Document 3QKx5QarggoVbZezp9RwpmDQJ

Nicholas Dugan US EPA ORD National Risk Ma Region 5 and Neighboring Sta Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00001 HABs: Overall Problems HABs have the potential to generate adverse health, ecosystem and economic impacts. k Many different types of toxins Pure toxins in laboratory studies exert toxic effects on liver and nervous system Exposure through ingestion Exposure though recreational activity body contact--associated with gastrointestinal effects, breathing difficulty, skin irritation, and animal deaths > Water treatment facilities may need to alter operational practices and/or invest in new equipment economic burden > Health effects beach closures loss of recreational/aesthetic value economic burden > Large blooms upset water chemistry (pH, dissolved oxygen) and limit the penetration of sunlight -> declines in fish populations -> loss of recreational/aesthetic value economic burden, long term ecosystem damage > Large blooms are odorous and unsightly reluctance to swim economic burden Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00002 UEot-f*>\>. Atct!--. 'Kjtectiof!: Agency HABs: Overall Problem During the 2017 bloom season, US EPA was aware of blooms, beach closures and/or health advisories in 27 states and DC. 3 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00003 yunov Actions: Research Approach Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00004 Actions: Protection Monitoring and Remote Sensing Lake Harsha. Ohio Overlay Satellite Data Overflight on 6/18/2017 at 10:49 Optical signature of cyanobacterial pigments: ID = Low Concentration = High Concentration = No Data Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00005 &EPA Actions: Monitoring and Remote Sensing Integrate satellite data with "on the lake" sampling results for toxins (microcystins) EPA health advisory concentration = 0.3 pg/Lfor pre-school aged children  CH Ln i\, Ut!! - En- > v' >,j Protection Agency Impact: Monitoring and Remote Sensing Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00007 ^ tLCnqretO'r.cy"'V4vv,;i?n!t'ai Protectkirs: Actions: Analytical Methods Collaboration with Ohio ERA to validate quantitative PCR method (Rapid detection of genetic material from toxin-producing cyanobacteria) 10000 100 10 0,1 ^ 1001 1000 10000 1000001000001 Agreement for samples split between Ohio and federal EPA laboratories Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00008  CH /LEnnntj-cnc*. 4v',,?ni,>-s Protection Actions: Analytical Methods Toxin Analysis in Fish Tissues c0 g3> 40 .2 30 OLC3U1J J-J 20 10 0 v2K 2K -2K 2K v2k 55\%/>^e \/><'<5^on,>/<'<jK \>/<v2<K\tr/<v2<K2nK/v<'25;k%2\k>/^*^T'2kS#^2\k/<v'2<Sk>2n\k,/Vv<2<k<#2k <. ^c2%k /v2<kcJ2vk /v<2ck^t2ck\/v2<kc2%k /v<2ck 2k v2k 2K v2K *ay0/<''c5^%o>/</? 2k 5 <5N ^ 2 ? ^ T 5 < p j > <> J ? <y ^ 0N 2 ^ ^ 2 ? ^ 2 f^ > 2S3 , ^ 2 ^ ^ ^ & <2drv<,,2K<d3\<,,2K<f3iS\r<,,2K/jdr,,<i> /,,<e2K%e>$*T<& ird.<^d<`SSr**,,#cvS j< d %d %* %r %d %d %d Fathead minnows exposed to toxins in artificial streams -> toxins successfully recovered from whole-fish tissue samples Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00009 Impact: Analytical Methods A junov Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00010 Actions: junov Drinking Water Treatment Toxin Removal through Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Impact of prior GAC use 11 Prior use decreases the ability of GAC to remove toxins Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00011 d CDH Lnt i\, Ut,iti Ettv > v' ,,j Protection Agency Impact: Drinking Water Treatment Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00012 !;Astniv>jUV.),' "ii >t<s Protection Actions and Impact: Ohio Lakes Providing Technical Assistance to States Lake Erie Monitoring cyanobacteria toxins through multiple years in numerous treatment plants Conducting bench- and pilot-testing Satellite monitoring program * t 0 t ysfck t. * ^ A : Harsha Lake Nutrient and HAB bloom dynamics Treatment performance at local water utility Nutrient trading program: reduce nutrient loadings at lowest cost by expanding the number of participants that have incentives to purchase credits Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00013 yunov Actions and Impact: Toledo, OH Providing Technical Assistance to States Do Not Drink Advisory Issued by the State In August 2014, Ohio EPA requested ORD's technical assistance to analyze drinking water for the presence of cyanobacterial toxins resulting in a harmful algal bloom. ORD Technical Assistance Samples flown directly to Cincinnati on numerous occasions Performed multiple analyses around the clock until the crisis was resolved Provided technical assistance to the city and state 24/7: - Confirmed extent of problem the potential for resolution, via treatment Resolved sample handling and analytical procedures Helped brief Ohio EPA Administrator, Mayor of Toledo, Governor and Members of Congress at various times during 14 the event "Your efforts were instrumental in restoring safe drinking water to over Vz million Ohioans and exemplifies a great example of how local, state andfederal agencies are able to work together, mobilize essential resources and address critical issues." --Governor John R. Kasich (in s letter to US EPA staff) Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00014 Contact yunov Nicholas Dugan US EPA Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, OH 513- 569-7239 Other Lake monitoring: Joel Allen (alienJoei@epa.gov), Christopher Nietch (nietch.Christopher@epa.gov) Satellite remote sensing: Blake Schaeffer (schaeffer.blake@epa.gov) Toxin analysis (in water): Heath Mash ), Toby Sanan tissue): Toby Sanan (sanan.fobv@epa.gov), Jim Lazorchak ( ); (in fish Microbial analysis (Ohio EPA collaboration): Jorge SantoDomingo (metabolic activity): Jingrang Lu (lu.iingrang@epa.gov) Drinking water treatment (granular activated carbon): Jonathan Pressman (physical removal, potassium permanganate): Nicholas Dugan Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00176091-00015