Document 3QDMkz7rR62dRp6oemb9jgN9a

280 NOTES TO PAGES 15-16 whether Hueper would be appropriate for a German academic post. Hueper in his view was not yet senior enough for a professorship (Berufiing), as he was "not a major figure [Grosse] in the field"; Rossle also noted that it would not be fair to Germany's many junior professors to appoint a man who had not "re mained true to Germany in its difficult time" (Rossle to Ministerialrat Schnoring, November 13,1933, in ibid.). My thanks to Michael Hubenstorf for draw ing these files to my attention. 2. See my Cancer Wars: How Politics Shapes What We Know and Don't Know about Cancer (New York: Basic Books, 1995), pp. 36-53; also Christopher Sellers, "Discovering Environmental Cancer: Wilhelm Hueper, Post-World War n Epidemiology, and the Vanishing Clinician's Eye," American Journal of Public Health 87 (1997): 1824-35. 3. For recent overviews, see Ernst Klee, Auschwitz, die NS-Medizin und ihre Opfer (Frankfurt: S. Fischer, 1997); Christoph Meinel and Peter Voswinckel, eds., Medizin, Naturwissenschaft, Technik und Nationalsozialismus: Kontinuitdten und Diskontinuitdten (Stuttgart: Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, 1994); also Renneberg and Walker, Science, Technology and National Socialism. 4. Michael H. Kater, Doctors under Hitler (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989); Ute Deichmann, Biologen unter Hitler: Vertreibung, Karrieren, Forschung (Frankfurt: Campus, 1992). 5. Robert N. Proctor, "From Anthropologie to Rassenkunde. Concepts of Race in German Physical Anthropology," in Bones, Bodies, Behavior: Essays on Biolog ical Anthropology, ed. George W. Stocking, Jr. (Madison: University of Wiscon sin Press, 1988), pp. 138-79. 6. Paul Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unifica tion and Nazism 1870-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989); Christian Pross and Gotz Aly, eds., Der Wert des Menschen: Medizin in Deutsch land 1918-1945 (Berlin: Edition Hentrich, 1989); Gotz Aly and Karl Heinz Roth, Die restlose Erfassung: Volkszdhlen, Identifizieren, Aussondem im Nationalsozialis mus (Berlin: Rotbuch, 1984); also my Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988). 7. Jeffrey Herf, Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture, and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); compare also Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (New York: Ox ford University Press, 1989), and Mario Biagioli, "Science, Modernity, and the 'Final Solution,'" in Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the "Final Solution", ed. Saul Friedlander (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 185-205. 8. Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, vol. 7 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953), p. 27. 9. John Gimbel in his Science, Technology, and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990) in cludes the following in his list of innovations of the Nazi era: cold-steel extru sion, aerial infrared photography, new kinds of optical glass, power circuitbreakers, die-casting equipment, wind tunnels, acetylene chemistry, new textiles and textile machinery, new forest products and ceramics. X-ray tubes, tape recorders, heavy presses, diesel motors, high-tension cables, radio con NOTES TO PAGES 16-17 281 densers, insecticides, color film processing, precision grinding machines, and "a unique chocolate-wrapping machine" (p. 22). 10. Office of Military Government for Germany, Field Information Agency Technical FIAT Review of German Science, 1939-1946, Complete List of Review Ti tles (Wiesbaden: Klemm, 1947); Gimbel, Science, Technology, and Reparations. 11. Kristie Macrakis, Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Ger many (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 110-11. 12. A minor exception is Gustav Wagner and Andrea Mauerberger's institu tional hagiography: Krebsforschung in Deutschland (Berlin: Springer, 1989); compare also Evelyn H. Salazar, Krebsforschung und Krebsbekdmpfung in Berlin bis zum Jahre 1945 (Berlin: Med. diss., 1986); Ronald Woitke, Zur Entwicklung der Krebserfassung, -behandlung und -fiirsorge im "Dritten Reich" (Leipzig: Med. diss., 1993); and Achim Thom, "Zur Entwicklung, staatlichen Forderung und Wirksamkeit der ausseruniversitaren Krebsforschungszentren in Deutschland zwischen 1900 und 1945" (unpub. MS). Ute Deichmann has a brief discussion of cancer research in her Biologen unter Hitler, pp. 126-29. The most compre hensive bibliography of cancer research in the Nazi and immediate post-Nazi period is Ernst Riickert and Heinz Kleeberg, 25 Jahre Krebsforschung im deutschsprachigen Schrifttum: Eine Auswahl von Buch- und Zeitschriftenliteratur aus den Jahren 1931-1955 (Berlin: Volk und Gesundheit, 1961); the most extensive bibli ography of pre-twentieth-century literature, with many flaws, is Robert Behla, Die Carcinomlitteratur. Eine Zusammenstellung der in- und auslandischen Krebsschriften bis 1900 (Berlin: R. Schoetz, 1901). 13. See, for example, Gerhard Baader and Ulrich Schultz, eds., Medizin und Nationalsozialismus: Tabuisierte Vergangenheit--Ungebrochene Tradition? 2d ed. (Berlin: Verlagsgesellschaft Gesundheit, 1983); Johanna Bleker and Norbert Jachertz, eds., Medizin im Dritten Reich (Cologne: Deutscher Arzte-Verlag, 1989); Gisela Bock, Zwangssterilisation im Nationalsozialismus: Studien zur Rassenpolitik und Frauenpolitik (Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1986); Fridolf Kudlien, ed., Arzte im Nationalsozialismus (Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1985); Achim Thom and Genadij I. Caregorodcev, eds., Medizin unterm Hakenkreuz (Berlin: Volk und Gesundheit, 1989); also my Racial Hygiene and Robert Jay Lifton's The Nazi Doctors (New York: Basic Books, 1986). 14. Ludwig Rehn, "Blasengeschwiilste bei Fuchsin-Arbeitem," Archiv fur Idinische Chirurgie 50 (1895): 588-600. 15. E. Pfeil, "Lungentumoren als Berufserkrankung in Chromatbetrieben," Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift 61 (1935): 1197-1200. 16. Paul G, Unna is usually credited as the first to associate skin cancer with sunlight; see his Die Histopathologic der Hautkrankheiten (Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1894). 17. Albert Frieben, "Cancroid des rechten Handriickens," Deutsche medici- nische Wochenschrift 28 (1902): 335; Kurt Ziegler, Experimentelle und klinische Untersuchungen iiber die Histogenese der myeloiden Leukdmie (Jena: G. Fischer, 1906); Heinrich W. Schmidt, "Radioaktivitatsmessungen in St. Joachimsthal," Physikalische Zeitschrift 8 (1907): 1-5; Ekkehard Schmid, "Messungen des RadiumEmanationsgehaltes von Kellerluft," Mitteilung aus dem physikalischen Institut der Universitat Graz 82 (1932): 233-42. Austrians were the first to report a high