Document 3Q62Qxx8Jm8zogzge173V4g6x

FILE NAME: Avondale (AVD) DATE: 197: DOC#: AVD DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION:h^Z>Z^,ZZ Z^ ~~:~:~~I; 1,&~ U,S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BURE AU OF LABOR SH,NOARDS ge and Labor Standards ~nlstratlon WASHINGTON, O.C. 20210 OFFICIAL BUSINESS ~ POSTAGE AND FEIES PAID , - - - U.S. OEPART-ME -NT -OF - , LABOA L!'HIR~<:::_ASS MAI~ Safety n',a.,"./, and Health Regulations for SHIPBUILDING January 1970 PLAINTIFF'S E ~ b.. EXHIBIT ~ 0 I SBCA 5102 j . C,1 lj I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Wage and Labor Standards Administration BUREAU OF lABOR STANDARDS ,~y .,. Amendments to these regulations published In the Federal Regis1.,, through JANUARY I, 1970, are Included in this p<1mph 1..1. 11rie ,c.-,-\.napser AUi PART 1502-SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR SHIPBUILDING Sec. Subpart A--Genaral Provisions Seo. 1502.64 1502.65 1502.66 1502 67 ~ Chain !alls and. pull-lit~; Hoisting and l:laullng equlpmen Useo! gear. Quallficatlons of operators. 1502.1 Purpose, scope and responslblllty. 1502.68 Tables. 15023 Se<l. Deflnltton11. Sui.part H-Tool1 and Related Equipment 1502.3 Penalty. 1502.71 General precautions. 1502.4 Variation from the regulations of 1502.72 Portable electric tool11. this part, 1502.73 Hand tools. l502.6 Reference speclflca.tlons, eta.ndarda, 1602.74 Abrasive wheels. and codes. 1502.75 Powder actuated fastenlng tool.11 1502.6 Notlflcatlon of accidents resulting 1502.76 Internal combustion engines, ot In fatalities or eer!oue injuries. than shlp"s equipment. 1502.7 Amendment of the regulations of this part. Subpart I-Personal Protective Equipment Sub?r:irl B-Explosive and Other Dangerous Atmospheres 1602.Bl 1502.82 Eye protection. Respiratory protection. 1602.10 Competent person. Subporl C-Surface Preparation and 1602.83 Head, foot and body protection, 1602.B4 Life saving equipment. 1602.21 1502.22 1502.23 1502.24 1602.25 Preservation Toxic cleaning solvents. Chemical paint and preservative removers. Mechanical paint removers. Pnlntlng. Flammable liquids. Subporl J-Ship'1 Machinery and Piping Syst 1502.91 1502.92 1502.93 1502.94 Ship's boilers. Ship's piping systems. Ship's propulsion machinery. Ship's deck machinery. Subpart K-Portable, Unfired Pressure Ves Subpart 0-Weldlng, Cutting and Healing Drums, and Containers, Other Than Sh Equipment 1502.31 1602.32 1602.33 Ventllatlon and protection In welding, cutting and heating. Fire prevention. Welding, cutting and heating 1n way of preservative coatings. 1502.101 Portable alr receivers and. ot unfired pressure ve~el11. 1602.102 Drums and containers. Subpart L--Electrical Machinery 1602.34 1502.35 1502.36 1602.37 Welding, cutting and heating of hollow metal containers and structures. Oas welding and cutting. .Arc welding and cu ttlng. Uses of fissionable material in ship building. 1502.111 Electrical c1rculta and dl.lltrt' tlon boards. AUTHORITT: The provl.siona ot th.la l 1502 issued under sec. 41, 44 Stat. 1444; 1, 72 Stat. 835; 33 U.B.C. 941. SotrnC3: The provisions ot thla Part I Svbpr:irt E~Scoffolds, Lodden and Other Working Surfoces 1602.41 Sc~olda or staging. 1602.42 1602.43 Laddel'II. Guarding of deck openings and edges. 1602.44 1502.45 1602.4'6 Accese to veBBel11. Access to and guarding ot dry docks and :marine railways. Access to cargo IJPaeM and con- fined spaces. 1502.47 Working IJUJ'faee11. Subpart F--Go,neral Working Condition 1502.51 1602,62 Housekeeping. ruumlnat1on. 1602.63 Utllltles. 1502.64 Work 1n con11ned or lllolated spaces, 1502.65 Work on or. In the vicinity of radar and radio. 1502.56 Work In or on llteboata. 1602.57 Health and 11an1tatlon. 1502.68 First aid. Subpart G-Gear end Equlpmenl for Rigging and 1502.61 1502.62 16!>2.63 Moterlols Handllng Inspection. R.opes, chains and sllngs. Shackles and books. appear at 29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 11184; 29 l 8089, May 8, 1984', unless otherwise note< Subpart A-General Provision! 1502.l Purpose, scope and reapo bility. (a) Section 41 of the LongshoremE and Harbor Workers Compensation requires every employer to furntsh 1 maintain employment and places of E ployment which are reasonably safe his employees in all employments cove thereby (the Act applies to all !nJm sustained by employees on navige waters of the United States I.! the ( ployees are employed by an "emploj a.s defined in section 2(4) of the , 1.e., "an employer any o! whose 1 ployees a.re employed 1n maritime 1 ployment, in whole or in part, UPoD navigable waters of the UnJted St1 (including any drydock> ." CalbecJi 1 ~,;,~ Title 29-Chopter XIII Travelers Insurance Co. and Donove..n v. AVOl)ds.le Shipyards, Inc. (52 S. ct. 1196 (1!162)) and to install, furnish, maintaln, and use devices and safeguards (with particular reference to equipment used by such employers and working condi tlons established by them) determined by the Secretary of Labor to be reasonably necessary to protect the .U!e, health, and safety of such employees, and to render safe such employment and places of employment and to prevent lnJury to such employees. The uurpose of thi.s part is to make determinations under Lhls standard with respect to shlP- bUlld:!ng activity. Cb) This pnrt does not apply to mat ters under the control of the United States Coast Guard within the scope of Title 52 of the Revised Statutes and acts supplementary or amendatory thereto (46 U.S.C. secs. 1-1388 pnsslrn) including, but not restricted to. the master, shlp's officer, crew members. design, construction, and maintenance of the vessel, its genr and equipment; to matters within the regulatory authority of the United States Coast Guard to safeffl..lard vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facmtles under the provisions o! the Espionage Act of June 17, 1917, as a.mended (50 U.S.C. 191 et seq.; 22 U.S.C. 401, et seq.); including the provisions of Executive Or der 10173, as amended by Executive Orders 10217 and 10352 (3 CFR 1948-1953 Comp., pp. 358, 778, and 873) : or to mntt.ers within the regulatory authority of the United states Coast Guard with respect to l!ghts, wsrnlng devices, safety equipment and other matters relating to the promotion of safety of lives and prop erty under section 4(2) of the outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1333). Also, this pa.it does not apply <cl The term "employer" means Bn employer any of whose employees are employed in maritime employment, 1n whole or In :part. upon the navigable waters of the United States, including dry docks. graving docks, and marine railways, and any of whose employees are employed, ln whole or 1n part, 1n ship- building or related employments as defined In paragraphs (1) and {j) of thl:J section, on the navigable waters of the United Stu~es, including drydocks, graving docks, and marine railways. (d) The term "employee" means any person employed ln shlpbulldlng or re lated employments on the navigable waters of the Un1ted States, including dry docks, graving docks and marine railways, by an employer as defined in paragraph <c) of this section. (e) The term "gangway" means any ramp-like or stair-like means of access provided to enable personnel to board or leave a vessel Including accommodation ladders, gangplanks and brows. (f) The term "vessel" includes every description of watercraft or other artl flcial contrivance u.sed or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water, including special purpose floating structures not primarily designed for or used as e. means of transportation on water. Cg) For purposes of 1502.44, t:1e term "barge'' means ari unpowered, flat bot tom, shallow draft vessel including scows, co.rfloa.ts and lighters. For purposes of this section, the term does not lnclude ship shaped or deep draft barges. <h) For purposes of 1502.4.4, the term "river tow boa.t" means a shallow draft, low tree board, self.propelled vessel designed to tow river barges by pushing ahead. For purposes of t.ht.s section, the to owners, operators, agents, or masters o! vessels unless they are acting as "employers". However, this pal t ls not ln tended to relieve owners, operators, agents. or masters of vessels who a.re not "employers" !ram responslbllltles or duties now placed upon them by law, regU- term does not include other towing vessels. (1) The term ''shipbuilding" means the construction of a vessel, Including the installation of machinery and equipment. (j > The term ''related employment" latlons, or custom. (c) The responslbllltles placed upon the compet,.>nt person herein shall be deemed to be the responslbillties of the employer. means any employments performed as 1m incident to or in conjunction with shipbuilding work including, but not restricted to lns:pectlon, testing trials and employment as a we.tchmr.n. 1502.2 Dl'finitiona. Ck) The term "hazardous substance'' (a.) The term "ehall", lnd1cates provi- means a substance which by reason of sions wWeh are mandatory. being explosive, flammable. poisonous, Cb) The term "Ser,rctary" meanB the corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or other Secretary o! Labor. wise harmful ls likely to cause injury. 2 Title 29-Chapter XIII (1) The term "Ct>mpetent person" !or purposes of this part means a person who mat' operations, may Prod~dus gases. fumes, vapors, mists, ;,: t.idnok is capable of recognizing and evs.luating which have one or more o! tlie abo employee exposure to hazardous sub- characteristics. stances or to other unsafe conditions and 1502.3 Penalty. ls capable of specifying the necessary b protection and precautions to be taken (a) As provided in Pu llc Law 85-, to ensure the safety of employees e.s re- any employer who, wmiully v\olates quired by the particular regulation under falls or refuses to comp Y with the P the condition to which it applies. For the purposes of Subparts c and D of this visions of the regulations of this p and any employer or other person , part, except !or 1502.24(b) (8), to which willfully interferes with, hinders, or the above definition applles the com- lays the Secretary or his a.uthorl petent person must also meet the addi representative ln carrying out his du tlonal requirements of 1502.l0. under subsection (c) of section 41 of Cm) The term "confl.ned space" means Act by refusing to adntlt the Secret a compartmenL of fimall size and Umlted or hi.s authorized representative to : access such as a. double bottom ts.nk, place, or to permit the inspection or cofferdam, or other space whtch by its small size and confined nature ce.n readily create or g,ggravate a hazardous exposure. (n) The term "enclosed space" means any space, other than a confined space, which is enclosed by bulk.head.a and overhead. It includes cargo holds, tanks, quarters and machinery and holler spaces. <o> The term "hot work" means rivet. lng, welding, burning or other flre or spark producing operations. (p) The term "cold work" means any work which does not involve riveting, welding, burning or other fire or spark producing operations. (q) The term "portable unfired pressure vessel" means any pressure container or vessel used aboard ship, other than the ship's equipment, containing liquids or gases under pressure, except- aml.nation of any employment or placE employment, or who willfully hinders delays the Secretary or his author! representative ln the performance o! duties l.n the enforcement of the regu tions of this part, shall be guilty of offense, and, upon conviction ther1 shall be punished for each offense b fine o! not less than $100 nor more tl S3,000; and in any case where such E ployer ls a corporation, the officer ~ wlllfully perm1t.s any such violation occur shall be guilty of an offense, a upon conviction thereof, shall be p1 ished also for each offense by a flne not less the.n $100 nor more thnn $3,l Cb) The liabiUty under this proviE of Public Law 85-742 shall not affect 1 other liab1lity of the employer under Longshoremen's and Harbor Work Compensation Act. ing pressure vessels bu1lt to ICC regulations under 49 CFR Part 78, Subparts 1502.4 Variation from the regul11t of this part, C and H. Cr) The term "powder actuated !astening tool" means a tool or machine which drives a stud, pin or fastener by means of an explosive charge. (s) For purposes of 1502.57, the term "hazardous material" means a. material which ha.s one or more of the following characteristics: (1) Has a Ha.sh point below 140 F.. closed cup, or :!s subject to spontaneous heattng; (2) has a thres hold llrnit value below 500 p.p.m. in the case of a gas or vapor, below 500 mg./m; for fumes, and below 25 m.p.p,c.f. in case of a dust; (3) bas a single dose oral LD,,, below 500 mg,/kg.; (4) Is subject to p~eriza.lJon with the release of large a~n.u or energy; (5) is a strong oxi 1 dlZllg or reducing agent;. (6) causes first cegree bums to skin in short time exposure, or 1s systemically toxic by skin contact; or (7) in the course of nor Ca) As provided 1n PUblic Law 85ln case of practical dlfficulties or um essary hardships, the Secretary In discretion may grant variations f the regulations of this po.rt or part lar provisions thereof, and permit use of other or different devices l! finds that the purpose of the regula will be observed by the variation the safety of employees wlll be equ secured thereby, Any Person affectec such regulations or his a.gent, may quest the Secretary to grant such va1 tlon, stating in writing the grounds which his request Is based. Any auth iza.tion by the Secretary o! a var:!at shall be in writing, shall describe conditions under which the var:!at shall be permitted, and shall be publls' as provided 1n section 3 of the Adm istrattve Procedure Act (ch. 324, 60 s 237), B.9 amended. A Properly lnde ,r\~t, Title 29-Chapter XIII record of all va.rlat101~a.ll be kept in the Office of the Secretary and be open to public inspection. unless prior thereto and as soon after the accident as feasible the employer has given oral or written notice of the a.eel- 1502.5 Reference spe';:ificntions, stand- ards and codes , Specifications, standards, and codes of agencies of the U.S. Government, to the extent specified in the text, fonn a part of the regulations of this part: In addition, under the authority vested in dent to the Person in charge of such offlee in sufficient detail to permit the accident t.o be identified readily. (44 Stat. 1444; 33 u.s.c. 930.) 1502.7 Amendment of the regulations or th18 part. The Secretary may at any Ume, upon the Secretary under the Act, the specifl- his own motion or upon written petition cations, standards, and codes of or- of any interested person setting forth ga.nlzo.tlons which a.re not agencies of the U.S. Government, in effect on the reasonable grounds therefor, and after opportunity has been given to interested date of the promulgation of the reguls.- persons to present their views, amend or tlons of this pa.rt as listed below to the extent specified in the text, forrd a. part revoke any of the provisions of the regulatlons Of this part. of the regUlat1oos of this Part: Subpart B-Explosive and Other - National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymnrch Street, Boston, Mass. 02110, Subpart B, 1502.lO(a). Dangerous Atmospheres 1502.10 Competent person. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., 207 East Ohlo Street, Ch1cl\go, Ill. 60811 Subpart o H 1502.24(b) (7), 1502.25(0.} (4i; Subpart H, 1 1502.72(a). United Str.tes ot America. standard Ba.!ety Code tor Portable Wood Ladders, Al4.1- r:rk,1859, United Sta.tes of America standards Institute. Inc., 10 Ell.lit 40th Street, New N.Y. 10018, Subpart E, 1602.42(e.) (a) Destgnation (1) For the purp f oses o Subparts C, D, and H of this pa.rt, ex- cept for 1502.24Cb) <a) and 1502.25Ca.) (5), one or more competent persons sh.all be designated by the employer in accord- a.nee with the applicable requirements of this section unless the requirements of Subparts C, D, and H of this part a.re American society of Mecha.Dical Engineers Boiler a.nd Pressure ve66e1 Code, sectlo~ VIII, Rules for Construction or Unfired Pressure Vessels, American so~ety of Mechsnlcal Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011. subpart K, 1502.101 always c.arrled out by a. National Fire Protection Association Certified Marine Chemist. (2) The employer shall indicate on U.S. Department of Labor Form M.AR-8 "Designation of Competent Person'; (a). Threshold Limit Values, Amertcan Con!er- ence o! Governmental Industrial Hygten1st.a, 1014 Broadway, c1nclnnati, Ohio 45202. Subpart c 1502.21 (b). United Sta.tea of America. Stn.ndard Sa.1ety Code for the Use, Care, and Protect1on o! Abrasive Wheels, B7.1--1964, United States of America. Standards Institute, Inc., 10 Ea.st. 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016, Subpart H, 1602-74 (c) !32 F.R. 14047, Oct. lO, 19671 either those employees designated as competent persons or th.at the p lb d f . rescr e unctions Of such persons a.re always carried out by a National Fire Protection Association Certified Marine Chemist in sddltlon to his professional duties. When .additions or changes are made in the per- sonnel so designated, a new Form MAR--8 shall be executed. A copy of this executed form shall be forwarded to the nearest office of the Bureau of Labor Standards. 1502.6 Notificntion of accidents re- i;ulting in fatalities or aerious in juries. (bl Criteria. The following crtterlA shall guide the employer in designating employees as competent persons: (a) within 48 hours after the occurrence of an accident ca.using the death of an employee or resulting in an employee's admission to a. hospital as a bed pa.tlent, the employer shall file a copy of Bureau of Employees' Compensation Forro BEC-202 (approved by Budget Burea.u No. H--R 887.3) with the Field Safety consultant of the Bureau of Labor sta.ndards serving the area where the accident occurred (in addition to such filing as ls required by 20 CFR 31.3) U) AbHity to understand the mes.ning of designations on certificates and of any qualifications relating thereto and to carry out any instructions, either wrltten or oral, left by the National Fire Protectlon Assoctatlon Certified Marine Chemist or issued by a. consultant or chemist who may be used by the employer to make the tests and inspections required by Subparts C and D of this part. (2) Ability to use and interpret the 4 IJIIC 6.7-'-ltYt'I'- .,,.... readings of an oxygen ind.lea.tor B.I!.d a combustible gas Indicator. The abUity to use and interpret the res.dings of e. . the fo~owing measures to ~ar health of employees expo,\. to carbon monoxide indicator and a. carbon dioxide indicator, if the operatlons involve such hazardous gases (3) Familiarity with and understand- , ing of Subparts c D and H of this P.art (4) Famll1a.r1ty 'with the structure and knowledge of the location and designatlon of spaces of the types of vessels on which construction work is done. (5) Capability to perform the tests and inspections required by Subparts c, solvents. <l) The cleaning operation r;ha completely enclosed to prevent th cape of vapQr into the working s <2) Either natural ventilation or chan1ca.l exhaust ventilation sha used to remove the vapor at the s1 and to dilute the concentration of v1 in the working space to a concentr which ls safe for the entire work P (3) Employees shall be prot D, and H of this pa.rt and to write the requlied logs. <c> Logging of inspectfons and tests. (1) When tests and Inspections required to be performed by a competent person by any provisions of Subparts C, D, and H of this part, except those referred to 1n 1502.25 (b) (8) and (a.) (5), are made, a record of the locations, operations performed and date, time, and results of the tests and any l.nstructlons resulting therefrom shall be recorded on U.S. Department of Ls.bar Form MAR-9, "Log of Inspections and Tests by Competent Person.'' A separate form shall be used .for each vessel on which tests and 1nspections are made. (2) This record shall be available for inspection in the 1mmedla.te vicinity of the affected operations while they are in progress. This record or copy thereof shall be kept on file for a period of at lea.st 3 months f.rom the date of the completion of the job. Cd) Appl!cation. The provisiona of this section are intended to apply In their entirety to employers engaged 1n general vessel construction. They do not apply in their entirety to employers whose work involves only certain portions of Subparts C a.nd D of this pa.rt, such as the buildlng of some wooden vessels, where only knowledge of the precautions to be taken when using flammable paints ts necessary. In such cases employers may designate persons who are competent on the basis of the applicable Portions of the criteria. set forth in pa.re.graph (b) of this section. 120 1".R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1864; 28 F.R. 0oao. May 8, 1984, as amended at 32 F .R. 14047, Oct. 10, 1967} Subpart C-Surface Preparation and Preservation 1502.21 Toxic de11rring solvents. (a) When toxic solvents are used, the employer shall employ one or more of against toxic vapors by suitable ref tory Protective equipment in a.econ with the requirements of 1502.8! and Cc), and, where necessary, a~ expQsure of skin and eyes to co with toxic solvents and their vapo suitable clothing and equipment. (b) The Prlnciples in the thre limit values to which attention l rected 1n 1502.5 will be used b Department of Labor in enforc( Proceedings 1n defining e. safe conce tion of air contaminants.. (c) When flammable eolvente used, preca.ut1ons shall be taken 11 cords.nee with the rectulremeni 1502.25. [32 F.R. 14047, Oct. 10, 1967) 150~- 22 Chemical pamt and pre, tive ?"Cmovere. (a) Employees shall be prot against skin contact during the hari and application of chemical pa.Int preservative removers and shall be tected against eye Injury by goggl face shields in accordance with th qulrements of 1502.Sl Ca) and < (b) When using flammable pa.in preservative removerr;, precautions be taken tn accordance with the re<; ments of 1502.25. <c> When using chemlca.1 pa.int preservative removers which co volatile and toxic solvents, such as zol, a.cetone and amyl acetate, the visions of 1502.21 shall be appllcat (d) When using paint and rm; movers containJng strong acids or lies, employees shall be prote<:te suttable face shields to prevent cbe1 bums on the face a.nd neck. <e> When stef:l.lil guns are u:;ec employees working within range o blllSt shall be protected by suitable shields. Metal parts of the st~arr Itself shall be insulated to Protec operator against heat burns. i:; If.ii~ ,~~ .. r.M1 11t1e .t'f-1,,naprer AIII 1502.23 Mechanlcii'1li~int removen, Ce.) Pcnner tools. (1) Employees ~n. gaged in the remov!ll of paints, preserve.- provide direct cut off or to signal the pot tender by means of a visual and audible signal to cutol! the flow, In the event the blaster loses control of the hose. The pot tlves, rusts or other coatings by means tender shall be available at all times to or power tools shall be protected _against respond immediately to the signal. eye Injury by goggles or face shields ln (2) .Replacement. Hoses and all flt- accordance with the requirements of tings used for abrasive blasting shall be l502.81Ca). 1nspeeted frequently to insure timely (2 J All portahle rotating tools used- !or replacement before an unsafe amount of the removal of paints, preservatives, wear has occurred. rusts or other coatings shall be ade- (3) Personal protecttve equtpm.ent. quately guarded to protect both the op- Ci) Abrasive blasters working In enclosed era.tor and nearby workers from flying missiles. spaces shall be protected by hoods and air fed respirators or by air helmets of a (3) Portable electric tools shall be positive pres~ure type in accordance with grounded in accordance with the require- the requirements o.f 1502.82(a). ments of 1502.72 (a) and (b). {11) Abrasive blasters working in the (1:l In a confined space, mechanical exhaust ventilation suffl.cient to keep the open shall be protected as 1ndicated in subdivision m of this subparagraph ex- dust concentration to a minimum shall cep1, that when synthetic abrasives con- be used, or employees shall be protected to.lning less than one percent free silica. by respiratory protective equipment in !lre used filter type respirators approved accordance with the reQuirements of 1502.82 (a) and {d). by the Bureau of Mines !or exposure to lead dusts may be used in accordance Cb) Flflme removal. (1) Hardened with 1502.82 (a) and Cd). preservative coatings shall not be re- <Ui) Employees, other than 'Qla.sters, moved by flame in enclosed spaces unless including machine tenders and abrasive the employees exposed to fumes are pro- recovery men, working 1n areas where tected by air line respirators in accord- unsafe concentrations o! abrasive ma.- a.nee with the requirements or 1502.82 terials and dusts are present shall be (a). Employees performing such an protected by eye and resplre.tory pro- opuatlon In the open air, and those exposed to the resulting fumes, shall be tectlve equipment !n accordance wit.h the requirements of H 1502.81 Ca) and protected by a rume filter type respirator (b) a.nd 1502.82 <a,) and Cd). in accordance with requirements of <1v) The blaster sha.11 be protected paragraphs {a) and (d) (2) (iv) or 1502.82. against injury from exposure to the blast by appropriate protective clothing, in- (2) Flame or heat shall not be used to eluding gloves. remove soft and greasy preservative coatlngs, Cc) Abrasfve blastinu-0) Equipment, Cv) Since surges from sure In the hose line ce.n bderooprs siunffipcrieesn-t proportions to throw the blaster off the Hoses and fittings used !or abrasive staging, the blaster shall be protected by blasting shall meet the following requirements: a sa!ety belt when blasting ls being done from elevations where adequate protec- (1) Hoses. Hose of a type to prevent tlon against falling cannot be provided shocks from static electricity shall be used. - cm Hose couplfngs. Hose lengths shall be jolned by metal couplings secured to the outside or the hose to by railings. . [29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1984; 29 F.R. eoag, Ma.y B, 1964, !Ill a.mended at 32 F.R. 14047, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502.24 Painting. avoid erosion and weakenlng or the (a) Paints mb:ed wfth toxtc vehicles or coupllngs. solvents. (1) When paints mixed with (111) Nozzles. Nozzles shall be at- toxic vehlcle.s or solvents are sprayed the tached' to the hose by fittings that. wlll following conditions shall apply: ' prevent the nozzle from unintentionally (1) In confined spaces, employees con- becoming disengaged. Nozzle attach- tinuous]y exPQsed to such spraying shall ments sha.11 be of metal and shall fit onto be protected by air line respirators in the hose extema.lly. (lv) Dead man control. A dead man control device shall be provided at the nozzle end o! the blasting hose either to accortla.n~ with the rooul..rements ot 1502.82 (a). cm In tanks or compartments em ployees continuously expooed to' such 6 Title 29-Chapter XIII ~ spre.y!ng shall be protected by air line (4) Exhaust ducts si,:. disc respirators in accorde.nce with the requlrements_of 1502.82Ca). Where me- clear of work.log areas and away sources of possible lgnltlon. Pe chan!cal vent!lation ls provided, employees shall be protected by respire.ton in accordance with the requirements ot 1502.BZ<al and (e). tests shall be made to ensure th1 exhausted vapors are not accumu in other areas within or around th selordrydock. (!11) In large and well ventllated areas, . <5) All motors and control eQul1 employees exposed to such spraying shall shall be of the explosion-proof type be protected by respirators in accordance with the reQulrements or f 1502.82 Ca) and Ce). she.II have nonferrous blades. Po air ducts shall also be or nonferrm. terlals. All motors and a.ssocie.ted c (2) Where brush appllcatlon or patnt.s equipment shall be properly main with toxic solvents 1B done ln confined spaces, or other areas where laek of ven- and grounded. (6) Only non-spark.Ing paint bi tUaUon creates a hazard, employees shalt spray guns and tools shall be be protected by filter respirators in e.c- Metal parts of pa.int brushes and cordance with the requirements of 1502.82 (a) and (c). shall be insulated. Staging sh erected 1n a manner which ensun (3) When flammable paints or ve- it is non-sparking. hicles are used, precautions shall be (7) Only explosion proof light taken ir. nccordance with the require- Proved by the Underwriters' Labor: ments of 1501.25, (4) The metallic parts of air moving devices, including fans, blowers, and jettype air movers, and all duct work shall for use in Class I, Group D e.tmosr or approved a.s permissible by th Bureau or Mines or the U.S. Coast< shall be used. be electrically bonded to the vessel's structure. <8) A competent person shall i all power and lighting cables to , (b) Paints and tank coatings ct!ssolved in high.ly volatile toxic and flammable that the insulation is in excellen dition, free or all cracks e.nd worn solvent..~. Severe.I organic coatings, e.d- that there are no connections heslves e.nd resins are dissolved In highly fifty (50) feet of the operation, the toxic, flammable and explosive solvents are not overloaded, and the.t th, with flash points below 80 F. Work sw;pended with sufficient slaek top involving such materials shall be done only when all o! the following special undue stress or chafing. (9) The te.ce, eyes, head, hands precautions ha,,e been taken: U) Sufficient exhaust ventilation shall other exposed parts or the bodies c ployees handling such hlghly v be provided to keep the concentration of solvent vapors below ten (10) percent or paints shall be protected. All roe shall be non-sparking, such a..s n the lower explosive limit. Frequent tests rubber boots or rubber soled shoes shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration. C2l If the ventlla.tlon tails or it the concentration or solvent vapors rises above ten (10) percent of t.he lower ex- out nail6. Coveralls or other outer ing shall be or cotton. Rubber, than plastic gloves shall be used b1 ot the danger ot static spe.rk.s. .(10) No matches, lighted clga plosive limit, painting shall be stopped clgars, or pipes, and no cigarette ll and the compartment shall be evaeuated until the concentration again tallB below ten ClO) percent or the lower explosive or ferrous articles shall be takei the area where work is being don (11) All solvent drums tnken 1n limit. If the concentration does not fall compartment shall be placed on when painting ls stopped, additional ven- ferrous surfaces and shall be groun tll!ltion to bring the concentration down to ten {10) percent or the lower explosive limit shall be provided. (3) Ventilation shall be continued after the completion of painting until the the vessel. Meta.me contact sh maintained between cont'aloers drums when materials are being ~ !erred from one to another. (12) Spray guns, paint pots, space or compartment !s ga..s free. The final tletermlna.tlon as to whether the space or compartment ls gas free shall be ma.de after the ventilating equipment metalllc Parts or connecting tub~ be electrically bonded, and the b assembly shall be grounded t< vessel. has been shut of! !or at least ten minutes. <13) All employees continuous!~ / 7 .~. Title 29-Chapter XIII ompartment in whlW\." such painting 1s ieing performed, shall be protected by Lir 11:ne respirators iQ,,._accordance with he requirements of 'l'?J02 ,82 Ca) and by ;uitable protective clothing. Employees mtering such compartments for 8 All imtted time shall be protected by filter cartridge type respirators in accordance ith the re uirements of l502.f\2 (al w d (e) q an(l4) employees doing exterior paint spraying with such paints shall be 1502.31 Ventilntion and pro1ection in welding, cutting and heating, (11) Mechanical ventilation;- requfrements. (1) For purposes of this section, mechanical ventilation shall meet the following requirements: (1) Mechanical ventllatlon shall con- sist of either general mechanical vent1lation systems or local exhaust systems. (U) General mechanical ventllat1on shall be of sufficient capacity and so a.r- protected by suitable filter cartridge type respirators in accordance with the re:iu1rements of 1502.82 (a) and (e) and by suitable protective clothing. r29 F.R. 402B, Mar. 21, 11l64; 29 F.R. 6089, May 8, 1964, as amended at 32 F .R. 14048, Oct. 10, 1967] . . 1502.25 Flammable hqmds. ranged as to produce the number of a.it' changes necessary to maintain welding fumes and smoke within safe 11.mlts. (ill) Local exhaust ventilation s11:e.n consist of freely movable hoods mtended to be placed by the welder or burner as close as practicable to the work.. This system shall be of sufficient capacity and so arra.ng~ as to remove (a) In all cases when liquid solvents, ;iaint and preservative removers, paints or vehicles, other than those covered by 1502.24 Cb), are capable of produc- tng a flammable atmosphere under the conditions of use the following precau- tlons shall be taken: Cl) Smoking, open flames, arcs and spark-producing equipment shall be pro- hlbited in the area. (2) Ventilation shall be provided in sufficient quantities to keep the concen- tration of vapors below ten (10) percent of their lower explosive Umlt. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration. (3) Scrapings and rags soaked with these materials shall be kept in a cov- ered metal container. (4) Only explosion proof lights, ap- proved by the Underwriters' La.bora- tories for use in Class I, Group D atmospheres, or approved as permissible by the US. Bureau of Mines or the U.S. Coast Guard shall be used. (5) A competent person shall inspect all power and lighting cables to ensure that the insulation is in excellent condi- tlon, free of all cracks and worn spots, that there are no connections within fifty (50) feet of the operation, that Unes are not overloaded, and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent U11due stress or cha.flng. (6) Suitable fire extinguishing equip- ment shall be immediately available 1n the work area and shall be maintained i n . a 5 t.a t e O f r adiness e for instant use. Subpart D-Welding, Cutting and fumes and smoke at the source and keep the concentration of them in the breathtng zone within safe limits. (iv) Contaminated air exhausted from a working space shall be discharged Into the open air or otherwise clear df the source of intake air. Cvl All air replacing that withdrawn shall be clean and respirable. (vi) Oxygen shall not be used for ven- tilatlon purposes, comfort cooling, blow- Ing dust or dirt from clothing, or for cleaning the work area. (bl Welding, cutting and heating fn confined spaces. Cll Except as prov!ded in para.graphs (b) (3) and Cc) (2) of this section, either general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of paragraph Ca) of this section shall be provided whenever weld- Ing, cutting or heating is performed In a. conflned space. (2) The means of access shall be pro- vided to a conilned space and ventilation ducts to this space shall be arranged in accordance with 1502.46 (bl Cl) and (2). (3) When sufficient ventilation cannot be obtained without blocking the means of access, employees in the confined space shall be protected by air l!ne respirators in accordance with the requirements of 1502.82(a), and an employee on the outside o! such a confined space shA.11 be assigned to maintain communication with those working within it and to aid them in an emergency. . I / <c> Welding, cutting or heating o metals of toxic significance. (1) Weld- Ing, cutting or heating In any enclosed Heating spaces a.board the vessel involving the metals specified in this subparagraph 0 1n1e :.C.Y-'-napn,r ""' shall be performed with either general have been taken: ~ mechanical or loce.l exhaust ventilation <D The use of chlori}:.i;.c?d solv meetlng the requirements of para.graph shall be kept at least two hundred < (a) of this section. !eet from the exposed arc, e.nd surf (1) Zinc-bearing base or filler metals prepared with chlorine.ted solvents 1 or metals coated with zinc-bearing ma- al teri s. (II) Lead base metals. <UD Cadmium-bearing filler mate- be thoroughly dry before welding ls mltted on such surfaces. (ii) Helpers and other employee the area not protected from the ar screening as provided In 11502.3 rials. shall be protected by filter lenses met (iv) Chromium.bearing metals or metals coated with chromium-bearing materials. (2) Welding, cutting or heating 1n any enclosed spaces aboard the vessel Involving the metals speclfled in this subparagraph shall be performed with loce.l exhaust ventilation in accordance with the requirements of para.graph (e.) of tWs section or employees shall be protected by air line respirators 1n 0.C c.ordance with the requirements of 1502.82 Ca) . (1) Metals containing lead, other than as an impurity, or metals coated wtth lead-bearing materials. (ti) Ca.dro!um-beartng or cadmium coated base meta.ls. (i!i) Metals coe.ted with mercury- bearing mete.ls. Uv) Beryllium-containing base or flller metals. Because of its high toxtclty, work involving berylllum shall be done with both local exhaust ventilation and air line respire. tors. (3) Employees performing such opera- tions in the open air shall be protected by fll ter type respirators in accoTdance with the requirements of paragraphs Ca) and Cd) C2l (1v) o! 1502.82, except th(l.t employees performing such operations on berylUmn-contalnlng base or filler metals shall be protected by air line respirators in accordance with the requirements of 1502.82(al. (4) Other employees exposed to the same atmosphere as the welders or burners shall be protected In the same manner the requirements of 1502.81 (a) am When two or more welders are exi to each other's arc, filter lena goggl a suitable type meeting the requireD of 1502.81 (a) and (c) shall be under welding helmets or hand sl to protect the welder against fl.a.she: radiant energy when either the hl is lifted or the shield ls removeft. (111) Welders and other employeei are exposed to radiation shall be su! protected so that the sk.in 1s co completely to prevent burns and damage by ultra.violet rays. We helmets and hand shtelds shall be of leaks and openings, and free of 11 reflective sur!'hces, Uv} When 1nert-ge.s metal-arc Ing is being performed on stainless the requirements of para.graph (c) < this section shall be met to pi against dangerous concentratlo11 nitrogen dioxide. <el General welding, CtLtting and tng. Cl) Welding, cutting and hE not involving conditions or me.teria scribed In paragraphs (b), Cc} or < this section may normally be done out mechanical ventilation or resp!r protective equipment, but where, be of unusual physical or atmospheric dltions, an unsafe accumulation ol taminants exists, suite.ble mech1 ventilation or respiratory prot equipment she.11 be provided. (2) Employees performing a,ny t: welding, cutting or heating shall b, tected by suite.ble eye protective i ment 1n accordance with the re as the welder or burner. ments of 1502.81 (a) and Cc>. (d) Inert-gas metal-arc welding. Cl) Since the inert-gas metal-arc welding (29 F.R. 4029, Mar. 27, 1904; 29 F.R May 8, 1964, as amended e.t 32 F .R. process involves the production of ultra- Oct. 10, 1967} violet ra.dlatlon of intensities of 5 to 30 times that produced during shielded mete.I-arc welding, the decomposition of chlorinated solvents by ultra.violet rays, 1502.32 Fire prevention,' Ca) When practical, objects welded. cut or heated shall be mo and the liberation of toxtc fumes' and gases, employees shall not be permitted to engage in, or be exposed to the process until the !ollowlng special precautions 1 46 CFR 146.02-20 contains Coast regulations pertaining to welding and 1 wh1le exploeives and de.ngerou11 carg, helng handled. 9 , Title '.29-Chapter XIII lrcult. Electrodes s~,~ not be struck galnst a cylinder oo strike an arc. (3) -Fuel gas cylinders shall be placed devices which a.re equipped with shut-oft valves wt thou t reducing the pressu e through a suitable regulator attach!d vlth valve end up whenever they are In 1se. They shall not be placed In a ocatlon where they would be subject oo )pen flame, hot metal, or other sources oo the cylinder valve or manifold. (4) Before a regulator ls removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve shall always be closed and the gas released of artificial heat. from the regulaoor. (4) Cylinders containing oxygen or acetylene or other fuel gas shall not be taken lnto confined spaces. (c) Treatment of cylinders. (1) Cyl- lnders, whether full or empty, shall not be used as rollers or supports. (2) No person other than the gas supplier shall attempt to mix gases ln a cylinder. No one except the owner of the cylinder or person authorized by him shall refill a cylinder. No one shall use a cylinder's contents for purposes other than those intended by the supplier. Only cylinders bearing Interstate Commerce Commission ldentl- ficatlun and Inspection markings shall be used. (5) lf, when the valve on a. fuel gas cyllnder ls opened, there ls found to be a leak a.round the valve stem, the valve shall be closed and the gland nut tlghtened. I! this action does not stop the leak. the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued, and lt shall be properly tagied and removed from the vessel. In the event that fuel gas should leak from the cylinder valve rather than from the valve stem and the gas cannot be shut of!, the cylinder shall be properly tagged and removed frorn the vessel. U a regulator attached to a cylinder valve wlll effectively stop a leak through the valve seat, the cylinder need not be removed from the vessel. (3) No damaged or defective cylinder shall be used. (6) If a leak should develop at a fuse plug or other safety device, the cylinder /d) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly instruct employees in the safe use of fuel gas, as follows: ( 1) Before connecting a regulator to a cyllnder valve, the valve shnll be opened sllg1tly and closed Immediately. (This action is genernlly termed "era.eking" shall be removed from the vessel. ~e> FtLel gas and oxygen manifolds. <l, Fuel gas and oxygen ma.nliolds shall benr the name of the substance they con- tnin in letters at least one (1) Inch high which shall be either painted on the manifold or on a sign permanently at- and is intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter the regulaoor). The person era.eking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet not ln front of it. The valve of a fuei gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the ga..s would reach welding work tac<h2e) dFtuoeilt. gas , and oxygen manifolds shall be plaeed In safe and accessible locations in the open air. TheY shall not be located within enclosed spaces. <3? Manifold hose connections, in- eluding both ends of the supply hose that sparks, flame or other possible sources of ignition. lead to the manifold, shall be such that the hose cannot be interchanged between (2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent damage to the regulator. To permit quick closing valves on fuel &BS cylinders shall noi fuel gas and oxygen manifolds and supply header connections. Adapters shall not be used to permit the interchange of hose. Hose connections shall be kept free be opened more than 1 turns. When a. special wrench is required, It shall be left In position on the 1?tem of the vt1.lve whlle the cylinder ls in 'JSe so that the fuel gas flow can be shut off quickly ln case of an emergency. In the case of manifolded or coupled cyllnders, at lea.st one such wrench shall always be a.vanable for unmed!ate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cyllnder, when in use, which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve. (3) FUel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or other o f lg4r)e ase a Whe n n d oil. not ln use, manifold and header hose connections shall be capped. (5) Nothing shall be placed on top of a manifold, when In use. which wUl damage the manifold or Interfere with the quick closing of the valves. (f) Hose. <1) Fuel gas hose and o:cy- gen hose shall be easily distlngUlshable frorn ea.ch other. The contra.st may be made by dlfierent colors or by $Urfa.ce cha.ra.cteristlcs readily distinguishable by the sense of touch. Oxygen and fuel gas hoses shall not be interchangeable A single hose having more than one gas 12 Title 29-Chapter XIII passage, a wa.11 !allure of which would permit the flow o! one gas lnto the other gas passage shall not be used. (2) Whe~ parallel sectlons of oxygen and fuel gas hose a.re taped together' not more than 4 Inches out of 8 lnche"s lated against the max'W1 vol countered to ground. ' (b) Welding cables and cor Cl) All arc welding and cuttin shall be o! the completely 11: fiexlble type, capable of hand, shall be covered bY tape. (3) All hose carrying acetylene, oxygen, natural or manufactured fuel gas, or any gas or substance which may Ignite or enter into combustl9n or be In any way harmful to employees, shall be inspected at the beginning o! each shlit. Defective hose shall be removed from service. (4) Hose which has been subjected to flashback or which shows evidence of severe wear or damage shall be tested to twice the normal pressure to which it is subject, but in no case less tban two hundred (200) psi. Defective hose or hose in doubtful condltlon shall not be used. (5) Hose couplings shall be o! the type that cannot be unlocked or disconnected by means of a stralght pull without rota!'Y motion. (6) Boxes used for the stowage of gM hose shall be ventilated. (g) Torches. (1) Clogged torch tip openings shall be cleaned with suitable cleaning wires, drllls or other devices designed for such purpose. C2) Torches shnll be Inspected at the beginning of each shift for leaking shutoff valves, hose couplings, and tip connections. Defective torches shall not be maximum current requ!remenu work ln progress, ta.king into ace, duty cycle under which the a.re or cutter 1s working. (2) Only cable free .from r, splices for a mln1m.um distanc, (lOl feet from the cable end t the electrode holder 1B oonnect be used, except that cables wttl a.rd Insulated connectors or wit whose insulating quality 1s equa. of the cable are permitted. (3) When it becomes nece1 connect or splice lengths of cab another, substantial in.Sulated tors o! a ca.pa.clty at lea.st equl that of the cable shall be used. nections are effected by means lugs, they shall be securely together to give good electrical and the exposed metal parts of shall be completely insulated. (4) Cables in poor repair shs used. When a cable, other I cable lead referred to 1n subp1 C2> of this paragraph, becomes the extent of exposing bare co1 the portion tbua exposed shall tected by meaha of rubber anc tapes or other equivalent insul Cc) Ground returns and groundin17. (1) A ground rett used. (3) Torches shall be lighted by _frlc- tlon lighters or other approved devices, and not by matches or from hot work. Ch) Pressure regulators. Oxygen and fuel gas pressure regulators 1nclud.1ng their related gauges shall be 1n proper working order whlle 1n use. {29 F.R. 4028, Ma.r. 27, 1964; 29 F.R. 6089, Me.y a, 1964, as amended a.t 32 F.R. 14048, Oct. io, 18671 1502.36 Arc welding and cutting. shall have a safe current can paclty equal to or exceeding the maximum output capacity of welding or cutting unit which tt When a single ground return ce lees more than one unit Its saf carrying capacity shall 'equal c the total SJ)eclfled maximum capa.clties of all the units whlcl lees. (2) Structures or pipe line! pipe lines conta.tntng gases or fl (a) Manual electrode h.oldera. (1) only manual electrode holders whlcb are speciflca.lly designed for e.rc welding and cutting and are of a cape.city capable of safely handling the maximum rated current requ1red by tbe electrodea shall be used. liqulds or conduits containing clrcults, may be used as par ground return circuit, provided plpe or structure has a current capacity equal to that required parngre.ph (1) of this PI\I'agra1 (3) When a. structure or PII C2) Any current carrying parts pass-1ng through the portion of the holder which the a.re welder or cutter grips ln his hand, and the outer surfaces of the jaws of the holder, shall be fully lnsu- employed as a ground retun lt shall be determined that the electrical contact exists at a The generation of an arc, sPark at any point shall cause reject!, .~c.:, ~1-u..1.d, __ -~'-' .. <>Uci ol not less than llo x 2:i;, inch lumber. <4) Trestle ladders a.nd base sectlons of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the sp1ead of the trestle e.t the bottom. inside !o inside, shall be not less than 5 inches per foot of the length o! the ladder. (5) The width between the side ralls a.t the bottom of the trestle ladder or of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be not less than 21 inches for all ladders and sections 6 feet or less in length. For longer lengths of ladder the width shall be increased at least l inch for each additional foot of length. The width between the side rails of the extension section of the trestle ladder shall be not less than 12 inches. (6) In order to limit spreading, the top ends of the side ralls of both the trestle ladder and of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be bev- eled, or of equivalent constructlon, and shall be provided with a metal hinge. (7} A metal spreader or locking devic to hold the front and back sections In an open position, and to hold the extension section securely in the elevated position, shall be a comPonent of each trestle ladder or extension trestle ladder. <S) Rungs shall be parallel and level. On the trestle ladder, or on the base sec~ tJon of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than 8 jnches nor more than 18 inches apart; on the extension section of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than 6 inches nor more than 12 inches apart. (9) Platform planking shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section, except that the width of the platform planking shall not exceed the distance between the st derails. (10) Backra.ils and toeboards shall be ln accordance wlth the requirements of paragraph (1) of this section. (el Painters' .suspC1l,clecl scaf]old,s, Cl) The supporting hooks ot swinging scaffolds shall be constructed to be equivalent in strength to mild steel or wrought lron, shall be forged with care, shall be not less than % inch in diameter, and shall be secured to a safe anchorage at all times. (2} The ropes supporting a swinging scaffold shall be equivalent in strength to flrst~grade % inch diameter manila rope properly rigged Into a set of stand- arc1 6 lnch blocks consisting of at least one double a.nd one single block. (3) Mo.nna. a.nd wire ropes shall be carefully examined before ea.ch opera- tion and thereafter as frequently as may be necessary to ensure their safe condition. c4) Each end of the scaffold platform shaU be supported by a wrought iron or mild steel stirrup or banger, which in turn is supported by the suspension ropes. (5) Stirrups shall be constructed so a.s to be equivalent in strength to wrought lron % inch ln diameter, (6J The stirrups shall be formed with a horlzonta.l bottom member to support the platform, shall be provided with means t.o support the guardrail and mid- ro.il a.nd shall have a loop or eye at the top for securing the supporting hook on the block. , (7) Two or more swinging scaffolds shall not at any tlme be combined into one by bridging the distance between them with planks or any other form of platform. (8) No more than two men shall be permitted to work at one time on a swinglng scaffold built to the mln1mum specifications contained in this para- graph. Where heavier construction is used, the number of men permitted to work on the scaffold shall be determined by the size a.nd the safe working load of the.scaffold. (9) Backralls and toeboards shall be of ln accordance with the requirements of paragraph {i} this section. 00) The swinging scaffold platform shall be one of the three types described in subpara.gra.phs (11). <12) and (13} of thls paragraph. (11) The ladder-type platform con- sists o! boards llJ)On a horizontal ladderlike structure, referred to herein a.s the ladder, the side rails of which are para.I- le!. If this type of platform ls used tht:1 following requirements shall be met: m The wldth between the side rails shall be no more than 20 inches. <m The side mils of ladders ln ladder- type platforms shall be equivalent in strength to a beam of clear straight-- grained spruce of the dimensions con- tained in Table ~ in 1502.68. CiiD The side rami shall be tled to- gether with tie rods. The tie rods shall be not, less than o inch in diameter, located no more than 5 feet apart1 pass through the ralls, and be riveted up' tight against washers nt botl1 ends. <iv) The rungs shall be of straight- 16 1me ..t'f-\.t'lapter XII\ f'."\ grained oak, ash, or hickory, not tess than on centers. \.., 1 1 inches d.tameter, with % inch tenons mortised tnto the side rails not less than inch and shall be spaced no more than 18 lnches on centers. , <v) Flooring strips shall be spa.ced no more than % inch apart except at the side rails where I Inch spacing is per- mlssibl ' (vi) ~oaring strips shall be cleated on their undersides. (12) The plank-type platform con- sists of planks supported on the stirrups or hangers. If this type of platform is t: used the following requirements shall be m e (1) The planks 01 Plank~type plat- forms shall be o! not less than 2 x 10 Inch C'Vi) The platform sha, than 24 inches wide. Cvli) '{he platform sh.a.,1 boards inch in thlckn than 6 inches in width, . together, and extendlng ,. face of (viii) tTh eh es ternl ndiseor sr .a l l \ pl, shall rest on the top of th\ shall be securely nalled, a.r\ mediate Points in the leng1\ form Shall there be any c~ (!) Horse scaffolds. (l} 1: ditnensions of lumber use<, struction of horses shall be l, with Table E-3 1n I 1502.61 (2) Horses constructed other tha.n llllllber shall lumber. (il)" The ple.tfot?" shall be no more than .,,4 inches 1n width. (ill) The planks shall be tled together by cleats ot not less than l x 6 inch lumber, nailed on their undersides a.t intervals of not more than 4 feet. Civ) The plan.ks shall extend not l~s than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches beyond the supporting stirrups. strength rigidity and seem of horses constructed of lu (3) The lateral spread o! t be equal to not less than < the height of the horse. (4) AU horses shall be kepi pa.Ir, and shall be properly se used in staging or in locat they may be insecure. (5) Pla.t!orm planking sha Cv) A cleat shall be nailed across the platform on the underside a.t each end outside the stirrup to prevent the platform from slipping oft the stirrup. <vi> Stirrup supports shall be not more than 10 feet apart. 03 > The beam-type platform consists of longltudina.l s!de stringers with cross beams set on edge and spaced not more than 4 !eet a.part on which lonrntudlnal platform planks a.re laid. If this type platform ls used the following requirements shall be met: m The side stringers shall be of sound, straight-grained lumber, free from knots, and of not le.ss than 2 x a lnchlumber,setonedge, <m The stringers sha.11 be supp0rted on the stirrups with a clear span between stirrups of not more than 16 !eet. (Ill) The stringers shall be bolted to the stirrups by U-bolts passln.g around the stirrups and bolted through the stringers with nuts drawn up t1ght on the inside face. Jlv) The ends of the stringers shall extend beyond the st1rrups not less than corda.nce with the requlreme2 graph Ch) of this section. (6) Ba.ck.rails and toebosrd accordance with paragraph section. (g) Other types of sea Scaffolds of a type for whict tlons are not contained In t shall m~t the general reqU1 pare.g-raphs Ca), tlon, she.ll. be in <h) and (i) accordance ~ , niied principles of design a.r constructed in accordance wit standru-ds covering such equl1 <h) ScatJold or r,latform <1> Except as otherwise .Pl para.graph <el <11> end Cl. sectfon. Platform planking ~ not less than 2 x 10 Inch lum. form planking &ha.U be stra.fg and free from _la.rge or loose may be either rough or dressE (2) Platforms o! staging sl less than two 10 inch plank: tehxecevpets..icn;elsuocrh tchaese.ws Jadsththoefsl ladders mB.k.e lt impossible such a. width. 6 Inches nor more than 12 inches at ee.ch end o! the Platform. Cv) The plat!orm shall be supported on cross beams of 2 x 6 inch lumber between the side strlngera securely nailed thereto and spaced not more than 4, !eet (3) Platform plank.Ing shi beyond the supporting membe1 end by at le!l.St 8 inches but J shall proJect more than 12 foe the planks are !astened to. the 1 memben. fr,:tU ~? litle 29-Chapter XIII structure as a ground circufl:., (4) Wben a structure or pipe line l.!! continuously employed as a ground return circuit, all joints shall be bonded, and periodic lnspect1oDB shall be conducted to eDBure that no condition o! electrolysis or fire ho.zard exists by vir- ties involving the use of an exposure to sources or tonl.zlng radlntlon not only on conventionally powered but also on nuclear powered vessels, the applicable provisions o! the Atomic Energy Commls~ ston's Standards for Protection Against Rad1Rtlon (10 CFR Part 20), relating to protection against occupntional radia- tue of such use. <5) The frames o! all a.re welding and tion exposure, shall 11,pply. Cb) Any activity which involves the cutting machines shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductor or through a separate wire which 1B use o! radioactive material, whether or not under license from the A toml.c Energy Commission, shall be performed by competent persons specially trained in groundrd at the source o! the current. Grounding circuits, other than by means the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case o! materials of the vessel's structure, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conduc- used under Commission license, only persons actually licensed, or competent persons under c:llrectlon and supervision of tor has resistance low enough to permit the licensee, shall perform such work. sufficient current to flow to ca.use the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt tbe current. (6) All ground connect!ons shall be inspected to ensure that they are me- -chanicnlly strong and electrically adequate for the required current. Cd) Operating instructions. Employ-ers sho.11 instruct employees in the safe mee.ns of arc wcld1ng and cutting e.s tollows: ( l) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall be removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected that they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects. (2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped !n water, since to do so may expose the arc welder or cutter to electric shock. (3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to leave hls work or to stop work !or any appreciable length o! time, or when the arc welding or cutting machine ls to be moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened. (4.> MY faulty or defective equipment shell be reported to the supervisor. (e) Shieldtnc,. Whenever practicable, 811 arc welding and cutting operations Ehell be shielded by noncombustible or flame-proof screens which wlll protect employees and other persons working in the vicinity from the direct rays or the a.re. [29 F.R. 4.020, Me.r, 27, 1964; 29 P.R. 6089, :Me.y 8, 1984, as amended at 32 F.R. 14048, Oct. 10, 1067] 1502.37 U11es of fissionable mntcrinl in Subpart E-Sccffolds, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces 1502.41 Scaffolds or stnging. (a) General requirements, (1) All scaffolds and their supports, whether of lumber, steel or other material, shall be capable of supporting the load they are designed to carry with a safety factor of not less than four (4). (2) All lumber used in the construction of scn.ffolds shall be spruce, fir, long leaf yellow pine, Oregon pine or wcod o! equal strength. ,The use of hemlock, short leaf yellow pine or short fiber lumber is prohitlted. (3) Lumber dimensions as 'given in thl.c; subpart are nominal except where given ln fractionG of an Jnch. (4) All lumber used in the construction of scaffolds shall be sound, stralghtgrnlned, free from cross grain, shakes and large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be tree from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other defects which impair its strength or durab!Uty. (51 Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe and secure condition. Any com~ ponent of the scaffold which is broken, burned or otherwise defective shall be replaced. (6l Barrels, boxes, cans, loose bricks, or other unstable objects sho,11 not be used as working platforms or !or the support of planking intended as scaffolds or working platforms. <7} No sca!Jolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under the supervi1:1on of competent perso11B. (8l No welding, burning, riveting or shipbuilding. open flame work shall be performed on (a.) In shlpbulldlng and related actlvl- any staging suspended by means of fiber 1 IIIC A7-'-11Ut-'ll::I ,l"\.111 rope. - (9) Lifting bridles on working plat- forms suspended from cranes shall con- slst of four legs so attached that the stabllity o! the platform is assured. in accordance with the ~er paragraph m o! thls sel'..:~:::n. Cc) Independent pole metal s {ll Metal scattold members 1 maintained in good repair and (10) Unless the crane hook has a safety latch or is moused, the lifting bridles on working platforms suspended from cranes shall be attached by shackles to the lower li!tlng block or other positive rne1:ms: shall be taken to prevent them from becoming accidentally disengaged from the crane hook. (b) Independent pole wood scaffolds. {lJ All pole uprights shall be set plumb. Poles shall rest on a foundation o! sum.- cient si:ze and strength to distribute the load and to prevent displacement. (2) In light-duty scaffolds not more than 24 feet ln height, poles may be spliced by overlapping the ends not less than 4 feet anci securely na.illng them tog-ether. A substantial cleat shall be nailed to the lower section to !orm a support for the upper section except when bolted connections a.re used. (3) All other poles to be spliced shall be squared at the ends of each splice, a.butted, and rigidly fastened together by not less than two cleats securely nailed or bolted thereto. Each cleat shall overlap each pole end by at lea.st 24 inches anc! shall have a width eQual to the face of the pole to which it Is attached. The combined cross sectlona.! &rea of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the pole. (4) Ledgers shall extend over two consecutive pole spaces and shall overlap the poles at each end by not less than 4 inches. They shall be left in position to brace the poles as the plat- form ls raised with the progress of the work. Ledgers shall be level and shall be securely nailed or bolted to each pole and shall be placed against the inside face of each pole. (5) All bearers shall be set with their greater dimension vertical and shall extentl beyond the Jedgers upon which they rest. (6) Diagonal bracing shall be provided between the parallel poles, and cross brncing shall be provided between the Inner and outer poles or from the outer poles to the ground. (7) Minimum dimensions and spacing of members shall be in accordance with Table E-1 in 1502.68. (8) Platform planking shall be In accordance with the requirements of pa.ragraph Ch) o! this section. <9> BackraUs and toeboards shall be corrosion. (2) All vertlcnl and horlzontE bers shall be fastened together coupler or locking device which~ a positive connection. The locl vice she.11 be of a type which loose pa.rts. ' (3) Posts shall be kept plum\ erection and the scaffold shall sequently kept plumb and rigid b o! adequate bre.elng, C4> Posts shall be fitted wit supported on a firm foundation tribute the load. When wooden used, the bases shall be fastened (5) Bearers shall be located at o! Posts. at each level, and at eac mediate level where working pl are installed. (6) Tubular bracing shall be both lengthwise and crosswise quired. {7) Pla.tform planking shall accordance with the requirem paragraph Ch) or this section. {8> Backralls and t.oeboards : in accordance with the requiren paragraph m of this section. Cd) Wood trestle and extens!oi ladders. Cl) The use of trestle or extension sections or b!l.se sec extension trestle ladders longer feet is prohibited. The total h, base and extension may, howE more than 20 feet. (2) The minlmwn dimensions side rails of the trestle ladder, base sections o! the extension ladder, shall be as follows: (i) Ladders up to and includin 16 feet long shall have side rails less than llo x 2:1/4 inch lumber. (ii) Ladders over 16 feet long to and including those 20 feet lor have side rafls of not less than J inch lumber. (3) The side rails o! the ex section of the extension trestle shall be parallel nnd shall have mi dimensions as follows: m Ladders up to and including lor_ig shall have side rails o! not le: llo x 2 inch lumber. (lD Ladders over 12 feet long : to and Including those 16 feet Ion have side rails o! not less than l inch lumber. (ill) Ladders over 16 feet long , i:: (~ Title 29-Chapter XIII (4.) ':fable E-4 in 1502.68 shall be used ~-" a guide in determining safe loads for scaffold planks. CD Back.rails and toeboards. Cl) Scatiold.1ng, staging, runways, or work- ing platforms which are supported or suspended more than 5 feet above a solid surface, or at any distance above the water, shall be provided withe. railing which has e. top rail whose upper sur- face is from 42 to 45 inches above the upper surfa.ce of the staging, platform, or runwe.y and e. tnidra1l located hallway between the upper ran and the ste.g- lr:.1:;, ple.tform, or runway. r21 Rails she.ll be of 2 x 4 inch lumber, flat bar or pipe. When used with rigid supports, taut wire or fiber rope of adequate strength may be used. If the d.istance between supports is more than 8 feet, rails she.11 be equivalent ln strength to 2 x 4 inch lumber. Rails shall be flrmlY secured. Where exposed to hot work or chemicals, fiber rope rails shall not be used. (3) Rails may be omitted where the structure of the vessel prevents their use. When rails are otnitted employees working more than 5 feet above solid surfaces &hall be protected by safety belts and life lines meeting the requirements of 1502.84(b), and employees working over water shall be protected by buoyant work vests meeting the requirements of 1502.84.(a), (4) Employees working from swinging scaffolds which are triced out of a vertical line below their supports or from scaffolds on paint floe.ts subject to surging, shall be protected a.gain.st falling toward the vessel by a ralling or a safety belt and Une attached to the backra.11. (5) When necessary, to prevent tools and me.terlals from fa.lllng on men below, toeboards of not less than 1 x 4 inch lumber shall be provided. CJ) Access to stag!ng. (1) Access from below to staging more than 5 feet above a floor, deck or the ground shall consist of well secured stairways, cleated ramps, fuced or portable ladders meetIng the applicable requJ.rements of 1502.42 or rigid type non-collapsible trestles with parallel and level rungs. (2) Ramps and stairways shall be pro- vided with 36-inch handraUs w~th mldrails. (3l Le.dders shall be so located or other means shall be te.ken so that It 1B not necessary for employees to step more than one foot from the ladder to any intermediate lanctlng or plat.form. (4) Ladders ronnlng Integral parts of prefabricated staging are deemed to meet the requirements or these regulatlon.s. (5) Access from e.bove to staging more than 3 feet below the Point of access shall consist or a straight, portable ladder meetl.ng the applicable requirements of 1502.42 or a Jacob's ladder properly secured, meeting the requirements of 1502.44(dl. {29 F.R. 4028, Ma.r. 27, 1964; 29 F .R. 8089, May 81 1964, as amended e.t S2 P'.R. 14048, Oct. 10, 19671 1502.42 Ladder!!. (a) General requirements. (1) The use of ladders with broken or missing rungs or steps, broken or split side rails, or other faulty or defective construction 1s prohibited. When ladders with such defects are discovered, they shall be immediately withdrawn !rom service. In- spection of metal ladders shall Include checking for corrosion of interiors of open end, hollow rungs. (2) When sections of ladders a.re spliced. the ends shall ]:le a.butted, and not fewer the.n 2 cleats sha.ll be securely nailed or bolted to each rail. The com- bined cross sectional area. of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the side rail. The dimensions ef sl.de rails for their 'total length shall be those specilled 1n paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section. . (3) Portable ladders shall be lashed, blocked or otherwise secured to prevent their being displaced The side ro.11s or ladders used for access to any level shall extend not less the.n 36 inches above that level. When this ls not practical, grab rans which will provide a secure grip for an employee moving t.o or from the point of access shall be installed. C4> Portable metal ladders shall be of strength equivalent t.o that of wood ladders. Manufactured portable metal ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with the provisions or the Unltec! States of America Standard Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders, Al4.2. (5) Portable metal ladders shall not be used near electrical conductors nor for electric arc welding operations. <6) Manufactured portable I wood ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with the provisions of the United Ste.tea of America. Standard So.fety Code for Portable Wood Ladders, A14.l Title 29--Chapter XIII cm ~ Cb) Construction of portable wood cleated ladders up to 30 feet in length. CD Wood side rails shall be made !rom West Coast hemlock, Eastern spruce, Sitka spruce, or wood of equivalent strength. Material shall be seasoned, straight-grained wood. and free from shakes, checks, decay or other defects which wlll impair its strength. The use Cleats shall be 't,U of riot less 1 x 4 inch lumber. (Hi) Cleats shall be nalled to encl with five 10d common wire nal fastened with through bolts or , fastenings o! equiValent strength. 120 F.R. 4028, Mar, 27, 1864; 29 F.R. May 8, 1964, Ill! amended a.t 32 F.R. Oct. 10, 1967] of low density woods is prohibited. <2> Side rails shall be dressed on all sides, and kept free of spllnters. (3) All knots shall be sound and hard. The use of material containing loose knots ls prohibited. Knots shall not appear on the narrow face of the rail and, when 1n the side face, shall be not more than inch in diameter or wlthin Inch of the edge of the rail or nearer than 3 inches to a tread or rung. (4) Pitch pockets not exceeding % inch in width, 2 inches in length and Inch in depth are permissible ln wood side 1502.43 Guarding ol deck ope and edges. (a) When employees are workh the Vicinity of flush manholes and 1 small openings of comparable size ll deck. and other working surfaces, openings shall be suitably covere guarded to a height of not less 30 inches, except where the use or guards Is made impracticable by the actually Jn progress. (b) When employees a.re wo1 around open batches not protecte rails, provided that not more than one such pocket appears in each 4 feet or length. (5) The width between side re.Us at the base shall be not less than 11 %? Inches for ladders 10 feet or less in length. For longer ladders this width shall be increased at least 1/ inch for each additional 2 feet of length. coam1ngs to a height of 24 incht around other large openings, the of the opening shall be guarded ir working area to a height of 36 t Inches, except where the use of guards ls made impracticable by work actually 1n progress. (c) When employees are expose unguarded edges of decks, platfc (6) Side rails shall be at least 1% x 3% inches in cross section. (7) Cleats (meanlng rungs rectangular flats, and slm!lar flat surfaces, more 5 feet above a solid surface, the shall be guarded by adequate guard in cross section with the wide dimension parallel to the rails) shall be of the material used for side rans, stralght- meeting the requirements of 1502.' (1) and (2), unless the nature of the, in Progress or the physical cond.11 gra1ned and free from knots. Cleats shall be mortised into the edges o! the prohibit the use or installation of guardrails. side rails If.? inch, or filler blocks shall be (d) When employees arc working used on the rails between the cleats. the unguarded edges of decks of ve The cleats shall be secured to each rail afloat, they shall be protected by buo with three 10d common wire nails or work vests, meeting the requiremen1 faste11ed with through bolts or other 1502.84(a). fasteners o! equlvalent strength. Cleats (e) Section or bilges in which l shall be uniformly spaced not more than plates or gratings have not belm lnstc 12 Inches a.part. shall be guarded by guardrails ex <8) Cleats 20 lnches or less in length shall be at least 2%2 x 3 inches in cross section. Cleats over 20 Inches but not more than 30 inches in length shall be at least 2f>h x 33/4 inches in cross section. Ccl Construction of Portable wood cleated ladders from 30 to 50 feet in length. (1) Ladders from 30 to 60 !eet In Je11gth shall be in accordance with the specifications of paragraph Cb> of this section with the following exceptions: (1) Ralls shall be of not less than 2 x 6 inch lumber. where they would interfere with the '\l in progress. I! these open sections ar a walkway at least. two 10-lnch pl! placed side by side, or equivalent, she.. laid a.cross the opening to provide a walking surface. (!) Ora.tings, walkways, and catwi In which sections of gratings and lad, have not been installed shall be be caded with adequate guardrails. [29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964; 2g F.R. ( May B, 1964, Ill! 11mendee1 at sa p .R. 1i Oct. 10, 1987} 'a~r\.i~?' Title 29-Chapter XIII , 1502.44 Access to vesseb. (a) Access to vessels aff,oat. The employer shall not permit employees to bo::u-d or leave a:1y vessel, except a barge or river towboat, until the following re- quirements have been met: (1) Whenever practicable, a gangway of not less than 20 inches walklng .surface, of adequate strength, maintained !n safe repair and safely secured shall be used. If a gangway ls not practicable, a substantial straight ladder, extending at leBSt 36 tnches above the upper landing surface and adequately :;:ecured against shirting or slipping shall be provided. When conditions are such that neither a gangway nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's laddnr meeting the rectu,rements of para.graph (d) Cl> and (2) of this sect1on may be u.sed. (2) Ee.ch side of such gangway, and the turn table if used, shall have a railing with a minimum height of approximately 33 inches measured perpendicularly from rail to walking surface at the stanchion, with mid rail. Rails shall be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, or rope and shall be kept tat:.t at all times. (3) The gangway shall be kept prop- erly trimmed at all times. (4) When a. fixed tread accommoda- tton ladder Is used, and the angle is low enough to requtre employees to walk on the edge of the treads, cleated duckboards shall be laid over and secured to the ladder. (5) When the lower end of a gangway overhangs the water between the ship and the dock in such a manner tha.t there 1s danger of employees falling between the ship and the dock, a. net or other suitable protection shall be rigged at the foot of the gangway in such a manner as to prevent employees from falling from the end of the gangway. (6) lf the foot of the gang-way ls more than one foot a.":::i.y from the edge of the a.pron, the space between them .shu.11 be bridged by a tlnn wallcw11.y equipped with railings, with a minimum height of e.pproxlma.teJ.y 33 inches with mid rails on Inches in height shall be provided between the top of the bulwark and the deck. (9) Obstructions shall not be laid on or across the gangway. (10) Toe means of access shall be ade- quately illuminated for its full length. (11) Loads shall not be passed over the means of access while employees are onit. (b) Access to vessels tn drydock or bew tween vessels. Gangways meeting the requirements of paragraph <a) (1), (2), (8), (9) and <10) of this section :iha.11 be provided for access from wing wall to vessel or, when two or more vessels, other than barges or river towboats, are lying abreast, from one vessel to another. (c) Access to barges and river towboats. (1) Ramps !or access of vehicles to or between barges shall be of adequate strength, provided with side boards, well mainta.lned and properly secured. (2) Unless employees can step safely to or from the wharf, float,' barge, or river towboat, either a. re.mp 1n accordance witll the requirements of subparagraph Cl) of this paragraph or a safe walkway in accordance with the reqU1rements of po.re.graph -Ca) C'T) of this section shall be provided. When a. walkway is impracticable, a substantial ladder, extending at least 36 inches above the upper le.ncHng surface and adequately secured age.inst shifting or slipping shall be provided. When conditions are such that neither a walkway nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder in accordance with the requirements o! para.graph Cd) of this sec- tion may be used. (3) The means o! acceM shall be in accordance with the requtrements of paragraph Ca) (8), (9) and (10) of this section. (d) Jacob's ladders. (1) Ja.cob'a lad- ders shall be of the double rung or flat tread type. They shall be well me.ln- talned and properly secured. (2) A Jacob's ladder shall either hang without slack from its lashings or be both sides. (7) Supporting bridles shall be kept clear so as to permit unobstructed p~sage !or employees using the gangway. (8) When the upper end of the mean.11 of access rests on or flush with the top of the bulwark, substnntial stepe prQPerlY secured and equtpped with at least one substantial handrail approxnnatelY 33 pulled up entirely, 1502.45 , Accees to and guarding of dr:rdoclu! and marine railways. <al A gangway, re.mp or1permanent 15tairway of not les.s than 20 inches walking surface, of adequate strength. maintained ln ::afe repair and securely fastened, sha 1 be provl<ted between a. _,... ~ 1ltle "".,,_\.naprer .11.111 floating dry dock and the pier or bulkhead. (b) Ea.ch side of such gangway, ramp spaces do not meet the re1t\.irea subparagraph Cl) of thls pa1 When conditions are such that a or permanent stairway, including those ladder cannot be used, a. Jacob': which are used for access to wing wallis, meeting the requirements of 15( from dry dock floors, shall have a re.1Ung may be used. with a mid ran. such railings on gang- (4) Fixed ladders or straight ways or ramps shall be approximately provided for access to cargo spac 42 inches in height; and raiUngs on per- not be used at the same time th11 manent stairways shall be not less than ment, materials or other lo~ approximately 30 or more than approxi- entering or leaving the hold. mately 34 inches in height. Ralls shall using these ladders to enter or IE be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, or rope hold, the employee shall be req1 and shall be kept taut at all times. inform the wlnchma.n or thE Cc) Re.llings meeting the requlrements signalman of his Intention. of paragraph Cb) of this section shall (b) Confined spaces. (1) Mo be provided on the means of access to and from the floors of graving docks. Cd) Rail!ngs approximately 42 Inches in hei~ht, with a mld rail, shall be provided on the edges of wing walls of floating dry docks and on the edges of graving docks. Sections of tha rallings may be temporarily removed where necessary to permit line handllng while a vessel ls entering or leaving the dock. Ce) When employees are working on the floor of a floe.ting dry dock where they are exposed to the haze.rd of falling into the water, the end of the dry dock shall be equipped with portable stanchions and 42-inch ra1Ungs with a one means of access shall be pro, a confined space 1n which emplo: working and ln which the wo generate a hazardous e.tmospher, space except where the structun rangement of the vessel makes t1 vision impractical. (2) When the ventllatlng dt quired by these regulations mt through these means of access, t:t shall be of such a type a.nd so a as to Permit free passage to an e1 through at least two of these m access. 1502,47 Working surfoces. mid rail. When such a railing would be <a> When firebox floors presei impracticable or ineffective, other effec- ping hazards of exposed tubln1 tive means shall be prov:tded to prevent missing or removed refractory, st men from falllng into the water. planking to s.fford safe footing 1 (f) Access to wlngwe.Us from :floors of le.id whlle work 1s being carried or dry docks shall be by ramps, permanent the boiler. stairways or ladders meeting the appllce.- Cb) When employees are worklI ble requirements of 1502.42. or elsewhere at elevations more (g) Catwalks on stiles of marine rail- !eet above a solld surface, either s ways shall be no less than 20 inches wide and shall have on at least one side a guardrail and m.idrail meeting the requirements of 1502.41 Cl> (1) and (2). or a sloping ladder, meeting the J ments of this subpart, shall be afford saJe footing, or the employE be protected by safety beits and [29 F.R. 4002, Mar. 27, 1064; 29 F.R. 6089, May 9, 1964, a.s amended at 82 F.R. 14049, Oct. 10, 1967) meeting the requirements of 150 Employees visually restricted by 1 hoods, welding helmets, and 1 1502,46 Acce&s to cargo spaces and confined llpnces, Ca) Cargo spaces. U) There shall be at least one sB!e and accessible ladder 1n any oo.rgo space which employees must enter. (2) When any fixed ladder ls visibly unsafe, the employer shall prohibit its use by employ~. (3) Straight ladders of adequate strength and suitably secured against shifting or slipping shall be provided as necessary when fixed ladders in cargo goggles shall work from scaffol from ladders, except for the 1n11 final welding or burning opera start or complete a job, such as tl tion and dismantling of hung scaf or other similar. nonrepetitlve brief duration. cc} For work performed in re quarters, such as behind boilers between congested machinery ur piping, work platforms at least 2C wide meeting the requlreme 1502.41(h) (1) shallbe used. B. may be omitted 1! bulkhe\J.ding, ?1 1me .LY-'-nop1er Alli \ll" mo.chinery units, or piping afford proper protection age.inst falUng. (d) When emPloees are boarding, le[l.ving, or working from small boats or floats, they shall be protected by buoye.nt work vests meeting the requirements of 1502.84(a). [32 F.R. 1404.9, Oct. 10, li}67J Subpart F-General Working' Conditions i 1502.51 Housekeeping, (a) Good housekeeping conditions I shall be maintained at all tlmes. Ade- quate aisles cmd passagewo.ys shall be maintained in all work areas. All sta.g'.ng plat!o:rms, ramps, stairways, wll.lk.ways, aisles, and passageways on vessels or dry- docks shall be kept clear of oll tools, m.s.- terials, and equipment except that which is in use, and all debris such as welding rod tips, bolts, nuts, and shnJ.lar material. Hose and electric conductors shall be elevated o;er or placed under the walkway or working surfaces or covered by adequate crossover planks. (b) All working areas on vessels and dry docks shall be kept reasonably free of debris, and construction mater1o.1 shall be be so piled as not to present a hazard to employees. <c> Slippery conditions on walkways or working surfaces sholl be eliminated as they occur. (d) Free access shall be maintained at all times to all e:xlts and to all fire-alarm boxes or fire-extinguishing equipment. (e) All oils, paints, thinners, solvents, waste, rags, or other flammable substances shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers when not in use. [29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27. 1964; 29 F.R. 6089, May 9, 1964, as a.mended nt 32 F.R. 14049, Oct. 10, 19671 1502.52 lllurnination, Ca) All means of access and walk.ways leading to working areas as well as the working areas themselves shall be adequately lllwninated. l Cb) TemporarY lights shall meet the following requirements: (1) Temporary lights shall be equipped with guards to prevent accidental contact with the bulb, except that guards are not required when the construction of the reflector is such that the bulb is deeply recessed. (2) Temporary llght.s shnll be equipped with heavy duty electric cords with connections and insulation mnl.ntalned In safe condition. Temporary lights shall not be suspended by their electric cords unless cords and lights are designed for this means of suspension. Splices which have insulation equal to that of the cable are permitted. <3) Cords shall be kept clear or working spaces and wnlkways or other locations in which they are readUy exposed to damage. Cc) Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of temporary lights !urn1shed by the employer shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of tne current. Grounding shall be 1n accordance with the requirements oi J.502.72lb). (d) Wh~re temporary lighting from sources outside the vessel ls the only means of illumination, portable emergency lighting equipment shall be available to provide illumination for se.:l:e movement of employees. Ce) Employees shall not be -perm.ltted to enter dark spaces without a suitable portable light. The use of matches and open flame lights ls prohlb i.ted. en Temporary lighting stringers or streamers shall be so arranged as to avoid overloading o! branch circuits. Each branch circuit shall be equipped with overcurrent protection of capacity not exceeding the rated current carrying capacity o! the cord used. [29 F.R. 4028, Mn.r. 27, 1964; ~9 F.R. 6089, May 8, 1964, as amended a.t 32 F.R. 14049, Oct. 10, 1067] 1502.53 Utilitie~. (~) Steam supply and hoses. (1) Prior to supplying a vessel with steam from a source outside the vessel, the employer shall install a. pressure gauge and a relief valve of proper size and cape.city o.t the point where the tem- porary steam hose joins the ,;essel's steam piping system or systems. The relief valve shall be set and capable o! relieving at a pressure not exceeding the safe working pressure of the vessel's system in !ts present condltion, and there shall be no means of Isolating the relle! valve from the system which it Protects. The pressure gauge and relief valve shall be located so as to be visible and readily accessible. I (2) Steam hose and fittings shall have a safety factor of not less than five (5). (3) When steam hose 1s hung in a bight or bights, the weight shall be re- IHI: ~~---....,~t--'\,,. .-\,11 lleved by apprapriate lines. The hose shall be protected agalnst chafing. (4) Steam hose shall be protected from damage and hose and temporary piping shall be so shielded where passing through normal work areas as to prevent:. accidental contact by employees. Cb) Electric power. (1) When the vessel is supplied with electric power from a source outside the vessel, the following precautions shall be taken prior to energizing the vessel's c1rcuits: m I! in dry dock, the vessel shall be adequately grounded. (11) The employer shall insure that an o! the vessel's circuits to be energized are in a. safe condition. cm> All clrcuit.5 to be energized shall be equipped with overcurrent protection of capacity not exceeding the rated current carrying ca.pa.city o! the cord used. (c) Infrared electrical heat lamps. (1) All infrared electrical heat lamps shall be equipped with guards that surround the lamps with the exception of the face, to mln1mize accidental contact with the lamps. [29 F.R. 4028, :Me.r. 27, 1964: 2? 'F.R. 6089, Ma.y 8, 1964, BB alllended at 32 l".R. 14049, Oct. 10, lll67l 1502.54 Work in confined or isolated spaces, When any work 1s performed 1na confined space, except as provided in 1502.3l<b) (3), or when an employee ls working alone 1n an isolated location, !rcquent checks shall be made to ensure the sa!ety of the employees. 1502.55 -Work on or in the vicinity of radar nnd radio. (a) No employees other than radar or re.dlo repairmen .shall be permitted to work on mast:;, king posts or other aloft areas unless the radar and radio are secured or otherwise made incapable o! radiation. In either everit, the radio and radar shall be appropriately tagged. Cb) Testing of radar or radio shall not be done untn the employer can schedule such tests at a. time when no work is in progress aloft or personnel can be cleared from the danger area. according to mtn1rnum safe distances established for and based on the type, model, and power of the equipment. l 502, 56 Work in or on lifebo11ts. , (a) Before employees are permitted to work in or on a lUeboat, either stowed or In a suspended position, ~ shall ensure that the boat',.:; independently of the releasing prevent the boat !rom falling accidental tripping o! the releas and movements of the davlt.s or c of a boat in chocks. Cb) Employees shall not be p, to remain in boats while the b being hoisted into final stowed (c) Employees shall not be p to work on the outboard side boa.ts stowed on their chocks w boats are secured by gripes or o secured to prevent them from 1 outboard. 1502.57 Health and ~anitutim ca) No chemical product, s1 solvent or preservative; no s material, such as cadmium or ziJ steel. or plastic material; and n material, such as welding fille which is a hazardous materiE the meaning of 1502.2(s), shal until the employer has ascerta potential fire, toxic, or react1vltl which are likely to encounter handling, application, or utili: such a material. Cb> In order to ascertain the as required by paragraph (a) section, the employer shall ol: following items of information v applicable to a spe<:i:flc produc ter!al to be used: (1) The name, address, and t number of the source of the lnf specified in this paragraph, p those of the manufacturer of th; or material (2) The trade name and syna a mixture of chemicals, a basic s material, or for a process mate the chemical name and s: chemical family, and formula fo chemical. (3) Chemical names of haza gredients, including, but not U those in mixtures, such as tho~ Faints, preservatives, and solvi alloys, metallic coatings, rule and their coatings or core flu UiD other liquids, solids, or gi abrasive materials). (4) An indication of the pe by weight or volume, which ea.cl ent of a mixture bears to the w ture, and of the threshold llmil each ingredient, ln appropriate 22 'B lf1::,,J \/if,atY title 29-Chapter XIII welds, defonnet1on and increase in length or stretcl1. (3) Interlink wear, not accompanied by stretch in excess of 5 percent. shall be noted and the cha.in removed from service when maximum allowable wear at any point of link. as indicated in Table G-9 in 1502.68 l1ns been reached.. (4) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, due to stretch, the increase in length of a. measured section exceeds five (5) percent; when a. link is bent, twisted or otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defective welds a.ppea.r. <5) All repairs to cha.ins shall be ma.de under qua.lifted supervision. Links or portions of the cha.in found to be defective es described in subparagraph (4) of tWs para.graph shall be replaced by links having proper dlmensions and made of material similar to that of the cha.in. Before repaired chains a.re returned to service, they shall be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer. (6) Wl'Ought iron chains in constant use shall be annealed or normalized a.t intervals not exceeding six months when recommended by the manufacturer. The cha.in manufacturer shall be consulted for recommendeci Procedures for annealing or normalizing. Alloy cha.ins shall never be annealed. (7) A load shall-not be lifted with a cha.in having a kink or knot in it. A cha.In shall not be shortened by bolting, wiring or knotting. 1502.63 Sl1acklee and hooke. (a.) Shackles. (1) Table 0-10 1n f 1502.68 shall be used to determine the safe working loads. of various sizes of shackles, except the.t higher safe working loads a.re permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a. safety factor of not less than five (5) 18 ma.inta.ined. (b) Hooks. Cl) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of spec1flc and identlflable hooks. All hooks for wh1ch no applicable manufacturer's recommendations a.re ava.Ue.ble shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shell maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests. (2) Loads she.11 be applied to the thront of the hook since loading the Point overstresses and bends or springs the hook. C3) Hooks shall be Inspected periodice.Uy to see that they have not been ben+ by overloading. Bent or sprung hook~ sha.11 not be used. 1502.64 Chain alls nnd pull-lifts. (a.) Chain falls and pull-lifts shall b, clearly marked to show the ca.pa.city e.n<. the capacity shali not be exceeded. (b) Chain fa.Us shall be regularly inspected to ensure that they a.re safe, particular attention being given to the lift chain, pinion, sheaves and hooks for distortion and wear.. Pull-lifts shall he regularly inspected to ensure that they are sale, particular a.ttentlon being given to the ratchet, pawl, cha.In and hooks for distortion and wear. (c) Straps, shackles, and the beam or overhead structure to which a cha.in fall or pull-lift is secured shall be of adequate strength to support the weight of load plus gear. The upper hook shall be moused or otherw1se secured a.ga.1nst coming free of its support. (d) Scaffolding shall not be used as a. point of attachment for lifting devices, such e.s tackles, cha.in falls, and pull-lifts unless the scaffolding ls specifically designed for that purpose. {W F.R. 4028, Me.r. 2'1, 1964; 29 F.R. 6089, May 8, 1964, as amended at S!.! F.R. 14049, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502.65 Hoisting and hauling equipment. (a) Derrick and cra.ne certification: Cl) Derricks and cranes which are Part of, or regularly placed a.boa.rd, barges, other vessels, or on wlngwa.lls of floating drydocks, and are used to transfer materials or equipment from or to a. vessel or drydock, shall be tested and certificated in accordance with the standards provided In Part 1505 of this chapter by persons accredited for that purpose. (2) Subparagraph Cl> of this pa.re.graph shall take efl'ect 180 days after the effective date of this amendment. (b) The moving parts of hoisting and hauling equipment shall be gUarded. <cl Mobile crawler or truck cranes used on a vessel: <1) The maximum manufacturer's rated safe worklnr.loe.ds for the various working re.dU of the boom and the maximum and minimum radii a.t which the boom may be safely used with and without outriggers shall be conspicuously posted near the controls anc 26 ~ Title 29-Chapter XIII shall be v!..slble to the opera.tor. A radius indicator shall be provided, (2) The posted safe worltlng loads of mobile crawler or truck cranes under the conditions of use shall not be exceeded. Cd> Accessible areas wltbin the swing radius of the outermost pa.rt of the body of a revolving derrick or crane either permanently or tempore.rilY mounted, shall be gUa.rded 1n such a. manner as to prevent e.n employee from being in such a position as ,o be struck by the crane or caught between the crane and fixed parts of the vessel or of the crane itself. Ce) Marine railways: Cl) The cradle or carriage on the marlne railway shall be positively blocked or secured when 1n the hauled Position to J)revent it from being a.ccldente.lly released. {32 F.R. 14049, Oct. 10, 19671 1502.66 Uee or gear. Cl) Loa.els (tools, equipment or materials) shall not be swung o pended over the heads of employeE CJ> Pieces of equipment or str susceptible to falling or d!Slodg shell be secured as ea.rly as possible Ck) An individual who is famllia the signal code in use shall be as to act a.s a slgne.lma.n when thE opera.tor cannot see the load beln1 died. Communications shall be m means or clear a.nd distinct vi5 e.ud!torY signals except that verb ne.ls shall not be permitted. m Pallets, when used, shall such material and construction maintained as to safelY suppo. carrY the loads being handled 011 (m) A section of hatch througt materials or equipment are being lowered, moved, or otherwise manually or by a. crane, wlnch, h <a> Loads shall be safely rigged before being hoisted. (b) Plates shell be handled on and off hulls by means of shackles whenever possible. Cllps or pads of ample size shall be welded to the plate to receive the shackle pins when there a.re no holes in the plate. When lt is not possible to make holes In or to weld pads to the plate, a.lllgator tongs, grab hooks, grab clamps derrick, shall be completely opern beam or pontoon left 1n place a, to an opening shall be sufflcientlY locked or otherwise secured to pr1 from being unsh1pped. <n> Hatches shall not be op closed while employees a.re in the of the he.tch below. Co> Before loads or empty lllt1 are raised, lowered, or swung, clE or screw clamps ma.y be used. In such cases special precautions shall be taken to keep employees from under such llft.s. (c) Ta.g lines she.ll be provided on loads 11.kely to swlng or to need gU.ida.nce. Cd) W'hen slings a.re secured to eyebolts, the s~s shall be so arranged, using spreaders if necessary, that the Pull ts within 20 degrees of the axlS of the bolt. Ce) Slings shall be padded by means sufficient advance ",1rnlng shall 1: to employees in the vicinity c operations. (p) At no time shall an empl, permitted to place hiinself 1n a ha position between a. swtnging loa< fuced object [118 P.R. 4028, Ma.r. 27, 1864: 29 P, May 8, 1964, &11 amA1nded at 8:1 Pl Oct. 10, 188'1} of wood blocks or other suitable material where they pass over sharp edges or corners of loads so as to prevent cutting orkJnking. Cf) Skips shall be ;rigged to be handled by not less then 3 legged bridles, and all legs shcill always be used When open end skips a.re used, means shall be taken to prevent the contents from fall- ing. (g) Loose ends of idle legs of slings In use shall be hung on the hook. Ch) Employees shall not be permitted to ride the book or the load. 1502.67 Quallficationa of oper Ca.> When ship's gear is used materials aboard, a. competent shall determine that the gear 18 I rigged that lt ls 1n safe condltl that it will not be overloe.ded by and weight of the lllt. (b) Only those employees whc stand the stgns, notices, and 01 -tnstructions, a.nd are famlll.e.r ~ signal code in use, shall be pem operate a crane, Winch, or othe operated hoisting apparatus. 27 W,.~I ~Gl Title 29-Chapter XIII <c> No employee known to have defective uncorrected eyesight or hearing, or to be su:fferlng from heart d.lsease, epilepsy, or simllar ailments which may suddenly incapacitate him, shall be per mitted to operate a crane, winch or other power operated hoisting apparatus. Cd) No minor under eighteen 08) Years of age shall be employed in occupations involving the operation of any power-driven hoisting apparatus or assisting in such operations by work such as hooking on, loading slings, rigging gear, etc. 1502.68 Tables. TABLE E-1 DIMENSIONS AND SP .ACING OF WOOD INDEPENDENT-POLE SCAFFOLD MEMBERS Structural Members Light duty {Up to 25 pounds per square foot) IIelgbt In feet IIeavy duty {25 to 75 pounds per square foot) Relgilt In feet 24 or less 24--40 40-00 24 or less 24-f0 41H!0 Poles or uprights (In Inches) . Bearers (in Inches)._. Ledgers (In 1n~hes) Stringers (not supporting bearers) (In Inches) . Braces (In Inches) ..,. Pole spaclng-Jong!tudl nally (Iii fee() . Polo spacing-transversely (in feet) ....... Ledger spsclng-vertlcall:, (In feet) .. 2 X 4........ 2 X6 2 X 6 1 :rtl 114...... 1--- 6mlu 7 3 x4or2r6 2 :r 6. 2 :i: 6_ l :r 6 l :i: 6.- .. 7 7mln 7 4 X 4. 2 :r 6 2 :i: 6 l r 8 l I 8 7 8 min 7 32 :Xr 8- 2 :r 8 1 I 6- 11 6 1. 6....... '--- 4 X 4 2 X8.. 2 I 8 11 6 11 6 1 10 . 4........ 4x8 2:00 2X8 116 l I 6 T 10 " TABLE E-2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR SIDE RAILS OF LADDERS Length (lu feet) 116~-----. 18 20. 24 Oro~ section (In Inches) At ends At centar lij X 2 1u12l-( l X3 l~x 3 Uh3 ltlltl13l-( 1:i:3 lj:p :r 4 Hi1tH TABLE E-a SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RORBEB Structural members Relgbt'ln reet Up tolO 10 to 16 16 ro 20 Legs Bearers or headens. Incho 214 216 Crossbraoos { 2oXr 4 lxB Longitudinal braces 214 I11elia 3x4 2:r8 } 2:r, 2 J:11 Incher 416 418 216 2 16 Title 29-Chapter XIII TABLE E"' BAFEOENTERLOADSFORSCAFFOLDPLANK OF 1,100 POUNDS FIBRE STREBB Lumber dimensIona In Inches . . -... - . -........... . - ........... - -... ... -... - - - Span In Feet A B A B A B ABA B ... ... ... ~ :s: :s: :s: :s: 0 0, 0 ... : i : i -::. 00 .. ~ ~ 16------ ............ 6 256 800 ~26 667 807 8 192 232 395 500 606 10 103 l!le 316 400 484 12. 128 155 263 333 404 H . 110 133 2Z6 281) 8,(6 11& }ij7 2ro 303 (.A)-Rough lumlll'r. (B)-Dreased lumber, ~ Circu111!erence 3/4 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2 .. 1/-4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 8-1/2 TABLE G-1 MAN ILA ROPE ' (In pounds or tons o! 2000 pounds) Diameter in Jnche11 1/4 5/16 ,3/8 7/16 15/32 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 l 1-1/16 l-l/8 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 2 2-1/8 Sini;le Leg cL 120 lba. 200 270 350 450 530 690 880 1080 1300 1540 1800 l .O Tc.a 1.2 1.35 1.5 1.8 2.2s 2.6 3.1 3.6 60 ~ 204 lbs. 346 467 605 775 915 1190 1520 1870 2250 2660 3120 1.7 Toaa 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.9 4.5 5,4 6.2 45o ~ 170 lbs. 282 380 493 635 798 973 1240 1520 1830 2170 2540 1.4 Tons 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.5 3,2 3.7 4.4 s.1 300 ~ 120 lb1 200 270 350 450 530 690 880 1080 1300 1540 1800 1.0 To 1.2 1.35 1.5 1,8 2,25 2.6 3,1 3,6 29 \.'I H1 1),.1 Title 29-Chapter XIII Title 29-Chapter XIII ~~, \ TA:BLEI 0--:1 JlATl!lD C.APACITIJ!IS FOR IMPROVED PLOW STEEL.,_ INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPJ!l CORE, WlRlll ROPE .AND WIRE RuPlll SLINGS (In ton11 of 2000 pound8) Rope Dia. Inches 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7 /8" 1" l - l / 8 11 SINGLE LEG vertical A B C A .59 1.3 2.3 3.6 5.1 6.9 9.0 11. 6xl9 CLASSIFICATION .56 1.2 2.2 3.4 4.9 6.6 8.5 10. .53 1.1 2.0 3.0 4.2 6.5 7.2 9.0 .44 .98 1.7 2.1 3.8 5.2 6.7 8.5 Choker B .42 .93 1.6 2.s 3.6 4.9 6.4 7.8 C .40 .86 1~5 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.4 6.8 1-1/4" 13. 1-3/8" 16. 1-1/2" 19. 1-3/4" 26. 2" 33. 2-1/4" 41. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 12. 10. 9.9 15. 13. 12. 17. 15. 14. 24. 20. 19. 30. 26. 25. 38. 33. 31. 9.2 11. 13. 18, 23. 29. 7.9 9.6 11. 15. 20. 25. (A) - Socket or Swaged Terminal attachment. (B) - Mechanical Sleeve attachment. (C) - Hand TUcked Splice attachment. Ropo Di:,.. lnchos 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" $/8" 3/4" 7/8'' l" 1-1/8'' TA!ll,11 .._"i "'Tt:1, C',\l',\l'ITH:S Hlf\ nrrno,>:n tr.on BTF.F:T~ l~D?:rl':llDlllfT Willi: lOP!! l:Ollt:, WJkt: KOl'tl 11u11a11 (ta ton or 2000 ~ad ) Vrttcl 4 8 T~O - LEG BRIDLE on BASlCET BITCH 60~ 30 t~I A B C A ii C A B C A D C l ,2 2.6 4.6 7.2 10. 14. 18, 23. 1,1 2.s 4,4 6.11 9,7 13, 17. :Zl 1.0 2.3 a.3.9 6,0 11, 14, 18. 6x19 CLASStrICATlON 1.0 :Z,3 4,0 8,2 8.9 12. I 5, 19, 8,4,97 :z. 1 3,8 5.9 11. 1s. 18, .s:z .2.0 :sJ..24 '7.3 9,11 12. 18, ,113 1,8 3.2 s.1 7, 2 9,8 13. 18, ,19 1,8 3.1 4,8 8,9 9,:S 12, 15, .75 1.6 2,1 4s.,e2 7,1 10, 13, .59 1.3 2,3 3,6 5.1 8 ,II 9,0 11, ,56 1.2 2.ll 3.4 e.4.9 8,11 10. ,53 1.1 2.0 3.0 C,2 .", 2s 9,0 1-1/4'' 26, 24. l-3/8" 32, 29, 1-1/2" :ia. 35, 1-3/4" $1, 47, 2" ti&, 61, 2-1/4" 83, 76, 6a37 CLASSIFICATlOK 21. :is. z2a3.. 30. 33, 41. 44. e5a3.. 57. 72. 21. 18, 19, 17, 25, n. 22. 21. :JO, 26, 27. 25, 41, lll. 38, 33, 53. 46, 47, 43, ea. 57, 118, $4, (A) - S<><:kftt or S1d Tcr1aal Attactmeat, (Bl - )lecbanical Sleeya Attchllat, (C) - Raftd Tucked ~pllc Attacl!Mnt, l<o.H-- 1.1s. 1:,. 18. 21, 111, 29, 28, 37, :13, CT, 411, 12. 10. 1$. 13, 17. 15, 24. 20. 30, 26, 38, 33, I I 1n ~,. Title 2.9-Chapter XIII Title 29-Chapter XIII ~ f;~'i':-.-'i1~.=t;-;~' ' T.AUU'l G-4 RATED CAPACITIER FOR IMl'ROVJ<:n PLOW RTF.F.T,. FIDER CORE, WIRE ROPE AND wmi, ROPE KU:-iOS (In tone ot 2000 pounds} Rope (lfa. Inches SINGLE LEG Vertical Choker A B C A B . C 1 /4 3/8 l/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 .55 1.2 2.1 3.3 4.8 6.4 8,4 10. 6xl9 CLASSIFICATION .51 1.1 2.0 3.1 4.4 5,9 7.7 9.5 .49 1.1 1.8 2.8 3.9 5,1 6.7 8,4 .41 .91 1.6 2.5 3,6 4.8 6,3 7.9 .38 .ss 1.5 2.3 3.3 4.5 5.8 7.l .37 .so ~-4 2.1 2.9 3.9 5,0 6.3 1-1/4 12. 1-3/B 15. 1-1/2 17. 1-3/4 24. 2 31. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 11. 9.8 9,2 13. 12. 11. 16. 14. 13. 21. 19. 18. 28. 25. 23. 8.3 10. 12. 16. 21. 7.4 8,9 10. 14. 18. (A) - socket or Swaged Terminal attachment. (B) - Mechanical Sleeve attachment. (C) - Hand Tucked Splice attachment. TAC\l,r: n-s 1urr:o CAl'At'ITtr.e 70R IMrnovr.11 rt.o\\' ~,r.r.1. rinr.R con,:, ~tnr. 11-,r,: ~1.1so, (la t-,11 ol !MO ~un.d1111) Rop Dla lrichea l/4 3/8 1/2 S/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/-l 1-3/8 1-1/2 1a-3I' T~O - LEG BRlDLZ OR BASKET BlTCU Vortic&l A n C 600~ A B C 8,. B ,.31.1 2,,f, 6,7 a.a 13, lT. 21. 1.0 2.2 3,9 8,:Z a.a 12. 15, 19, .99 2.1 3,T 5,6 7.8 10. 13, 17. 6xl9 CLASSIFICATION .11:1 2.1 3,T 5,8 8,2 11. 14. 18, .es 1.9 3,4 5,3 7,8 10, l::J, 16. ,85 l,8 3.2 .8 6.B 8.9 11, u. ,77 1,7 3,0 ,7 6,7 !>,l 12. 1:1, ,7:2 l,B 2.8 8,2 a.11. 13 25, 22, 30, 27, 35, 32, 48, 43. 63, 55. 6~37 CLASSD]CATlOK 20, 21, 24. :za. 28. 30, 38, ,u. 411, 53, 19. 17, 17, 16, 23. 20. 21, 19, 27. 2,. 25, 2:z. 37. :u, 34, 30. 48, 43, 43, 39, 3gO ,. l ~ I C II, C ,70 1,5 ,2.,o6 5,5 T,3 9.-l 12, .5$ 1,2 :z.1 3,3 4,8 6,4 8,4 10, .&l .111 1,1 1.1 2.0 1,1 3.1 .... 3.9' 5,9 5.l T,T 8.7 '" 9,1 14, 12, lT, 15, 20. 17, 27, 21, is. 31. 11, ll, 12. 11. 1,. 21. 19, 118, a:!. CA) Socket or Bward Ul1'111nal attaol>Mnt, (D) - 110cha11!.cal Bl" attaount, (C) - B&Dd Tucka'd llplie &ttacb.aDt. T.LBLII: O~NUMBZB ANl> BPA.IDIG OW UBOL'T WIIIJI Rol'Ji: CI.IP9 1---~I---1 Imsptreoevl,erdoppelow dlameter, Inches Number er ollpa Droi:, Other forged Jllllterial MslnBlCm!nngm, fiches --r- --a-- ---------- ---ii"- ~------------- ~ ..................... 8 4 4 4 & 6 3 ~ 1- ---------- 4 6 6 1lJ1,i'..------------------- 6 & 6 7 r~ l1Ji.-------------------- e 6 T 8 I) "Three ctlpa shall be ased on Wire size leas than ~ Inch diameter ., ... 33 -~.-~ ( ).',_, '.I-,' Title 29-Chapter XJII IUltl ~ 7-'-IU,.lf'lll:r l'\.111 ~\_i\ l Ro1dnal Size Chain Stock Inell. 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 ,~U ~VYA~~ Single Leg ct 1060 1655 2385 3250 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.8 6.5 8.5 10.0 12.4 15.0 17 0 8 20.9 24.2 27.6 31.8 TABLE G-7 HAIN - ~--~ - ---- ) ~ - - - - - eo0 ~ 1835 2865 2.1 2.8 3.7 4.6 5.7 s.3 11.2 14.7 17.3 21.4 25.9 30.8 36.2 42.0 41.9 54.8 45o ~ 1500 2340 3370 2.3 3.0 3.8 4.7 6.7 9.2 12.0 14.2 17.5 21.l 25.2 ' 29.5 34.3 39.1 44.8 30 ~ 1060 1655 2385 3250 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.8 8.5 8.5 10.0 12.4 15.0 11.8 20.9 24.2 27.8 31.0 These sizes of wrought iron ohain are no lonie~ aa.nufaotured in the United States. -------- ---- -~------- I Nominal CSihzaein Stock Inch. (In cL Single Leg TABLE G-8 ALLOY STEEL CHAIN tons of 2000 60 I 1/4 3/8 1/2 I 'i 5/8 1 3/.( 7/8 1 1-1/8 ! 1-1/-t 1-3/8 I 1-1/2 I 1-5/8 1-3/4 1.62 3.30 5,62 8.25 lliS 14.3 19.3 22.2 28.7 33.s 39.7 42.s 47.o I 2.a2 s.10 9.75 14.25 19.9 24.9 33.S 38.5 49.7 58.0 68.5 73.5 81.5 2.27 4.65 7.90 11.65 16.2 20.3 27.3 31.5 40.5 47.0 56.0 59.5 62.0 I 1.62 3.30 I 5.62 8.25 11.5 14.3 19.8 22.2 28.7 33.5 39.7 .(2.5 47.0 I _J I 34 35 MAXIMUM Title (iy)J TX'ii.LE 0--9 ALLOWABLE WEAR AT -POINT OF LINK 29-\.hapter ,-111 Subpart H-Tools and Related ANY Equipment 1502,71 General precautions, Cbaln aiie ln Inches Maximum allowable wear In fraction ol inches l :~;i; ~~~iI} l!l\ ) tt(%2)___-------------------1 _j~ll[ ;l,'. ,Jt, ~:Y.i 1~1\ ,-h ~i lli2 TABLE 0-10 SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLE!:! [In ton.s of 2000 pounds] Material size (Inches) ,{i............. - - - ---- ------ -- - ''---- '1H. -. --...... '),i...----- ; - - -. -. - \% .... !............ Hi. - -. - - :,L . Ptn diameter (Inches) ,,H ~ 1 1 lH 1% 11- 1 1\ 2 2)4 Snfe workmg load l. 4 2. 2 3. 2 4.3 5. 6 6. 7 8.2 10.0 11.11 16. 2 21. 2 TABLE I-1 FILTER LENSES FOR PROTEOTION AGAINST RADIANT ENERGY Operation Shade No. Soldering........... Torch Brazing..... ~ Light cuttlng1 up to I Inch. -Medium cuttmg, Hl Inches.-- Heavy cutting, over 6lncbes..-. Light gas weldln[, UP to ~{j Inch. Medium gas wel ing, - Inch. HeavJ. gll!I welding, over l-i Inch... Shiel ed Metal-Arc Welding to inch electrodes lnertgM Metal Arc Welding (Non ferrous) .- to 2mch electrodes. Inert~s,i MetalArc Welding (Fer rous H ,. to ~ilnch electrodes. Shielded Mct&lArc Welding: H to J41ncb electrodes. ~i ,. ~n 1i-inch electrodes Atomic Hydrogen Welding... Cp.rbon Arc Weldlng..... a2 or 4 3 or 4 4 or 5 ~or 6 4 or 5 6 or 6 6or 8 10 11 12 12 H 10 to 14 H [20 F.R. 4028, Me.r. ~7, 1964; 29 F .R. 6089, May 8, 1964, e..8 a.mended a.t 32 P.R. 14050, Oct. 10, 1967] (a) Hand lines, slings, tackles of ade- quate strength, or carriers such as tool bags with shoulder straps, shall be pro- vided and used to handle tools, materials, and equipment so that employees will have their hands free when using ship's ladders and access ladders. The use or hose or electrlc cords for this purpose is prohibited. Cb) When air tools of the recipro~ eating t:yne are not in use, the discs and tools shall be removed. Cc) All portable, power-driven circular saws shall be equlpped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permJt the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retractioIJ. and contact with the work. When the toot is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to the covering position. Cd) The movlnri parts of machinery on dry docks shall be guarded. (e) Before use, pneumatic tools shall be secured to the extension hose or whip by some positive means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally discon- nected from the whip. , (f) The moving parts of drive mecha- nisms, such as gearing and belting on large portable tools, shall be adequately guarded. (g) Headers, manifolds, and widely spaced hose connections on compressed air lines shall bear the word "air" In letters at least 1 inch high, which shall be painted either on the manifold or separate hose connections, or on signs pennanently attached to the manifolds or connections. Grouped air connections may be marked in one location. Ch) Before use, compressed air hose shall be examined. Visibly damaged and unsafe hose shall not be used. [21:l F.R. 4028, Ma.r. 27, 1964; 29 P'.R. 8089, Ma.y a, 1964, u a.mended at 32 F .a. 14050, Oct. 10, 1987] 1502.72 Port11hle electric tools, \ (a) The frames of portable electric tools and appliances, except double insulated tools approved by Underwriters' Laboratories, shall be grounded either 36 Title 29-Chapter XIII through a third wire ln the cable containing the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which ls grounded at the source of the current. (b) Grounding circuits, other than by ' means of the structure of the vessel on which the tool is being used, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conductor has resistance which ls low enough to permit sufficlent current to flow to cause the fuse or clrcult breaker to interrupt the current. {c) Portable electric tools which are held in the hand shall be equipped with switches of a type which must be manually held ln the closed position. Cd) Worn or frayed electric cables shall not be used. [29 F.R. 4028, Ma.r, 27, 1964; 29 P.R. 6089, Ma.y 8, 1964, es emended at 32 F.R. 14050, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502.73 Hand tools. (a) Employers shall not Issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools- (b) wrenches, includlng crescent, pipe, end and socket wrenches, shall not be used when jaws a.re sprung to the point that slippage occurs. (c) Impact tools, such as drtft plrui, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads. (d) The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight In the tool. 1502.74 Alirasive wheels. (a) Floor stand and bench molmted abrastve wheels used for external grinding shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods). The maximum angular exposure or the grinding wheel perlphery and sldes shall be not more than 90 degrees, except that when work requires contact with the whei!l below the horizontal plane of the spindle, the angular exposure shall not exceed 125 degrees. In elther case the exposure shall begin not more than 65 c'egrees above the horizontal plane of the ipindle. Safety guards shall be strong ~nough to withstand the effect of a burstlng wheel. Cb) Floor anci bench mounted grinders ~hall be provlded with work rests which are rigidly supl)Orl;ed and readily adjustable. Such work rests shall be kept a distance not to exceed 1/a inch from the 1 surface of the wheel. <c> Cup type wheels used for external irrindlng shall be protC\. ~ed by either a ~ ,.,}~'r i\' revolving cup guard or e. band 1o!I-pe gu in e.ccorda.nce with the provlslorui or United States of America Stand Safety Code tor the Use, Care, and P tection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1. other Portable abrasive wheels used external grinding shall be provided ~ safety guards (protection hoods) meet the requirements or paragraph (e) this section, except a.s follows.: <1) When the work location make impossible, in which case a wl equipped wltb safety fianges as descrl 1n paragraph (f) or this section she.I used. <2) When wheels 2 inches or les.! diameter whlch a.re securely mountec the end of a steel mandrel are used. Cd) Portable abrasive wheels used internal grlnd!ng shall be provided 'I/ safety flanges {protect.ion flanges> m, lng the requirements of paragraph of thls section, except as follows: (1) When wheels 2 inches or les1 diameter which are securely mountec the end of a steel mandrel are used. (2) It the wheel 1s entirely wlthln work being ground while in use. (e) When safety guards are requl they shall be so mounted as to main1 proper alignment with the wheel, the guard and Its fastenings shall bi sufflclent strength to reta.1n fragment the wheel in case of accidental breakl The maximum angular expooure of grinding wheel periphery and sides s not exceed 180 degrees. Cf) When safety- flanges are requt they shall be used only with wh designed to flt the flanges. Only sa flanges of a type and design and prop assembled so as to Insure that the pl or the wheel wlll be retained in cas accidental breakage shall be used. (g) All abraslve wheels shall be clo inspected and ring tested before mo, 1ng to ensure that they are free f cracks or defects. Ch> Grinding wheels shall fit f1 on the spindle and shall not be fo on. The spindle nut shall be tighU only enough to hold the wheel in p (1) The power supply shall be flcient to maintain the ratea sp! speed under all condltions of noi grtndlng. The rated maximum speE the wheel shall not be exceeded. (j) All employees us Ing abri wheels shall be protected by eye pre tlon equipment In accordance with requlrement.s of 1502.81 Ca) and except when adeqWl.te eye pro,tectic 'l7 ~j, '{~ Title 29-Chapter XIII I afforded by eye shields which are perma- been thoroughly instructed by a com- I nenUy attuched to the bench or floor petent person with rEspcct to the require- stand. ments of paragraph (n) of this section (~9 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 F.R. 8089, and the safe use of such tools as follows: I May a, 1964, 55 a.mended at 82 F.R. 14060, Oct. 10, lll67) <1) Before using a tool, the operator sho.11 inspect it to determine that it is I 1502. 75 Powder actunted fostening clean, that all moving parts operate I I tools. ' forbesetlryucatniodnst.hat the barrel is free from Ca) General precautions. Cl) Powder (2) When a tool develops a defect dur- actuated fastening tools shall be tested ing use, the operator shall immediately each day before loading to ensure that cease to use it and shP.11 notify his super- I the safety devices are in proper working visor. condition. Any tool found not to be in C3) Tools shall not be loaded until just proper working order shall be immedi- prior to the Intended firing time and the ately removed from service until repairs tool shall not be left unattended while are ma.de. loaded. (2) Powder actuated fastenlng tools (4) The tool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be used in an explosive or shall not be pointed at any person, and flammable atmosphere. hands shall be kept clear of the open C3) All tools shall be used with the barrel end. type of shield or muzzle guard appro- C5) In case o! a misfire, the opera.tor priate for a particular use. shall hold the tool in the operating posi- (4) Fasteners shall not be driven into tion for at least 15 seconds and shall con- as very hard or brittle materials, such tinue to hold the muzzle against the work cast 1ron, glazed tne, surface hardened surface during disassembly or opening of steel, glass block, live rock, face brick or the tool and removal of the powder load. hollow tile. (6) Neither tools nor Powder charges <5) Fasteners shall not be driven into shall be left unattended in places where soft materials unless such materials a.re they would be available to unauthorized backed by a substance that will prevent persons. the pln or fastener from passing com- pletely through and creating a flying 1502.76 Internnl combustion engines, missile hazard on the opposite side. other lhan ship's equipment. C6) Unless a special guard, fixture or <a) When internal combustion en- Jlg ts used, fasteners shall not be driven gines, furnished by the employer are directly into materials such as brick or used in a fixed pos!Uon below decks, for concrete within 3 inches of the unsup- such purposes as driving pumps, genera- ported edge or corner, or into steel sur. faces within inch of the unsupported edge or corner. When fastening other material, such as 2 x 4 inch lumber to a concrete surface, fasteners of greater than 2-inch shank diameter shall not be used and fasteners shall not be driven tors, and blowers, the exhaust shall be led to the open air, clear of any ventila- tion intakes and openinr;s through which it might enter the vessel. Cb) All exhaust line joints and connections shall be checked for tightness immediately upon starting the engine, and within 2 inches of the unsupported edge any lee.ks shall be corrected at once. or corner of the work surface. (c) When lnter.nal combustion engines (7> Fasteners shall not be driven on vehicles, such as forklifts and mobile through existing holes unless a positive cranes, or on portable equipment such as guide Is used to secure accurate align- fans, generators, and P,Umps exhaust into ment. <8> No attempt shall be made to drive e. fastener into a. spa.lied area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening._ C9) Employees using powder actuated fastening tools shall be protected by eye protection equipment in accordance with the requirement.s of 1502.81 Ca) and (b). . the atmosphere below decks, the com- petent person shall make tests of the carbon monoxide content of the atmosphere as frequently as conditions require tJ insure that dangerous concentrations do not develop. Employees she.I~ be removed from the compart.ment involved when the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds 50 parts per mUlion Cb) rn.structicm of operators. Be!ore (0.005%). The employer shall use blowers employees are permitted to use powder sufllclent in size and number and so ar- actuated !astenlng tools, they shall have ranged as to maintain the concentration Title 29-Chapter Xlll ~ ~,), i''1 below this allowable llmlt berore work ls equal the value shown ln -~.....ile l resumed. 1502.6B. (32 F.R. 14050, Oct. 10, 196'TJ [21l F.R. 4028, Mllr, 27, 1Q64; :19 P'.R May B, lll64, 118 amended at 32 F.R. Subpart I-Personal Protective Oct. 10, 1967] Equipment 1502.82 Respii-story protection. 1502.81 Eye protection. (a) General precautions. Cl) All eye protection equipment required by these regulations shall meet the specifications prescribed by the American Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye and Respira- tory Protection, z2.1. . (2) Eye protection equipment shall be maintained in good condition. (3) Eye protection equipment which has previously been used shall be cleaned and disinfected before it is issued by the employer to another employee. (4) Employees who wear corrective spectacles while engaged in eye hazard- ous work shall be protected by eye pro- tection equipment or a type which can be worn over personal spectacles, except the.t glasses with prescription .ground safety lenses may be worn in lieu o! cover goggles when such glasses provide suitable protection against the hazard involved. Cb) Protection against impact. Cl) In any operatlons such as chipping, caulking, drilling, riveting, grinding, and pouring babbitt metal, in which the eye hazard of flying particles, molten metal, or liquid chemical exists, employees sh all be protected by suitable face shields or goggles meeting the requirements or paragraph Ca) of this section. (c) Protection against radiant eneruv. (1) In e.ny operation in which the eye haze.rd of injurious light rays or other radiant energy exists, depending upon the intensity of the radiation to which employees a.re exposed, they shall be pro- tected by spectacles, cup goggles, hel- mets, hand shields, or face shields equipped with filter lenses meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (cl (2) o! this section. (2) Filter lenses shall be of a shade number appropriate to the type of work to be performed as indicated 1n Table I-1 in 1502.68 except that variations of one or two shade numbers are permlssible to suit individual preferences. (3) If filter lenses are used in the goggles worn under the helmet, the shade number of the lens in the helmet may be reduced so that the sum or the shade numbers of the two lenses will Ca) General. (1) All resplrator: tective equipment required by these lations shall carry the U.S. Bure Mines approval for the use for wl is intended. Respiratory prol equipment shall be used only for th pose intended and no modifications equipment shall be ma.de. C2) Respiratory protective equl shall be inspected regularly and tained in good condition. Oas mas isters and chemical cartridges sh replaced as necessary so as to P complete protection. Mechanical shall be cleaned or replaced as nee so as tf' avoid undue reststan breathing. C3) Respiratory protective equl which hes been previously used st cleaned and disinfected before it ls by the employer to another em1 Emergency rescue equipment sh cleaned and disinfected, iinme< after each use. (4) Employees required to use ratory protective equipment apprm use 1n atmospheres immediately d: ous to life shall be thoroughly trai its use. Employees required to use types or resptre.tory protective ment shall be instructed in the u limitations of such equipment. (6) When an air line respire used, the atr line shall be fitted ' pressure regulating valve and e which wlll remove oil, water, an Particles. The air intake shall b, a source which is free from all c01 na.nts, such as the exhaust from 1r combustion engines. CB) In all cases, when an empl, sta.tloned outside a compartment or space as a tender or safety m men working inside in an atmo immediately dangerous to life, the shall have immediately avallab emergency use replratory pro equipment equivalent to that re !or the men .In the compartment. a tender is stationed outside a cor ment for men working inside in mosphere not lrnmediately dange1 life, the tender shall wear resp! protective equipment equivalent t required !or the men ln tl,le cot lQ r{.;~ \}~~ Title 29-Chapter XIII ment if he is exposed :for prolonged periods to the same concentration of atmospheric contaminants. (b) Protection in atmospheres immedi- fort and possible injury after a prolonged single exposure or repeated short exposures. (2) When employees are exposed to ately dangerous fa life. ( 1) Atmospheres immediately dangerous to life are those which contain less than 16.5 percent oxygen, or which by reason of the high toxicity of the contaminant, as in fumigation, or high concentration of the con- tamlnant, e.s with carbon dioxide, would endanger the life of a person breathing them for even a short period of time. (2) In atmosphe1es immediately dan- gerous to life the only ll.pproved types of respiratory protective equipment are the following: (i) Self-contained breathing appa- ratus, in which tlle wearer carries with him a supply of ox:ygen, air, or a.n oxy- gen generating material. cm Hose mask with blower, in which a hand or motor operated blower supplies air at high volume and low pressure through a large diameter hose through which the wearer can draw air in case the blower fails. <ili> If there is known to be more than 16 percent oxygen and less than 2 percent gas by volume, a gas mask equipped with a canister approved for the particular type gas !n-volved. a gaseous contaminated atmosphere not immediately dangerous to life, they shall be protected by respiratory protective equipment approved for use in the type and concentration of the gaseous contamlnan t as follows: (1) In high or unknown concentra- tions, a hose mask or an a.Ir line respirator. The use of either a hose mask or an air line respirator 1n lower concen- trations ls permissible. (ii) In concentration of ammonia of less than 3 percent, or of other gases less than 2 percent, by volume, a canister type gas mask equipped with the proper type of canister. Different canisters are approved for specific use against the following gases or groups of gases: acid gases, hydrocyan!c acid gas, chlorine gas, organic vapors, ammonia. gas, carbon monoxide, or combination of the above. (Ui) In low concentrations <less. than 0.1 percent by volume), a chemical cartridge respkator equipped with the type of cartridge approved for use against the particular gases or groups of gases listed. in subdivision <m of this subparagraph. Cd) Protection against particulate No=: A gas mask of!'P.rs absolutely no pro. tectlon in an atmosphere deficient In oxygen. <3J Work in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life shall be performed only in an. emergency, as when rescuing a man who has bet:n overcome or when shutting off a source of contamination that cannot otherwise be controlled. When an employee enters such an atmosphere he shall be provided with and use an adequ11te, attended life llne. <4> In the vicinity of each vessel in which there is a danger of employees being ex.posed to an atmosphere immediately dangerous to life the employer shall have on hand and ready for use respiratory protective equipment approved for such use. When such equipment is required, one or more Persons shall be thoroughly trained in the use of the equipment. Cc) Protection against gaseous con- taminants not immediately dangerou.s to life. Cl) Gaseous contaminants not immediately dang~rous to l!fe are gases present in concentrations that could be breathed !or a short period without endangering the life of a person breathing them, but which might produce discom- contaminants not im mediatel1,1 danr,er- ous to life. Cl) When employees are exposed to unsafe cbm:entrations of particulate conte.mlnants, such as dusts and fumes, mists and fogs or combinaJ;loru of solids and liquids, they shall be protected by either air line or filter respire.tors, except as otherwise provided !n the regulations of this part. (2) Filter respirators shall be equipPed with the proper type of filter. Different filters are approved for specific protection against groups of contaminants, as follows: Cl) Pneumocon1osis-produclng dust and nuisance dust :filters which provide respiratory protection against pneumoconiosis-producing du.sts, such as a.lumlnum, cellulose, cement, charcoal, coal, coke, flour, gypsum, Iron ore, lime- stone and wood. (11) Toxic dust filters which provide respiratory protectlon against toxic dusts that are not sign1flcantly more toxic than lead, such a.s arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lend, manganese, selenium, vanadium, and their compounds. <111) Mist fllters which provide respira- tory protection against pneumocon!osls- 40 Title 29-Chapter XIII ~ producing mists, chromic acid mists, and nuisance mists. <iv) Fume fili;ers which provide resp!ratory protection agal.ru;t fumes (solid dispersolds or particulate matter formed by the condensation of vapors, such as those from heC\tcd metals and other substances). (v) Filters which provide respiratory protection against combinations of two or more of the contaminants described in subd.1vls1ons (1) through (lv) of this subparagraph. {e) Protection against combinations of gaseous and particulate contaminants not tmmediatel1,1 clangerous to life. (1) When employees are exposed to combinatlons of gaseous and particulate contantinants not lmmedle.tely dangerous to life, as in spray painting, they shall be protected by respira.torY protective equipment appro-ved for use In the type and concentration of the contaminants, as follows: m In high or unknown concentra- tions, a hose mask or an air line respirator. The use of either a hose mask or an air line respirator is permissible in lower concentrations. cm In concentrations of gaseous con- taminants of less than 2 percent by volume, a canister type gas mask with a combination canister approved for the particular tYJJe of gaseous contaminant as specified In paragraph {c) (2) of this section and a filter for the particular type of particlllate contaminant as specified in paragraph Cd) (1) of tWs section. mn In low concentrations of gaseous contam1nants <less than 0.1 percent by volume) a respirator equipped with the type of cartridge and filter as specified in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph, 1502.83 Head, foot and body protec- lion, (a) When employees are working In areas where there is danger of falling objects they shall be protected by protective hats. (b) Protective hats shall meet the specifications contained in the United States of America Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection, Z2.1. Hats without dielectric strength shall not be used where there ls the possiblllty of contact with electrlc 1 conductors. (c) Protective hats which have been ,.., previously worn shall be cleaned and '-,,,.{,;.,l disinfected before they are lsstNd b:y employer to another employee. (d) The employer shaU arr1 through means, such as vendors or 1 stores, or otherwise, to make safety s: readily available to all employees. shall encourage their use. Metal caps from which the covering has 1 worn shall be insulated when emplo are working cin exposed energized cults of the vessel's electrical system. Ce) Employees shall not be perm! to wear excessl-vely gree..sy clothing 'II performing hot work operations. (f) Employees shall be protectec suitable gloves when engaged In op tions hazardous to their hands. [29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 F:R. t May 13, 1964, as a.mended at 32 F.R. 1, Oct. 10, 1!)67] 1502.84 Lifesaving equipment, (a) Buoyant work vests. (1) Buo~ work vests shall not meet the requ ments of these regulations unless proved by the 0.S. Coast Guard. (2) Prior to each use, buoyant 'II vests shall be iru;pected for dry chemical damage, or other defects wl may aflect their strength and buoya1 Defective buoyant work vests shall be used. Cb) Safet11 belts and lifelines. Safety belts shall be equipped with 1 lines which in use are secured wit: minimum of slack to a fixed structure (2) Prior to each u~e. belts and l lines shall be inspected for dry chemical damage, or other defects wt may affect their strength. Defee belts and lifelines shall not be usec C3J When employees are v.orktng any location requiring a safety belt 1 a lifeline, care shall be exercised to sure that the lifeline 1s not cut, plncl or led over a sharp edge. In hot w operations or those involving the usE acids, solvents, or caustics, the line sl be kept clear to avoid its being bur1 or :weakened. In order to keep the 11 line continuously attached with a ml mum of slack to a fixed structure attachment point of the lifeline shall appropriately changed as the work p gresses. Cc) Life rings and ladders. Cl) least three 30lnch Coast Guard appro' life rings with lines s ttached shall kept in easlly visible and rea.d.1ly accei ~ ~~1.:h,W;.\ , Title 29-Chapter XIII ble pli.ces aboard ea.ch vessel afloat on which work is being performed. Life rings shall be located, one forward, one aft, and one on the gangway, except on vessels under 200 feet In length, in which case one at the gangway will be sufficient. <2) At least one life ring with a line attached shall be located on each sto.gf.ng float alongside a vessel on which work is being performed. C3> At least 90 feet of line shall be attached to each life ring. Life rings and lines shall be maintained in good condition. (4 > In the vicinity of each vessel afloat on which work ls being performed there shall be at least one portable or permanent ladder of sufficient length to assist employees to reach safety in the event that they fall into the water. [29 F.R. 4028, M:ir. 27, 1964; 29 F.R. 60B9, M11y 8, 1964, a.s run.ended at 32 F.R. 14050, Oct. 10, 1967) Subpart J-Ship's Machinery and Piping Systems 1502,91 Ship's boilers, (a) Before work 1s performed in the flre, steam, or water spaces of a baller where employees may be subject to injury from the direct escape of a high temperature medium, such as steam, or water, oil, or other medium at a h!gh temperature entering from an interconnecting system, the employer shall insure the.t the following steps are taken: (1) The isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged indicating that employees are working in the boiler. This tag shall not be removed nor the valves unbianked until it ls determined that thls may be done without creating a hazard to the employees working in the bo1Jer, or until the work 1n the boiler ls completed. Where valves are welded in- stead of bolted at least tw isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, Jocked, and tagged. ' (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting sys- tems shall be opened for visual observa- tion of drainage. <3) A warning sign call1ng attention to the fact that employees are working in the boilers shall be hung In n corup1c- uous location In the engine room. Th1s s!gn shall not be removed until it is determined that the work ls completed and all employees are out of the boilers. 129 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 F.R. 6089, M11y 8, 1964, 1U1 amended at 32 F.R, 14051, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502.92 Ship's piping systems. Ca> Before work ls performed on a valve, fitting, or sectlon of plplng ln a piping system where employees may be subject to injury from the direct escape of steam, or water, o!l, or other medium at a high temperature, the employer shall insure that the following steps are taken: (1 l Toe isolation and shutoff vnlves connecting the dead system wlth the llve system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged Indicating that em- ployees a.re working on the system. 'Ibis tag shall not be removed nor the valves unblanked until It Is determined that this may be done without creating a hazard to the employees working on the system, or until the work on the system ls completed. Where valves are welded instead of bolted at least two Isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead system with the live system or systems shall be secured, locked, and tagged. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting systems shall be opened for visual observation of drainage. ' (32 P.R. 14061, May 10, 1967) 1502.93 Ship's propulsion machinery, ca> Before work ls performed on the maln engine, reduction genr, or bonnectlng accessories, the employer shall ensure that the following steps are taken: (1) The jacklng gear shall be engaged to prevent the main engine from turning over. A sign shall be posted at the throttle indicating that the jacking gear ls engaged. This sign shall not be removed until the jacking gear can be safely disengaged. (2) If the jacking gear is steam driv- en, the stop valves to the jacking gear shall be secured, locked, and tagged indicating that employees are working on the main engine. (3) If the jacking gear ls electrically driven, the circuit controlling the jackIng gear shall be deenerglzed by tripping the circuit breaker, opening the switch or removing the fuse, whichever ls ap- propriate. The breaker, swltch, or fuse location shall be tagged indicating that Title 29-Chapter XIII ~ ,, ~ employees are working on the main engine. Cb) Before the Jacking engine 1s operated, the following precautions shall betaken: <1) A check shall be made to ensure that all employees, equipment, and tools <b> Portable, unfired pressure ve~ not built to the code requirements paragraph (a) of this section, and b prior to the effective date of this reg1 tlon, shall be examined quarterly b competent person, They shall be s jected Yearly to a hydrostatic pres~ are clear of the engine, reduction gear, and Its connecting accessorles. (2> A check shall be made to ensure thll.t all employees, equipment and tools are free of the propeller. (c) Before work is started on or In the test of one and one-half times the we Ing pressure of the vessels. Cc> The rellef valves on the porto unfired pressure vessels In para.gra (a) and Cb) of this section shall be to the safe working pressure of the , Immediate vicinity of the propeller, a sels, or set to the lowest safe worll warning sign calling attention to the fact pressure of the systems, whlcheve1 that employees are working In that area. lower, shall be hung In a conspicuous location (d) A record of such exe.mlna.tlons 1 in the engine room. This sign shall not tests made in compliance with the be removed until it is determined that qulrements of paragraphs Ca.) and the work is completed and all employees of this section shall be mllintalned. nre free of the propeller. Cd) Before the main engine is turned over (e.g., when warming up before departure or testing after an overhaul) a check shall be ma.de to ensure that all employees, equipment, and tools are free of the propeller. 1502.94 Ship's deck machinery. (a) Before work ls performed on the anchor windlass or any of its attached accessories, the employer shall ensure that the following steps are taken: Cl) The devil claws shall be made fast to the anchor chains. (2) The riding pawls shall be In the engaged position. (3) In the absence of devil claws and riding pawls, the anchor chains shall be secured to a. suitable fixed structure of the vessel. 1502.102 Drums 11nd containerl!I, <a> Shipping drums and contain shall not be pressurized to remove tr contents. (b) A temporarily assembled pr surized p!ptng system conveying haza ous liquids or gases shall be provh with a relief valve and bY-P15 to p vent rupture of the system a.nd the esc: of such hazardous liquids or gases. (c) Pressure vessels, drums and e ta!ners contllin!ng toxic or flam.ma liquids or gases shall not be stored used where they are subject to 01 flame, hot metal, or other sources of a1 ficial heat. (d) Unless pressure vessels, drums 2 containers of 30-gallon capacity or o containing flammable or toxic liquids gases are placed in an out-of-the-v Subpart K-Portable, Unfired Pressure area. where they Will not be subject Vessels, Drums, and Containers, physical Injury from an outside som Other Than Ship's Equipment barriers or guards shall be erected top tect them from such physical injury. 1502,101 Portable air receivers and (e) Containers of 55 gallons or m, other unfired pressure vessels. capacity containing flammable or to (a) Portable, unfired pressure vessels, liquid shall be surrounded by- dikes built after the effective date of this regu- pans which enclose a volume equal to lntlon, shall be marked and reported least 25 percent of the total volume indicating that they have been designed the containers. and constructed to meet the standards (f) Fire extinguishers adequate of the American Society of Mechanlcal number and suitable for the hazard sh Engineers Boller and Pressure Vessel be provided. These extinguishers sh Code, Section VIll, Rules for Construc- be located In the immediate area wb tion of Unfired Pressure Vessels, 1963. pressure vessels, drums, and contain They shall be subjected to a hydrostatic 1 containing flammable liquids or gases 1 pressure test of one and one-half times stored or in use. Such extinguish the working pressure of the vessels. shall be ready for use at all times. 43 Title 29-Chapter X i i 'I Q 1ib!3art l-Electrical Machinery breaker, opening the .switch, or remov- '>:1::t ing the fuse, whichever method is ap- 1502.111 Electrical circuits and dis- propriate. The circuit breaker, switch, tribution boards. or fuse location shall be tagged to in- (a) Before an employee is permitted dicate that an employee Is working on to work on an electrical circuit, except the circuit. Such tags shall not be re- when the circuit must remain energized moved nor the circuit energized until it for testing and adjusting, the circuit shall is definitely determined that the work. be deenergized and checked at the point on the circuit has been completed. ac which the work 1s to be done to insure (c) When work. is performed immedi- that it ls actually deenergized. When ately adjacent to e.n open-front energized testing or adjusting an energized circuit, board or ln back of an energized board, a rubber mat, duck boa.rd, or other sULtable insulation shall be used underfoot the board shall be covered or some other equally safe means shall be used to pre- wt.ere an insulated deck does not exist. Cb) Deenergizing the circuit shall be accomplished by opening the circuit vent contact with any of the energized parts. !,_!.,