Document 3Q4oyJEOgYDzg9RVymzap6Z5y

BattelleFi Georgia C Exposure I I BattelleFieldSampling ProceduresReview Columbus Georgia City-Survey regarding EmpiricalHuman Exposure Assessment Multi-CityStudy To Susan Beach - ProjectLead 3M9 ET & SS PO Box33331 Building 2-3)Z-09 St.Paul,MN 55133-3331 651-778-7452 - August 3,1999 Prepared by JessEldridge- Reviewer 3M9 ET & SS PO Box 33331 Building2-3E-09 St.Paul,MN 55133-3331 651-778-5233 Review Objective The objectiveofthe on-sitereviewwas to observethe samplingand handlingtechniquesused by Battelle duringtheColumbus, Georgia citysurveyforappropriatenesasnd completenesswithinthecontextof the Multi-CityHuman Exposure AssessmentStudy (MCHEAS). City Survey Scope The samplingperformedinColumbus, Georgiaincludedthefollowingsamplingsourcesand typm: I) Urban Ambient Air particulatpehase vapor phase 2) DrinkingWater - surfacewatersource(threedistincltocationastleast500 feetapwt) - sediment(coincidenwtith surfacewaterlocationasbove) - watertreatmentplantinlet - watertreatmentplantfinaloutlet - tapwaterfrom waterdistributiosnystem(threedistincltocations) 3) Wastewater(POTW) - finaleffluent finalsludge 4) -SanitaryLandfill Leachate 5) QuietWater surfi=water Review Criteria The criteruisaedtoconducttheon-sitreeviewarebasedon theQualityAssuranceProjecPtlan(QAPP) datedMay 14,1999 preparedby Battelle.Observationswere made and questionswere asked thatdirectly addressedwhetherornot specificdetaildsocumented intheQAPP were actuallpyerformed on site. Additionallyo,bservationwsere made regardingtheappropriatenesosf thesamplingtechniquesfollowedin lightof fluorochemica(lFC) characteristics. Chronology The fbllowingisa listof sample locationsd,ates,times,and types. Location FireStation#1 201 1O'bStreet FireStation#1 201 1& Sheet FireStation#1 201 1& Street Water TreatmentPlant OliverLake ChattahoocheeRiver OliverLake ChattahoocheeRiver OliverLake ChattahoocheeRiver OliverLake ChattahoocheeRiver Date 7/26/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7127/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 Time 16:20 start 4:20 stop__ 8:30 9:42 10:16 10:30 10:35 11:05 Source Urban Ambient Air Urban Ambient Air DrinkingWater DrinkingWater DrinkingWater DrinkingWater DrinkingWater DrinkingWater Type Particulate or Particulate Vapor Tap Water KitchenSink Outlet SurfaceWater Source InlettoWater Plant SurfaceWater Source Surfacewater Sediment SurfaceWater Source Bay areanear Roaring Branch Location Oliver Lake Chattahoochee River Oliver Lake Chattahoochee River Oliver Lake Chattahoochee River Municipal Marina Hieferhom Creek Pine Grove Landfill POTW POTW @-Holiday Im Date 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7/27/99 7127/99 7/27/99 Time 11:10 11:15 11:20 11:35 12:10 14:15 16:00 16:10 17:00 Source Drinking Water Drinking Water DrinkingWater DrinkingWater Quiet Water Leachate Wastewater Wastewater -Drk&.ingWater Type Sediment Surface Water Source Bay area near Roaring Branch River,Marina Sediment Tap Water PublicLavatory Surface Water - pond overflow to creek Leachate Flowing intosump FinalEffluent FinalSludge Tap Water Room #204 Discussion . JessEldridge(3K and Susan Beach (3NO held severaldiscussionsregardingtheColumbus City Survey during theweek of 7/19/99.Jess made plansto meet with the BatteDe samplingteam in Columbus, Georgia toconduct the on-sitereview.The Battellesampling team members were Kelly IrizarryS,cott Macomber, and ChrisGagnon. Kelly was contactedto coordinaiea meeting ofthe sampling team on Monday 7/26/99inColianbus, Georgia atthe Public SafetyCenter locatedat5 1O'l0* St=L Contact with FireChief Schmidt was planned to initiattehesampling activitiefsorthenw two days. The following paragraphsaddresseach eventin chronologicalorder. Each paragraph brieflydescribeswhat was done followedby reviewercomments. Underlinedcomments indicatemm of concernthatwarrantfurther discussion.Overallreaewer comments are listedatthe end ofthe discussion.Photographs were taken throughoutthe citysurvey which were scanned and includedinthe photograph section. Day 1,Monday 7t26/99 Aftertravelingto Colt=bus and meeting Chief Schmidt, the Ambient Urban Air Sampler was set up. The sampler was setup on the ground near a wash areabehind FireStation#1 locatedat201 10" Street.See the scanned images of the sampling locationin the photograph section.Initialltyherewas troublegetting the unitto operate;improper power connectim. No tirnerswitchwas shippedwith the sampler therefore one had to be purchased. Aftera switch was purchased they went ahead with the set-up.According tothe QAPP; the sampler was setup at 15:00hours 4:threehours (startime 16:20hours),an initiatlotalizer readingwas recorded,and the sampler was settorun 12 hours.T*necoordinatesofthe sampler location were recordedbased on a hand held Global PositioningSystem (GPS). Reviewer Comments: The initiatlroubleswere resolvedquicklyand effectivelyd,ocumentation was thorough,personnelwore disposablegloveswhile handling criticaclomponents of sampling train,and alwninwn foilwrapping was inplaceon pre-cleanedparts. Method TO- 13 "Determinationof Benzot)vreneand Other PolvnuclearAromatic (PAH) inAmbient Air Using GC/HPLC" was citedinthe OAPP as the method followedtoperform the ambient airsampling. It may be more accurateto statethata modified method TO- 13 was fbilowedinthatthe comvounds of interesftorthisstudyare FC's and not PAH'S. The analyticaplortionof To- 13 are detailedand th techniquesused to analyzethe mniculate and PUF filtersshouldbe audited.An auditshouldalso includea review of cleaninot)roceduresused to preparefilterfsbruse. TO-13 ispartoftheEPA Compendium of Methods forthe Determinationof Toxic Organic Comt)ounds inAmbient Air. This versionwas publish in 1989. For futurereferencea new version,TO- 13A was publishedinJanuarv1997 and should be consideredas a rer)laccemnt forTO- 13. Severalspnificsamplingsct-uprequirementswere not followed(section11.3inTO-13). The samplerwas notset-upatleast2 metersfrom any obstacle(11.3.2)T.he samt)lewras Placedapproximatelyone foot away from a wallwhich couldcausea flow obstruction.The samplerwas not equit)oewdith an exhaust hose to preventrecyclin-ogf airintothe sample head (11.3.2).A single[)oinftlow check was not 12erfbrmedas describedinsection11.2.3of TO- 13. Flow rateswere variedfrom 55,50,40,36, and 20 inchesof waterusingthevoltagevariatodruringset-upwhich isincorrectI.tat)vearetdhatthe fiver)oin flow variatoardiustmentswere somehow thoukhtto be the calibratiopnroceduredescribedin section11.2 -ofTO- 13. A thorouehreview of To- 13 and TO- 13A arerecommended priorto conductiniazny fin-ther ambient airtestingrelativteothisstudy, Day 2,Tuesday 7/27/99 Event#] -Ambknt Urban Air Sampler.-At approximately08:00 hourstheteam arrivedatFireStation#1 to retrievtehe particulataend PUF filterfsrom the Ambient Urban Air Sampler. Upon arrivatlhe sampler was stilolperating.The samplershouldhave stoppedoperatingat04:20houm One of the"startp"inson thetimerswitchhad inadvertentlbyeen settorestarattaround08:00hours.Accordingto theQAPP; a final differentiparlessureand totalizerreadingwere recorded,the samplerwas turnedof& theparticulataend PUF filterwsere retrievedf,iltebrlanksand spikeswere collectedt,he samplerfiltehrolderswere decontaminatedwithmethanol,and wrapped in foiland parked. Reviewer Comments: The longerrun time was minimal and theektm timeisaccountedforwiththe totalizearnd factoredintotheresultwsithoutbias.Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,personnelwore disposablegloveswhilehandlingcriticaclomponents of samplingtaK and theparticulataend PUF filters were handledcarefullaynd properly.The criticaplartscontactintghefilterwsere methanolrinsedand repacked. There isconcernthatnot enough methanol was used to rinsesuch thatliquidmethanol dripped thesampler partsthusrinsinaL@@mypotentialcontaminants.The meflianolwas evai3oratinngearlyas fastas itwas beinggipplieTdh.is would onlyre-distnbutpeotentialcontaminantsratherthanrinsethem There isa questionasto why theairswnplerwas placedon the grcxmdnearthewallofthebuilding. Event # 2 - Tap Water Sample. A tapwater sample was collectedatapproximately08:30 hours from the firestatioknitchensinkaftertheair.samplearctivitiweesre completed.Accordingto theQAPP; replicate sampleswere collecteidnpre-cleanedone liteprolyethylenebottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginformation recordedon data sheets. Reviewer Comments: The collectioonf thissample was not witnessed.Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloveswhilehandlingthe samples. Event # 3 - Water Treatment PlantOndet. A tapwater sample was collecteadt09:42hours from the final treatedwater. Accordingto theQAPP; replicatseamples ofthefinaltreatedwaterwere collecteidn precleanedone liteprolyethylenebottlesl,abeleda,nd sampling informationrecordedon datasheets.The coordinatesof thesampling locationwere recordedbased on a hand heldGPS. See thescanned images of thesamplinglocationinthe photographsection. Reviewer Comments: Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloves whilehandlingthesamples. There was a shortpieceof flexiblteubingattachedto thefaucetwhere the sampleswere collected.Water ninscontinualliyntothesinklocatedinthetestlabfrom severaldifferent treatmentsteps.There isconcernabouti)ossiblreesidualaccumulationofFCs ontothesurfaceofthe flexiblteubing.Some discussionsregardingthisconcernarewarranted.For futurereferencei,tmay be advisabletoremove any such tubingbeforesamt)lin Event # 4 - Water TreatmentPlant Inlet.A watersample was collecteadt 10:16 hours from a siipstream offtheptunphouse main thatsuppliesthe watertreatmentplant.According totheQAPP; replicatseamples of theinletwaterwere collectedinpre-cleanedone liteprolyethylenebottlesl,abeleda,nd sampling informatiornecordedon datasheetsT.he coordinateosfthesamplinglocatiownere recordedbasedon a hand heldGPS. See thescannedimagesofthesamplinglocationinthephotographsection. ReviewerComments.- Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloves whilehandlingthesamples.The watersourceisOliver-LakethathasformedbehindOliverDam located on theChattahoocheeRiver. Event# Sand# 6- OliverLake Surface Water. Surfacewaterand sedimentsampleswere collecteadt 10:30and 10:35hoursrespectivelfyrom apooledareaoutsideofthepump house. Sampleswere collected inan areabetweena floatinbgaffle/docsktructuraend shore.Sedimentsampleswere collectendearthe water/shorbeoundaryusinga pre-cleanesdtainlesssteelspoon. AccordingtotheQAPP; replicatseamples ofthesurfacewaterand sedimentwere collecteidnpre-cleanepdolyethylenbeottlesl,abeleda,nd sampling informatiornecordedon datasheetsT.he coordinateosfthesamplinglocatiownererecordedbasedon a handheldGPS. See thescannedimagesofthesamplinglocatioinnthephotographsection. ReviewerComments. Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloves whilehandlingthesamples.The watersourceisOliverLake thathasformedbehindOliverDam located on theChattahoocheeRiver.The surfacewaterand sedimentsampleswere collectebdy wading intothe shallowsnearshore.The Wocess ofwadinq stirresdedimentfromthebottom whilewatersampleswere beingcollectedT.he suggestionwas made thatChrisremainstilalnd Kellyhand thebottletsohim while he collectetdhewatersamr)les.Thistechniquewas usedtocollecthesamplesther Event # 7and 9 8 - OliverLake Sur.faceWater.-Surfacewaterand sedimentsampleswere collecteadt 11:05and 11:10hoursrespectivelfyrom a bay am nearRoaringBranchRiversoudioftheMunicipal Marina.SWiment sampleswere collectendearthewater/shorbeoundaryusingapre-cleanesdtainlesssteel spoon.AccordingtotheQAPP; repecatesamplesofthesurfacewaterand sedimentwere collecteidnprecleanedpolyethylenbeottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginformatiornecordedon datasheetsT.he coordinates ofthesamplinglocatiownere recordedbasedm ahand heldGPS. See thescannedimages ofthesampling locatioinnthephotographsection. ReviewerComments: Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and persbnnelwore disposablgeloves whilehandlingthesamples.The watersourceisfrom OliverLake thathasformed behindOliverDam locatedon theChattahoocheeRiver.The surfitcweaterand sedimentsampleswere collectebdy wading intotheshallowsnearshore.The watersampleswere collectewdhilereinakiinsgtilslo asnottostir sedimentfromthebottom. Event # 9 and # 10 - OflverLake SurfaceWater.-Surfacewaterand sedimentsampleswere collecteadt 11:15-and11:20hoursrespectivelfyrom a bay areanearRoaringBranch RivernorthoftheMtmicipal MarbuL Sedimentsampleswere collectendearthewater/shorbeoundaryusinga pre-cleanesdtainlesssteel spoon. AccordingtotheQAPP; replicatseamplesofthesurfacewaterand sedimentwere collecteidnpre.cleanepdolyethylenbeottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginformatiornecordedon datasheetsT.he coordinates ofthesamplinglocatiownere recordedbasedon ahand heldGPS. Seethescannedimagesofthesampling locationinthephotographsection. ReviewerComments: Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloves whilehandlingthesamples.The watersourceisOliverLake thathasformedbehindOliverDam located on theChattahoocheeRiver.Tle surfacewaterand sedimentsampleswere collectebdy wading intothe shallowsnearshore.The watersampleswere collectewdhileremainingstilslo asnottostirsedimentfrom thebottom. Event# 11 - Tap Water Sample. A tapwatersamplewas collecteadt11:35hoursfr(xnthewomen's lavatorsyinkattheMunicipalMarinanearRoaringBranch River.AccordingtotheQAPP; replicate sampleswere collecteidnpre-cleaneodne liteprolyethylenbeottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginformation recordedon datasheets. RevieweCrommentsT.hecollectoifotnhissamplweasnotwitnesseFdi.elddatadocumentatwiaosn thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloveswhilehandlingthesamples. Event # 12- Quid WaterSample.-A quietwatersamplewas collecteadt12:10hoursfrom a pond located on privatperopertytotheeastofHighway 219 nearHieferhom Creek. Permissionwas giventosample fromthepond. Therewas a weirstructurteoallowoverflowdirectliyntoHieferhomCreek ifwaterlevels reachw theweirelevationT.here was a slightrickloefwateroverflowingtheweiratthetimeof sampling.AccordingtotheQAPP; replicatseampleswere collecteidnpre-cleaneodne liteprolyethylene bottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginformationrecordedon datasheetsT.he coordinateosfthesampling locatiownere recordedbasedon ahand heldGPS. Seethescannedimageofthesamplinglocationinthe photographsection. Reviewer Comments: The surfacewater sample was collectebdy wading intothe shallowsnear shore.The watersamplewas collectewdhileremainingstilsloasnottostirsedimentfromthebottom.Fielddata documentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablgeloveswhilehandlingthesamples. Event # 13 - LeachateSample.-A leachatesample was collecte1d4:15hoursfrom thePineGrove Landfilalswaterpouredintotheleachatceollectiosnump. AccordingtotheQAPP; replicatseampleswere collecteidnpr%-cleaneodne liteprolyethylenbeottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginfbrmatiornecordedon data sheetsT.he coordinateosfthesamplinglocationwere recordedbasedon a hand heldGPS. See thescarmed images ofthe samplinglocatioinn thephotographsection. Reviewer Comments: Access tothesamplewas througha manhole openingintothecollectiosnump. The pipeconnectionwas about8 feetbelow gradeso samplesneededtobe collecterdemotelyutifizing some apparabl&Accessintothemanhole was considereda confinedspaceentry.Propersafetygearwas notavailablfeora confinedspaceentrythuspreventingentry.The samplingcrew didnothave any remote samplingapparatuso one was ixnprovisedT.he sample bottlewseretapedtoajiunpercableand lowered intopositiofnrom ground level.A suggestionwas made toconsiderusinga 6-8foottelescopinhgandlefor samplecollectioinnthesetypesofsituationsT.he handlesareineipensivaend canbe foundinany home improvement/hardwarestoreF.ielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposable gloveswhilehandlingthe samples. Event # 14- POTW FinalEffluentSample.-A wastewatersunplewas collecteadt16:00hoursfrom the finaleffluentA.ccordingtotheQAPP; replicatseampleswere collecteidnpre-cleanepdolyethylene bottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginforrnatirmecordedon datasheetsT.he coordinateosfthesampling locatiownererecordedbasedon a hand heldGPS. See thescannedimagesofthe samplinglocatioinnthe photographsectim. ReviewerComments: Accesstothesamplewas througha trapdooropeningintotheoverflowstructure. The pipecormectionwas about 10 feetbelow thetrapdoorssosamplesneededtobecollecterdemotely utilizinsgome apparatus.Access intothestructurweas considereda confinedspaceentry.Propersafety gearwas notavailablfeora confinedspaceentrythuspreventingentry.The POTW operatorshave a bucketandropepermanentlysetup toallowfbrsamplecollectioFni.elddatadocumentationw'as thorough, and personnelwore disposablgeloveswhilehandlingthesamples.Thereisconcernaboutt)ossiblresidual accumulationofFC's ontothesurfaceofthebucket.Some discussionrsegardingthisconcernare warranted.For ftmzereferencietmay be advisableforthesamt)lincgrew toprovidea rernotesamt)lin ai)i)aratsuschasa telescoi)ihnagndle. Event # 15- POTW FinalSludge Sample: A sludgesamplewas collectebdy one ofthePOTW operators at 16:10hoursfrom thedischargelinefrom theanaerobicdigestersA.ccordingtotheQAPP; replicate sampleswere collecteidnpre-cleanedpolyethylenbeottlesl,abeleda,nd samplinginformatiornecordedon thedatasheets.-Thceoordinateosfthesamplinglocatiownere recordedbasedon ahand heldGPS. Seethe scannedimage of thesampling locationinthephotographsection. RevieweCromments.Thesludgseamplewascollectferdomthemaindischarlgienebyoneofthe operatorsand givendirectltyo Chris.Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough,and personnelwore disposablegloveswhilehandlingthesamples. Event # 16 - Tap Water Sample: A tap'watersample was collecteadtapproximately17:00hours from room # 204 attheCenterCityHolidayInn. According to theQAPP; replicatseampleswere collectedin pre-cleanedone liteprolyethylenebottles,labeleda,nd sampling informationrecordedon datasheets. Reviewer Comments: The collectioonf thissample was not witnessed. Event # 17- FieldSpiking.A setof samples collectedthroughouttheday were fieldspiked.Glass ampules containingtheanalytesof intereswtere emptied intothesample bottlesA.fteran ampule was emptied,itwas droppedintothesample bottlethatwas spiked. Reviewer Comments.- The additionofthe emt)tyvialtothe samt)leraisesconcenl This Drocedure follows theOAPP butposesa potentiaclontaminationsource.thatbeingtheoutsidesurfacesof the vial.The OAPP specifietshevialbe methanol rinsedand wiW dry witha ChemWive. What aretheDrecautions thattheexternalsurfacesarekeptfrom Rg@tentiaclontamination?Fielddatadocumentationwas thorough, and persormetwore disposablegloveswhilehandlingthesamplel OveraB Comments/Questions 1) For themost partthetestcrew followedthe conditionsstatedintheQAPP forthewatersampling. 2) Documentation,labelinga,nd samplinghandlingwere performedaccordingto theQAPP. 3) The surveywas wellcoordinatedbeforearrivalinColumbus. 4) The GPS was cross-checkedforaccuracywith a known surveymarker. 5) The lackof a remote sampling apparatusforthe leachatesamplingindicateda lackof forethoughtand experience. 6) Has therebeen any testingto prove thatChunWipes arenot a sourceofFC contamination? 7) Have any vialblmiksbeen testedto assuretheexternalsurfiteehsave been keptclean? 8) A thoroughreviewof TO- 13 and TO- 13A methods arerecommended priortoperformingany further ambient airtesting. Urban Air Sampler Day 1,Set-Up OK Water Tmatment PlantOutletDay 2 Event 3 Water Treatment PlantDay 2 Event 3 Water TreatinentPlant ClaririeDray 2 Event 3 .. iL r@!!7 -: t IMA3 z Swa pful iggia luou4mjjL ioilta Water Treatment InletPump House Day 2 Event 4 law- 7t' gig itt.. Drinking Water Source Day 2 Event # 5 and N 6 OfiverLake, ChattahoocheeRiver op Drinking Water Soume Day 2 Event # 7 and 8 OIiverLake, ChattahoocheeRiver DrinkingWater Source Day 2 Event # 9 and 10 Ofiverlake, ChattahoocheeRiver L JAMS Quiet Water Day 2 Event 12 LandrillIzachateDay 2 Event 13 -11, A,l POTW FinalEffluentDay 2 Event 14 .. . . tt 'Umi iL -AVI POIW frinaElffluentDay 2 Event 14 ib aL 41 ......................... POTW FlnalSludgeDay 2 EiTnt 15 FleldSpikingDay 2 Event 17