Document 3Q4a3Zz1r9vLwnv04xyX2p6JD

New melamine resins--less pollution A. O, BohleF er, Surface boating Resins Laboratories, Dyno Industrier A.S., Oslo, Norway - - - - -i Vi A graphical representation of the increasing number of How are amino resins formulated to be less polluting people in the world throughout time, would show their usefulness? tiai curve. By no means the-least: .cause forls.uctL |; resinsas one knows them today are produced by increase is on account of industrial science and technology. the reaction of urea, or melamine with formaldehyde and an Without developments in technology and science there would alcohol. They approximate to one of the following structural be no industrial development, and without this the increase formulae shown at the top of the facing page. J/v - V in, living, standards would be extremely slow; whether viewed As-.,iie Can see", these'resins ".contain methylene, methylol = * from the material Of health" aspects.. ti ) *; ether, butyl ether and methylo! bridges. It follows, therefore, that as the world's population It is almost certain that at elevated temperatures the increases so too will industrial pollution. Now that Man has methylol ether groups split in such a way that they can react, experienced pollution in such high degrees, he has come to with. substances containing -QH groups. With the addition - realise that some positive action must be taken, and with of acid, on the other hand, splitting of the butyl ether groups - 'urgency! occur, again capable of reacting with substances containing Whose duty is it to solve this pollution problem? If must, -OH groups. In the latter case butanol is splitt off. of course, be that of Industry, Each industry must solve its own pollution problems and must do it at a rate commen surate m the with that of world today the population - explosiqn ~ bdng experienced, Since the production of etherified amino resins takes place with an excess.of,alcphph.the.re^ns whish^h-.,etherified'with;. nbutanol wtiTcontain, a. quantity of-butanoLas'- solvent.- 1 ' If one nooks "at 'industrial, pollution, and in particular at pollution in the paint and lacquer industry, one can. safely say that there is considerable room for improvement. A marked improvement in reducing pollution from surface ' The question arises, how can such cross-linking amino resins be produced- at higher solids and/or with less objec tionable solvents and still maintain their sphere of appli cations? ', coatings can be made by decreasing the amounts of solvents If one can visualise a resin with --all the solvent removed used. In addition, solvents with a lesser tendehty to pollute yet having a viscosity similar to that tised in industry today, can be used. the resin must fee of low molecular weight. If it is not pos- h,- ; ..Certainly, it would be Unreasonable to say that as from sible to completely remove'the solvent one should endeavour tomorrow1--"No solvents". One can hardly do that. How to use solvents which -are less objectionable. It is in this ever, the time is fast approaching when Industry must act direction that the Industry appears to be proceeding. Let us to develop products which, when viewed as a whole, areJust consider melamine resins---100 per cent soiids typgs. bayafeewET r '' .as good if not- better-ffian :e|4stiilg|^dhets and are no more pfdduCed' whrire'ithe: teSffiten-t 'splittang. durihgl curing yields . - 1 Expensive, 5 j- . . .... J .... j . ..' ....: methanol., , The. product,: Which, is generally known" as It is this' relationship between better products and favour ' hexamethoxvmethyl melamine -gr, more correctly, polyffieth- able prices which all our Industry should endeavour to oxym^Hyl melamine, has been shown to possess excellent .achieve. properties With regard to its cross-linking characteristics.,On. ,. ... t If one. looks lap the*propgiafies: of; i|tdustrial finishes, that Is to 'say pai ijs 3andjd^qheisr:^jf 'use^Firidustiy Having ease of {application, rapid"during characteristics together with good appearance and durability, the, amino resins are a good initial . the -other hand the .product has' jib ether bridges but only methyl ether bfidgeS*^ti&^eans: that addition of an- acid is needed to cause splitting and reaction. It should be mentioned that the near monomeric structure ;. choice. Both urea and melamineresins can, in' combination of the products will influence: the speed of cure such that it wiifh many other Sim forming materials, provide both simple will react more slowly than that of a conventional amino application and favourable curing characteristics. They can resin. This, however, in many instances, can be compensated be cured at any temperature between room temperature and by using higher storing -temperatures. about 400C. The binders which are used in combination with amino resins can be chosen from a wide variety of substances such as alkyds, polyesters, t mylie resins, epoxy resins, nitro cellulose, acetobutyrate, polyvinyl feutyral. Amino resins possess functional groups which react satisfactorily and have better comparability than a number of other cross-linking resins. Furthermore, amino resins can be produced from raw materials which are inexpensive, using relatively simple pro One has now arrived at a product which is not only more acceptable from -the pollution point of view, but also shows exceptional comparability with a number of -OH containing binders which are either dissolved in water or an organic solvent. In addition, the -product also shows, in comparison with other amino resins, excellent adhesion to untreated metal surfaces. When the product also has excellent flexibility together with a high surface hardness, then it is clear that a remarkably useful resin has been produced. duction processes which are short in duration and give high The producat has certain limitations in that an acid catalyst yields. must be employed or alternatively if must be used with other- This has lead us to thejirea and .melamine using being film formers having a certain degree of acidity as well as widely employed in indus1^^i)r"automoSve applications, having , to use relatively high curing temperatures to obtain ^domestic,appliances., metaLand WocSenfuSiture (both office a satisfactory cure. and domestic) as well as board ftnishSTMand Jacquers for Research into methods for alleviating these limitations has floors, doors, etc. --- resulted in an alternative to a fully 100 pet cent Pr'bupb40b08874 roiymers, raint and colour Journal, May 9, 1973 443 1' -N -- CH2 -- NCH2-- 0CH2-- N- c=o o --C~N --CH20H EN ~ CH20CH2 -- N -- CH2 " N -- CHgOC^Hg 5 Urea resin e*=0 ' 1 ' G=*Q I H-- N--tCHgQS^-. v;' s "H ` * * .. ...... . M -- C.HgOC^Hg \/ HH -N-- C. H. EL N 7^;" j. ' . ^ i. ^ i 1!,-: i -Melamme^sittr'^s^^ >. * . CH *- CEU --NCU II CN -- CH20H2P -- NC . . CN --CHgOC^Hg r H . ' H IT H. . ,H N \ s .. -. accepting a somewhat lower solids content with a flexibility and adhesion more comparable with conventional melamine resins. 'It has been possible to produce methylated melamine, resins having up to 80 per cent solids content which cure rapidly under ordinary conditions without the addition of acid. Furthermore these resins are compatible with binders soluble in water and/or organic solvents. Superior products at higher prices are not usually the most desirable answer. When it can be demonstrated that methy lated melamine resins, given the right conditions, may be produced at similar prices (calculated on solids content) to conventional .melamine resins, then it can be fully appreci ated that research into "reducing the pollution problem has also yielded other very positive results. These will lead to strengthening the market position of amino resins by produc ing less expensive and more versatile cross-linking agents. giw, ^ *17 * ** f " .st V"* ** "* - s1 i- I* t I% *&*- ? P?.\ Polyester film aids European "Melinex" is its dimensional stability, of up to an arbitrary thickness of 5 mm. nuclear research and it was found that when the mirrors It does not cover weathering steels or A major piece of experimental appar were subjected to itemperaiture variations stainless steels tp BS 1449: Part 4, nor atus, designed at a Government research their planar accuracy was considerably hot finished sections, although the laboratory and manufactured by British higher than that of equivalent glass recommendations may in the'latter case, companies, has been installed at the, mirrors. Because the "Mirroriite" mir be_appropriate where appearance is im laboratories of the European 'Organfea-.1 rors are very fight in weight by com portant,' tion for Nuclear Research (CERN) in parison with conventional mirrors, the Geneva. framework required to support them The "Muon" experiment, mounted on j for the experiment is relatively simple, the 'CERN-; intersecting .Storage:- ring,* sh af sUbstanSal,;.rbchietSbh in' cost .Was demands, a .three-dimensional observaei achieved,, j ..,. , .,,. . .... Protective systems recommended in this document include paints, plastic -coatings, metallic coatings and vitreous.; ;'* enamel and; many of them are specified ,, " In BrifishStandards. tion system so that -the co-ordinates of the sparks can be determined. For this Corrosion protection of light purpose, 100 mirrors for simultaneous section steel In buildings , This Draft for Development is a re placement for a previous BSI publi cation; -PD 420, Which was similar in - . , ylgwiftg are required. .- .>/_<!.i-ViCilass vacuum-metallisffli With alum-'; inium could nor be used for the largest mirrors because, at the time, aluminium evaporation plants could not 'accom modate glass of the required size. eriaofls1 an ; architect conveniently to select a suit able anti-corrosion protective treatment for the light section steel elements in a building or structure in terms of the environmental factors' prevailing and the .subject- matter, but much less comprehensive. Price, including postage, 1,90 (plus 20p for orders under 2.00), From BSI Sales Branch, 101 Pentonville Road, London N1 9ND, - A solution was found in the use of desired life of the protective system. This 3 selected grade of ``Melinex", ICI's approach tp corrosion protection con polyester film,, vaquum-mdtallised with forms with the modern philosophy Of aluminium, u/Kjch was made into considering at the design stage the cost `Mirrorlite" mirrors of the required! of corrosion prevention over the whole sizbs by Pearson Mirroriite Ltd. of. life of a structure. , Sheffield. The- document which uses this new Sim-Chem at ACHEMA Exhibition Sim-Chem, a division of SimonCarves Ltd., Stockport, England, will be exhibiting in Hall 5, stand A26 at the Achema exhibition in Frankfurt, June 20-27, 1973. The mirrors were checked for accur and, as yet, unproven concept, is a Draft They will be offering a complete acy by employing telescopic sighting for Development, DD 24: 1973 Methods World-wide chemical engineering and techniques over the working length of of protection against corrosion on light construction service for turnkey con the light paths. It was found that dis section steel used in building. If it is tracts of any size, including refinery and tortion was very low---less than i mm, successful if will become a British Stan metallurgical process plants. (0,02 in.) over 17 metres (56 feet) ant! dard when sufficient knowledge and ex Visitors to the stand will'be able to see well within the maximum error specified perience have been accumulated, in its a scale model of a multi-million-pound for the experiment. use, DD 24 covers cladding arid com caprolactam plant built for Nypro (UK) An important advantage of the use of ponents made from light formed section Ltd, at Flixborough, Yorkshire, England. DUP040008875