Document 3Nyj91bwexGpKpoNYNmqR0JVa

*128 CHAPTER 6 1958 Guide-. Upon leaving an air-cooled space and re-entering a hot atmosphere^ sudden warming occurs. Experiments at the A.S.H.A.E. Research Labora-? tory26 and elsewhere26 indicated no demonstrable harm to a healthy indiy vidual. Adaptation occurred as soon as normal perspiration was estab-| lished. Mild exercise shortened the adaptation time. Most healthy, sedentary and slightly active men and women, normally! clothed and in uniform environments, with air velocities of the order of 25| fpm, are thermally comfortable the year around when the dry bulb air| temperature is in the range 73 to 77 F and the relative humidity is in thej range of 25 to 60 percent.27 | Satisfactory comfort conditions for persons at work28 vary, depending; upon the rate of work and the amount of clothing worn. In general, the.; greater the degree of activity, the lower the effective temperature neces-i sary for comfort. Clothing has been evaluated for its overall insulation^ effects by a physical unit, the clo which equals 0.116 C deg per (kilograml calorie) (square meter) (hour).29 Yaglou30 criticizes the concept of overalls insulation, and points out that different parts of the body require different! amounts of insulation. The literature on effects of clothing is difficult to| coordinate at the. present time, as much of it is still in military service; reports which are yet to be published and amplified. \ For prematurely born "infants, the optimum temperature varies from]' 100 to 75 F, depending upon the stage of development. The optimumf relative humidity for these infants is placed at 65 percent.31 No data are; yet available on the optimum air conditions for full term infants and! young children up to school age. Satisfactory air conditions for these agef groups are assumed to vary from 75 to 68 F with natural indoor humidities.^ For children (having high metabolism) at school, in winter clothes, 70 F:J has been considered correct, with 55 F recommended for gymnasiums. ' REFERENCE 1 Code of Minimum Requirements for Comfort Air Conditioning (A.S.H.V.EJ Transactions, Vol. 44, 1938, p. 27). , 1 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1031--Ventilation Requirements, by C. P.fj Yaglou, E. C. Riley and D. J. Coggins (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 42, 1936)* p. 133). ? * A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 959--Indices of Air Change and Air Distribu-' tion, by F. C. Houghten and J. L. Blackshaw (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 39,- 1933, p. 261) * * Tobacco Smoke Control--A Preliminary Study, by Charles S. Leopold, (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 51, 1945, p. 255). 3 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 921--Changes in Ionic Content in Occupied. Rooms Ventilated by Natural and Mechanical Methods, by C. P. Yaglou, L. C: Benjamin and S. P. Choate (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 38, 1932, p. 191), A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 965--Physiologic Changes During Exposure tq Ionized Air, by C. P. Yaglou, A. D. Brandt and L. C. Benjamin (A.S.H.V.E. Trans: actions, Vol. 39,1933, p. 357). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 985--Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Small Ion Content of Outdoor and Indoor Air, by C. P-1 Yaglou and L. C. Benjamin (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 40,1934, p. 271). The; Nature of Ions in Air and Their Possible Physiological Effects, by L. B. Loeb (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 101). The Influence of Ionized Air, Upon Normal Subjects, by L. P. Herrington (Journal Clinical Investigation, If, January, 1935). The Effect of High Concentration of Light Negative Atmospheric Ions on the Growth and Activity of the Albino Rat, by L. P. Herrington and Karl LSmith (Journal Industrial Hygiene, 17, November, 1935). Subjective Reactions of Human Beings to Certain Outdoor Atmospheric Conditions, by C.-E. A. Winslow and L. P. Herrington (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 42, 1936, p. 119). * TKe British Medical Journal, Editorial, June 25, 1932, p. 1182. 7 The Mechanism of Heat Loss and Temperature Regulation, by Eugene F. DuBois Physiological Principles 129 ; (Lane Medical Lectures, Stanford University Publications, Medical Science, Vol. 3 1937 No. 4, p. 348; also Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, Vol. 5l', 1936, p. 252). * Exchanges of Heat and Tolerance to Cold in Men Exposed to Outdoor Weather, by E. J. Adolph and G. W. Molnar (American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 146, 1946, p. 507). 5 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1108--Cardiac Output, Peripheral Blood Flow and Blood Volume Changes in Normal Individuals Subjected to Varying Envi ronmental Temperatures, by F. K. Hick, R. W. Keeton, N. Glickman and H. C. Wall (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 45, 1939, p. 123). 10 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1107--'Recent Advances in Physiological Knowledge and Their Bearing on Ventilation Practice, by C.-E. A. Winslow, T. Bed ford, E. F. Dubois, R. W. Keeton, A. Missenard, R. R. Sayers and C. Tasker (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 45, 1939, p. 111). 11 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 830--Heat and Moisture Losses from the Human Body and Their Relation to Air Conditioning Problems, by F. C. Houghten, W. W. Teague, W. E. Miller and W. P. Yant (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 35, 1929, p. 245). 11 Rate of Insensible Perspiration (Diffusion of Water) Locally Through Living and Through Dead Human Skin, by G. E. Burch and T. Winsor (Archives of Interned Medicine, Vol. 74, 1944, p, 437). 11 The Influence of Clothing, Work and Air Movement on the Thermal Exchanges of Acclimatized Men in Various Hot Environments, by N. A. Nelson, W. B. Shelly, S. M. Horvath, L. W. Eichna, and F. F. Hatch (Journal of Clinical Investigations, Vol. 27, 1948, p, 209). ._ 14 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 654--Some Physiological Reactions to High Temperatures and Humidities, by W. J. McConnell and F. C. Houghten (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 29, 1923, p. 129). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No'. 672-- Further Study of Physiological Reactions, by W. J. McConnell, F. C. Houghten and F. M. Phillips (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 29, 1923, p. 353). A.S.H.V.E. Re search Repobt No. 690 -Air Motion, High 'Temperatures and Various Humidities-- Reactions on Human Beings, by W. J. McConnell, F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yag lou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 30, 1924, p. 167). A.S.H.V.E. Research Re port No. 718--Work Tests Conducted in Atmospheres of High Temperatures and Various Humidities in Still and Moving Air, by W. J. McConnell and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 101). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 719 Basal Metabolism Before and After Exposure to High Temperatures and Various Humidities, by W. J. McConnell, C. P. Yaglou and W. B. Fulton (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 123). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 908Heat and Moisture Losses from Men at Work and Application to Air Conditioning /a c?T. C. Houghten, W. W. Teague, W. E. Miller and W. P. Yant if i ni ' Transactions, Vol. 37, 1931, p. 541). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No.1106 Air Conditioning in Industry--Physiological Reactions of Individual Workers to High Effective Temperatures, by W. L. Fleisher, A. E. Stacey, Jr., F. C. a <iUSr M. - Ferderber (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 45, 1939, p. 59). a.o.h.V.E. Research Report No. 1153--Seasonal Variation in Reactions to Hot Atmospheres, by F. C. Houghten, A. A. Rosenberg and M. B. Ferderber (A.S.H.V.E. Iransactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 185). 15 A.S.H V.E. Research Report No. 1151--The Peripheral Type of Circulatory auure in Experimental Heat Exhaustion, by R. W. Keeton, F. K. Hick, Nathaniel is man and M- Montgomery (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 157). i, Disease: Clinical and Laboratory Studies, by M. W. Heilman and E. S. n omery {Journal of Industrial Disease and Toxicology, 18:651, 1936). a, n D^rm?T?cS,in Ration to Environmental Temperature, by L. W. Eichna, 1945 25^58) ^s^le and Helson (Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Vol. 76, rJ te0J^al Response of Subjects Exposed to High Effective Temperatures CCaarrll GutberleMt (eAa.nSR.Ha.dVi.aEn.t Temperatures, Transactions, bVyolC. 5. 2M, .19H4u6,mpph1r5e3y)s. , Oscar Imalis and bridge 1938) and Altitude, by David B. Dill (Harvard University Press, Cam- mati7A>!leiwIPPTo limits of Environmental Heat and Humidity Tolerated by Accli- William R S' Working in Hot Environments, by Ludwig W. Eichna, William F. Ashe, colon,, Vni Walter B. Shelley (The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and ToxiMarch, 1945, p. 59). V.Ji. Research Report No. 1188--Local Cooling of Workers in Hot