Document 3NnYzpnGLvjnw19jqYZgV7pe3

S-^VSv4- r^r: ,, '^t r -4_ ^-S-*^--J-"I . 4' .; - C* *" '' K,* VJ-' *i . - <f * ?$p!4& V" ^ * <.? " / -. * - -. r-.;.,.: -,. ji* -.. ^ - ^1-? -. .` -* V Vfr-ttruSi Wwfg'i&^rffi'h^r^iiinf / 7** t*i >irf # HaaMi mJ ftay y j t*od Irrfinfri*. AuAriatlm, 1*4. itl M*4!oo Av*. New T*ri 17, M. Y. iiT*ll~ a r Ah+d With L*o<} S I 1 ?- .: ; L Septesber 2f I965 IZAD ETCIZSZ AID SA/ETT BQLLZTO >0. 16b To All Moefeara of tba lead IwLuatriaa AaAoclatlan, Xoe.t W aura AttarMeg for you a copy of tba flrat pub11Abed raport On tbe aurvey node by tb* Cblted State* Futile Health Service Aod entitled "Surrey of Lead 1a tbe Atnoepbere of Ibree Urban Ccrxrur.itl*i A Stsaary." 7M *urwy 1* tbe noet titSilvt emr conducted anywhere of potenttl lead expoAure La Air. Tba raiults of thla *urvey lndicAt# that there 1a no lend bAteurd At the present tlx* u far u tbe atacepbere la con cerned. Tbe ae&lcAl studies Dentlaoed la tbe report in sx*i complete sod sbov tbst tba United state* population la not absorbing exceaalre or Appreciable eaounte of le*d. V* beller* you vlll b Inters*ted la reeding thla Act Ira report, and bop* you vlll ba Able to anle good uaa of It. Vary truly your*, Kfi attacbaent Don 0. fowler f; ' ,,E..^.S, ^S* 'JRt-ka>L V- 1 'J < i N 436.01 Survey of Lead in (he Atmosphere of Three Urban Communities: A Summary J. H. IX'D+IG, <kJX. a %. PIGOk IVO.* M. t HtMUJJUJt,t m4 f. A. UAGAt V. i fkWw WmfcA ftrfri-- <4 Am NWms , CtemsA, tHie 0 A Hm mU| tf the tmrtmiiw wi M I* <W a-- krm f An * m <asiw4 dn prriaf ) 19(1 rW*^ May I9C2. TW m*mI rasruinrisM at nrtsi WrMiMi resold b Owiix^ f-- | w 1 W rwUdrVAte IfX lMU',M4laU Asr^i U UU/ %kh m*. si inyi^tiy l 1.4, t A mI JJ k It Wnr tnftr, t anrftrafmto nt|*4 In .L x* rfx- *n-Of --* brought |a hfb am data of tafruhf aiirr, ON MAftCH 10. It a iepn*t* a sub- w t v t as thr haw for m mxWim the titrl> mViJ tat the Nui|rrt Crufii of ihr nmJUtao of the <twum>Hrr In the Surtrvto i Mfa Health Vn oat ihr (hihU hrahh (Vtn al Ibii psfrt to a Mimnan rf itvuhn a(>rrt f mrmr*c ihr trirvihil lead foot. cwdutod prisoyisih m (Wr tmman atm n n4m furl The rry**( fivthnW th*l to carry lad the nutsiitr mod thnr A (tir data lle-n tkuU)>ir del m< indatir that (hr pfrtr frpiet* rf tire S>drt n aaf*hkr foe imsamrraW ()utt(v to (hr ttuitmum jo- dne ho r th in ruew the data in frealer -.4 *xlW (rutrth)l lead nwinx rf raster drjMh than that pmVf hrtna y ln 5 to I RkUilim prv fthnn wwk) ufmft* A dm uw* d ihr mrthrh wrd m the tto> ami) intiratr Sr hazard to fedf* laraith vmi<ihftt wit jifnmtrtf tn Mat lf*? * \| A hw# air ptlhitato In whmxttnf the frprat, that Wwiftotwo is ntuftV h drladrd re- the rcranwtirr rmtiunrruVti, hnr*ff. that of) ait nornuiMi w tie Mwh h fee* Mhirtinu) Kudat be ti*d*Nln] to (on *ir mef tot thr* jujvt The |r<TMi s j h ran wtr frhnitnf diU on Inrk and imxb of Mmo^ihrtir lead (rtoUmmttien m trlrrtrd tied rM unW the mrv-aA dtmtso tf a swkinf |mup msfixf if members Imn wUn arras and of ihr bnh Wdrn tf trad the IMihf Health V-r*irr. (aUoriis State f rioted ^w Uik s i |mwpi 1W auVt, Iv^to/iiterx tf M>U Health, A/nerwan fe* In hr t<t*dislrd ^ud) by t>e MJx l|ri)th ItrJrvm Iwtitve, Awlsnfslf Manufartitorrs Vrnrr. the mamd a* tuirr* tf |e*d *otikn k AtoVtolm, f. I thhtx dr Ntthum and sddinrK the prtnJmn industry, and other (Vmpiirr, F.thyl tWpe* and Kntefmf tf^styulf <rxMUi(Stl, wogU, if they (ahetoisy f the l nnrf%f> rf ('mrmnatt The toi>ttoed j* et >^aPy rf ttotinu' frt at# !M*v|fth4 isn the nor-year jr-rtnd. )*e !'*! thtu|S Via* l***?. #* a rnmfer rf t* 1 ->to Um) W to * (nststo* tit ('m*noatj. A^tn, and f tHi an*'* (, fh>UWI)hu, and t)e tf Uad and I | rlw a Wu t r \Mfto. isw wr>fto wiryA't Inan arter wf {^mUN>e fnu|4 J rt.*-w y * lii.w. Im t fu4 n n ** a.iim* tot these rlwt A{t|r>w>m*ref| tart^Arto \ *<**4 tf Vtf hmsf tui/tul itm the ' r in tlKSlWKl n* u* IH !*! I.t 1,1 . to.% (mMM U*te LiWMf ItWHUfT VkM h 4 >fW f r>t *#* * to#* (k***f. VtotM | w<tol *>#*-- tiMItriti -- 4 idta^iiffv jirrr okM tl * to(4 *4 20 *t in Ihr tW ntm TV (nrNnMrU ef Wtol in thr M*J *4 #)ffmufuuh JVX) wdi* \idu4Jt toM drVTTtoflini, AS toM tK>4 m tV nttnr <4 si^nnh'ftskli lTtt) wsks wdhto thr tow |fcv|* In tojdiimo in tVv nu^# a t * Mstln, uJ Mud** VM-TT utoWui'i to* iVtormw V rtwmifslsmi <4 ptfiiwUi* Wd t#> hr tm*f4<tr nktof Mrrrts wlh ls*) t/nffc* <nd in a vrh*toU# fonuwt. smi p*l>nwfu/> t#v>*^4>fjtmm tort* nu<W 4 |V (wvf#nifito o4 itfnar Irsii w |V *t*nr*> pUrt http*** <\hhr,*h thr fctofwiM* ft* thr t*todj >l* mnrri from (V ** 4 \r*d Mtilinw k toWitnrt im mrtm lurk the {nsJ 4 (V pro|* < ns* to drtrrmsnr (hr smnunu 4 lr*d in (hr stowplrrr ind in iV kU4 and urwr 4 human* to drttstd from iB tT*tmmtna*y irsKtn Nn alfrtn^ toto fftodf to pm^rsM ihr tourer* 4 Irtd ihat nnlnhitod to thr itotf-sfl Mnbirnl Irtrli 4 thr rnmmiiMtirt toMitrd Thr fto*ihf 4 thr pro^ttom torrr to (11 rstA>4rh IvAtolmrs fn (hr V*d r*totmt 4 (hr Atmmphrrr In udun arr#< and 4 thr hfcvtoJ totd tirw (4 srWlrd f*'puUfrwt |tnujn; (Tl srrtUiA tohrthrt dilfrfrtxrs fsnt to Inrk <4 lr*d in (hr Idrrd And itrtor 4 4 nrli> d`i*J nj*ivd to i|jfrt*M toftmtot* (4 It mI m simtnfVrt, il I* 1* Cweiwttl >* feHt 9 >nriy >HtlW>l fe CieiN Ml 1.1 >. 1.1 t.< 9.1 *.% l-t 1.1 Fj o v m 2. Aa mu J h w m* mmjiitHt am a rW U* Arm *****4 * CwMf >*<> C*Mf An EfUe*e C>--r4 DmWM Uww W Twtuly Wf** < Pi inin *# C+itll M U A*|itM T*t*w* . ** Cw* c>* W trW (W aha ijint . *nd (3) obtain diU |K| anuld prfmil ft*ew <4 the po*n>ti*lh harmfi*! rflnli <4 rmUtnf lead <n*xml/aiiro to thr ai/tn^her* c*> thr f^nrrmJ poj*>Ut*o m cn>fnti 4 ihr ^npuUlina t#*4 i* tf*e;/rrne4 l**d h contnbMtrrf k lb# mUofiwnt lbriM>fS h*h natural hd nufvrrwV prrwrw n Ihr imt 4 IrMlfNilAtfa^i in '{** fuel* ireuiii m the k the Atmosphere <4 both *w*(Aur ^wtiruUl# and OtfAAK trad ((KT^riMNit t/a) tltkft thf Almrepbrr* to thr muJtmg from the imturtlma c4 toil It t wrd m pr*rtr*tty rsrry t>je r4 indu^ry to Ihr rtlerM t4 *>*r4 me mthinn lorn j*t year, <4 H*h porteai mar r rje fc the i>wi*{^rrr m fwmr, du< te Uf/i>r v|f<o from mchotru) j!#fttf r*t ir4-frUtAifi( fia makru!*, tf, to**** heOrry ia mw Im Imt t , fir , Je**l fco*W in if to tlw mtMmmmi iKiwtfS the uw #4 p4* - u.W-^g^n.-yiv / .-y*J'-t >* ^'Vkti8 -fC-* ' - - > ->c A to ( Ntkl Ut ........... Ill t| > Mua* 1.4 V I. ^1 i* f t iimi rin| l.t Cm* Rh M 0ffc in ft----nut Lt 1*4 **4 W>rt4 tori a.i A#* ^Pp Cv^nl to tMtaaM it* n ant 1.1 4.4 M fiwti 1 Aama? >wMr +4 1k 4 h tW itwi tf4y W Mn M lW fWlr<|4 ***, fnrtktt, MwrctKwV*, ml p<Krt nolwlKtuii^ ma Uriah. trad it a natural cnntfHumt 4 wk 7he fbin (V r>mt by uh* b )rtd /mm ibrtr vtntRjt rmtfmnrt>u) k^rn inthn ihr human br<ly in mam ca*n mu* dr-* viova Wctt t/ lard In Man In o)MVfin( Ihr rffntl d trad m thr 44***{>hrfr Mi h# !r*| <r*>ur>4 14 th# btaal aJ uctftr <4 human*. U b tmprfatti* that Iha *ub/r< | \+ m irwrd /rnm ihr rrfliril U (hr t*4aj total# cW trad into ihr tih Ian) n uWn into ihr human tr*/j (r^m a matn o/ tourer* iht mwmwtrt. ft a merg'd m rarinua wmtoti ia (Jrprrd* bf cm ihr o v k a ( and taririr (oanmnl and t* ualrr cm tha kurct ut , it ta mhakd dueir>* normal irtpuafim ut mi ihr KMiii (4 ofMftto In ackbtam. |h**r *n urcupatK** toicdiir-e ihr aumifatwr, nr in* oI Irad-oav luhi^ tnatrruh arr to tfttaW n| trad i>*rn^h rfanucr dwmf hnur* No Hrtrf4 kM kutW m tlr frfrt*vd to If m r kMtMfl (4 palhlNr and Ihr p mIi^Ic fT*ki by *hwh |Uir trr* rntf4>wir to ihr h**fjr bwtr* *4 ,7^ ->.: ' '>mWi;:'?j&a5ifrr .i.,^ s<fe. ?S-S-iP'hSS_ * . `"'cv^a^ *- 11 kad. For ihi pu/posr cd rumkiMi the diu Angeles, and Philadelphia. Find sampling r- reported in the present study, it ' noted that stations were established la each of the cities: bi-rstigatioo* of Large numbers of prrmi four in Cincinnati and right each in Cos *iv> have nor been subject to discoverable Angeles and Philadelphia. The sites selected txfjoium to Irad in industry or under other were rrjimmuiivt of four major types of urtuaual cnaditinm, indicate a normal wpper arms -- tndiMtnsl, commercial, residential, limit of 0 06 miSiframt of trad pry 100 gram* and rural One nation In each dry wa* of blood. The uxmpondmg value for the Incased at the site of the National Air trad content in the unae u not m precisrfy Sampling Network. In addition, ih station* defined. For a much mere mmpbtr div were located, insofar as possible, within the Oitmo of this Hibjrrlf reference It made to same general areas from which subjects were the complete report,' or to the general litem* srlrctrd for the medical phase of the study, hire in this field. Site bvatiom are indicated on Figures I, 2, and X Ahwffitfk StepTe^ 4 Heed Sldim The trirclioa of cities in which to conduct Mufet invoked number of factors. It wa* brlrtfd desirable to mehide cities m which the lead levels appeared to be Among the highest in the count/? sod, therefore. the exposure of the population from these tourers would be (rratest. A range tf gr^igriphit*J and <IcmatoV-gwal factors was aW drwred h<iuv of tbr ntrfwne nature of bnth the atnmjihrnr and medical studies rmawonl t each location in comparison with the hail* *twr budget, the chrwee of Ircatioot w as howled to three cities -* Cincinnati, law AH site* were equipped with similar mm* pfing equiposmt ccmsntmg of a fiber holder contaiftmg a 4'tdoch-diamrtrr membrane filter (Type WSj, a vane-type pump and motor capable of supplying a free flow of 15 cfn. and an auxiliary nribrr-type tnrtrr* tng device for determining initial and final flows (Figure In addition, at errtarn of the ntes, an AIM tamfder utilising hW man No. 4 tapes was inuilrf to determine diurnal variation*. Sampling equipment houwd tn the special sbrlfer tucnlrurted far the purpose is shown in Figure 3. Samples were cWIertod continuously for the duration rf the study on the mrtnhranr filters cm futil 4 -W U| wsyfat' > i|iU< *wl gyftfpwy * X; uun|4r* per day on a rMcnd H&m (IV* fctnbcf thfmixh February, March through May, Junr thiough Aojfutf. And Vptembrr through November). y fjek <rf thr pArticipating Uliridrin per formed thr rhrimrul Andyr* erf thr mmplrt from A particular city, .s, t*x Anrdr* tMtifrfrt were by thr Cdrfoetui butt D^wrVnml erf Fuhftr Ibiiib tuboratoy, ('dwinruti Mm|>W by thr Krt taring tocy. And PhilAdrlphu M/R|>irr by thr Public Health Service IjrfofAtory. AU Uburatorim toed (hr drthianfir method erf Anahr**. modi* bed difhdy by each Ubniory to nut it* experience. Tn nubliih thr extent erf the variability erf AAilyxr* within And between Laboratory-*, Or cleartog hour nu)4ibrf i priftiM erf bilrrLaboratory compa/imo* tnvoht^g iy* ihrtir umpW arctmm erf tjrtul mraabcaair hltm aiovwphriv (u/tnutiV, And a)ui Srt erf ail atmophrr* tamfdn <rfbt1> Fa>t| 4 iU4--rf ifcrtiw ed dunrtf thr tiwh m (he three ntirx Thr drfTrrmm in rrwltt from thr there Labor a- rytWi vd 72. W. 24 Ivuri *1 A nomtnaJ flow rate erf 4 cim TW btw ryclr w m rhnrQ tn rmwntiitr both werbdjy Mid frirnd umpi^f In iW ioMtArn whrfe thf d itw hlrf trwillni in A Mjt*uniiftl dri iiw in Arm. Utm m rr (Kirt{ri] a* o/kn m wf pr tUy w M in Bvunuk a hftjd Ikm erf a I It mI 3 elm. Filtit pluj^mf, In thr (irtirr that fwj'iutd a 24* kwie* with thr tynthetx tamplra wrrr m* UeUitxaDy Hpuheni tn atubw irf mem* beanr hhm ronumwf aimophmr pnrtarta* Lie. b%iff, thr Afrremmt n<ei( frrulw , u >v*e m totidattory ,KlthmHih ircrntv-d etimuiti wr made to drtrrmuir thr trawna for tbrv rfdmwrt and lluit coenfJrVh to evwrrrt ikr tiimtirci, rfficli t*nr ta4 mturh towreWul Thr ftMCn he thr fmal drffrrrttn were not d^uimued. Urt mat *r*v Ifim Imwf ua^faif prtxd, onwml only in Ia i Ancrlrv ihd wtt jrrmtuAlrd during prtwwh erf phertnehnsMCAt pcrfhattovi. a lack erf drartttttAAikm erf thr tnrtbi*d m analynnf the (tenpin partvuLair w>|>lr a * coenftaml to a vrfohir. rweemaliy pt#r lead A/ki Ibr Mo)4n *m rWVtfcrf m ihr runpoutd in the lymhrtie tainpir hrId ibry fir H It* a l*wf" A tumma/y erf mult* *rf ana))M erf thr oprrtini by Ihr hiUr ||r*hh Vn iff in "Vi tutpl^ i ihemn Tal4r I. Tbw rmnriMtt h* (Vimwiwiiina erf the wri(M erf kKal ptftiruUtn Thr Ww* Wf then nil mto 10 r|u*J mv<v (nt erf which wrte rrlurtml to thr oofwMin* UhevAtoey let Ta ma I IwMrfi >Mto Owytfn driermcnatvi* erf leud rrmirot by A/uJyuA erf tr>r <* ww*e erf thr *r* too or "wedge*" Thr reevMuf^ wedge* weie irtoincd by thr dnttnf kwr toe fvlun Uirfn Mid hr mtrrIii<ohry etoinrf men 7hr Whatman Nfl 4 mpimtul tA^ex were je.erwrf by thr p*rl*i|wt*ng UUr* - ' A M ft I* A AI -A -A AA A 6 AA Imr to pemwle Mt 4-Knur m Iwehe 2*hnur jtf irftup. in^jin^i *[ AutM'. u ,ii,iji nmy^i .g SV-Y * vAfc-*" r%-.: r* 7 fr**wwf diurfiHfr W f* 4 Gmw h imM, Lm AmU **4 IHM i4 W*4 m |W y. I**. I A.---- 1 Uw Its} 1*4 ttropir Uvohrd 1S6 fthm. Otar arrtra (4 wli &hrt m AiuSmi by rk at iw Ulmtorv Md t*o trfion arrt uu))nrd U thr wt^hnf Ulaxitm, ()w ftnt it thr tunr of ihr *>(*)] ii)d the a rood ft* ISr t*tri.UhriD*7 (SnL Anm*r frr^n (hr ClWixma UbmtOT) >Mtr 9*4 SVw thr mer>E tirift, tSw (mm U* ToSirf HrilUt Srnwr loSnitv) ww 9^ >bmt (Sr mrt-iJl rnria, ux) iSrnr (mm thr Krttrmt l'*l*xtnr> mett iSr umr m Ihf mft^il rnria (Mfrtrmn ilf MilrtUith tafrufw MtL .MtSxtfh thnr (UtrfrMn iif IM W|f * to a(tnl the (onfwiUttt^ at iSr Mud) rvWt*. the* tSold nmrtKrlm (r M mmd whrt* llr dU (fnm tSr tarirw* rrtiri air iNrwd. lit the itwi^ihtp a t t thm* m thr Mr Ultra du|rm ftfum I, 2, Mid 1 la CjwwMfa thr narratnirat rutH hmn 0t * Utd U thr Ahwfti^herr No ttrff4 m matir ta bt U drtitf the <iatA td4A*onJ cJoonf thr HuJy ce to riiwtm U thr oihirurH iLit wrtr mad* Ril(wt, iwfi ilJ wiow) of thr t*/>fn at dlt+tr*imtf thr tnuhi *4 thr rtwdy, tt |rrvntrd m T4r II Mid m ftfurt* I thfOM^h ^ Mx) 6 throats 9. Thr umwaJ <rmie*tftUm at had ?*. 9 imm immmmmIw i -W Imf In iU mn i|L>h U ( Wa mH. |ra tad .-A'. - '/.v>vrafefc- It*. Ixtal Anraar IAU lit**) ImM (A)) SitMl ' (Micul A**r*f (AH tltaa) (war r#n VlAtAT Ifflxf HIa Ima Sa a a a a a I (tlafh >M) IHi Im tmnak UUgl* lit#) Maiaw* nwatAlf >wrM CAJI UtH) RaatM* nrtAiy Xarafi (AH UtH) rtaiM n*fAi/ Xarafi IIU|U Site) Kailnn **.tfcly Mf|l (IU|ll Utl) Ma Iimm IM))Aa 1 I#a |)A niw. tMii(H) ***) CinrtMkAtl l/l .t i.t U* 1.6 i.t - >. l*llA4*lpntA i.t J 1.4 l.t i.t l.l 1.4 1.1 U*riM M falil 1.4 tii} >.t I.I >.1 M 1.1 nmmmri 4,1 tr.ui ... (Aa t .) 1.1 IlM.) >.i tOrt.l 1.1 I.t im.i I.t low.) i.i (Ort.l t.t (Dm.1 4.1 (IW.) 4*4 IOr.) 1.1 11.* ItM.) 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 I.I (tKi*|) 4.1 trAi) a m itatir) I.I Otor.l 1.1 (Ott.l t.l (Ha t .) 4.4 i>i.) 1.1 tiur.l 1.4 IOrt.1 Hnvl ?H( cd lrad,/n' c4 Air ii (hr *** *M imkirim! um tn atwi \ ^ '* n Or *fr I hr or* mtrAltona m ** iirii m rhJir||>ha urni (it<m *** y to I f>g_ m'( and an l/ Anc^tn tma ) m 2 K.n' IV nm hsmtrd ru^r Ii* Anffrir* M n*iji#mi tr> thr mVt Nt* *u- m ^ttrAutrd u> tir *J*'rTwr *4 * t*Wi' drfiorO tuUitbA, dnrnkmit, and indurtrUJ M* llul rl> Thr a^n(r cnrvrntr*' l |n a B ui)4r (tilWlid fnrf the )r I 4 iHH tn' tn ('vviMuti. 16 m Phil*. *nd 2 1 Ml l-n* An*rU- (T*Np ||> l`*9 and *w w thr trann dutttvf hath thr hchnt r<xwmir*fMttM c4 Irad rtr m all t\*trr ntr\ Thr mi|f tt><'fti/At4 *4 a 8 tam|4n dvrwf thr IaII in (rmrnfaii rat pfttrt ihaR lK*t fdrtAinrd an ihr In la* AltfrUi hr *ot^ (ft aD tatnlrf uur))4n k m M% h4lrf tlwan lor *umnw, And m Ph*l*trl)>ha |V a>a| lor VHh (hr |a Q And tomtrr at a * *m * 'H** th,*n fr aurrwnrf Thr rar-nal (it(n*tfalinfl Al A M^U 2 I m ('irwmnAti. IB in PhtUdrtyduA, at m| 4 I In Ian Anfflr* ITa Mt lit. Thr tirvilwn In dr monthly mrAn rMnt> ttahon cd V*d |t* *H Mtn n thn*A k> Ficnrr 6 I hr nanthh {nrtcmirAiina fur all MiftjJn in h on m 2 I f<. iw1 in Caminrutt (Ornery*: 25 m fhiUdrtfdiAA l ( A Inlrf ) ; *id 5 4 n |x* A*frln I f V*rr*. hr?. Thr hi^hral lanothlr nmrntnlinft for a o t one tr mm .1.1 ^ m* to fan* uinatt {(htofcrv); 4 4 in PhiUdclfduA (Onohrft; And 64 in |<m Anffrln (Drrrmhrr) (Td4r II. Thr Im<Vk trrrrAiraikn t4 lr*d found m Any umplr in rxh td thr thtrr otir* mm 64 p4fm* m ( jtwmavah {OtoVtl; 76 hi fhaUdrlphui (Oct/d^t;, and 114 Ml lx Aftfclr* (IVtftdrf {Ta JOt 1|i Thr A\rr- A*r id a D *trWiT ma a 21rr thAH thr nnaff hr a II wfrlml iuam)4r% in Ian AnifW In (*uuuii And fhaUtVIphU thr ultra urtr wiuU/ for *frhli)t And fcMfrdt Al uwltiwlual win m a B ihirr film, linnrf, thr n**>th)y |rJ ronrrntfA* lm Atf rdtm lourrt m wWayi than on wc-rlrrtda I hr Vi(Artih*raf fmlulnlity Irr- tftirnry (iMtnh*tut rd w >4i>h Ja I AtrUrnr Va I **fi|4ra h *hr*n m fn>ir 7 Vtfulltn to a J>I thr |nnr5h< mr*n (nt Ian ,*'-i8j^fgg I. i- v AnfeWt and Philadelphia k quite WmiUr, u indicated by the pncaJWhvni U the ddributern. Sot only k the averafe. Inti In Cb cinnati loverr, but the variability d valuer k Wm The CMidillM) brlwtra the imMiAt at Wad end the tool particulate mailer on fdtm lor Cincinnati and Philadelphia met a* about 0? and that in l<na Anfriri 06 The average rontnl id lead in all unjijn d paniculate matter u 2-3*4- In law A/*rW>, \.lrj* la CuxiaMti, and lift nUdel|diU. Variation over thr year M hoton iin Ftffvire ft The (framt arrunrul ddftrwt occurred in Ian AiqtK vhnt the winter prt(rnU|f to a* ihmit htfhrf than thr utmRMt value. Thr Iwwt hr thh dJlrtwe are M rlrtr. An rtpliMtiM) n frtilaum.l by tie (act that tl#tt Utile rhanfe ta tie nrra(t quiMi- tin at tutpmdrd [unirubir matter brttotr* thr tucronre and thr (aO-winter teaaont Ff- mr II abn them* that thr prttmUfr d Irad in fWtuuLte matter mm hifher in thr fall and to utter than in thr and rummer in hetoh (anonnati and Phlalrl^ilua the inatu) imir d Wad tn llir iimq*lrir wa* 'j ' firatrt vkawtot thr rthr isvening datUgbt hoorv Aim tuitul inuruiM a w Rimt (ir^^atil and traAv Wnvti than m thr earhr after- anno <U)UfU hnet, tohen mdar braUrnt 4i the grratrtf and U*fcc a j i at an intermediate Jnrl Thi* (rortd pattern held tWjfh*4 aO rmai with an rartr mnrninf rwm m thr range d li't tn a* compared to thr annuaf ntrafr at /Sfr cited ahme. !Wer mv of thr wtra In each d thr three ritin m thr Weal** d thr Nanoral AW Sarttphng Network nation at thr PubUr IWahh Vrvie. a (tmparttoo wac made le* tween thr NASN valuer dHwmJ from (Iim y#t Men and anahrrd l*r niuiwn qrr* trvmriry hhe tnual MANN teehn*|ie> and tie value* d'tiinni in thr |rnrtit etitii fn-m aaaH** d rodlijetor *mp!e* \ry tl>e Uithuonr mnirii tft ('tMintult and HtilaJri|4iu, thr mrA frtowmtratwew Aniotid by thr rnrth* <*h d tint biir**otrtot were alrmi |f>*4 freatrr than thine obtained Iq thr NA.VS trcluiiqoct; tn Lot AnfrWt they weft 10^4 lo-wrt. To obtain tome idea of the tnmdt hi lead conrmiration in the three cttWfl, unanalyrrd pctoticmt d MmpWt retained In Na SN file* were anaherd for Wad by thr dithtnmr method. Thr revolt are thown tn Figure 9. Three k no comiuetit trend for alt three cilin; value* In Cincinnati and Philadelphia decfraud, while thotr in Lot Angrier hw rtmaed. Since aa pnOutinu may vary ngmf* imntly m cuncrointern from year to year became d metroroW^ica) and murre fartnn, it u not poewble to evublnh trrdt on the hath d the Umjted prriod for which data are avadabW. Over-all. thr data reveal litlW ihangr over the prnnd IWUil. Special tampWv were obtained In Cinein- nati and lot AngrW* by ue of mhilr (dm to drtmmnr Wad concmtratxtow when the Irvt irludn were traveling in traffir ttrraim or parked at the curb at varvou* Wiiitm Alto, a Mudy d a irlticuiii tunnrl w at undertaken, and preliminary imni^v tmm were made d the tmmiutuni d nrtiiM Wad in thr atmntpSrre dn{ vlrret* In Lfto An<eWt heavy traffic, nru airmw. pbmc Wad WveW were alma 25 in (!<ftoinuti thr moa talurt were about 14 eC'm* Succnahefy bmef Value! were i>njod at firatrr dxUantrt foen liar trai^r t{* valuer obtained at curbude *k< . buy rewdmtiaJ toirri m (urnmnali averaged 4 6 ni'ni', and thotr on a country mad a <rr about 1 In the Sumnrf Tumid touihr m Bnttim.* wherein 33.000 vehirWt pet day tr averted thr tlien two-way tunnel, outWl mu frrvn thr irAliUunt ryttrtn contained 443 atL'm* d Wad. compared to I t HL m* M thr mWi air Ihe contniMitmn d Wad (er vehicle w at (imputed tn be 31 milhfrarm pet mdr travevted. Thr rrtuht d tie drVftt>naUto of thr (oewentfatatow (f orfanic Wad m (Vote traffW on nty Mirrti were highly Incmdttrnt hr? j'i*e d tie low W-vrW d orfanic Wad rvMountrrrd Viml vamphnf inhAquet wrtt iit.it/rd. and it toa* that thr con- cmlrttAtot d m*4iw Wad a(/pearrd to varv invereh with thr v4umr of w vamjdrd Prmir rva)>atMei d Wvrh d ntfank Wad l i. r i SPRSP*.: 290 196S 7mA III DmriWiM tJ In Vw v h h Ocewp*--d A4<Wm| ! CoMMIfAltMl d Ll4 U |kn4>OMlllMli Im4UM4 B*t taito (Hi NA- f toil Ma a to-- -- t--A It-- De--e f*t*IB**i-- N-- tw it-- V--A at -to n-- rw i-- O-- Ito tt-- or bn Ba lt-- AIWA tauajM IOIO ia-- 11 IMM -- l--l -- MBMIA THO M--B --4 (to toI A it IA n M 1 K-- AA-- A- -- -- A--1 Aa-- -- -- t -- *a-- ia-- -- n m AA-- *-- to 9 to AAM Aa -- 9 M AJ-- **" A 1 tt am *-- 9 1 to AAto Ato >r A * IS Ai-- AA-- -- A tot A-- **" i i Ito AA-- ito t h ua am l' in thr tmoi{4irft out be done only after drlpbu And Lot AnfeWt no to draw from dnrUjprornt t4 iropcmed mrtWi <4 um' racH id>^(1 mr lampic <4 idicd c4 10 to piirtg *nd tady-t Although it wu not pni- *0 ml ihii(h a Wad-free iliifilna itori tWr to AMift) nny decree <4 rrUahdit? to the needle into a Irad-ffn* Wulainn A uivflr tprcthc tilurt n| ofnW W*d drVttuioed, c4 uiinr ai uba (nan each male U result* indicated that the organic Irad aubject At thr time thr bkmxl sample to -- <tt%bintr> W-- than \0*t c4 thr ifti^pnK drain After dier-um r4 the blond ana urine Vad, nd tKat in tl pr4i*hi}ih ri n cun* s*mjW\ a ththmw a i jirrformrd : wdftnWjf undrr th-- value. to Oeimmnr thr hul trad runkul (Thr procedure in Cancmnab differed tnmetohal |ioi9kl Stwdm n that duplicate uir^irt <4 blond *rrr ob< U-rd he aruiiui in t<rj{hy in addi- In conjunction --ah the atemcpbrnr Mtidir^ imn(i(4tioM tone conducted to dr* trrmine the Irad content id thr blood And urine <4 trlrcted population frowpa in thr ihrre citiet. In frond. the tub/nt* wrtt rlrctrd cei the foOowir^ bam: {I) Moat c4 the itdniduali had no known tm to thr Jiihumr method | A iteiai And med>cd hrOoey. including wmAinf habit*, in i<Uiinol Imm each inlniduaL Bnaur there tone nor d^rnneo in the drtailrd pwrditfrt (d (hr Imd^kai phar <4 the program m the three ritin, each atudy m darutard indrvidu*0y. ' * industrial nprawlf to lead. A for Citoiauft gr<>u}* had aume opportunity foe ot> InmUfalam 4 thr Miyiral effeeb c4 tu(utcul rcpiMtft. (J> A* toide An aduh Afr ramfr a a po--ibW toA* churned. (1> Within apriihc group*, A* efud nutrv bet td male* And female* weft toWeird toherrvrr [owl>lr. (4> Ail tuhjorta had U>td in the toatvey Arm fee At Wa*t hie ye*r* fenrrd rminmmmuJ ripwurr to Wad in 1'iw innut> |inamVci ahn< himhat dWTrf* erl !um than thmr in thr other otie*. largely hrcA'i*e 4 lie AtaiUhdity r4 data njitaiird j*n**dT n gou{* i4 ul>je<tt ia that uty. tl n drwred to inc*j*x*te into (hit M*>dy th* d*U hi there imctti* mails In m>>h>ri about persona and to the ra/lief itaia by dinning l 'll-- gmrra ) per* dure fmfdnyrd in Pula' |rcm|n of |nwn* who tpenl mM 4 thr* f VJfr 4JHWff,p> r?5i? **31* i.. >? - '. iff' LIAU705, * / % * ? 'V- ; `if- t*4iulri*l Hyp*** /orW Tk mu l IV p^ributitii U ft/HM la Vv mm OtntMtioMl Cmpi Areontiaf I* CoAft*ui(V>M of Lead in I'w - Ciattoatf Imd m WW *ft ww J^T eww w c--m awl * emft We Dww*e \m tarn ma t*a t*M IM Me ifta* tea AM Oft h* iumn rw QUm Dmc Im. ftww tM um IMft mm aamaam *NMm IMMW Mm * MUMt* mum aawam* ana it Tm* Mm am. Dm. il 14 t to t 4ft a a a a u a a ft It at tt a B a n tt tt tt ft a r a a t t a f a a at it ft i 1 * t t att ft t a 1 tt 1 t ft tt 1 l1 a in tt m ttt a H it ft tn m Uft 0 ami aam aam amt im um lam aaaa amr amt MB *M aau tail ** aau IM aau ami amt aau Uft aaaa working hour* regularly tn the tttrett and o a the adoialXt of the dry ckwr to motor traffk, t ty pobce, pniunot, ftrrmm, and hrahh drfurtmrnt employers Thr pftnctpnl anahtwaJ data mi Wvrh of trad u) thr bLr*d air awrnibWd m Table ill aiudin^ to the (rnjomc in (A occurrente (1 tuidut lanert of thr caacmuatxm of lead m the blond aod wife The culiUhdinf rumjiW, vo tiar hgh wV. t* that *4 the tnrrluMa, h> a* a group are boro to be ftubjrct to cu|wtifyu) Mptnuif fc lead othrv than (rcwn vrhklrt Fi4W-ing in retire rw parking attendant*, dnmt of uo, traffk ulhnt, trrvke tlalm* attendant*, rrfuvry Sandler* of ptulifte, all pkarrtneta and hmw. pmto<fwr mpk^rta, and city health drjiaet/nmt etnploym. The 4*llrrrrt beiwren ihc-*r grt**pt reach WatiatKal togTufwanre at mml intrniH (nan t)e lwnt u> tie Sghet In only tntn pnifH did the level of lead in the Word r\( red 0 (W> rng per |0O gm The data c* bad tn the unar, the*** in Table IV, rthdnt a remarkably tm*U (Wgfre if variability tnmWtm{ that nearly irfl) ferwkfrt in divergent walk* *4 Ufa were in* rludrd in the nuvry The vahm firt^nl from to U IT n*f if lead per hire of urine. To determine whether the concentraum of Wad m the atmosphere, if dktnbutrd m a lulfirirmly diwmrthe order of magnitude throughput weU-drhnrd arraa of the city, would reveal iu effect* through the rrtponm of the rrtidmu of thne arraa, the mbyrti wnc clatttbrd arcceding to the lour general arraa its which their hotnr add/v-Mr were utuatrd The troulu (ailed to demooatiaU a valid it nenntrttl fetatiomhip U tween tWw Aim ar.d Vad content of the blood or urine, indicating that the effect of frudener wa* not Hiffuirnt ftu override other Influence* (hat contributed to thr abmrptino of Wad by the (t im|* frlrcled. A utmlar analyu* of the data relative in wnokmg ha>*l* repealed that the difference*, while very email and rtativticaDy not dgnib* rani (with one minor exception!, exhibited a *lgb trend toward the occurrence of larger quantitie* of Wad in the blond and urine of rnoker* than of rvo-vrnokem A *rrw* of additMwval reUtiomhtp*, **h a* age of rub* yrc tg duration of thru employment in their %|wxifw vocational categiwy. iixi (retain pby> kal ailment*, faded to develop corrrUtiona that Indicate an ****>atkn between thete factor* and the *lwr>rpti<> (4 Wad Ut the Wwly Although duration of employment w m not a fact**, the occupation itartf *u, a* opted earlier. ^bbSa^fik^bi0^i' M3 1965 Ta ma V DimflwiU | Nrvwi (a Vv Ww OcrvMiUiJ Ctv*f* fctoni** w CaAcewtrsfto* m Lasf is >kwd--Us Angth* nw o U iM 1G**23 fioupt of thcmraDy 3 Individual* were ftudted. I>ata on lead level* in the blood and urine are tinea in Table* V and VI. The difference* In the meant of the variou* group* are vnall and are not *tattk*fty tigniheant; only in four 'mdividuak did the lead level in the blond fined 0060 mg per 100 gm. The highert mean Inch is both urine and blood occurred in the pobrr group. The high* rat value* of Wad hi thr blood of female* m both groups are lower than the comparable valura foe the main. When the hade groups were subdivided to Irrmt of their rrtidrace in the casual, central, Lot 4*ge{rr or inland area*, no tigmheam difference* in bad level* sere otamel Offerer*v* be* Thr Lot Arftin Mudy (ktftwd id tween moiert and poo unoien sere imatt, i nxnptrt the lr*rh of trad in thr blood and but in meal tmtantre inti* in tmolm of ufuie of group* epuxd to di/Trrmt degree* cigarette* were moewhat higher than in of air poUuUoo during the count of thrif w-tnAm Analyvr* to rrtlrct commuttrif normal daily activities Subyrrty were trlrctrd tune indicated no prugreniro of talur* with on the hat** of both Id me and *ovtmf commuting time in any mpbyTwiii group. are**, time tpmt in cxaremitu^ id and from F-xamisatire* cf the data lor the chronically work, and the type* of traftc enrouotrrrd. 3 mbyertt gave d o that iQnnart Lrofdoyrrt from a major aimait plant. munx> <f the fvpr uudied (rr^urttory. kidney, and t*aj employer* in frtadrna. and txs Angelr* Uxw condition*> reruh ta any tprcial bonr. < Jh pulse tftr etalrd In irflat the i>v m# maiitirj a thr mrtalnmv cf Irad cowudevatvot at Wtm: (!) indmduaW who Ir\td and totbd in the rwtnl ptiwa d the bam, (2! thme who wrbd in the u>atal area a(ni li>rd to inland area*, ()< thme who neve rtprwrd Id heaty potiutiun move vehicle exhaust hrcawir of thm ofiup*ti, and (4) thme who lived and sorted in an inland wra In addition Mortal rk<ud*irM* T)** rtiiUdflpbu U'vh. Me that u* L*a AngrWt, a dewgnrd to compare Irveh nf lead in the binod and urme of gresip* rxjmard to different drctrrt if air pollution during tlieir normal daJy wtnitet Subject* sere trlrctrd on the ban* cf brh bting and working area* from the following groups: T*mi \*l f)Mritwti U Uii*i U Vmmm 0#eiw>d (Imji A** t*-di**i tv ('^wrMDiaa at UW m Vow* hr Ar>n 11 ^ fort*trafhr and psfnf-ca/ pfervnm who worked in thr downtown mt *, 106 mda* \h !u *W who lord and *<wkrd within a 2V Work radmtef the FYuJadrtffua Lity Halt, 30 indnxJuah who trved in the f%Jadrlf>hii wliurh and who commuted daily to work in thmnMrwn Huljffl|iluj, and II mdi*iduah who normally tfrnt ther mix# tare in the wbitU In additwxi, data were obtained Ifcen a group tf ?3 indniduaW known to Ka*e thnsix d*ra*r* cf th# liver, kidfiry, hew, or King 7*l*le* VII and VIII dwm the Itf^urtvy *btfihMl*<n cf the ton* mtratMsw cf lead In i: 5SS pw -s b -w *iii JpiJ, j _1.uj m\>h.iiu iy^!^^i ! yam pw^Jt'wii w., w h o .'till * ja ww * i&tk M**tti*i J/yftene ]*u***l WJ Ta mi VI! Dnubutiu ml rfk4W AnatiiMf to iW Typm mi GwRUAitr *m** (^Mf riM of U*4 toi Wd IVUcM*** fk M to* HU I M# kM Mt Ml M4 MM lito t M Ml AM* (* *4M UP M AKA AM dto blrtil *nd urine f l)v ttfioui gnaipt. At t>M> tin d midmce tod wrw|uiu thifti frren the inrv of ibr oty tcmAid ihr igbuiiN, InrH of ifiJ io (hr blcrd lend irmutmlh doiii*inS. Ixirli (rf the <Jon* Imn pnbce Bir dyhUy higher tKili (boar lot the (kmottMfl r u W N<w* cd the %ahjr tof hlnod Irad mmW 0 (H9 me prt t (O |m. TV d*U tom* aho rummrd with rnfWt to other Utoft WV nnc4m wit [urnj Id oon-vonim, tV prrwmtrd ki(Vf KtoBl) \ ahjrw than dd Irtt* n4rti, unr| the dmnitmn (rulr\ V ntf, (V viiun *rff ihr umr (of brth 5?re:pl Lnd to* |V tJnrd lKWifd ton trmi tavth if; Irad InfK in V unito <Wrf4*d iro*ftotaW with age Aa a Wa rf itoiiMf kadkated lhal tV rrinwwhif* V*. l*tm iV menu ranmuiatioa of lend io blood nod bod* mnoting And competition of group wot Btatncicajfy tognihraM. The re* Utinmhap hrt wren lead in (hr blood And ten m of qvrtinnablc ftagnihcance. The muhr rd tV ttudirt OQ the ch*lexically ifl (KMp indicate a rvm cd >lun that Me nmhrr irmarialily high nor low. Sewniry to the combined du from (he (here (kn, the owrMraiinoi cd tnd in the blond woe d<uiied for a told of 2*542 iadewiduak, 126 of wi bora w t t ? wlrcled futimb with mib m chronic dnraart. In all. It pmoni torrv (ouitd lo have cencrnl/alicim of lead m the hind rqundmi to or m extern cd 0 060 mf prt 100 gm of btoud Thne II pence** toTTT from k t o o { that had an oppor> tuiury foe mdwtuu) rtpmuit to trad. An Additional XI if>dmduk writ found lo hate lr\tk between 005 and 006 mg/100 gm. Again. nm of thrw todniduak were from (irupi toith |4niuJ occu|iBtinul rvpoiurr lo trad lead Intli in (he urine wot dr* Irinunn) for 1M1 maW in (hr ihmt (TWip. TVe ralura frU mainly within a fairly Mitmi rai^f* lliat w m wtH within the Emiti 'Mined prrwMly A* "nnrmaTV The bighr* Ta*a vtlt *d Main AmrAie to tW Tit* f CtoMtoJir %mpmmern r --* Cw***ri* d Lnd to Uftar-- rvu*vw* Uia ** WM. fir ~ iiir Dmto Mm 4W A AtA* Alt imim AWA4to toMtto IMMIto IMMM* ****** (MMM tWtoto *4 Jew 4 T 1 I If MO **14 1 4 tl i I f i M a At* 1 It n it 4 4 i M At* 14 t> 14 44 1 r IU AM At* ^rfF mr&ysr** ^ . - Tuu nc Ant vilun, ind ihnf la be m WlMMry | CcMMHIAUMM J WWW Cfwp* l ia Ht 4 l orderly prt*rem*na In valuta according k> the inml likely Concentration <4 Wad m thr ntmoifdirrr to which tbnr grouf* vren e* pmnl Fnr rum(4r, valurt ir Imrnl far thr tuhorhan wl mral groujn* tntrymrdiatr lot d<wivnin rn}4\m, and Iu k Ik H among thoar working with motor vehicWv, tuch a* dm era <4 ran and parking aitmdama AW tbou^i Mir ad ihr fmups f / , ewitahfy garajje tunhanwv are raptord to Wad KO |mUu !K, Utfy arr ItMrd m dim ron^ofi* thr \e\rh c4 1rad in thr blood. TV UlrU- hnod that dir laruMity c4 the amount* of Wad inmird tilth (red and bnmpi ir* rininb l<r n*t* oi thr diflrtrwn cannot br icnnrrd. It n uitj^rtar>t m mnfHiie that tiw ddrfrom in Wad Infli brlwrm thr lotmt and thr hiflri <4 thr jirti}*, wlwV rrlatnrty Urfr, arr uHl wttluft dir (wnrwJ) mr|)trd raniff lor human* and arr not wjtnihr ant m Htna cd a thrrat id thr rxiunetKr <4 trad itkmritMO wnlua thr (tnijii In frtv-rai, thr rtnuhft (d both thr arn*- mrtttf and Iwitfril phin <4 thr itimti* film* confirm |u k bndutcv abvk tm h*rd no nvrr lumtrd obrnitvm i wrrr a* WWi* U r^al v> rv io ArUmlWfnaiH i rvt^ (i OCB 9^ Irtri <mi ?1 n)aj In n* In tV fr*Kh t >4 tlr ittxiin U ihr lltfrr m run* t4 0(f* n^ Urv. 'i titm. thr Working Cftmjt m Vad (routta* 4 Eh thn^k thr Irjd intk (r* ihr nrtirr nation w* annird V a great thanber t4 fn^ urth j fni mrptrnv arr wrthm the ittdnduik Irum all r4 thr pulx^atof pnl^ normal yange n bum*m, niMivalmti Krjmrhtattm r4 the ytxin ibr diti ilxm nr gradation* tnfoiMr lot thr dit-lo-dit (^rtihna of fd WxJ n thr blr<l Wtid In tnr r4r thr fo>)rt t arid thr anatyM* c4 thr data tnv irtdtuDf m thr pU<r f4 rrvdnvt ind work drml miituMr mve Thr rdTcrta <4 thnr vaiw* from prttl In (rttfki urkM area* A mdnvluah acre rwntiaJ to ihr completnm w*xj (rUt* n nUld In vxrrng i4 thr fwtvram, and thrir cuntHhuCtona arr ff< (v<plMiru! ripnirr to rt> gratrfuth alnrulfdfrd o4 frmh i dn*rd Vx mv r4 Wad m tWv bkw*l than rnt^iMihlr In reach all irnunm vrvJim i^nwnl vVMty IntH than rmfHn4m AQ (4 tVrr tariaMr% w**. mx^ing halK wnl njwnrtf In awtomrdrtlr e*h*H to> U indfprTMVnf >4 ear h othrr In TftMr IX l)r Half are MUA|f(| M rwfle? <4 the >*).*"* r4 Wad m the hk>*t IVtf to I (tNiflU(J rii/tfifhff (OUW lu U fill mg ad Iral jirf 1 (JO fi r4 Klnral) to IrlacancM I u--i i----- -- 1~4 r**a *.aa kl|M NIo* .f tw w\ 'tw> i ui. aa | tw ^ L.H !->* a Nt*-***4> iUw*.% U f t-* ( mt vMr 11.lK(.*I. < v> > t* *WH t }M M I i w-- >m iw w i >w> (. .tti.i a^*.*.*. / t* r*4 t >** -* - it r l V a I *a v ) i,t #* V-..I t***4 f tM imi I. & I ;> i ' at p-