Document 3NgekNKQJJROkJRLae9gngQ3y

SciFinder Initiating Search References: Ionic liquids Advanced Search: AND CAS Registry Number: Search Tasks 37181-39-8 = Triflate Anion Task Exported: Returned Reference Results (577) Search Type References Page 1 Task History September 19, 2023, 8:32AM View View Results Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved. Internal use only. Redistribution is subject to the terms of your SciFinder License Agreement and CAS information Use Policies. SciFinder Page 2 References (500) First 500 Hits View in SciFindern 1 Characterization of ionic liquid -containing Pickering emulsions emulsified by hydrophobic fumed silica By: Xu, Minrui ; Dartiguelongue, Cyril; Magna, Lionel; Dalmazzone, Christine Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2023), 676(Part_A), 132085 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A Pickering emulsion is a dispersion of two immiscible liquids stabilized by solid particles anchored at the liquid - liquid interface. Nowadays, ionic liquid -containing Pickering emulsions are playing a more and more important role in catalysis to immobilize organic acid or base (dissolved in ionic liquids ) within emulsion droplets to tune the reactivity of these catalysts and increase the selectivity. In this study, some ionic liquids commonly used for catalytic applic ations have been selected, characterized from a physico-chem. point of view (d., viscosity, interf acial tension, contact angle) and used to manufa cture ionic liquid -in-heptane emulsions (IL/H). The main parameters studied are the influence of the nature of the cation (1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation [B MI] and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium cation [BMPyrr]) and of the anion (bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion [NTf2], hexafluorophosphate [PF6], tetrafluoroborate [BF4], trifluoromethanesulfonate [CF3SO3]), as well as the quantity of silica nanopar ticles and the volume fraction of the dispersed phase. The type of emulsion, the size of the drops and the stability to coales cence were systematically determined and analyzed according to the physico- chem. properties of the systems. It is shown that it is possible to manufacture stable IL/H emulsions up to a volume fraction of 30- 40% depending on the systems. The main parameter to take into account is the contact angle of the nanoparticles towards the ionic liquid used. This study provides a solid basis for the development of stable emulsions that can be further encaps ulated for the implementation of continuous catalytic reactions in a two-phase system. Keywords: hydrophobic fumed silica ionic liquid Pickering emulsion Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 3 2 Evaluation of water + imidazolium ionic liquids as working pairs in absorption refrigeration cycles By: Kallitsis, Konstantinos; Koulocheris, Vassilis ; Pappa, Georgia ; Voutsas, Epaminondas Applied Thermal Engineering (2023), 233, 121201 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been proposed as alternative absorption media for water in absorption refrige ration cycles to replace the currently used lithium bromide, which suffers from problems like crystallization and corrosiveness. This work investigates the use of imidazolium based ionic liquids as water absorbents in absorption refrige ration cycles. A predictive procedure is followed for calculating the parameters that mostly affect the perfor mance of the cycle, that is the Vapor- Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) of the working pair and its heat capacity: UNIFAC is employed for the VLE calculations while a new predictive method has been developed for the heat capacity of the ILs. The effect of the alkyl chain length of the cation and the type of the anion that compose the I L is investi gated, and it is shown that ILs consisting of imidazolium cation with short alkyl chain and the anions [Cl] and [D MP] exhibit the best performance in terms of Coefficient of Performance (COP) and circul ation ratio (f). Comparison with the conven tional LiBr absorbent indicates that the best ILs exhibit higher COP values but higher f ratios as well. Also, double cycle configu rations are studied revealing the major effect of the supplied heat temperature on COP, even for the higher tempera tures, compared to the single effect one. Finally, it is shown that there is a clear correlation between the COP of the refrigeration cycle and the product of the circulation ratio and the sp. heat capacity of the strong solution, which is proposed in this work as a new reliable index for screening different ILs as absorbents, without the necessity of solving the mass and energy balances of the cycle. Keywords: evaluation water imidazolium absorption refrigeration lithium bromide; vapor ionic liquid equilibrium Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 3 Piezoelectric film including ionic liquid and electrophoretic display film including the piezoelectric film By: Matus, Yuriy Borisovich; Gu, Haiyan; Sarvi, Ali; Dicinoski, Greg; Muke, Sani; Lussini, Vanessa; MacPherson, Charles Douglas World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2023164446 A1 2023-08-31 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Disclosed are piezoelec. films comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and 10% or less (by weight) of an ionic liquid The films have a higher amount of beta phase and can be poled using external fields without addnl. treatment, such as stretching. The films can be used to create piezo-electrophoretic display films that do not require an external power source and that can be patterned for use as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. Keywords: piezoelec film ionic liquid electrophoretic display film available Substances (27) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 4 4 Desulfurization of Diesel Using Ionic Liquids : Process Design and Optimization Using COSMO-Based Models and Aspen Plus By: Ben Salah, Haifa; Nancarrow, Paul ; Al Othman, Amani ACS Omega (2023), 8(33), 30001-30023 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion have been known to cause detrimental health and environ mental effects. The currently used hydrodesulfurization (HDS) method employed by refineries has several drawbacks, such as excessive hydrogen consumption, high energy demand, and inability to remove complex organo sulfur compounds, which have limited its ability to produce ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) at reasonable operating and capital costs. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely studied for their potential to replace conventional HDS. However, while their success has been demons trated at the laboratory level, studies on industrial-scale feasibility and their integr ation into process simulators such as Aspen Plus are limited. In this work, 26 com. available ILs have been screened using C OSMO-based models and Aspen Plus for the desulfur ization of diesel fuel and several possible process configurations have been examined In partic ular, the challenge of ionic liquid regeneration, which has largely been ignored in the literature, has also been addressed and several potential regeneration methods have been proposed including extractive regeneration (E-RE) and stripping regeneration using nitrogen and air as stripping media (S- RE). The results indicate that, among the 26 ILs studied, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate is the most promising as a solvent for extractive desulfur ization (EDS), E-RE, and S-RE. E-RE was found to be more effective for the removal of dibenzot hiophene (DBT), while S-RE is more suited to the removal of thiophene and benzothiophene (BT). As a result, an optimized diesel desulfur ization process using 1- butyl-3methylimidazolium thiocyanate has been proposed that achieves U LSD with <10 ppm total sulfur in simulation studies, with complete recycling of the IL and minimal loss of the model diesel. Keywords: optimization COSMO aspen plus desulfurization diesel ionic liquid Substances (43) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 5 Solid electrolyte for an all-solid-state battery By: Godillot, Gerome; Navarro, Christophe; Tarisse, Christine; Bonnet, Anthony France, FR3132163 A1 2023-07-28 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The present invention relates generally to the field of elec. energy storage in all-solid-state batteries, in particular secondary Li-ion batteries. More specifically, the invention relates to a solid electr olyte formed by a polymer matrix and a fibrous reinfor cement, which makes it possible to manufacture a non-porous film affording a very good compromise between ion conduct ivity, electr ochem. stability, high-temperature stability and mech. strength. This film is intended for applic ation as a separator of all-solid-state batteries, in particular for Li-ion batteries. The invention also relates to an all- solid-state battery comprising such a separator and/or such an electrolyte. Keywords: solid electrolyte all solid state battery available Substances (62) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 5 6 Solid electrolyte for an all-solid-state battery By: Godillot, Gerome; Navarro, Christophe; Tarisse, Christine; Bonnet, Anthony World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2023139329 A1 2023-07-27 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The present invention relates generally to the field of elec. energy storage in all-solid-state batteries, in particular secondary Li-ion batteries. More specifically, the invention relates to a solid electr olyte formed by a polymer matrix and a fibrous reinfor cement, which makes it possible to manufacture a non-porous film affording a very good compromise between ion conduct ivity, electr ochem. stability, high-temperature stability and mech. strength. This film is intended for applic ation as a separator of all-solid-state batteries, in particular for Li-ion batteries. The invention also relates to an all- solid-state battery comprising such a separator and/or such an electrolyte. Keywords: solid electrolyte all solid state battery available Substances (63) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 7 Method for generating hydrogen from water using ionic liquid -based material as reaction accelerator By: Yoo, Seong Ju; Park, Ji Yong Korea, Republic of, KR2023110845 A 2023-07-25 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The method for generating hydrogen from water comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a reaction material by adding an ionic liquid -based reaction accelerator containing organic cations and anions, a catalyst, and water; and (2) generating hydrogen by decomposing water mols. by applying light energy, elec. energy, or photoelec. energy to the reaction material. The present invention discloses a method for generating hydrogen from water for stably increasing the efficiency of producing hydrogen from water using an ionic liquid -based reaction accelerator. Keywords: hydrogen water ionic liquid accelerator available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 8 Thin film transistor having ionogel and threshold voltage control method thereof By: Lee, Geun Hyeong; Cho, Gyeong Guk; Sul, Gyeong Hwan Korea, Republic of, KR2023101005 A 2023-07-06 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Page 6 The invention relates to a thin film transistor including an ionogel containing an insulating polymer and an ionic liquid as a gate dielec., wherein the ionogel contains two or more neg. ions or two or more pos. ions in a molar ratio of 0:100 to 100:0, and the threshold voltage is adjusted according to the molar ratio. Keywords: thin film transistor ionogel threshold voltage control ionic liquid available Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 9 Science-guided data analytics for selecting ionic liquid solvents for aromatic extraction By: McNeeley, Adam; Tsai, Chang-Che; Lin, Shiang-Tai ; Liu, Y. A. AIChE Journal (2023), 69(6), e18081 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising solvents for the aromatic extraction process. An attractive charact eristic is the existence of hundreds of ILs that exhibit different properties. To identify key properties of I L solvents for an energy-optimum aromatic extrac tion, we use process simulation to generate the process datasets for multiv ariate data analytics with partial least squares, and use science-guided fundamentals to develop an IL heat load variable (HLV). We consider 16 well- studied ILs and correlate process steam duty and process variables affecting equipment size to the HLV for ethylene cracker feeds of low aromatic content. For such feeds in an IL aromatic extraction process, 11 of 16 I Ls show energy advantage compared with sulfolane solvent with the lowest energy I L process requiring 57% of total energy required for an equivalent sulfolane process. Our results facilitate the IL solvent selection for pilot tests and subsequent commercialization of an IL aromatic extraction process. Keywords: science guided data analytic selecting ionic liquid solvent aromatic Substances (29) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 7 10 Encapsulated catalytic composition By: Dalmazzone, Christine; Dartiguelongue, Cyril; Forget, Severine; Magna, Lionel; Xu, Minrui World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2023117554 A2 2023-06-29 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a catalyst composition lytic in the form of a capsule whose walls of solid material define a closed volume which contains a liquid phase comprising at least one ionic liquid of formula Q+ A-, Q+ being an organic cation and Abeing an anion, and in which is dissolved an acid of Bronsted HB. Keywords: encapsulated catalyst available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 11 Encapsulated catalytic composition By: Dalmazzone, Christine; Dartiguelongue, Cyril; Forget, Severine; Magna, Lionel; Xu, Minrui France, FR3130644 A1 2023-06-23 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a catalyst composition lytic in the form of a capsule whose walls of solid material define a closed volume which contains a liquid phase comprising at least one ionic liquid of formula Q+ A-, Q+ being an organic cation and Abeing an anion, and in which is dissolved an acid of Bronsted HB. Keywords: encapsulated catalyst available Substances (32) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 12 Polymer electrolyte having polyethylene oxide matrix for zinc ion batteries By: Zhi, Chunyi; Wang, Donghong United States, US20230178800 A1 2023-06-08 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a polymer electrolyte comprising: (a) a polyethylene oxide matrix; (b) a plasti cizer additive; (c) a solute; and (d) a filler, wherein the plasticizer additive includes an ionic liquid , the filler includes zinc oxide and the energy storage device includes an anode, a cathode and the above-mentioned polymer electrolyte. Keywords: polymer electrolyte polyethylene oxide matrix zinc ion battery available Substances (44) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 8 13 Screening of Ionic Liquid -Based Electrolytes for Al Dual-Ion Batteries: Thermodynamic Cycle and Combined MD-DFT Approaches By: Manna, Surya Sekhar ; Pathak, Biswarup Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2023), 127(19), 8913-8924 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The electrochem. window (ECW) of the ionic liquid (IL) is the fundamental parameter to understand the stability of the electr olyte for a given electrode material. Here, we have considered room-temperature and molten salt-based 16 IL-based electrolytes, consisting of imidazolium-, pyrrolidinium-, urea-, and acetamide-based cations coupled with AlCl4 and OTf (trifluoromethanes ulfonate) anions. Three different high- throughput computational screening techniques have been implem ented to calculate the EC W of these electr olytes for dual-ion batteries (DIBs). The thermodn. cycle method has been employed to calculate the oxidation and reduction potentials with respect to the Al3+/Al reference electrode for the individual ions of the I L. Classical mol. dynamics followed by DFT methods (MD + DFT) have been considered to calculate anodic and cathodic limiting potent ials. From the MD + DFT, we have classified two methods, AIMD-min and AIMD-sp. The calculated ECWs for all considered I Ls using the AIMD-min method are found to be close to exptl. outcomes compared to other two methods. We show that the alkyl group of the imidazolium ring has a very limited effect on the ECW values. On the other hand, aromatic imidaz olium rings are more prone to reduction compared to the nonaromatic pyrrolidinium ring. Moreover, we have invest igated the contribution of cations and anions in cathodic and anodic potentials, from the study of d. of states. Along with that, we have tested the robustness capability of the A IMD-min method and established a superior technique for other liquid systems to calculate the ECW. This work facili tates a step forward in selecting nonaqueous electrolytes for rechargeable DIBs. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolyte aluminum dual ion battery thermodn cycle Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 9 14 Investigation of Ionic Liquids as Extraction Solvents for Separating Bicyclic Aromatic S/N-Compounds from FCC Diesel By: Liu, Qinghua; Gui, Chengmin; Li, Guoxuan ; Lei, Zhigang ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2023), 11(19), 7573-7585 | Language: English, Database: CAplus To improve the quality of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel, ionic liquids (ILs) were used as promising neoteric solvents to extract bicyclic S/N-compounds (quinoline and 1- benzothiophene) from FCC model oil. In addition to the thermodn. properties, including solvent capacity and selectivity, phys. properties such as viscosity and thermal stability are also considered as important factors in the IL screening process. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2MIM][NTF2]) was selected as the most suitable extraction solvent by the COSMO-RS model, and the accuracy of this model was verified based on the collected exptl. data. Liquid - liquid equilibrium experiments were performed to study the effects of the initial quinoline and 1- benzothiophene concentr ations, mass solvent ratio, extraction stages, and the presence of other aromatics on the extraction effici ency. Then, the extraction mechanism and the differences in the extraction effects for the quinoline and 1- benzothiophene systems were explored by quantum chem. calculation and mol. dynamics simula tion. The consistency between experiments and theor. calculation indicates that the electrostatic interaction is the main reason for the difference in the extraction efficiency between the quinoline and 1benzothiophene systems. Keywords: quantum chem simulation ionic liquid extraction bicyclic aromatic diesel Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 10 15 Method for preparing self-supporting covalently crosslinked functional polyelectrolyte porous membrane for ion separation By: Wang, Hong; Hu, Yingyi China, CN115838495 A 2023-03-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title method comprises (1) mixing amino-containing halogenated compound and vinyl-containing compound with a good solvent in proportion to 1:(0.5-2):(10-1000) ml and stirring at 30- 90 for 2-48 h under nitrogen or inert gas atm.; carrying out quatern ization reaction for 48 h and recrystallizing in poor solvent to obtain an amino- containing ionic liquid monomer; (2) mixing the obtained amino-containing ionic liquid monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile and aqueous ethanol solution with a mass ratio of 1: (0.01-0.1):(10100), stirring at 60-100 for 12-72 h under nitrogen or an inert gas atm., removing the solvent by rotary evapor ation, washing, and drying with ether; adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 9-10, dialyzing the resulting solution for 2- 5 h, and adding hydrophobic anion lithium salt to obtain amino- containing hydrophobic single-component polyionic liquid homopolymer; and (3) adding 1,2-dicarbonyl compound and aldehyde compound in the aqueous acid solution with a mass fraction of 5- 50 weight%, heating, and dissolving at 25-70 to obtain mixed reaction solution The method further comprises (4) mixing the obtained hydrop hobic single-component polyionic liquid homopolymer with DMF or DMSO in proportion to 1g:(1-50)mL, stirring, and dissolving at 25-70 to obtain a polymer solution; applying the obtained polymer solution to a glass plate with an industrial scraper, heating at 50-120 for 2-48 h, and drying the solvent to obtain a polyionic liquid film with a matrix; and (5) soaking the prepared polyionic liquid film into the prepared mixed reaction solution and reacting at 0- 80 for 1-48 h to obtain the self-supporting covalently crossl inked functional polyelectrolyte porous membrane. Keywords: covalently crosslinked functional polyelectrolyte porous membrane ion separation available Substances (171) Reactions (13) Citing (0) 16 Ultra-sensitive flexible gas sensor having hydrophobic polymer and ionic liquid and manufacturing method thereof By: Ha, Tae Jun; Jeon, Jun Yeong; Park, Sang Jun Korea, Republic of, KR2023033105 A 2023-03-08 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a gas sensor comprising: (A) flexible substrates; (B) one or more electrode layers provided on the flexible substrate; and (C) a sensing layer including an ionic gel provided on the electrode layer, wherein the ionic gel is a combin ation of a hydrophobic polymer and an ionic liquid having a weight average mol. weight of 200, 000 g/mol or more and 1, 000,000 g/mol or less. Keywords: hydrophobic polymer ionic liquid ultra sensitive flexible gas sensor available Substances (49) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 11 17 Ionic liquid composition for carbon dioxide separation membrane, carbon dioxide separation membrane holding the composition, and carbon dioxide concentrator equipped with the carbon dioxide separation membrane By: Makino, Takashi; Kono, Yuki; Iwatani, Sadao; Yamato, Hiroshi Japan, JP2023030786 A 2023-03-08 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to an ionic liquid composition for carbon dioxide separation membrane that can be used to sep. carbon dioxide from high partial pressure to low partial pressure, especially 1 kPa or less. The ionic liquid composition comprises: (A) an ionic liquid (I) and (B) an ionic liquid (II); wherein the ionic liquid (I), the cation is an aminium having one or more primary or secondary amino groups and an ethylenediamine or propylenediamine skeleton, and the anion is methanesu lfonate, trifluoro methanesulfonate, nitrate, chloride, and one or more selected from acetate, and in the ionic liquid (II), the cation does not have a primary or secondary amino group and the anion is an oxoacid anion. Keywords: carbon dioxide separation membrane ionic liquid composition concentrator available Substances (48) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 18 Observation of Weak Counterion Size Dependence of Thermoelectric Transport in Ion Exchange Doped Conducting Polymers Across a Wide Range of Conductivities By: Chen, Chen; Jacobs, Ian E.; Kang, Keehoon; Lin, Yue; Jellett, Cameron; Kang, Boseok; Lee, Seon Baek; Huang, Yuxuan; BaloochQarai, Mohammad; Ghosh, Raja; et al Advanced Energy Materials (2023), 13(9), 2202797 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Conducting polymers are of interest for a broad range of applications from bioelectronics to thermoelecs. The factors that govern their complex charge transport physics include the structural disorder present in these highly doped polymer films and the Coulombic interactions between the electronic charge carriers and the dopant counte rions. Previous studies have shown that at low doping levels carriers are strongly trapped in the vicinity of the counterions, while at high doping levels charge transport is not limited by Coulombic trapping, which manifests itself in the conductivity being independent of the size of the dopant counte rion. Here a recently developed ion exchange doping method is used to investigate the ion size dependence of a semicrys talline polythi ophene-based model system across a wide range of conducti vities. It is found that the regime in which the charge and thermo elec. transport is not or only weakly dependent on ion size, extends to surprisingly low conductivities. This surprising observation is explained by a heterogeneous doping that involves doping of the amorphous domains to high doping levels first before doping of the ordered, crystalline domains occurs. The study provides new insights into how the thermo elec. physics of conducting polymers evolves as a function of doping level. Keywords: thermoelec transport ion exchange conducting polymer Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 12 19 Ionic liquid and method for producing the same By: Masuda, Gen; Ochikubo, Tatsuya World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2023021895 A1 2023-02-23 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The present invention provides an ionic liquid that can be used for semicon ductor manufacturing and that has a low metal ion content. This ionic liquid comprises cations and anions and contains, each by not more than 100 ppb, metal ions of 16 elements indicated by the following element symbols: Li, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, and W. For example, N,N-diethyl-N2-methoxyethylamine and di-Me sulfate were subjected to precision distil lation and reacted in a sealed glass autoclave at 100 for 2 days, and then vacuuming was performed for 3 h to distill off unreacted raw materials to obtain ionic liquid I (both Na and K were contained in amounts exceeding 10 ppb), which was subjected to chelate resin treatment to provide ionic liquid I in which all 26 elements (Li, Na, K, etc.) were 10 ppb or less by ICP-MS measurement. Keywords: ionic liquid preparation cation anion; low metal ion content semicon ductor manufacturing Me Et + N Et OMe 2 CH3 SO4 I available Substances (64) Reactions (4) Citing (0) 20 Systems, devices and methods for eradicating and/or reducing coronavirus and other small pathogens from indoor air By: Vasudeva, Kailash C. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2023015398 A1 2023-02-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Standalone units and modules for providing purified air are described herein. The standalone units and the modules include antimicrobial protection as provided by one or more one antimic robial elements being configured to receive the air from a filter and eradicate or remove small pathogens from the air to provide purified air. Methods of providing purified air are also described herein. Keywords: eradicating reducing coronavirus pathogen indoor air available Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 13 21 Synthesis and photoinitiated polymerization of new ionic liquid methacrylates By: Strehmel, Veronika ; Kaestner, Pia Isabel ; Strehmel, Bernd Journal of Polymer Science (Hoboken, NJ, United States) (2023), 61(3), 234-250 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Synthesis of new ionic liquid methacrylates and dimethacrylates is described comprising ammonium structures and various anions (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2), tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP), triflate (TFl), and trifluoroacetate (TF Ac)). The structure of the anion has a stronger effect on both melting behavior and photopolym erization kinetics compared to the cation pattern. Photo-differential scanning calorimetry investigation shows significant differences in the polymerization rate and final conversion depending on both the polymerization technique (bulk or solution polymerization using an ionic liquid as solvent) and the ionic liquid monomer under consideration. The results show that N Tf2 or FAP should be preferred as anion over T Fl and T FAc in the crossl inking photoinitiated polymerization because NTf2 and FAP result in both faster polymer ization and higher final conversion. Interestingly, the presence of an ionic liquid methacrylate comprising the same anion as the ionic liquid dimetha crylate during the photoin itiated polymerization of the ionic liquid dimethacrylates results in an increase in final conversion that may be caused by lower crosslink d. of the network formed, and therefore, higher mobility during the crosslinking process. Keywords: photoinitiated polymerization ionic liquid methacrylate Substances (51) Reactions (79) Citing (0) 22 A new method of Ionic Fragment Contribution-Gradient Boosting Regressor for predicting the infinite dilution activity coefficient of dichloromethane in ionic liquids By: Li, Kaikai; Chang, Fei; Shi, Sensen; Jiang, Chongyang; Bai, Yinge; Dong, Haifeng; Meng, Xianghai; Wu, Jeffery C. S.; Zhang, Xiangping Fluid Phase Equilibria (2023), 564, 113622 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown huge potential advantages as solvents to absorb and recover dichloro methane (DCM) from waste gasses. The infinite dilution activity coefficient () of DCM in ILs is an important parameter, which can be used to predict the vaporliquid equilibrium of DCM-IL systems. In this work, a new model of calcul ating the of DCM in ILs is established based on ionic fragments contribution (IFC) and gradient boosting regressor (G BR) algorithm. IFC is used to obtain the surface charge d. distri bution area of ILs (S-profile) that is the input of GBR. GBR is used to learn the mapping relati onship between input feature and of DCM in ILs. The database of the of DCM in ILs composed of 29 cations and 22 anions includes 72 exptl. data and 421 C OSMO calculation data, which was employed to establish the I FC-GBR model and predict the of DCM in ILs. The coefficient of determi nation (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the IFC-GBR model test set are 0.9703 and 0.0519, resp. Also, this model has excellent generalization capability of predicting evidenced by high 10- fold cross-validation coefficients of determination in the range 0.94740.9481. These results indicate that the proposed model can accurately predict of DCM in ILs, then provide the important data for developing a new process of absorbing and desorbing DCM by I L-based technologies. Keywords: IL dichloromethane infinite dilution activity coeffi cient prediction IFC GBR Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 14 23 Studies on the Prediction and Extraction of Methanol and Dimethyl Carbonate by Hydroxyl Ammonium Ionic Liquids By: Wang, Xiaokang; Cui, Yuanyuan; Song, Yingying; Liu, Yifan; Zhang, Junping; Chen, Songsong; Dong, Li Molecules (2023), 28(5), 2312 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE ; Zhang, Xiangping The separation of di-Me carbonate (DMC) and methanol is of great signif icance in industry. In this study, ionic liquids (ILs) were employed as extractants for the efficient separation of methanol from D MC. Using the C OSMO-RS model, the extraction perfor mance of ILs consisting of 22 anions and 15 cations was calcul ated, and the results showed that the extraction perfor mance of ILs with hydroxylamine as the cation was much better. The extraction mechanism of these functio nalized ILs was analyzed by mol. interaction and the -profile method. The results showed that the hydrogen bonding energy dominated the intera ction force between the IL and methanol, and the mol. intera ction between the IL and DMC was mainly Van der Waals force. The mol. intera ction changes with the type of anion and cation, which in turn affects the extraction perfor mance of ILs. Five hydroxyl ammonium I Ls were screened and synthe sized for extraction experi ments to verify the reliability of the COSMO-RS model. The results showed that the order of selectivity of ILs predicted by the C OSMO-RS model was consistent with the exptl. results, and ethano lamine acetate ([MEA][Ac]) had the best extraction perfor mance. After four regeneration and reuse cycles, the extraction perfor mance of [MEA][Ac] was not notably reduced, and it is expected to have industrial applic ations in the separation of methanol and D MC. Keywords: dimethyl carbonate methanol hydroxyl ammonium ionic liquid ; COSMO-RS; dimethyl carbonate (DMC); extraction separation; ionic liquids (ILs); methanol Substances (32) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 24 Prediction surface tension of ionic liquid -water mixtures using a hybrid group contribution and artificial neural network method By: Fu, Yingxue; Chen, Yuqiu; Zhang, Chuntao; Lei, Yang; Liu, Xinyan Fluid Phase Equilibria (2022), 563, 113571 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work, a database was established to collect relevant surface tension data (4578 sets of data points in total) for 138 ionic liquids (ILs)-H2O hybrid systems. An A NN-GC model for predicting the surface tension of I L-H2O hybrid systems is proposed to be constructed by combining the group contri bution (GC) method and artificial neural network (A NN) algorithm. This model correlates surface tension to temperature together with I L structure and is developed by using machine learning algori thms. The results show that the model with 4, 5 and 7 neurons in the hidden layer is able to provide reliable predictions for the surface tension of the I L-H2 O hybrid system. When 4, 5 and 7 neurons are used in the hidden layer of the model, the squared correl ation coefficients (R2) of the training set are 0.92, 0.93 and 0.93; the MAE are 0.0021, 0.0020 and 0.0020, resp. While the squared correl ation coefficients (R2) of the test set are 0.94, 0.91,0.91 and the M AE are 0.0023, 0.0029, 0.0027, resp. Meanwhile, the A NN-GC model of the hybrid system was extended and an ANN-GC model of pure I Ls was constructed based on 172 surface tension data of pure ionic liquids The comparison shows that the model with 4 and 5 neurons in the hidden layer can be extended to the pure IL system to provide reliable prediction of the surface tension for the pure IL system. Keywords: surface tension ionic liquid water mixture artificial neural network Substances (45) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 15 25 Preparation method of flavonoids from dihydroflavone or dihydroflavonol by biological enzymatic dehydrogenation By: Li, Yushan China, CN115521955 A 2022-12-27 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title method for preparing flavonoids (compound 2) includes 1) dehydrogenating compound 1 in the presence of dehydro genase in enzymic dehydrogenation reaction solvent system, and separating and purifying. The compound 1 has a general structure formula shown in formula 1, and comprises hesperidin, naringin, dihydromyricetin and silibinin. The compound 2 has a general structure formula shown in formula 2, and comprises diosmin, rhoifolin, myricetin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin. The dehydro genase is extracted from Lonicera japonica, Lonicera macrot hoides or Pichia pastoris. The enzymic dehydrog enation reaction solvent system is deep-eutectic solvent system, ionic liquid or Tris-HCl buffer solution The inventive method directly utilizes raw materials as substrate to prepare target product through biol. enzymic dehydrogenation, has low production cost, high yield, simple operation, good safety and environmental friendliness, can quickly and quant. convert cheap and easily available starting materials into target mols., and can be used for C2-C3 dehydrogenation of other dihydrof lavones or dihydroflavonols to generate corresp onding flavonoids. Keywords: flavonoid dihydroflavone dihydroflavonol biol enzymic dehydrogenation available Substances (48) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 26 Importance of anion-anion pairing for capacitance of carbon/ ionic liquid interfaces By: Tu, Yi-Jung ; Wu, Siu-Cheong; McDaniel, Jesse G. Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2022), 126(48), 20213-20225 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The capacitance of carbon electrodes can be enhanced by tuning nanoscale roughness of the electrode surface, which facili tates separation between cations and anions within the elec. double layer. As the extent of ion separation depends on the ion correlation of bulk electrolytes, it is expected that the intrinsic elec. properties of ionic liquids (ILs) will also influence the double-layer structure and capacitance at nanostr uctured electrode interfaces. In this work, we use constant voltage mol. dynamics simula tions to investigate the differential capacitance profiles for three different ionic liquids at model graphene electrode with subnan ometer scale surface roughness. We focus on the ionic liquids composed of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm+) cations and bistrif limide (TFSI-), triflate (OTf-), or tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) anions. Surprisingly, we find that [B MIm+][TFSI-] exhibits significantly enhanced differential capacitance at high pos. potential compared to [B MIm+][BF4-] and [B MIm+][OTf-] with smaller anions. We demons trate that this unexpected capacitance trend is due to nonpolar intera ctions between trifluoromethyl groups of TFSI- anions that promote TFSI-/TFSI- pairing at the electrode interface. These anion pairs lead to signifi cantly reduced BMIm+ d. in the [BMIm+][TFSI-] double layer compared to the other two ionic liquids By contrast, no anion pairing occurs for [B MIm+][BF4-] and [B MIm+][OTf-] at the same voltage regime, so nonpolar alkyl groups of BMIm+ cations still predomi nantly accumulate at the nanostructured electrode interface, resulting in only slight enhancement of capacitance due to the surface roughness effect. This phys. insight is important for controlling IL interfacial structure to enhance the capacitance of nanostructured electrodes. Keywords: anion pairing capacitance carbon ionic liquid interface nanostructured electrode Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 16 27 Stable composition By: Shmool, Talia Amira; Hallett, Jason Patrick; Bhamra, Apanpreet Kaur; Chen, Rongjun World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2022254209 A1 2022-12-08 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one payload mol. and an ionic liquid (IL). The present invention is characterised in that the composition further comprises at least one of a solvent; an excipient matrix; and/or a delivery vehicle. The invention extends to a method of producing the composition, a pharmaceutical composition or a vaccine comprising the composition, and medical uses thereof. Keywords: Ionic liquid polymer nanoparticle liposome hydrogel drug stability available Substances (36) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 28 Machine learning for predicting the solubility of high-GWP fluorinated refrigerants in ionic liquids By: Asensio-Delgado, Salvador; Pardo, Fernando; Zarca, Gabriel; Urtiaga, Ane Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 367(Part_B), 120472 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The development of technol. to reduce the environmental impact of fluori nated refrigerant gases (F-gases) is currently of outmost importance. The capture of F- gases in ionic liquids (ILs) is envisaged as solution to avoid emissions of F- gases to the atm., and many studies have been devoted to the exptl. determination of the vapor- liquid equilibrium of F-gas/IL mixtures However, this is an expensive and time-consuming task, so finding prescreening options that can reduce the exptl. load would pose a signif icant advantage in the development of new industrial-scale processes. Here, we develop a prescr eening tool based on the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the solubility of F-gases in ILs from easily accessible properties of the pure compounds, such as the critical properties of the gases or the molar mass and volume of the IL. We have used the U C-RAIL database with more than 4300 solubility data of 24 F-gases in 52 I Ls. The ANN resulting from this study is capable to predict the fed dataset with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 10.93% and 0.014, resp., and we further demons trate its predictive capabilities showing the very accurate prediction of a system including R- 1243zf, an F-gas that was not present in the training set because it had not been previously studied. Finally, the developed ANN is implem ented in an easy-to-use spreadsheet that will allow to extend its use in the prescreening of ILs towards the abatement and recovery of high environ mental impact refrig erant gases. Keywords: machine learning predicting solubility fluorinated refrigerant ionic liquid Substances (32) Reactions (0) Citing (7) SciFinder Page 17 29 Water-soluble dye titration reagent with good stability, and its preparation method By: Li, Qingtie; Li, Jing; Tian, Jun; Xiong, Yingjun China, CN115407016 A 2022-11-29 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The water-soluble dye titration reagent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight%: 0.1- 2 of ionic liquid , 1-10 of surfactant, 0.1-1 of UV absorber, 0.1-1 of free radical scavenger, 0.1- 1 of organic pigment dyestuff, 0.1- 1 of reactive titrant, 1- 10 of amphiphilic small mol. solvent. The prepar ation method of water-soluble dye titration reagent comprises: mixing and stirring, dissolving through ultrasonic treatment or mech. shearing treatment, obtaining the good water-soluble dye titration reagent of stability. The present invention discloses a water-soluble dye titration reagent having high stability, photooxidative degradation resistance, stable quality, prolonged service life, and used in titration anal. chem. Keywords: benzotriazole imidazolium watersoluble dye titration reagent available Substances (35) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 30 Investigation of protic ionic liquid electrolytes for porous RuO2 micro-supercapacitors By: Seenath, Jensheer Shamsudeen; Pech, David ; Rochefort, Dominic Journal of Power Sources (2022), 548, 232040 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The rapid advancement of the Internet of things (IoT) with applications across various sectors urges the develo pment of miniat urized energy-storage devices that can harvest or deliver energy with high power capabil ities. While micro-supercapacitors can meet the high-power requirements of ubiquitous sensors connected to Io T networks, their low voltage and low energy d. remain a major bottleneck preventing their wide-scale adoption. In this report, we develop micro- supercapacitors using RuO2 electrodes providing pseudocapacitive charge storage in protic ionic liquid -based non-aqueous electrolytes while enlarging their operational voltage. The triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TEAH-TFSI)-based interdigitated porous RuO2 micro-supercap acitors showed an extended cell voltage up to 2 V with 4 times more energy d. compared with conven tional H2SO4 electrolyte. We then developed an all-solid-state micro-supercapacitor using TEAH-TFSI-based ionogel electrolyte able to deliver high areal capaci tance (79 mF cm-2 at 2 mV s-1) and long-term cycling stability that is superior to state- of-the-art ionogel-based micro-supercapacitors employing carbon-based or pseudocapacitive materials. This study gives a new perspe ctive to develop all-solid-state micro-supercap acitors using pseudocapacitive active materials that can operate in ionic - liquid -based non-aqueous electrolytes compatible with on-chip IoT-based device applications seeking high areal energy/power performance. Keywords: protic ionic liquid electrolyte porous ruthenium oxide microsupercapacitor Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 18 31 Transesterification reactive extractive distillation process using ionic liquids as entrainers: From molecular insights to process integration By: Cheng, Yongqiang; Yang, Bo; Li, Guoxuan; Chen, Kai; Wei, Zhong; Gao, Xin; Li, Hong; Lei, Zhigang Separation and Purification Technology (2022), 301, 122002 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work, the transesterification reactive distillation coupled with extractive distil lation process for n- propanol (PROH) and Me acetate (MEAC) was developed based on pseudo homoge neous kinetic parameter model using ionic liquids (ILs) as entrainers. The COSMO-RS model was used for screening I Ls entrainers. Here, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][AC] was selected as a potential entrainer due to its excellent solvent capacity and selectivity. Further, the COSMO-RS model was performed to calculate the polarization charge d. (-profile) of methanol (M EOH), Me acetate and [EMIM][AC], and to explore the mol. polarity. Based on quantum chem. (QC) theory, the interaction energy between different mol. pairs is calculated Indepe ndent gradient model (I GM) anal. identifies the interaction types of mol. pairs from the perspe ctive of visualization. Owing to the strong hydrogen bond between anion [AC]- and M EOH, the extractive distil lation process performance was significantly improved. Based on Aspen Plus platform, the effects of the theor. stage number, reflux ratio, feed position and entrainer dosage on the cost and energy consum ption of the new process was investigated. Based on the sensitivity anal. method, the operating conditions were optimized. Compared to the conventional process, the new reactive distillation coupled with extraction distil lation process has higher energy efficiency and lower economic cost. The new process can save the total annual cost of about 3.42 x 105 $/yr. Keywords: methyl acetate transesterification reactive extractive distil lation homogeneous kinetic parameter Substances (31) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 32 Oxide-based solid electrolyte sheet and manufacturing method thereof, all-solid-state battery comprising the oxide-based solid electrolyte sheet, and method of manufacturing the all-solid-state battery By: Kim, Tae Hyeon; Nam, Jae Bin; Jang, Won Seok Korea, Republic of, KR2022145605 A 2022-10-31 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to an oxide-based solid electrolyte sheet comprising oxide-based solid electrolyte; polymer binder and ionic liquid The oxide-based solid electrolyte is a compound repres ented by the following formula (1) . The oxide-based solid electrolyte sheet is a mixture of an oxide- based solid electrolyte, a polymer binder and an ionic liquid in a weight ratio of 6: 2:2-9: 0.5:0.5. Keywords: oxide solid electrolyte sheet allstate battery available Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 19 33 Quantum chemical calculations of formation enthalpies of cations and anions of ionic liquids By: Govorov, Dmitrii N. ; Dunaev, Anatoliy M.; Motalov, Vladimir B.; Kudin, Lev S. Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 364, 119996 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The development of advanced ionic - liquid -based applications requires accurate thermochem. data for both ionic liquids and their constituent ions. Herein, the formation enthalpies of alkylimi dazolium cations ([CnMIm+], n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and various anions (trifluoromethanesulfonate ([TfO-]), Et sulfate ([ES-]), dicyanamide ([DCA-]), and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide ([NTf2-])) in the ideal gas state were obtained by quantum chem. calculations using d. functional theory (DFT: B3LYP, B98, M06, M06-2X) and composite (G4) thermochem. models in the framework of the isodesmic reaction approach. The enthalpies of hetero lytic dissoc iation of neutral ion pairs (N IPs) for the [CnMIm+][X-] series (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10; X- = [Tf O-], [ES-], [NTf2-], [DCA-], [BF4-], [PF6-], [Cl-], [Br-], [I-]) were derived using the obtained data and literature formation enthalpies ( fH) of NIPs. Anal. of the thermochem. property trends revealed that the formation enthalpies of [CnMIm+] decrease linearly as the alkyl chain length increases. In addition, the use of the isodesmic reaction approach improved the reliability of the computed data. Furthe rmore, owing to its internal self-consis tency, the G4 method was found to be the most appropriate for describing the thermodn. quantities of the cations and anions of ionic liquids Keywords: cation anion ionic liquid formation enthalpy DFT thermochem model Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 34 Molecular Modeling of Ionic Liquids : Force-Field Validation and Thermodynamic Perspective from Large-Scale Fast-Growth Solvation Free Energy Calculations By: Sun, Zhaoxi ; Wang, Mao; He, Qiaole; Liu, Zhirong Advanced Theory and Simulations (2022), 5(9), 2200274 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In mol. modeling of novel solvents such as ionic liquids , it is common to scale at. charges to improve the experiment-simulation agreement for some selected properties. As these liquids are designed to solvate solutes, whether the solvation thermodn. could be correctly described is of utmost importance. Therefore, we present a compreh ensive large-scale calculation of solvation free energies via nonequilibrium fast-switching simulations for a spectrum of mols. in ionic liquids , the at. charges of which are scaled to maximize the prediction-experiment correlation. Further, the d.-derived choice is compared with the solvation- thermodn.derived one. When the scaling factor is decreased, the d. exhibits a monoton ically decreasing behavior due to weaker inter-mol. interactions produced by scaled at. charges. However, solvation free energies do not show consistent monotonic behaviors, which are caused by competing electrostatic and vd W responses to the scaling-parameter variation. More intrigu ingly, the solvation-freeenergy-derived scaling factor is generally slightly higher than the d.- derived one. We further calculate partition coeffi cients ortransfer free energies of solutes from water to ionic liquids to provide another thermodn. perspective of charge scaling. Another central result is the detailed evaluation of the widely used force fields for bonded and vdW terms, i.e., the GAFF derivatives Keywords: mol modeling ionic liquid force field solvation free energy Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (4) SciFinder Page 20 35 Machine learning assisted Structure-based models for predicting electrical conductivity of ionic liquids By: Nakhaei-Kohani, Reza; Ali Madani, Seyed; Mousavi, Seyed-Pezhman; Atashrouz, Saeid; Abedi, Ali; Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein; Mohaddespour, Ahmad Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 362, 119509 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted a great deal of attention as vital compounds that are widely used in various indust ries, such as the chem. and petroleum industries. Therefore, determining the properties of ionic liquids , such as elec. conductivity (EC), is an important issue. In this study, four different machine learning approaches including K-nearest neighbors (KNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), adaptive boosting-decision tree (Ada-DT), and adaptive boosting-support vector regression (Ada- SVR) were establ ished to predict EC of ILs based on two categories namely: (I) smart models based on I Ls chem. structure and temper ature, and (II) smart models based on ILs thermodn. properties and temper ature For this purpose, 2625 laboratory data points corresp onding to 225 ILs have been used. The results showed that based on Model (I) , KNN model with root mean square error (R MSE) and coeffi cient of determination (R2) values of 0.1976 and 0.9935, resp., is the best model in predicting E C. Also, based on Model (I I), the XGB model with RMSE and R2 values of 0.1447 and 0.9965, resp., is the most powerful and accurate model for estimating elec. conduc tivity Sensitivity anal. revealed that temperature and mol. weight have a direct and inverse effect on increasing the elec. conduc tivity of ILs, resp. The investigation of the effects of different chem. bonds (in the chem. structure of ionic liquids ) on ILs EC showed that -CH2- and > N- substru ctures have the most neg. and pos. effect on E C, resp. Also, the proposed smart paradigms were capable of accurately predicting the effect cation alkyl chain length on elec. conductivity Based on the leverage technique assessment more than 95% of total data points are in a valid region which indicates that intelligent models are reliable. Consequ ently, the introd uction of intelligent models based on the chem. structure of I Ls, the much broader data bank, and the higher accuracy of the proposed models are among the innovations and advantages of this study compared to the previous resear ches. Findings of this study highlights that chem. structure-intelligence based approaches provide robust, reliable and accurate way to predict E C of ILs. Keywords: machine learning elec conductivity ionic liquid Substances (175) Reactions (0) Citing (5) 36 Composition for improved petroleum extraction with well injection fluid composition By: Sotos Campos, Ana Maria; Somoza Cervino, Alba Spain, ES2922249 A1 2022-09-12 | Language: Spanish, Database: CAplus A composition is described comprising an anionic surfactant, particularly an anionic sulfonatealkylbenzene and an ionic liquid Also described is the use of said composition in a method of improved oil recovery. Keywords: petroleum recovery extraction anionic surfactant ionic liquid ; alkylbenzene sulfonate available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 21 37 Composition for enhanced oil extraction By: Sotos Campos, Ana Maria; Somoza Cervino, Alba World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2022184955 A1 2022-09-09 | Language: Spanish, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a composition which comprises an anionic surfactant, specifically an alkylbenzene sulfonate and an ionic liquid The present invention further relates to the use of said compos ition in an enhanced crude oil recovery method. Keywords: composition enhanced oil extraction available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 38 Electrochemical extraction, separation, and/or purification of metals By: Thakare, Jivan; Masud, Jahangir European Patent Organization, EP4050127 A1 2022-08-31 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Methods for electrochem. extraction of metals, and methods for determ ining electrolyte fluids suitable therefor. A method of extracting, separating, and/or purifying a method includes immersing an electr ochem. cell including an anode and a cathode in a liquid including the metal to form a layer including the metal on the cathode. The immersing includes applying an electr ochem. potential across the anode and cathode. Keywords: electrochem extraction separation purifi cation metal available Substances (35) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 22 39 Effect of temperature and composition on density and dynamic viscosity of (lanthanide metal salts + urea) deep eutectic solvents By: Khokhar, Vaishali; Dhingra, Divya; Pandey, Siddharth Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 360, 119396 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are rapidly becoming solvent media of prominence due not only to their unique properties but also to their promising environmentally-benign nature. For effective utiliz ation of these neoteric media, assessment of their phys. properties is essential. D. and dynamic viscosity of a class of DESs constituted of a hydrated lanthanide salt and urea at varying composition in the temperature range 293.15 to 363.15 K are presented. Specifi cally, different possible eutectic mixtures of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate: urea (named La : Urea) , cerium nitrate hexahydrate: urea (named Ce : Urea) and gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate: urea (named Gd : Urea) are investi gated. DES (Gd : Urea) at 1: 2 mol ratio exhibits the highest d. (1.98783 g.cm- 3 at 293.15 K) of all the DESs investigated; d. is found to decrease with increasing urea. D. of these D ESs decreases linearly with increasing temperature Dynamic viscosity of these D ESs also decrease with increasing urea content. The temper ature dependence of the dynamic viscosity follows Vogel - Fulcher - Tammann (VFT) expression. While the activation energy of viscous flow (Ea, ) for these (lanthanide salt : Urea) DESs is closer to those of (choline chloride + H- bond donor) DESs, their viscosity-temperature dependence is similar to that of common imidazolium ionic liquids Keywords: deep euthetic solvents temperature composition effect density dynamic viscosity Substances (21) 40 Wide temperature range ultracapacitor By: Brambilla, Nicolo Michele; Martini, Fabrizio United States, US20220254576 A1 2022-08-11 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Reactions (0) Citing (7) A solid state polymer electrolyte is disclosed for use in an ultracap acitor. The electrolyte includes an ionic liquid and a polymer and may include other additives, wherein an ultracapacitor that utilizes the solid state electr olyte is configured to output elec. energy at temperatures between about - 40 C. and about 250 C. or more. Keywords: ultracapacitor solid state polymer electr olyte available Substances (47) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 23 41 Carbon monoxide-promoted transport gas separation membrane, and manufacturing method thereof By: Kim, Jong Hak; Kim, Na Un; Kim, Jeong Hun; Park, Bo Ryeong; Kang, Ho Cheol Korea, Republic of, KR2022104986 A 2022-07-26 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a gas separation membrane comprising a porous substrate; and an acrylic selective layer formed on the surface of the porous substrate. The acrylic selective layer includes a copolymer represented by the following formula (1) , a silver salt, and an ionic liquid , and is formed by coating a composite. Keywords: carbon monoxide promoted transport gas separation membrane available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 42 Ionic liquid -based nanofluid type wide temperature heat transfer oil and preparation method thereof By: Luo, Jiangshui; Wei, Runhong; Yi, Yingting China, CN114752362 A 2022-07-15 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to an ionic liquid -based nanofluidic heat transfer oil that has extremely low vapor pressure, non- flammab ility, low thermal expansion coefficient, superior thermal stability, extremely high thermal conductivity, and extremely low corrosi veness, wherein the production method of oil is relatively simple, the cost is low, the service life can reach 10 years, the environ mental protection is saved, and the transpo rtation and operation are convenient. The ionic liquid -based nanofluidic heat transfer oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-98 parts of ionic liquid , 1-10 parts of nanoparticles, and 1- 10 parts of additives. Keywords: ionic liquid nanofluid temperature heat transfer oil available Substances (79) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 24 43 A coatable curable fluoropolymer and fluoroelastomers therefrom By: Suzuki, Yuta; Fukushi, Tatsuo World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2022123391 A1 2022-06-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Described herein is a curable composition comprising a partially fluorinated amorphous polymer having an iodine, bromine and/or nitrile cure site; a photoinitiator; a crosslinking agent; and an ionic liquid Also described herein, are methods of curing the curable composition and articles thereof. Keywords: coatable curable fluoropolymer photoinitiator crosslinking agent ionic liquid available Substances (56) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 44 Proton conductor and fuel cell By: Takahashi, Kazuki; Sakakibara, Nobuyoshi; Kami, Kenichiro; Horike, Satoshi; Tada, Tomofumi United States, US20220181663 A1 2022-06-09 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A proton conductor is in contact with a catalyst containing platinum. The proton conductor includes a cationic organic mol., a metal ion, and an oxoacid anion. A protic ionic liquid containing the cationic organic mol. and the oxoacid anion is coordi nated to the metal ion to form a coordination polymer. Keywords: proton conductor fuel cell ionic liquid available Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 25 45 Hydrogen-bonding and "-" interaction promoted solution-processable mixed matrix membranes for aromatic amines detection By: Zhang, Lei; Wang, Shuang-Long; Tan, Yunshu; Tao, Guo-Hong; Yuan, Wen-Li; Fu, Jie; Zhang, Guo-Hao; He, Ling; Tao, Guohua Journal of Hazardous Materials (2022), 430, 128490 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Detection of hazardous compounds can alleviate risk to human health. However, it remains a challenge to develop easy-to-use testing tools for carcinogenic aromatic amines. Herein, we presented a conjugated mol.- based aniline detector, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), through the solution-processable strategy. The pentacene-based dispersed phase is achieved using the stateof-the-art ionic liquids (ILs) as the continuous phase, based on which M MMs are easily manufactured by a solution process. Moreover, mol. dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mech. calcul ations suggested that hydrogen bonding and - interaction between ILs cations and pentacene could promote the dissol ution These prepared M MMs can offer easy-operation and on- site detection of carcinogenic primary aromatic amines with eye-readable fluorescence signal. This work provides a paradigm for the design of a portable testing device for various hazardous compounds Keywords: amine hydrogen bonding pi interaction matrix membrane wastewater treatment; Aniline detection; Conjugated compounds; Device fabrication; Ionic liquids ; Portable device Substances (28) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 46 Ultra-high temperature heat-conducting oil based on aprotic ionic liquid having good thermal stability, and its preparation method By: Luo, Jiangshui; Wei, Runhong; Yi, Yingting China, CN114437672 A 2022-05-06 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The ultra-high temperature heat-conducting oil based on aprotic ionic liquid comprises the following parts: 80-98 of aprotic ionic liquids , 1-10 of viscosity index improvers, 1- 10 of oily agent, and 1- 10 of rust inhibitor; and the picture below ( 1) shows tetraphe nylphosphonium bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide salt ionic liquid and its derivatives The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) under heating conditions, add viscosity index agent, oily agent, and antirust agent to the ionic liquid in sequence, and stirring uniformly for 1-7 h; and (2) cooling to room temper ature for 1- 2 h under normal pressure to obtain aprotic ionic liquid ultra-high temperature heat-conducting oil. The present invention discloses a environm entally-friendly ultra-high temperature heat-conducting oil based on aprotic ionic liquid having high safety, non-toxic product, wide available raw materials and low price, low temperature viscosity, extremely low vapor pressure, high thermal efficiency and excellent high temper ature performance, reducing pollutant discharge, safety, and a wide range of uses. Keywords: high temperature heat conducting oil aprotic ionic liquid available Substances (32) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 26 47 Ionic liquid -containing solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and method for producing same By: Kim, Seon Hwan Korea, Republic of, KR2022049789 A 2022-04-22 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to an ionic liquid -containing solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Provided is a solid polymer electr olyte membrane capable of preventing electrode damage and perfor mance degradation caused by dendrites in a lithium metal electrode. Keywords: ionic liquid solid polymer electr olyte membrane available Substances (36) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 48 Ionic liquid -containing solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and method for producing same By: Kim, Sun Hwan World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2022080535 A1 2022-04-21 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to an ionic liquid -containing solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Provided is a solid polymer electr olyte membrane capable of preventing electrode damage and perfor mance degradation caused by dendrites in a lithium metal electrode. Keywords: ionic liquid solid polymer electr olyte membrane available Substances (36) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 27 49 Modeling of H2S solubility in ionic liquids using deep learning: A chemical structure-based approach By: Mousavi, Seyed Pezhman; Atashrouz, Saeid; Nakhaei-Kohani, Reza; Hadavimoghaddam, Fahimeh; Shawabkeh, Ali; HemmatiSarapardeh, Abdolhossein; Mohaddespour, Ahmad Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 351, 118418 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, flammable, corrosive, and acidic gas that can have harmful impacts on the enviro nment. Ionic liquids (ILs) are relatively new solutions that have desirable characte ristics such as high thermal and electrochem. stabilities, negligible vapor pressure, non-combustibility, and high solubility, allowing them to be an appropriate choice of liquid solvents in gas removal processes. In this study, deep learning (DL) approaches were utilized to predict the H2S solubility in ionic liquids (ILs). The proposed models include convolutional neural network (C NN), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), deep belief networks (DBN), and deep neural network initialization with decision trees (DJINN). To this end, a large databank in a broad range of pressure and temperature encompassing 1516 data points of H2S solubility in 37 various I Ls was used for developing models. In these models, the chem. structure of ILs, temperature, and pressure were considered as the model's inputs, while H2S solubility was the model's output. The results reveal that the CNN model provides more accurate, rapid, flexible, and inexpe nsive estimations for H2S solubility in ILs with an average absolute percent relative error (A APRE) of 2.92% and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The results were then compared to those of previously proposed techniques in the literature. According to the results of the sensit ivity anal., it was found that pressure and -OH (as substructure) impose the highest pos. and the highest neg. impacts on the solubility of H2S in ILs, resp. Also, based on sensitivity anal., temperature has a reverse effect on the solubility of H2S and with increasing temperature, the H2S solubility decreases. The Taylor diagram illust rated that the CNN approach is very efficient, accurate, and realistic for predicting the solubility of H2S in diverse ILs based on the chem. structure, pressure, and temper ature Finally, trend anal. revealed that the trends of CNN predictions are in great agreement with the measured data of H2S solubility in ILs as a function of pressure. The findings of this work may be used not only to overcome the difficulties of calculating H2S solubility in ILs, but also to develop novel and accurate forecasting algorithms for a large dataset that cover a broad range of temper atures and pressures. Keywords: hydrogen sulfide solubility ionic liquid deep learning chem structure Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (14) SciFinder Page 28 50 Hierarchical Ionic Liquid Screening Integrating COSMO-RS and Aspen Plus for Selective Recovery of Hydrofluorocarbons and Hydrofluoroolefins from a Refrigerant Blend By: Qin, Hao; Cheng, Jie; Yu, Hantao; Zhou, Teng ; Song, Zhen Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2022), 61(11), 4083-4094 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The selective recovery of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluo roolefins (HFOs) from end- of-life equipment is regarded as an efficient and sustainable way for their reclam ation, thereby reducing the production and emission of H FCs with high global warming potential. A R454C blend constituted of difluoromethane (R-32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is a nontoxic and mildly flammable refrigerant ideally suitable for hermet ically sealed refrigeration systems. This work presents a hierar chical screening of ionic liquids (ILs) for R-32 and R-1234yf recovery from R454 C. First, 1093 HFC/HFO-in-IL solubility data (543 for R-32 and 550 for R-1234yf) are collected from the literature to evaluate the reliab ility of the COSMO-RS model for this system. Then, the solubility of R-32 and R-1234yf in 2224 ILs composed of 59 cations and 38 anions is predicted by C OSMO-RS; following that, the IL structural effects on gas solubility are analyzed according to -profiles and excess energies. Subsequ ently, combining the thermodn. performance and the m.p. constraint, the top six I Ls among the involved ILs are identified. Based on the retained I Ls, a continuous absorption is simulated and evaluated in Aspen Plus, demonstrating that ILs N-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium thiocyanate and N-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium hydrogensulfate are promising absorbents from the process point of view. Keywords: hierarchical ionic liquid screening COSMO RS recovery hydrofluorocarbon hydrofluoroolefin Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (6) SciFinder Page 29 51 Composition for polymer electrolyte comprising ion conductive monomer and polymerizable comonomer, polymer electrolyte comprising same, method for manufacturing polymer electrolyte, and electronic device By: Lee, Jeong Hyeon; Yoo, Jeong Jun; Baek, Jeong Hun; Yeo, Jeong Gu; Lim, Hyeon Ju; Lee, Hye Jin Korea, Republic of, KR2377667 B1 2022-03-24 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus A supercapacitor or secondary battery using polymer electr olyte having larger capacity, excellent flexib ility and stretchability, and high ionic conductivity is provided. The composition for polymer electr olyte comprises an ion conductive monomers, polymer izable comonomer, and further comprises at least one or more additives selected from the group consisting of S N (succinonitrile), P EGDME (polyethyleneglycol dimethylene ether) and PEG (polyethylene glycol, etc). The method for producing a polymer electr olyte comprising the following step: subjecting the composition for a polymer electr olyte to a solvent- free crosslinking polymerization reaction using 3D printing. The electronic device comprising polymer electr olyte comprises a supercapacitor, a lithium secondary battery, or an alk. battery. Keywords: polymer electrolyte ion conductive monomer comonomer electronic device available Substances (28) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 52 Composition and method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte By: Lee, Jung-Hyun; Yoo, Jungjoon; Baek, Jeong Hun; Yeo, Jeong-Gu; Lim, Hyun Ju; Lee, Hye Jin United States, US20220093968 A1 2022-03-24 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present disclosure relates to a composition for a polymer electr olyte, a polymer electrolyte comprising the same, and a method for producing the polymer electrolyte, and specifically, to a composition for a polymer electr olyte comprising an ion conductive monomer and a polymerizable comonomer, and a polymer electr olyte comprising the same. Keywords: polymer electrolyte available Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 30 53 Colloids of HEA nanoparticles in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid prepared by magnetron sputtering: Structural and magnetic properties By: Dvurecenskij, A.; Cigan, A.; Lobotka, P.; Radnoczi, G.; Skratek, M.; Benyo, J.; Kovacova, E.; Majerova, M.; Manka, J. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2022), 896, 163089 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Colloids consisting of the CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy nanoparticles in ionic liquid with the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMI M]+) cation and the tetrafluo roborate ([BF4]-) anion were obtained by the D C magnetron sputtering of high- entropy alloy target in vacuum, onto the surface of [BMIM.BF4] ionic liquid The method of the nanoparticle colloid preparation is based on negligibly small vapor pressure of the ionic liquid , which allows its application in vacuum. The high-entropy alloy nanoparticle colloids were studied by HRTEM microscopy and S QUID magnetometry. Results of the structural and magnetic analyses show that the colloids contain ultra-small single-crystalline nanoparticles of an uneven shape and typical size of (2- 3) nm. The nanoparticles have relatively narrow size distribution which is typical for this prepar ation method. The high-entropy alloy nanocolloids show complex magnetic properties that are a function of temperature, applied magnetic field and mass content of the nanoparticles in the colloids. The obtained results imply significant magnetic interactions between the ionic liquid and the high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. Keywords: high entropy alloy imidazolium magnetron sputtering structural magnetic property Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 54 Charge delocalization and hyperpolarizability in ionic liquids By: Rodriguez-Fernandez, Carlos Damian; Varela, Luis M.; Schroder, Christian; Lago, Elena Lopez Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 349, 118153 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work the role that charge delocalization plays in the non-linear optical response of ionic liquids is evaluated. The first hyperpolarizability for the non-linear process of second harmonic generation (S HG) and second hyperpolarizability for the nonlinear process of electro-optical Kerr-Effect (EOKE) of a large number of ionic liquid forming ions were estimated by means of d. functional theory calculations The results point to that both charge delocal ization and mol. geometry are the key features that govern their hyperpolarizabilities. Our findings show that some of the most commonly used anions in ionic liquids are expected to present strong non-linear responses while common cations present a much more limited perfor mance. However, this limitation can be overcome by a proper tailoring of cations to present charge delocalization over large mol. regions. The hypothesis of additivity of hyperpolarizabilities in ionic liquids is tested and exploited to obtain a map of second and third order non- linear susceptibilities of 1496 ion combinations. This map is intended to be a guide for future works on the hyperpolar izability of ILs. Keywords: ionic liquid charge delocalization hyperpolarizability Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 31 55 Quantitative structure-property relationship for predicting the diffusion coefficient of ionic liquids By: Xiao, Yongjun; Song, Fan; An, Shuhao; Zeng, Fazhan; Xu, Yingjie; Peng, Changjun; Liu, Honglai Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 349, 118476 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Quant. structure-property relationship models can offer theor. prediction of physicochem. properties of ionic liquids (ILs), and the exploration of mol. descriptors that reflect the structural characteristics of ILs is of primary importance for Q SPR models. Here, three novel QSPR models, termed as Model I, Model I I and DB - QSPR model, are developed to predict the diffusion coeffi cient of I Ls by using conductor- like screening model for segment activity coeffi cient (COSMO-SAC) based descriptors. The established Model I matches well with the exptl. data set for both cations and anions, as evidenced by the high values of the coefficient of determi nation (R2) (greater than 0.95) in the training set and the testing set. Model I I can be used to calculate the self-diffusion coefficients of ILs with a fixed anion of [N Tf2], and the corresponding R2 values are greater than 0.97 in the training set and the testing set. The mutual diffusion coefficients of ILs in water at infinite dilution (D B) can reliably be predicted by D B - QSPR model, which demons trates excellent predictive power because of the high values of R 2 (greater than 0.97) in the training set and the testing set. In addition, the value of average absolute relative deviation (AARD) between exptl. and calculated D B is 5.023% in the overall set. According to the afore-mentioned QSPR models, the diffusion coeffi cient of ILs is pos. correlated with temper ature and neg. correlated with the cavity volume of ion. Keywords: ionic liquid diffusion coefficient quant structure property relati onship Substances (70) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 56 A method of continuous electrochemical dinitrogen reduction By: MacFarlane, Douglas R.; Simonov, Alexandr Nikolaevich; Suryanto, Bryan Harry Rahmat; Matuszek, Karolina; Cherepanov, Pavel World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2022020904 A1 2022-02-03 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention provides a method of continuous electrochem. dinitrogen reduction to produce NH3, the method comprising: supplying dinitrogen to an electrochem. cell comprising an electr olyte in contact with at least a cathode; introd ucing protons to the electrolyte by anodic oxidation of a H- containing species; and cathodically reducing the dinitrogen in the presence of a metal selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al and V to produce NH3, wherein the electrolyte comprises a cationic proton carrier capable of reversible deprotonation to form a neutral proton acceptor, wherein the neutral proton acceptor is an ylide. Keywords: continuous electrochem dinitrogen reduction available Substances (41) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 32 57 Computer aided molecular design coupled with molecular dynamics as a novel approach to design new lubricants By: Valencia-Marquez, Darinel; Flores-Tlacuahuac, Antonio; Garcia-Cuellar, Alejandro J.; Ricardez-Sandoval, Luis Computers & Chemical Engineering (2022), 156, 107523 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work we present an approach to design lubricants, based on Computer Aided Mol. Design (CAMD) methodologies for the design of an ionic liquid based lubricant, coupled with mol. dynamics to validate the mol. design. The case of study is an ionic liquid based lubricant for use in automotive engine applica tions, the design meets S AE 40 monograde standard C AMD model uses Quant. Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) methods for estimate proper ties. CAMD model is solved as MINLP problem using classical optimization techniques. The validation of properties and chem. feasib ility of the mol. is performed using classical mol. dynamics simulations. Results shows good agreement with exptl. results from litera ture. Hence, a reduction in time and investment necessary for design new materials can be achieved by combining CAMD and mol. dynamic methodo logies. Keywords: lubricant mol dynamics computer aided design Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 58 Hydrogen bond redistribution effects in mixtures of protic ionic liquids sharing same cation nonideal mixing with large negative mixing enthalpies By: Golub, Benjamin; Ondo, Daniel; Overbeck, Viviane; Ludwig, Ralf; Paschek, Dietmar ChemRxiv (2022), 1-12 | Language: English, Database: CAplus We report a joint exptl. and theor. study characterizing the hydrogen bond (HB) redistribution in mixtures of two different protic ionic liquids (PILs) sharing the same cation: triethyla mmonium-methanesulfonate ([TEA][OMs]) and triethylammonium-trifluoro methanesulfonate ([TEA][OTf]). The mixing behavior deviates strongly from ideality, exhibiting large neg. energies of mixing. In the P IL, the [TEA] cation acts as a HB donor, being able to donate a single H B. Both, the [OMs] and the [OTf] anions can act as HB acceptors, which can accept multiple HBs via their resp. S O3-groups. We use a combin ation of mol. dynamics (M D) simulations, calorimetry, and 1H-NMR chem. shift measur ements to determine the difference in HB strength between the two species to be about 13 kJ mol-1, favoring the [TEA]-[OMs] interaction. Based on our M D simulations we are able to formulate a lattice model, discriminating between HB and nonspecific intermol. interactions. We demonstrate that, due to the ordered structure of the P ILs, only the HB interactions contribute to the mixing energy. This allows to us to connect the equili brium of HBs to each of the two anion species with the mixing energies by a simple relation, which is obeyed by both, MD-simulation as well as exptl. calori metry and 1H-NMR chem. shift data. Keywords: hydrogen bond triethylammonium methanesulfonate protic ionic liquid Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 33 59 Unravelling free volume in branched-cation ionic liquids based on silicon By: Bakis, Eduards; Goloviznina, Kateryna; Vaz, Ines C. M.; Sloboda, Diana; Hazens, Daniels; Valkovska, Valda; Klimenkovs, Igors; Padua, Agilio; Costa Gomes, Margarida Chemical Science (2022), 13(31), 9062-9073 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The branching of ionic liquid cation sidechains utilizing silicon as the backbone was explored and it was found that this structural feature leads to fluids with remarkably low d. and viscosity. The relatively low liquid densities suggest a large free volume in these liquids Argon solubility was measured using a precise saturation method to probe the relative free volumes Argon molar solubi lities were slightly higher in ionic liquids with alkylsilane and siloxane groups within the cation, compared to carbon- based branched groups. The anion size, however, showed by far the dominant effect on argon solubility Thermodn. solvation parameters were derived from the solubility data and the argon solvation environment was modelled utilizing the polarizable CL&Pol force field. Semiquant. anal. was in agreement with trends established from the exptl. data. The results of this investi gation demonstrate design principles for targeted ionic liquids when optimization for the free volume is required, and demons trate the utility of argon as a simple, noninteracting probe. As more ionic liquids find their way into industrial processes of scale, these findings are important for their utilization in the capture of any gaseous solute, gas separation, or in processes involving the transfo rmation of gases or small mols. Keywords: silicon based free volume branched cation ionic liquid Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 60 Theoretical and experimental study of calcium extraction using ionic liquids : COSMO-RS approach By: Gharehdaghi, Tayebe; Karimi-Sabet, Javad; Ghoreishi, Seyyed Mohammad; Motallebipour, Maryam; Sadjadi, Sodeh Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022), 345, 118174 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The current investigation is aimed to find the effective Task-Specific Ionic Liquid (TSIL) for the extraction of the calcium ion through the quick screening method based on the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (C OSMO-RS). From the several prescr eened cations and anions with different functional groups, a set of approp riate combinations were preliminarily selected to be examined for their efficiency of the calcium ion extraction With the aid of the COSMO-RS model, the values of the octanol- water partition coefficient (Kow), m.p., and viscosity of the selected T SILs, as well as the infinite dilution chem. potential of the Ca Cl2 and Ca(NO3)2 salts in the studied T SILs were computed. Anal. of the obtained results led to the conclusion that phosphate anions in combination with tetrabutylammonium [N4444]+ and tetrabutylphosphonium [P4444]+ cations would form more effective T SILs for the Ca2+ extraction Among these, T SILs tetrabutylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [N4444][DEHP] and tetrabutylphos phonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [P4444][DEHP] were synthesized to verify the computational results, and the extraction of calcium ion was measured as a function of various diluent and concentration of TSILs. The synthesized TSILs represented high calcium extraction efficiency, which was in agreement with the computa tional result. The mechanism of calcium extraction was studied using the slope anal. method. The stripping of calcium ion from the organic phase and recyclability of TSILs were also investigated. Keywords: calcium extraction ionic liquid Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 34 61 Novel method for prediction of refractive index of ionic liquids and alcohol binary systems By: Goodarzi, Mohammad Sadegh; Kiomarsiyan, Amin; Rouhibakhsh, Karim; Pourfatehyan, Ebrahim Petroleum Science and Technology, | Language: English, Database: CAplus Recently, ionic liquids as a new group of solvent have succes sfully showed high capacity for applic ations in chem. engineering industries because of their desirable properties so knowledge of their properties such refractive indexes of the binary system of alcs. and ionic liquids have high importance. This paper presents predictive tool based Least Squares Support Vector Machine optimized by Particle swarm optimization to determined refractive index of this binary system. In order to prepare the mentioned algorithm, a comprehensive databank contains 688 exptl. refractive indexes of the binary system of different alcs. and ionic liquids is used. The developed method shows satisfying results based on statistical and graphical comparisons. Furthermore the effects of different inputs on refractive index term has been investigated by a novel sensitivity anal. Keywords: binary system refractive index least square support vector machine Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 62 Method for protecting metal anode of water system battery by hydrophobic organic layer By: Niu, Zhiqiang; Zhu, Jiacai; Wan, Fang; Chen, Jun China, CN113764652 A 2021-12-07 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a protection method having a traditional anode protection strategy, and which has the advantages of simpli city, efficiency, sustainability, low cost, and wide applica bility, it can be applied in various water- based batteries, and used in integrated circuits, there are broad application prospects in the fields of smart grid and green energy, and it is expected to realize its industrial production The metal anode protection method comprises the following steps: (1) taking the hydrophobic membrane as the hydrophobic substrate, and use the impregnation technol. to fully impregnate the metal salt-containing organic electrolyte; (2) obtaining a special hydrophobic separator-organic electrolyte structure, and then building it on the surface of the metal anode; and (3) using the hydrophobicity of the separator to avoid direct contact between the aqueous electr olyte and the metal anode, so as to realize the high-efficiency protection of the metal anode. Keywords: metal anode water system battery hydrophobic organic layer available Substances (38) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 35 63 Electrochemical cells in the solid state, methods for preparing same and uses thereof By: Kim, Chisu; Darwiche, Ali; Fleutot, Benoit; Garitte, Emmanuelle; Koh, Ki Seok; Girard, Marc-Andre; Gagnon, Catherine; Zaghib, Karim World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2021237335 A1 2021-12-02 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Disclosed are electrochem. cells in an entirely solid state, containing a composite consisting of inorganic particles and polymer, where the polymer is a cross-linked polymer and the content of inorganic particles in the composite is at least 50% by weight Also disclosed are the methods for preparing such electrochem. cells in an entirely solid state, solid- state batteries containing such cells and uses thereof in roaming devices, elec. or hybrid vehicles or for storing renewable energy. Keywords: electrochem cell solid state method preparing use; battery roaming device elec hybrid vehicle storing renewable energy available Substances (156) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 64 Tactile sensor By: Chen, Shuai; Leong, Wei Lin World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2021236018 A1 2021-11-25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The disclosure provides an electrochem. transistor including a solid polymer electr olyte layer including an ionic conductive polymer and an ionic liquid incorporated into the ionic conductive polymer; a gate electrode that is deposited on a first main side of the solid polymer electrolyte layer; a source electrode and a drain electrode; and a channel comprising a semicon ducting material facing a second main side of the solid polymer electrolyte layer and connecting the source electrode with the drain electrode, the second main side being opposite to the first main side. The disclosure also provides a process for making an electrochem. transistor as defined above and a pressure sensor including the electrochem. transistor. Keywords: tactile sensor pressure flexible electrochem transistor available Substances (64) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 36 65 Modeling surface tension of ionic liquids by chemical structure-intelligence based models By: Mousavi, Seyed-Pezhman; Atashrouz, Saeid; Nait Amar, Menad; Hadavimoghaddam, Fahimeh; Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza; Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein; Mohaddespour, Ahmad Journal of Molecular Liquids (2021), 342, 116961 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Surface tension is one of the most significant physicochem. characteristics in process design, industrial applic ations of heterog eneous systems, and scientific applications. To estimate the surface tension of ionic liquids , acquiring a reliable and accurate model is crucial since exptl. measurements are costly and time-consuming. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to estimate the surface tension of ionic liquids (ILs) by utilizing two math. models based on the radial basis function (R BF) and least square-support vector machine (L SSVM), coupled with two optimization algorithms namely firefly algorithm (F FA) and differential evolution (DE). In this work, a huge exptl. dataset including 1042 data points from 69 I Ls was utilized. The dataset consists of surface tension and temperature over a range of 18.5- 70.3 mN/m and 268.29-532.4 K, resp., where the pressure is constant (0.101 M Pa). The input parameters were chosen to be chem. structure and temperature, whereas the surface tension was the output parameter. Sensitivity anal., statistical, and graphical error were used in order to evaluate the perfor mance and accuracy of the proposed models. The results showed that the LSSVM-FFA model accurately predicts the surface tension of I Ls with the percentage of average absolute relative deviation of 1.8440% and determination coefficient of 0.9828. The sensitivity anal. showed that surface tension is affected by some substrates such as -NH2 and -SO2 more dominantly compared to other substru ctures. Furthermore, statistical and graphical error analyses of the models developed in this study along with those obtained from the literature demonstrate that the L SSVM-FFA model significantly outperforms all the existing models in terms of accuracy and range of validity. Finally, conclu sions drawn from understanding the impact of temper ature on the surface tension using the proposed models reveals a declining surface tension with increasing temperature owing to the effect of intermol. forces. The outcome of this study can help not only circumvent the challenges of predicting surface tension of ILs, but also establish modern and reliable predictive approaches for an extensive dataset over a wide range of temperatures Keywords: ionic liquid chem structure intell igence model surface tension Substances (68) Reactions (0) Citing (19) 66 Cost-effective method for recycling and utilizing lithium difluorophosphate synthesis tail gas By: Zhang, Hu; Cai, Yuanli; Cao, Bin; Zhou, Zhenlun; Lv, Fulu China, CN113636535 A 2021-11-12 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The method for recycling and utilizing lithium difluorophosphate synthesis tail gas comprises: separating the phosphorus pentafl uoride and trimeth ylfluorosilane in the tail gas prepared by the phosphorus pentafl uoride gas method to prepare lithium difluorop hosphate by condensation, and then reacting lye with trimeth ylfluorosilane liquid to prepare hexamethyldisiloxane, absorbing the phosphorus pentafluoride gas in the tail gas by ionic liquid to become a complex, and then heating the complex to continue the release of the phosphorus pentafluoride gas used to prepare lithium difluorop hosphate. The present invention discloses a simple and environmentally-friendly method for recycling and utilizing lithium difluorop hosphate synthesis tail gas having improved utiliz ation rate. Keywords: lithium difluorophosphate tail gas recycling available Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 37 67 Separation of vanillin by perstraction using hydrophobic ionic liquids as extractant phase: Analysis of mass transfer and screening of ILs via COSMO-RS By: Olea, F.; Merlet, G.; Araya-Lopez, C.; Cabezas, R.; Villarroel, E.; Quijada-Maldonado, E.; Romero, J. Separation and Purification Technology (2021), 274, 119008 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This paper presents an exptl. and theor. study for a perstraction system to recover diluted vanillin from aqueous solutions using an organophilic and hydrophobic membrane of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([bmim][Tf2N]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) imide ([omim][Tf2N]) and trihexyl tetradecyl phosph onium cyanamide ([P6,6,6,14][DCA]) as the extractant phase. The proposed mass transfer model was established as suitable for describing the extraction of vanillin from the aqueous phase in the perstr action system using ILs. According to this model, it was determined that the main mass transfer resist ances were offered by the P DMS membrane, followed by the IL. [P6,6,6,14][DCA] exptl. showed a 13% increase in the transme mbrane flux in comparison with the [ Tf2 N] anion based ILs, but also showed higher water transme mbrane flux. In this regard, [omim] [Tf2N] was found to exhibit better vanillin/water selectivity. The perstraction system gives better transme mbrane fluxes than the data reported in the literature for vanillin extraction using pervaporation system. On the other hand, according to the screening in C OSMO-RS, the combination of the anions DCA, SCN, TCC, Otf, PFBS, Tf2N, Pf2N y PF6 with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and phosphonium base cations, are suitable to increase the performance of vanillin extraction Keywords: separation vanillin perstraction hydrophobic ionic liquid extractant phase COSMO Substances (34) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 68 Method for recycling battery electrodes By: Billy, Emmanuel World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2021198600 A1 2021-10-07 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Disclosed is a method for recycling at least one electrode, comprises: providing at least one electrode comprising a current collector, an active material and, optionally, a binder; immersing at least one electrode in an ionic liquid solution comprising a solvent ionic liquid , in the presence of ultrasound, whereby the active material, and if applicable the binder, is separated from the current collector. Keywords: recycling ultrasonication ionic liquid battery electrode available Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 38 69 Method for recycling battery electrodes By: Billy, Emmanuel France, FR3108918 A1 2021-10-08 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Disclosed is a method for recycling at least one electrode, comprises: providing at least one electrode comprising a current collector, an active material and, optionally, a binder; immersing at least one electrode in an ionic liquid solution comprising a solvent ionic liquid , in the presence of ultrasound, whereby the active material, and if applicable the binder, is separated from the current collector. Keywords: recycling ultrasonication ionic liquid battery electrode available Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 70 Filling the knowledge gap: A suspect screening study for 1310 potentially persistent and mobile chemicals with SFC- and HILIC-HRMS in two German river systems By: Neuwald, Isabelle; Muschket, Matthias ; Zahn, Daniel; Berger, Urs; Seiwert, Bettina; Meier, Till; Kuckelkorn, Jochen Claudia; Knepper, Thomas P.; Reemtsma, Thorsten Water Research (2021), 204, 117645 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE ; Strobel, Persistent and mobile chems. (PM chems.) were searched for in surface waters by hydrop hilic interaction liquid chromatog. (HILIC) and supercritical fluid chromatog. (S FC), both coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A suspect screening was performed using a newly compiled list of 1310 potential PM chems. to the data of 11 surface water samples from two river systems. In total, 64 compounds were identified by this approach. The overlap between HILIC- and SFC-HRMS was limited (31 compounds) , confirming the complementarity of the two methods used. The identified P M candidates are characterized by a high polarity (median logD -0.4 at p H 7.5), a low mol. weight (median 187 g/mol) , are mostly ionic (54 compounds) and contain a large number of heteroatoms (one per four carbons on average) . Among the most frequently detected novel or yet scarcely invest igated water contaminants were cyanoguanidine (11/11 samples), adamantan-1-amine (10/11), trifluoromethanesulfonate (9/11), 2-acrylamido-2methylpropanesulfonate (10/11), and the inorganic anions hexafluorophosphate (11/11) and tetrafluoroborate (10/11). 31% of the identified suspects are mainly used in ionic liquids , a chem. diverse group of industrial chems. with numerous applic ations that is so far rarely studied for their occurrence in the environment. Prioritization of the findings of PM candidates is hampered by the apparent lack of toxicity data. Hence, precautionary principles and minimization approaches should be applied for the risk assessment and risk management of these substances. The large share of novel water contam inants among these findings of the suspect screening indicates that the universe of PM chems. present in the environment has so far only scarcely been explored. Dedicated anal. methods and screening lists appear essential to close the anal. gap for PM compounds Keywords: persistent mobile chem supercritical fluid chromatog surface water; Drinking water; Ground water; LC-MS; PMT-substa nces; Wastewater; Water cycle Substances (59) Reactions (0) Citing (37) SciFinder Page 39 71 Sol-gel synthesis pathway and electrochemical performance of ionogels: A deeper look into the importance of alkoxysilane precursor By: Janani, Ronak ; Farmilo, Nicolas ; Roberts, Alexander ; Sammon, Chris Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids (2021), 569, 120971 | Language: English, Database: CAplus There is a great interest in the application of ionogels as electrolytes for energy storage devices due to their enhanced safety compared to conventional electrolytes. This work aims to shed light on an often- overlooked aspect of ionogel synthesis which is the impact of the precursors on the sol-gel reaction kinetics and the electr ochem. properties of the resultant ionogels. Using timeresolved Raman spectroscopy the non-hydrolytic sol-gel synthesis of ionogels from four different alkoxy silane precursors was monitored. Their electrochem. performance as electrolyte for elec. double- layer capacitors were characterized using cyclic voltam metry and electr ochem. impedance spectroscopy. Our findings suggest that the presence of ionic liquid does not impact the solgel process kinetics of all four formul ations in the same manner. In addition, ionogel formulations with the longest gelation time demonstrated poor electrochem. properties caused by the further ingress of silica into the activated carbon electr odes. Keywords: ethyl formate methyltriethoxysilane trifluoromethanesulfonate ion soluble gel method Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 72 Methods of recovering an elemental rare earth metal, methods of forming a rare earth metal, and related systems By: Case, Mary E.; Fox, Robert V.; Baek, Donna L. United States, US20210292870 A1 2021-09-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A method of removing of recovering an elemental rare earth metal comprises placing a rare earth-containing material comprising a rare earth metal in a reaction solution comprising a reducing agent and a non-aqueous solvent comprising an ionic liquid or a eutectic mixture, reducing the rare earth metal with the reducing agent to form a metallic rare earth metal and cations of the reducing agent, transferring the cations of the reducing agent from the reaction solution to an electr ochem. cell through an ion exchange membrane, and reducing the cations of the reducing agent in the electrochem. cell. Related methods of forming an elemental rare earth metal, and related systems are disclosed. Keywords: method recovering elemental rare earth metal forming available Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 40 73 Ionic liquid -based organic heat carrier new material, and its preparation method By: Zhao, Jia China, CN113429944 A 2021-09-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus An environmentally-friendly and safe ionic liquid -based organic heat carrier new material having high efficiency, energy saving, good thermal stability, convenience, accuracy, prolonged service life, and wide applic ation prospects is provided. The preparation method comprises: dissolving the ionic liquid in a dispersant, stirring, immersing, performing microwave assist, vacuum drying treatment to obtain an ionic liquid organic heat carrier material. Keywords: trifluoromethanesulfonate stearamide ethylene glycol monophenyl ether available Substances (69) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 74 Screening of alternative solvent ionic liquids for artemisinin: COSMO-RS prediction and experimental verification By: Cao, Yingying; Wu, Zhixing; Zhang, Ying; Liu, Yanrong; Wang, Hui Journal of Molecular Liquids (2021), 338, 116778 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Organic solvents are usually used to extract artemisinin from Artemisia annua L., and they can also be the solvents for the subsequent purification or derivatization to produce compounds with more efficient antima larial effect. However, these solvents are volatile, explosive and toxic. The designable material ionic liquids (ILs) are alternative solvents to replace traditional ones. In this work, a reliable method for screening ILs with high solvation capability for artemi sinin was developed. The infinite dilution activity coefficients of artemisinin in 903 ILs, composed by 43 cations and 21 anions, were calculated by C OSMO-RS, and the results implied that the solubility of artemisinin in ILs mainly depends on the anions. Solubilities of artemisinin in 14 representative ILs were tested, and the results were in good accordance with those obtained in COSMO-RS calculation The stability of artemi sinin in some typical ILs was also studied, which indicated that this drug was stable in [E MIM][BF4], [EMIM][CF3Ac], [EMIM][NTF2], [BPY][NT F2], [EMIM][SCN], and [EMIM][Ac]. The excess enthalpy anal. demons trated that artemisinin interacted with ILs mainly through hydrogen bond. Extraction of artemisinin using the optimal I L indicated that more artemisinin could be extracted from the leaves when compared with petroleum ether (254.73 mg/mol IL vs. 14.16 mg/mol solvent), further verifying accuracy of the simulation results. Therefore, structures of ILs with high solvation capacity for artemi sinin can be obtained by the C OSMO-RS method. Keywords: artemisinin solvent ionic liquid evaporation solubility bond strength Substances (73) Reactions (0) Citing (6) SciFinder Page 41 75 Electrochemical tools to disclose the electrochemical reduction mechanism of CO 2 in aprotic solvents and ionic liquids By: Mena, Silvia; Ribas, Esteve ; Richart, Clara; Gallardo, Iluminada; Faraudo, Jordi; Shaw, Scott K.; Guirado, Gonzalo Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (2021), 895, 115411 | Language: English, Database: CAplus CO2 (CO2) plays a key role in contro lling the temperature of the Earth. But the increase in the concent ration of CO2 in the atm. brings with it consequences, originating several environmental problems. The use of electro chem., spectroscopic and mol. dynamics techniques are useful toolkits to valorize CO2, and to know the reduction mechanism as a function of C O2 concentration, the cathode nature, and the electrolyte. This manuscript will be mainly centered in the use of ionic liquids (IL) for efficient CO2 capture and valorization into different valuable products thanks to the C O2 electrochem. reduction In this sense, spectroele ctrochem. based on cyclic voltam metry coupled with Polarization Modulation-IR Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and IR Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS) appear to be an efficient instrument to follow the C O2 reactivity in imidazolium ionic liquids Finally, the authors present mol. dynamics paired with cyclic voltam metry to calculate the diffusion coefficient of CO2 and the number of electrons involved in its reduction process, resp. Therefore, the current research opens the door to the use of theor.-exptl. approaches altogether to determine how is the C O2 reduction mechanism. The CO2 reduction products in function of the solvent and nature of the cathode is suggested, proving that the product obtained from the electrochem. reduction of CO2 depends on the electrode material and the solvent. Keywords: reduction electrochem carbon dioxide aprotic solvent ionic liquid Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (5) 76 Chemical treatment for preparing metal electrodes By: Best, Adam; Collis, Gavin World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2021155432 A1 2021-08-12 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present disclosure relates to chem. treatments for preparing metal electrodes, including ex-situ chem. treatments for preparing metal electrodes and to ex-situ chem. treated metal electr odes, which can be used in electr ochem. cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods for forming a metal fluoride-based layer (e.g. a S EI fluoride layer) on a metal or an electrode thereof comprising an ex-situ chem. treatment of the metal or electrode thereof, and to electr ochem. cells comprising the ex-situ chem. treated metal electrodes. The fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of R 1-NF-R2 wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from an optionally substi tuted alkyl or an electron withdr awing group, or R1 and R2 together form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring. Keywords: ex situ chem treatment metal electrode fluoride layer available Substances (47) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 42 77 High strength ionic gels based on multiple non-covalent crosslinking By: Tang, Zhehao; Shen, Zhihao; Fan, Xinghe China, CN113061266 A 2021-07-02 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title ionic gel consisting of ionic liquid and polymer represented by formula I, wherein, R is an alkyl group with a C number of 2- 6; M+ is an alkali metal cation; x, y, and z represent the d.p. of each monomer in the copolymer, and the mol. weight of the polymer is 100000-200000Da, x is accounts for 70-90% of the total d.p., y accounts for 5- 20% of the total d.p., and z accounts for 5- 20% of the total d.p. Keywords: high strength ionic liquid gel preparation CH2 CH x C O O CH2 CH y CO HO CH2 CH z C -O O M+ R I available Substances (14) Reactions (3) Citing (0) 78 Piezoelectric composite materials having improved piezoelectric properties By: Pibre, Guillaume; Lafort, Francois World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2021130434 A1 2021-07-01 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a piezoelec. composite material based on a polymer matrix, with piezoelec. inorganic fillers, characterized in that said material further comprises 1 ionic liquid Q+A-, in which Q+ represents a cation chosen from among quaternary ammonium cations and quaternary phosphonium cations and A - represents any anion able to form a liquid salt at a temper ature <100. The invention also relates to a device comprising 1 layer based on 1 piezoelec. composite material defined above and 2 electrodes arranged on either side of said layer. Another subject of the present invention is a tire comprising 1 piezoelec. device defined above. Keywords: piezoelec composite polymer liquid crystal salt plastic tire elastomer available Substances (30) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 43 79 Study of the toluene absorption capacity and mechanism of ionic liquids using COSMO-RS prediction and experimental verification By: Zhang, Chenglong; Wu, Jin ; Wang, Ruixue ; Ma, En; Wu, Liang; Bai, Jianfeng; Wang, Jingwei Green Energy & Environment (2021), 6(3), 339-349 | Language: English, Database: CAplus As green solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) are quite suitable for the absorption of volatile organic compounds (V OCs) such as benzene and its homologues. However, solvent selection is the key to the VOC absorption process. In the present study, a rapid solvent screening tool, Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (C OSMO-RS), was used to predict the solubility of toluene in 816 I Ls. The effects of four structure charac ters, namely, the type and alkyl chain length of the cations and anions on the solubility of toluene were discussed. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: (1) I Ls with pyrrolidinium-based cations showed better solubility than pyridinium- and imidazolium-based ones. (2) The solubility of toluene in PF6-based ILs increased with the increasing alkyl chain length, while its solubility in Ac-based ILs exhibited the opposite trend. (3) Toluene showed greater solubility in Cl-based ILs than those based on other anions. (4) The solubility of toluene increased with the anion alkyl chain length. Ac- based I Ls were chosen as the most promising potential solvents, and further studied to determine the relati onship between various intera ction energy parameters and toluene solubility The results showed that the misfit energy played a dominant role during the absorption process. Furthermore, several ILs were selected for exptl. verifi cation of the predicted solubility behavior using liquid and gaseous toluene. The results demonstrated that COSMO-RS could be used to semi- quant. and qual. predict the solubility of toluene, and this model had promising prospects in screening ILs for VOCs absorption. In summary, this study provided a fundam ental basis and practical data for the control and treatment of V OCs. Keywords: butylimidazolium toluene ionic liquid volatile organic compound solubility Substances (52) 80 Colloidal ionic -liquid electrolytes By: Rodrigues, Stanley J.; Kichambare, Padmakar D. United States, US11050082 B1 2021-06-29 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Reactions (0) Citing (17) A colloidal ionic - liquid electrolyte for electr ochem. devices is presented. The colloidal ionic - liquid electrolyte consists of a room temperature ionic - liquid , lithium salt, and a ceramic particle phase (powder) with a high dielec. material dispersed in the ionic liquid electrolyte, where the colloidal ionic - liquid electrolyte exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity in the electrochem. device compared to the ionic conductivity of the pure room temperature ionic liquid The high dielec. material exhibits the first dielec. constant of 200 and the first mean particle size of 2000 nm. The enhanced ionic conductivity is observed in the temper ature range of 75 to -60 and is more pronounced at colder temper atures The colloidal ionic - liquid electrolyte exhibits enhanced non-flammability, enhanced mech. stability, enhanced thermal stability, and suppressed flowab ility. Keywords: colloidal ionic liquid electrolyte electrochem device available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 44 81 Piezoelectric composite materials having improved piezoelectric properties By: Pibre, Guillaume; Lafort, Francois France, FR3105590 A1 2021-06-25 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a piezoelec. composite material based on a polymer matrix, charges piezoelec. inorganic, characterized in that said material further comprises 1 ionic liquid of general formula Q+A-, in which Q+ represents a cation chosen from quaternary ammonium cations and quaternary phosphonium cations and A- represents all anion capable of forming a liquid salt at a temperature <100C. The invention also relates to a device comprising 1 layer based on minus one piezoelec. composite material defined above and 2 electrodes arranged on both sides other of said layer. Another object of this invention is a tire comprising 1 piezoelec. device defined above. Keywords: piezoelec composite polymer liquid crystal salt plastic tire elastomer available Substances (30) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 82 Structure and dynamics of TiO 2-anchored D205 dye in ionic liquids and acetonitrile By: Blazhynska, Margaret M.; Stepaniuk, Daria S.; Koverga, Volodymyr; Kyrychenko, Alexander; Idrissi, Abdenacer; Kalugin, Oleg N. Journal of Molecular Liquids (2021), 332, 115811 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Mol. dynamics computer simulations of the solid- liquid interface of TiO2 and D205 dye (anchored or free) and solvent, such as ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium with hexafluorophosphate (BmimPF6) and trifluoromethanesulfonate (BmimTFO) anions) or acetonitrile (ACN) are performed in the canonical (N VT) ensemble. For the solvent and Ti O2 , we used the force fields availabile in the literature or developed by us, while to described the TiO2 and D205 interactions, quantum-chem. calculations were carried out on a small size cluster of TiO2 where the D205 dye was anchored. The simula tions were carried systematically in the absence or presence of the D205 dye. In the latter case, we consider the situation where the dye is covalently anchored or free at the interface. The solvent mols., forming the first layers at the TiO2 interface, have been identified by analyzing the mass d. distri bution and radial distri bution functions. The results show that the solvent mols. are structured in successive layers, the d. of which decreases to reach that of the macroscopic one at a long distance normal to the Ti O2 interface. These findings show also that the F and O atoms of the anions and the N atom of acetonitrile are at a close distance from the Ti or O atoms of the Ti O2 surface, indicating a competition of the solvent and the dye to interact with these atoms. Furthe rmore, the time traces of the z-axis position of certain atoms of the anchored D205 dye did not show any substantial change suggesting the conformation change is not occurring in the time scale of 50 ns. Keywords: titania dye acetonitrile ionic liquid structure dynamics Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (4) SciFinder Page 45 83 Extension of SAFT- to model the phase behavior of CO2+ionic liquid systems By: Ashrafmansouri, Seyedeh-Saba ; Raeissi, Sona Fluid Phase Equilibria (2021), 538, 113026 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A group contribution procedure, on the basis of S AFT- equation, is extended to cover new families of imidaz olium-based ionic liquids (ILs), with either the [MeSO3], [MeSO4], [EtSO4] or [CF3SO3] anions. The IL groups of the SAFT- equation were fit to IL d. data at temperatures from 293.15 to 393.15 K. Pressures varied up to 60 M Pa. The groups corresp onding to the CO2+IL systems were optimized by the solubility data of CO2 in the ILs. The binary system data covered temper atures from 273.15 to 413.15 K, with pressures going up 27 MPa. In addition to the accuracy of estima tions, the strength of S AFT- in predictions was investigated by estimating both the d. of ILs, and the bubble-point pressures for some mixures of C O2+ILs which were not considered in the fitting process. The average absolute relative deviations in d. and bubble pressure predictions did not exceed 2.78% and 4.97%, resp. Keywords: statistical associating fluid theory carbon dioxide ionic liquid solubility Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 84 Density Prediction of Ionic Liquids at Different Temperatures Using the Average Free Volume Model By: Yu, Yang ; Chen, Yunyun ACS Omega (2021), 6(23), 14869-14874 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE In this work, based on the average free volume model, the correlation between the molar volume and the van der Waals volume Vw for the ionic liquids (ILs) was derived. With this model, the d. of pure I Ls and binary and ternary mixtures of I Ls over a wide range of temperature (278-473.15 K) can be calculated with good accuracy only with the inform ation of the chem. components. A total number of 1859 data points of 41 pure ILs and IL mixtures based on imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, phosphonium, and ammonium cations were used to verify the model. For pure ILs and IL mixtures, the average absolute relative deviations (A RDs) are 1.04 and 1.19%, resp. The overall discrepancies are less than 4%. Keywords: ionic liquid density prediction average free volume model Substances (53) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 46 85 Combined graphene balls and metal particles for an anode of an alkali metal battery By: Zhamu, Aruna; Chang, Hao-Hsun; Jang, Bor Z. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2021108558 A1 2021-06-03 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An anode for a lithium battery and sodium battery consists of multiple porous graphene balls and multiple particles or coating of a lithium-attracting metal and sodium-attracting metal at a graphene ball- to-metal volume ratio from 5/95-95/5. The porous graphene ball consists of graphene sheets forming into the ball with a diameter from 100 nm-20m and a pore or multiple pores with a pore volume fraction from 10-99.9% based on the total graphene ball volume The particles and coating of lithium- attracting metal and sodium-attracting metal with a diameter and thickness from 1 nm- 20m, are selected from Au, Ag, Mg, Zn, Ti, K, Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, V, Cr, and alloys. Keywords: graphene ball metal particle anode alkali metal battery; lithium ion battery anode graphene ball metal particle; sodium ion battery anode graphene ball metal particle available Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 86 Combined graphene balls and metal particles for an anode of an alkali metal battery By: Zhamu, Aruna; Chang, Hao-Hsun; Jang, Bor Z. United States, US20210155484 A1 2021-05-27 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An anode for a lithium battery and sodium battery consists of multiple porous graphene balls and multiple particles or coating of a lithium-attracting metal and sodium-attracting metal at a graphene ball- to-metal volume ratio from 5/95-95/5. The porous graphene ball consists of graphene sheets forming into the ball with a diameter from 100 nm-20m and a pore or multiple pores with a pore volume fraction from 10-99.9% based on the total graphene ball volume The particles and coating of lithium- attracting metal and sodium-attracting metal with a diameter and thickness from 1 nm- 20m, are selected from Au, Ag, Mg, Zn, Ti, K, Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, V, Cr, and alloys. Keywords: graphene ball metal particle anode alkali metal battery; lithium ion battery anode graphene ball metal particle; sodium ion battery anode graphene ball metal particle available Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 47 87 Development of back-extraction recyclability of IL-ATPS for the efficient recovery of syringic and caffeic acid By: Li, Mo; Yu, Xiaojie; Zhou, Cunshan; Yagoub, Abu ElGasim A.; Sun, Yanhui; Yang, Hongpeng; Chen, Li Journal of Molecular Liquids (2021), 328, 115390 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on ionic liquid (IL) has proven to have excellent extraction perfor mance as a new extraction platform. Nevertheless, the regeneration, recovery and reuse of I L are still a big challenge. Developing a greener and more cost-effective extraction process is a daunting task. Aiming at overcoming this disadva ntage, we innovatively proposed a I L-AT PS phase diagram which was formed from [C4mim] [CF3SO3] and inorganic salts. The effects of phase-forming salt species and I L concentration on the distribution of syringic acid in I L-ATPS were investigated. The results displayed that the I L-ATPS extraction efficiencies of Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 performed best (96.66 1.01% and 95.11 0.87%, resp.) . The IL-ATPS was then used in sequential cycles to assess their efficacy on the IL reusability. The syringic acid was extracted again using the recovered I L, and the extraction efficiency was 94.11 1.06%. In addition, we tested the most prominent systems to extract caffeic acid which provided evidence for the back-extraction routes and the recyclability concept of the vast applicability of caffeic acid and the extraction effici encies were higher than 96.43 0.24%. This work can lay a good foundation for the sustai nable development of IL-ATPS. Keywords: ionic liquid two phase system; syringic acid caffeic back extraction recycla bility Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (6) 88 In the footsteps of August Michaelis: Syntheses and Thermodynamics of Extremely Low-Volatile Ionic Liquids By: Zaitsau, Dzmitry H.; Topp, Anke; Siegesmund, Antje; Paepcke, Ayla; Koeckerling, Martin; Verevkin, Sergey P. ChemistryOpen (2021), 10(2), 243-247 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE A series of nine different known ionic liquids or low melting salts was synthe sized and purified. They are composed of the [N Tf2](bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide), [OTf]- (trifluoro-methane-sulfonate), or [B(CN)4]- (tetracyanidoborate) anion and [ Ph4P]+ (tetraphenylphosphonium), [Ph3BzP]+ (triphenylbenzyl phosphonium), [nBu4P]+ (tetra-nbutylphosphonium), [nBuPh3P]+ (tri-phenylnbutylphosphonium), [nBu4N]+ (tetra-nbutylammonium), or the [PPN]+ (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) cation. Precise vapor pressure data and enthalpies of vaporisation were measured using the Quartz Crystal Microb alance (QCM) method and evaluated. Structure-property relations are established using the obtained data as well as literature known data of I Ls with alkyl-substituted imidazolium cations. It turns out that ILs with the tetracyanidoborate anion have even higher values of the enthalpy of vapori sation than those with the common [NTf2]- or [OTf]- anion and therefore are even less volatile. Keywords: tetraphenylphosphonium quartz crystal microbalance thermodn vaporization; aporisation enthalpies; ionic liquids ; structure-property relationships; thermodynamics; vapour pressure Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 48 89 Ionic liquid modification of metal-organic framework endows high selectivity for phosphoproteins adsorption By: Zhang, Yao-Yao; Xu, Wang; Cao, Jian-Fang; Shu, Yang; Wang, Jian-Hua Analytica Chimica Acta (2021), 1147, 144-154 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Zr-based metal-organic framework, UiO-66-NH2, provides favorable adsorption capacity to phosphoproteins, however, it exhibits obvious nonspecific adsorption to other proteins. In the present work, we report a facile strategy to reduce the nonspe cific adsorption of nonphosphoproteins by modifying Ui O-66-NH2 with imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs). With respect to bare Ui O-66-N H2, the modified counterpart, UiO@IL, exhibits much improved select ivity to phosphoproteins while maintains comparable adsorption performance. The surface of Ui O@IL presents a strong hydroph ilicity due to the modification of ILs. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between the absorbent and nonphosph oprotein is significantly reduced. In addition, the interaction between imidazole group of ILs moiety and phosphate group in phospho protein ensures the favorable adsorption capacity of Ui O@IL for phosphoproteins. Anionic moieties of ILs, i.e., Cl-, Br-, BF-4, CF3SO-3, play negligible effect in the adsorption process. As a representative, phosphoprotein -casein (-ca) is selectively enriched at a mass ratio of B SA:-ca = 100:1. UiO@IL was further applied for the selective enrichment of phosphoprotein in milk. Keywords: phosphoprotein adsorption metal organic framework ionic liquid ; Enrichment; Imidazolium ionic liquids ; Metalorganic framework; Phosphoprotein; Selectivity Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 90 Understanding Structural and Transport Properties of Dissolved Li2S8 in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes through Molecular Dynamics Simulations By: Hu, Tianyuan; Wang, Yanlei; Huo, Feng ; He, Hongyan; Zhang, Suojiang ChemPhysChem (2021), 22(4), 419-429 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Lithium-sulfur batteries with high energy d. are considered as one of the most promising future energy storage devices. However, the parasitic lithium polysulfides shuttle phenomenon severely hinders the commercia lization of such batteries. Ionic liquids were found to suppress the lithium polysulfides solubility, diminishing the shuttle effect effect ively. Herein, we performed classical mol. dynamics simulations to explore the microscopic mechanism and transport behaviors of typical Li2S8 species in ionic liquids and ionic liquid -based electrolyte systems. We found that the trifluoro methanesulfonate anions ([OTf]-) exhibit higher coordination strength with lithium ions compared with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions ([TFSI]-) in static microstr uctures. However, the dynamical characteristics indicate that the presence of the [OTf]- anions in ionic liquid electrolytes bring faster Li+ exchange rate and easier dissociation of Li+ solvation structures. Our simulation models offer a signif icant guidance to future studies on designing ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries. Keywords: transport property dissolved lithium sulfide; ionic liquid electrolyte mol dynamic simulation; ionic liquids ; lithium polysulfides; lithium-sulfur batteries; molecular dynamics; transport behaviors Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (9) SciFinder Page 49 91 Process of rhodium recovery by electrochemical means By: Billy, Emmanuel; Andrez, Julie France, FR3099492 A1 2021-02-05 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Proceeded to recover Rh starting from a part in which it is contained, including the following successive stages: (a) supply of a system electrochem. including a pos. electrode and a neg. electrode and connected to a device allowing to control the potential or the current with the one of the two electrodes pos. and neg., the pos. electrode being a part elec. conducting containing Rh or an alloy of Rh, (b) immersion of the electrochem. system in an ionic liquid solution including a mixture of 1st liquid ionic and 2nd liquid ionic , (c) application of a tension or a current to the one of the two electrodes pos. and neg., so as to simultan eously: electro-to dissolve the Rh or Rh alloy of the pos. electrode of the 1st electrode, in the ionic liquid solution, - electro-to deposit the Rh dissolved in the ionic liquid solution on the neg. electrode. Keywords: rhodium recovery electrochem mean available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 92 Process of electropolishing of rhodium parts by green chemicals By: Billy, Emmanuel; Feydi, Pierre France, FR3099493 A1 2021-02-05 | Language: French, Database: CAplus A method for preparation of coatings based on Rh or Rh alloy on a conductive substrate includes the following successive steps: (a) supply of an electrochem. system including a pos. electrode and a neg. electrode connected to a potent iostat or a galvanostat, the pos. electrode including a conducting substrate covered by a coating from Rh or alloy with Rh, (b) immersion of the electrochem. system in an ionic liquid solution including a mixture of 1st liquid ionic and 2nd liquid ionic , (c) application of a potential or a current to the one of the two electrodes pos. and neg., so as to simultaneously: - electrod issolve the coating from the pos. electrode, in consideration of which the surface of the substrate covered by the coating is incovered, and to electro polish the surface of the substrate discovered during electrodissolution Keywords: electropolishing rhodium alloy part chem available Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 50 93 Prototropic behavior of norharmane within ionic liquids By: Bhawna; Dhingra, Divya; Pandey, Ashish; Pandey, Siddharth Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry (2021), 406, 112991 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids are established as alternate solvents for several traditional organic solvents as well as aqueous- based media in many areas of chem. Proton transfer reactions exhibit a high dependency on the nature of the solubilizing media. In the present study, using a representative prototropic probe norharmane (-carboline) and nine different ionic liquids , we have demonstrated that the relative presence of the various prototropic forms of the probe in an ionic liquid is controlled by a delicate balance of the acidity of the cation and the Lewis basicity of the anion of the ionic liquid UV-vis mol. absorbance is used to obtain inform ation on ground-state prototropism whereas steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence are used to investigate prototropic forms in the excited-state. Ionic liquids are demonstrated to act as designer solvents in regulating protot ropic behavior. Keywords: prototropic behavior norharmane ionic liquid Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 94 Mixed micelles of sodium perfluorooctanoate and imidazolium based ionic liquids in aqueous solution: A SANS and Tensiometric study By: Padsala, Shailesh; Patel, Vijay I.; Ray, Debes; Aswal, Vinod K.; Bahadur, Pratap Journal of Molecular Liquids (2021), 322, 114558 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Micellization and microstructure of mixed micelles from mixtures of an anionic fluoro carbon surfactant sodium perfluoro octanoate (NaPFO) and cationic alkylmethyl-imidazolium based non-amphiphilic and amphiphilic ionic liquids (ILs) with different alkyl chain length (C4, C6, C8, C10 and C12) and anions viz. chloride (Cl-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), hexaflurophosphate (PF6-), octylsulfate (C8S O4-) and trifluoromethane-sulfonate (CF3SO3-) were examined extensively by surface tension and small- angle neutron scattering (S ANS) measurements. Low critical micelle concent ration (CMC) and large neg. value of intera ction parameter () showed synergism in all the mixed systems and it depends on the mol. characteristics of ILs. Thermodn. parameters for mixed monolayers and mixed micelles were evaluated and discussed. Micellar growth, shape changes and micelle to vesicle transitions obtained from these oppositely charged mixed systems depend on the surface activity of ILs (alkyl chain and counter ions). Influence of ILs which differ in counter ions with similar chain length and similar counter ions with different chain lengths on aggregation patterns of NaPFO micelles have been examined using SANS. The data for size, shape and aggregation number for aggregates formed by these mixed systems evaluated from the fitted SANS data are reported and discussed in terms of their distinct intera ction with NaPFO micelles. The present study is a significant addition to existing knowledge on ionic liquid induced morphol. changes of sodium perfluoro octanoate micelles. Keywords: sodium perfluorooctanoate imidazolium ionic liquid solution SANS tensiometric micelle Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (7) SciFinder Page 51 95 Confined Ru-catalysts in a Two-phase Heptane/ Ionic Liquid Solution: Modeling Aspects By: Kobayashi, Takeshi; Kraus, Hamzeh; Hansen, Niels; Fyta, Maria ChemCatChem (2021), 13(2), 739-746 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A modeling approach for at.-resolution studies of sup- ported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalytic systems in silica mesoporous confinement with surface hydroxyl and functional groups is proposed. First, a force field for the Ru- based catalyst is developed. Second, its solvation behavior within a bulk two-phase system of heptane and an IL is studied. Third, static and dynamic properties of the confined system are investigated. Using classical mol. dynamics simula tions, exptl. inaccessible properties can thus be studied that are important for an optimization of a S ILP system for performing a ring- closing metathesis reaction. Keywords: ruthenium heptane ionic liquid solution mol dynamics simulation Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 96 Halogen bonding effect on electrochemical anion oxidation in ionic liquids By: Alvarez, Marie Stacey; Houze, Cedric; Groni, Sihem; Schollhorn, Bernd; Fave, Claire Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2021), 19(35), 7587-7593 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Three Ionic liquids (ILs) based on an imidazolium core were compared and used as solvents for the oxidation of various anions. Electrochem. experiments as well as NMR titrations and x- ray diffraction analyses unambiguously confirm the crucial role of noncov alent halogen bonding on the oxidation potentials and conseq uently the electrochem. window of the resp. I Ls. Keywords: halogen bonding electrochem anion oxidation ionic liquid Substances (19) Reactions (8) Citing (3) 97 Computational Screening of the Physical Properties of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes** By: Mendez-Morales, Trinidad; Li, Zhujie ; Salanne, Mathieu Batteries & Supercaps (2021), 4(4), 646-652 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Water-in-salts form a new family of electr olytes with properties distinct from the ones of conven tional aqueous systems and ionic liquids They are currently invest igated for Li-ion batteries and supercap acitors applications, but to date most of the focus was put on the system based on the LiTFSI salt. Here we study the structure and the dynamics of a series of water- in-salts with different anions. They have a similar parent structure but they vary systematically through their sym./asym. feature and the length of the fluorocarbonated chains. The simulations allow to determine their tendency to nanoseg regate, as well as their transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficients) and the amount of free water, providing useful data for potential applic ations in energy storage devices. Keywords: water salt electrolyte computational screening phys property Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (14) SciFinder Page 52 98 Method for preparing porous biochar by low temperature pyrolysis of waste biomass modified by ionic liquids and its application in the adsorption of carbon dioxide By: Yang, Fan; Zuo, Xiuping; Zhao, Ling; Cao, Xinde; Huang, Yuandong; Ke, Qiang China, CN112058231 A 2020-12-11 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The patent discloses the method for preparing porous biochar by low temperature pyrolysis of waste biomass modified by ionic liquids and its application in the adsorption of carbon dioxide, which have the advantages of good adsorption effect for carbon dioxide, simple preparation method and low cost. The method for preparing porous biochar by low temper ature pyrolysis of waste biomass modified by ionic liquids comprises the following steps: reactant mixing, co- pyrolysis, extraction, filtration, rotary evapor ation recycling and freeze-drying. Keywords: ionic liquid waste biomass pyrolysis preparation porous biochar preparation available Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 99 Ion gel/conductive polymer electromagnetic-shielding material and preparation method By: Nie, Jun; Sun, Jingxian China, CN112029221 A 2020-12-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title electromagnetic-shielding material is characterized that the ionic liquid is fixed in the polymer matrix to obtain an ion gel, and the elec.-conductive polymer is mixed with the ion gel to obtain composite material with good electrom agnetic shielding effect. Keywords: ion gel conductive polymer electromagnetic shielding material available Substances (26) Reactions (2) Citing (0) 100 Ionic gel/magnetic material electromagnetic-shielding material and preparation method By: Nie, Jun; Sun, Jingxian China, CN111978457 A 2020-11-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The ionic liquid is fixed in the matrix to obtain an ionic gel, and the ionic gel is mixed with magnetic material to obtain a composite material with good electromagnetic shielding effect; wherein the ionic gel is obtained by mixing the ionic liquid with polymer solid matrix or by self-polymerizing the ionic liquid Keywords: ionic gel electromagnetic shielding material available Substances (20) Reactions (2) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 53 101 How to detect possible pitfalls in ePC-SAFT modelling: Extension to ionic liquids By: Sun, Yunhao; Zuo, Zhida; Laaksonen, Aatto; Lu, Xiaohua; Ji, Xiaoyan Fluid Phase Equilibria (2020), 519, 112641 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An ion-specific electrolyte perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (ePC-SAFT) has been developed to describe the thermodn. and transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) for developing I L-based technologies to sep. C O2 from gas mixtures However, as it has been pointed out previously, SAFT-based models can lead to a pitfall, manife sting as an addnl. fictitious liquid liquid critical line connected to an addnl. mech. stable critical point when modeling pure substa nces. In this work, a method for detecting a pitfall in ILs was developed, where an expression with ionic term for calcul ating the critical point with ePC-SAFT was derived and an algorithm for detecting the addnl. fictitious phase equilibrium for ILs was proposed. The pitfall occurrence for an extended set ILs taken from our previous work was investigated. It shows that a pitfall occurs only for one single I L among all 96 ILs in the temperature and pressure range of interest. For [ C8mpy][BF4], at 290.27-291.78 K, a pitfall may occur at the pressures of interest; at 273.15-290.20 K, it may occur at any given pressure. The ion- specific ePC-SAFT parameters for [ C8mpy]+ may therefore need to be modified in the future when more reliable exptl. results are available for parameter fitting. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolyte perturbed chain statistical associating fluid theory Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (11) 102 Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol-free biodiesel from rapeseed oil and dimethyl carbonate By: Miao, Changlin; Wang, Zhongming; Yang, Lingmei; Li, Huiwen; Lv, Pengmei; Zhuang, Xinshu; Yuan, Zhenhong; Luo, Wen Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy (2020), 14(4), 537-543 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The enzymic production of glycerol-free biodiesel by the transester ification of rapeseed oil was studied using lipase as catalyst. A series of co-solvents were employed in an attempt to improve reaction kinetics. The effects of the reaction conditions (molar ratio of di-Me carbonate (DMC) and rapeseed oil, type of lipases, amount of lipases, solvent effects, reaction temper ature and time) on the conversion and yield of biodiesel and glycerol carbonate (GC) were investigated. The optimal conditions for biodiesel and G C were 20% Novozym 435, 3:1 molar ratio of DMC to rapeseed oil, and with 20% [Omim] [BF6] as solvent. Under these condit ions, the conversions of 88.51% biodiesel and 73.87% G C have been achieved after 48 h. The biodiesel and G C conversions were eight times higher compared to the conventional solvent-free system, resp. There was no obvious loss in the biodiesel and G C yield after Novozym 435 having been used for five recycling. Keywords: rapeseed oil lipase dimethyl carbonate biodiesel catalyst reaction kinetics Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 54 103 Designing silica xerogels containing RTIL for CO2 capture and CO2/CH4 separation: Influence of ILs anion, cation and cation side alkyl chain length and ramification By: dos Santos, Leonardo M.; Bernard, Franciele L.; Polesso, Barbara B.; Pinto, Ingrid S.; Frankenberg, Claudio C.; Corvo, Marta C.; Almeida, Pedro L.; Cabrita, Eurico; Einloft, Sandra Journal of Environmental Management (2020), 268, 110340 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE CO2 separation from natural gas is considered to be a crucial strategy to mitigate global warming problems, meet product specifi cation, pipeline specs and other applic ation specific requirements. Silica xerogels (S X) are considered to be potential materials for CO2 capture due to their high sp. surface area. Thus, a series of silica xerogels functio nalized with imidazolium, phosphonium, ammonium and pyridinium-based room - temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs ) were synthesized. The synthesized silica xerogels were characterized by N MR, helium pycnometry, DTA-TG, BET, SEM and T EM. CO2 sorption, reusability and CO2/CH4 selectivity were assessed by the pressure-decay technique. Silica xerogels containing I L demonstrated advantages compared to RTILs used as separation solvents in CO2 capture processes including higher CO2 sorption capacity and faster sorption/d esorption. Using fluori nated anion for functiona lization of silica xerogels leads to a higher affinity for CO2 over CH4. The best performance was obtained by SX- [bmim] [TF2N] (223.4 mg C O2/g mg/g at 298.15 K and 20 bar) . Moreover, SX- [bmim] [TF2N] showed higher CO2 sorption capacity as compared to other reported sorbents. CO2 sorption and CO2/CH4 selectivity results were submitted to an anal. of variance and the means compared using Tukey's test (5%). Keywords: silica xerogel carbon dioxide methane separation imidazolium ramification; CO(2) separation; Ionic liquids ; Natural gas; Silica xerogels Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (9) 104 Protic ionic liquids immobilized in phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole matrix enable polymer electrolyte fuel cell operation at 200C By: Skorikova, G.; Rauber, D. ; Aili, D.; Martin, S. ; Li, Q.; Henkensmeier, D. ; Hempelmann, R. Journal of Membrane Science (2020), 608, 118188 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on the anion bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were confined in polybenzi midazole (PBI) matrixes. Quasi-solidified ionic liquid membranes (QSILMs) were fabricated and examined for mech. and thermal stability. After doping in phosphoric acid (PA), the QSILMs exhibited conductivities of 30-60 mS cm-1 at 180 degree C. Fluore scence microscopy was used to investigate the structure of the composite P BI membranes. Membrane-electrode assemblies, fabricated with PA doped QSI LMs, were tested in a single fuel cell and exhibited a perfor mance increase with increasing temper ature up to 200 degree C. The best performance was obtained for the membrane electrode assembly containing 50 mol% of diethyl- methyl-ammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide confined in the phosphoric acid doped P BI matrix with closed porosity. It reached 0.32 W cm- 2 at 200 degree C and 900 mA cm-2 . The catalyst layer of the gas diffusion electrode impreg nated with protic ionic liquid exhibited better long-term stability than the gas diffusion electrode impreg nated with phosphoric acid within 100 h of operation at 200 degree C and anhydrous conditions. Keywords: polybenzimidazole matrix phosphoric acid doping polymer electr olyte fuel cell Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (33) SciFinder Page 55 105 Screening of ionic liquids for the extraction of biologically active compounds using emulsion liquid membrane: COSMO-RS prediction and experiments By: Khan, Huma Warsi; Reddy, Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar; Nasef, Mohamed Mahmoud Elsayed; Bustam, Mohamad Azmi; Goto, Masahiro; Moniruzzaman, Muhammad Journal of Molecular Liquids (2020), 309, 113122 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is an effective way to recover and remove biol. active compounds, partic ularly drug mols. from hospital wastewater. Ionic liquid (IL)-assisted ELMs have recently been found to be efficient for recovery and removal of biol. active compounds owing to their excellent characteristics. However, the selection of potential ILs from the wide range of anion- cation combinations is quite challenging. To address this issue, the conductor- like screening model for real solvents (C OSMO-RS) has emerged as a reliable tool to screen solvents based on a variety of fluid mixture properties. In this study, we screened I Ls for the extraction of lactic acid as a model drug using COSMO-RS. Six cations and 20 anions were selected and combined to form 120 I Ls, which were then assessed for recovery of lactic acid. The activity coefficient at infinite dilution, capacity, selectivity, performance index, and solvation energy values for all of the combinations were predicted, by which the effecti veness of each I L was evaluated. I Ls without aromatic rings showed greater effici encies than ILs containing aromatic rings. Moreover, the sulfate anion- cation combin ations showed the highest capacities and selecti vities. Overall, tetramethylammonium sulfate was found to be the best extractant for lactic acid. The COSMO-RS predictions were validated with exptl. data, and the results showed a maximum difference of 8.0 between the predicted and exptl. values. Keywords: emulsion membrane ionic liquid bioactive compound extraction Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (28) 106 Ion thermoelectric material comprising ionic polymer and metal salt for electronic device, and ion thermoelectric element using same By: Kim, Eun Gyeong; Kim, Byeong Gwan; Na, Jong Beom Korea, Republic of, KR2020071001 A 2020-06-18 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus An ion thermoelec. material having excellent thermo elec. performance index, ionic conductivity, low thermal conductivity, longterm stability, and flexib ility is provided. The ion thermo elec. material comprises: an ionic polymer; an ion addition material selected from acid, bases, metal salt and ionic liquid materials; and a solvent. The ion thermo elec. element comprises: first and second electrodes; and the ion thermo elec. material. Keywords: ionic polymer metal salt ion thermoelec material element available Substances (66) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 107 Antistatic polymer blend By: Hwang, Jin Taek Korea, Republic of, KR2020069104 A 2020-06-16 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Page 56 The blend comprises (A) an olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer having a 6- 20% of the unsaturated cabroxylic acid neutra lized with an alkali metal ion or a divalent alk. earth metal, (B) an ethylen ically unsaturated monomer-based copolymer having an ester group, (C) an acid anhydride-containing polyolefin, (D) an alkali metal or an alk. earth metal salt, (E) polyhy droxy compound having 2 hydroxy group, and (F) ionic liquid showing an ionic conductivity by ionic dissociation Keywords: antistatic polymer blend available Substances (37) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 108 Method for preparation and in-situ separation of oligomeric ricinoleic acid ester By: Ye, Feng; He, Liangnian; You, Fei; Li, Hongru; Wang, Qingrui; Gao, Song; He, Xing; Cui, Xiaoying China, CN111269116 A 2020-06-12 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title method includes the steps of adopting ricinoleic acid as raw material and protonic acid type ionic liquid (N-methylpyrr olidonium bisulfate, etc.) as catalyst, performing dehydr ation esterification reaction between ricinoleic acid mols., contin uously distilling out generated water under reduced pressure, to obtain oligomeric ricinoleic acid ester with polymerization degree of 2-10, and water-washing or standing for layering to recover the catalyst according to the characte ristics of the catalyst. Keywords: oligomeric ricinoleic acid ester preparation separation available Substances (16) Reactions (7) Citing (1) SciFinder 109 Process to the electrochemical treatment of molybdenum basis alloys By: Platz, Albin; Feiling, Nicole; Schekulin, Ulrich; Schekulin, Bettina Germany, DE102018219196 A1 2020-05-14 | Language: German, Database: CAplus Page 57 The present invention concerns a process to electrochem. working on components from Mo basis alloys, with which the component which can be worked on as an anode and a metallically leading tools as cathode and they can be switched and with an electr olyte between anode and cathode and an elec. potential was applied between anode and cathode, so that an elec. current could flow, which clears away the Mo basis alloy of the component, whereby as electrolyte an organic or inorganic conducting salt in an organic system were used, and whereby the organic system contains at least one component from the group, the alcs., dialcs., trialcs., polyalcs., glycolether, carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, dicarb oxylic acid derivatives, ketocarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, hydroxy dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy tricarb oxylic acids, dihydroxydicarboxylic acid, amides, aminoalcs. and ionic liquids Keywords: electrochem treatment molybdenum basis alloy available Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 58 110 Semi-solid electrolyte comprising ionic liquid for supercapacitor, and manufacturing method using the same By: Lee, Jeong Hyeon; Yoo, Jeong Jun; Yoon, Ha Na; Yeo, Jeong Gu Korea, Republic of, KR2020044281 A 2020-04-29 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus A supercapacitor semi-solid electrolyte capable of preventing the leakage of electr olyte, reducing the interface resistance in the capacitor cell, and having low viscosity and wide voltage window is provided. The semi-solid electrolyte comprises at least one compound and an ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of compounds repres ented by following formula 1 and 2; (In the formula, n is an integer from 1 to 35, m is an integer from 2 to 5, R1 is straight or branched C1-C10 alkyl, straight or branched C1C10 alkoxy, straight or branched C1- C10 aminoalkyl, straight or branched, substi tuted or unsubstituted with oxygen, carbonyl or halogen element C2-C10 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C6-C30 aryl or C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl, R2 is nitrogen or oxygen, R3 is amino (N H2) or hydroxy (OH), carboxyl (COOH) or amide (CONH), R4 and R5 are each indepen dently hydrogen or straight or branched C1- C5 alkyl). The manufacturing method of semi-solid electrolyte comprises the following steps: (1) crosslinking polymerization of a mixture of repeating unit represented by the following chem. formula 3, a diphthalic anhydride monomer repres ented by the following chem. formula 4 and a solvent for crosslinking polymerization; (2) injecting an ionic liquid and an ion injection solvent into the crosslinked polymerized mixture; and (3) removing the solvent for crossl inking polymerization and the solvent for ion implantation. Keywords: hydrogen sulfate supercapacitor semi solid electr olyte available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 111 Improved organic electrode material using nonconjugated polymer and ionic liquid By: Wild, Andreas; Bakumov, Vadym; Korell, Michael World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2020002032 A1 2020-01-02 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a novel electrode material which features improved capacity compared to conventional electrode materials. This electrode material comprises an organic redox polymer nonconjugated in the main chain, a conduc tivity additive and an ionic liquid The present invention also relates to a process for producing an electrode from this novel electrode material and to the electrode obtainable by the process. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolyte secondary battery electrode redox nonconj ugated polymer available Substances (47) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 59 112 High-throughput toxicity screening of novel azepanium and 3-methylpiperidinium ionic liquids By: Tether, Angela L.; Laverty, Garry; Puga, Alberto V.; Seddon, Kenneth R.; Gilmore, Brendan F.; Kelly, Stephen A. RSC Advances (2020), 10(39), 22864-22870 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Ionic liquids (ILs) have been employed as potentially environmentally friendly replacements for harmful organic solvents, but have also been studied for their use in bioelectrochem. applications, such as in microbial electr ochem. for bioenergy production, or in industrial biocatalysis. For these processes, low microbial toxicity is important and there is a growing need for microbial toxicol. studies for novel ILs. In this study, we report initial toxicity data for novel I Ls, based on azepanium and 3-methylpiperidinium cations. Agar disk diffusion assays are used, along with min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) and min. bacter icidal concentration (MB C) determinations, to obtain rapid and inexpe nsive initial toxicity data for these novel I Ls against Escherichia coli and Staphyl ococcus epidermidis. Many of the novel ILs characterised possess low microbial toxicity relative to well- studied ILs, highlighting their potential for further study in applications where this is a desirable property. Keywords: azepanium 3 methylpiperidinium ionic liquid toxicity screening Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (9) 113 Tuning water networks via ionic liquid /water mixtures By: Verma, Archana; Stoppelman, John P.; McDaniel, Jesse G. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2020), 21(2), 403 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Water in nanoconfinement is ubiquitous in biol. systems and membrane materials, with altered properties that signifi cantly influence the surrounding system. In this work, we show how ionic liquid (IL)/water mixtures can be tuned to create water enviro nments that resemble nanoco nfined systems. We utilize mol. dynamics simula tions employing ab initio force fields to extensively characterize the water structure within five different I L/water mixtures: [BMIM+][BF4-], [BMIM+][PF6-], [BMIM+][OTf-], [BMIM+][NO3-] and [BMIM+][TFSI-] ILs at varying water fraction. We charac terize water clustering, hydrogen bonding, water orientation, pairwise correlation functions and percol ation networks as a function of water content and I L type. The nature of the water nanostructure is significantly tuned by changing the hydroph obicity of the IL and sensitively depends on water content. In hydrop hobic ILs such as [B MIM+][PF6-], significant water clustering leads to dynamic formation of water pockets that can appear similar to those formed within reverse micelles. Furthermore, rotational relaxation times of water mols. in supersa turated hydrophobic IL/water mixtures indicate the close-connection with nanoconfined systems, as they are quant. similar to water relaxation in previously charact erized lyotropic liquid crystals. We expect that this phys. insight will lead to better design principles for incorpo ration of ILs into membrane materials to tune water nanostructure. Keywords: ionic liquid water mixture tuning network; ab initio force fields; ionic liquids ; molecular dynamics; nanoconf inement; percolation network; water mixtures Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (21) SciFinder Page 60 114 COSMO-RS based prediction for alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) extraction from microalgae biomass using room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs ) By: Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei; Harun, Razif; Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang; Hussain, Siti Aslina ; Omar, Rozita ; Elgharbawy, Amal A. Marine Drugs (2020), 18(2), 108 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE One of the essential fatty acids with therapeutic impacts on human health is known to be omega- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUF A). More lately, ionic liquids (ILs) have received significant attention among scientists in overcoming the disadva ntages of tradit ional solvents in biomass lipid extraction However, the large pool of cations and anions possibly accessible will lead to a growing number of innovatively synthesized ILs. Nevertheless, the exhaustive measurement of all these systems is econom ically impractical. The conductive screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) is considered a precious approach with the availa bility of a few models to predict the characteristics of ILs. This work introduces the estimate of capacity values at infinite dilution for a range of I Ls using COSMO-RS software as part of solid- liquid extraction This favorable outcome presented that the capacity values of the I L mols. are extremely dependent on both anions and cations. Among the 352 combinations of cation/anion tested, short alkyl chain cations coupled with inorganic anions were found to be most efficient and therefore superior in the extraction method. Sulfate-, chloride-, and bromide-based ILs were found to have higher extraction capacities in contrast with the remain ders, while propanoate revealed an extraordinary capacity when combined with ethyl-based cations. Eventually, the predicted results from COSMO-RS were validated through the exptl. calculated extraction yield of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) compound from Nannochl oropsis sp. microalgae. Three selected I Ls namely [EMIM][Cl], [TMAm][Cl], and [EMPyrro][Br] were selected from C OSMO-RS for empirical extraction purpose and the validation results pinpointed the good prediction capability of COSMO-RS. Keywords: alphalinolenic acid ionic liquid microalgae biomass temper ature COSMO RS; ALA extraction; COSMO-RS; Omega-3 PUF As; capacity at infinite dilution; ionic liquids ; solid- liquid extraction; tetramethyl ammonium Substances (52) Reactions (0) Citing (11) 115 Monolithic Column Ion-Pair Chromatography with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection for the Determination of Three Acid Radical Anions Containing Fluorine in Ionic Liquids By: Liu, Sheng; Jin, Xinxin; Ma, Yajie; Li, Hongxing; Yu, Hong Analytical Letters (2020), 53(1), 21-30 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A rapid ion-pair chromatog. method was developed on a monolithic column for the determi nation of trifluoroacetate, trifluoro methanesulfonate, and tetrafluoroborate. The three anions were succes sfully detected using indirect UV detection. These analyte anions were separated using a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide - p- toluenesulfonic acid - aceton itrile mobile phase on a silica-based monolithic column with an octadecyl functional group. The effects of detection wavelength, mobile phase, column temper ature and flow rate on the retention of the anions were investigated. The chromatog. conditions were optimized and the retention properties were evaluated. Under the selected optimal conditions, the successful separation of the anions was achieved within 3.5 min. The detection limits were less than 1.0 mg/L for trifluoroacetate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, and tetrafluoroborate. The relative standard deviations for five repeated measurement of retention time and peak area were no more than 0.2%. The linear ranges extended across two orders of magnitude. The three anions in synthetic ionic liquid samples were successfully separated and detected by this method. The results show that the recoveries of this method were between 94.0% and 99.0%. The method was rapid, simple, and easy to use. Keywords: ion pair chromatog UV detection acid radical anion fluorine Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 61 116 Improved organic electrode material using nonconjugated polymer and ionic liquid By: Wild, Andreas; Bakumov, Vadym; Korell, Michael European Patent Organization, EP3588634 A1 2020-01-01 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a novel electrode material which features improved capacity compared to conventional electrode materials. This electrode material comprises an organic redox polymer non-conjugated in the main chain, a conduc tivity additive and an ionic liquid The present invention also relates to a process for producing an electrode from this novel electrode material and to the electrode obtainable by the process. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolyte secondary battery electrode redox nonconj ugated polymer available Substances (47) Reaction (1) Citing (0) 117 Molecular mechanism of anion size regulating the nanostructure and charging process at ionic liquid electrode interfaces By: Wang, Yanlei; Qian, Cheng; Huo, Feng; Qin, Jingyu; He, Hongyan Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability (2020), 8(38), 19908-19916 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Understanding the ionic liquid (IL)-electrode interface is imperative for the applic ations of supercapacitors or other electr ochem. systems. Here, the elec. double layer transition and charging process of the ILs-based supercapacitor were explored by performing mol. dynamics simulations with the constant elec. potential method. The structure transition is first illumi nated by the anal. of number d., ionic orientation, electrode charge distribution and ion displac ement, showing the formation process of the elec. double layer. Meanwhile, the co-existing cation and anion in the interf acial region cause the electrode to possess a non- Gaussian charge distribution and the ionic displacement demonstrates that both the interfacial layer and the bulk liquid contribute to the total energy storage, which is a common feature of the ILs system, contrary to the conven tional viewpoint. Furthermore, the interf acial layer thickness, charging time and average differ ential capacitance (at high voltage) all increase with the anion size (in the order of BF4- PF6- OTf- TFSI- with the same cation of Bmim+), indicating that the larger anion can restrain the ionic movements and enhance the capacitance. The identified correl ation between the charging mechanism and anion charact eristic would be helpful for the mol. design of the ILs-electrode interface in the supercapacitors or other key chem. engine ering applica tions. Keywords: tetrafluoroborate anion ionic liquid electrode nanostructure charging Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (20) SciFinder Page 62 118 Separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of common fluorine-containing anions by ionic liquids in reversed-phase chromatography By: Guo, Yuan; Yin, Zhen-jie; Sun, Yi-meng; Yu, Hong Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies (2020), 43(15-16), 597-603 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Analytical Methods available A new approach for the simultaneous separation and indirect UV detection of four common fluorine-containing anions using 1hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a mobile phase additive in reversed- phase chromatog. was developed. The principle of separation and detection is that fluorine-containing anions and imidazolium cations form ion- pairs with UV absorption. Under the optimal determining conditions, the limits of detection for tetrafluo roborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoroacetate, and trifluor omethane sulfonate were 0.6, 0.6, 1.5, and 3.1mol/L, resp. The approach has been succes sfully applied to the determination of these anions in ionic liquid samples, and the spiked recovery was between 98.5 and 102.6%. The detection limit, linearity, reproducibility, and accuracy of the approach are suitable for quant. anal. The method is simple and easy to popularize because of the use of a common C18 reversed-phase column and UV detector. Keywords: fluorine ionic liquid reversed phase chromatog Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 119 Application of general toxic effects of ionic liquids to predict toxicities of ionic liquids to Spodoptera frugiperda 9, Eisenia fetida, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio By: Cho, Chul-Woong; Yun, Yeoung-Sang Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2019), 255(Part_1), 113185 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Modeling for the toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is necessary to fill data gaps for untested chems. and to understand the relevant mechanisms at the mol. level. In order for many researchers to easily predict toxicity and/or develop some prediction model, simple method(s) based on a single parameter should be proposed. Therefore, previously our group developed a compreh ensive toxicity prediction model with unified linear free-energy relationship descriptors to address the single parameter for predicting the toxici ties, as follows (Cho et al., 2016b). Log 1/toxicity in the unit of m M = (2.254 E c - 2.545 S Ec + 0.646 A Ec - 1.471 B Ec + 1.650 VEc + 2.917 J+ - 0.201 Ea + 0.418 Va + 0.131 J -) - 0.709. It is considered that the model can calculate the general toxicol. effect of I Ls in parenthesis, as it was developed on the basis of numerous toxic effects i.e., 58 toxicity testing methods and about 1600 data points. In order to check the hypothesis, the values calculated by the model were correlated with four different datasets from insect cell line (Spodoptera frugiperda 9), earthworm (Eisenia fetida), nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), and fish (Danio rerio) . The results clearly showed that the calculated values are in good agreement with each dataset. In the case of S. frugiperda 9 cells, the calculated parameters were correlated with log1/LC50 values, measured after 24 h and 48 h incuba tion, in R2 of 0.67 and 0.88, resp. The R 2 values for the earthworm, nematode, and fish were 0.88, 0.96, and 0.94-0.95, resp. This study confirmed that the compreh ensive model can be simply and accurately used to predict toxicity of ILs. Keywords: Spodoptera Eisenia Caenorhabditis Danio ionic liquid toxicity; Fish; Ionic compounds; Ionic liquids ; LFER; QSAR; Toxicity Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (13) SciFinder 120 Nanofiber web capacitive sensor By: Kim, Hong Du; Kim, Gap Jin; Reza, Mohammad Shamim Korea, Republic of, KR2042856 B1 2019-11-11 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Page 63 The sensor comprises (A) a sandwich structure containing a lower electrode, a nanofiber web containing a void formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the nano fiber web and (B) an elec. insulating layer capsulating the sandwich structure formed on the exterior of the sandwich structure. Keywords: nanofiber web capacitive sensor available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 121 Computer-aided design of ionic liquids for hybrid process schemes By: Chen, Yuqiu; Koumaditi, Evangelia; Gani, Rafiqul; Kontogeorgis, Georgios M.; Woodley, John M. Computers & Chemical Engineering (2019), 130, 106556 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Hybrid process schemes that combine two (or more) units operating at their highest process efficiencies to perform one (or more) process tasks are considered as potentially innovative and sustainable processing options. Addnl., Ionic liquids (ILs), as well as certain organic chems., are good candidates for use as solvents in hybrid schemes that can replace energy-intensive processing steps. As successful design of solvent-based hybrid schemes depends on the specific properties of the solvent used, a computeraided ionic liquid design (CAILD) toolbox was added to an existing tool for computer-aided mol. design for solvent selectiondesign. Promising I L solvent candidates were first identified through the formul ation and solution of mixed- integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems for C AILD and were then further evaluated in the process simulation design stage, where the process variables were optimized by means of trade-off and sensitivity anal. In order to understand and develop model- based hybrid reaction systems, a dynamic model that describes the behavior of the reaction system has been developed. Based on a wide range of collected exptl. data, parameters of sub-models, used to calculate the temper ature-dependent properties of ILs, are regressed for the purpose of process simulation. Consequently, a hybrid process design method combining C AILD and process design-simulation to identify the optimal I L and its corresponding hybrid process specifi cations has been proposed. The applic ation of this design method has been illustrated through case studies including the separation of aqueous solutions using an I L-based hybrid distillation scheme and the bio- oxidation of alcs. using a hybrid reaction- separation scheme with continuous product removal. Keywords: computer aided design ionic liquid hybrid process scheme Substances (44) Reactions (0) Citing (16) SciFinder Page 64 122 Electrochemical reduction mechanism of NbF5 and NbCl5 in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate By: Endrikat, A.; Borisenko, N.; Ispas, A.; Peipmann, R.; Endres, F.; Bund, A. Electrochimica Acta (2019), 321, 134600 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The electrochem. reduction mechanism of niobium was studied in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoro methanesulfonate ([BMP][OTf]) containing niobium halides (NbCl5 and NbF5). The influence of the electr olyte composition, temper ature, and nature of the substrate were systema tically studied. In situ electrochem. techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochem. quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and rotating ring disk electrode (R RDE), were used, besides the ex situ characterization techniques SEM and vibrat ional spectroscopy. The number of transferred electrons was estimated from the half width of the cathodic peaks in the DPV measurements. Also, the product of the diffusion coefficient and the number of transferred electrons at the power of 3/2 were evaluated from R RDE measurements to be 3 10-10 m2/s. Thicker and better adherent niobium-based deposits were obtained from NbCl5 in [BMP][OTf] than from NbF5 in [BMP][OTf]. EQCM measur ements combined with DPV indicated the potential region where niobium- based deposits could be obtained as well as their stoichi ometry. Vibrational spectroscopy reveals that NbF5 and NbCl5 interact differently with [BMP][OTf]. The spectra show that in the case of NbF5 - [B MP][OTf] only niobium(V) anionic species [Nb F6A]2- and [NbF5A]- (A = [OTf]-) are formed, while in NbCl5 - [B MP][OTf] both niobium(V) and niobium(IV) anionic species are present. At low Nb Cl5 concentrations, [NbCl4A2]2- and [NbCl4A2]- were obtained, while at high NbCl5 concentration, [NbCl5A]2- and [NbCl5A]- are found. The electr ochem. niobium reduction mechanism depends on temperature and on the anionic species that are involved in the reduction process. In the case of Nb Cl5 - [B MP][OTf], at high cathodic potentials the formation of subvalent Nb-clusters (possibly Nb6Cl14) was observed Keywords: niobium pentafluoride pentachloride electrochem reduction mechanism butylmet hylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanes ulfonate media Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 123 Separation of azeotrope 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol and water by extractive distillation using ionic liquids : Vapor- liquid equilibrium measurements and interaction analysis By: Diao, Baotao; Wang, Zenghui; Yang, Hui; Zhang, Lianzheng; Xu, Dongmei; Gao, Jun; Wang, Yinglong Journal of Molecular Liquids (2019), 292, 111424 | Language: English, Database: CAplus To sep. the azeotrope 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP) and water, the extractive distil lation was applied using ionic liquids In this work, two ionic liquids , [EMIM][Ac] and [EMIM][Cl], were selected as the entrainers screened by the C OSMO-SAC model. For purpose of validating the separation effect of these two ionic liquids , the isobaric vapor- liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the mixtures (water + TFP + [EMIM][Ac] / [EMIM][Cl]) were determined at 101.3 kPa with a modified Rose-type recirculating still. By adding certain amount of entrainers, the relative volatility increased significantly. Afterwards, the NRTL model was adopted to correlate the measured exptl. data. Moreover, the surface-charge d. distribution (-profile) and the interaction energy for the above systems were calculated and explored, which can provide the theor. insight into the separation of the azeotrope by ionic liquids Keywords: tetrafluoro propanol water ionic liquid extractive distillation vapor equili brium Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (21) SciFinder 124 Glass fiber composite separator By: Lin, Meng-Chang; Pan, Chun-Jern; Tang, Meijie; Qi, Pengfei World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2019195605 A1 2019-10-10 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 65 Methods are presented for making a highly stable metal anode for aluminum-ion battery. The battery consists of composite separator for the ionic liquid electrolyte. Keywords: aluminum ion battery ionic liquid electrolyte glass fiber separator available Substances (54) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 125 How Anion Structures Can Affect the Thiophene Distribution between Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid and Hydrocarbon Phases? A Theoretical QSPR Study By: Gorji, Ali Ebrahimpoor; Sobati, Mohammad Amin Energy & Fuels (2019), 33(9), 8576-8587 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this study, the effects of different anion structures have been investigated on the thiophene distribution between ionic liquid (IL) and hydrocarbon phases in the ternary systems using quant. structure- property relationship. The role of anion structures was investigated in the presence of different cations and hydroca rbons. In this regard, three different datasets were selected from the literature containing {([CnMIM/anion]-thiophene-different hydrocarbon solvents): n = 2, 4, and 8} with 445 data points. It was found that the "E1v" descriptor of anions, belonging to the WHIM descriptor category, can take into account the effect of anion structures on the thiophene distribution for the systems containing the I L with the [C2MIM] cation and different hydrocarbons. It was found that increasing the E1v values of anion structures leads to a decrease in the thiophene distribution coefficients E1v reflects the unfilled space of the anion structure, which in turn affects the interactions of the anion and cation in the I L structure. More unfilled spaces of the anion structure lead to more powerful interaction with the cation, which in turn limit the cation intera ction with thiophene and decrease the thiophene distribution coefficient It was also found that the effect of the anion on the thiophene distri bution is decreased by increasing the length of alkyl chains in the cation from [ C2MIM] to [C4MIM] and [C8MIM]. This finding can be attributed to the higher free volumes of [C4MIM] and [C8MIM] cations in comparison with that of [ C2MIM], which allows more efficient packing of thiophene in the IL structure. Keywords: anion structure thiophene distribution imidazolium ionic liquid hydrocarbon QSPR Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (7) SciFinder Page 66 126 Supported polymerization ionic liquid catalyst, preparation method and application thereof in synthesizing cyclic carbonate By: Cheng, Weiguo; Ying, Ting; Su, Qian; Shi, Zijie; Dong, Li; Zhang, Yanqiang; Zhang, Suojiang China, CN110152731 A 2019-08-23 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a supported polymerization ionic liquid catalyst, preparation method and application thereof in synthe sizing cyclic carbonate, which has the advantages of low cost, high stability and convenient operation. The supported polymer ization ionic liquid catalyst comprises a carrier, a silane coupling agent grafted on the surface of the carrier and a polymer grafted at the tail end of the silane coupling agent; the monomer for synthesizing the polymer comprises active anions and cations. Keywords: polymerization ionic liquid catalyst preparation cyclic carbonate available Substances (37) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 127 Method for manufacturing patterned metal oxide nanorods capable of increasing power density By: Lee, Min Hyeong; Jung, Jae Min; Lee, Sang Hwa Korea, Republic of, KR2019097379 A 2019-08-21 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus A method for patterned metal oxide nanorods having high energy performance and increasing the contact area is provided. The method comprises the following steps: (1) providing a substrate, (2) coating or embedding a metal ion-containing precursor on the graphene oxide layer after forming a graphene oxide layer on the substrate, (3) selectively irradiating a laser in a desired pattern with respect to the graphene oxide layer embedded with the metal ion-containing precursor, and (4) growing nanorods of a metal oxide material using the converted metal or metal oxide nanoparticles as seeds. Keywords: patterned metal oxide available Substances (65) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 128 System and method for electrochemical separation of oxygen By: Desai, Divyaraj; Rivest, Jessica Louis Baker United States, US20190226096 A1 2019-07-25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 67 A system comprises a 1st electrode, an electrolyte membrane, and a 2nd electrode. The 1st electrode is configured to reduce O in a gas to an O carrier ion at an intermediate temperature The electrolyte membrane is configured to transport the O carrier ion, and the 2nd electrode is configured to oxidize the O carrier ion to an O mol. Oxidation of the O mol. consumes less than four electrons. Keywords: electrochem separation oxygen available Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 129 Experimental diffusion coefficients of CO2 and H2S in some ionic liquids using semi-infinite volume method By: Shokouhi, Mohammad; Sakhaeinia, Hossein; Jalili, Amir Hossein; Zoghi, Ali Taghi; Mehdizadeh, Ali Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics (2019), 133, 300-311 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The diffusivity of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was studied in five ionic liquids containing two different cations and four anions, namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (emim) based ionic liquids with bis-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide (NTf2) anion and 1ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, (eFPT) as well as 1- (2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium (hemim) based ionic liquids (ILs) with different anions, viz. hexafluoro phosphate (PF6), trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf) and bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide (NTf2). Exptl. trials were carried out at temper atures of 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K and low initial pressures by means of semi-infinite volume method. The results show that the diffusion coeffi cients of CO2 and H2S in RTILs increase with increasing temperature, but with different orders, and the diffusivity of CO2 and H2S in (emim) based I Ls is greater than that in (hemim) based ILs. In addition, the measured diffusion coefficients of CO2 and H2S have been fitted through WilkeChang empirical equation. Keywords: carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide ionic liquid diffusion coefficient Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (5) SciFinder Page 68 130 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate-based gel polymer electrolyte for application in electrochemical double-layer capacitors By: Prasadini, K. W.; Perera, K. S.; Vidanapathirana, K. P. Ionics (2019), 25(6), 2805-2811 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Electrochem. double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have received an enormous attraction for energy storage applic ations due to their unique features to meet the high demand of energy in the world. At present, there is a substantial interest on cheap and safe energy storage devices, and hence, the present investigation was carried out to fabricate an E DLC using natural graphite electrodes and an ionic liquid (IL)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). Electrolyte was prepared using the I L 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1E3MITF) with the polymer poly(vinylidenefluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene and the salt zinc trifluoro methanesulfonate (ZnTF). The electrochem. properties of the EDLC were evaluated by electr ochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) test. It was found from the C V test that the EDLC exhibits a singleelectrode specific capacitance of 7.95 Fg -1. With the GCD results, a discharge capacitance of 1.01 Fg -1 was obtained. In addition, a good cyclic stability was observed The EDLC with this novel I L-based GPE can be used for the energy applic ations with further enhancements. Keywords: ethylmethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate gel polymer electrolyte EDLC Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder 131 On the Miscibility and Immiscibility of Ionic Liquids and Water By: McDaniel, Jesse G. ; Verma, Archana Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2019), 123(25), 5343-5356 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Page 69 Although the "like-dissolves-like" rule is often invoked to explain why sodium chloride dissolves in water, hidden behind this explan ation is the delicate balance between the very large cohesive energy of the ionic crystal and large solvation energies of the ions. Room - temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid analogs of ionic crystals and, as dictated by a similar energetic balance, may either fully mix with water or be immiscible with water depending on ion type and cation/anion combination. In this work, we study three hydrophobic and three hydrop hilic ILs to examine whether a priori prediction of water miscib ility is possible based on anal. of bulk properties alone. We find that hydrophilic and hydrophobic ILs exhibit distinct signatures in their (reciprocal space) Coulomb interactions that indicate predisposition to water mixing. Hydrophilic ILs exhibit a prominent peak in their electro static interactions at 5-8 length scale, largely due to repulsion between neighb oring anion shells. When mixed with water, this peak is signifi cantly reduced in magnitude, indicating that electrostatic screening by water mols. is an important driving force for mixing. In contrast, hydrophobic ILs show no such peak, indicating no predisp osition to mixing. In addition to this anal., we compute and compare solvation free energies of the six different anions in water, ion-pairing free energies at "infin itely" dilute concent ration, and water absorption free energies in the different ILs. Analyzed within the context of empirical data, our calcul ations suggest that hydroph obicity trends of different ILs are very sensitive to precise water content at dilute condit ions. For example, we predict that bis (fluorosulfonyl)imide-based ILs exhibit anomalously large water absorption free energies at zero water content, with increasing hydrophobicity as preferential absorption sites within the I L become saturated Keywords: miscibility immiscibility ionic liquid water Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (20) SciFinder 132 Methods of forming metals using ionic liquids By: Baek, Donna L.; Fox, Robert V.; Lister, Tedd E. United States, US20190186031 A1 2019-06-20 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 70 A method of forming an elemental metal (e.g., a rare-earth element) includes forming a multico mponent solution comprising an ionic liquid , a secondary component, and a metal- containing compound The multicomponent solution is contacted with at least a 1st electrode and a 2nd electrode. A current is passed between the 1st electrode to the 2nd electrode through the multicomponent solution The metal-containing compound is reduced to deposit the elemental metal therefrom on the 1st electrode. Keywords: forming rare earth metal ionic liquid electrodeposition available Substances (48) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 133 Manufacture method of regenerated cellulose/animal keratin composite fiber by using ionic liquid By: Xie, Yueting; Shao, Changjin; Wang, Wenxin; Cao, Junyou; Song, Deshun; Xing, Shanjing; Gong, Erhai; Yang, Fengjun; Chen, Xinwei; Li, Huien China, CN109881294 A 2019-06-14 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title manufacture method comprises the steps: swelling crushed cellulose pulp and animal keratin in ionic liquid in the presence of crosslinking agent (glyoxal, glutaral dehyde, etc.) for 0.5-24 h, dissolving at 60- 120 for 12 h, debubb ling, dry-jet wet-spinning, and drying to obtain the composite fiber. Keywords: cellulose animal keratin fiber ionic liquid available Substances (22) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 134 Ionic liquid based acid gas absorbent and acid gas separation method By: Song, Ho Jun; Jung, Hong Gi; Kang, Se Hui Korea, Republic of, KR2019057586 A 2019-05-29 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Page 71 A cost-effective ionic liquid -based acid gas absorbent for reducing renewable energy is provided. The ionic liquid based acid gas absorbent comprises a 1-50 wt% of sterically hindered secondary amine, 5- 98 wt% of an ionic liquid , and water. The acid gas separation comprises: contacting an acid gas absorbent with a gas mixture, and removing the acid gas absorbed by the acid gas absorbent. Keywords: ionic liquid acid gas absorbent separation available Substances (30) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 72 135 Production of gel electrolyte composite with nonvolatile electrolyte and zwitterionic polymer scaffold to improve device property and safety By: D'Angelo, Anthony J.; Taylor, Morgan; Panzer, Matthew; Qin, Huan World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2019070513 A1 2019-04-11 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This invention discloses gel electrolyte composite made of nonvol atile electrolyte and zwitterionic polymer scaffold with good mech. integrity, high room-temperature ionic conductivity, and low risk of high flammability. A gel electr olyte composite containing a nonvolatile electrolyte and a zwitte rionic polymer scaffold in which the nonvolatile electrolyte is a non-lithium-containing ionic liquid , a sodium-containing ionic liquid , or a lithium-containing ionic liquid and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold is formed from one or more zwitterionic monomers only or both one or more zwitte rionic monomers and one or more non- zwitterionic monomers. The zwitterionic polymer scaffold contains 8 mol% or higher of zwitte rions relative to the total content of the gel electr olyte composite when the nonvol atile electrolyte is a non-lithium-containing ionic liquid , and contains 1 mol% or higher of zwitte rions relative to the total content of the gel electr olyte composite when the nonvol atile electrolyte is a sodium-containing ionic liquid or a lithium-containing ionic liquid Also disclosed are a method of preparing the above- described gel electrolyte composite and an electrochem. energy storage device containing same. Keywords: gel electrolyte nonvolatile zwitterionic polymer mech integrity ionic conductivity available Substances (31) Reactions (6) Citing (0) SciFinder 136 Chip form ultracapacitor By: Brambilla, Nicolo; Hyde, John; Andree, Wyatt; Kalabathula, Susheel M.J.; Lane, Joseph K. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2019070897 A1 2019-04-11 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 73 An energy storage- apparatus suitable for mounting on a printed circuit board, using a solder reflow process is described. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: a sealed housing body (e.g., a lower body with a lid attached thereto) including a pos. internal contact and a neg. internal contact (e.g., metallic contact pads). disposed within the body and each resp. in elec. communi cation with a pos. external contact and a neg. external contact. Each of the external contacts provide elec. communication to the exterior of the body, and may be disposed on an external surface of the body. An elec. double layer capacitor (EDLC) (also referred to herein as an ultracapacitor or supercapacitor) energy storage cell is disposed within a cavity in the body including a stack of altern ating electrode layers and elec. insulating separator layers. An electrolyte is disposed within the cavity and wets the electrode layers. A pos. lead elec. connects: a. 1st group of one of more of the electrode layers to the pos. internal contact; and a neg. lead elec. connects a 2nd group of one or more of the electrode layers to the neg. internal contact. Keywords: ultracapacitor electrode carbon nanotube ionic liquid electrolyte available Substances (64) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 137 Phosphonium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids with fluorous anions for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil By: Ullah, Z.; Bustam, M. A.; Man, Z.; Khan, A. S.; Sarwono, A.; Muhammad, N.; Farooq, M.; Shah, S. N.; Ahmad, P.; Haider, S. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (2019), 16(3), 1269-1276 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) containing the phosphonium cation and four different types of fluorous anions were synthe sized and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, elemental analyzer (C HNS) and thermogravimetric techniques. The catalytic transesterification properties of the prepared I Ls were investigated through the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). The biodiesel synthesis was performed in two- step processes. Initially, the W CO was esterified with sulfuric acid to reduce its acid value (0.7 mg KOH/g). Later the transester ification reaction was carried out with the prepared I Ls, and the process was optimized with respect to IL types, catalyst loading, methanol- oil ratios, temper ature, agitation speed and time. Tetrabutylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TBP][NTf2]) was identified as a promising catalyst with the highest yield of biodiesel up to 81% at 4.5 wt% of IL loading, 18:1 ratio of methanol:WCO, 10 h of treatment time, 60 C heating temper ature and 600 rpm of agitation speed. The obtained product of biodiesel was characterized and analyzed by different techni ques, and its physicochem. properties were further determined using the known standard methods of American Society for Testing and Materials and European standards (ASTM and EN). Keywords: hydrophobicity ionic liquid phosphonium biodiesel production waste cooking oil Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (12) SciFinder Page 74 138 A rechargeable Zn/graphite dual-ion battery with an ionic liquid -based electrolyte By: Fan, Jiaxin; Xiao, Qiangqiang; Fang, Yaobing; Li, Li; Yuan, Wenhui Ionics (2019), 25(3), 1303-1313 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This work presents a Zn/graphite dual-ion battery using natural graphite as the cathode and metallic zinc as the anode, with ionic liquid -based electrolyte. Upon charge, the Zn 2+ cations deposit on the zinc anode, and the trifluoro methanesulfonate (TfO-) anions simultaneously intercalate into the graphite cathode; upon discharge, both the ions are released back into the electr olyte. The 0.2 M Zn(TfO)2/EMImTfO ionic liquid -based electrolyte exhibits a high electr ochem. window of 2.8 V (vs. Zn 2+/Zn) as well as a high conduc tivity of 7.3 ms cm -1. The deposition/stripping of zinc on a copper working electrode is systema tically studied, which reveals that Zn2+ cations are mobile in the ionic liquid electrolyte, and zinc can be deposited and stripped in this electr olyte. The insertion/ extraction of TfO- into/from graphite is also investi gated, demonstrating a reversible process. At a current of 0.2 m A cm-2 and within the voltage of 0.8-2.8 V, the Zn/gra phite dual-ion cells exhibit a high sloping discharge plateau within 1.8- 2.4 V (corresponding to a medium voltage of about 2.0 V), a discharge capacity of 33.7 m Ah g-1, and an energy d. of 65.1 Wh kg -1; cells deliver a cyclab ility of 93.5% Coulombic efficiency for 100 cycles. The SEM image reveals that the zinc deposits are compact and dense, and uniformly distribute on anodes with an average grain size of about 200 nm, without the formation of dendrites. The use of high-safety electr olyte and low-cost electrode materials may enable this cell configu ration to be a promising candidate for future energy storage systems. Keywords: zinc graphite dual ion battery Coulombic efficiency discharge capacity Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (23) 139 Organic material purification composition and method of purifying organic materials using the same By: Lee, Myung-Ki; Moon, Hyunsoo; Lee, Jongwon; Kang, Sunwoo; Park, Yongseok United States, US20190091637 A1 2019-03-28 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An organic material purification composition, a mixed composition, and a method of purifying an organic material, the organic material purification composition including an ionic liquid in which a cation and an anion are combined; and an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent includes an alc. or a ketone. Keywords: organic material purification composition method available Substances (29) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 75 140 Low leakage electrolytic capacitor having the advantages required by the solid electrolytic capacitor and a reduced leakage current By: Chen, Ming-Tsung; Su, Chung-Jui United States, US20190096589 A1 2019-03-28 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A low leakage electrolytic capacitor includes a winding- type capacitor element, a hybrid elec. conductive medium and a package body. The winding-type capacitor element includes an anode foil, a cathode foil, and a separator interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil. The hybrid elec. conductive medium is impregnated in the winding-type capacitor element and includes an elec. conductive polymer, an auxiliary polymer, an ion liquid , and a carbon filler. The package body encloses the winding- type capacitor element and the hybrid elec. conductive medium. Keywords: low leakage electrolytic capacitor available Substances (21) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 141 Thermodynamic characterization of ionic liquids By: Lazidou, Dimitra; Mastrogeorgopoulos, Spyros; Panayiotou, Costas Journal of Molecular Liquids (2019), 277, 10-21 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A novel simple method is presented for the characterization of ionic liquids as regards their thermodn. behavior in bulk phases and interfaces. For this purpose, a simple consistent thermodn. framework has been developed which may exploit a variety of exptl. information, such as activity coefficients at infinite dilution, volumetric data over a temperatur e/pressure range, or wetting/ contact angle data over a variety of solid surfaces. This exptl. information is used in order to determine L SER (Linear Solvation Energy Relationships) type mol. descriptors and surface energies that uniquely charac terize each ionic liquid The interconnection of these descriptors with the more familiar equation- of-state scaling constants is established and explored. The emerging trends in the determined mol. descriptors and the consequences and perspectives are critically discussed. As shown by a variety of examples, the efficiency and versatility of the proposed characte rization method are rather promising. Keywords: ionic liquid thermodn behavior bulk phase interface Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (11) SciFinder Page 76 142 Preparation method of super-crosslinked porous poly( ionic liquid ) material for catalysis, gas adsorption, and wastewater treatment By: Liang, Xuezheng; Shi, Yingxia; Cheng, Yuxiao; Gu, Zhongyi; Ma, Weixin; Ji, Shaochuan China, CN109400781 A 2019-03-01 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title method comprises (1) quaternizing 2:1 molar ratio of alkenyl tertiary amine and thionyl chloride to give a rigid diene ionic liquid monomer, and introducing a suitable anion by ion exchange, followed by ionic thermal polymerization in a zinc chloride/ potassium chloride composite molten salt system to give a super- crosslinked porous poly(ionic liquid ) material; wherein the mass ratio of zinc chloride/potassium chloride in the molten salt is 100: 3-35. Keywords: supercrosslinked porous polyionic liquid material available Substances (20) Reaction (1) Citing (0) 143 Preparation method and application of super crosslinked porous polyionic liquid material By: Liang, Xuezheng; Shi, Yingxia; Cheng, Yuxiao; Gu, Zhongyi; Ouyang, Chao; Zhang, Jie China, CN109400771 A 2019-03-01 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title method comprises polymerizing the alkenyl tertiary amine with an allyl halide or a styrene benzyl halide to form a rigid diene ionic liquid monomer, introducing a suitable anion by ion exchange, followed by a zinc chloride /sodium chloride complex ion for thermal polymerization in a molten salt system to obtain a super- crosslinked porous polyionic liquid material. Keywords: crosslinked porous polyionic liquid material available Substances (21) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 77 144 Method for regenerating acidic ionic liquid in refining and fine chemicals By: Tang, Xiaodong; Li, Jingjing; Qing, Dayong; Zhang, Xiaopu; Wang, Zhiyu; Leng, Manxi; Zhang, Hongyu; Wang, Chun; Yang, Liu; Zhang, Shufeng China, CN109382142 A 2019-02-26 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to an acidic ionic liquid regeneration method which includes: (1) pretre ating the waste ionic liquid with an organic solvent of n-heptane or n-octane into the separatory funnel, and collecting the lower phase ionic liquid and recovering the upper phase solvent; and (2) adding a lye containing NaOH, or KOH, or ammonia as a solute, and distilled water as a solvent to the pretreated ionic liquid at different molar ratios, and performing atm. distil lation to obtain a solid phase mixture The method further includes: (3) adding an organic solvent such as acetone Et acetate, or Me tert-Bu ether, or ethanol to the solid phase mixture for extraction, collecting the extract, and performing atm. distil lation to obtain an organic salt solid; and (4) adding H Cl solution to the organic salt solids at different molar ratios for reaction, performing atm. distillation to obtain the target product, and finally drying the product at a temperature of 100-110 for 12-24 h to obtain cationic interme diates, such as imidazole, pyridine, quaternary ammonium salt and quaternary phosphonium salt. The method also includes: (5) adding a target anion to the cationic intermediates to displace a halogen ion or adding a Lewis acid, or Bronsted acid, or heteropoly acid to obtain a target acidic ionic liquid having a regeneration rate of 90-93%. Keywords: acidic ionic liquid regeneration refining fine chem industry available Substances (32) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 145 Hunting ionic liquids with large electrochemical potential windows By: Lian, Cheng ; Liu, Honglai ; Li, Chunzhong ; Wu, Jianzhong AIChE Journal (2019), 65(2), 804-810 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) with large electr ochem. potential windows (EPWs) are ideally suited to improve the energy and power d. of elec. devices for energy storage. However, guidelines are scarcely available for the selection or systematic screening of ILs for practical applications. Here, we present theor. predic tions for the EPW of thousands of cation-anion pairs based on a long- range corrected hybrid d. functional theory. The cathodic and anodic potential limits were estimated from the HOMO and LUMO energies of individual cations and anions. The approx. method predicts EPWs in reasonable agreement with existing exptl. data for several commonly used ionic systems and can be used as a screening tool for a large library of I Ls. Five most stable anions, with the cathode stability in the order of B[CN]4 > PF6 > BF4 > BOB>NTf2, have been identified. These anions provide the largest E PWs when they are paired with conventional organic cations. The cation stability is reduced uponelo ngation of the alkyl chain length or branching of the mol. backbone. 2018 American Institute of Chem. Engineers AIChE J, 2018. Keywords: ionic liquid electrochem potential HOMO LUMO gap Substances (84) Reactions (0) Citing (65) SciFinder Page 78 146 Developing Dual-Graphite Batteries with Pure 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Ionic Liquid as the Electrolyte By: Huang, Yu; Xiao, Rengui ; Ma, Zhiming; Zhu, Weichen ChemElectroChem (2019), 6(17), 4681-4688 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work, a novel dual-graphite battery (DGB) based on a pure 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMImTf O) ionic liquid electrolyte is constructed. Within a charge/discharge voltage range of 1.0-3.9 V and at a current of 400 m A g-1, batteries with dual-natural-graphite electrodes exhibit a high discharge plateau above 3.0 V with an initial discharge capacity of 46.2 mAh g-1, delivering a capacity retention of 71.0% after 100 cycles. Compar ative studies between the natural graphite and the synthetic graphite (KS6) electrodes are also conducted. Charge- discharge tests reveal that the dual natural-graphite battery presents a higher discharge voltage plateau and better retention than the dual KS6-graphite battery. To confirm the principle of the dual-graphite systems, a cyclic voltam metry test is conducted. The results demons trate that the EMIm+ cation exhibits an even more stable intercalation/de-intercalation behavior than the TfO- anion. Further tests, including ex situ X- ray diffraction and ex situ Raman spectroscopy, are performed to reveal the mechanism of Tf O- and EMIm+ intercalation into graphite, both demonst rating a reversible process. Keywords: ethyl methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid graphite battery Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (18) 147 Separation of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds from coal tar fractions via ionic liquids : COSMO-SAC screening and experimental study By: Xu, Dongmei; Zhang, Mi; Gao, Jun; Zhang, Lianzheng; Zhou, Shixue; Wang, Yinglong Chemical Engineering Communications (2019), 206(9), 1199-1217 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) have been applied as a promising solvent for the separation of different kinds of compounds But the enormous combination possibilities of the cations and anions make it a challe nging task to screen an approp riate IL for a specific applic ation. Thus, the method for screening IL candidates based on the COSMO-SAC model is presented and illust rated to extract heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, indole and carbazole, from coal tar fractions. Also, the -profile anal. is used to evaluate the effect of different types of cations and anions, and systematically confirmed the structure-activity relationships for the extraction process. Then, 22 cations and 19 anions are screened as the initial structures of the potential extractants from a - profile database (containing 39 cations and 29 anions). Along with the rigorous evaluation criterion proposed in this work, three I L extractants are adopted. Afterw ards, the extractive ability of the candidates is exptl. investi gated. Keywords: coal tar heterocyclic nitrogen extraction ionic liquid COSMOSAC screening Substances (68) Reactions (0) Citing (25) SciFinder Page 79 148 Electronic structural studies of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids for electrochemical application By: Asha, Suseeladevi; Vijayalakshmi, Kunduchi Periya; George, Benny K. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (2019), 119(17), n/a | Language: English, Database: CAplus Electrochem. stability and noncov alent interactions escorting the cyclic ammonium-based ionic liquids composed of N-alkyl-substi tuted N-Me pyrrolidinium (Pyr1R) (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, pentyl, hexyl) cations and four anions hexafluoro phosphate (PF6), tetrafluo roborate (BF4), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl-imide (TFSI)), and trifluoromethane sulfonate (TFO) have been analyzed using the d. functional theory. Electronic structures, electrochem. window, frontier orbital energy difference (H OMO-LUMO gap), binding energies, vibrational spectra of these ion pairs were charact erized. It has been establ ished that ion pair formation is largely reigned by C-HF interactions between anionic fluorine for B F4- and PF6- anions and C-HO interactions between anionic oxygen for T FSI and TFO anions and pyrrol idinic proton, Me, or alkyl group protons of the cations. The effect of alkyl chain length and pairing anions of the alkyl substituted N-Me pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids on the electrochem. window was investigated. The results revealed that the HOMO energy of pairing anions is the key factor to decide the electr ochem. window. Further quantif ication of noncovalent interactions in terms of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions has been brought out employing a novel method with the aid of Mulliken and Merz-Singh-Kollman charges, prevailed in pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids Keywords: pyrrolidinium ionic liquid electronic structure electr ochem application Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 149 Calculation of the isobaric heat capacities of the liquid and solid phase of organic compounds at and around 298.15 K based on their "true" molecular volume By: Naef, Rudolf Molecules (2019), 24(8), 1626 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE A universally applicable method for the prediction of the isobaric heat capacities of the liquid and solid phase of mols. at 298.15 K is presented, derived from their "true" volume The mols.' "true" volume in A3 is calculated on the basis of their geometry-optimized structure and the Van-der-Waals radii of their consti tuting atoms by means of a fast numerical algorithm. Good linear correl ations of the "true" volume of a large number of compounds encompassing all classes and sizes with their exptl. liquid and solid heat capacities over a large range have been found, although noticeably distorted by intermol. hydrogen-bond effects. To account for these effects, the total amount of 1303 compounds with known exptl. liquid heat capacities has been subdivided into three subsets consisting of 1102 hydroxy-group-free compounds, 164 monoalcs./monoacids, and 36 polyalcs./polyacids. The standard deviations for Cp(liq ,298) were 20.7 J/mol/K for the O H-free compounds, 22.91 J/mol/K for the monoalcs./ monoacids and 16.03 J/mol/K for the polyols/polyacids. Analogously, 797 compounds with known solid heat capacities have been separated into a subset of 555 O H-free compounds, 123 monoalcs./monoacids and 119 polyols/p olyacids. The standard deviations for Cp (sol,298) were calculated to 23.14 J/mol/K for the first, 21.62 J/mol/K for the second, and 19.75 J/mol/K for the last subset. A discussion of structural and intermol. effects influencing the heat capacities as well as of some special classes, in particular hydroca rbons, ionic liquids , siloxanes and metallocenes, has been given. In addition, the present method has succes sfully been extended to enable the prediction of the temperature dependence of the solid and liquid heat capacities in the range between 250 and 350 K. Keywords: liquid solid phase isobaric heat capacity mol volume; force- field geometry optimiz ation; heat capacity; hydroca rbons; ionic liquids ; metal complexes; molecular volume; siloxanes Substances (727) Reactions (0) Citing (13) SciFinder Page 80 150 Sodium- and Potassium-Hydrate Melts Containing Asymmetric Imide Anions for High-Voltage Aqueous Batteries By: Zheng, Qifeng ; Miura, Shota; Miyazaki, Kasumi ; Ko, Seongjae; Watanabe, Eriko; Okoshi, Masaki ; Chou, Chien-Pin ; Nishimura, Yoshifumi ; Nakai, Hiromi ; Kamiya, Takeshi; et al Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2019), 58(40), 14202-14207 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Aqueous Na- or K-ion batteries could virtually eliminate the safety and cost concerns raised from Li- ion batteries, but their widespread applications have generally suffered from narrow electr ochem. potential window (ca. 1.23 V) of aqueous electr olytes that leads to low energy d. Herein, by exploring optimized eutectic systems of Na and K salts with asym. imide anions, we discov ered, for the first time, room- temperature hydrate melts for Na and K systems, which are the second and third alkali metal hydrate melts reported since the first discovery of Li hydrate melt by our group in 2016. The newly discovered Na- and K- hydrate melts could significantly extend the potential window up to 2.7 and 2.5 V (at Pt electrode) , resp., owing to the merit that almost all water mols. participate in the Na+ or K+ hydration shells. As a proof- of-concept, a prototype Na3V2(PO4)2F3|NaTi2(PO4)3 aqueous Na-ion full-cell with the Na- hydrate-melt electrolyte delivers an average discharge voltage of 1.75 V, that is among the highest value ever reported for all aqueous Na-ion batteries. Keywords: sodium potassium hydrate asym imide anion voltage aqueous battery; aqueous batteries; asymmetric imide anion; electrochemistry; hydrates; potential window expansion Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (51) 151 Insights into Non-Ideal Behavior of Double Salt Ionic Liquids with Common Cation: Volumetric Behaviour, Molecular Dynamics Simulations and NMR Experiments By: Ijardar, Sushma P. ; Saparov, Ablay; Shah, Dhawal ChemistrySelect (2019), 4(44), 12861-12870 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Designer concept of ionic liquid (ILs) allows combination of different types of cation with anion to manipulate desire sets of physico-chem. properties. addnl. degree of freedom to improve these properties is addition of second I L, i. e. mixture of two pure I Ls, known as "Double Salt Ionic Liquids (DSILs)". Depending on variation in physico chem. proper ties, DSILs could be ideal or nonideal solution Present study was explores non- ideal behavior of three novel combination of imidazolium based DSILs using physicochem. properties. Proposed DSILs are homogeneous mixtures of two pure I Ls with common cation and two different anions: ethyls ulfate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide / trifluoro methanesulfonate / thiocyanate. Densities, and speeds of sound, u for proposed DSILs were determined at different temperatures Excess molar volumes VmE and excess molar isentropic compressi bilities KS,mE were calculated and discussed in view of chem. structures of pure I Ls, nature of anions and type of interaction between ions. VmE were found to be pos. for all cases, whereas pos. or neg. KS,mE were observed for studied D SILs. Behavior of DSI Ls was explained by mol. dynamics simula tions in terms of interaction energies and hydrogen bonds b\w components of D SILs as well as 1H NMR results. Results indicate random distri bution of anions around imidaz olium cation & structural changes during formulation of DSILs. Keywords: ethylsulfate thiocyanate trifluoromethanesulfonate mol dynamic simulation N MR Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 81 152 Extension of the F-SAC model to ionic liquids By: Schneider, R. ; Gerber, R. P.; Soares, R. de P. Fluid Phase Equilibria (2018), 477, 87-97 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work, the F-SAC model was extended to describe ionic liquids (IL). The proposed model was tested with cations of the 1alkyl-3-methylimidazolium family (extended to 1- Bu, 1-hexyl and 1-octyl by group contri bution) and six different anions. Only 25 new IL parameters were estimated based on infinite dilution activity coeffi cient (IDAC) data. The non-IL group parameters were retrieved from previous works, not related to IL. The obtained parameters resulted in a good agreement for 1332 I DAC points of alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, aromatics, ethers, ketones, and water diluted in I L, with an absolute average deviation of 0.160 for the IDAC logarithm and R 2 of 0.980. Prediction of vapor- liquid equilibrium as well as liquid - liquid equilibrium of binary and ternary mixtures also showed a good agreement with exptl. data. Comparison with excess enthalpy data showed a good temperature dependence prediction. When compared to UNIFAC (Do), F-SAC presented similar results, but with a much smaller number of parameters needed (Unifac (Do) currently contains 163 non-zero binary parameters to describe a subset of the mixtures studied in this work). Keywords: ionic liquid equilibrium infinite dilution activity coefficient Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 153 Method for performing organoantimony-adjusted living free radical polymerization in ionic liquid By: Li, Jun; Shen, Sainan; Shen, Zhen; Huang, Liyan; Wu, Ying; Liu, Zhengping China, CN108929398 A 2018-12-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The method comprises the steps of: providing ionic liquid as reaction medium, adding oxidant and organic antimony compound, and performing polymerization under gas protection. The organic antimony compound is used as both chain transfer agent and reducing agent, and reacts with the oxidant to initialize polymerization The polymerization can be performed at low temper ature The ionic liquid is used as reaction medium to ensure contro llable polymerization Keywords: organoantimony adjusted living free radical polymer ization ionic liquid available Substances (48) Reactions (3) Citing (0) SciFinder 154 Polymer electrolyte membrane assembly By: Kyu, Thein; Piedrahita, Camilo Rendon; Cao, Jinwei United States, US20180337417 A1 2018-11-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 82 A polymer electrolyte membrane assembly has of the polymer electr olyte membrane layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode. The polymer electrolyte membrane layer is made from a compos ition containing the polymer matrix, plasticizer, and an ionic material. The polymer electr olyte membrane assembly is utilized to harvest elec. energy by allowing the polymer electrolyte membrane assembly to bend to produce the second ion concent ration gradient different from an initial ion concentration gradient. Keywords: polymer electrolyte membrane assembly electrode available Substances (91) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder 155 Organic self-supporting film, preparation method and application By: Pan, Gebo; Xiao, Yan China, CN108728794 A 2018-11-02 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Page 83 The title organic self-supporting two-dimensional film comprises a fishing net structure. The fishing net structure includes a net structure, and a plurality of fishing net mesh pore structures formed in the net structure. The net structure is composed of a plurality of any one or two or more of one-dimensional nanowires, nanobelts and nanotubes by interwe aving. The nanowires, nanobelts and nanotubes are all made of organic nanocrysts. The title. method comprises: using phys. vapor deposition of the organic compound in liquid -phase system continuous deposition to form a continuous surface organic liquid -phase system selfsupporting film. The liquid -phase system has greater d. than the organic compound, and the organic compound is indissol. in the liquid -phase system. The present invention does not need to modify or restru cture the organic small mols. The modified organic self-supporting film has good crystal property, transfer resistance and excellent compati bility. The film is a self- supporting twodimensional network structure, where all organic nanocr ystals are in direct contact with the target substrate. Keywords: organic self supporting film available Substances (27) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 156 Battery member for secondary battery, and secondary battery and production method therefor By: Nishimura, Takuya; Gogyo, Yuma; Kojima, Katsunori World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018198168 A1 2018-11-01 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title battery member has, provided in the following order, a collector, an electrode mixture layer provided on the collector, and an electrolyte layer provided on the electrode mixture layer. The electrode mixture layer includes an electrode active material and an ionic liquid Keywords: secondary battery electrode ionic liquid available Substances (30) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 84 157 Battery member comprising imide type lithium salt for secondary battery, and manufacturing method for same By: Nishimura, Takuya; Gogyo, Yuma; Kojima, Katsunori World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018198969 A1 2018-11-01 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The battery member and secondary battery comprises in the following order, a collector, an electrode mixture layer provided on the collector, and an electrolyte layer provided on the electrode mixture layer. The electrode mixture layer contains an electrode active material and an ionic liquid , and the porosity in the electrode mixture layer is 10 volume% of the volume of the electrode mixture layer. Keywords: secondary battery member imide type lithium salt available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 158 Secondary battery with long cycle life By: Lin, Meng-Chang; Tang, Meijie; Dai, Hongjie; Pan, Chun-Jern; Qi, Pengfei World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018191308 A1 2018-10-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 85 Provided herein are new methods for making a highly stable metal anode (e.g., aluminum ion) battery. The battery includes, in some embodiments, a fluorinated material, for instance F EP or PTFE, as a chem. compatible enclosure which does not react with the electrolyte in the battery. In some examples, the batteries described herein are stable over many cycle lives and also tolerant a highly acidic electrolyte environment, even after long storage times. In some examples, the chem. compatible enclosure includes an inserted tube which allows for the removing of residual water and HCl which may be present in the battery, either as made, during use (e.g., charge-discharge cycling), or after use. Also set forth herein, in some examples, are methods of using a battery, including continuous drawing a vacuum on a battery during battery cycling. Keywords: secondary battery cycle available Substances (41) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 159 Thermodynamic properties, excess properties, and molecular interactions of ionic liquids 1cyanopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/trifluoromethanesulfonate and binary systems containing acetonitrile By: Zhang, Qingguo; Liu, Dongye; Li, Qing; Zhang, Xinyuan; Wei, Ying; Lang, Xiaoshi Journal of Molecular Liquids (2018), 268, 770-780 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this study, two novel binary systems of ionic liquids (ILs) {1-cyanopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([C3C Nmim][FSI]), or 1-cyanopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C3CNmim][CF3SO3]) + acetonitrile (AN)} are prepared over the whole concentration Densities (), elec. conductivities (), dynamic viscosities (), and surface tensions () of pure ILs and two binary systems were measured at temper atures from 288.15 to 323.15 K at 101 k Pa within the whole composition range. The thermodn. parameters of pure ILs such as coefficient of thermal expansion (), standard molar entropy (S0), and lattice energy (UPOT) were estimated The excess molar volumes (VE) were obtained from the exptl. densities and fitted to Redlich- Kister (RK) polynomial equation. The dependence of the transport properties (viscosity and conduc tivity) on temperature can be described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) equation. In order to obtain information about interactions between A N mols. and selected I Ls, the d. functional theory (DFT) calculations combining the COSMO-RS methodol. were employed. The hydrogen bonds formation between components of the mixtures was discussed from the calculation results and the variations in the I R (IR) spectrum. Keywords: ionic liquid trifluoromethanesulfonate mol interaction thermodn property Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (13) SciFinder Page 86 160 Method for recovering silver present on a substrate, electrochemically, in the presence of an ionic liquid By: Billy, Emmanuel European Patent Organization, EP3388554 A1 2018-10-17 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Process of recovery of the Ag of a substrate elec. conducting, said process including the following stages: - supply of a comprising system with a conducting substrate with Ag forming a pos. electrode, a neg. electrode, in a conducting material and a device connected elec. to the pos. electrode and the neg. electrode, allowing to control the potential or the current of the one of the two electrodes pos. and neg.; immersion of the pos. electrode and the neg. electrode in a solution including a 1st liquid ionic formed by a 1st cation and a 1st anion; and application of a potential or a current to the one of the two electr odes, so as to simultaneously dissolve the Ag of the pos. electrode, to dissolve in solution and electrodeposit on the neg. electrode. Keywords: recovering silver substrate electrochem ionic liquid available Substances (22) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 87 161 Efficient Extraction of Neutral Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds from Coal Tar via Ionic Liquids and Its Mechanism Analysis By: Zhang, Lianzheng; Zhang, Mi; Gao, Jun ; Xu, Dongmei ; Zhou, Shixue; Wang, Yinglong Energy & Fuels (2018), 32(9), 9358-9370 | Language: English, Database: CAplus As a valuable chem. material or energy fuel, the reasonable and efficient utilization of coal tar is important. Four different ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-Me imidazolium tosylate ([emim][TOS]), 1-butyl-1-Me pyrrolidinium chloride ([bmpyrr][Cl]), N-butylpyridinium chloride ([bpy][Cl]), and 1-ethyl-3-Me imidazolium trifluoroacetate ([emim][TFA]), were investigated as extractants to extract the value-added neutral heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, indole and carbazole, from model coal tar in the present work. And the separation performance was valued by calcul ating the exptl. extraction efficiency and distri bution coefficient For neutral nitrogen compounds, indole and carbazole, the adopted four ILs have higher extraction efficiency and select ivity than basic nitrogen compounds, pyridine and quinoline. Then, the key experiment factors, extraction temperature, extraction time, mass ratio of I Ls to model oil, and initial N-content, were explored and optimized. Meanwhile, the extraction mechanism was studied by analyzing the intermol. interactions that formed between the anions of the adopted I Ls and neutral nitrogen compounds through mol. simula tion. And the investigated four ILs were ascertained to be the potential extractants with high separation capacity for indole and carbazole. In addition, the reusability of the IL extractant was confirmed. Keywords: extraction heterocyclic nitrogen compound coal tar ionic liquid Substances (43) Reactions (0) Citing (42) SciFinder 162 Preparation and testing method of dual ion battery based on PP 14NTF2 electrolyte By: Li, Jianling; Li, Zhanyu; Liu, Jian China, CN108511790 A 2018-09-07 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Page 88 The dual ion battery uses pure phase N-butyl-N-methyl-piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP14NTF2) as electrolyte, superconducting graphite paper as cathode and anode, G F/D as separator, is assembled into C R2025 button cell in the glove box filled with high purity argon, and is used for electrochem. performance testing. This dual ion battery in blue elec. test system shows good electrochem. property. At 20 m A/g c.d., the first discharge specific capacity is 42.8 m Ah/g, charge specific capacity is 98 m Ah/g, and corresp onding coulombic efficiency is 43.7%. The discharge voltage is high up to about 3.0 V, which can be used as a new energy device for energy field. Keywords: preparation testing dual ion battery electr olyte available Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 163 Preparation method of metal by ionic liquid electrolyzing metal oxide By: Li, Ying; Li, Min China, CN108441886 A 2018-08-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention discloses a preparation method of metal by ionic liquid electrolyzing metal oxide, which has the advantages of low cost and environmental friendliness. The invention discloses a prepar ation method of metal by ionic liquid electrolyzing metal oxide, which includes the following steps: adding metal oxides to the ionic liquids , mixing to obtain the electr olyte; and electrodeposition. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolysis metal oxide preparation available Substances (40) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 164 All solid-state battery having sulfide-based solid electrolyte and its manufacturing method By: Cho, U Seok; Kim, Gyeong Su; Park, Je Sik; Song, Jun Ho; Yoo, Ji Sang Korea, Republic of, KR2018094184 A 2018-08-23 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Page 89 An all solid state battery containing sulfide-based solid electrolyte having improved ion-conductive surface area which is lowered by pores generated in noncontact region between particles from cathode layer and solid electrolyte layer is provided. The all solidstate battery comprises 1st slurry containing pos. electrode and sulfide- based solid electrolyte particles, 2nd slurry containing neg. electrode active material and sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles, and 3rd slurry containing sulfide- based solid electrolyte particles, wherein the 1st, 2nd and 3rd slurry also comprises an ionic liquid Keywords: all solid state battery sulfide electrolyte available Substances (27) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 165 Counteranion-dependent sorption of imidazolium- and benzimidazolium-based ionic liquids by soot By: Li, Yue; Wei, Li; Zhang, Wen; Dong, Zhiqiang; Qiu, Yuping Chemosphere (2018), 202, 264-271 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Sorption of ionic liquids (ILs) to soil and porous materials as affected by anions was observed, but scarce effort has been focused on addressing the role of counteranions in sorption and the associated underlying mechan isms. In this work, two series of 1- butyl3-methylimidazolium- (Bmim-) and N-Bu, methyl-benzimidazolium-based (Bmbim-based) ILs coupled with different counteranions were prepared to investigate the effect of anions on I L sorption by soot. The octanol- water partition coefficient (Kow) and the ionpair formation constant at infinite dilution in water (K IP) of ILs were independently measured to explore the contri bution of counter anion-dependent hydrophobicity and ion-pair. A wide range of sorption coeffi cients (Kd) of ILs were achieved with values varying from 59.8 to 344.3 Lkg-1 for Bmbim-based ILs and from 253.4 to 489.7 L kg -1 for Bmbim-based ILs. Compared with other anions, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N]-) and hexafluorophosphate ([PF6]-) exhibit tighter association with IL cations in aqueous solution due to their larger Kow and higher K IP. Pos. linear relatio nships between log K IP and Kd and between log Kow and Kd evidenced that the counteranion-dependent sorption of ILs relies on the association strengths of IL cations and counter anions, which further influence the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of ion pairs. Compared with that of strongly coordi nating anions (such as [CH3SO3]-, [CF3COO]-, [BF4]-, [CF3SO3]-, and [Cl]-), the addition of weakly coordinating anions (such as [ Tf2N]- and [PF6]-) in solution contributes to markedly large sorption enhanc ement of ILs. Consequently, the contribution of different counteranions on IL sorption is essentially based on the formation of ion pair with different K IP and Kow in aqueous solution Keywords: imidazolium benzimidazolium ionic liquid sorption counteranion electronic conductivity; Counteranion; Ion-pair formation constant; Ionic liquids ; Sorption Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (7) SciFinder Page 90 166 Purification method of acetic acid with cyclical ionic flux membrane By: Cehreli, Suheyla; Baylan, Nilay Turkey, TR2017021494 A2 2018-07-23 | Language: Turkish, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a purification method of acetic acid using a mass liquid membrane system having ionic fluid in membrane phase. The ionic fluid having a cation group consisting of imidaz olium, pyridinium, ammonium, phosphorus as a cation; and hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, dicyanamide, nitrate, and a group of bromide consists of an anion from a strand. Keywords: cyclical flux membrane acetic acid ionic liquid available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 167 Prediction of Henry's law constant of CO 2 in ionic liquids based on SEP and S-profile molecular descriptors By: Kang, Xuejing; Liu, Chunjiang; Zeng, Shaojuan; Zhao, Zhijun; Qian, Jianguo; Zhao, Yongsheng Journal of Molecular Liquids (2018), 262, 139-147 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Nowadays, greenhouse gas CO2 emissions have caused serious global warming problems. Unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs), such as negligible vapor pressure, good thermal and chem. stability, high gas dissolution capacity, etc. have made them highly promising in capturing CO2. Although researchers have done a lot of exptl. work using I Ls to capture CO2, time-consuming and high exptl. economic costs have led to a strong interest in establishing predictive models. In this work, 297 exptl. data points including 16 cations and 9 anions for 34 ILs are collected and the structures of cations and anions are optimized by quantum chem. Then the electrostatic potential surface area ( SEP) and charge distribution area (S-profile) descriptors are calculated and used to predict the Henry's law constant (HLC) of CO2 in ILs. Three new models, namely, the multiple linear regression (M LR), support vector machine (S VM), and extreme learning machine (E LM) are finally developed based on the above- calculated descriptors. Results show that the E L M model with AARD = 3.22% for the entire data set is the most valid and powerful one to predict the H LC of CO2. Keywords: carbon dioxide ionic liquid Henry law constant model Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (16) SciFinder Page 91 168 Method for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its derivatives from sugar conversions using water-insoluble ionic liquid By: Colpo de Melo, Fernanda; Oberson de Souza, Michele; Fernando de Souza, Roberto Brazil, BR102016031027 A2 2018-07-17 | Language: Portuguese, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a HMF production method that comprises introducing a starting material as an aqueous solution of sugar into a catalyst as an acidic compound and a reaction medium composed of a water insoluble ionic liquid at a temper ature of 0-180C for 1- 10 h. The ionic liquid in the aqueous solution solubilizes the sugar and HMF to form a two-phase system, and under agitation, it becomes an emulsion and at the interfaces of the emulsion, catalytic reactions convert the sugar into HMF. At the end of the reaction and after the agitation stops, the two phases are reformed to allow simple decantation to sep. the HMF from the ionic liquid , thus the ionic liquid can be recycled and directly subjected to subsequent reactions. Keywords: hydroxymethylfurfural sugar conversion water insoluble ionic liquid available Substances (31) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 169 Effect of linkers (aliphatic/ aromatic) and anions on the activity of sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquids towards catalyzing the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose-an experimental and theoretical study By: Parveen, Firdaus; Jaiswal, Meha; Upadhyayula, Sreedevi Renewable Energy (2018), 121, 590-596 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass to alternative fuels seems a promising solution to the problem of depleting fossil fuels, global warming. In this work, hydrolysis of biomass-derived cellulose was invest igated using -SO3H functionalized imidazole based ionic liquids (ILs) with different aliphatic or aromatic linkers and anionic function alities. These multifunctional ILs were synthesized in the laboratory and characterized using NMR, TGA, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. ILs consisting of an aliphatic linker and triflate anion exhibited highest catalytic activity in cellulose hydrolysis with Total Reducing Sugar (TRS) yield of 93% at 100 C and 90 min reaction time. D. Functional Theory (DFT) was used to calculate the acidity trends of the prepared catalysts and validated exptl. using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. ILs with aliphatic linker attached - SO3H group showed better catalytic perfor mance as compared to aromatic or directly attached - SO3H group despite being less acidic. This was confirmed by T G anal. which showed the presence of water mols. in the aromatic and directly attached -SO3H (IL1 & 3). Overall this report illust rates significant improvement over the prior art in terms of economic prospects with remarkable T RS production efficiency from renewable feedstock. Keywords: aliphatic aromatic linker anion sulfonic acid ionic liquid hydrolysis Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 92 170 Biodegradable and biosourced polymers for use in manufacturing of plastic bags By: Livi, Sebastien; Duchet-Rumeau, Jannick; Gerard, Jean-Francois World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018108881 A1 2018-06-21 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a biodegradable and biosourced polymers for use in the manufac turing of plastic bags. It includes a polyester matrix, for example the polybutylene succinate, a biodegr adable and biosource agent of reinfor cement, for example acid polylactic, lignin, the cellulose, ethers of cellulose and/or an ionic liquid The invention also has as an aim a film (for example a stretchable film), a bag or an disposable plastic-ware which is completely or partly made up of the aforesaid material. Keywords: biodegradable polymer plastic bag available Substances (50) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 171 Ionic liquid type heavy oil viscosity reducer prepared with microbial surfactant and preparation method thereof By: Li, Bo; Gao, Wenbo; Wang, Baozhu; Li, Guojun; Wang, Zhu; Shen, Yujiang; Wang, Qiang; Wu, Lianhe; Feng, Liping; Xu, Longguang China, CN108148565 A 2018-06-12 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title viscosity reducer comprises (by%) ionic liquid type lipopeptide 30-80, anionic surfactant (sodium C12-18 alkyl benzene sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, etc.) 0.5-5, nonionic surfactant (fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, alkyl glycoside, etc.) 0.5-10, and ionic liquid as balance. The ionic liquid may be cationic liquid or anionic liquid , wherein the cation is alkyl quaternary ammonium ion [NRxH4-x]+, alkyl quaternary phosphonium ion [PRxH4-x]+, 1,3-dialkyl substituted imidazolium ion [ R1R3i.m.]+, and/or N-alkyl substituted pyridinium ion [R Py]+; and the anion is B F4-, PF6-, CF3SO3-, etc. The viscosity reducer is prepared by preparing lipopeptide microbial surfactant by microbial fermen tation using Bacillus subtilis, preparing ionic liquid type lipopeptide, and mixing with anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and the rest of ionic liquid The viscosity reducer of the present invention has strong salt resistance and high temperature resistance, effectively reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and the surface tension, possesses physicochem. properties of ionic liquid , is suitable for wide temperature range, has strong phys. and chem. stability, has heavy oil viscosity reduction effect of 80-95%, is safe and environm entally friendly, and has simple preparation and strong operability. Keywords: ionic liquid heavy oil viscosity reducer lipope ptide microbial surfactant available Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 93 172 Selective extraction of radioactive element from radioactive waste solution using separation treatment method By: Choi, Sang Jun; Oh, Won Jin; Choi, Jeong Won; Cho, Seung Yeon; Lee, Hyeon Gyu Korea, Republic of, KR2018058330 A 2018-06-01 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a selective extraction having stable isotope of a radioactive element is additive, and the concent ration of the radioactive element in the radioa ctive waste solution can be effici ently lowered. The radioa ctive element is at least 2 elements selected from radioactive Cs, radioactive Sr, radioactive Co, and the stable isotope is at least 2 elements selected from Cs133, Sr-88 and Co-59. The ionic liquid is C2mimT2N and the extractant is DCH18C6. Keywords: radioactive element waste separation treatment available Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 173 Device for generating oxygen By: Kuehn, Fritz; Groche, Florian J.; Kallfass, Christoph European Patent Organization, EP3323471 A1 2018-05-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 94 The present invention is directed to a device for generating oxygen comprising at least one reaction chamber (2) for housing a composition for generating oxygen, the composition comprising a combination of constituents consisting of at least one oxygen source, at least one ionic liquid , and at least one metal oxide compound, means for mainta ining at least one of the oxygen source, the ionic liquid and the metal oxide compound phys. separated from the remaining constit uents, means for establishing phys. contact of the oxygen source, the ionic liquid and the metal oxide compound, and means for allowing oxygen to exit the reaction chamber, wherein the metal oxide compound is an oxide of a single metal or of two or more different metals, said metal(s) being selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements, and wherein the oxygen source comprises a peroxide compound Keywords: oxygen generating device available Substances (28) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 174 Molecular dynamics study of thermodynamic stability and dynamics of [Li(glyme)] + complex in lithiumglyme solvate ionic liquids By: Shinoda, Wataru ; Hatanaka, Yuta; Hirakawa, Masashi; Okazaki, Susumu; Tsuzuki, Seiji; Ueno, Kazuhide; Watanabe, Masayoshi Journal of Chemical Physics (2018), 148(19), 193809/1-193809/8 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Equimolar mixtures of glymes and organic lithium salts are known to produce solvate ionic liquids , in which the stability of the [Li (glyme)]+ complex plays an important role in determ ining the ionic dynamics. Since these mixtures have attractive physic ochem. properties for application as electrolytes, it is important to understand the dependence of the stability of the [Li (glyme)]+ complex on the ion dynamics. A series of microsecond mol. dynamics simulations has been conducted to invest igate the dynamic properties of these solvate ionic liquids Successful solvate ionic liquids with high stability of the [Li (glyme)]+ complex have been shown to have enhanced ion dynamics. Li-glyme pair exchange rarely occurs: its charact eristic time is longer than that of ion diffusion by one or two orders of magnitude. Li-glyme pair exchange most likely occurs through cluster formation involving multiple [Li (glyme)]+ pairs. In this process, multiple exchanges likely take place in a concerted manner without the production of energetically unfavo rable free glyme or free Li+ ions. (c) 2018 American Institute of Physics. Keywords: MD simulation stability lithium glyme complex aqueous ionic liquid Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (27) SciFinder Page 95 175 Method for preparing graphene-containing thermally conductive heat-dissipating composite by exfoliating graphite with shear thickening system By: Yang, Yingkui; Wang, Xianggang; Qiu, Shengqiang; He, Chengen; Lei, Sheng; Zhang, Jinlong China, CN108047822 A 2018-05-18 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title method for preparing graphene thermal conductive and heat dissipating composites by exfoliating graphite in a shear thickening system is characterized by the following steps: mixing the shear thickening system containing thermal conductive fillers (nano silica) with graphite raw materials to obtain mixed liquids , and making the mixed liquids in a high viscosity state of shear thickening by mech. shearing, graphene is peeled into the mixed liquid to obtain a composite liquid containing graphene and thermal conductive filler, i.e., graphene thermal conductive and heat dissipating composite material. Keywords: graphite exfoliation thermal conductive heat dissipating coating material available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder 176 Ionic liquid -acid aqueous two-phase system for extracting metal ions By: Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Coutinho, Joao Manuel da Costa e Araujo Pereira; Gras, Matthieu; Billard, Isabelle World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018087364 A1 2018-05-17 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Page 96 The application relates to a process for extracting or separating metal ions using a compos ition comprising: - an ionic liquid of formula C +,-X, in which: - C + is an onium cation comprising at least one hydroc arbon chain R 1 comprising from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, - X P - is an anion of charge p, said ionic liquid having a solubility in water at 20C of at least 10 g/l, - an acid, and - water, said composition comprising two liquid phases: - a phase enriched in ionic liquid IL and - a phase enriched in water w, the pH of which is less than or equal to 4.7, and the uses of the composition for extracting a metal ion from an acidic aqueous medium comprising a metal ion, for separating metal ions from an aqueous medium comprising at least two metal ions or for purifying an acidic aqueous solution comprising a metal ion. Keywords: metal ion extraction acidic two phase system available Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 177 Engine lubricating oil composition and method for improving detergency of internal combustion engine lubricating oil By: Liu, Yinong; Duan, Qinghua; Wei, Kecheng; Zhang, Yao China, CN107987918 A 2018-05-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition comprises 0.5% to 6% of alkyl salicylate detergent, 1% to 8% of high base sulfonate detergent, and 1% to 8% of low alkalinity sulfonate detergent, 1%-8% ashless disper sant, 0.05%-3% antioxidant, 1%15% viscosity index improver and balance of lubric ating base oil. The internal combustion engine oil compos ition has low P content, low metal corrosion, excellent high temperature detergency and soot dispersi bility, better oxidation resistance and abrasion resist ance, and can meet the perfor mance requirements of API CH-4. Keywords: internal combustion engine lubricating oil ionic liquid detergency additive available Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 178 Protected anodes and methods for making and using same By: Salehi-Khojin, Amin; Asadi, Mohammad; Sayahpour, Bahark; Abbasi, Pedram World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018075538 A1 2018-04-26 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 97 The disclosure relates more specifically to protected anodes for batteries, and to methods for making such anodes. One aspect of the disclosure is a method for preparing a protected anode, the method including providing an electrochem. cell comprising a cathode comprising at least one transition metal dichalcogenide, an anode comprising a metal, an electr olyte in contact with the transition metal dichalcogenide of the cathode and the metal of the anode, and carbon dioxide dissolved in the electr olyte; and performing a discharge- charge cycle comprising discharging the electrochem. cell, and applying a voltage across the anode and the cathode for a time sufficient to charge the electrochem. cell; wherein the electrochem. cell is substantially free of water; and wherein one or more chem. species formed in the discharge-charge cycle and dissolved in the electr olyte are deposited onto the anode. Keywords: protected anode method making available Substances (35) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 98 179 Positive electrode for metal secondary battery and metal secondary battery including the same By: Lee, Dongjin; Jeong, Joonseon; Kim, Chansu; Yang, Yooseong; Yu, Taehwan European Patent Organization, EP3312919 A1 2018-04-25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A pos. electrode for a metal secondary battery includes a pos. current collector; and a pos. active material layer disposed on the pos. current collector, wherein the pos. active material layer includes: a pos. active material, a salt including an alkali metal salt, an alk. earth metal salts, or a combination thereof, and a polymeric 1st binder including a repeating unit repres ented by formula of [R C OO]n (wherein R is a C2- C5 alkylene group, a C2- C6 alkoxylene group, a C2-C6 alkoxycarbonylene group, a C2-C6 alkylene oxide group, or a combination thereof, and n is an integer from 90 to 2, 700). Also a metal secondary battery including the same. Keywords: metal secondary battery cathode metal salt polyester binder available Substances (110) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 180 Manufacturing of flexible supercapacitors By: Miles, Anthony; Vyas, Niladri United Kingdom, GB2554367 A 2018-04-04 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 99 A layer-by-layer manufacturing process is presented to create fully printable supercap acitors which are highly flexible in nature and can be formed into a specific shape or size for using in electronic devices including large energy storage systems, electronic equipment, and wearable devices. A polymer-based substrate material with superior flexib ility is printed onto a release liner followed by deposition of successive layers of active materials. In this manner both the electrodes of a flexible supercapacitor are prepared sep. on the printed substrates before arranging them on top of each other with a thin layer of electrolyte in the middle. The assembled supercapacitors enclosed in the flexible polymer substrate can be removed afterwards from the release liner, providing a fully printed structure with outstanding flexibility. Supercapacitors developed in this manner are fully scalable and can be produced in a roll-to-roll production facility. Keywords: flexible supercapacitor manufacturing available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 181 Screening of ionic liquids as green oilfield solvents for the potential removal of asphaltene from simulated oil: COSMO-RS model approach By: Rashid, Zeeshan; Wilfred, Cecilia Devi; Gnanasundaram, Nirmala; Arunagiri, Appusamy; Murugesan, Thanabalan Journal of Molecular Liquids (2018), 255, 492-503 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Petroleum industry encounters a challenge to search prospective solvents for asphaltene species which is the main cause of arterial blockage in oil pipelines that results in flow assurance problem. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have received significant attention as green oilfield solvents due to their tunable physicochem. properties. In this study, C OSMO-RS (Conductor like Screening Model for Real Solvents) was used to screen ILs to be used as the potential extractant for asphal tene. For benchmarking and validation purpose, the estimated activity coefficient at infinite dilution (A Cid) of 3 ILs with various organic solvents (125 data points) at different temperatures were used and the Root Mean Square Deviation (R MSD) value was found to be 0.14 which indicated the good reliability and the prediction capability of C OSMO-RS. Henceforth, 240 ILs of different combinations, containing 6 types of cations namely: 1-butyl-3-Me imidazolium [BMIM], 3-methyl-1-Pr pyridinium [MPPy], n-butyl-iso-quinolinium [C4isoQ], 1-butyl-1methyl-pyrrolidinium [BMPYRO], 1-butyl-1-Me piperidinium [BMPIP] and Tetra Me ammonium [TMAm] combined with 40 anions were investigated. ACid data of all cation and anion combin ations were used for selectivity, capacity and performance index calcul ations to evaluate the effectiveness of ILs. Results showed that among the invest igated combinations, ILs containing hetero-at. aromatic cations combined with sterically hindered anion e.g. [C6F18P] is favorable for asphaltene removal at ambient temper ature and atm. pressure. Keywords: ionic liquid solvent screening asphaltene removal oilfield Substances (45) Reactions (0) Citing (28) SciFinder 182 Manufacturing of flexible supercapacitors By: Miles, Anthony; Vyas, Niladri World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018055385 A1 2018-03-29 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 100 A layer-by-layer manufacturing process is presented to create fully printable supercap acitors which are highly flexible in nature and can be formed into a specific shape or size for using in electronic devices including large energy storage systems, electronic equipment, and wearable devices. A polymer-based substrate material with superior flexib ility is printed onto a release liner followed by deposition of successive layers of active materials. In this manner both the electrodes of a flexible supercapacitor are prepared sep. on the printed substrates before arranging them on top of each other with a thin layer of electrolyte in the middle. The assembled supercapacitors enclosed in the flexible polymer substrate can be removed afterwards from the release liner, providing a fully printed structure with outstanding flexibility. Supercapacitors developed in this manner are fully scalable and can be produced in a roll-to-roll production facility. Keywords: flexible supercapacitor manufacturing available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 183 Immobilized phosphotungstic acid based ionic liquid : Application for heterogeneous esterification of palmitic acid By: Wang, Yongqiang; Zhao, Dan; Wang, Lulu; Wang, Xianqin; Li, Lujun; Xing, Zhongpeng; Ji, Na; Liu, Shejiang; Ding, Hui Fuel (2018), 216, 364-370 | Language: English, Database: CAplus For biodiesel production from waste oils, the esterification pretreatment process is now recognized as one of the most important approaches to convert free fatty acids for improving the quality of waste oils. In this paper, before immobilizing, three environm entally friendly acid ionic liquids were selected to conduct the immobilization. 1-(3-Sulfonate)-propyl-3-allylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and dihydrogen phosphotungstate ionic liquids were prepared and charact erized by N MR. All the three ionic liquids had the capacity to catalyze esterification of palmitic acid with yields of more than 98%. Therefore, the ionic liquids were supported on functionalized SBA-15 by thiol- ene click reaction. The immobilized ionic liquids were characterized by S EM, FTIR, NMR, XRF, and BET. Because of the strong acidity of phosphotungstic acid and the high loading rate (41.2%) , 1-(3sulfonate)-propyl-3-allylimidazolium phosphotungstate supported ionic liquid was proved to possess the highest catalytic perfor mance which gave a 88.1% esterification yield after 8 h when the reaction temper ature, methanol to acid molar ratio and catalyst dosage were 65 C, 9 and 15 wt%, resp. In addition, the supported ionic liquid could be reused for 5 times without signif icant deactivation. Keywords: biodiesel immobilized phosphotungstic acid ionic liquid esterification catalyst Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (29) SciFinder 184 Proton exchange composite membrane By: Hooshyari, Khadijeh; Javanbakht, Mehran; Adibi, Mina United States, US20180069257 A1 2018-03-08 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 101 A proton exchange composite membrane (PECM) and a method of synthe sizing the membrane are disclosed. The PECM may include a PBI membrane doped with an acid, an imidaz olium-based dicationic ionic liquid , and a mesoporous material. This P ECM can be used as an improved high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell. The disclosed fuel cell can provide improved proton conductivity, acid uptake, and thermal stability. Keywords: proton exchange composite membrane available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 185 Removal of metal ions from aqueous solution via liquid / liquid extraction and electrochemistry By: Hatton, T. Alan; Brown, Paul; Voskian, Sahag World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018035136 A1 2018-02-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Disclosed are methods for using ionic liquids to extract metals from aqueous solutions, and for subsequent recovery of the metals from the ionic liquids by electr ochem. methods. The ionic liquids may be recycled and reused for further extraction The ionic liquids described have a controlled hydrop hobic-hydrophilic balance that allows them to dissolve heavy metals at relatively high concentrations The metals are chelated in the ion- pair region of the ionic liquid The metals may be removed, and the ionic liquid regenerated, by applying an electr ochem. potential. Keywords: metal water wastewater liquid extraction electr ochem available Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 102 186 Porous polyetherimide membrane with electrolyte composition comprising an ionic liquid By: L'Abee, Roy Martinus Adrianus; Darosa, Fabien World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018029580 A1 2018-02-15 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A separator (104) includes a porous polyetherimide membrane comprising a plurality of pores, wherein at least a portion of the pores comprise an electrolyte composition comprising an ionic liquid Keywords: porous polyetherimide membrane electrolyte ionic liquid available Substances (53) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 187 Systems and methods incorporating ionic liquids for electrochemically mediated capturing of Lewis acid gases By: Hatton, Trevor Alan; Brown, Paul; Voskian, Sahag World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018022756 A1 2018-02-01 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for capturing a Lewis acid gas (e.g., CO2). In some embodiments, the methods and systems use an ionic liquid incorporated into one or more electr ochem. cells. Keywords: ionic liquid electrochem mediated capturing Lewis acid gas available Substances (47) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 103 188 A battery-supercapacitor hybrid device composed of metallic zinc, a biodegradable ionic liquid electrolyte and graphite By: Liu, Zhen; Li, Guozhu; Cui, Tong; Borodin, Andriy; Kuhl, Chantal; Endres, Frank Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry (2018), 22(1), 91-101 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The integration of a battery-type electrode and of a capacitor- type electrode in a single device by proper design is an effective strategy in developing energy storage devices with high energy and power densities. Herein, we present a battery-supercapacitor hybrid device using metallic zinc as anode, a biodegradable ionic liquid (IL) as electrolyte, and graphite as cathode. The recently developed choline acetate ([Ch]OAc) biodegradable IL-based electrolyte enables reversible deposition/stripping of Zn(II). Spongy-like Zn with a high surface area is obtained, which allows fast charge/discharge at high rates. The adsorpt ion/desorption of ions on the surface of the graphite cathode and intercalation/deintercalation of anions into/from the graphite layers occur at the graphite cathode. Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron reveal the intercalation of IL into and the adsorption of I L on the graphite. Highly reversible adsorption/desorption of ions on the surface of the graphite electrodes in the [Ch] OAc-based electrolyte was demons trated by a sym. cell. The Zn/gra phite hybrid device delivers an energy d. of 53 Wh kg -1 at a power d. of 145 W kg -1 and 42 Wh kg -1 at 400 W kg-1. The hybrid device also exhibits a long cycle life with 86% specific capaci tance retained after 1000 cycles at a c.d. of 0.5 A g-1. The combination of well-available zinc, inexpensive graphite, and a biodegr adable IL electrolyte in a cell could open new avenues for sustainable energy applications. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] . Keywords: zinc ionic liquid electrolyte graphite battery superca pacitor hybrid device Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (44) 189 A new theoretical model - The ionic molar surface Gibbs free energy and its application By: Pan, Yi; Yang, Yu-Xuan; Chang, Ning; Wang, Zhi; Guan, Wei; Yang, Jia-Zhen Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics (2018), 116, 107-113 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Three novel ether-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-imidazolium acetate, [C22O1IM][OAc], 1-ethyl-3-(2methoxyethyl)-imidazolium thiocyanate, [C22O1IM][SCN], 1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C22 O1IM][TfO], and two ILs 1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-imidazolium dicyanamide, [C22O1IM][DCA], 1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-imidaz olium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C22O1IM][NTF2] were prepared and charact erized. Their d. and surface tension were measured at T = (298.15-338.15) K. As a new theor. model, the ionic molar surface Gibbs free energy, gi, was put forward. The ionic molar surface Gibbs free energy, g-, for [BF4]-, which was as reference ion, was obtained in terms of the extrather modynamic assumptions so that the ionic molar surface Gibbs free energy, g+, of the corresponding cations, [Cnmim]+ (n = 2- 6), were determined In terms of the g+ values of [Cnmim]+ (n = 2- 6), the g- values of 12 kinds of anions were determined and then the average g+ value of [ C22O1IM]+ (9.52 0.21 k Jmol-1) was gotten. By using the values of these gi, the predicted values of molar surface Gibbs free energy, gest, and surface tension, est, for [C22O1IM][X] (X = OAC, SCN, DCA, TfO, NTF2) and other 45 ionic liquids were estimated In comparison, the predicted values correlated quite well with their matching exptl. values. Keywords: ether functionalized ionic liquid Gibbs free energy surface tension Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (13) SciFinder Page 104 190 Process for preparing highly reactive isobutene homo- or copolymers By: Corberan Roc, Rosa; Muehlbach, Klaus; Wettling, Thomas; Kostjuk, Sergei V.; Vasilenko, Irina; Shiman, Dmitryi; Berazianka, Ivan World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018015306 A1 2018-01-25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing high-reactivity isobutene homo- or copolymers with a content of terminal vinylidene double bonds per polyisobutene chain end of at least 70 mol%. The present invention further relates to novel isobutene polymers. Keywords: highly reactive isobutene homopolymer copolymer available Substances (75) Reaction (1) Citing (3) 191 Multilayer electrolyte cell, secondary battery comprising multilayer electrolyte cell and manufacturing method therefor By: Lim, Seong Yun; Kwon, Ji Yun; Kim, Seok Gu; Ha, Hoe Jin; Kim, Yeong Sik; Choi, Hyeon Ji; Kim, Jae Gwang; Heo, Seong U Korea, Republic of, KR2018006202 A 2018-01-17 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to techniques regarding a multilayer electrolyte cell, a secondary battery comprising the multilayer electrolyte cell and a manufac turing method therefor, and more specifically to a multilayer electr olyte cell in which electr olyte is composed of multiple layers by laminating a solid ceramic electrolyte having ionic liquid , and a polymer coating layer having liquid electrolyte onto a base having a porous structure, a secondary battery comprising the multilayer electr olyte cell and a manufac turing method therefor. Keywords: secondary battery multilayer electrolyte cell manufacture available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 105 192 Multilayer electrolyte cell, secondary battery comprising multilayer electrolyte cell and manufacturing method therefor By: Lim, Seongyoon; Kwon, Jiyoon; Kim, Seok Koo; Hah, Hoejin; Kim, Youngsik; Choi, Hyunji; Kim, Jaekwang; Hur, Seongwoo World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2018009018 A1 2018-01-11 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to techniques regarding a multilayer electrolyte cell, a secondary battery comprising the multilayer electrolyte cell and a manufac turing method therefor, and more specifically to a multilayer electr olyte cell in which electr olyte is composed of multiple layers by laminating a solid ceramic electrolyte having ionic liquid , and a polymer coating layer having liquid electrolyte onto a base having a porous structure, a secondary battery comprising the multilayer electr olyte cell and a manufac turing method therefor. Keywords: secondary battery multilayer electrolyte cell manufacture available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 193 Process for the recovery of platinum, electrochemically, from a material which contains same By: Billy, Emmanuel; Balva, Maxime; Leclerc, Natalie; Legeai, Sophie; Meux, Eric European Patent Organization, EP3263744 A1 2018-01-03 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention refers to a process of Pt recovery starting from a material in which it is contained, this process includes a stage of electrolysis led in an electr olytic solution in which is immersed a system including a pos. electrode and a neg. electrode connected to a device making it possible to control the potential of the one of the two electrodes, the material being laid out on the pos. electrode and the electrolytic solution including a 1st ionic liquid IL1. IL1 is formed by a 1st organic cation and a 1st selected inorganic anion among the group consisted the anions halides, dicyanamides and thiocyanates, and the electrolytic solution includes, also, a 2nd liquid ionic IL2 formed by a 2nd organic cation and a 2nd anion chosen among the group consisted anions T F SI-, FSI-, CFSO33-, FAP- and BOB-. The invention also refers to a process of Pt recovery contained in electrodes of combus tible battery which implements the preceding process. Keywords: recovery platinum electrodeposition electrolysis electrolyte ionic liquid available Substances (27) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 106 194 Multiscale modelling strategies and experimental insights for the solvation of cellulose and hemicellulose in ionic liquids By: Mohan, Mood ; Viswanath, Pasumarthi ; Banerjee, Tamal ; Goud, Vaibhav V. Molecular Physics (2018), 116(15-16), 2108-2128 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present study investigates the dissolution behavior of cellulose and hemicel lulose in potential ionic liquids (ILs) using both the quantum chem. and exptl. validation. For converging upon the recommended IL, 1428 ILs consisting of 42 cations and 34 anions were studied with the conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) model. Based on the infinite dilution activity coefficient of the components in I L, the selected anions and cations were visualised by observing their intera ctions with cellulose and hemicellulose using interaction energies, natural bonding orbital anal. and mol. dynamics simula tions. The dissolution order of cellulose and hemicellulose in ILs was primarily determined by the evaluation of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of anion and hydroxyl proton of cellulose/hemicellulose. From this discernible fact, the anion of the I L was observed to play a leading role in the solvation process as compared to the cation. Eventually, acetate [OAc]- anion and 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM]+ cation were found to be good candidates for the dissolution of cellulose and hemicel lulose. This was further confirmed by the measurement of solid- liquid equilibrium with cellulose and hemicel lulose. The regenerated cellulose powder was then charact erised by Fourier transform spectr oscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric anal. (TGA). Keywords: cellulose hemicellulose ionic liquid solvation mol dynamics simulation Substances (55) Reactions (0) Citing (22) 195 The Ideal Ionic Liquid Salt Bridge for Direct Determination of Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Single Ions, Part II: Evaluation of the Role of Ion Solvation and Ion Mobilities By: Ermantraut, Andreas; Radtke, Valentin; Gebel, Niklas; Himmel, Daniel; Koslowski, Thorsten; Leito, Ivo; Krossing, Ingo Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2018), 57(9), 2348-2352 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE An important intermediate goal to evaluate our concept for the assump tion-free determination of single-ion Gibbs transfer energies trG(i, S1S2) is presented. We executed the crucial steps (a) and (b) of the methodol., described in Part I of this treatise, exempl arily for Ag + and Cl- with S1 being water and S2 being acetonitrile. The experiments showed that virtually all parts of the liquid junction potentials (LJPs) at both ends of a salt bridge cancel, if the bridge electr olyte is an "ideal" ionic liquid , i.e., one with nearly identical diffusion of anion and cation. This ideality holds for [N2225]+[NTf2]- in the pure I L, but also in water and aceton itrile solution Electromotive force measurements of solvation cells between S1 and S2 demonstrated Nernstian behavior for Ag + concentration cells and constant like cell potentials for solutions with five tested Ag+ counterions. Keywords: ideal ionic liquid salt bridge Gibbs energy transfer ion; ionic liquids ; ions; liquid junction potential; solvent effects; thermodynamics Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (12) SciFinder Page 107 196 Redox active glyme-Li salt solvate ionic liquids based on tetrabromoferrate(III) By: Kemmizaki, Yuta; Tsutsumi, Hiromori; Ueno, Kazuhide Electrochemistry (Tokyo, Japan) (2018), 86(2), 46-51 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An equimolar mixture of oligoether solvents, glymes, and Li salt yields a new subclass of ionic liquids (ILs), referred to as solvate I Ls, when using an appropriate combination of glyme and Li salt. In this paper a triglyme- Li tetrabromoferrate complex [Li(G3)][Fe Br4] is prepared by combining a crysta lline glyme-Li salt complex, [Li(G3)]Br, and an iron(III) bromide Lewis acid, Fe Br3, to demons trate a solvate IL comprised entirely of complex ions. [Li(G3)][FeBr4] is characterized in terms of thermal properties, coordination structure, and transport properties. This study reveals that the m.p. of [Li (G3)][FeBr4] is lower than 100C and that highly dissoc iated complex ions, [Li(G3)]+ and [FeBr4]-, are present both in the molten state and in polar aceton itrile solutions [Li(G3)][FeBr4] is thus deemed a good solvate IL. The reversible redox property of the [Fe Br4]-/[FeBr4]2- couple is exploited for the catholytes of rechargeable lithium batteries. The catholyte based on this redox active solvate I L exhibits a highly reversible charge- discharge behavior. Keywords: triglyme lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide tetrabromoferrate ionic liquid Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 197 Supported ionic liquid H2PMo12O40-NMPIL@SiO2 as an efficient catalyst for alkylation of indoles with epoxides or alcohols under mild conditions By: Tan, Jin; Fang, Dong; Hu, Yu Lin Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society (2018), 62(1), 1-19 | Language: English, Database: CAplus 3-Alkylindoles have been prepared in 91 99% excellent yields by alkylation of indoles with epoxides or alcs. catalyzed by the recyclable heteropoly acid based supported functionalized ionic liquid H2PMo12O40-NMPIL@SiO2 under heterogeneous catalysis at room temperature The influence of various reaction parameters including catalyst selection, catalyst amount, reaction time, solvent, and reaction temperature were studied. The heterogeneous supported catalyst was easily recoverable by filtration, and could be used for six consecutive runs without signif icant loss in catalytic activity. This study demons trated a green and highly efficient chem. technol. in the preparation of 3-alkylindoles. Keywords: phosphorus molybdenum oxide indole epoxide liquid catalyst Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 108 198 Performance of SCAN density functional for a set of ionic liquid ion pairs By: Karu, Karl ; Misin, Maksim; Ers, Heigo; Sun, Jianwei; Ivanistsev, Vladislav International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (2018), 118(13), n/a | Language: English, Database: CAplus A review. Computational chem. is a powerful tool for the discovery of novel materials. In partic ular, it is used to simulate ionic liquids in search of electr olytes for electrochem. applications. Herein, the choice of the computa tional method is not trivial, as it has to be both efficient and accurate. D. functional theory methods with appropriate corrections for the systematic weaknesses can give precision close to that of the post-Hartree-Fock coupled cluster methods with a fraction of their cost. Thence, we have evaluated the performance of a recently developed nonemp irical strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) d. functional on electronic structure calculations of ionic liquid ion pairs. The perfor mance of SCAN and other popular functi onals (PB E, M06-L, B2PLYP) among with Grimme's dispersion correction and Boys- Bernardi basis set superposition error correction was compared to DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS. We show that S CAN reproduces coupled- cluster results for describing the employed dataset of 48 ion pairs. Keywords: ionic liquid ion pair S CAN density function performance review Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (6) 199 Imidozolium Ionic Liquids as Mobile Phase Additives in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Anions By: Zhang, Ya-nan; Yu, Hong Chromatographia (2017), 80(11), 1615-1622 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Analytical Methods available N anal. method was developed for the simultaneous determination of bromide, thiosulfate, thiocyanate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoroacetate and trifluoromethanesulfonate anions by reversed phase liquid chromatog. with indirect UV detection using imidaz olium ionic liquids as mobile phase additives. The effects of imidazolium ionic liquids , organic solvent, column temperature and detection wavelength on separation and detection of the anions were studied and the mechanism is discussed, in which imidaz olium ionic liquids acted as ion pair reagent and background U V absorption reagent of indirect UV detection. The suitable chromatog. conditions were methanol/0.5 mmol L-1 1-ethyl-3-Me imidazolium tetrafluoroborate aqueous solution (10/90, volume/ volume) as mobile phase, column temper ature of 35 and flow rate of 1.0 m L min-1. The successful separation of the six anions within 10 min was achieved and the symmetry of peaks was satisfactory. Under these condit ions, the detection limits of anions ranged from 0.02 to 0.52 mg L-1. Relative standard deviations for peak area and retention time were <0.24 and 0.46%, resp. The method was applied to the determination of ionic liquid samples synthesized by chem. laboratory The results were accurate and reliable, and could meet the requirements for quant. anal. Keywords: imidozolium ionic liquid mobile phase additive chromatog anion analysis; anion analysis reversed phase liquid chromatog Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (8) SciFinder Page 109 200 Method of electroless deposition of aluminum or aluminum alloy, an electroless plating composition, and an article including the same By: Martin, John H.; Kolodziejska, Joanna A.; Vajo, John J.; Graetz, Jason A.; Roper, Christopher S. United States, US9803283 B1 2017-10-31 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A method for electroless deposition of aluminum on a substrate includes: activating the substrate; providing an aluminum ionic liquid ; adding a reducing agent and an additive to the aluminum ionic liquid to form an electroless plating composition, wherein the additive may include a catalyst, an alloying element, or a combination thereof; and immersing the substrate in the electr oless plating composition to have an aluminum layer deposited on the substrate. An article includes the electr oless deposited aluminum layer. Keywords: electroless deposition aluminum alloy plating available Substances (34) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 201 Foamed gallium nitride and preparation method thereof By: Pan, Gebo; Qin, Shuangjiao; Peng, Fei; Chen, Xueqing China, CN107285798 A 2017-10-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to the tech. field of porous semi-conductor material preparation The title foamed gallium nitride comprises a gallium nitride skeleton and a plurality of pore chambers arranged in the skeleton and interpenetrating with each other. According to the present invention, the foamed gallium nitride can effectively improve the adhesive force to active substance, and increase the real contact area with active substances, so that the spumous gallium nitride has a preferable applic ation in optical electro-chem. The preparation is simple in process and easy to operate. Keywords: foamed gallium nitride available Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 110 202 Copper(II) Chloro Complex Formation Thermodynamics and Structure in Ionic Liquid , 1-Butyl-3Methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate By: Kanzaki, Ryo ; Uchida, Shuma; Kodamatani, Hitoshi; Tomiyasu, Takashi Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2017), 121(41), 9659-9665 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Metal ions in ionic liquids are laid under an unprecedented reaction field. In order to assess the reaction thermodn. of metal ions in such a situation, Cu2+-chloro complex formation was examined with spectro scopic and calori metric titrations in an ionic liquid , 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (C4mimTfO). In addition, the effect of the structure of the solvated complexes on the complexation mechanism was invest igated with the aid of DFT calculations Chloro complexation successively proceeded and finally provided a [CuCl4]2- species, which is also the final product in conventional mol. solvents. Their stability constants were comparable to those in mol. solvents. Interestingly, in spite of the charged solvent in the ionic liquid , the entropy profile of the complexation resembled that in the conven tional mol. liquids This indicates that the entropy gain of the released solvent species from the complexes is the main driving force of the chloro complexation in the ionic liquid In contrast, unlike the major mol. solvents, the total coordination number of Cu2+ is saturated to 4 in the ionic liquid , and the Cl- complexation tends to be accompanied by a 1: 1 exchange of the solvent TfO- from the complex. In addition, this ligand exchange was almost athermal. This possibly indicates that the coordination number is dominated by the electro static hindrance among the ligands including the solvent ions in the primary coordination sphere. Keywords: copper cation complexation chloride butylmethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid thermodn Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 203 Anomalous temperature dependence in the structural organization of charge alternation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids of various alkyl chain lengths By: Edson, D.; Pueblo, C.; Blodgett, M. E.; Kelton, K. F.; Mauro, N. A. Journal of Molecular Liquids (2017), 242, 807-811 | Language: English, Database: CAplus We report on trends observed in the X-ray static structure factor obtained for four homologous imidaz olium-based ionic liquids In a series of low-energy (laboratory) and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments, the temperature dependent structure was investigated in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations, with chain lengths of n = 4, 6, 8, and 10, paired with the trifluor omethylsulfonate (TF) anion. Interestingly, the charge alternation peak in the liquids displays an anomalous temperature evolution, increasing in amplitude as the temperature is raised. Anal. of the pair distri bution function (P DF) evolution with temperature for all compositions attributes the observed anomalous behavior to a specific distance in the liquid Extensive peak modeling of the structure factors confirms the anomaly for all compositions, which combined with the anal. of the temper ature of the PDFs, suggests that the entropic tendency to decohere strict charge alternation overcomes enthalpic tendencies in these liquids Keywords: imidazolium ionic liquid alkyl length charge alternation temperature dependence Substances (2) Reactions (0) Citing (5) SciFinder Page 111 204 Preparation method of phosphatidylserine for food By: Chen, Qing; Zeng, Juntang; Chen, Bing China, CN107142289 A 2017-09-08 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention discloses a preparation method of phosphatidylserine for food, which comprises the following steps: ultrasonic dispersing phospholipase D in ionic liquid ; adding soybean lecithin and serine; centrif ugation and washing. The method has the advantages of short reaction time and high efficiency. Keywords: preparation food phosphatidylserine available Substances (21) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 205 Role of different nanoparticulate cores on the thermal, mechanical and electrochemical cycling behaviour of nanoscale hybrid ionic fluids By: Deb, Debalina; Bhattacharya, Subhratanu Electrochimica Acta (2017), 245, 438-447 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Herein, two different nanoscale hybrid ionic fluids (NHIFs) were demonstrated as potential electrolytes for electrochem. cyclic applications. These N HIFs were prepared by tethering 1- ethyl-3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ionic liquids to the surfaces of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticulate cores by simple sol-gel process, resulting in a class of versatile, stable and high-performance gel like materials. Both the N HIFs are mech. compliant and thermally stable. The N HIFs show wide electrochem. stability window of 8 V that does not shrink with the increase of temper ature Also, the N HIF electrolytic cells containing planar steel electrodes show very good capacitance retentivity (>90%) and long term cyclic stability above room temper ature Relatively higher grafting d. of the ionic liquid chains to SiO2 nanoparticles as compared to Al2O3 nanoparticles enables the resp. NHIF to show better morphol. with superior thermal, mech., elec. and electr ochem. properties than its Al2O3 tethered analog. Results obtained from the study highlight the applicability of these hybrid ionic fluids as promising electr olytes in secondary charge storage devices, even at higher temperature Keywords: nanoparticulate core thermal mech electr ochem cycling hybrid ionic fluid Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (11) 206 Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of Ionic Liquids Features for CO2 Capture By: Grillo, Igor Barden; Einloft, Sandra; Seferin, Marcus Energy Procedia (2017), 114, 86-94 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The main goal of this work is to verify the possibility of the improving the process variables in C O2 capture process using ionic liquids as sorbent, by changing the anions and/or cation type of the Ionic liquids ANOVA models a PCA were performed for CO2 capture capacity, viscosity, melting degradation temperature and chem. inform ation of the ionic liquids The results shows that tunning of ionic liquids are statistically significant and the resultants insights could be used to predict new sorbents. Keywords: carbon dioxide capture ionic liquid statistical analysis Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (4) SciFinder Page 112 207 A robust modeling approach to predict the surface tension of ionic liquids By: Atashrouz, Saeid; Mirshekar, Hamed; Mohaddespour, Ahmad Journal of Molecular Liquids (2017), 236, 344-357 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The objective of the present study is to develop a math. model based on the least square support vector machine to predict the surface tension of ionic liquids (ILs). Mol. weight, reduced temper ature, reduced pressure, critical compress ibility factor and acentric factor are selected as input parameters and the surface tension is designated as the output parameter. An extensive database including 868 exptl. data points for surface tension of 61 ILs are considered to develop the LSSVM model which the adjustable parameters of the model are calculated by a genetic algorithm programming. The proposed model exhibits good accuracy with the average absolute relative deviation of 1.41, 1.74 and 1.54% for train set, test set, and total data, resp. The Leverage method is employed to check the validity of the model. The results show that the majority of data points are located in a standard error domain demonstrating statistical acceptability of the model and only 3.6% of data points are recognized as suspected data. To evaluate the effects of input parameters on the surface tension of ILs, a sensitivity anal. is performed. The results show that the critical compressibility factor of ILs with relative importance of 22.97% has the greatest effect on the surface tension of ionic liquids Finally, the effects of temperature and the total number of carbon in cation side alkyl chain on the surface tension are predicted by the proposed model. The model exhibits a monotonic decrease for surface tension with increasing temper ature Moreover, it well predicts the effects of the total number of carbon atoms in cation side alkyl chain on the surface tension. Keywords: ionic liquid surface tension simulation modeling Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (18) 208 Screening of ionic liquids for efficient extraction of methylxanthines using COSMO-RS methodology By: Jelinski, Tomasz; Cysewski, Piotr Chemical Engineering Research and Design (2017), 122, 176-183 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The COSMO-RS methodol. was used to perform a screening of ionic liquids as the most effective media for extraction of methylxa nthines from natural sources. The computa tional methodol. was validated based on the values of exptl. obtained extraction yields of caffeine from guarana seeds. A linear dependence between the extraction yields and computed thermodn. activity coefficients of caffeine was found. A total of 23 cations and 38 anions commonly used in ionic liquids were used in the studies comprising a total of 874 ionic liquids It was found that the ionic liquid based on the 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and tetra- Ph borate anion was responsible for the best extraction efficiency equal to 10.1 wt%, which is more than 50% higher than the best exptl. studied ionic liquid Furthermore, the effectiveness of recyclability of methylxanthines from the aqueous solutions of ionic liquids was modeled. It was found that the partition coefficient values of caffeine are a good qual. measure of re- extraction efficiency of the solvents. Since ionic liquids with high extraction efficiency have a strong affinity towards aqueous solutions, while those with high recyclability towards the organic phase it is indispensable to take both these steps into account when modeling the extraction process. Keywords: ionic liquid screening methylxanthine extraction COSMO RS methodol Substances (75) Reactions (0) Citing (13) SciFinder Page 113 209 Method for application of metal sulfide to lithium secondary battery positive electrode By: Li, Feng; Wang, Yuzuo; Shan, Xuyi; Wang, Dawei; Sun, Zhenhua; Cheng, Huiming China, CN106876708 A 2017-06-20 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention discloses a method for application of metal sulfide to lithium secondary battery pos. electrode, belonging to the tech. field of electrochem., including following steps: taking metal sulfide as active electrode material to make metal sulfide electrode; and adopting electrochem. charge injection method to adjust the metal sulfide electrode to make it have electr ochem. activity within 1.7-3.1 V (vs.Li/Li+), thus obtaining described lithium secondary battery pos. electrode. The described metal sulfide is molybdenum sulfide, cobalt sulfide, iron sulfide, copper sulfide and/or nickel sulfide. The present invention is adaptable to a variety of metal sulfides. The inventive process is simple, is compatible with existing process, and can be used to effectively simplify electrode material production and matching process, showing great application prospect. Keywords: metal sulfide lithium secondary battery cathode electrochem charge injection available Substances (30) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 210 Predictability of ionic liquid toxicity from a SAR study on different systematic levels of pathogenic bacteria By: Weyhing-Zerrer, Nadine; Gundolf, Tobias; Kalb, Roland; Ossmer, Rolf; Rossmanith, Peter; Mester, Patrick Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2017), 139, 394-403 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Ionic liquids (ILs), a new class of solvents with unique and tunable physic ochem. properties, were initially envisioned as working alternatives to traditional organic solvents. However, they have now proven to have a wide range of altern ative chem. and biochem. applications. Due to their increasing use, environ mental and toxicity concerns are growing, but resolu tions are hindered by the sheer number of possible variants. In order to assess and possibly predict IL-toxicity, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach was adopted using defined structural motifs. These included varied cationic alkyl side-chain lengths, cation lipophilicity and diverse anion effects. The predictive powers of such SARs in respect of antibacterial effects were compared using a total of 28 I Ls on six Gram-neg. and six Gram- pos. pathogenic bacteria. Endpoints were min. inhibitory (M IC) and min. bacter icidal concentrations (MBC). Results indicate that while certain limited IL-toxicity responses in bacteria can be predicted from S ARs, they caution that predic tions cannot be generalized across species. This study demons trates the complex species-specific nature of IL-toxicity and the current limitations of SAR predictability. Keywords: ionic liquid toxicity structure activity relationship pathogenic bacteria; Antimic robial activity; Bacteria; Ionic liquids ; SA R; Toxicity Substances (22) Reactions (0) Citing (22) SciFinder Page 114 211 Influence of anion structure on ion dynamics in polymer gel electrolytes composed of poly( ionic liquid ), ionic liquid and Li salt By: Brinkkoetter, Marc; Lozinskaya, Elena I.; Ponkratov, Denis O.; Vlasov, Petr S.; Rosenwinkel, Mark P.; Malyshkina, Inna A.; Vygodskii, Yakov; Shaplov, Alexander S.; Schoenhoff, Monika Electrochimica Acta (2017), 237, 237-247 | Language: English, Database: CAplus To study the influence of anion structure on phys. properties of electrolytes the authors used five different anions, (F SO2)2N (FSI, FS A), (CN)2N (DCA), (CF3SO2)2N (TFSI, TFSA), CF3SO3 (TfO) and (CF3SO2)N(CN) (TFSAM), and studied them in polyelectrolytes, ionic liquid (IL)/Li salt mixtures and in ternary ion gels (poly (ionic liquid )/ionic liquid /Li salt), resp. Both the poly (ionic liquid ) (PIL) poly (diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) and the ILs employed in the study have the same pyrroli dinium anion. To isolate solely the effect of the anion a common chloride precursor PIL was used to maintain constant the average d.p. (D Pn) and chain dispersity. The systems were analyzed in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochem. stability vs. Li+/Li, ion diffusion (multinuclear Pulsed Field Gradient NMR) and local lithium ion dynamics ( 7Li spin lattice relaxation rates). Concerning optimization of any of these parame ters, different orders of the anion series were obtained and discussed in terms of structural aspects and ion coordin ation. In partic ular, the coordination strength of the - CN group to the lithium ion is higher than the coordi nation strength of the oxygens of the - S O2CF3 fragment. As a result the lithium ion in the T FSAM samples is primarily coordinated by the - CN group. Detailed structure /property relation anal. demonstrated that for those applic ations of ion gels (capaci tors, sensors, etc.) where a high conduc tivity is a primary demand, while the electrochem. stability is not essential, the F SI anion will be the best choice. However, for energy storage systems such as Li metal batteries preferably TFSI but also TFSAM anions will represent the best compromise of relevant parame ters. Keywords: anion structure effect ion dynamic polymer gel electrolyte; ionic liquid monomer polymer lithium salt gel electr olyte Substances (30) Reactions (0) 212 Metal-containing ionic liquids and methods of preparing and using same By: Gin, Douglas L.; Kono, Yuki; Cowan, Matthew G.; Noble, Richard World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2017075242 A1 2017-05-04 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Citing (15) The invention includes room - temperature ionic liquids that are capable of reversibly binding oxygen gas ( O2). The invention further includes methods of preparing and using the compounds of the invention. The room - temperature ionic liquids of the invention have facile processibility and affinity to be impregnated into other supporting materials, and may be used in membrane fabrication and gas separation Keywords: metal containing ionic liquid reversibly binding oxygen gas available Substances (28) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 213 Lithium metal battery By: Kim, Jusik; Kim, Hyunseok; Ryu, Saebom; Park, Joungwon; Kang, Hyorang; Park, Dahye; Chang, Wonseok European Patent Organization, EP3151314 A1 2017-04-05 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 115 A lithium metal battery consists of lithium metal neg. electrode, pos. electrode, and liquid electrolyte between the lithium metal neg. electrode and the pos. electrode. The liquid electrolyte consists of an ionic liquid with a cation repres ented by the given formula and an anion, and an organic solvent, where X and R1 to R6 are as defined in the specifi cation. Keywords: lithium metal battery electrode liquid electrolyte available Substances (81) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 214 Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst and use By: Yu, Fengping; He, Wenjun; Zong, Hongyuan China, CN106391113 A 2017-02-15 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The immobilized ionic liquid catalyst has the following structural formula I: wherein, P is, nano gel resin matrix; n is integer of 2 to 12; M- is anion, selected from trifluoro methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfulonate, tetrafluoroborate or hexafluoro phosphate. The nano-gel resin matrix is nano gel-type copolymer obtained by in situ copolyme rization of styrene monomer, comonomer, graphene material. The immobilized ionic liquid catalyst can be used for industrial olefin acid addition to prepare the corresponding ester. Keywords: ionic liquid catalyst ester addition P N N n SO3 H + M- I available Substances (35) Reactions (6) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 116 215 Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst and its use By: Yu, Fengping; He, Wenjun; Zong, Hongyuan China, CN106391114 A 2017-02-15 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The immobilized ionic liquid catalyst has the following structural formula I, wherein, p is nano macroporous resin matrix; n is integer from 2 to 12; M- is anion, selected from triflate, p-toluenesulfonate, tosylate, methane sulfonate, tetraf luoro borate or cophosphate hexafluoride. The immobilized ionic liquid catalyst can be used in industrial acid addition to prepare the corresp onding ester. Keywords: ionic liquid catalyst ester addition P N+N n S O3 H M- I available Substances (37) Reactions (7) Citing (0) 216 Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst and its uses By: Yu, Fengping; He, Wenjun; Zong, Hongyuan China, CN106391115 A 2017-02-15 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The immobilized ionic liquid catalyst on nano macroporous resin matrix were synthesized, and anions in ionic liquids is selected from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonate, tosylate, methane sulfonate, tetraf luoro borate or co-phosphate hexaflu oride. The nano macroporous resin matrix is nano macroporous copolymer obtained by in situ copolyme rization of styrene monomer, comonomer, graphene materials and pore-forming agent. The immobi lized ionic liquid catalyst can be used for industrial olefin acid addition to prepare the corresponding ester. Keywords: ionic liquid macroporous resin catalyst esterification available Substances (36) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 217 Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst and its use By: Yu, Fengping; He, Wenjun; Zong, Hongyuan China, CN106391112 A 2017-02-15 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The immobilized ionic liquid catalysts on nano gel resin matrix were synthe sized, and anion in ionic liquids is selected from triflate, p-toluenesulfonate, tosylate, methane sulfonate, tetrafluo roborate or hexafluorophosphate. The immobilized ionic liquid catalyst can be used for industrial olefin acid addition preparation of the corresponding ester. Keywords: ionic liquid catalyst gel resin matrix esterification available Substances (38) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 117 218 Supported ionic liquid catalyst, its preparation and use By: Yu, Fengping; He, Wenjun; Zong, Hongyuan China, CN106391116 A 2017-02-15 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The supported ionic liquid catalyst has the following structural formula I, wherein, P is a matrix resin selected from polyal kylene ester, copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane or formaldehyde resin; n is integer of 2 to 12; M- is anion selected from triflate, p- toluenesulfonate, tosylate, methane sulfonate, tetraf luoro borate or hexafluoride phosphate. The supported ionic liquid catalyst can be used for industrial olefine acid addition to prepare the corresp onding esters. Keywords: ionic liquid catalyst addition esterification olefin available Substances (34) Reactions (2) Citing (0) 219 The QSPR models to predict the solubility of CO 2 in ionic liquids based on least-squares support vector machines and genetic algorithm-multi linear regression By: Mehraein, Iliad; Riahi, Siavash Journal of Molecular Liquids (2017), 225, 521-530 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Global warming is an issue of high concern which is mostly caused by growing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atm. Many novel technologies offer different solutions to decline carbon dioxide emissions to the enviro nment. Ionic liquids (ILs) are counted to be highly promising media for CO2 capture in the near future. Due to costly nature of ionic liquids and time consuming laboratory research procedures, modeling and prediction of solubility of CO2 based on the structure of I Ls are highly required. Some studies on this field demonstrate the relationship between the structure and the C O2 absorption capacity of ILs. One of the modeling approaches for stating this relationship is quant. structure-property relationship (QSPR). In this work, an efficient approach based on the combination of genetic algorithm-multi linear regression (G A-MLR) and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) was utilized to build a nonlinear Q SPR model. The nonlinear model can give very satisf actory prediction results: the square of correlation coefficient (R2) and the root mean square error (R MSE) were 0.962 and 0.015, resp. for the whole dataset. In addition, another QSPR model, multi-linear regression (MLR), was also implemented and R2 and RMSE were 0.876 and 0.027, resp. The results demonstrate that the LS-SVM model drastically enhances the ability of prediction in Q SPR studies and is superior to MLR one. Keywords: carbon dioxide solubility ionic liquid genetic algorithm multilinear regression Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (28) SciFinder 220 Ionic liquid electrolytes and electrochemical devices comprising same By: Grinstaff, Mark W.; Lin, Xinrong World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2017011759 A1 2017-01-19 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 118 The present disclosure provides novel ionic liquids with favorable thermal and electr ochem. properties. Also provided are devices incorporating the ionic liquids , such as Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolyte electrochem device available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 221 The A Priori Design and Selection of Ionic Liquids as Solvents for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients By: Kunov-Kruse, Andreas J.; Weber, Cameron C.; Rogers, Robin D.; Myerson, Allan S. Chemistry - A European Journal (2017), 23(23), 5498-5508 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE In this paper we derive a straightforward computational approach to predict the optimal ionic liquid (IL) solvent for a given compound, based on COSMO-RS calculations These calculations were performed on 18 different active pharmac eutical ingredients (APIs) using a matrix of 210 hypoth etical ILs. These results indicated that the 18 A PIs could be classified into three distinct categories based on their relative hydrogen bond donating or accepting ability, with similar optimal IL solvent predictions within each class. Informed by these results, a family of strongly hydrogen bond donating ILs based on the N-alkylguanidinium cation were prepared and characterized. The solubility of the APIs in each of these classes was found to be qual. consistent with the predic tions of the COSMO-RS model. The suitability of these novel guanid inium salts as crystallization solvents was demonstrated by the use of N-butylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide for the purifi cation of crude fenofibrate using dimethylsulfoxide as an antisolvent, which resulted in good yields and excellent purities. Finally, a simple descriptor based model is proposed to suggest the best IL solvent for arbitrary A PIs. Keywords: pharmaceutical solubilization ionic liquid design; COSMO-RS; IR spectroscopy; active pharmaceutical ingredients; designer solvents; ionic liquids Substances (60) Reactions (5) Citing (23) SciFinder Page 119 222 Ionic liquid -based non-aqueous electrolytes for nickel/metal hydride batteries By: Meng, Tiejun; Young, Kwo-Hsiung; Wong, Diana F.; Nei, Jean Batteries (Basel, Switzerland) (2017), 3(1), 4/1-4/13 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The voltage of an alk. electrolyte-based battery is often limited by the narrow electr ochem. stability window of water (1.23 V) . As an alternative to water, ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolyte has been shown to exhibit excellent proton conducting properties and a wide electrochem. stability window, and can be used in proton conducting batteries. In this study, we used I L/acid mixtures to replace the 30 wt % KOH aqueous electrolyte in nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries, and verified the proton conducting character of these mixtures through electrochem. charge/discharge experiments Dilution of ILs with acetic acid was found to effect ively increase proton conductivity By using 2 M acetic acid in 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, stable charge/discharge characteristics were obtained, including low charge/discharge overpotentials, a discharge voltage plateau at 1.2 V, a specific capacity of 161.9 m Ahg[sup]1, and a stable cycling perfor mance for an AB5 metal hydride anode with a (Ni, Co,Zn)(OH)2 cathode. Keywords: ionic liquid non aqueous electr olyte nickel metal hydride battery Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (22) 223 Performance of SCAN density functional for a set of ionic liquid ion pairs By: Karu, Karl; Misin, Maksim; Ers, Heigo; Suny, Jianwei; Ivanistsev, Vladislav arXiv.org, e-Print Archive, Physics (2017), 1-24 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Computational chem. is a powerful tool for the discovery of novel materials. In partic ular, it is used to simulate ionic liquids in search of electrolytes for electrochem- ical applications. Herein, the choice of the computa tional method is not trivial, as it has to be both efficient and accurate. D. functional theory (DFT) methods with approp riate corrections for the systematic weaknesses can give precision close to that of the post-Hartree-Fock coupled cluster methods with a fraction of their cost. Thence, we have evaluated the performance of a recently developed non- empirical Strongly Con- strained and Appropr iately Normed (SCAN) d. functional on electronic structure calculations of ionic liquid ion pairs. The perfor mance of SCAN and other popu- lar functi onals (P BE, M06-L, B2PLYP) among with Grimme's dispersion correction and Boys- Bernardi basis set superposition error correction was compared to DLPNO- CCSD(T)/CBS. We show that S CAN reproduces coupled- cluster results for describing the employed dataset of 48 ion pairs. Keywords: ionic liquid ion pair electronic structure density functional theory Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 120 224 Prediction and screening of solubility of pharmaceuticals in single- and mixed- ionic liquids using COSMO-SAC model By: Lee, Bong-Seop; Lin, Shiang-Tai AIChE Journal (2017), 63(7), 3096-3104 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this work, we investigated the prediction of solubility (xd) of drug mols. in single- and mixed- ionic liquid (IL) solutions using the C OSMO-SAC activity coefficient model. In particular, the effect of dissoc iation of IL on solubility is examined The prediction accuracy is found to be 91% in xd (root-mean-square deviation in ln xd is 0.65) for a total of 442 data points with solubility ranging from 0.93 to 2.84 10-4 (mole fraction) and temper ature ranging from 248.9 to 488.3 K. The solubility of drug is found not sensitive to the treatment of dissociation of IL in the calculations The method is used to determine the solubility of parace tamol in 2624 single I L made from combination of 82 cations and 32 anions. The solubility of parace tamol can vary by 4 orders of magnitude in different I Ls, indicating that this is a powerful method for screening for solvents with desired solubility power. The solubility of a drug in binary IL solution can be significantly higher or lower than those in pure I L components. For the 3441,376 binary IL mixtures, about 8% of the mixtures exhibit higher solubility for paracetamol and 6% exhibit lower solubility Our results indicate that mixing I Ls can be a viable approach for tuning drug solubility 2016 American Institute of Chem. Engineers AIChE J, 2016. Keywords: screening solubility pharmaceutical ionic liquid COSMO SAC model Substances (123) Reactions (0) Citing (23) 225 Wide temperature range ultracapacitor By: Brambilla, Nicolo Michele; Martini, Fabrizio World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2016204820 A2 2016-12-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Elec. double layer capacitor devices are presented. The devices are suitable for operation at wide temperature ranges. The capacitor features a solid state electrolyte that includes an ionic liquid doped polymer matrix. Keywords: ultracapacitor solid state electr olyte ionic liquid polymer matrix available Substances (50) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 226 Chemical and Radiation Stability of Ionic Liquids : A Computational Screening Study By: Ilawe, Niranjan V.; Fu, Jia; Ramanathan, Shriram; Wong, Bryan M. ; Wu, Jianzhong Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2016), 120(49), 27757-27767 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 121 Using a variety of d. functional theory (DFT) methods, we present a systematic computa tional screening effort to analyze the chem. and radiation stability for a large number of anions and cations that constitute room - temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs ). We compute various electronic properties such as the HOMO-LUMO gap, the ionization potential, and the electron affinities for a large library of ions (42 cations and 42 anions). The theor. anal. provides the most compreh ensive characterization of the chem. and radiation stability of individual ions in RTILs to date. Our calculations reveal that cation stability is closely related to consti tuent alkyl chain length and branching, whereas the anion stability is mostly dictated by ion size and electronegativity. Furthermore, these calculations show that the B97XD functional is the most internally consistent for predicting the chem. and radiation stability. These calculations establish a chem. stability database and a theor. procedure for further exptl. and computa tional studies of RTI Ls . Keywords: chem radiation stability ionic liquid Substances (84) Reactions (0) Citing (45) 227 Aluminum secondary battery with nonaqueous electrolyte containing aluminum complex and ionic liquid By: Ida, Kazuhiko; Umeda, Yuki Japan, JP2016213101 A 2016-12-15 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title battery is equipped with an anode, a cathode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing an Al complex ion or an Al complex and an ionic liquid , and being controlled to moisture 1000 ppm. The ionic liquid may be represented by the formula R 1AR2R3R4Y or R5R6A:R7Y (A = N or P; R 1-R7 = hydrocarbyl; Y is a counter anion) . The battery prevents corrosion. Keywords: aluminum secondary battery nonaqueous electrolyte aluminum complex ionic liquid available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 122 228 Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopic investigation of the interactions of ionic liquids and catalase By: Dong, Xing; Fan, Yunchang; Yang, Peng; Kong, Jichuan; Li, Dandan; Miao, Juan; Hua, Shaofeng; Hu, Chaobing Applied Spectroscopy (2016), 70(11), 1851-1860 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The inhibitory effects of nine ionic liquids (ILs) on the catalase activity were invest igated using fluorescence, absorption UV-visible spectroscopy. The interactions of ILs and catalase on the mol. level were studied. The exptl. results indicated that I Ls could inhibit the catalase activity and their inhibitory abilities depended on their chem. structures. Fluorescence experiments showed that hydrogen bonding played an important role in the interaction process. The inhibitory abilities of ILs on catalase activity could be simply described by their hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding abilities. Unexpected less inhibitory effects of trifluoro methanes ulfonate (TfO-) might be ascribed to its larger size, which makes it difficult to go through the substrate channel of catalase to the active site. Keywords: ionic liquid catalase activity fluorescence UV visible spectra; ILs; Ionic liquids ; catalase; fluore scence spectroscopy; hydrogen bonding; hydrophobicity Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (10) 229 Lithium-ion secondary battery using electrolyte solution containing ionic liquid By: Nishimura, Takuya; Lin, Xiaocun Japan, JP2016189239 A 2016-11-04 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title battery is equipped with a cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte solution, wherein the electr olyte solution contains an ionic liquid and a Li salt, the separator has porosity 80- 98%, and the cathode has a mixture containing a cathode active material, conductive agent containing furnace black, and binder for coating on 1 surfaces of a first current collector for 1-20 mg/cm2. The battery has excellent large current characteristics. Keywords: furnace black cathode lithium ion secondary battery; separator porosity lithium ion secondary battery; electrolyte solution ionic liquid lithium ion secondary battery available Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 123 230 CO2 separation by supported ionic liquid membranes and prediction of separation performance By: Liu, Zhen ; Liu, Cheng; Li, Longfei; Qin, Wei; Xu, Airong International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (2016), 53, 79-84 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Four supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) were prepared by fixing ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyan amide ([BMIM][DCA]), acetate ([BMIM][AC]), trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIM][TfO]) and bis ((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BMI M][NTf2]), resp., in Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes and used for the separation of C O2/H2 and CO2/N2 gas mixtures D. function theory (DFT) calculations were performed to predict the complexation energy (EC) between the ILs and CO2, H2 and N2 mols. as well as the gas separation performance of their S ILMs. Exptl. results indicate that the gas permeation rate of the S ILMs increases with increasing temperature [BMIM][TfO] SILM showed the best separation perfor mance for CO2/H2 with permselectivity of 16.2 and CO2 permeability of 1966 Barrer at 40 C. [B MIM][AC] SILM showed the best separation efficiency for C O2/N2 with permselectivity of 21.8 and C O2 permeability of 520 Barrer at 30 C. The separation capacity of S ILMs for the CO2/H2 and CO2/N2 follows the increasing order of the Ec differences. Keywords: carbon dioxide ionic liquid membrane separation Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (30) 231 Precipitation separation processing method by ionic liquid for selectively extract separation of strontium of cesium from radioactive liquid waste By: Choi, Sang Jun; Oh, Won Jin; Choi, Jeong Won; Lee, Hyeon Gyu; Kwon, Su Min Korea, Republic of, KR1668956 B1 2016-10-25 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a precipitation separation method of cesium and/or strontium from an aqueous solution containing cesium and/or strontium and a composition for precipitation separation of cesium and/or strontium. The compos itions for precipitation separation of cesium or strontium of the present invention is charact erized by including an extraction that can form precipitate along with cesium ion or strontium ion and an anion of the ionic liquid ; and the ionic liquid of content and capable of forming a precipitate with the extraction agent of cesium ion or strontium ion and enable a cation exchange with cesium ion and strontium ion by the extraction agent. Therefore, the present invention has an effect of treatment cost and a reduction of generation waste with excellent recovery rate of precipitation high separation extract with excellent perfor mance to sep. cesium, strontium optionally. Keywords: separation processing ionic liquid strontium cesium radioactive liquid waste available Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 124 232 A new group-interaction contribution method to predict the thermal decomposition temperature of ionic liquids By: Mokadem, Khadra; Korichi, Mourad ; Tumba, Kaniki Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems (2016), 157, 189-195 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this study, a new approach based on group-interaction contribution (GIC) is proposed for predicting the thermal decompo sition temperature (Td) of ionic liquids (ILs). It was developed using a large database which consisted of 639 exptl. data points associated with a wide variety of cations and anions. The whole dataset was split randomly into a training set having 499 data points and a validation set with 140 data points. From average absolute relative deviation (%AARD) and correlation coefficient (R2) values calculated as 4.22% and 0.866 resp., it was concluded that the model was accurate enough for reliable predictions. More import antly, the new model accounts for isomers distinguishing, which represents an advantage over the conventional group contribution methods reported in the literature. Keywords: ionic liquid thermal decomposition temperature group interaction contribution method Substances (28) Reactions (0) 233 Contaminant removal using halometallate ionic liquid micro-emulsions By: Buchbinder, Avram M.; Towler, Gavin P.; Abrevaya, Hayim; Bhattacharyya, Alakananda World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2016161206 A1 2016-10-06 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Citing (9) A process for removing a contaminant from a hydrocarbon is described. A micro- emulsion is formed by contacting a lean ionic liquid , a co-solvent, a rich hydrocarbon containing the contaminant, and an optional surfactant. The micro-emulsion comprises a hydrocarbon component, which comprises the hydroc arbon, and an ionic liquid component which comprises the ionic liquid The co-solvent has a polarity greater than the polarity of the hydroc arbon. The ionic liquid is present in an amount of 0.05% to 40% of the micro-emulsion. A mixture is produced in a process zone containing the micro- emulsion. The lean hydrocarbon is recovered from the mixture Keywords: sulfur nitrogen contaminant halometallate ionic liquid micro emulsion extraction available Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 125 234 Optimal design of ionic liquids for thermal energy storage By: Mehrkesh, Amirhossein; Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Computers & Chemical Engineering (2016), 93, 402-412 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) are an emerging group of chems. which, with their tunable physic ochem. properties, exhibit promise for use as novel materials in many applications. Thermal (e.g. solar) energy storage (T ES) is one such area where they show potential to be thermally stable at high temperatures and store high amount of heat energy. A large number of I Ls, through the combination of different cations and anions, can be potentially synthesized thereby presenting a good platform for design. However, since it is not possible to study this large number of compounds exptl. it is necessary to use computational methods to evaluate them. In this article, we present a computer-aided framework to design task-specific ionic liquids (ILs), using structure-property models and optimization methods. Thermal energy storage d. (capacity) was used as a measure of the ability of an I L to store thermal (solar) energy. An hydroxyl functionalized imidazolium-based IL, [3-hydroxy-imidazolium]+[BF4] -, was found to be the optimal candidate with highest thermal energy storage capacity along with appropriate m.p. and decompo sition temperature Keywords: ionic liquid thermal energy storage Substances (43) Reactions (0) Citing (24) 235 Method of producing porous polymer film using ionic liquid and hydraulic pressure, and membrane including porous polymer film manufactured therefrom By: Kang, Sang Uk; Lee, Ung Gi Korea, Republic of, KR2016109391 A 2016-09-21 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a method of producing porous polymer film using ionic liquid and hydraulic pressure, and membrane including porous polymer film manufactured therefrom. The invention is charact erized by forming pores by hydraulic pressuretearing the polymer chain weakened by the ionic liquid with plasticizing effect. Keywords: production porous polymer film ionic liquid hydraulic pressure membrane available Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 126 236 Theoretical investigation on structural and physicochemical properties of some ionic liquids By: Ounissi, Ali; Benguerba, Yacine; Ouddai, Nadia Computational & Theoretical Chemistry (2016), 1092, 68-73 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Theor. studies were carried out using d. functional theory (DFT) method, including the explicit dispersion (functional B97 D), on a group of five Ionic liquids (ILs), selected based on their hardness. The results of all the theor. approaches show that there is no covalent bond between anion and cation of the ILs. The quantum theory of atoms in mols. (A IM) allowed us to confirm the existence of weak hydrogen bonds. The physicochem. properties were determined using the program Cosmotherm. A correlation between viscosity and the ILs Van der Waals energy was obtained. The distri bution of the electron d. displayed by "mol. electro static potential" (M EP) cards shows the effect of introd ucing the oxygen atom in MoEMIM. Keywords: ionic liquid bond energy electron density mol electro static potential Substances (23) Reactions (0) Citing (8) 237 Visible-Light Photolabile, Charge-Convertible Poly( ionic liquid ) for Light-degradable Films and CarbonBased Electronics By: Zhou, Tongtong; Lei, Yuan; Zhang, Hanzhi; Zhang, Ping; Yan, Casey; Zheng, Zijian; Chen, Yongming; Yu, You ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2016), 8(36), 23431-23436 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE We report for the first time an innovative visible-light photolabile poly(ionic liquid ) (VP-PIL). The as-prepared VP-PIL features low Tg (47 C), good thermal stability (Td 284 C) and solubility in ranges of polar solvents. Upon blue light irradi ation (452 nm), C-O bonds of picolinium units are photocleaved, and the charges of PILs are simultaneously converted from pos. to neg. Taking full advantages of these excellent properties of VP-PIL, a visible light degradable film for the first time is fabric ated. Moreover, to demonstrate its applications in electronics, we prepared high- quality VP-PIL-containing conductive ink for flexible interco nnects and graphene electrodes for supercapacitors. Keywords: polyionic liquid conductive ink photolabile flexible supercapacitor; degradable layer-by-layer films; flexible electr onics; picolinium ester; responsive poly(ionic liquid)s ; visible-light-based photochemistry Substances (13) Reactions (6) Citing (6) SciFinder Page 127 238 Prediction of refractive index of binary solutions consisting of ionic liquids and alcohols (methanol or ethanol or 1-propanol) using artificial neural network By: Soriano, Allan N.; Ornedo-Ramos, Karen Faith P.; Muriel, Carla Angela M.; Adornado, Adonis P.; Bungay, Vergel C.; Li, Meng-Hui Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (2016), 65, 83-90 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In recent years, a new class of solvent called ionic liquids had successfully demonstrated potential applications in industrial chem. and chem. technol. due to its desirable properties. To this end, underst anding their physico- chem. properties is of high importance. The current study presents a model for predicting the refractive index of binary ionic liquid system containing alc. (methanol or ethanol or 1-propanol) using the artificial neural network (A NN) algorithm. The refractive index data were correlated as function of temperature, mole fraction, number of carbon atoms in the cation, number of atoms in the anion, number of hydrogen atoms in the anion and number of carbon atoms in the alc. Refractive index data from ThermoIL Database were used. Using A NN, a total of 752 data points were used in the calculation and to obtain the optimum neural network parame ters. The 6-6-9-1 neural network architecture was found to be the best network using two hidden layers as shown by mean absolute error of 0.00783 and an overall average percentage error of 0.55%. The obtained correlation satisfactorily represents the exptl. refractive index data and can be reliably used to predict the refractive index of other binary systems containing the considered cation and anions and the studied alcs. Keywords: IL methanol ethanol propanol binary solution refractive index A NN Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (8) 239 Properties of protic ionic liquids composed of N-alkyl (= hexyl, octyl and 2-ethylhexyl) ethylenediaminum cations with trifluoromethanesulfonate and trifluoroacetate anion By: Er, Hua; Wang, Hui Journal of Molecular Liquids (2016), 220, 649-656 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Protic ionic liquids (PILs) composed of N-alkyl (= hexyl, octyl and 2- ethylhexyl) ethylenediaminum cation with trifluoro methanes ulfonate (TFS) or trifluoroacetate (TFA) anion such as HOct(TFA), HEtHex(TFA), HHex(TFS), HOct(TFS) and HEtHex (TFS) were newly synthesized and HHex(TFA) was synthesized according to the method from a litera ture. Among them, H Hex(TFA), HEtHex(TFA) and HEtHex (TFS) are room temperature ionic liquids The PILs with TFS exhibit more thermo stable than the PILs with TFA and their decomposition temperatures are about 250 C and 150 C, resp. The phys. properties such as d., viscosity and elec. conduc tivity of the PILs were studied in the temper ature range of (293.15 to 353.15) K. Temper ature dependence of the viscosity and the conduc tivity was discussed using the Arrhenius equation. The relati onship between the molar conductivity and the fluidity was described on the basis of the Walden rule. The results show that the PILs with TFS have a larger ionic mobility compared to the P ILs with TFA. Keywords: alkyl hexyl octyl ethylhexyl ethylenediaminum trifluoromethanesulfonate trifluoroacetate PIL property Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (13) SciFinder Page 128 240 Lithium-ion secondary battery By: Nishimura, Takuya; Aotani, Shoji Japan, JP2016149189 A 2016-08-18 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The invention provides a lithium-ion secondary battery having good output characte ristics, and showing high safety even at the time of abuse. The lithium-ion secondary battery is provided with a pos. electrode having a pos. electrode current collector, a P TC layer disposed on the pos. electrode current collector, and a pos. electrode active material layer provided on the PTC layer, and an electrolyte having an ionic liquid dissolving a lithium salt. Keywords: lithium ion secondary battery cathode ionic liquid electrolyte available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 241 A systematic visual methodology to design ionic liquids and ionic liquid mixtures: Green solvent alternative for carbon capture By: Chong, Fah Keen; Eljack, Fadwa T.; Atilhan, Mert; Foo, Dominic C. Y.; Chemmangattuvalappil, Nishanth G. Computers & Chemical Engineering (2016), 91, 219-232 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) have gained great interest recently to substitute volatile organic compounds (V OCs), since their properties can be tuned to match certain targets and applications. Further to this, another possib ility to optimize ILs for their specific applic ation is through IL mixtures In this work, an insightful and yet simple systematic approach to design pure I Ls and their mixtures is presented. This newly presented approach allows the visualisation of IL mixture design problem, and hence provides insights and allows users to solve the problem visually. The visualisation of problem and solutions is achieved by applying property integr ation framework in this proposed methodol. In property integration framework, IL products design problem is mapped from property domain into cluster domain through property clustering technique. Therefore, the proposed methodol. provides a property based platform to visualise the overall performance of the designed IL products with graphical tools. A feasible I L product is always designed to fit a purpose based on consideration of multiple target proper ties, but these properties can be contrad icting one another. The presented approach allows multiple target properties consideration during the design process, by portraying these properties and target of each clearly on a single graphical tool. To date, the study of properties of pure ILs and IL mixtures is still in the infant phase, and these data are still scarce. Hence, some of the prediction models do not cover all available ILs. To overcome this problem, the proposed approach is developed to adapt property data of pure ILs directly, together with existing property prediction models to predict the properties of the designed IL mixtures The presented approach is able to generate a list of potential solutions to users, and the final decision can be made by users accordingly, through further screening and exptl. valida tions. An illustrative case study, which focuses on the design of carbon capture solvents, is solved to demons trate the proposed approach. Keywords: IL mixture Green solvent carbon capture systematic visual methodol Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (15) SciFinder Page 129 242 High-temperature composite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell and method for preparing. By: Lin, Bencai; Li, Xingxing; Ding, Jianning; Chu, Fuqiang; Yuan, Ningyi; Qiao, Gang China, CN105826585 A 2016-08-03 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a method for fuel battery high-temperature composite proton exchange membrane and prepar ation method thereof. It comprises the following steps: (a) the soluble polybenzi midazole or its derivative dissolving in solvent to prepare solution, adding imidazolium ionic liquids surface modification graphene oxide, dispersing to obtain a mixture; polybenzimidazoleand ionic liquid and imidazolium ionic liquids surface modification graphene oxide at the mass ratio is 99- 65: 1-35, imidazolium ionic liquids surface modification graphene oxide formula on pg 1: wherein, X is H SO4, H2PO4 or CF3SO3, R is H, Me, Et, iso-Pr or phenyl; (b) pouring the mixture into a template in 70- 120 C to form film, cooling to room temper ature, demolding to obtain composite film; (c) the composite film at 60-80 C in proton imidaz olium type ionic liquid for immersion 10-30 h. The solvent is DMSO, N, N- dimethyl-carboxamide, N- methylpyrrolidone or N, N- dimethyla cetamide. Inhibit the proton type ionic liquid leakage, improve the performance of proton exchange membrane. Keywords: high temperature composite proton exchange membrane fuel cell prepar ation available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 243 Temperature-independent formation of Au nanoparticles in ionic liquids by arc plasma deposition By: Hatakeyama, Yoshikiyo; Kimura, Satoshi; Kameyama, Tatsuya; Agawa, Yoshiaki; Tanaka, Hiroyuki; Judai, Ken; Torimoto, Tsukasa; Nishikawa, Keiko Chemical Physics Letters (2016), 658, 188-191 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An effective preparation method of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is presented, wherein an arc plasma deposition technique is combined with ionic liquids (ILs) used as capture media. This method requires no chem. reaction. By selecting I Ls, size-controlled Au NPs are produced easily and on a massive scale. Keywords: gold nanoparticle ionic liquid arc plasma deposition temperature Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (7) SciFinder Page 130 244 Nano-carbon catalytic system using ionic liquids as medium and its preparation method and application By: Su, Dangsheng; Ding, Yuxiao China, CN105642350 A 2016-06-08 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The catalyst system comprises a nano-carbon material skeleton, an ionic liquid layer and a metal catalyst. The ionic liquid layer is coated on the surface of the nano-carbon material, and the metal catalyst is uniformly dispersed in the inner layer of the ionic liquid The catalyst system is prepared through dissolving the catalyst in the ionic liquid , dispersing the nano-carbon material skeleton in the ionic liquid solution, adjusting the surface ionic liquid layer thickness to obtain a heterog eneous monodispersed catalyst system using the ionic liquid as medium. The catalyst system of the present invention can be in a sufficient contact with the reaction substrate in the reaction process; the presence of the ionic liquid can greatly improve the transfo rmation time. The present invention has very important theor. and practical significance in the application of a homogeneous catalyst in the heterog eneous catalysis applic ation field. Keywords: nanocarbon particle ionic liquid solvent metal catalyst available Substances (22) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 245 Purification container and purification method By: Park, Yong Seok Korea, Republic of, KR2016063505 A 2016-06-07 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Purification container of the invention includes a body having a hollow structure, a case including filters combined detachably to the body, a 1st cap combined on 1 side of the body, and a 2nd cap combined on the other side of the body. The 1st cap includes coupling unit including a 1st material and a heat transfer unit including a 2nd material with a higher thermal conductivity than the 1st material. Keywords: purifier container crystallizer organic liquid crystal available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 131 246 Preparation method of porous polyionic liquid catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel By: Guan, Guofeng; Wan, Hui; Wu, Zuowang; Chen, Chong; Wang, Lei China, CN105618149 A 2016-06-01 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title liquid catalyst is prepared by (1) mixing anhydrous ferric chloride, trisodium citrate dihydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate and ethylene glycol at molar ratio of 1:0.4-0.6:0.6-0.9:80-100, stirring, performing hydrothermal reaction at 180-220C for 8- 16 h, separating, washing, drying to obtain nanometer ferrif errous oxide particles; dispersing in ethanol, adding ammonia water, stirring, adding -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS), reacting at 30- 50C for 24- 72 h, magnetic separating, washing, and drying to obtain C=C modified magnetic material ferriferrous oxide@MPS; (2) dispersing in ethanol, adding ionic liquid monomer and azobisisobutyronitrile, reacting at 60- 90C for 24- 36 h; magnetic separating, washing, drying to obtain polyionic liquid hybrid material ferriferrous oxide@PIL; dispersing in hydrochloric acid-ethanol solution, ultrasonic treating at 100- 300 W for 1- 3 h, separa ting, washing, and drying; wherein, ionic liquid includes cation liquid (1-vinyl-3-propyl-sulfonate imidazole or 1- vinyl-3-butylsulfonate imidazole) and anion (chloride ion, bromide ion, etc.) . The liquid catalyst can be used for synthe sizing biodiesel from oleic acid and alcs. (methanol, ethanol, etc.). The liquid catalyst has large sp. surface area, high active site d., good catalytic activity, chem. stability and selectivity, easy recycle, and no flammability. Keywords: porous polyionic liquid catalyst biodiesel available Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 247 A method for improving resistance to coking of a lubricating composition By: Goujon, Gerard; Severac, Florence; Faye, Djibril France, FR3028523 A1 2016-05-20 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a lubrication method which comprises a step of lubric ation of a machine, such as an engine, a turbine, or a conveying line with a chain lubricating composition, wherein the lubricant composition includes, by mass relative to the total mass of the aforesaid lubricating composition, from 20% to 100% of one or of a mixture of several ionic liquids comprising a C+ cation and an anion A, and whereby the initial temper ature of deposition (TDD) in a thin layer, M CT, determined by the standard GFC Lu-27-A-13 version 2 method, of the aforesaid or the mixture of ionic liquids being at least equal to 294C. Said lubricant composition is able to reduce the deposits formed in said machine. Keywords: lubricating oil additive machine coking deposition resistance ionic liquid available Substances (78) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 248 Neutron detector with interblended liquid scintillator By: Sahu, Saroj Kumar; Eldershaw, Craig; Sheridan, Martin United States, US20160139280 A1 2016-05-19 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 132 A neutron detector that utilizes cells in which a liquid scintillator is contained in elongated detector tubes, with photo- detectors disposed at each end of the tube to measure scintillation light generated by incident neutrons. The liquid scintillator is an interb lended mixture including an ionic liquid blended with a scintil lation enhancer and/or a moderator and/or a controlled optical attenuator. A longit udinal position of an incident neutron is determined by the magnitudes of the scintil lation light portions arriving at each photo-detector, which are proportional to the distances between the neutron intera ction point and the photo- detectors. The cells are arranged in a closely-spaced parallel planar array to facilitate determining incident neutron location in two dimens ions. A detector system utilizes a first detector array to detect fast neutrons, a therma lizer (e.g., polyethylene) to convert fast incident neutrons to thermal neutrons, and a second detector array to detect the thermal neutrons. Keywords: neutron detector liquid scintillator ionic salts lithium boron available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 249 Ionic liquid functional snow shaped anisotropic composite material and preparation method and application thereof By: Meng, Qingbo; Feng, Tianyang; Yang, Peng; Liang, Fuxin; Yang, Zhenzhong; Song, Ximing China, CN105536639 A 2016-05-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus A ionic liquid functional snow shaped anisot ropic composite material is prepared as follows: dispersing polyst yrene hollow spheres into water, regulating pH value, stirring to form a seed emulsion; dispersing 3- Me Pr trimethoxy silane, potassium persulfate aqueous solution and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into water by ultrasound, forming monomer emulsion, dropwise added to the seed emulsion, after reaction, obtaining Janus Snowman shaped composite particles by centrifugation, washing and drying, ultrasonic dispersion in ethanol, adjusting pH value, adding imidazolinyl triethoxy silane, reflux reaction, centri fugal, washing precipitation, drying, obtaining imidaz oline based modification of Janus Snowman shaped composite particles. The ionic liquid functional snow shaped anisot ropic composite material can be used in the prepar ation of Pickering emulsion. The composite material has the characteristics of mass produc tion, solvent resistance, and can be modified. Keywords: ionic liquid snowman shaped composite material Pickering emulsion prepar ation available Substances (22) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 133 250 Ionic liquid composition for decomposing creosote oil and treatment method of waste sleeper using thereof By: Park, Sang Yong Korea, Republic of, KR2016047956 A 2016-05-03 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The invention relates to the ionic liquid composition for easily recycling at room temper ature, and excellent with the treatment efficiency of the creosote oil including at least one or more cationic component, and at least one or more anionic component. It also relates to the method for processing to enable the recycling of waste sleeper by immersing the waste sleeper in the ionic liquid composition at the room temper ature Keywords: ionic liquid composition decomposing creosote oil treatment waste sleeper available Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 251 Effects of interionic interactions in 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids on the electronic structure of metal sites in solid catalysts with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) By: Babucci, Melike; Uzun, Alper Journal of Molecular Liquids (2016), 216, 293-297 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Well-defined -Al2O3-supported Ir(CO)2 complexes were coated with various 1, 3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) to elucidate the ligand effect of ILs. Variations in electron d. of iridium sites when coated with I Ls were probed by the I R (IR) fingerprints of carbonyl ligands. Results presented here illustrate that IL layer strongly controls the electron d. of metal sites; and there is a strong correlation between the interionic interactions in ILs and the degree of electron donation to the metal. These results create opportu nities to tune the electronic structure of active metal sites by tailoring the structure of I L for optimum catalytic performance. Keywords: iridium carbonyl dialkylimidazolium ionic liquid electronic structure interionic intera ction Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (19) SciFinder Page 134 252 Designing ionic liquid solvents for carbon capture using property-based visual approach By: Chong, Fah Keen; Chemmangattuvalappil, Nishanth G. ; Eljack, Fadwa T.; Atilhan, Mert; Foo, Dominic C. Y. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2016), 18(4), 1177-1188 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been introduced as potential carbon dioxide (C O2)-capturing solvents, as a substitute to conven tional amine-based solvents. Conventional amine-based solvents that are used for C O2 capture show some drawbacks, such as high solvent loss, high regeneration energy requirement, and solvent degradation These shortcomings can be potentially overcome if ILbased solvents are considered. ILs have negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and wide range of thermo phys. properties. Nonetheless, using experimentation to identify suitable ILs as CO2-capturing solvents is a tedious and costly task, as there are more than a million possible combinations of cations and anions that make up the I Ls. Computer-aided tools have been previously developed for targeted IL design, which often involve non- linear programming. However, non-linear programming sometimes fails to converge, due to enlarged search space for optimal solution and its complex formulations. In this paper, the authors present a simple yet systematic visual approach to design IL solvents for carbon capture. Property integr ation framework is employed in this approach to systematically design IL, where the design problem can be mapped from the property domain into a cluster domain through clustering technique. The advantage of the visual approach is the ability to enumerate novel IL candidates. Group contri bution (GC) method is included in the framework to estimate the properties of designed I Ls. By combining property integr ation framework and GC method, the proposed approach is able to provide a property- based platform to visualise the performance of designed ILs on a ternary diagram. A case study is presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach. Keywords: ionic liquid solvent carbon capture mol design Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 253 Electrolyte additives for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries By: Amereller, Marius; Badillio Jimenez, Juan Pablo; Gallus, Dennis; Hoffmann, Bjoern; Kasnatscheew, Johannes; Kraft, Vadim; Reyes Jimenez, Antonia; Roeser, Stephan; Schmitz, Raphael Wilhelm; Streipert, Benjamin; et al World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2016055220 A1 2016-04-14 | Language: German, Database: CAplus This Li-based energy store comprises at least one composite electrode which has active material, and an electr olyte comprising a Li salt dissolved in an aprotic organic solvent, an ionic fluid and/or a polymer matrix, wherein - the electr olyte comprises an additive selected from a cation or a compound of a metal selected from the group comprising Mg, Al, Cu and/or Cr, and/or - a metal selected from the group comprising Mg, Al, Cu and/or Cr is applied onto the active material and/or the active material of the composite electrode, in particular composite cathode, is partially replaced by a metal selected from the group comprising Mg, Al, Cu and/or Cr as a metal powder or metal salt. Keywords: electrolyte additive lithium ion traction battery available Substances (34) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 135 254 Electrolyte additives for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries By: Reyes Jimenez, Antonia; Winter, Martin; Kasnatscheew, Johannes; Amereller, Marius; Schmitz, Raphael Wilhelm; Gallus, Dennis; Streipert, Benjamin; Hoffmann, Bjoern; Wagner, Ralf; Roeser, Stephan; et al Germany, DE102014220504 A1 2016-04-14 | Language: German, Database: CAplus This Li-based energy store comprises at least one composite electrode which has active material, and an electr olyte comprising a Li salt dissolved in an aprotic organic solvent, an ionic fluid and/or a polymer matrix, wherein - the electr olyte comprises an additive selected from a cation or a compound of a metal selected from the group comprising Mg, Al, Cu and/or Cr, and/or - a metal selected from the group comprising Mg, Al, Cu and/or Cr is applied onto the active material and/or the active material of the composite electrode, in particular composite cathode, is partially replaced by a metal selected from the group comprising Mg, Al, Cu and/or Cr as a metal powder or metal salt. Keywords: electrolyte additive lithium ion traction battery available Substances (34) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 255 Method for obtaining graphene through electrochemical exfoliation route By: Bischof, Alan Ben Hur; Santana dos Santos, Fabio; Garcia, Jarem Raul; Wohnrath, Karen; Ferreira, Rodolfo Thiago Brazil, BR102013019478 A2 2016-04-12 | Language: Portuguese, Database: CAplus The present invention provides a method for obtaining graphene through electrochem. exfoliation route with low cost carbon sources and low crystallinity. The graphite from exhausted batteries and/or scraps consists of three- dimensional arrangement. The starting materials are provided for the production of graphene, and consist of materials with high structural organization and cost. An industrial scale production of the material is done at extremely high cost. The graphene has remarkable properties such as high mech. strength, thermal conductivity, optical transparency, and elec. conduc tivity The graphene is put in a strategic position both for metallurgical area and in state- of-the-art electronics. The construction of smaller appliances is performed with greater efficiency and reduced energy consumption. Keywords: electrochem exfoliation route graphene available Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 136 256 Processes for recovering rare earth elements By: Hatchett, David W.; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.; Droessler, Janelle; Jayne, Karen D.; Kimble, Michael C.; Boutin, Kyle G. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2016054265 A1 2016-04-07 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A process for recovering a rare earth element. The process includes adding water and a nonaqueous acid to an ionic liquid , and dissolving an oxide of a 1st rare earth element directly into the ionic liquid to form an ionic solution comprising at least 0.1 weight percent water, the acid and an ion of the 1st rare earth element. The process further includes applying a potential to the ionic solution to deposit the 1st rare earth element onto an electrode as a metal. Keywords: rare earth element electrodeposition ionic liquid acid oxide dissolution available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 257 Solid organic electrolytes By: Krishnan, Sitaraman; Ganapatibhotla, Lalitha; Roy, Dipankar; Zheng, Jianping United States, US9293786 B1 2016-03-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Solid, or highly viscous, organic electrolytes consisting of alkylimidazolium cation with alkyl, P EGylated and fluorinated side chains of different mol. weights were synthesized and characterized (cf. chem. structures in Schemes 1 and 2) . The PEGylated/fluorinated imidazolium iodide is a solid organic electr olyte that has a conduc tivity of 2 10-5 S/cm at 30. The ionic conductivity could be significantly increased (1.11 10 -4 S/cm at 30. and S/cm at 2.88 10 -3 at 90.) by blending the P EGylated/fluorinated imidazolium iodide with another solid electrolyte, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EtMImI). The PEGylated imidazolium iodides synthesized in the present work have conductivities in the range 1.6 10 -4 S/cm to 2 10-4 S/cm at 30. and viscos ities in the range 620 c P to 720 cP at 30. The iodide counterion in the present electr olytes supplies the anion for the I-/I3- redox mediators for D SSCs. Therefore, the organic electrolytes of the present invention can be used even without the addition of inorganic salts such as Li I or K I. The addition of an organic solid electr olyte, EtMImI, resulted in an increase in the ionic conductivity of the PEGylated/fluorinated imidazolium iodides, whereas the addition of the inorganic Li I decreased ionic conductivity All the electrolytes are thermally stable until high temperatures (250. to 300.) . Keywords: solid organic electrolyte ionic liquid blend stability conduc tivity viscosity available Substances (33) Reactions (5) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 137 258 Interfacial infiltration quasi-solid alkali metal battery, battery electrode and battery preparation method By: Wang, Shaofei; Zhang, Shu; Wu, Jiaoyang; Li, Hong; Chen, Liquan China, CN105374980 A 2016-03-02 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title interfacial infiltration quasi-solid alkali metal battery, includes a pos. electrode layer, a neg. electrode layer and an electr olyte layer, wherein the electr olyte layer is a solid electr olyte layer, and the pos. electrode layer and/or the neg. electrode layer contain active material and interface infiltration additive. The interface infilt ration additive is liquid in the operating temperature range, and is capable of conducting ions, and infiltrating electrode active material and the solid electr olyte. The invention provides also provides electrode of the interfacial infiltration quasi-solid alkali metal battery and method for preparing the battery. Interf acial infiltration quasi-solid alkali metal battery of the present invention has high security and wide voltage window and can operate over a wide temperature range. Keywords: interfacial infiltration quasisolid alkali metal battery electrode available Substances (258) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 259 Electrolytic doping of non-electrolyte layers in printed batteries By: MacKenzie, John Devin; Ho, Christine Chihfan; Yogeeswaran, Karthik; Cheng, Po-Jen United States, US9276292 B1 2016-03-01 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An elec. cell or electrochem. cell consists of cathode layer, electr olyte layer, and anode layer. The cathode layer consists of first material providing cathodic elec. transport, charge storage or redox function. The electrolyte layer consists of polymer, the first electrolyte salt, and/or ionic liquid The anode layer consists of the second material providing anodic elec. transport, charge storage or redox function. The cathode and anode layers consist of the ionic liquid , second electrolyte salt, and/or transportenhancing additive. Keywords: printed battery cathode anode electrolyte available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder 260 Aluminum recovery process By: Reddy, Ramana G.; Zhang, Mingming United States, US9267214 B2 2016-02-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 138 Disclosed are processes and electrolytic cells that can be used to extract and thereby recover aluminum from aluminum- containing waste, including an aluminum dross that is suitable for disposal in a land-fill. The disclosed processes and cells use ionic liquids as an electrolyte. Keywords: aluminum extraction recovery waste dross electrolytic cell ionic liquid ; imidazolium ionic liquid electrolyte electrolytic cell aluminum recovery dross available Substances (67) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 261 Selection of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids for Vitamin E Extraction from Deodorizer Distillate By: Qin, Lei; Zhang, Jianan; Cheng, Hongye; Chen, Lifang; Qi, Zhiwen; Yuan, Weikang ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2016), 4(2), 583-590 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Deodorizer distillate as a byproduct of vegetable oil refining is an important source of natural vitamin E. Simple and green extraction can be employed to recover vitamin E from deodorizer distillate, and its perfor mance strongly relies on the solvent used in the process. In order to screen an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) as entrainer, a methodol. integrating theor. and exptl. evaluations was applied. ILs composed of 47 types of anions were first invest igated by COSMO-RS to figure out the most promising one, and the effect of the alkyl chain on the imidazolium ring was addressed by experiments The IL [C6MIm]Ac was finally determined as the most promising solvent with the selectivity of 108.23 and the partition coeffi cient of 8.182 for - tocopherol. The liquid - liquid equilibrium data and the extraction result for corn oil deodorizer distillate indicate its superior perfor mance for the extraction process dealing with a low concentration of vitamin E. Keywords: vitamin E extraction corn oil deodorizer distillate ionic liquid Substances (60) Reactions (0) Citing (31) SciFinder Page 139 262 Synthesis and characterization of protic ionic liquids as thermoelectrochemical materials By: Siddique, T. A.; Balamurugan, S.; Said, S. M.; Sairi, N. A.; Normazlan, W. M. D. W. RSC Advances (2016), 6(22), 18266-18278 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This unique work reports on the thermoelectrochem. potential of protic ionic liquid (PIL)-based electrolytes coupled with the I-/I3redox couple. Two series of protic ionic liquids based on secondary and/or tertiary ammonium cations with the trifluoro acetate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and tosylate anions were synthe sized for thermoelectrochem. cells. The complete study on PILs was carried out to determine the nature and efficiency for the generation of voltage through the electr ochem. effect. The investigation was executed in a temper ature range between room temper ature and 90 C. P ILs show lower thermal conduc tivity and good ionic conductivity which leads to the success of good thermo elec. materials. The outcome was pos. as our proposed PILs showed higher Se values of 420 V K-1 obtained for TEHA TFMS than the reported values of the same I -/I3- redox couple. The most favorable thermoelec. figure of merit value (949.46 10 -6) was achieved by B EHA TFMS. The power and the current output of the studied PILs are higher than those of some aprotic ionic liquids (AILs) reported. Keywords: protic ionic liquid thermoelectrochem material Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (30) 263 Asphaltene Separation with Designer Solvents for the Deasphaltenes Process-A Quantum Chemical Approach By: Rashid, Zeeshan; Wilfred, Cecilia Devi; Murugesan, Thanapalan Procedia Engineering (2016), 148, 268-274 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Significance of Ionic Liquids (ILs), designer solvents, on inhibiting the asphaltene deposition provided the alternative solution to the problem. In this work, 34 anions and 3 cations comprising of 102 combinations of ILs were investigated for a model asphaltene mol. via quantum solvation software tool COSMO-RS (Conductor like Screening for Real Solvents) . Validation is done by comparing literature values of activity coefficient at infinite dilution (I DAC) of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic in 3 I Ls with 111 data points at 3 sets of different temperatures Percent relative absolute average deviation (%R AAD) was found to be 10%. Thereafter IDAC values were predicted for model asphaltene compound in the cations and anions combinations for performance anal. It is found that smaller cation with sterically shielded large anion gave the large performance for removal of upgrading the asphal tenic crude oil. Keywords: asphaltene separation ionic liquid modeling Substances (47) Reactions (0) Citing (5) SciFinder Page 140 264 Improved performance of a conducting-bridge random access memory using ionic liquids By: Harada, A.; Yamaoka, H.; Tojo, S.; Watanabe, K.; Sakaguchi, A.; Kinoshita, K.; Kishida, S.; Fukaya, Y.; Matsumoto, K.; Hagiwara, R.; et al Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices (2016), 4(30), 7215-7222 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The conducting-bridge random access memory (CB-RAM) is a promising candidate for the next- generation memory. In this study, the addition effect of 18 types of ionic liquids (ILs) on the performances of the Cu/HfO2/Pt type CB-RAM has been investi gated; the switching voltage was lowered by supplying a trace amount of the IL to the HfO2 layer of the Cu/Hf O2/Pt cell. It was revealed that the ionic conductivity (i) of the IL and the coordinating ability () of the anion in the I L towards the copper (Cu) ion are key competing factors that determine the voltage required for the formation of the Cu filament (Vset); the increase in i and the decrease in are effective in enhancing the ionization and diffusion of the Cu atoms, resulting in the reduction of Vset. Therefore, among the tested ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([bmim][Tf2N]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimid azoliumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([emim][Tf2N]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([bmim][FSA]) , which have high i and low values were found to be the best additives for the Cu/Hf O2/Pt cell. On the other hand, reset was revealed to occur due to the rupture of the Cu filament by the thermal diffusion of the Cu atoms by Joule heat. Reducing Vset and making a thin filament are effective in reducing the reset voltages. We further traced the origin of the improved dispersion of the switching voltages by the addition of the Cu(Tf2N)2 doped [bmim][Tf2N] to the HfO2 film, which we recently reported. A compleximpedance measurement suggested that the addition of Cu doped IL involves two competing factors: the decline of the Cu ion diffusion and enhancement of the Cu ionization. The balance of these two factors determines the important parameters such as Vset and its dispersion. The performance of the CB-RAM can be optimized by the adjustment of the I L, considering the balance of the competing factors revealed by the present study. Keywords: ionic liquid conducting bridge random access memory Substances (44) Reactions (0) Citing (5) 265 Process for obtaining compounds useful for the production of biofuels starting from cellulose By: Bellussi, Giuseppe; De Angelis, Alberto Renato World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2015198267 A1 2015-12-30 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Glycerol and propylene glycol are manufactured from cellulose waste (especially derived from waste newspaper) by dissolving the cellulose in an organic ionic liquid , followed by catalytic hydroge nation, in which the organic ionic liquid is salts of teraalkyl ammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium, trialkylsulfonium, pyridinium, imidazolium, guanidinium, and cholinium cations, optionally in the presence of a strong mineral acid. The ionic liquid anions are selected from halides, hexafluoro phosphate, and trifluoro methanesulfonate. Catalytic hydrogenation is carried out over nickel supported on tungsten carbide, a Group V IIIB element supported on SBA-15, and Ru supported on WO3. Keywords: biofuel glycerol propylene glycol waste cellulose hydrogenation; ionic liquid waste paper cellulose hydrolysis hydroge nation biofuel available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 141 266 Semiconductor device, method of manufacturing the same, and electronic device including the same By: Kim, Unjeong; Shim, Youngseon; Park, Yeonsang; Lee, Changwon; Hwang, Sungwoo United States, US20150364472 A1 2015-12-17 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A semiconductor device, a method for manufac turing the same, and an electronic device including the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a first transistor and a second transi stor. The first transistor includes a first channel layer and a first ion gel. The second transistor includes a second channel layer and a second ion gel. The first channel layer and the second channel layer may include, for example, graphene. The first ion gel and the second ion gel include different ionic liquids The first ion gel and the second ion gel include different cations and/or different anions. One of the first transistor and the second transistor is a ptype transistor, and the other one is an n- type transistor. The combination of the first transistor and the second transistor consti tutes an inverter. Keywords: semiconductor device manufacturing method transistor inverter available Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 267 Charge storage mechanism of MnO2 cathodes in Zn/MnO2 batteries using ionic liquid -based gel polymer electrolytes By: Tafur, Juan P.; Abad, Jose; Roman, Elisa; Fernandez Romero, Antonio J. Electrochemistry Communications (2015), 60, 190-194 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Cathode reactions in Zn/MnO2 batteries using aqueous electr olytes have been usually interpreted by the reduction of Mn 4 + to Mn3 + while protons and/or cations penetrate inside the cathode. However, until now, the Mn O2 storage charge mechanism using a non-aqueous gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) has not been investi gated. In this work, ionic liquid -based GPEs including BMIM Tf and ZnTf2 have been employed in Zn/Mn O2 batteries. Different states of charge of Mn O2 cathodes used in Zn/I L-GPE/MnO2 batteries have been analyzed by XPS and EDX techniques. XPS anal. showed that Mn4 + is reduced during the discharge process at the same time as Zn2 + cations are incorp orated into the cathode. Besides, Zn 2 + cations insertion is accomp anied by triflate anions. Keywords: zinc manganese oxide battery ionic liquid GPE charge storage Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (38) SciFinder Page 142 268 Lithium-ion secondary batteries having excellent high-temperature storage stability with high voltage cathodes By: Onuma, Takamitsu; Kojima, Katsunori Japan, JP2015201336 A 2015-11-12 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a lithium-ion secondary battery having excellent storage stability with high voltage cathodes. The title lithium-ion battery comprises (1) a cathode having Li transition metal oxide cathode active material, (2) an anode, and (3) an electr olyte solution containing cyclic carbon ates, linear carbonate, and ionic liquid The electrolyte solution contains 0.5-10 mass% of ionic liquid and neg. electrode active material is lithium titanium composite oxide. Keywords: lithium ion secondary battery cathode storage high temperature stability available Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 269 Method for nickel electroplating in the printed circuit board by using ionic liquid By: He, Bo; Lin, Junxiu; Hu, Wencheng; Xu, Yushan China, CN105018975 A 2015-11-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The present invention discloses a method for nickel electroplating in the printed circuit by using ionic liquid with good quality, high yield and stable chem. properties of nickel electroplating. The method includes : using ionic liquid as the electrolyte, dissolving the nickel salt in the ionic liquid to prepare electroplating liquid , and using the to-be-plated region of printed circuit board as a cathode and nickel plate as the sacrificial anode, electroplating nickel layer on the printed circuit surface. The nickel salt is nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel phosphate or nickel perchlorate. According to the need, electroplating is carried out at different current densities and plating time to obtain the desired coating thickness. The present invention may be used in printed circuit board field. Keywords: nickel electroplating printed circuit ionic liquid available Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 270 Filter and method for producing same By: Paul, Manfred; Luka, Patrick World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2015150288 A1 2015-10-08 | Language: German, Database: CAplus Page 143 The invention relates to a filter for binding constituents of a gas stream, comprising a supporting member and a filter layer that is applied to the surfaces of the supporting member. According to the invention, the filter layer comprises the following components: (a) a component for phys. adsorbing constituents; (b) a component for chem. adsorbing constit uents; (c) a component for dissolving oil constituents, said component containing ionic liquids Keywords: filter gas purification supported adsorbent ionic liquid oil chemiso rption available Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 271 Air Filter By: Paul, Manfred; Luka, Patrick; Pommersheim, Rainer; Sweredjuk, Robert Germany, DE102014206081 A1 2015-10-01 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a filter for binding constituents of a gas stream, comprising a supporting member and a filter layer that is applied to the surfaces of the supporting member. According to the invention, the filter layer comprises the following components: (a) a component for phys. adsorbing constituents; (b) a component for chem. adsorbing constit uents; (c) a component for dissolving oil constituents, said component containing ionic liquids Keywords: filter gas purification supported adsorbent ionic liquid oil chemiso rption available Substances (17) Reaction (1) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 144 272 Desulfurization of Fuel Oil: Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents Study on Capacity of Ionic Liquids for Thiophene and Dibenzothiophene By: Gao, Shurong; Chen, Xiaochun; Abro, Rashid; Abdeltawab, Ahmed A.; Al-Deyab, Salem S.; Yu, Guangren Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2015), 54(38), 9421-9430 | Language: English, Database: CAplus To screen and use ionic liquids (ILs) as environmental-friendly extractive solvents in removing aromatic sulfur compounds (Scompounds) from fuel oils, the knowledge of their capacity for S- compounds (or solubility of S-compounds in ILs) is very important. In this work, the capacities of 1860 potential ILs (30 anions, 62 cations) for two represe ntative S-compounds of thiophene (T S) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) are calculated using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (C OSMO-RS). The influences of cation family, cation alkyl chain length, cation symmetry, anion nature, anion alkyl chain length, and functional group on the capacity are extensively discussed and are understood from microlevel view with - profile, -moments, and COSMO-RS energies. It is observed that the capacity is very dependent on cation and anion structure characteristics and is in a very wide range (e.g., 10 -3101 for TS, 10-3102 for DBT); the van der Waals (vd W) and hydrogen-bonding (HB) energies have significant effects on the capacity. Increasing the nonpolarity and vdW energies of cation or alkyl chain on anion, or the polarity and H B energies of anion, can favor the capacity. This work is valuable to rationally select or design the ILs for desulfurization of fuel oils. Keywords: fuel oil desulfurization ionic liquid MSPR QSPR; cation family ionic liquid petroleum desulfurization; anionic structure ionic liquid petroleum desulfurization Substances (94) Reactions (0) Citing (38) SciFinder 273 Physical Absorption Of CO2 in Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids : An Interaction Perspective By: Izgorodina, Ekaterina I.; Hodgson, Jennifer L.; Weis, Derick C.; Pas, Steven J.; MacFarlane, Douglas R. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2015), 119(35), 11748-11759 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Page 145 The phys. absorption of CO2 by protic and aprotic ionic liquids such as 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate was examined at the mol. level using symmetry adapted perturbation theory (S APT) and d. functional techniques through comparison of interaction energies of noncova lently bound complexes between the C O2 mol. and a series of ionic liquid ions and ion pairs. These energies were contrasted with those for complexes with model amines such as methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethy lamine. Detailed anal. of the five fundamental forces that are responsible for stabilization of the complexes is discussed. It was confirmed that the nature of the anion had a greater effect upon the phys. interaction energy in non functio nalized ionic liquids , with dispersion forces playing an important role in CO2 solubility Hydrogen bonding with protic cations was shown to impart addnl. stability to the noncovalently bound CO2IL complex through inductive forces. Two solvation models, the conductor- like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) and the universal solvation model (S MD), were used to estimate the impact of solvent effects on the C O2 binding. Both solvent models reduced interaction energies for all types of ions. These intera ction energies appeared to favor imidaz olium cations and carboxylic and sulfonic groups as well as bulky groups (e.g., N Tf2) in anions for the phys. absorption of C O2. The structure-reactivity relationships determined in this study may help in the optimi zation of the phys. absorption process by means of ionic liquids Keywords: carbon dioxide absorption solvation ion liquid pair Substances (31) Reactions (0) Citing (42) SciFinder Page 146 274 Proton Diffusivity in the Protic Ionic Liquid Triethylammonium Triflate Probed by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering By: Burankova, Tatsiana; Hempelmann, Rolf; Fossog, Verlaine; Ollivier, Jacques; Seydel, Tilo; Embs, Jan P. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2015), 119(33), 10643-10651 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) in combination with deuterium labeling allows for studying protonated "highli ghted" species and extracting detailed information about tangled stochastic processes. This approach has been applied to examine proton dynamics in the protic ionic liquid , triethylammonium triflate. The temperature range covered during the experi ments (2-440 K) included two melting transitions correspondingly reflected in the global and localized dynamics of the cation. To focus on the dynamics of the acidic proton, QENS spectra of the sample with the deuterated alkyl side chains were analyzed. The remaining hydrogen atom served as a tagged particle for investigating both global long- range motion of the cation and specific dynamics of the proton and, thus, provided insight into the transport properties of triethylammonium triflate, which is important for designing electrochem. devices. Keywords: proton diffusivity triethylammonium triflate quasielastic neutron scattering Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (18) SciFinder 275 Studies on the Reaction of Iron(II) with NO in a Noncoordinating Ionic Liquid By: Begel, Svetlana; Puchta, Ralph; Sutter, Joerg; Heinemann, Frank W.; Dahlenburg, Lutz; van Eldik, Rudi Inorganic Chemistry (2015), 54(14), 6763-6775 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Page 147 In an earlier study we investigated the reaction of iron(II) chloride with N O in a strongly coordi nating ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium dicyanamide [emim][dca] and showed that the actual reactive species in solution was [Fe II(dca)5Cl]4-. For the present report we investigated in detail how this reaction could proceed in a noncoord inating ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimi dazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate [emim][OTf]. The donor ability of O Tf- is much lower than that of dca -, such that the solubility of FeCl2 in [emim][OTf] strongly depended on other donors like water or chloride ions present or added to the ionic liquid On increasing the chloride concentration in [emim][OTf], the tetrachloridoferrate complex [emim]2[FeCl4] was formed, as verified by Xray crystallog. This complex undergoes reversible binding of N O, for which the UV-vis spectral characteristics of the green-brown nitrosyl product resembled that found for the corresponding nitrosyl complexes formed in water and [emim] [dca] as solvents. A detailed anal. of the spectra revealed that the {Fe-NO}7 species has FeII-NO character in contrast to Fe III-NO- as found for the other solvents. The formation constant, however, is much higher than in [emim][dca], lying closer to the value found for water as solvent. Surprisingly, the Mossbauer spectrum found in [emim] [OTf] is very unusual and unsimilar to that found in water and [emim] [dca] as solvents, pointing at a different electron d. distribution between Fe and N O in {Fe-NO}. First, the high isomer shift points to the presence of iron(II) species in solution, thus indicating that upon N O binding no oxidation to iron(III) occurs. Second, the negligible quadrupole splitting suggests a high local symmetry around the iron center. The nitrosyl product is suggested to be [FeIICl3NO]-, which is supported by ESR (EPR) and IR measurements. The nature of the Fe(II) complexes formed in [emim] [OTf] depends on the additives required to dissolve FeCl2 in this ionic liquid Keywords: reaction ferrous ion nitric oxide noncoordinating ionic liquid Substances (11) Reactions (3) Citing (19) SciFinder Page 148 276 Sensing electrode of enzyme-based sensor and method for manufacturing the same By: Chang, Jeng-Kuei; Wu, Jia-Wun; Lee, Sheng-Wei; Wang, Chueh-Han; Wang, Yi-Chen United States, US20150198556 A1 2015-07-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a sensing electrode of an enzyme-based sensor. This enzyme-based sensor can be stably stored at room temperature The sensing electrode comprises: an electrode substrate and an enzyme sensing layer formed thereon, wherein the enzyme sensing layer comprises sequentially laminated layers of: a first carbon material- nano metal layer containing a carbon material and nano-metal particles; an ionic liquid layer comprising an ionic liquid consisting of a cation and an anion; a second carbon material-nano metal layer containing a carbon material and nano- metal particles; and an enzyme layer. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the sensing electrode of an enzyme-based sensor. Glucose sensing electrodes were prepared that contained a layer of graphene-gold nanoparticle composite, an ionic liquid layer of N-butyl-N-Me pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl imide (BMPTFSI), another layer of graphene-gold nanoparticle composite, and a layer of glucose oxidase. The ionic liquid layer gave the sensor better reversi bility, sensitivity, and detection limits. Keywords: sensing electrode enzyme sensor ionic liquid laminate carbon nanometal; glucose sensor electrode carbon nanogold composite laminate ionic liquid available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 277 Polymer electrolyte membranes and process for the production thereof By: Nair, Jijeesh Ravi; Gerbaldi, Claudio; Porcarelli, Luca; Bella, Federico; Doberdo, Italo; Bodoardo, Silvia; Penazzi, Nerino; Capiglia, Claudio World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2015104727 A1 2015-07-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The process for the production of a polymer electrolyte membrane, comprises the successive steps of: preparing a mixed solution of a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid ( RTIL ), at least one alk. metal salt and a photose nsitive H abstracting component at a temperature in the range 20 - 70, wherein the RTIL is a compound consisting of at least one organic cation and at least one organic or inorganic anion; adding to the solution a polymeric material at a temperature at 20 - 70; blending the solution added with the polymeric material at a temperature at 70 - 140 to get a uniform mixture; pressing the mixture between two sheets at a temperature at 60 - 150 and a pressure at 20 - 80 bar, so that a film is formed; and exposing the film to U V light, so that the polymeric material of the film is cross-linked and the polymer electrolyte membrane was obtained. Keywords: polymer electrolyte fuel cell ionic liquid available Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 149 278 Advanced electrolytes for high temperature energy storage device By: Brambilla, Nicolo Michele; Martini, Fabrizio; Cooley, John J.; Signorelli, Riccardo; Henricksen, Kyle World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2015102716 A2 2015-07-09 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An ultracapacitor that includes an energy storage cell immersed in an electr olyte and disposed within an hermet ically sealed housing, the cell elec. coupled to a pos. contact and a neg. contact, wherein the ultracapacitor has a gel or polymer based electr olyte and is configured to output elec. energy at temper atures between about (- 40)250. Methods of fabrication and use are provided. Keywords: advanced electrolyte high temperature energy storage device ultracap acitor; gel polymer electr olyte ultracapacitor high temperature energy storage available Substances (44) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 279 Nanofiber coating with ionic adhesives By: Anonymous IP.com Journal (2015), 15(7A), 1-7 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention relates to filter medium, with adhesive layer and nanofiber coating, which contain ionic liquids /salts and process for its production, which is in particularly suitable for the coating of elec. highly insulating substr ates. Keywords: nanofiber coating ionic adhesives Substances (37) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 280 Compositions and methods for gas capture processes By: Stites, Ronald C.; Hohman, Jerrod; Carlisle, Trevor; Lafrate, Andrew L.; Bara, Jason E.; Staab, Gregory Allan; Huffman, Michael C. United States, US20150125372 A1 2015-05-07 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Compositions comprising an organic salt, an amine and water are described herein. The methods of using the compos itions include the removal of an acid gas from a gas mixture Keywords: composition gas capture air pollution available Substances (41) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 281 Method of separation of hemicellulose and cellulose from polysaccharide sources By: Sixta, Herbert; Hummel, Michael; Iakovlev, Mikhail; Tolonen, Lasse United States, US20150107790 A1 2015-04-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 150 A method of separating hemicellulose and cellulose by dissol ution of hemicellulose from a hemicel lulose-rich source, such as a pulp of any origin or from holocellulose. In the method, hemicellulose is dissolved in a solvent system comprising a cellulose solvent, which is either a ionic liquid or another direct cellulose solvent, and a mol. solvent (co- solvent), wherein said co- solvent does not dissolve cellulose, and wherein the solvent basicity and acidity of said ionic liquid or other direct cellulose solvent are adequately adjusted by the co-solvent. The present invention enables quant. separation of cellulose and hemicel lulose without any depolyme rization and yield losses as occurring during conven tional dissolving pulp manufacturing processes. Keywords: hemicellulose cellulose polysac charide separation solvent available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 282 Manufacturing method of single electrode integrated ion gel electrolyte By: Park, Jun U; Kim, Ik Jun; Yang, Seon Hye; Choi, In Sik Korea, Republic of, KR1514280 B1 2015-04-22 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The title method comprises the steps of: mixing ionic liquid and polymer for reaction, debubbling to obtain synthetic solution, vacuum drying to form material solution, fixing a first electrode on a teflon mold, making the first electrode included in a molding space on the teflon mold, coating the molding space with the material solution, compressing the upper and lower parts of the teflon mold with a compressing component, performing heat treatment, naturally drying the teflon mold, and demolding ion gel electrolyte integrated with the first electrode. The invention can minimize the thickness of ion gel electr olyte and improve the performance of elec. double-layer capacitor. Keywords: single electrode integrated ion gel electrolyte manufacture available Substances (29) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 151 283 Micelle formation of Tween 20 nonionic surfactant in imidazolium ionic liquids By: Luczak, Justyna; Latowska, Anna; Hupka, Jan Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2015), 471, 26-37 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Aggregation behavior of polyoxyethylene (POE)-type nonionic surfactant Tween 20 in imidazolium ionic liquids with varying chain length and different anions, such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and trifluoro methanesulfonate, was investigated by means of surface tension, conduc tivity and dynamic light scattering measurements. The role of the chain length, anion size as well as interactions between ions forming ionic liquid , were discussed in terms of an ability to support micelle formation. The ability of ionic liquids to induce and control self-aggregation of amphiphilic mols. by introd ucing a mixture of ionic liquids with different anions was also presented. Thermodn. parameters of Tween 20 micelli zation in 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate were estimated using the dependence of critical micelle concent ration on temper ature The normalized conduc tivity data were analyzed basing on the effective- medium approximation theories and used for determination of the number of ionic liquid cations associated with oxyeth ylene units of Tween 20. The results reflect an influence of cation volume as well as strength of ionic liquid cation and anion interac tions, on its solvation and incorpo ration of ionic liquid mols. in the structure of the micelle. Keywords: imidazolium ionic liquid nonionic surfactant micelle formation entropy Substances (20) 284 Electrolyte and photovoltaic cell comprising the same By: Villarroya-Lidon, Silvia; Chittibabu, Kethinni G. United Kingdom, GB2518837 A 2015-04-08 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Reactions (0) Citing (33) An electrolyte for a photov oltaic device is provided, the electr olyte comprising: a first ionic liquid comprising a first redox active species and a redox-inert, substantially water immiscible second ionic liquid A photovoltaic device comprising the electrolyte is also disclosed. Further disclosed is a similar electrolyte wherein the second ionic liquid is weakly coordinating. The first redox active species may comprise iodide, an Fe[2+] complex a Co[2+] complex, a viologen, L- cysteine, ferrocene, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), Ni(III) bis(dicarbollide) complexes or 5- mercapto, 1-methyltetrazole. The second ionic liquid may contain an anion comprising one or more of a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, trifluoro methansulfonate, heptachlorodialuminate, hydrogen sulfate, alkylsulfate, methane sulfonate, dimethylp hosphate, diethylph osphate, hexafluorophosphate and nonaflate. Keywords: photovoltaic solar cell electr olyte ionic liquid redox active species available Substances (57) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 152 285 Lithium ion secondary cell By: Nishimura, Takuya World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2015046468 A1 2015-04-02 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The present invention is a lithium ion secondary cell having a separator porosity of 80%-98% and satisfying condition (1) and/or (2) : (1) The cathode has a first current collector and a cathode composite formed on at least one surface of the first current collector, the amount of cathode composite formed on the one surface of the first current collector being 1 mg/cm2-10 mg/cm2, and the volume porosity of the cathode composite being 20-45 vol%. (2) The anode has a second current collector and an anode composite formed on at least one surface of the second current collector, the amount of anode composite formed on the one surface of the second current collector being 1 mg/cm2-10 mg/cm2, the volume porosity of the anode composite being 20-45 vol%. Keywords: lithium battery electrolyte solution ionic liquid porous separator available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 286 Determination of three acid radical anions containing fluorine in ionic liquid by ion chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection By: Li, Meng; Yu, Hong; Liu, Feng Huaxue Yanjiu Yu Yingyong (2015), 27(3), 251-255 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus A method of ion chromatog. with indirect UV detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of three ionic liquid anions, namely trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate. In this study, Shodex I C NI-424 anion exchange column was used as the separation column. The factors which had the effect on the retention and detection of three anions were discussed. The suitable chromatog. conditions were 1.75 mmolL-1 phthalic acid-1.68 mmolL-1 tri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as eluent, column temperature of 45C, flow rate of 1 m Lmin-1, and the detection wavelength of 265 nm. Under these condit ions, the simultaneous anal. of the three anions could be realized and the best chromatog. peak shapes could be achieved. The detection limit of anions(S/N=3) was 0.391.57 mgL -1, the relative standard deviation of retention time and peak area (n=5) was below 1%, spiked recoveries of the anions were from 99% to 102%. The method was applied to determine trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate in the ionic liquid samples. The method is practicable, simple, accurate, and reliable. Keywords: trifluoroacetate tetrafluoroborate trifluoromethanesulfonate ion chromatog ionic liquid Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 153 287 Lithium ion secondary batteries having lithium transition metal compound-containing cathodes, lithium titanate-containing anodes, and ionic liquid -containing electrolytes By: Nishimura, Takuya; Aichi, Katsuhide Japan, JP2015037054 A 2015-02-23 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title lithium ion secondary batteries have (A) cathodes containing lithium transition metal compounds, (B) anodes containing lithium titanate and carbonate compounds, (C) separators, and (D) electrolytes containing ionic liquids and lithium salts. Also claimed are the lithium ion secondary batteries having (A) cathodes containing lithium transition metal compounds, (B) anodes containing lithium titanate, (C) separators, and (D) electrolytes containing ionic liquids , lithium salts, and carbonate compounds The lithium ion secondary batteries show good cycle performance. Keywords: lithium ion secondary battery; cathode active material lithium transition metal compound; anode active material lithium titanate; carbonate lithium salt ionic liquid electrolyte available Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 288 Printed silver oxide batteries By: Lockett, Vera; Gustafson, John; Ray, William Johnstone; Salah, Yasser World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2015009867 A1 2015-01-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An energy storage device, such as a Ag oxide battery, can include a Ag-containing cathode and an electr olyte having an ionic liquid An anion of the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of: methanesu lfonate, methylsulfate, acetate, and fluoroacetate. A cation of the ionic liquid can be selected from the group consisting of: imidaz olium, pyridinium, NH4+, piperidinium, pyrroli dinium, sulfonium, and phosphonium. The energy storage device may include a printed or nonprinted separator. The printed separator can include a gel including dissolved cellulose powder and the electrolyte. The nonprinted separator can include a gel including at least partially dissolved regenerate cellulose and the electrolyte. An energy storage device fabric ation process can include applying a plasma treatment to a surface of each of a cathode, anode, separator, and current collectors. The plasma treatment process can improve wettability, adhesion, electron and/or ionic transport across the treated surface. Keywords: printed silver oxide battery anode cathode ionic liquid electrolyte available Substances (179) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 154 289 Ionic liquids : not always innocent solvents for cellulose By: Clough, Matthew T.; Geyer, Karolin; Hunt, Patricia A.; Son, Sunghee; Vagt, Uwe; Welton, Tom Green Chemistry (2015), 17(1), 231-243 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The decomposition pathways of a series of carbohy drates dissolved in carbox ylate ionic liquids were investigated in detail using a broad range of thermal and chromatog. techniques. Mixtures of the carboxylate ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate with carbohydrates were found to undergo reaction of the C 2 carbon of the imidazolium ring with the aldehyde functionality on the open chain sugar, yielding an imidazolium adduct with a hydrox ylated alkyl chain. Subsequ ently, degradation of the hydroxyalkyl chain occurs by sequential loss of formaldehyde units, to yield a terminal adduct species, 1- ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylimi dazolium acetate. Identities of the final and interm ediate adduct species, and the reaction mechanisms connecting adducts, were elucidated by NMR, HPLC and LCMS techniques. Factors affecting the rate and quantity of adduct formation were explored. Changing the ionic liquid cation and anion, the acid number, sugar concent ration and temperature influenced the rate of formation and relative quantities of the adduct species. Formation of adducts could not be entirely prevented when employing carboxylate ionic liquids By contrast, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was identified as an ionic liquid capable of dissolving a significant quantity of cellulose, yet without reacting with carbohy drates. Keywords: ionic liquid solvent cellulose thermal stability Substances (27) Reactions (9) Citing (135) 290 Computer-Aided Design of Ionic Liquids as CO2 Absorbents By: Firaha, Dzmitry S.; Holloczki, Oldamur; Kirchner, Barbara Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2015), 54(27), 7805-7809 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Ionic liquids (ILs), vary strongly in their intera ction with CO2. The authors suggest simple theor. approach to predict the C O2 absorption behavior of ILs. Strong interaction of the CO2 with the IL anions corresponds to chem. absorption whereas weak intera ction indicates phys. absorp tion. A predictive estimate with a clear distin ction between phys. and chem. absorption can be simply obtained according to geometries optimized in the presence of a solvation model instead of optimizing it only in gas phase as was done to date. The resulting Gibbs free energies compare very well with exptl. values and the energies were correlated with exptl. capacities. Promising anions, for ionic liquids with reversible CO2 absorption properties can be defined by a reaction Gibbs free energy of absorption at -30-16 kJ mol-1. Keywords: computer aided design ionic liquid carbon dioxide absorbent; absorp tion; carbon dioxide; computer chemistry; ionic liquids Substances (134) Reactions (0) Citing (50) SciFinder Page 155 291 Automated evaluation of the inhibition of glutathione reductase activity: application to the prediction of ionic liquids ' toxicity By: Cunha, Edite; L. C. Passos, Marieta; Pinto, Paula C. A. G.; Saraiva, M. Lucia M. F. S. RSC Advances (2015), 5(96), 78971-78978 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This work is based on the automated evaluation of the influence of several ionic liquids (ILs) on the activity of immobilized glutat hione reductase (GR), as an indicator of their toxicity. The reactions involved are the reduction of oxidized glutat hione (GSSG) by GR, followed by the oxidation of the formed product (reduced glutathione - GSH) by the sulfhydryl reagent 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) to form a yellow derivate 2- nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (T NB), measurable at 412 nm. The bioassay was performed in a S IA system where the ILs were submitted to a simple and precise online dilution strategy before evaluation of their toxicity. The activity assays were implemented in strictly aqueous media and in the presence of increasing concent rations of seven com. available I Ls. E C50 values between 0.24 and 2.55 M were obtained for the tested compounds, revealing distinct inhibitory effects. The least and most toxic ILs found in this study were emim [Ms] and emim[BF4], resp. The automated methodol. is an intere sting anal. tool for the evaluation of GR activity in ILs proving to be robust while presenting good repeata bility, with R SD less than 5%, in all the assay conditions, leading also to a reduction of the consum ption of solvents as well as of effluent production (2 m L per cycle). Keywords: glutathione reductase ionic liquid toxicity Substances (21) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 292 The electrochemistry of zinc in ionic liquids with the trifluoromethylsulfonate anion and their mixtures with water By: Zhen, Liu 2015, (D1203-2), No pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus There is no abstract available for this document. Keywords: electrochem zinc ionic liquid trifluoromethylfulfonate anion water Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 156 293 Gas-Phase Affinity Scales for Typical Ionic Liquid Moieties Determined by using Cooks' Kinetic Method By: Vitorino, Joana; Leal, Joao Paulo; Minas da Piedade, Manuel E. ChemPhysChem (2015), 16(9), 1969-1977 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Gas-phase affinity studies based on cations and anions commonly present in ionic liquid structures, give quant. information about the magnitude of the interactions holding the two species together when I Ls are formed. They also provide clues on how these interactions depend on the nature of the cationic and anionic moieties. Mass spectro metric experiments, performed using electr ospray ionization quadrupole ion-trap and Fourier transform I CR mass spectrometry, were used to obtain two affinity scales by Cooks' kinetic method: one scale for the various cations for the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, [NTf2]-, and another for the different anions for the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, [C4mim]+. The obtained results are compared with previously reported data and discussed in terms of the structural characteristics of the different cationic and anionic species. Keywords: gas phase scale typical ionic liquid moieties Cook kinetics; electro static interactions; gas-phase reactions; ionic liquids ; kinetics; mass spectrometry Substances (34) Reactions (0) Citing (8) 294 Nonhumidified fuel cells using N-Ethyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) composite membranes By: Kiatkittikul, Pisit; Nohira, Toshiyuki; Hagiwara, Rika Energies (Basel, Switzerland) (2015), 8(6), 6202-6214 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Composite membranes consisting of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium fluoro-hydrogenate (EMPyr(FH)1.7F) ionic liquid and poly (vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) copolymer were successfully prepared in weight ratios of 5: 5, 6:4, and 7:3 using a casting method. The prepared membranes possessed rough surfaces, which potentially enlarged the three-phase boundary area. The EMPyr(FH)1.7F/PVdF-HFP (7:3 weight ratio) composite membrane had an ionic conductivity of 41 mScm-1 at 120 C. For a single cell using this membrane, a maximum power d. of 103 mWcm-2 was observed at 50 C under non- humidified conditions; this is the highest power output that has ever been reported for fluorohydrogenate fuel cells. However, the cell perfor mance decreased at 80 C, which was explained by penetration of the softened composite membrane into gas diffusion electrodes to partially plug gas channels in the gas diffusion layers; this was verified by in situ a.c. impedance anal. and cross-sectional SEM images of the membrane electrode assembly. Keywords: nonhumidified fuel cell ethyl methyl pyrroli dinium fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid ; ionic liquid polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene composite membrane Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (8) SciFinder Page 157 295 Anion selectivity in ion exchange reactions with surface functionalized ionosilicas By: Petrova, Maria; Guigue, Mireille; Venault, Laurent; Moisy, Philippe; Hesemann, Peter Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2015), 17(15), 10182-10188 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Mesoporous imidazolium functionalized surface functionalized ionosilicas were studied as anion exchange materials for the adsorption of oxo-anions in aqueous media. The authors studied partic ularly pertechnetate adsorption and could show that solids bearing long chain substituted imidazolium groups are highly efficient anion exchange materials often displaying high distri bution coefficients between solid and liquid phases. The distribution coefficient of pertechnetate is a function of the presence of competing anionic species. As a consequence, experiments allowed reproducing exptl. Hofmeister's series. However, pertechnetate adsorption on the material can completely be inhibited in the presence of highly fluorinated anions such as bis (trifluoromethyls ulfonyl)amide (NTf2). This behavior indicates a partic ularly imidazophilic behavior of these anions, which have a particular importance due to their use in water immiscible ionic liquids Finally, the adsorption process is revers ible. This feature is of importance in view of the regeneration of the anion exchange material. Keywords: anion selectivity exchange surface functionalized ionosilicas Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (17) 296 Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel from Millettia pinnata Seed Oil in Ionic Liquids By: Huang, Ze-Lin; Yang, Tao-Xiang; Huang, Jian-Zi; Yang, Zhen BioEnergy Research (2014), 7(4), 1519-1528 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Millettia pinnata seed oil has been identified as a promising sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production Oils extracted from the seeds grown in freshwater and seawater habitats showed no significant differences in their physic ochem. properties. The enzymic methanolysis of the oil has been invest igated in the ionic liquid (IL) [BMIm][PF6] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate) as compared to tert-butanol, catalyzed by Penici llium expansum lipase (PEL) and Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435). Under optimal condit ions, PEL induced much higher yields in the I L than in tert-butanol, while in the IL PEL-catalyzed conver sions were higher than those catalyzed by Novozym 435. The catalytic processes were improved by recycling both the enzyme (Novozym 435) and the IL ([BMIm][PF6]) and by searching for new enzymes and new I Ls. The impact of I Ls on biodiesel production has been discussed, and the interactions between the I L, the substrate, and the enzyme are believed to play an important role in governing the conversion. Keywords: ionic liquid Millettia seed oil biodiesel enzymic production Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (17) SciFinder Page 158 297 Method for removing ionic liquid containing long alkyl chain from sample solution By: Zhang, Lihua; Zhao, Qun; Yang, Kaiguang; Fang, Fei; Zhang, Yukui China, CN104236983 A 2014-12-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a method for removing ionic liquid containing long alkyl chain from sample solution The method comprises the steps of removing: a solution containing the ionic liquid to basic (pH >= 8); cation exchange material as an adsorbent, the removal of ionic liquids containing long alkyl chain; collecting the solution after removal of the ionic liquid This method can remove the ionic liquid containing long alkyl chain, with simple, efficient and fast speed advant ages, and can be applied to proteomics, polymer chem. and liposome metabol omics. Keywords: long alkyl chain compound removal liquid sample purification absorbant available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 298 Method for removing from a solution sample ionic liquid containing long alkyl chains By: Zhang, Lihua; Zhao, Qun; Yang, Kaiguang; Fang, Fei; Zhang, Yukui World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014198113 A1 2014-12-18 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus A method for removing ionic liquid containing long alkyl chains, comprising the following steps: (a) alkalizing a solution containing ionic liquid (pH8);(b) using a cation exchange material as an adsorbent to remove ionic liquid containing long alkyl chains; (c) collecting the solution after removal of ionic liquid The method can amply remove from a solution sample ionic liquid containing long alkyl chains, has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency, and rapidity, and also has broad prospects for applic ation in proteo mics, polymer chem., and liposome metabolomics. Keywords: long alkyl chain compound removal liquid sample purification absorbant available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 299 Interaction of dibromomethylimidazolium ion with trihalomethanesulfonates (CX3SO3-, where X = F, Cl, Br and H): a model for organic ionic liquids By: Muteri, Seif; Soliman, Saied M.; Ismail, Ali I.; Zaid, Mohamed M.; El Massry, Abdel-Moneim; Lasri, Jamal Asian Journal of Chemistry (2014), 26(22), 7863-7866/1-7863-7866/4, 4 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus The imidazolium ion is a typical species that is used for providing the cation part in the organic ionic liquid The DFT calculations on the interaction between dibromomethylimidazolium cation and trihalo methane sulfonates, CX 3SO3- where X = F, Cl, Br and H, have been performed. The intermol. interactions which usually control the properties of these organic liquids were investigated based on DFT calculations It was found that intramol. interaction is most favored when X is equal to H. These intera ctions in the complex units were found to depend on the electrostatic force between the pos. charged Br- atoms in the dibromomethylimidazolium and the free O2-atom in the CX 3SO3- ion. The overlap between the HOMO of the CX3SO3- as electron-rich Lewis base and the empty L UMO of the dibromomethylimidazolium cation indicates that these interactions are orbitally controlled. Keywords: dibromomethylimidazolium ion trihalo methane sulfonate organic ionic liquid interaction model Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder 300 Oil filter having gel for internal combustion engine By: Fukutomi, Ippei; Murakami, Motoichi; Morishita, Hideto; Saito, Yasuhiro World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014174756 A1 2014-10-30 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Page 159 The title filter has an adsorber capable of adsorbing an acidic anion and a gel comprising a heat-resistant gel and an amphip athic solvent. The gel firmly supports the adsorber. Keywords: internal combustion engine oil filter gel; gel amphipathic solvent oil adsorption filter available Substances (31) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 301 Heterogeneous catalyst preparation in ionic liquids : Titania supported gold nanoparticles By: Oumahi, Camella; Lombard, Jean; Casale, Sandra; Calers, Christophe; Delannoy, Laurent; Louis, Catherine; Carrier, Xavier Catalysis Today (2014), 235, 58-71 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This work reports the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvent for the synthesis of Au/Ti O2 heterogeneous catalysts. It is shown that the versatility of the physico-chem. properties of ILs makes them interesting solvents for a broad control of supported metal nanopar ticles (NPs) size and for a fine- tuning of metal-support interaction. Synthesis and deposition of Au N Ps on TiO2 are carried out through a colloidal route in imidazolium-based ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) and trifluoro methanesulfonate (BMIMOTf)) and in a Deep Eutectic Solvent (D ES, choline chloride and urea). The stabilization of the dispersed N Ps and their deposition on an oxide carrier is invest igated in pure ILs and in the presence of extra stabil izing agents (1-methylim idazole or polyvinylpyrrolidone). In the absence of TiO2, the NPs stability varies with the compos ition of the IL (BMIMOTf > BMIMPF6 > DES) and is critically depending on the addition of an extra stabil izing agent (SA). Conversely, when gold N Ps are synthesized in the presence of TiO2 in imidazolium ILs, the addition of a S A is no longer required since the oxide support acts as a stabilizer for the gold colloids and prevents aggregation of NPs. A detailed X PS investigation of the surface composition of the TiO2-supported gold catalysts shows that the cationic part of the imidazolium ILs on the one hand and urea in D ES on the other hand are co- adsorbed with gold NPs upon deposition on TiO2, probably decorating and stabilizing the Au NPs. The fate of the anionic part of the I Ls (PF-6, OTf- and Cl-) is highly depending on the type of I L. Limited surface adsorption is reported for triflate (B MIMOTf) and chloride anions (DES), the latter being fully removed upon calcination, while PF-6 (BMIMPF6) remains adsorbed on the surface during Au N Ps deposition and leads to PO-x and F- surface species upon calcin ation. The surface composition controls the intrinsic catalytic activity (TOF) in the selective hydrogenation of butadiene. It is shown that the surface doping of supported Au N Ps with P and F anionic deposits (synthesized in BMIMPF6) has a promoting effect for the intrinsic catalytic activity. Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst preparation ionic liquid titania supported gold nanoparticle; butadiene hydrogenation Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (11) SciFinder 302 Printed energy storage device By: Lockett, Vera N.; Daneshi, Leila; Ray, William J.; Gustafson, John G. United States, US20140302373 A1 2014-10-09 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 160 An energy storage device consists of printed current collector layer with nickel flakes and current collector conductive carbon additive. The energy storage device consists of printed electrode layer printed over the current collector layer with the printed electrode layer includes an ionic liquid and electrode conductive carbon additive. The ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C2mimBF4). The current collector conductive carbon includes graphene and the electrode conductive carbon additive includes graphite, graphene, and/or carbon nanotubes. Keywords: printed energy storage device current collector nickel carbon additive available Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 303 Variable-emittance electrochromic devices and methods of preparing the same By: Chandrasekhar, Prasanna United States, US20140268283 A1 2014-09-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Variable-emittance, electrochromic devices using I R-active conducting polymers and methods of preparing the same are disclosed. Keywords: variable emittance electrochromic device conducting polymer available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder 304 Variable-emittance electrochromic devices and methods of preparing the same By: Chandrasekhar, Prasanna World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014143011 A1 2014-09-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 161 Variable-emittance, electrochromic devices utilizing IR-active conducting polymers and methods of preparing the same are disclosed. Keywords: variable emittance electrochromic device conducting polymer available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 305 Gas sensor By: Chen, Lei; Yang, Zhiwei; Yamanis, Jean; Zafiris, Georgios S.; Sangiovanni, Joseph J. United States, US20140251834 A1 2014-09-11 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A membrane electrode assembly for a gas sensor is described that includes a membrane disposed between a sensing electrode and a counter electrode. The membrane is a polymer membrane, such as an ionomer, having an ionic liquid retained therein. Keywords: gas sensor available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 162 306 A chemical structure based model for the determination of speed of sound in ionic liquids By: Sattari, Mehdi; Gharagheizi, Farhad; Ilani-Kashkouli, Poorandokht; Mohammadi, Amir H.; Ramjugernath, Deresh Journal of Molecular Liquids (2014), 196, 7-13 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this communication, a reliable quant. structure-property relationship (QSPR) model is developed to estimate the speed of sound (SS) in ionic liquids at atm. pressure. A data set comprising 446 exptl. data values for 41 ionic liquids extracted from the N IST Standard Reference Database was used to develop and evaluate the model (80% as the train set and 20% as the test set). In this study, the effects of both anions and cations are considered in the development of the model. Genetic function approxi mation (GF A) is applied to select the model parameters (mol. descriptors) and develop a 9- variable multivariate linear QSPR model. Statistical anal. of the performance of the model with respect to the data set indicates an average absolute relative deviation (A ARD%) of 0.92, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9862, and a root mean square of error (R MSE) of 18.72 m s - 1. Keywords: ionic liquid sound speed chem structure model Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (9) 307 Ionic liquids for thiols desulfurization: Experimental liquid -liquid equilibrium and COSMO-RS description By: Ferreira, Ana R.; Freire, Mara G.; Ribeiro, Jorge C.; Lopes, Fernando M.; Crespo, Joao G.; Coutinho, Joao A. P. Fuel (2014), 128, 314-329 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Aiming at the replacement of the present inefficient and expensive desulfurization processes, ionic liquids have been considered as potential solvents to be used in extraction procedures. In this context, this work provides an exptl. evaluation on the feasib ility of ionic liquids for the selective extraction of a less studied class of aliphatic sulfur compounds - thiols. A mixture composed of ndodecane and 1-hexanethiol was used, as a feed model of kerosene in "jet- fuel", and the tie-lines of the corresponding ternary systems were exptl. determined at 298.2 K and 313.2 K for imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids Using the exptl. data, the selectivity and distribution ratios of 1- hexanethiol were also determined Despite the small distri bution ratios, these systems display a high selectivity meaning that the co-extraction of other fuel compounds can be controlled by the ionic liquids nature and/or chem. structural characteristics. The COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (C OSMO-RS) was used to predict the liquid - liquid equilibrium of the investigated systems. A good agreement between the exptl. data and the C OSMO-RS results was observed Therefore, the extraction behavior with other ionic liquids not exptl. addressed was also predicted by C OSMO-RS for the identification of the best potential candidates. The ionic liquids identified are constituted by a short alkyl side chain imidaz olium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium cations, combined with the anions tosylate, diethylph osphate, ethylsulfate and triflate. Keywords: partition thiol petroleum desulfurization ionic liquid ; liquid liquid equilibrium solubility partition thiol ionic liquid desulfurization; jet fuel desulfurization ionic liquid partition Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (52) SciFinder 308 Contribution of the Individual Ions to the Heat Capacity of Ionic Liquids By: Mueller, Karsten; Albert, Johannes Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2014), 53(25), 10343-10346 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 163 Heat capacity is a crucial parameter for process design. Ionic liquids (ILs) offer the opportunity to tailor the relevant properties for many processes, but heat capacity data often are not available. In this work, temperature-dependent contributions to the heat capacity for 39 cations and 32 anions are proposed. A database containing 104 ILs with 2443 data points was used for the develo pment of this model. The exptl. data in the test set could be reproduced with a mean relative error of 4.4%. This allows for a systematic screening of a huge IL database to determine the solvent best- suited for a task without the necessity to measure all the missing data. Furthermore, an optimization taking different substance properties into account by using resp. math. tools is possible by combination with prediction models for other proper ties. Keywords: ionic liquid heat capacity anion cation contri bution Substances (71) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 309 Electrolyte based on ionic liquid metal complex and preparation method thereof By: Miao, Qingqing; Zhang, Suojiang; Xu, Hui; Zhang, Pengmei China, CN103887069 A 2014-06-25 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The present invention discloses an electrolyte based on ionic liquid metal complex and preparation method thereof. This ionic liquid metal complex is obtained by complexing functional ionic liquid and metal compound with a simple and enviro nmentfriendly method. The electr olyte consists of ionic liquid metal complex, elemental iodine, and iodide. The electr olyte has simple manufacturing process, without using any organic solvent and additive, and can be applied to optoele ctronic devices, partic ularly solar cells, and electrochem. devices. Keywords: electrolyte ionic liquid metal complex available Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 164 310 Phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions, methods of making and devices formed there from By: Rupert, Benjamin L.; Irwin, Levi J.; Beer, Leanne; Worlikar, Shilpa A.; Shi, Steven Z. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014088710 A1 2014-06-12 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention generally encompasses phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions and their use in many applica tions, including but not limited to: as electrolytes in electronic devices such as memory devices including static, permanent and dynamic random access memory, as electrolytes in energy storage devices such as batteries, electr ochem. double layer capacitors (E DLCs) or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, electrolytic capacitors, as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), as electrolytes in fuel cells,, as a heat transfer medium,, among other applications. In particular, the invention generally relates to phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions, wherein the compositions exhibit superior combination of thermodn. stability, low volatility, wide liquidus range, ionic conductivity, and electrochem. stability. The invention further encompasses methods of making such phosph onium ionic liquids , salts, compositions, operational devices and systems comprising the same. Keywords: phosphonium ionic liquid salt Me P + Et available Substances (67) Reactions (13) Citing (1) SciFinder 311 Ionic -liquid nanoscale ionic material (il-nim) compositions, methods and applications By: Archer, Lynden A.; Moganty, Surya S.; Lu, Yingying United States, US20140154588 A1 2014-06-05 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 165 A method for preparing an ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material, the ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material and a battery that includes a battery electrolyte that comprises the ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material each provide superior perfor mance. The superior performance may be manifested within the context of inhibited lithium dendrite formation. Keywords: ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material secondary battery electr olyte available Substances (46) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 312 Method for preparation of working medium pair for absorption thermal circulatory system with heat source temperature of 60-70 By: Cheng, Hansong; Han, Chaoqun; Zheng, Min; Zhang, Dapeng World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014082420 A1 2014-06-05 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Provided is a working substance pair for an absorptive heat circulation system with a heat source temper ature between 60 and 130. The working substance pair consists of a working substance and an absorbing substance. The working substance is selected from one or a mixture of more than two of fluoroalkanes, fluoro-olefins, fluoroethers, nonsubstituted alkanes, or olefins. The absorbing substance is a liquid mixture composed of an ionic liquid of 1%-50% by weight and an organic liquid of 50%-99% by weight The working substance is miscible with the absorbing substance at 20-80. The working substance pair overcomes some defects of a conventional working substance pair and has the features of being nontoxic, safe, environm entally friendly and so on. Keywords: working medium pair absorption thermal circulatory system safety available Substances (331) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 313 Method of measuring concentrations of gas mixtures By: Feng, Yinshan; Verma, Parmesh; Lombardo, Mary Teresa World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014065937 A1 2014-05-01 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 166 A method of measuring concentrations of gas mixtures is disclosed in which an ionic liquid and/or low vapor-pressure organic solvent is exposed to a gas mixture being tested to form a solution of the gas components in the liquid The vapor pressure of the solution is then measured at one or more other temperatures and compared to predicted vapor pressures based on known individual vapor pressure profiles of the gas components in the liquid to determine the actual proportions of the components in the gas sample. Keywords: gas mixture concentration determination ionic liquid organic solvent application available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 167 314 Production of ionic liquid polymer electrolyte composition comprising ionic liquid monomer, organic electrolyte, and cross-linking agent for lithium secondary battery with high charge-discharge cycles By: Kim, Dong Won; Lee, Yun Seong Korea, Republic of, KR2014046611 A 2014-04-21 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus Composition for an ionic liquid polymer electrolyte comprises (in parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the compos ition) an ionic liquid monomer (5-20) having a vinyl group and an ionic group, an organic electrolyte, and a crossl inking agent (2-5) having at least two double bonds in the terminals. The ionic group includes an anion of tetrafluo roborate, hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and cations of imidaz olium, ammonium pyridinium or pyrazo lium. The organic electr olytic solution includes ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, di- Et carbonate or di-Me carbonate. The organic electrolytic solution includes lithium salts of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate or lithium tetrafluo roborate. The crosslinking agent includes 1,3-butanediol diacrylate or trimethylolpropane triacrylate. An ionic liquid polymer electrolyte prepared by polymer ization of the composition is disclosed. A lithium secondary battery comprises oppositely placed anode and the cathode; and ionic liquid polyelectrolytes interposed between the anode and cathode. The lithium secondary battery formed by in- situ polymerization of the composition is disclosed. It is possible to improve stability and interface characte ristics of the lithium secondary battery by forming in situ polymerized polymer electrolyte using the composition An excellent flame retardant property can be obtained and the problem of electrolyte leakage can be solved. Keywords: ionic liquid polymer electrolyte composition crosslinking lithium secondary battery available Substances (53) Reactions (24) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 168 315 Organic electrolyte solution and redox flow battery including the same, using organophosphates By: Oh, Duk-Jin; Mun, Jun-Young; Lee, Doo-Yeon; Kwon, Oh-Min; Kim, Young-Gyu; Kim, Hyung-Tae United States, US20140099569 A1 2014-04-10 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An organic electrolyte solution including a metal- ligand coordination compound, wherein the ligand is an organic phosphate compound Keywords: organic electrolyte flow battery metal phosphate ligand coordi nation compound available Substances (96) Reactions (8) Citing (2) 316 Regional Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Fukui Functions Efficiently Highlight the Lewis Acidic/Basic Regions in Ionic Liquids By: Cerda-Monje, Andrea; Ormazabal-Toledo, Rodrigo; Cardenas, Carlos; Fuentealba, Patricio; Contreras, Renato Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2014), 118(13), 3696-3701 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The origin of catalysis and selectivity induced by room temperature ionic liquids in several organic reactions has putatively been associated with the concept of cation effect (hydrogen bond donor ability of the ionic liquids ) or anion effect (hydrogen bond accepting ability of the ionic liquids ). We show that there may be cases where this a priori classif ication may not be correctly assigned. Cations may concentrate both Lewis acidity and basicity functions in one fragment of the ionic liquid : an effect we tentat ively call bifunc tional distribution of the mol. Lewis acidity/b asicity. Bifunctionality on the cation is however anion dependent through electronic polarization effects. The mol. distri bution of the Lewis acidity/basicity may simply be assessed by evaluating the regional Fukui function within a reference ion pair structure. The model is tested for a set of nine ionic liquids based on the 1butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation commonly used as solvent to run organic reactions. Keywords: regional electrophilic nucleophilic Fukui function ionic liquid Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (11) SciFinder Page 169 317 Method and apparatus for electrochemical manufacture of ammonia from nitrogen gas and water By: Masuda, Hideki; Matsumoto, Jun; Ogawa, Takahiko; Katayama, Akira; Shimazaki, Ryuji; Sato, Akinori Japan, JP2014040336 A 2014-03-06 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Ammonia is prepared by application of a certain elec. voltage between an ionic liquid , containing 1 kind(s) of metallocene complex, and water, placed in an electrochem. cell parted with a hydrogen ion- permeable and water- impermeable membrane, e.g. cation exchange membrane such as I, by bubbling N gas into the ionic liquid , under standard temperature and pressure. The preferable ionic liquids are salts of ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, imidazolium, or piperidinium with Cl-, Br-, I-, BF4-, BF3C2 F5-, PF6-, NO3-, CF3CO2-, CF3SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N-, (FSO2)2N-, (CN)2N-, (CF3SO2)3C-, (C2F5SO2)2N-, AlCl4-, or Al2Cl7-, that are liquid at <100, and the preferable metallocene complexes are -[(CF2CF2)xCF[[OCF2CF(CF3)]zOCF2CF2SO3H]CF2]y- (I) (M = Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Hf(IV); X1, X2 = coordinating anion). Apparatus for carrying out the process is also claimed. Ammonia is manufa ctured at high reaction rate under long catalyst lifetime. Keywords: ammonia electrochem manufacture water nitrogen reaction; metall ocene complex catalyst electrochem ammonia manufacture apparatus Me Bu-n +N available ISubstances (24) Reactions (3) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 170 318 Observation of separate cation and anion electrophoretic mobilities in pure ionic liquids By: Zhang, Zhiyang; Madsen, Louis A. Journal of Chemical Physics (2014), 140(8), 084204/1-084204/10 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Ionic liquids (ILs) continue to show relevance in many fields, from battery electro lytes, to carbon capture, to advanced separa tions These highly ion-dense fluids present unique challenges in underst anding their electr ochem. properties due to deviations in behavior from existing electrolyte theories. Here we present a novel characte rization of ILs using electrophoretic NMR (ENMR) to determine sep. cation and anion mobilities. This method uses an applied elec. field coincident with a pulsed magnetic field gradient to encode the E-field driven flow into N MR signals for cations ( 1H) and anions (19F). We describe the detailed design of these experi ments, including quant. anal. of artifact mitigation and necessary control experi ments We then explore mobilities and diffusion coefficients for two representative ILs: 1-ethyl-3-Me imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2mim][BF4]) and 1-ethyl-3-Me imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C2mim][TfO]). We further use the individual ion mobilities to calculate the bulk net conduct ivity, which closely agrees with bulk conductivity measurements obtained using impedance spectroscopy. These observations represent the first reliable measurements of cation and anion mobilities in pure I Ls, with errors of 7%. We discuss this advanced exptl. methodol. in detail, as well as implications of these sensitive measur ements for understanding conduction mechanisms in iondense electrolytes. (c) 2014 American Institute of Physics. Keywords: cation anion mobility ionic liquid electrophoretic NMR; ethylmethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate trifluoromethanes ulfonate electrophoretic NMR cation anion mobility Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (23) SciFinder Page 171 319 Proton Hopping and Diffusion Behavior of Sulfonated Block Copolymers Containing Ionic Liquids By: Kim, Sung Yeon; Lee, Joungphil; Park, Moon Jeong Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) (2014), 47(3), 1099-1108 | Language: English, Database: CAplus We have investigated the dependence of proton hopping and diffusion behavior of nanostr uctured poly(styrenesulfonate-bmethylbutylene) (PSS-b-PMB) block copolymers containing imidaz olium-based ionic liquids (ILs) on the type and the composition of ILs. Pulsed-field gradient spin-echo NMR experiments suggest that fast proton hopping is facili tated by higher imidaz olium contents in the ILs. On the contrary, the alkyl substituent at the protic position of imidazole results in a 2- fold reduction in the selfdiffusion coefficient for proton hopping, becoming comparable to vehicle diffusion in the temper ature window examined The anion of ILs makes a signif icant impact on the activation barrier for proton conduc tion, leading to conductivities differing by a few orders of magnitude, depending on the type of anion in the ILs. Notably, a high proton transf erence number of 0.81 was achieved for the I L-containing PSS-b-PMB copolymers (compared to the low value of 0.52 for neat I Ls) by optimizing the composition and the type of I Ls. This increase is attributed to specific intera ctions between the I Ls and the polymer matrix, affecting the nature of hydrogen bonds and ionic aggregate structures. This study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting the proton transport efficiency of IL-containing polymers, enabling the design of new polymer electr olytes characterized by both fast proton conduction and high proton transference numbers Keywords: proton hopping diffusion behavior sulfonated copolymer ionic liquid Substances (16) Reaction (1) Citing (20) SciFinder 320 Printable composition for an ionic gel separation layer for energy storage devices By: Shotton, Neil O.; Ray, William Johnstone; Lockett, Vera Nicholaevna; Lowenthal, Mark D.; Kamins, Theodore I. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2014014758 A2 2014-01-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 172 Representative embodiments provide a compos ition for printing a liquid or gel separator used to sep. and space apart 1st and 2nd conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative composition comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between 0.5 to 50 ; a 1st, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer or polymeric precursor. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatom aceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another represe ntative embodiment further comprises a 2nd electr olyte different from the 1st electr olyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the 1st and 2nd electr olytes comprise Zn tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alc. (PVA) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVFD). Addnl. compon ents, such as addnl. electrolytes and solvents, may also be included. Keywords: printable composition ionic gel separation layer; energy storage device polymer electr olyte available Substances (148) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 321 Method for depolymerizing middle/low-rank coal using ionic liquid -organic solvent cosolvent By: Lei, Zhiping; Liu, Qiwen; Cheng, Lulu; Shui, Hengfu; Wang, Zhicai; Ren, Shibiao; Kang, Shigang China, CN103525500 A 2014-01-22 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention discloses a method for depolymerizing middle/low-rank coal using ionic liquid -organic solvent cosolvent, falling to tech. field of comprehensive use of middle/low-rank coal. The invention includes adding middle /low-rank coal and a cosolvent capable of effectively depolymerizing the middle/low-rank coal and composed of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate, butylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, Et methylimidazolium acetate, 1-methyl-3-allylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimi dazolium formate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate) and organic solvent (Et acetate, tetrahyd ronaphthalene, MeOH, Et OH, methylnaphthalene, methylnaphthalene oil or N- methylpyrrolidone) into a reaction vessel, and reacting at 100- 350 for 0.5-10 h; after the reaction, separating the reaction product and residue by centrifugal separation; and evaporating the filtrate, and washing with H2O to obtain the organic solvent and ionic liquid , resp., in which the organic solvent and the ionic liquid can be recycled. The depolymerization product is rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, which can directly or indirectly serve as the raw material for producing a variety of high value-added organic compounds or important chem. products. The inventive method has simple process and can efficiently depolymerize middle/low-rank coal to obtain the depolymerization product with wide applic ation and high addnl. value. Keywords: middle low rank coal depolymerization ionic liquid organic solvent available Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 322 Printable composition for an ionic gel separation layer for energy storage devices By: Lockett, Vera Nicholaevna; Lowenthal, Mark David; Shotton, Neil O.; Ray, William Johnstone; Kamins, Theodore I. United States, US20140017557 A1 2014-01-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 173 Representative embodiments provide a compos ition for printing a liquid or gel separator used to sep. and space apart 1st and 2nd conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative composition comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between 0.5 to 50 ; a 1st, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer or polymeric precursor. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatom aceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another represe ntative embodiment further comprises a 2nd electr olyte different from the 1st electr olyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the 1st and 2nd electr olytes comprise Zn tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alc. (PVA) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVFD). Addnl. compon ents, such as addnl. electrolytes and solvents, may also be included. Keywords: printable composition ionic gel separation layer; energy storage device polymer electr olyte available Substances (148) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 323 Supported ionic liquid -like phases as organocatalysts for the solvent-free cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds: from batch to continuous flow process By: Martin, Sergio; Porcar, Raul; Peris, Edgar; Burguete, Maria Isabel; Garcia-Verdugo, Eduardo; Luis, Santiago V. Green Chemistry (2014), 16(3), 1639-1647 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Supported ionic liquid -like phases (SILLPs) are able to efficiently catalyze the cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds using trimeth ylsilyl cyanide under solvent- free conditions. These organic catalysts were efficient for various carbonyl compounds including aromatic, aliphatic, and ,-unsaturated This process perfectly conforms to the features of green chem.: no waste regarding sideproducts and unconverted reactants, solvent-free, excellent catalytic activity, and no requir ement for separation Furthermore the supported nature of the SILLPs allows for the development of continuous flow synthesis of cyanoh ydrin trimethylsilyl ethers. The effect of the morphol. of the polymer (gel-type or macroporous bead resins or, alterna tively, a monolithic polymer) has also been studied, which has allowed selecting suitable materials for the efficient continuous flow single pass synthesis of cyanohydrin trimeth ylsilyl ethers. Keywords: cyanosilylation carbonyl compound trimeth ylsilyl cyanide supported ionic liquid flow Substances (27) Reactions (9) Citing (49) SciFinder Page 174 324 Influence of anion-water interactions on the behaviour of lipases in room temperature ionic liquids By: Mohammad Latif, Muhammad Alif; Micaelo, Nuno M.; Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin RSC Advances (2014), 4(89), 48202-48211 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this report, mol. dynamics simulations were applied in order to investigate the effect of Room Temperature Ionic Liquid ( RTIL ) anions toward the structure and dynamic properties of lipases. Two lipases were studied; Candida antarctica lipase B and Candida rugosa lipase were solvated by five RTILs that contained the same cation, with increasing hydration levels. Several properties were investigated: structural deviations and flexib ility of the protein conform ation, the behavior of RTILs at the protein surface, and the interactions between RTILs and water mols. in the systems. Both lipases' conform ations showed an increased structural stability in RTILs when compared to an aqueous solution The lowest structural deviation was observed around 15 to 20 % of water content (weight/weight protein). The RTIL with the chloride anion was shown to be the exception however, inducing the least structural stability at low water percentages. The flexib ility of both lipases was clearly affected when transf erred from aqueous into RTILs . The flexible regions found for both lipases in water were significantly more rigid in RTILs . Around the protein surface, the behavior of RTIL anions and the water mols. was similar to other conven tional organic solvents. The water retention ability for all RTIL anions was consistent for both lipases except for the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, which showed distin ctive behavior toward different protein surface properties. The effect of water content was more profound compared to the difference between the RTILs anions studied. However, it was found that the structural and dynamic properties of the lipases were affected by the behavior of anions toward the hydration layer of the enzymes. Keywords: Candida lipase B structure water anion interaction ionic liquid Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (5) 325 New trends in the separation of significant greenhouse gases from flue gas streams By: Witasek, Roman; Panek, Petr Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) (2014), 1020, 573-578, 7 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus The paper is closely related to the challenge of the most important greenhouse gas - carbon dioxide. Both, the effective capture and secure storage of CO2, is an urgent environmental problem. Approx. 3/4 of all anthrop ogenic emissions of C O2 are related to the use of fossil fuels. Great attention is given to the absorption processes for the capture of the gas. Carbon Capture and Storage (CC S) is a promising solution for achieving a signif icant reduction in CO2- emissions. Capture of combustion gases using standard volatile organic solvents are the source of numerous problems like environmental pollution, instability and corros ivity of such solvents. An effective solution seems to be the use of ionic liquids Ionic liquids are a relatively new class of compounds, which are chem. and thermally stable and are able to dissolve a wide range of substances. The negligible volatility of ionic liquids is their most important property. Research and development of the CO2- capture technol. has not yet reached the stage of com. exploi tation under economically acceptable conditions. The aim of this article is to show the possibi lities of use of ionic liquids in the absorption separation processes for CO2-capture. Keywords: carbondioxide emission ionic liquid flue stream absorption greenhouse gas Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 326 Electrolyte solution for double layer capacitor and its preparation method By: Zhou, Mingjie; Deng, Huiren; Wang, Yaobing China, CN103426655 A 2013-12-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Page 175 The title electrolyte solution for a double layer capacitor contains morpho line-based ionic liquid and polyoxyethylene alkyl alkylol amine at a weight ratio of 1:(0.001-0.05). The invention also discloses a method for preparing the electr olyte solution The equivalent internal resistance of the double layer capacitor is greatly lowered. Keywords: electrolyte capacitor morpholine ionic liquid polyoxyethylene alkyl alkylol amine available Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 327 Mg charge-discharge battery with high potential By: Chang, Zheng; Yang, Yaqiong; Liu, Lili; Wu, Yuping China, CN103413905 A 2013-11-27 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title Mg charge-discharge battery comprises a separator, an anode, a cathode and electro lytes, wherein the separator is solid and reversibly permeable for lithium ion, and is full-solid polymer electrolyte containing organic lithium oxide, lithium sulfide or lithium salt, or their mixture; the anode is metallic magnesium or magnesium alloy, and the anode current collector is metallic copper, aluminum or silver, or their alloy; the electrolyte at the anode side is common organic electr olyte, polymer electrolyte, inorganic full-solid electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, or their mixture; the cathode is common cathode material used in lithium ion battery; the electrolyte at the cathode side is aqueous solution of lithium salt or hydrogel electr olyte. The invention solves match problem of electrolyte and cathode material existing in current Mg charge- discharge battery, has higher potential and energy d., and can be used for storage and release of elec. power. Keywords: magnesium secondary battery available Substances (53) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 176 328 Elastomer composite with improved dielectric properties and production method thereof By: Kim, Heesuk; Oh, Kiwon; Lim, Soon Ho; Lee, Sang-Soo; Kim, Tae Ann; Park, Min United States, US20130310495 A1 2013-11-21 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Disclosed is an elastomer-conductive filler composite with improved dielec. proper ties. The composite includes conductive fillers and an ionic liquid dispersing the conductive fillers. The ionic liquid was used as a dispersant to effect ively enhance the dispersion of the conductive fillers, achieving a high dielec. constant and a low dielec. loss of the composite without deteriorating the phys. properties of the conductive fillers. The use of the ionic liquid can reduce the number of processing steps and the presence of the conductive fillers at a low concentration in the composite can minimize deterio ration of the phys. properties of the elastomer. Further disclosed is a method for producing the composite. Keywords: elastomer composite dielec property constant loss conductive filler available Substances (38) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 329 Method of separation of hemicellulose and cellulose from polysaccharide sources By: Sixta, Herbert; Hummel, Michael; Iakovlev, Mikhail; Tolonen, Lasse World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2013171364 A1 2013-11-21 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This invention relates to a method of separating hemicellulose and cellulose by dissol ution of hemicellulose from a hemicel luloserich source, such as a pulp of any origin or from holocellulose. In the method, hemicellulose is dissolved in a solvent system comprising a cellulose solvent, which is either a ionic liquid or another direct cellulose solvent, and a mol. solvent (co- solvent), wherein said co-solvent does not dissolve cellulose, and wherein the solvent basicity and acidity of said ionic liquid or other direct cellulose solvent are adequately adjusted by the co-solvent. The present invention enables quant. separation of cellulose and hemicellulose without any depolymerization and yield losses as occurring during conven tional dissolving pulp manufacturing processes. Keywords: hemicellulose cellulose polysac charide separation solvent available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 177 330 Ionic liquids , method for manufacturing thereof, and electrochemical devices comprising ionic liquid thereof By: Braun, Max Josef; Fischer, Reiner World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2013167586 A1 2013-11-14 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention concerns ionic liquids comprising at least one pyrazolium cation which are substi tuted by at least one fluorine atom and at least one anion obtainable from 4-ethoxy- 1,1,1 -trifluoro-3-butene-2-one (ETFBO). The ionic liquids according to the present invention can be used as electrolytes for electrochem. and/or optoelectronic devices. The present invention concerns ionic liquids comprising 1 pyrazolium cations which are substd. by 1 fluorine atoms and 1 anions obtainable from 4- ethoxy-1,1, 1-trifluoro-3-butene-2-one (ETFBO). The pyrazolium cations may be I [R1 = CF3, CHF2, CF2Cl; R2,3 = H, (fluori nated) C1-6 alkyl]. The ionic liquids according to the present invention may be used as electr olytes for electrochem. and/or optoelectronic devices. Keywords: ionic liquid manufacture electrolyte electrochem optoelectronic device R3 R2 + N N R1 I available Substances (57) Reactions (20) Citing (1) 331 Ionic liquids , method for manufacturing thereof, and electrochemical devices comprising ionic liquid thereof By: Braun, Max Josef; Fischer, Reiner European Patent Organization, EP2662359 A1 2013-11-13 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention concerns ionic liquids comprising 1 pyrazolium cations which are substd. by 1 fluorine atoms and 1 anions obtainable from 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-butene-2-one (ETFBO). The pyrazolium cations may be I [R1 = CF3, CHF2, CF2Cl; R2,3 = H, (fluorinated) C1-6 alkyl]. The ionic liquids according to the present invention may be used as electr olytes for electrochem. and/or optoelectronic devices. Keywords: ionic liquid manufacture electrolyte electrochem optoelectronic device R3 R2 N N R1 I available Substances (50) Reactions (13) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 178 332 Morpholine ionic liquid /gel polymer electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof By: Zhou, Mingjie; Liu, Daxi; Wang, Yaobing China, CN103390502 A 2013-11-13 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title morpholine ionic liquid /gel polymer electrolyte membrane comprises polyacrylonitrile matrix and morpholine ionic liquid dissolved in polyacrylonitrile, wherein the weight ratio of polyacrylonitrile and morpholine ionic liquid is 100:(30-50). The morpholine ionic liquid has formula (I), wherein Y- is BF4-, PF6-, (CF3SO2)2N-, or CF3SO3-. The morpholine ionic liquid has the advantages of low elec. conductivity, low m.p., wide electrochem. window, no volatilization, no combustion, and high thermal stability. The morpholine ionic liquid /gel polymer electrolyte membrane has high safety, and can avoid solvent volatil ization and liquid leakage. Keywords: morpholine ionic liquid gel polymer electr olyte membrane preparation available Substances (19) Reactions (9) Citing (0) 333 Manufacture of cutting elements by electrolytic removal of metal catalysts from interstitial spaces in polycrystalline diamond By: Mazyar, Oleg A. United States, US20130291447 A1 2013-11-07 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A cutting element is manufactured by immersing at least a portion of a volume of polycrys talline diamond in a liquid electrolytic solution and applying a voltage between the polycrystalline diamond and a cathode in contact with the liquid electrolytic solution to remove at least a portion of a metal catalyst (such as Co) from interstitial spaces between adjacent diamond grains. The polycrys talline diamond includes interb onded diamond grains and metal catalyst particles in the inters titial spaces between adjacent grains of polycrystalline diamond material. Some methods include forming a barrier over a portion of a volume of polycrys talline diamond and transferring at least a portion of the metal from a portion of the polycrys talline diamond not covered by the barrier to a liquid electrolyte. Some methods include encapsu lating a volume of polycrystalline diamond in a barrier and select ively removing a portion of the barrier from a first portion of the volume of polycrystalline diamond. Keywords: cutter electrolytic leaching cobalt catalyst interstitial polycrystalline diamond available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 179 334 Manufacture of cutting elements by electrolytic removal of metal catalysts from interstitial spaces in polycrystalline diamond By: Mazyar, Oleg A. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2013166398 A1 2013-11-07 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A cutting element is manufactured by immersing at least a portion of a volume of polycrys talline diamond in a liquid electrolytic solution and applying a voltage between the polycrystalline diamond and a cathode in contact with the liquid electrolytic solution to remove at least a portion of a metal catalyst (such as Co) from interstitial spaces between adjacent diamond grains. The polycrys talline diamond includes interb onded diamond grains and metal catalyst particles in the inters titial spaces between adjacent grains of polycrystalline diamond material. Some methods include forming a barrier over a portion of a volume of polycrys talline diamond and transferring at least a portion of the metal from a portion of the polycrys talline diamond not covered by the barrier to a liquid electrolyte. Some methods include encapsu lating a volume of polycrystalline diamond in a barrier and select ively removing a portion of the barrier from a first portion of the volume of polycrystalline diamond. Keywords: cutter electrolytic leaching cobalt catalyst interstitial polycrystalline diamond available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 335 Double electric layer capacitor electrolyte By: Zhou, Mingjie; Deng, Huiren; Wang, Yaobing China, CN103377834 A 2013-10-30 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Page 180 The title double elec. layer capacitor electrolyte comprises ionic liquid and barium titanate at a mass ratio 1 : 0. 001 - 0. 01. The ionic liquid is composed of imidazolium cation or pyrrolium cation and any of tetrafluo roborate anion, hexafluorophosphate anion, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, acetate anion, methyls ulfate anion, trifluoroacetate anion, trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, dicyandiamide anion and trifluoroacetyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide anion. The double elec. layer capacitor electr olyte is prepared by mixing the ionic liquid and barium titanate. The anions in ionic liquids can be adsorbed by barium titanate, and the presence of barium titanate can promote efficient dissociation of ionic liquids and increase mobility of ionic liquids , thereby greatly reducing the equivalent resistance of the double elec. layer capacitor. Barium titanate is non-volatile and does not increase the risk factor of explosion. Keywords: double elec layer capacitor electrolyte available Substances (62) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 336 Double-electric layer capacitor electrolyte By: Zhou, Mingjie; Deng, Huiren; Wang, Yaobing China, CN103377836 A 2013-10-30 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Page 181 The title double-elec. layer capacitor electr olyte comprises ionic liquid and carbon nanotube powder at a mass ratio of 1 : 0.001 0.1. The ionic liquid is composed of imidazolium cation or pyrrolium cation and any of tetrafluo roborate anion, hexafluoro phosphate anion, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, acetate anion, methyls ulfate anion, trifluoroacetate anion, trifluoro methanesulfonate anion, dicyandiamide anion and trifluoroacetyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide anion. The double-elec. layer capacitor electrolyte provided by the present invention is prepared by mixing ionic liquid and carbon nanotubes. The anion of the ionic liquid can be adsorbed by carbon nanotubes, and the presence of carbon nanotubes can promote the effective dissoc iation of ionic liquid and increase mobility of ionic liquid , thereby greatly reducing equivalent internal resistance of the double- elec. layer capacitor electrolyte. The carbon nanotube is non- volatile, and does not increase the risk factor of explosion. Keywords: double elec layer capacitor electrolyte available Substances (62) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 182 337 Ionic liquid used as magnetorheological fluid base solution, ionic liquid -based magnetorheological fluid and its preparation method By: He, Guotian; Gu, Mingxin; Wang, Zhongxun; Chen, Xi; Zhu, Xiaoqiang; Xu, Zeyu; Lin, Yuanchang; Zhao, Jian; Liu, Yongfu China, CN103305324 A 2013-09-18 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title ionic liquid -based magnetorheol. fluid comprises (by weight parts) : base fluid 8 - 39.5, dispersed phase 60 - 90 and additives 0.5 - 5. The dispersed phase is magnetic particles with micron or sub-micron grade, and the base fluid is ionic liquid The title method comprises: preparing magnetic particles, weighing ionic liquid and additives, adding the additives in the ionic liquid , stirring to mix, adding the magnetic particles, and stirring to mix. The magnetorheol. fluid has high stability, is eco- friendly, and is applicable to vacuum environment. Keywords: ionic liquid magnetorheol fluid magnetic particle well treatment fluid available Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 338 Specialized granules for air filters in aircraft By: Paul, Manfred; Sweredjuk, Robert; Pommersheim, Rainer World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2013124168 A1 2013-08-29 | Language: German, Database: CAplus These filter granules bind constituents of a gas stream with filter particles which have the following compon ents: (a) one component for physisorption of constituents, (b) one component for chemiso rption of constituents, (c) one component for dissolving oil constituents. Keywords: specialized granule air filter aircraft available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder 339 Specialized granules for air filters in aircraft By: Paul, Manfred; Sweredjuk, Robert; Pommersheim, Rainer Germany, DE102012202563 A1 2013-08-22 | Language: German, Database: CAplus Page 183 These filter granules bind constituents of a gas stream with filter particles which have the following compon ents: (a) one component for physisorption of constituents, (b) one component for chemiso rption of constituents, (c) one component for dissolving oil constituents. Keywords: specialized granule air filter aircraft available Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 340 Organic electrolyte solution and redox flow battery including the same By: Park, Joung-Won; Oh, Duk-Jin; Lee, Doo-Yeon; Lee, Myung-Jin United States, US20130196206 A1 2013-08-01 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An organic electrolyte solution including a solvent; an electr olyte including a metal- ligand coordination compound; and an additive including a hydrophobic group and a metal affinic group. Keywords: organic electrolyte solution redox flow battery metal ligand coordi nation available Substances (91) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder 341 Supercapacitor compositions, devices and related methods By: Gogotsi, Yury; Simon, Patrice; Largeot, Celine; Portet, Cristelle; Chmiola, John; Taberna, Pierre-Louis United States, US8498097 B2 2013-07-30 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 184 Disclosed are supercapacitor materials comprising compos itions having pores that are optimally sized to maximize capaci tance. Also disclosed are related methods for fabricating such supercapacitors. Keywords: supercapacitor nanoporous carbide derived carbon nanopore size ionic liquid available Substances (45) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 342 Room -temperature ionic liquid electrolytes for alkali metal-sulfur batteries By: Dokko, Kaoru; Watanabe, Masayoshi Hyomen Kagaku (2013), 34(6), 309-314 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (TFSA) based room - temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs ) were used as electr olytes for lithiumsulfur (Li-S) and sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries. The discharge- charge cycle stability and coulombic efficiency of Li- S cells with T FSAbased RTILs were found to be surprisingly superior to those of a cell with a conven tional organic electrolyte consisting of THF (THF) and a Li slat. The poor cycle stability of the cell with the conventional organic electrolyte was attributed to the dissolution of lithium or sodium polysulfides (M2Sm, M = alkali metal, 2 m 8) , which were generated as reaction intermediates through redox processes at the S cathode in the M-S cell. TFSA-based RTlLs have low donor ability owing to the weak Lewis basicity of [T FSA]- anion, whereas conventional ether-based mol. solvents, such as THF, have high donor ability. The dissol ution of M2Sm was significantly suppressed owing to the weak donor ability of RTILs . Keywords: alkali metal sulfur battery ionic liquid electrolyte temperature Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 185 343 Method for low-temperature quick synthesis of TiO 2/C electrode material By: Hung, Jen-Yang; Chang, Min-Chao; Shao, Hsin; Liu, Pai-Yi; Chung, Lee-Ching; Huang, Meng-Shun; Liang, Te-Ming; Huang, Kuo-Hao; Chen, Chih-Chun; Hsu, Shu-Fang China, CN103172146 A 2013-06-26 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title method for low-temperature quick synthesis of electrode material comprises: providing a C material, adding an alc. solvent, ionic liquid , water and TiO2 precursor, mixing, heating with microwave, adding the alc. solvent, ionic liquid and water, and heating with microwave to obtain TiO2/C electrode material, wherein the TiO2 crystal nanoparticles are fixed at the C material. The electrode material could be used for producing electrodes of capacitor desalination, super capacitor, and other energy devices. Keywords: titania carbon electrode available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 344 Chemical and electrochemical synthesis and deposition of chalcogenides from room temperature ionic liquids By: Stevenson, Keith J.; Murugesan, Sankaran; Keams, Patrick; Akkineni, Arunkumar United States, US20130112110 A1 2013-05-09 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Room temperature electrochem. methods to deposit thin films of chalco genide glasses (such as germanium sulfide or molybdenum sulfide glasses) use precursors in room temperature ionic liquids Keywords: electrochem synthesis deposition chalco genide glass ionic liquid available Substances (46) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 345 Fluoropolymer blend and articles thereof By: Fukushi, Tatsuo; Miyazawa, Haruhiko; Fujita, Jun; Toyota, Atsushi; Lamanna, William M.; Chou, Shih-Hung United States, US20130109790 A1 2013-05-02 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Described herein is a composition, article and method thereof, wherein the compos ition comprises (i) a fluorop olymer and (ii) an ionic liquid Keywords: fluoropolymer ionic liquid blend available Substances (57) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 186 346 Study of the influence of pure ionic liquids on the lipase-catalyzed (trans)esterification of mannose based on their anion and cation nature By: Galonde, Nadine; Nott, Katherine; Richard, Gaetan; Debuigne, Antoine; Nicks, Francois; Jerome, Christine; Fauconnier, MarieLaure Current Organic Chemistry (2013), 17(7), 763-770 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A screening of nine ionic liquids (ILs) has been carried out in order to study the influence of the I Ls anion's and cation's nature and structure on the synthesis of mannosyl myristate catalyzed by Novozym 435. The best ILs in terms of yield () and initial rate ( v0) are those based on the TFO anion. The 24h-yield (24h-) reached 64.9% in [Bmim] [TFO] and 70.9% in [Bmpyrr][TFO] by transester ification while it reached 29.7% and 44.5% resp. in each I L by esterification. [Bmpyrr][TFO] based on the pyrrolidinium cation gave the best results although this cation has been rarely used for biocatalysis. This work has thus highli ghted a cation that could be further studied for the biocatalysis of glycosylated compounds The study of the relati onship between the structure of the I Ls and the v0 and for the biocat alysis of mannosyl myristate showed that the lipase effecti veness is influenced by the anions while the cations have an indirect influence on the interaction strength between Novozym 435 and the anions. Keywords: ionic liquid lipase transesterification mannose Substances (16) Reactions (2) Citing (8) 347 Electrode materials containing ionic liquids bearing radical groups for secondary batteries By: Kurihara, Hitoshi Japan, JP2013073836 A 2013-04-22 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title electrode materials contain ionic liquids Y-X+(CH2)nOR (I; R = radical; n = 1- 10). The electrode materials may also contain polymers having structures I on side chains. The polymers are chosen from polyeth ylene, poly(Me methacrylate), polyacetylene, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol, and poly(vinyl ether). Secondary batteries, e.g., secondary lithium batteries, can be charged and discharged at high rate. Keywords: lithium battery electrode radical ionic liquid Me Me O N (CH 2 ) 4 Br O Me Me available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 187 348 Phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions, methods of making and devices formed there from By: Rupert, Benjamin L.; Irwin, Levi J.; Beer, Leanne; Worlikar, Shilpa A.; Shi, Steven Z. United States, US20130092866 A1 2013-04-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention generally encompasses phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions and their use in many applica tions, including but not limited to: as electrolytes in electronic devices such as memory devices including static, permanent and dynamic random access memory, as electrolytes in energy storage devices such as batteries, electr ochem. double layer capacitors or supercap acitors or ultracapacitors, electrolytic capacitors, as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), as electrolytes in fuel cells, as a heat transfer medium, among other applications. In particular, the invention generally relates to phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions, wherein the compositions exhibit superior combination of thermodn. stability, low volatility, wide liquidus range, ionic conductivity, and electrochem. stability. The invention further encompasses methods of making such phosphonium ionic liquids , salts, compositions, operational devices and systems comprising the same. Keywords: phosphonium ionic liquid salt Me P + Et available Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 349 A method for electrodepositing silver at low temperature by using ionic liquid By: Ma, Meiyan China, CN103046081 A 2013-04-17 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a method for electrodepositing Ag at low temper ature by using ionic liquid , which comprises the following steps: using anhydrous Ag chloride as raw material and ionic liquid as electrolyte, firstly dissolving Ag chloride completely therein, and electrodepositing by adopting d.c. power supply, during electrode position, cell voltage is higher than Ag chloride decompo sition voltage and lower than the ionic liquid in the electrochem. window, so as to produce Ag on the cathode, and discha rging Cl gas from anode. This invention provides a method for producing metal Ag by using ionic liquid electrodeposition at low temper ature Ag is produced on the cathode, and Cl gas is evolved from anode. Keywords: silver electrodeposition low temperature ionic liquid available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder 350 Gas sensor By: Chen, Lei; Yang, Zhiwei; Yamanis, Jean; Zafiris, Georgios S.; Sangiovanni, Joseph J. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2013052041 A1 2013-04-11 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 188 A membrane electrode assembly for a gas sensor is described that includes a membrane disposed between a sensing electrode and a counter electrode. The membrane is a polymer membrane, such as an ionomer, having an ionic liquid retained therein. Keywords: gas sensor available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 351 Method for concentration and measurement of ester component in natural essence with ionic liquid By: Li, Ming; Li, Zaijun China, CN103033583 A 2013-04-10 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus This invention provides a method concentration and measurement of ester component in natural essence with ionic liquid , belonging to the tech. field of chem. engineering. The method includes (1) inserting micro- injector tip below the liquid level of the ionic liquid to suck a certain volume of the ionic liquid , fixing the micro-injector above an extraction flask, slowly lowering piston to form an ionic liquid droplet in micro- injector tip, (2) adding solvent and ionic strength regulator for solution in extraction flask, then adding mixed ester compound standard solution or natural essence solution, placing ionic liquid droplet prepared by step 1 in headspace of the extraction flask, extracting at certain temperature and stirring speed for a certain period of time, and recovering ionic liquid , (3) inserting the micro-injector immediately into sample inlet of the gas chromatog. and gas chroma tog.mass spectrometry instrument for detecting. The ionic liquid is a compound composed of cation repres ented by formula I (R is independently selected from C1- 10 alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl with one ore more double bond, C2- 10 alkynyl with one ore more triple bond, or C5-7 cycloalkyl) and anion such as PF6-, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetracyanoborate, trifluoromethylsulfonate, or methoxysulfonate. The invention is environ mental friendly, and greatly enhances extraction effici ency, and the inventive method has high sensitivity and accuracy. Keywords: imidazole ionic liquid chromatog mass spectrometry essence oil extraction R N R N available I Substances (28) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 189 352 Lubricating grease compositions containing ureas and ionic liquids By: Schmidt-Amelunxen, Martin; Grundei, Stefan; Kanno, Takao Japan, JP2013060551 A 2013-04-04 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title compositions contain base oils, ureas as thicke ners, <1% ionic liquids as solidification inhibitors, solid lubricants, and other additives. Preferable materials for the base oils, ureas, and ionic liquids are disclosed. The compositions are usable in a wide temperature range, e.g., at - 60 and +260. Keywords: lubricating grease urea thickener ionic liquid ; ionic liquid solidification inhibitor lubricating grease available Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 353 Methods for quantitating water using ionic liquid salts By: Armstrong, Daniel W. United States, US20130074580 A1 2013-03-28 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This disclosure provides methods and devices for quantitating, separating and/or detecting water in a liquid , gas or solid sample comprising one or more chems., the method comprising: providing the liquid , gas or solid sample comprising water and the one or more chems.; and exposing said liquid , gas or solid sample to at least one solid support including at least one dicationic and/or tricationic species of Formula I or I I adsorbed, absorbed or immobi lized on the solid support. Keywords: quantitating water ionic liquid salt available Substances (64) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 190 354 Method for preparing magnetic microspheres having multistage pore structure and uniform and adjustable particle size By: Lu, Yun; Qing, Xutang; Yue, Xiaoxiao China, CN102974285 A 2013-03-20 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title method comprises the steps of: (1) preparing an iron-containing ionic liquid , and adding a soluble Fe (III) salt or mixture of soluble Fe(III) salt and soluble divalent salt, particu larly, soluble Fe(III) salt and soluble divalent salt are not added or only the soluble divalent salt is added when the anion is Fe(III)Cl4-, (2) dissolving the Fe-containing ionic liquid in ethylene glycol under stirring to obtain a 0.01-0.2 mol/L solution, adding a 0.5- 2 mol/L base solution 2- 50 times the molar of Fe (III), and stirring, wherein the base solution generates a gas under heating, and comprises ammonia, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine, urea, and hexamethylene tetramine aqueous solution, (3) transferring the solution to a closed container, transf erring the container to a heater, heating to certain temperature in the range of 180- 300C, keeping the temperature for 3- 24 h, and naturally cooling, and (4) separating the solid product through magnetic separation, centrifuging, or filtering, washing with water and ethanol for times, and vacuum- drying at 40-80C. In step 1, the cation is 1,3-dialkylimidazolium [R1R2IM]+, 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium [R1R2R3IM]+, N-alkylpyridinium [RPy]+, N1,N2-dilakylpyrazolium [R1R2Pz]+, N-alkylthiazolium [RTz]+, N1,N2-dialkylpiperidinium [R1R2Pp]+, N1,N2-dialkylpyrrolidinium [R1R2P]+, tetralkyl quaternary ammonium ion [NR1R2R3R4]+, tetralkyl quaternary phosphonium ion [PR1R2R3R4]+, or trialkyl sulfonium [SR1R2 R3]+. The anion is Fe (III)Cl4-, M(II)Cl4- (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, or Zn) , Cl-, Br-, BF4-, PF6-, CH3COO-, CF3COO-, C3F7COO-, CF3SO3-, C4F9SO3-, (C F3SO2)2N-, (C2F5SO2)2N-, (CF3SO2)3C-, SbF6-, AsF6-, CB11H12-, [BR1R2R3R4]-, [N(CN)2]-, NO3-, or NO2-. The soluble Fe(III) salt is ferric chloride, ferric bromide, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, or ferric acetate. The soluble divalent salt comprises nitrate, sulfate, acetate, chloride, or bromide of Fe(II), Co, Mn, Zn, etc. The magnetic micros pheres have a chem. compos ition of MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn and Zn), adjustable particle sizes in range of 23- 600 nm, high saturation magnetic suscept ibility (73-89 emu/g), sp. surface area 5574 m2/g, and three-stage pore size distri bution of 2- 3 nm, 7-12 nm, and 7- 70 nm. Keywords: preparation magnetic microsphere multistage adjustable particle size; metal ferrite ion liquid available Substances (65) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 191 355 Method for preparation of working medium pair for absorption thermal circulatory system with heat source temperature of 60-70C By: Cheng, Hansong; Han, Chaoqun; Zheng, Min; Zhang, Dapeng China, CN102965082 A 2013-03-13 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title working medium pair is composed of working medium (selected from fluoroalkane, fluoroalkene, fluoroether, unsubst ituted alkane, and/or olefins) and absorbent (mixed solution of 1- 50% ionic liquid and 50-90% organic liquid , saturated vapor pressure of 100 Pa at 25, viscosity of 300 mPa s at 25, liquid state at 20- 150), and is prepared by mixing and dissolving at 2080. The invention provides the mol. formula of ionic liquid , wherein C is cation of quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosph onium salt, imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, morpholinium, or piperidinium; A is monovalent-tetravalent anion; M is monova lent-trivalent metal cation; and n = 1- 4. The invention also provides the structure formula of cation of quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, morpholinium, or piperidinium. The organic liquid (saturated vapor pressure of 150 Pa at 25, viscosity of 100 mPa s at 25, liquid state at 20- 150) is glycol ether, alc., pyrrolidone, ester, and/or amine. The absorption thermal circulatory system consists of absorption heat pump, absorption refrige rating system, or absorption thermal converter. The working medium pair has the advantages of no toxicity, good safety and no environmental pollution. Keywords: working medium pair absorption thermal circulatory system safety Me Et + (CH 2 ) 5 N Me available Substances (331) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 192 356 Manufacture of -olefin-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymers in good yield under low-pressure conditions By: Sato, Naomasa; Shimizu, Fumihiko; Tanna, Akio Japan, JP2013043979 A 2013-03-04 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Title manufacture is characterized by using ionic liquids as solvents in the presence of metal complexes I and/or II [M = Groups 911 transition metal; R 1 = H, C1-20 hydrocarbyl L1 = ligand coordinating to M, may form ring with R 1; X1 = O, S; E1 = Group 15 element; R2, R3 = C1-30 hydrocarbyl, may form ring; R 4-7 = H, halo, C1-30 hydrocarbyl, OR8, CO2R8, CO2M', CONR92, COR8, SR8, SO2R8, SOR8, OS O2R8, P(O)(OR8)2-yR9y, CN, NHR8, NR82, Si(OR9)3-xR9x, OSi(OR9)3-xR9x, NO2, SO3M', PO3M'2, P(O)(OR8)2M', epoxy-containing group; R8 = C1-20 hydrocarbyl; R9 = H, C1-20 hydrocarbyl; M' = alkali metal, alk. earth metal, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, phosph onium; x = 0-3; y = 0-2; R4 and R6 may be bonded to form alicyclic ring, aromatic ring, or 5- 8-membered heterocyclic ring containing O, N, or S]. Thus, ethylene was copolym erized with tert-Bu acrylate at 70 and 0.7 M Pa in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in the presence of [2- bis(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphanyl-6-pentafluorophenylphenolato][(1,4,5-)-4-cycloocten-1yl]nickel to give a copolymer with catalyst activity 4.3 kg/mol- h, m.p. 121.2, crystallization temperature 109.5, Mw 65,000, Mw/Mn 2.5, and comonomer content 0.88 mol%. Keywords: ethylene butyl acrylate polymerization nickel catalyst ionic liquid R6 X1 L1 M R1 E1 R4 R3 R2 I R6 R7 X1 L 1 M R5 R1 E1 R4 R3 R2 II available Substances (39) Reactions (4) Citing (0) 357 Selection of ionic liquid solvent for liquid -liquid extraction based on COSMO-SAC model By: Li, Rui; Cui, Xianbao; Wu, Tian; Feng, Tianyang; Zhang, Ying Huagong Xuebao (Chinese Edition) (2013), 64(2), 452-469 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The COSMO-SAC model is an effective method for calcul ation of infinite dilution activity coefficients (IDACs), and IDACs of organic solutes or ionic liquids (ILs) can be calculated if the structures of the mols. are known. The most time consuming step in C OSMO-S AC model is the generation of -profile through quantum mechanics. A -profile database including 32 anions and 191 cations were established by DMol3 in Materials Studio. A computer aided mol. design method based on C OSMO-SAC and the -profile database was proposed to select ionic liquid solvents for the liquid - liquid extraction process. The mixture of ethanol- Et acetate was used to test the ionic liquid solvent selection method. Effective ionic liquid solvents were selected through such a method and some of them were verified by liquid - liquid equilibrium data of ternary system of ethanol-Et acetate- ionic liquid in literature, which indicated that the selection method of ionic liquid solvents was effective. Keywords: ionic liquid solvent liquid extraction selection C OSMO SAC model Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (6) SciFinder Page 193 358 Immobilized Lewis acid catalyst covered in ionic liquid By: Kobayashi, Osamu; Mori, Yuichiro; Gu, Yanlong Japan, JP5142178 B2 2013-02-13 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The invention refers to a Lewis acid MXn [M = rare earth metal or Bi; X = R aCOO-, RaSO3-, RaOSO3-, RaOPO32-, RaPhO-; Ra = C1-8 alkyl or Ph with one or more F atoms substituted for H; n = integer] fixed on a surface by chem. bonds, and surrounded and covered by an ionic liquid , wherein the Lewis acid is fixed to the surface of metal oxide, activated C, synthetic organic polymer or glass, and the chem. bond is an ionic bond. Keywords: Lewis acid catalyst ionic liquid available Substances (29) Reactions (3) Citing (0) 359 Electric light-controlling element for IR transmittance control of VO 2-based material By: Nakano, Masaki; Hatano, Keishi; Ono, Shinpei; Iwasa, Yoshihiro; Shibuya, Keisuke; Kawasaki, Masashi; Tokura, Yoshinori Japan, JP2013028473 A 2013-02-07 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The elec. light-controlling element contains a 1st substrate involving a 1st transp arent member whose surface is at least partially coated with a VO2-based light-controlling layer, a 2nd substrate involving a 2nd transp arent member whose surface is coated with a transparent electrode film, and an electr olyte layer sandwiched between the light- controlling layer of the 1st substrate and the transparent electrode film of the 2nd substrate. In another altern ative, the elec. light- controlling element contains a 1st substrate involving a 1st transparent member having one surface being at least partially coated with a V O2-based light-controlling layer and the other surface being partially coated with an electrode film; and a 2nd substrate arranged faced to the surface of the 1st substrate; and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the light- controlling layer of the 1st substrate and the 2nd substrate. Prefer ably, the light-controlling layer has a compos ition shown as AxV1-xO2- (A = W, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta; x = 0- 0.1; = 0-0.1). Preferably, the 1st transparent member is made from a material having a crystal structure the same or similar to the crystal structure of V O2. Preferably, the 2nd transparent material comprises a SiO2-containing inorganic glass, or a transparent polymer film material. Prefer ably, the electrolyte layer contains an ionic liquid Keywords: elec light controlling element I R transmittance control vanadium dioxide available Substances (141) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 194 360 Method for preparing ester in the presence of biological catalyst and chemical catalyst By: Xiong, Jian; Zhang, Hua; Huang, Yajuan; Hou, Liyun China, CN102899366 A 2013-01-30 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The method is characterized by using fatty acid (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.) or its acid anhydride and 3, 7-dimethyl6-octen-1-ol as reaction substrate and solvent- free system as reaction system, and carrying out esterif ication reaction in the presence of biol. catalyst(lipase) and chem. catalyst(ionic liquid with acid group) at 10- 80 for 1-6 h. The reaction system is composed of 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol and fatty acid at a molar ratio of 1: 10-1:1, or 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol and fatty acid anhydride at a molar ratio of 1:10-1:0.5. This method has the advantages of simple reaction process, mild condition, high effici ency, no need of solvent, no pollution, low energy consumption and low cost. Keywords: ester fatty acid anhydride dimethyloctenol lipase available Substances (52) Reactions (12) Citing (0) 361 Hair dyeing method by an ionic -liquid -based treatment By: Plos, Gregory France, FR2978038 A1 2013-01-25 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a method for the cosmetic treatment of keratin fibers, such as human hair fibers comprising in the first step (a) the application on the hair fibers of a compos ition containing one or more ionic liquids and (b) in the second step the heating of the hair fibers, and then (c) in the third step of the application on the hair fibers of one or more cosmetic compos itions comprising one or more dyes selected from oxidation dyes, direct dyes, and mixtures thereof. Thus, a formulation contained Basionic-BC-O1 45, propylene glycol 123.75, and water 41.25%. Keywords: hair dye method ionic liquid Me N+ N Me (CH 2 ) 5 available Cl Substances (55) Reactions (0) Citing (6) SciFinder Page 195 362 Ionic liquid catalyst and method for preparing fatty acid By: Wei, Haibin; Wu, Feng China, CN102872911 A 2013-01-16 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title ionic liquid catalyst includes salt composed of N- containing heterocyclic compound cation and inorganic or organic anion. The N-containing heterocyclic compound cation is one or more of sulfonic group functio nalized alkyl pyridine cation, sulfonic group functionalized 1,3-dialkyl imidazole cation, sulfonic group functionalized pyrrolidone cation and sulfonic group functio nalized alkylamine salt cation. The anion is one of Cl-, BF4-, HSO4-, etc. The title method for preparing fatty acid includes the steps: (1) adding raw material oil into a reactor, stirring, adding H2O, stirring, adding ionic liquid catalyst, heating to 100 - 180, reacting for 2 - 4 h; (2) standing for 1 - 2 h; (3) discharging H2O, catalyst and glycerol mixed layer to obtain crude fatty acid layer; and (4) distilling The ionic liquid catalyst has the characteristics of simple synthesis, low cost, high select ivity, high catalytic efficiency, etc. The method has the advantages of simple technol., low reaction temperature, low energy consumption, short reaction time, etc. Keywords: ionic liquid catalyst fatty acid preparation Me - O3 S available Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 363 Ionic -liquid nanoscale ionic material (IL-NIM) compositions, methods and applications By: Archer, Lynden A.; Moganty, Surya S.; Lu, Yingying World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2013009731 A2 2013-01-17 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A method for preparing an ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material, the ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material and a battery that includes a battery electrolyte that comprises the ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material each provide superior perfor mance. The superior performance may be manifested within the context of inhibited lithium dendrite formation. Keywords: ionic liquid nanoscale ionic material secondary battery electr olyte available Substances (46) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 196 364 Ionic liquid co-solvent effect for enhancement of enzymic preparation of isoquercitrin By: Wang, Jun; Wu, Fuan; Sun, Guoxia China, CN102876746 A 2013-01-16 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title method comprises hydrolyzing rutin 0.72 g/L with hesperi dinase or naringinase in Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer in the presence of ionic liquid 5-50 volume% at 20- 60 and 50-300 rpm for 1- 40 h. The cation of the ionic liquid is [Emim], [Bmim], [TOMA], [Hmim], [Nmim], or [EMPY], and the anion is [BF4], [PF6], [Tf2N], [HSO4], [TfO], or [C4F9SO3]. Compared with conven tional method, the yield of isoquercitrin is improved by adding ionic liquid The invention has also the advantages of simple operation, mild reaction condit ions. and environmental-friendliness. Keywords: ionic liquid cosolvent isoquercitrin rutin hesperidinase naringinase available Substances (25) Reaction (1) Citing (0) 365 A step towards the a priori design of ionic liquids By: Niedermeyer, Heiko; Ashworth, Claire; Brandt, Agnieszka; Welton, Tom; Hunt, Patricia A. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2013), 15(27), 11566-11578 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE A range of methods for the computational prediction of exptl. derived and Kamlet- Taft parameters, indicators of hydrogen bond (H-bond) acidity and basicity for ionic liquids (ILs) have been explored. Most usefully, a good correl ation has been establ ished between several simple and easily computed quantities which allow for a "quick bench- top" evaluation. More accurate, but also more sophisticated methods employing TD-DFT calculations involving the Kamlet-Taft dyes have been examined and evaluated. Importantly, these techniques open up the opport unity for pre- screening and a priori prediction of properties for I Ls not yet synthe sized. A key fundamental insight into I L H-bonds has been the determination of an estimate for the energy associated with replacing both neutral mols. in a H-bond with ionic mols., thus forming the "doubly ionic " H-bond found in ILs. Keywords: priori design ionic liquid Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (58) SciFinder Page 197 366 Rapid and simultaneous determination of trifluoroacetate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate, and hexafluorophosphate organic and inorganic anions of ionic liquids by ion-pair chromatography using a reversed-phase silica-based monolithic column and conductivity detection By: Li, Siwen; Yu, Hong; Liu, Yuzhen; Li, Meng Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies (2013), 36(11), 1490-1502 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Analytical Methods available An ion-pair chromatog. method was developed on a reversed- phase silica-based monolithic column for the fast and simult aneous determination of trifluoroacetate (CF3COO-), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), and hexafluoro phosphate (PF6-) organic and inorganic anions of ionic liquids The analytes were separated using a mobile phase of tetrabuty lammonium hydroxide-citric acid-acetonitrile on the Chromolith Speed R OD RP-18e column with direct conduc tivity detection. The effects of eluent, column temperature, and flow rate on the retention of anions were investi gated. The exptl. phenomenon was discussed according to ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction mechanism in the separation The optimized chromatog. conditions were selected. Under the optimal conditions, the baseline separation of C F3COO-, CF3SO3-, BF4-, and PF6- was achieved without any interference by other anions (Cl -, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, and ClO3-). The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 3.33, 0.58, 0.27, and 1.42 mg/L for CF3COO-, CF3SO3-, BF4-, and PF6-, resp. The method was successfully applied to the determination of CF3COO-, CF3SO3, BF4-, and PF6- in ionic liquids The spiked recoveries of the anions were from 100.1- 104.4%. Keywords: ionic liquid anion determination ion pair chromatog Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 367 Ionic liquids - salts of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium as electrolytes for energy capacitive storages By: Borzova, E. V.; Grishina, E. P.; Pimenova, A. M.; Kudryakova, N. O. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya (2013), 56(9), 83-87 | Language: Russian, Database: CAplus Temperature dependencies of specific conductivity in the -65 to 85 range and sparking voltage were obtained and discussed for three ionic liquids namely 1- n-butyl-3-Me imidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate, trifluoro methanesulfonate and bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide. Also, the effect of temper ature (25-85) on "electrochem. window" of these ionic liquids and anodic behavior of aluminum in them were investigated. Conclusion on possibility of invest igated ionic liquid application in low voltage aluminum electrolytic capacitors operating at the temper ature below (-5-15) was made from exptl. data. Keywords: electrolyte voltage aluminum ionic liquid Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 198 368 Investigation on aromaticity index and double-bond equivalent of aromatic compounds and ionic liquids for fuel desulphurization By: Abdullah, Syamsul B. ; Man, Z.; Bustam, M. A. Journal of Chemistry (2013), 838590/1-838590/7, 8 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus Aromaticity index (AI) and double-bond equivalent (DBE) were studied to seek a simpler approach in identi fying suitable ionic liquids for the desulphurization process. Manifestation of interaction mechanism by C OSMO-RS and Raman spectroscopy is discussed. The findings demonstrate that AI and DBE calculations can be used to analyze and arrogate potential combin ation of cation and anion for fuel desulphurization purposes. Keywords: fuel desulfurization extraction ionic liquid aromaticity double bond Substances (63) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 369 Synthesis of hetero ionic compounds using dialkylcarbonate quaternization and use thereof as additives in electrochemical cells By: Friesen, Cody A.; Wolfe, Derek; Johnson, Paul Bryan World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2012174564 A1 2012-12-20 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention relates to methods of preparing hetero ionic complexes, and ionic liquids from bisulfate salts of heteroat. compounds using dialkylcarbonates as a primary quaternizing reactant. The method comprises: (1) reacting a heteroat. compound with dialkylcarbonate to produce an alkylcarbonate salt of the heteroat. compound; (2) acidifying the alkylca rbonate salt with a sulfate-containing acid to produce a bisulfate salt of the heteroat. compound; and (3) converting the bisulfate salt of the heteroat. compound to an ionic liquid comprising an alkyl-heteroat. cation and an anion. Also disclosed are methods of making electr ochem. cells comprising the ionic liquids , and an electrochem. cell comprising an alk. electrolyte and a hetero ionic complex additive. In an example, DABCO was alkylated with di-Me carbonate to yield methyldabconium Me carbonate which was then acidified with sulfuric acid to produce methyldabconium sulfate. Keywords: heterocyclic compound bisulfate salt dialkyl carbonate quaterni zation; hetero ionic complex sulfate salt preparation additive electrochem cell available Substances (91) Reactions (20) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 199 370 Steam jet refrigeration apparatus using an ionic liquid as propellant for the evaporation of a refrigerant By: Danov, Vladimir; Gromoll, Bernd Germany, DE102011077079 A1 2012-12-13 | Language: German, Database: CAplus A steam jet refrigeration apparatus uses an ionic liquid as propellant for the evaporation of a refrigerant by applic ation of a neg. pressure. The refrigerant is a liquid having a lower b.p. than water, preferably an alc. The propellant is heavier than the refrig erant. The b.p. of the refrigerant is lower than the b.p. of the propel lant. The propellant and the refrig erant are immiscible. The propellant is a cationic liquid , especially tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate, triflate, hexafluorophosphate, phosphinate, tosylate, and/or their derivatives The propellant is an anionic liquid , especially imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, guanidinium, uronium, thiour onium, piperidinium, morpholinium, ammonium, phosphonium, and/or their derivatives The steam jet refrigeration apparatus includes a jet nozzle with a propellant connection, a suction connection, and a mixed flow outlet; a condenser connected with the mixed flow outlet of the nozzle; and an evaporator connected with the condenser and having a propellant outlet and a refrigerant outlet, wherein the propellant outlet is fluidly connected with the propellant connection of the jet nozzle, and the refrigerant outlet is fluidly connected with the suction connection of the jet nozzle. The evaporator is in the form of a heat exchanger. The steam jet refrigeration apparatus can be used for domestic applia nces, such as air conditioning systems, or refrigerators, or in air condit ioning systems of motor vehicles. Keywords: steam jet refrigeration apparatus ionic liquid propellant refrigerant evaporation; jet nozzle condenser evaporator heat exchanger refrigerator available Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 371 Extraction of pentachlorophenol and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane from aqueous solutions using ionic liquids By: Pilli, Santhi Raju; Banerjee, Tamal; Mohanty, Kaustubha Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2012), 18(6), 1983-1996 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This work reports the judicious screening of various ionic liquids for the extraction of pentachlo rophenol (PCP) and dichloro diphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from aqueous solutions COSMO-RS model was used for the prediction of select ivity of these compounds in aqueous medium at infinite dilution Initial benchmarking studies were done by comparing exptl. logari thmic octanolwater partition coefficient values (log KOW) with COSMO-RS predicted data on 13 poly chlori nated biphenyls (P CB's) similar in structure to that of PCP and DDT. 1015 Possible ILs were then used to determine the best extractant for the removal of these two E DCs from aqueous solution Keywords: ionic liquid extraction pentachlorophenol dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane wastewater treatment Substances (94) Reactions (0) Citing (18) SciFinder Page 200 372 Compositions and methods for gas capture processes By: Stites, Ronald C.; Hohman, Jerrod; Carlisle, Trevor; Lafrate, Andrew L.; Bara, Jason E.; Staab, Gregory Allan; Huffman, Michael C. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2012158609 A1 2012-11-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Compositions comprising an organic salt, an amine and H2O are described herein. The methods of using the compos itions include the removal of an acid gas from a gas mixture Keywords: composition gas capture air pollution available Substances (41) Reactions (14) Citing (2) 373 Nuclear magnetic resonance study on rotational dynamics of water and benzene in a series of ionic liquids : Anion and cation effects By: Kimura, Hiroshi; Yasaka, Yoshiro; Nakahara, Masaru; Matubayasi, Nobuyuki Journal of Chemical Physics (2012), 137(19), 194503/1-194503/10 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The rotational correlation times (2R) for polar water (D2O) mol. and apolar benzene ( C6D6) mol. were determined in ionic liquids (I's) by the 2H (D) NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements. The solvent IL was systematically varied to elucidate the anion and cation effects sep. Five species, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), trifluoromethylsulfonate (TfO-), hexafluoro phosphate (PF6-), chloride (Cl-), and formate (HCOO-), were examined for the anion effect against a fixed cation species of 1- butyl-3methyl-imidazolium (bmim+). Four species, bmim+, N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium (bmpy+), N,N,N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium ( N1,1,1,3+), and P,P,P-trihexyl-P-tetradecylphosphonium (P6,6,6,14+), were employed for the cation effect against a fixed anion species of TFSI-. The 2R ratio of water to benzene, expressed as W/B, was used as a probe to characterize the strength of Coulombic solutesolvent interaction in ILs beyond the hydrodynamic limit based on the excluded- volume effect. The W/B value strongly depends on the anion species, and the solute dynamics are sensitive not only to the size but also to the chem. structure of the component anion. The cation effect was rather weak, in contrast. The largest and most hydrophobic P6,6,6,14+ cation was exceptional and a large W/B was observed, indicating a unique solvation structure in P6,6,6,14+-based ILs. (c) 2012 American Institute of Physics. Keywords: NMR rotational dynamics water benzene ionic liquid anion cation Substances (24) Reactions (2) Citing (17) SciFinder Page 201 374 Electrolyte additive of quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid , electrolyte and solar cell By: Weng, Tao; Zhang, Hong; Ma, Tingli China, CN102789902 A 2012-11-21 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title electrolyte additive is quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid additive. The electr olyte additive has a chem. formula shown in claim 1, wherein R is C1-C16 alkyl substituents; X is anion selected from Cl -, Br-, I-, BF4-, PF6-, CF3SO3-, C2F5SO3-, [N(SO2CF3)2]-, [N(S O2C2F5)2]-, [N(SO2C3F7)2]-, SCN-, N(CN)2-, C(CN3)-, SiF6-, B(CN)4-, CF3COO-, C2F5COO-, NO3-, SO42-, ClO4-, and PO4-. The additive has simple synthesis process, stable performance, low cost, uneasy volatilization, no leakage, and no environ mental pollution. The additive can be added into electrolyte to prepare a dye- sensitized solar cell, and the dye- sensitized solar cell has outsta nding perfor mance and high stability and is enviro nment-friendly. Keywords: solar cell electrolyte additive quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid available Substances (27) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 375 Refrigerating machine oil composition and method for improving extreme-pressure antiwear property of refrigerating machine oil By: Chen, Yonghua; Chen, Xiaowei; Yan, Huan; Liang, Yuxiang China, CN102746927 A 2012-10-24 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title refrigerating machine oil compos ition comprises base oil and ionic liquid at a mass ratio of 100: (0.01-1). The ionic liquid is imidazolium ionic liquid , pyridinium ionic liquid and/or pyrrolidinium ionic liquid from 1-Pr-3-methylimidazolium methylsu lfonate, di-Bu 1-Bu-3-methylimidazolium phosphate, N-hexyl-3-methylpyridinium sulfonate, and/or butylpyrr olidinium tetrafluo roborate, etc. The cation in the ionic liquid is represented by the three structural formulas I, II, and III ( Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf = H, C1C18 alkyl). The anion in the ionic liquid is from bisulfate, nitrate, dihydrogen phosphate, alkyl phosphate, tetrafluo roborate, hexafluorophosphate, acetate, methylsulfonate, benzene sulfonate, toluene sulfonate, trifluoro methylsulfonate, bis(trifluoromethyls ulfonyl)imine anion, bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imine anion, and/or tris(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)methane anion. The base oil (its kinematic viscosity 3-1,000 mm2/s at 40C) is from polyvinyl ethers, polyet hers, and/or polyol esters base oil. The polyvinyl ethers base oil is represented by the structural formula IV, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently from H, or C1- C8 alkyl; R4 is from H, or C1-C1 alkylene; k is 0-10 integer; R5 is from C1-C2 alkyl; and m is 1- 20 integer. The polyethers base oil is repres ented by the structural formula V, wherein R6 is from H, C1-C8 alkyl, alkylene, acyl, or hydroxy- free polyol residue group; R 7 is from C2-C4 alkylene; R8 is from H, C1-C1 alkyl, or acyl; n1 is 2-20 integer; and n2 is 1-6 integer. The polyol esters base oil is repres ented by the structural formula R9[OCOR1], wherein R9 is from C2-C12 alkyl; R1 is from H, or C1-C22 alkyl; and q is 2- 10 integer. The refrigerating machine oil also contains other additives, such as antioxidant, metal deactivator, defoaming agent, etc. The refrigerating machine oil composition can improve the extreme-pressure antiwear property of refrige rating machine oil, maintain lubric ating property in the long term, and be used in refrigeration plant, such as air conditioning and refrigerator. Keywords: refrigerating machine oil wear resistance Ra N N+ Rb I Rc + N Rd II Re Rf N + III available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 202 376 Method for ultra-deep desulfurization of fuel oil with Bronsted acidic ionic liquid By: Li, Can; Zhang, Boyu; Jiang, Zongxuan; Liu, Yan China, CN102732287 A 2012-10-17 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The method comprises mixing fuel oil (gasoline, diesel or kerosine containing thiophene and its derivatives) with Broensted acidic ionic liquid (HnmpX, HminX, HcpX and/or HpyX), catalyst (MoO3, V2O5, etc.) and H peroxide and reacting for 30 min to gain fuel oil with ultra-low S content, separating and recycling the ionic liquid The invention converts S in thiophenes into sulfate and can be easily removed, has simple process, mild reaction condition and low operation cost, and has thiophene compound removal rate of 99.5%, and the catalyst is recyclable and has unchanged activity. Keywords: desulfurization catalyst fuel oil Bronsted acidic ionic liquid available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 377 Simultaneous determination of trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate anions in ionic liquid by ion chromatography By: Li, Dan; Zhang, Xin; Yu, Hong Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue (2012), 2(3), 35-37 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus A method was developed for the determination of trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate anions by ion chromatog. with direct conductivity detection. Chromatog. separation was performed on a Shim- pack IC-A3 anion exchange column with potassium biphthalate as eluent. The optimized chromatog. conditions were as following: 1.2 mmol/L potassium biphth alate as eluent, column temperature of 30C, and flow rate of 1.0 m L/min. Under these conditions, detection limits for the anions were in range of 0.06-3.07 mg/L. The relative standard deviations (n=5) of the chromatog. retention time and peak area were less than 0.18% and 1.62%, resp. The method has been successfully applied to analyze trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoro methanesulfonate anion in ionic liquids The spiked recoveries of the anions were in the range of 98.2% to 102%. Keywords: trifluoroacetate tetrafluoroborate trifluoromethanesulfonate determination ion chromatog ionic liquid Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 378 Stretchable devices and methods of manufacture and use thereof By: Sotzing, Gregory A.; Ding, Yujie United States, US20120224247 A1 2012-09-06 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 203 Stretchable electrochromic devices are disclosed including a stretc hable electrochromic substrate; and a stretc hable and transp arent polymeric electrolyte coating or impregnating the stretchable electrochromic substrate. The stretchable electrochromic devices can find utility in the preparation of wearable electronic garments. Other devices using a stretc hable and transparent polymeric electrolyte are disclosed. Keywords: stretchable electrochromic device clothing polymer electr olyte available Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 379 COSMO-RS-Based Ionic -Liquid Selection for Extractive Distillation Processes By: Gutierrez, Juan Pablo; Meindersma, Geert Wytze; de Haan, Andre B. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2012), 51(35), 11518-11529 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A solvent selection methodol. for extractive distillation processes is applied to identify promising ionic liquid (IL) solvents for the following separation cases: methylcyclohexane/toluene, 1-hexene/n-hexane, and ethanol/water. Thermodn. and phase stability analyses are done in order to understand the strong interactions between the solutes and I Ls (solvents) and vice versa. The solvent preselection is done with COSMOtherm software (version C2.1, release 01.11a) . Selectivities and activity coefficients at infinite dilution are predicted. Variations in the IL structure (in the cations and anions) and their effect on the solubility and select ivity are theor. studied and exptl. confirmed. Suitable ILs are selected by experime ntation at finite dilution (real solutions) . A suitable IL for the separation of 1-hexene from n-hexane yielding a better perfor mance than the conventional solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N MP) was not found. Tetracyan oborate-based ILs seem to be promising solvents for the extractive distil lation of toluene from methylcyclohexane as a replacement of the conventional solvent NMP. For the separation of ethanol from water, the I Ls 1-ethyl-3methyl-imidazolium acetate and 1- ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide (due to its thermal stability) seem to be suitable candidates and possible replacements of ethylene glycol, which is used as a conven tional solvent for the separation of this mixture Keywords: COSMO RS ionic liquid solvent extractive distil lation binary mixture; methylcyclohexane toluene mixture ionic liquid solvent extractive distillation; hexene hexane mixture ionic liquid solvent extractive distillation; ethanol water mixture ionic liquid solvent extractive distillation Substances (74) Reactions (0) Citing (82) SciFinder Page 204 380 Method for synthesizing trioxane By: Bai, Zhenmin; Hu, Yufeng; Chen, Buning; Cao, Bin; Zhang, Xianru; Jin, Chuanwei; Zhang, Jinzhu; Wang, Zhixin China, CN102643264 A 2012-08-22 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a method for synthesizing trioxane via reaction of 30- 70% formaldehyde water solution with ionic liquid as catalyst in a rectification column with bottom temper ature of 96-101C and top temper ature of 90-95C for 3- 4 h. The cation of the ionic liquid is from quinoline-like cation, isoquinoline-like cation, pyrrolidone-like cation, pyrrolidine-like cation and piperidine-like cation; and the anion is from bisulfate ion, sulfate ion, sulfite ion, bisulfite ion, etc. The catalyst has simple preparation method, high activity, little dosage, good thermal stability, and the invention has mild reaction condition and good selectivity. Keywords: trioxane synthesis ionic liquid catalyst preparation (CH 2 ) 3 N SO3 H available Substances (53) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 381 Manufacture of electrically conducting polymers, and solid electrolytic capacitors and their manufacture By: Waki, Akiko; Tateishi, Kazuyuki; Oishi, Takahiro Japan, JP2012092177 A 2012-05-17 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The polymers are manufactured by polymerization of monomers in solutions containing ionic liquids having 1 anions selected from CF3SO2N-SO2CF3, carboxylic acid anions with p Ka 0, and sulfonic acid anions with p Ka 0. The capacitors are manufactured by using the method. The obtained capacitors are also claimed. Reaction of the monomers is accelerated by using the ionic liquids Keywords: elec conducting polymer manufacture ionic liquid ; electrolytic capacitor elec conducting polymer manufacture available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 205 382 Method and apparatus for recovery of iron-group elements and rare earth metals by electrolytic precipitation from ionic liquids By: Matsumiya, Masahiko; Tsunashima, Katsuhiko Japan, JP2012087329 A 2012-05-10 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Ionic liquid containing Fe-group metals and rare earth metals is treated (A) 1st for recovery of Fe- group metals by electr olytic precipitation and (B) then for recovery of rare earth metals by further electr olytic precipitation, in which the ionic liquid comprises cations of PR1R1R1R2 or NR3R3R3R4 and anions of B F4, PF6, N[SO2(CF2)nCF3]2, N(SO2F)2, SO3CF3, SO3CH3, CF3COO, SCN, N(CN)2, halogen, (R5O)2POO, (R6O)2PSS, and/or R7COO (R1, R3 = (un)substituted C2-6 linear, branched, or alicyclic alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy; R2, R4 = (un)substituted C1-14 linear, branched, or alicyclic alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy; total C count in onium is 20; each of R 1 and each of R 3 may differ or may be the same; R1 differs from R 2; R3 differs from R 4; R5-7 = (un)substituted C1-14 linear, branched, or alicyclic alkyl; n = 05). The rare earth metals in the ionic liquid may be concentrated by electrop horesis, after step A. The step A may be carried out under simultaneous dissolution of Fe group element sources. Also claimed is the apparatus for carrying out the given process comprising (1) a 1st tank including a 1st electrode for recovery of Fe-group metals and a 2nd electrode for recovery of rare earth metals, (2) a means for carrying out the electrophoretic concentration step in the 1st tank, and (3) a 2nd tank including a 3rd electrode for recovery of the concentrated rare earth metals. Keywords: ionic liquid electrolytic precipitation iron group metal recovery; electr olytic precipitation ionic liquid rare earth metal recovery available Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder 383 Procedure for the electrochemical hydrogen passivation of semiconductor layers By: Stenner, Patrik; Wieber, Stephan; Coelle, Michael; Patz, Matthias; Carius, Reinhard; Bronger, Torsten World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2012055693 A1 2012-05-03 | Language: German, Database: CAplus Page 206 The present invention relates to a method for the H passivation of semiconductor layers, wherein the semicon ductor layer (1) to be passivated is electrochem. passivated. In the context of the method according to the invention, in particular the semicon ductor layer (1) to be passivated can be inserted as a cathode into an electrolysis apparatus comprising an anode (3) and an electr olyte (2) containing a proton source, and an electrolysis voltage can be applied to the semiconductor (1) and the anode (3). Also, the present invention relates to semiconductor layers obtainable by the method according to the invention. Keywords: electrochem hydrogen passivation semiconductor layer available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 384 Determination of ionic liquid anions of trifluoroacetate, thiocyanate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate by ion-pair chromatography with direct conductivity detection By: Liu, Yuzhen; Yu, Hong; Zhang, Renqing Sepu (2012), 30(4), 384-390 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE An ion-pair chromatog. method with direct conduc tivity detection was established on a reversed- phase silica-based column for the simultaneous determination of ionic liquid anions of trifluoro acetate, thiocyanate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesu lfonate. The analytes were separated using a mobile phase of ion pair reagent- malic acid-acetonitrile on the Diamonsil C18 column. The effects of mobile phase composition and column temperature on the retention of the anions were investi gated. The optimized chromatog. conditions were as follows: 0.15 mmol/L tetrabutylammonium hydroxide-0.099 mmol/L malic acid-20% (volume/ volume) acetonitrile aqueous solution (pH 6.5) as mobile phase, and a column temper ature of 25. Under the optimal condit ions, the baseline separation of trifluoroacetate, thiocyanate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate was achieved without any interference by other ordinary anions (fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate) . The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.21, 0.07, 0.36 and 0.12 mg/L for trifluoroacetate, thiocyanate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate, resp. The method has been applied to the determination of the four anions in ionic liquids The spiked recoveries of the anions were from 95.0% to 104.6%. The results demonstrate that the convenience, rapidity, sensitivity and accuracy are fit for the requir ements of quant. anal. of trifluoroacetate, thiocyanate, tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate in ionic liquids Keywords: ionic liquid trifluoroacetate thiocyanate tetrafluoroborate trifluoromethanesulfonate ion pair chromatog Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder 385 Procedure for the electrochemical hydrogen passivation of semiconductor layers By: Stenner, Patrick; Wieber, Stephan; Coelle, Michael; Patz, Matthias; Carius, Reinhard; Bronger, Torsten Germany, DE102010049587 A1 2012-04-26 | Language: German, Database: CAplus Page 207 The present invention concerns a procedure for the H passivation of semiconductor layers, whereby the semiconductor layer which can be passivated electrochem. is passivated. In the context of the procedure according to invention can in particular the semicon ductor layer which can be passivated (1) as a cathode into electr olysis equipment with an anode (3) and, a source of proton containing electrolytes (2) to be used and an electr olysis voltage to the semiconductor layer (1) and the anode (3) to be applied. Beyond that the present invention concerns available semiconductor layers by the procedure according to invention. Keywords: electrochem hydrogen passivation semiconductor layer available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 386 Free Volume as the Basis of Gas Solubility and Selectivity in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids By: Shannon, Matthew S.; Tedstone, Jason M.; Danielsen, Scott P. O.; Hindman, Michelle S.; Irvin, A. Christopher; Bara, Jason E. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2012), 51(15), 5565-5576 | Language: English, Database: CAplus While molar volume-based models for gas solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed, free volume within the I L can be shown to be the underlying property driving gas solubility and selectivity. Previously published observations as to the distinct differ ences in solubility trends for gases such as C H4 and N2 relative to CO2 in systematically varied ILs can be attributed to pos. and neg. effects arising from increasing free volume with increasing alkyl chain length. Through the use of COSMOtherm as a powerful and rapid tool to calculate free volumes in 165 existing and theor. 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Cnmim][X]) ILs, a previously unrepo rted, yet speculated, critical underlying relationship between gas solubility in I Ls is herein described. These results build upon previous assertions that Regular Solution Theory is applicable to imidazolium-based ILs, which appeared to indicate that a global maximum had already been observed for CO2 solubility in imidazolium-based ILs. However, the findings of this computa tional study suggest that the perceived maximum in CO2 solubility might be exceeded through rational design of I Ls. We observe that although Henry's constants in ILs are dependent on the inverse of molar volume and free volume, the volume- normalized solubility of CH4 and N2 are proportional to free volume, while C O2 is inversely proportional to the square root of free volume Our free volume model is compared to exptl. data for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity, and a nearly identical plot of select ivity relative to IL molar volume can be generated from the computational method alone. The overall implic ation is that large, highly deloca lized anions paired with imidazolium cations that have minimally sized alkyl chains may hold the key to achieving greater C O2 solubility and selectivity in ILs. Keywords: free volume gas solubility selectivity alkylmethylimidazolium ionic liquid Substances (205) Reactions (0) Citing (188) SciFinder 387 Ionic liquid solvent and gas purification method using the same By: Zhang, Xiangping; Zhao, Yansong; Zeng, Shaojuan; Zhang, Suojiang; Dong, Haifeng; Zhen, Yingpeng; Huang, Lei World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2012037736 A1 2012-03-29 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Page 208 Ionic liquids consist of absorb ents, regulators for the absorbents, auxiliary absorbents, activators, antioxidants, and water. Thus, diethanolamine and HBF4 were mixed in EtOH to prepare a salt for an ionic liquid Keywords: ionic liquid gas purification absorbent; ethanolamine fluoroborate ionic liquid absorbent gas available Substances (62) Reactions (5) Citing (1) 388 Hydrogenation of aromatic compounds to cycloolefins in presence of transition metal, ionic liquid and water By: Claus, Peter; Lucas, Martin; Schwab, Frederick World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2012038467 A2 2012-03-29 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a catalyst system for hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons into cycloolefins, wherein the catalyst system comprises a transition metal, an ionic liquid and water. Thus, benzene 50 m L, water 100 mL, N-butyl-3-methylpyridinium dicyanamide were mixed, and hydrog enated in the presence of ruthenium /alumina at 100 and 20 bar for 120 min to give a product with conversion 52% containing 79% cyclohexane, and 21% cycloh exene. Keywords: benzene hydrogenation cyclohexane cyclohexene preparation; ruthenium alumina butylme thylpyridinium dicyanamide water hydrogenation catalyst available Substances (28) Reactions (2) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 209 389 Hydrogenation of aromatic compounds to cycloolefins in presence of transition metal, ionic liquid and water By: Claus, Peter; Lucas, Martin; Schwab, Frederick Germany, DE102010045840 A1 2012-03-22 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a catalyst system for hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons into cycloolefins, wherein the catalyst system comprises a transition metal, an ionic liquid and water. Thus, benzene 50 m L, water 100 mL, N-butyl-3-methylpyridinium dicyanamide were mixed, and hydrog enated in the presence of ruthenium /alumina at 100 and 20 bar for 120 min to give a product with conversion 52% containing 79% cyclohexane, and 21% cycloh exene. Keywords: benzene hydrogenation cyclohexane cyclohexene preparation; ruthenium alumina butylme thylpyridinium dicyanamide water hydrogenation catalyst available Substances (28) Reactions (2) Citing (0) 390 Fuel cell control apparatus and fuel cell system By: Miwa, Hiromichi Japan, JP4892875 B2 2012-03-07 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The title apparatus controls the moisture content of the electrolyte in a fuel cell using an ionic liquid containing 1 mol. cation and 1 mol. anion as an electrolyte and has a moisture content contro lling means for mainta ining or increasing the moisture content in the electrolyte when the fuel cell is operated at low temperat ure/low load condition and reducing the moisture content in the electr olyte when the fuel cell is operated at high temperat ure/high load condition. The fuel cell system has the fuel cell control apparatus and the ionic liquid as the electrolyte. Keywords: fuel cell electrolyte moisture content control apparatus available Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 391 Catalytic reactions using ionic liquids By: Corradini, Andrew; Mccomick, Jarod United States, US20120029245 A1 2012-02-02 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Page 210 A method of catalytically forming reaction products can include providing an ionic liquid phase. The ionic liquid phase can include a catalyst and an ionic liquid At least one reactant can be reacted (14, 16) in the ionic liquid phase to produce reaction products which include at least one of methanol and di-Me ether. In particular, the ionic liquid can be hydrophobic sufficient to prevent substantial water in the ionic liquid phase. The use of ionic liquids can substantially reduce or eliminate residual catalyst carrier, i.e. ionic liquid , in downstream steps. Keywords: fuel synthesis catalytic reaction ionic liquid available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 392 Composition comprising fluoropolymer and ionic liquid By: Fukushi, Tatsuo; Miyazawa, Haruhiko; Fujita, Jun; Toyota, Atsushi; Lamanna, William M.; Chou, Shih-Hung World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2012006487 A2 2012-01-12 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Described herein is a composition comprising (i) a fluorop olymer having a first glass transition temper ature and (ii) an ionic liquid , wherein the blend of (i) and (ii) has a single, secondglass transition temperature, which is different from the first glass transition temperature Thus, composition was made by mixing 0.18 m L of N-butyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide with 3 mL of the Dyneon FC 2178 (fluoroelastomer) solution to give a ratio of fluoroel astomer /ionic liquid = 35/65 (by volume). Keywords: fluoropolymer ionic liquid blend available Substances (57) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 211 393 SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of bioadditives By: Liao, Xiaoyuan; Wang, Sheng-Guang; Xiang, Xiaomin; Zhu, Yulei; She, Xichun; Li, Yongwang Fuel Processing Technology (2012), 96, 74-79 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Three kinds of SO3H-functionalized Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids with different acidities were applied to the etherification of glycerol with tert-Bu alc. High conversion and good select ivity were obtained under mild condit ions. Among the ionic liquids investi gated, those having a HSO4 - anion afforded the highest glycerol conversion and those having a F3CSO3 - anion afforded the largest head product selectivity for glycerol etherification. The min.-energy geometries and exptl. results show that acidities and catalytic activities of ionic liquids are not only related to their structures but also to their immisci bility. Keywords: sulfonyl functionalized ionic liquid catalyst glycerol esterification biodiesel Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (25) 394 Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction in Protic Ionic Liquids By: Ueki, Takeshi; Watanabe, Masayoshi; Yoshida, Ryo Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2012), 51(48), 11991-11994 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in protic ionic liquids is discussed. Keywords: Belousov Zhabotinsky reaction protic ionic liquid Substances (35) Reactions (0) Citing (23) 395 Solvent effects in ionic liquids : empirical linear energy-density relationships By: Cerda-Monje, A.; Aizman, A.; Tapia, R. A.; Chiappe, C.; Contreras, R. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2012), 14(28), 10041-10049 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Multiparameter linear energy-d. relations to model solvent effects in room temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs ) are introduced and tested. The model incorporates two solvent dependent and two specific solute- solvent parameters represented by a set of electronic indexes derived from the conceptual d. functional theory. The specific solute-solvent interactions are described in terms of the electronic chem. potential for proton migration between the anion or cation and the transition state structure of a specific reaction. These indexes provide a quant. estimation of the hydrogen bond (HB) acceptor basicity and the hydrogen bond donor acidity of the ionic solvent, resp. A sound quant. scale of H B strength is thereby obtained. The solvent dependent contrib utions are described by the global electrophilicity of the cation and nucleophilicity of the anion forming the ionic liquid The model is illust rated for the kinetics of cycload dition of cyclopentadiene towards acrolein. In general, cation HB acidity outweighs the remaining parameters for this reaction. Keywords: solvent ionic liquid empirical linear energy density Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (15) SciFinder Page 212 396 Steering the enzymatic activity of proteins by ionic liquids . A case study of the enzyme kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase By: Weibels, Sebastian; Syguda, Adrian; Herrmann, Christian; Weingaertner, Hermann Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2012), 14(13), 4635-4639 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE We explore ion-specific effects exerted by ionic liquids (ILs) on the enzyme kinetics of yeast alc. dehydro genase. The MichaelisMenten reaction scheme is used to parame terize the observed kinetics in terms of the apparent dissoc iation constant of the substrate (Michaelis-Menten constant) KM, the turnover number kcat, which reflects the number of product mols. per enzyme mol. per s, and the enzymic efficiency kcat/KM of the reaction. Results for fifteen salts are used to deduce Hofmeister anion and cation series. The ion rankings derived from KM, kcat and kcat/KM differ markedly. Only the results for the enzymic efficiency correspond to expectations from other phenomena, such as the thermal stability of native proteins. Anion variation has a signifi cantly larger effect on the enzymic efficiency than cation variation. All ILs decrease kcat relative to its value for the I L-free solution, thus driving enzyme deactivation. Enhancements of the enzymic efficiency by some ions are founded in their effects on the Michaelis- Menten constant The observed Hofmeister anion and cation series point toward hydrophobic interactions as an important factor contro lling ionspecific effects on the enzymic activity. Keywords: protein ionic liquid kinetics yeast alc dehydrogenase Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (23) 397 Significant contributions of ionic liquids containing tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate to antagonisms and synergisms in multi-component mixtures By: Zhang, Jing; Liu, Shu-Shen; Yu, Zhen-Yang; Liu, Hai-Ling Journal of Hazardous Materials (2012), 209-210, 158-163 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Recent toxicity studies on ionic liquids (ILs) are challenging their postulation as green solvents. Previous reports on mixtures containing ILs make it urgent to reveal the respon sible components for the toxicity interactions. For that purpose, 8 I Ls, 4 consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim]) and the others of 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]), were selected as mixture compon ents. The concentrations of 8 ILs in mixtures were set up by the uniform design. The inhibition toxicities of single I Ls and mixtures to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined by microplate toxicity anal. Combined toxicity was evaluated by the difference between the effects observed and predicted by the concentration addition model. Using the variable selection and modeling method based on the prediction (VSMP), it was found that the antagonism/synergism induced by the mixtures of eight I Ls was related to [emim]BF4/[emim]CF3SO3. To further illustrate the toxicity interactions, 8 ILs were split into 2 mixture groups, one containing 4 [emim]-based ILs and the other 4 [bmim] -based ILs. The [emim]-group exhibited synergism while [bmim]-group resulted in antagonism. It was interesting that both the synergism and antagonism well related to the concent ration ratio of ILs with BF4-. When ILs with BF4- were deleted from corresp onding mixtures, the toxicity interactions (synergism/antagonism) disappeared. Keywords: ionic liquid tetrafluoroborate trifluoromethanesulfonate antagonism synergism multiComponent mixture Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (25) SciFinder Page 213 398 A group contribution method for estimation of glass transition temperature ionic liquids By: Gharagheizi, Farhad; Ilani-Kashkouli, Poorandokht; Mohammadi, Amir H. Chemical Engineering Science (2012), 81, 91-105 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In this study, a new accurate model is presented for estimation of the glass transition temperature of ionic liquids To develop this simple model, the contribution of ILs' anions and cations are sep. considered through a number of occurr ences of 50 substru ctures (17 anion-based and 33 cation-based). This simple model shows a low average relative deviation (A ARD) of 3.65% for a data set including 496 (396 for training and 100 for validation) exptl. glass transition temperature Furthermore, the predictive power of the model is evaluated using the NIST Standard Reference Database #147 data. The model shows an A ARD% of 4.3%. Keywords: group contribution method estimation glass transition temper ature ionic liquid Substances (442) Reactions (0) Citing (15) 399 A favourable solubility of isoniazid, an antitubercular antibiotic drug, in alternative solvents By: Forte, Andreia; Melo, Catarina I.; Bogel-Lukasik, Rafal; Bogel-Lukasik, Ewa Fluid Phase Equilibria (2012), 318, 89-95 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The sufficient solubility of isoniazid in alternative solvents obtained in this work can open new perspe ctives in pharmaceutical processing. Solid- liquid equilibrium (SLE) measurements have been made using a dynamic (synthetic) method. The m.p. and the enthalpy of fusion of isoniazid were acquired using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solubility of isoniazid in bis (trifluor omethylsulfonyl)amide ionic liquids was found to be significantly lower than in the studied trifluoro methanesulfonate ionic liquid The best solvent amongst studied for this common antibiotic against tuberculosis was discovered. The solid- liquid phase equili brium were described using the six different correl ation equations which revealed relatively good descri ption with the acceptable standard deviation temperature range. Keywords: isoniazid antitubercular antibiotic drug altern ative solvent solubility Substances (8) Reactions (0) Citing (70) SciFinder Page 214 400 Comparison of different imidazolium supported ionic liquid polymeric phases with strong anionexchange character for the extraction of acidic pharmaceuticals from complex environmental samples By: Bratkowska, Dominika; Fontanals, Nuria; Ronka, Sylwia; Trochimczuk, Andrzej W.; Borrull, Francesc; Marce, Rosa M. Journal of Separation Science (2012), 35(15), 1953-1958 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Analytical Methods available Two imidazolium supported ionic liquid phases (SILPs) containing different anions, trifluoromethanesulfonate [CF3SO3-], and tetrafluoroborate [BF4-], were synthesized and evaluated as solid-phase extraction sorbents for extracting acidic pharmace uticals from aqueous samples under strong anion-exchange conditions, which include an effective cleanup of the sample. The best S ILP material [MI+][CF3SO3-] was selected and succes sfully applied to the determination of acidic pharmaceuticals in different types of water samples (river water and effluent wastewater). The results were then compared to the previously synthe sized SILP material based on [MI+][CF3COO-] and the com. available Oasis M AX sorbent. Keywords: imidazolium supported ionic liquid polymeric phase anion exchange extraction; ionic liquid polymeric phase anion exchange extraction pharmaceutical water Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (22) 401 Liquid -vapor equilibrium in systems containing the ionic liquid [TEA][triflate] By: Zhuchkov, V. I.; Nazanskii, S. L.; Reshetov, S. A.; Frolkova, A. K. Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya (Moscow, Russian Federation) (2012), 13(3), 160-164 | Language: Russian, Database: CAplus In this paper, the exptl. results on some physico-chem. properties of ionic liquid [triethylammonium] [trifluoromethanesulfonate], phase liquid -vapor equilibrium in its binary mixtures with acetone and chloro form, the math. model of vapor- liquid equilibrium and the potential use of an ionic liquid as a separating agent in extractive distil lation mixture of acetone and chloro form. Keywords: trifluoromethanesulfonate triethylammonium ionic liquid vapor equili brium system Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 402 Ionic liquids as heat transfer medium By: Schubert, T. J. S.; Sahin, H.; Beyerdorff, T.; Baer, K.; Goetz, M.; Buchholz, D.; Ortloff, F. Cleantech Conference & Showcase, Santa Clara, CA, United States, June 18-21, 2012 (2012), 46-48 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Heat transfer media are of great importance for many industrial processes in which heat needs to be transported or transformed. Ionic liquids possess a couple of unique features that allow the develo pment of new highly specialized applications. The combin ation of very low vapor pressure, good heat capacity and high thermal stability allows the use of ionic liquids as heat transfer media at very low pressures or under vacuum. Keywords: ionic liquid heat transfer medium Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 215 403 COSMO-RS Based Predictions for the Extraction of Lignin from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Ionic Liquids : Effect of Cation and Anion Combination By: Balaji, Chilukoti; Banerjee, Tamal; Goud, Vaibhav V. Journal of Solution Chemistry (2012), 41(9), 1610-1630 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A total of 34 cations belonging to 6 classes and 34 anions resulting in 1156 possible combinations are screened using the quantum chem. based COSMO-RS (COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) model. The Hildebrand solubility parameter ( H) is calculated using the predicted infinite dilution activity coefficient ( ) of lignin in ionic liquids at 303.15 K. Initial benchm arking is performed by predicting the Hildebrand solubility parameter of lignin in ionic liquids Comparison with literature values involving 12 ILs gives the average root mean square deviation (R MS) as 10.15 %. Except for anions based on hexafluoro phosphate [PF6], bis (oxalato(2)borate) [BOB], tetracyanoborate [B(CN)4] and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide [BTA], all the cation-anion combinations have calculated solubility parameters equal to that of lignin at 303.15 K, indicating high solubilities for lignin. Keywords: lignocellulosic biomass lignin ionic liquid extraction COSMO RS Substances (69) Reactions (0) Citing (25) 404 CNT/conductive polymer composites for low-voltage driven EAP actuators By: Sugino, Takushi; Shibata, Yoshiyuki; Kiyohara, Kenji; Asaka, Kinji Proceedings of SPIE (2012), 8340, 83400T/1-83400T/8 | Language: English, Database: CAplus We investigated the effects of additives incorporated into the electrode layer in order to improve the actuation perfor mance of drytype carbon nanotube (CNT) actuators. Especially, the addition of conductive nano-particles such as polyaniline (PANI) and polypy rrole (PPy) improves actuation perfor mance very much rather than the addition of noncond uctive nano-particles such as mesoporous silica (MCM-41 type). In this paper, we studied on the influences of applied voltage, species of ionic liquid (IL), amounts of IL, thickness of actuator to optimize actuation perfor mance. Imidazolium type ionic liquids with three different anions, i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI) as a cation and tetrafluo roborate (BF4), trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf), and bis(trifluor omethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) as anions were chosen in this study. E MIBF4 is the most suitable IL for our C NT actuator including PA NI in the electrode layer. We tuned the amount of I L and the thickness of actuator. As a result, the strain was improved to be 2.2% at 0.1 Hz by applying the voltage of 2.5 V. This improved value is almost 2 times larger than our previous results. We also show the potential of improved CNT actuators for a thin and light Braille display. Keywords: CNT conductive polymer composite voltage E AP actuator Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 216 405 Ionic liquids as heat transfer medium By: Schubert, T. J. S.; Sahin, H.; Beyersdorff, T.; Baer, K.; Goetz, M.; Buchholz, D.; Ortloff, F. Edited by Laudon, Matthew; Romanowicz, Bart Nanotech Conference & Expo 2012: An Interdisciplinary Integrative Forum on Nanotechnology, Microtechnology, Biotechnology and Cleantechnology, Santa Clara, CA, United States, June 18-21, 2012 (2012), 3, 436-438 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Heat transfer media are of great importance for many industrial processes in which heat needs to be transported or transformed. Ionic liquids possess a couple of unique features that allow the develo pment of new highly specialized applications. The combin ation of very low vapor pressure, good heat capacity and high thermal stability allows the use of ionic liquids as heat transfer media at very low pressures or under vacuum. Keywords: heat transfer medium ionic liquid Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 406 Extraction of naphthenic acids from liquid hydrocarbon using imidazolium ionic liquids By: Kamarudin, Hasiah; Abdul Mutalib, Mohamed Ibrahim; Man, Zakaria; Azmi, Mohamad International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering (2012), 32, 17-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus In the petroleum processing industry, the presence of carboxylic acids in the form of naphthenic acid could cause severe corrosion to the crude oil processing units, pipelines and storage tanks. This study investigates the potential of using ionic liquids as naphthenic acids extractor from a model hydrocarbon liquid i.e., dodecane. The ionic liquids 1-n-butyl-imidazolium with three different anions namely thiocyanate [SCN], octylsulfate [OCS] and trifluoromethanesulfonate [OTF] are used to extract two types of carboxylic acids namely benzoic acid and n-hexanoic acid, from the hydroc arbon liquid The results show that the ionic liquids exhibit high extraction efficiency for both carboxylic acids used. Using computational mol. simulation software i.e., C OSMO-RS, the interaction mechanism is invest igated based on surface polarization charge densities. From the simulation results, the extraction performance of the ionic liquids is predicted based on capacity and selectivity parameter. Comparison between the exptl. results and the simulation prediction shows good agreement with each other. Keywords: hydrocarbon imidazolium ionic liquid naphthenic acid extraction Substances (6) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 217 407 Rapid determination of trifluoromethanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate by ion-pair chromatography using a reversed-phase silica-based monolithic column: Application to the analysis of ionic liquids By: Li, Siwen; Yu, Hong; Ma, Yajie Chromatographia (2011), 74(11-12), 759-765 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Analytical Methods available A method of ion-pair chromatog. was developed on a reversed- phase silica-based monolithic column for the fast and simult aneous determination of trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3 -) and p-toluenesulfonate (C7H7SO3 -). The anal. was performed using a mobile phase of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide + citric acid + aceton itrile on the Chromolith Speed R OD RP-18e column with direct conductivity detection. The effects of the eluent, column temper ature, and flow rate on the retention of the anions were investi gated. The exptl. phenomenon was discussed according to hydrop hobic interaction and ion-exchange mechanism in the separation The optimized chromatog. conditions were selected. The optimized eluent for the separation consisted of 0.2 mmol L-1 tetrabuty lammonium hydroxide + 0.10 mmol L -1 citric acid + 9% aceton itrile (pH 5.5). The flow rate was set at 6.0 m L min-1. The column temperature was 25. Under the optimal condit ions, the better separation of C F3SO3- and C7H7SO3- was achieved without any interf erence by other anions (Cl -, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, ClO3-, BF4-, and PF6-). The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.28 and 0.71 mg L -1 for CF3SO3 - and C7H7SO3-, resp. The method was applied to the determination of CF3SO3- and C7H7SO3- in ionic liquids The spiked recoveries of CF3SO3- and C7H7SO3- were 101.1 and 100.2%, resp. Keywords: fluoromethanesulfonate toluenesulfonate determination ionic liquid ion pair chromatog Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 408 Method for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers utilizing ionic liquid catalyst in circulating tubular reactor By: Chen, Jing; Song, Heyuan; Xia, Chungu; Li, Zhen United States, US20110288343 A1 2011-11-24 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention is a method for preparing polyoxymethylene di-Me ethers by a continuous acetyl ation reaction of trioxymethylene and methanol or methylal catalyzed by an ionic liquid The processing apparatus used in the method includes a reaction zone, a separation zone, a catalyst regeneration zone and a product dehydration zone. The method is utilized in a circul ating tubular reactor resulting in a high external heat exchange efficiency with a simple structure of design and a low investment. A film evaporator is used for rapid separation and recycling of the light component with a high separation efficiency. The separation of the catalyst solution from the crude product is simple, thereby, leading to easy regeneration and recycling of the catalyst. Keywords: trioxymethylene acetylation circulating tubular reactor ionic liquid catalyst available Substances (11) Reaction (1) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 218 409 Porous cellulose particles and their manufacture by using ionic liquids By: Suzuki, Yasuyuki; Hirano, Masaru; Kanda, Akihisa Japan, JP2011214003 A 2011-10-27 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The porous cellulose particles, useful for adsorbents, are manufactured by forming droplets of solutions containing cellulose and ionic liquids in the air and solidifying the cellulose by contact with cellulose- insoluble solvents that are miscible with ionic liquids Thus, dissolving 0.29 g microcrystalline cellulose in 8 g 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, dropping the solution through a syringe into water under vibrating the syringe, gave a spherical particle with average particle size 930 m and pore size 1180 nm. Keywords: cellulose porous particle imidazolium ionic liquid droplet solidification available Substances (41) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 410 Liquid sorbent, method of using a liquid sorbent, and device for sorbing a gas By: Dinnage, Paul; Kalb, Roland United States, US20110247494 A1 2011-10-13 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A method for sorbing a gas using an ionic liquid to sorb a vapor having an elec. multi- pole moment. The ionic liquid comprises an anion and a cation. The elec. multi-pole moment may be an elec. dipole moment and/or an elec. quadru- pole moment. The sorption may be an adsorption or an absorption. The ionic liquid may be a liquid that substantially contains only anions and cations, while not containing other components, such as water. Alternatively, a solution containing the ionic liquid and a solvent or further compound, such as water, may be used. Keywords: liquid sorbent device sorbing gas carbon dioxide removal available Substances (214) Reactions (0) Citing (7) SciFinder Page 219 411 Ionic Liquids in Mechanical Engineering By: Schluecker, Eberhard; Wasserscheid, Peter Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2011), 83(9), 1476-1484 | Language: English, German, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids (ILs) offer many possibilities for improving the properties of machines that rely on lubricants or operating liquids The studies presented here showed that different ionic liquids are suitable to, e.g., make high pressure processes more efficient and reduce fuel consumption of combustion engines. It is shown that ionic liquids can increase the perfor mance for all machines with lubricants or operating liquids The only obstacle to the widespread use of ionic liquids in the machine technol. is the potential corrosivity of ILs that generally prohibits the use of conven tional materials. Keywords: ion liquid mech engineering lubricant combustion engine Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (10) 412 Method for electrodeposition of Zn, Ni, Mo and their alloy in ionic liquid By: Zhang, Suojiang; Zuo, Yong; Zhang, Jianmin; Zheng, Yong; Ma, Meiyan China, CN102191517 A 2011-09-21 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title method comprises using ionic liquid as electrolyte, preparing plating solution with Zn salt, Ni salt, and Mo salt in ionic liquid , using Zn, Ni, Mo or their alloy as soluble anode, or using graphite, composite carbon, glassy carbon, tungsten, titaniumbased platinum-plating material as nonsol. anode, using to- be-plated object as cathode, and electrodepositing under c.d. of 1- 30 m A/cm2 while controlling c.d. and electrodeposition time to obtain the needed thickness of plating layer. . Keywords: electrodeposition zinc nickel molybdenum alloy ionic liquid available Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 220 413 Thermobacteria in a base of ionic liquids and its use for the production of electricity By: Dupont, Jairton; Goncalves, Reinaldo Simoes; Consorti, Crestina Susi; Reis, Luiz Fernando Magalhaes Brazil, BR2009004308 A2 2011-06-28 | Language: Portuguese, Database: CAplus This report describes a thermobacteria for generating electricity. The thermobacteria described in this report employ different ionic liquids and ion pairs and different redox electr odes. In this invention are described electr ochem. devices for generating electricity from a temper ature difference between two electrodes in which, between them, are placed different types of redox couples scattered in different types of ionic liquids as well as different metals used as electr odes. The thermobacteria revealed in this report consists of a semi-cell that operates at low temper ature and a semi- cell that operates at a higher temper ature The thermobacteria can still operate under different conditions, as well as different electrolytes, which in the case consists of ionic liquids , redox couple concent ration, temperature difference of the semi- cell, and operating time of the cell in open circuit. As described above, thermobacteria using ionic liquids as electrolytes and solvents were not yet described in scientific and tech. litera ture. The thermobacterium described in this report does not operate at very high tempera tures, as in the case of using molten salts, and not too cold, as in the case of using water as solvent to prepare solutions Keywords: thermobacteria ionic liquid electricity generation redox ion pair available Substances (50) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 414 Method and apparatus for electric recovery of platinum group elements and/or rare earth metals using ionic liquids By: Matsumiya, Masahiko; Tsunashima, Katsuhiko Japan, JP2011122242 A 2011-06-23 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Resources containing Pt-group elements and rare earth elements are dissolved in an ionic liquid and then successively treated for (1) recovery of Pt-group metals by electrodeposition, (2) recovery of rare earth metals by electrode position, and (3) concentration of rare earth metals by electrophoresis. The ionic liquid comprises R2P+R13 or R4N+R33 (R1, R3 = C2-6 (un)substituted linear, branched, or alicyclic alkyl; R2, R4 = C1-14 (un)substituted linear, branched, or alicyclic alkyl; total C counts for both cations are 20) and 1 anion(s) selected from (S O2F)2N-, N(CN)2-, [CF3(CF2)nSO2]2N- (n = 0- 5), CF3SO3-, PF6-, and BF4-. Methods for recovery of the metals by carrying out the 1st and/or the 3rd process are also claimed. The process is suitable for recovery of the metals from used catalysts, superconductors, etc. Keywords: platinum group recovery ionic liquid electrodeposition; electrophoresis rare earth metal recycling; ionic liquid electrodeposition platinum group metal available Substances (21) Reactions (4) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 221 415 Antimicrobial system By: Earle, Martyn; Seddon, Ken; Gilea, Manuela; Boberly, Gabor; Gilmore, Brendan; Gorman, Sean; Mclaughlin, Martin United States, US20110144079 A1 2011-06-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to the use of ionic liquids as antimicrobial agents, and to the use of antimic robial compositions comprising an ionic liquid , a film-enhancing composition and a viscosity contro lling agent. The invention further relates to methods of disinfecting substrate surfaces, to substrates produced by such methods, and to novel ionic liquid compositions Keywords: ionic liquid antimicrobial systems available Substances (115) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 416 Fast Solvent Screening for the Simultaneous Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrification of Diesel Oil Using Ionic Liquids By: Anantharaj, Ramalingam; Banerjee, Tamal Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data (2011), 56(6), 2770-2785 | Language: English, Database: CAplus 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM], 1-ethylpyridinium [EPY], 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium [EPYRO], 4-ethyl-4-methylmorpholium [EMMOR], 1-ethyl-1-methylpiperidinium [EMPIP], and 1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium [TMPYZO] based cations along with 25 anions were investigated as possible solvents for the simultaneous hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrification (HDN) of diesel oil at T = 298.15 K. The infinite dilution activity coefficient (IDAC) of thiophene (TS), benzothiophene (BTS), dibenzothiophene (DBTS), pyrrole (PYR), indole (IND), indoline (INDI), carbazole (CAR), benzocarbazole (BCAR), pyridine (PY), quinoline (QU), and benzoquinoline (BQU) was predicted via the quantum chem. based COSMO-RS (COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) model. Subsequ ently, the selectivity and capacity at infinite dilution were used as indicators for the possible screening of ionic liquids (ILs). [EMMOR], [E MPYRO], and [EMPIP] based cations gave lesser activity coefficient values at infinite dilution as compared to [E MIM], [EPY], and [TMP YZO] based cations. [DMP], [BTA], [OcSu], and [MSACN] anions, having a different electr oneg. atom such as N (nitrogen), O (oxygen), and S (sulfur), resp., play a signif icant role in increasing the selectivity. High activity coefficients at infinite dilution values were observed for basic nitrogen compounds as compared to the nonbasic nitrogen compounds irresp. of the cation and anion. Evidently, [EMMOR] and [EPYRO] gave higher solvent capacity values at infinite dilution irresp. of the aromatic nitrogen and sulfur compounds Keywords: solvent screening hydrodesulfurization hydrodenitrification diesel oil ionic liquid Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (35) SciFinder Page 222 417 CO2/N2 Selectivity Prediction in Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) by COSMO-RS By: Gonzalez-Miquel, Maria; Palomar, Jose; Omar, Salama; Rodriguez, Francisco Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2011), 50(9), 5739-5748 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The quantum chem. COSMO-RS (conductor-like screening model for real solvents) method was used to describe supported ionic liquid membranes (SILM) with an enhanced capacity to selectively sep. CO2 from N2, to contribute to the design of post-combustion CO2 capture technologies based on ionic liquid (IL) solvents. First, the predictive capability of the COSMO-RS method was evaluated by a comparison with a range of exptl. selectivity data; a further optimi zation based on the Henry's Law constant of each I L solute was developed to improve CO2/N2 selectivity predictions in SILM. The optimized COSMO-RS approach was used to design suitable SILM systems for C O2/N2 separation by driving a computa tional screening of 224 I L; results illustrated the capability of [SC N-]-based IL to enhance the selective separation of C O2 from N2. To better understand S ILM behavior for CO2 separation, CO2/N2 selectivity differences among IL were successfully related to the excess enthalpy of C O2-IL and N2-IL mixtures in solution predicted by COSMO-RS. Also, inter-mol. interactions (electrostatic, H-bonding, van der Waals) between C O2-IL and N2-IL systems in the liquid phase, quantified by COSMO-RS, were analyzed to contribute to the rational selection of S ILM with pos. characteristics for selective CO2/N2 separation Keywords: carbon dioxide nitrogen separation supported ionic liquid membrane; modeling ionic liquid membrane selectivity carbon dioxide nitrogen separation; power generation post combustion flue gas carbon dioxide capture Substances (55) Reactions (0) Citing (81) 418 Ionic liquid composite extractant for separating asphaltene, preasphaltene and/or heavy oil from coal direct liquefaction residues By: Lai, Shiyao; Chen, Xuelian; Sheng, Ying; Zhang, Xiangping; Dong, Haifeng China, CN102041014 A 2011-05-04 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus An ionic liquid composite extractant for separating heavy materials from direct coal liquef action residues contains an ionic liquid 1-99 weight% and an organic solvent 1- 99 weight% (both of which are mutually soluble) , in which 1 imidazole-series ionic liquid The organic solvent is an alc. (e.g., ethylene glycol or ethanol), an amine (e.g., ethanolamine or triethanolamine), a ketone (e.g., 1methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and a pyridine-series solvent. The imidazole series cation is imidazole with different branched carbon chains. The anions are Cl-, I-, Tf2N- (Tf is triflate), etc. The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [Bmin]Cl; 1-ethyl-3-methylimi dazolium chloride, [Emim]Cl; 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoroborate, [Omim][BF4], etc.. The asphaltenes, preasphaltenes, and heavy oils are separated from the coal liquefaction residues (with size <1 mm and water content <3 weight%) is added to the extrac tant-containing extraction container, with a liquef action residue- ionic liquid weight ratio of 0.5-3:10, stirring at room temper ature to 150 for 5-120 min, cooling to room temper ature, filtering, distilling the filtrate, adding water 2- 6 volume times to the ionic liquid , stripping to obtain the solid, and filtering the solid- liquid mixture The heavy materials can be further separated by distill ation, fractionation, or solvent re-extraction The obtained asphaltenes can be used in preparing mesophase pitch or carbon fiber materials. Keywords: ionic liquid composite extractant separation asphaltene preasph altene heavy oil; coal liquefaction residue asphaltene separation ionic liquid available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 223 419 Solid-state sodium-based secondary cell having a sodium ion conductive ceramic separator By: Boxley, Chett; Coors, W. Grover; Watkins, John Joseph United States, US20110104526 A1 2011-05-05 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention provides a solid-state sodium-based secondary cell (or rechargeable battery). While the secondary cell can include any suitable component, in some cases, the secondary cell comprises a solid sodium metal neg. electrode that is disposed in a nonaqueous neg. electrolyte solution that includes an ionic liquid Addnl., the cell comprises a pos. electrode that is disposed in a pos. electrolyte solution In order to sep. the neg. electrode and the neg. electr olyte solution from the pos. electr olyte solution, the cell includes a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane. Because the cell's neg. electrode is in a solid state as the cell functions, the cell may operate at room temperature Addnl., where the neg. electr olyte solution contains the ionic liquid , the ionic liquid may impede dendrite formation on the surface of the neg. electrode as the cell is recharged and sodium ions are reduced onto the neg. electrode. Keywords: secondary battery sodium ion conductive ceramic separator available Substances (35) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 420 Laminated structures, their manufacture, optical materials, and formation of coating films By: Ito, Kiyoshi Japan, JP2011072878 A 2011-04-14 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus Title laminated structures are manufactured by (1) mixing (A1) radiation- curable compositions for formation of hard-coat layers, (A2) solvents for A1, (B1) ionic liquids , (B2) matrix polymers for B1, and (C) solvents compatible with A2 and B2 and having lower b.p. than that of A2, (2) applying the resulting 1-component-type coating solutions on substrates, (3) volatilizing C for formation of films having phase-separation structures, (4) volatilizing A2 in the films, and (5) irradi ating the film with radiation. The obtained laminated structures and optical materials having the laminated structures are also claimed. The coating films are manufactured using 1-component-type coating solutions The laminated structures are useful for antiref lective films and hard-coat films in displays. Thus, a composition containing PET 30 (pentaerythritol triacrylate), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl-Nethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate, polyethylene oxide, and acetone was applied on an A 4100 (P ET) substrate, kept at 60 for 1 min, kept at 80 for 30 s, and irradiated with UV light to give a test piece showing good antistatic property and high interlayer adhesion strength. Keywords: radiation curable coating manufacture antistatic laminate; optical material radiation curable antistatic coating; ionic liquid antistatic laminate UV curable coating; phase separation antistatic UV curable coating manufacture available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 224 421 A general halide-to-anion switch for imidazolium-based ionic liquids and oligocationic systems using anion exchange resins (A- form) By: Alcalde, Ermitas; Dinares, Immaculada; Ibanez, Anna; Mesquida, Neus Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2011), 47(11), 3266-3268 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Further studies on the application of an AER (A- form) method broadened the anion exchange scope of represe ntative ionic liquids and bis(imidazolium) systems. Depending on the hydroph obicity nature of the targeted imidazolium species and counter anions, different organic solvents were used to swap halides for assorted anions, proceeding in excellent to quant. yields. Keywords: halide switch imidazolium ionic liquid oligocation anion exchange resin Substances (91) Reactions (54) Citing (22) 422 Understanding the Physical Absorption of CO2 in Ionic Liquids Using the COSMO-RS Method By: Palomar, Jose; Gonzalez-Miquel, Maria; Polo, Alicia; Rodriguez, Francisco Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2011), 50(6), 3452-3463 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The quantum chem. conductor-like screening model for real solvents (C OSMO-RS) method was evaluated as a theor. framework to computationally assess the application of room temperature ionic liquids (IL) in absorptive technologies to capture CO2 from power generating facility emissions to efficiently reduce exptl. effort and time consum ption. Different mol. models simulating I L and computational methods in geometric calcul ations were examined to optimize the C OSMO-RS capability to predict Henry's law coefficients using a demanding solubility sample test with 35 gaseous solute/I L and 20 CO2/IL systems. Simulation results agreed well with exptl. data, indicating that using an ion-pair mol. model optimized in a gas- phase environment allows a finer C OSMO-RS description of IL structure effect on C O2 and other solute solubil ities. The COSMO-RS method was used for the first time for a deeper insight into the behavior of CO2 solubility in IL from a mol. viewpoint. Addnl. analyses of energetic inter- mol. interactions between CO2 and IL, performed by C OSMO-RS, showed that van der Waals forces associated with the solute in the liquid phase determine the CO2 absorption capacity in IL, measured in terms of Henry's law coeffi cients Results were driven by a rational screening of >170 IL with COSMO-RS to design new IL to enhance CO2 capture via phys. absorp tion. Keywords: air pollution control carbon dioxide phys absorption ionic liquid ; modeling room temperature ionic liquid absorption carbon dioxide; power generation emission carbon dioxide absorption ionic liquid Substances (31) Reactions (0) Citing (149) SciFinder Page 225 423 Improved method for synthesizing 3-methylpyridine in ionic liquid By: Zhang, Qian; Li, Haoran; Jiang, Shunqi; Liu, Lifei China, CN101979380 A 2011-02-23 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Title method comprises allowing to react trimeric acetaldehyde with urotropine in ionic liquid at 180- 350C and 1.2-2.0 MPa, cooling for demixing to recover ionic liquid for recycling, extracting the result ants, concentrating, and removing solvent. Said ionic liquid comprises a cation and an anion, where cation is quaternary ammonium ion, quaternary phosph onium ion, imidazolium ion, pyridinium ion, or/and pyrrolium ion, and anion is halide, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, acetate, phosphate, sulfate, bisulfate, triflate, or/and nitrate. The ionic liquid as reaction medium can provide a polar ambient, increase the activity of aldol condensation, and reduce the reaction temperature and side reactions. The ionic liquid has also strong p H buffering effect, which can stabilize the reaction system. Keywords: methylpyridine synthesis ionic liquid available Substances (24) Reaction (1) Citing (0) 424 Catalyst for esterification of rosin or its derivative, and application thereof By: Xu, Sheyang; Xiao, Shuntong; Zeng, Weibo; Zhang, Zhenge; Fan, Deming China, CN101979143 A 2011-02-23 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title esterification catalyst is an acidic ionic liquid and is a mixture or compound composed of cation and anion. The cation is selected from one or more of alkyl quaternary ammonium ion, alkyl quaternary phosphonium ion, alkyl-substituted imidazolium ion or alkyl-substituted pyridinium ion. The anion is selected from one or more of X -, AlX4-, BF4-, PF6-, SbF6-, HSO4-, H2PO4-, PTSA-, etc., and X is Cl-, Br- or I-. The title esterification catalyst can be selected from one or more of N- methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim][HSO4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate ([Bmim]PTSA), 1-(3-sulfo)-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen phosphate ([HSO3-(CH2)4-mim][H2PO4]), N-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium dihydrogen sulfate ([HSO3-pPydin][H2PO4]), 1butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) and (3-sulfopropyl)triethylammonium dihydrogen sulfate ([HSO3-pTEA][ H2PO4]). For application in catalytic esterification of rosin or its derivative, the usage amount of the catalyst is 0.01- 2 wt%, the reaction temperature is 200-260C, and the reaction time is 2-7 h. The catalyst has the advantages of short reaction time, low reaction temperature, uniform and transparent esterification product, and light product color. Keywords: ionic liquid esterification catalyst rosin derivative application available Substances (56) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 226 425 Compositions comprising iodotrifluoromethane and stabilizers By: Leck, Thomas J. United States, US20110037017 A1 2011-02-17 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to compositions comprising iodotrifluoromethane and an effective amount of at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, thiophosphates, butylated triphenylphosphorothionates, organo phosph ates, phosphites, aryl alkyl ethers, terpenes, terpenoids, epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, oxetanes, ascorbic acid, thiols, lactones, thioethers, amines, nitromethane, alkylsilanes, benzophenone derivatives, aryl sulfides, divinyl terephthalic acid, di-Ph terephthalic acid, ionic liquids , and mixtures thereof. These stabilized iodotriflu oromethane compositions may be useful as working fluids in multiple applications including cooling apparatus, such as refrige ration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps. Keywords: iodotrifluoromethane stabilizer refrigerant additive; corrosion inhibitor additive refrig erant fluoroalkene iodotriflu oromethane stabilizer; passivating agent additive refrigerant iodotrifluoromethane stabilizer; lubricant compatible odotrifluo romethane stabilizer refrigerant additive available Substances (360) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 426 Method for synthesizing poly(methoxy dimethylether) with germinal dicationic ionic liquid By: Chen, Jing; Tang, Zhonghua; Xia, Chungu; Song, Heyuan; Li, Zhen China, CN101962318 A 2011-02-02 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The method comprises reacting methanol and trioxymethylene at a weight ratio of 0.8-1.6: 1 in the presence of germinal dicationic ionic liquid as catalyst at 333- 423 K and 0.5-3 MPa to obtain title product. The cation of the germinal dicationic ionic liquid is one of bisquaternary ammonium salt cation, bisimidazolium cation, bipyridium cation, bipyrrole cation, etc., and the anion of the germinal dicationic ionic liquid is one of p-toluenesulfonate, trifluoromethylsulfonate, trifluoroacetate, methylsulfonate, bisulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, nitrate, chloride and bromide. The invention can obtain reaction conversion rate up to 91.5% and high selectivity of the product. The effective content of diesel oil additive D MM3-8 may reach 49.6%. Thus, 3, 3'-methylenebis[1-(4sulfobutyl)]-1H-Imidazolium 0.202, methanol 3.982 and trioxyme thylene 5.572 g were reacted for 4 h at 353 k and 2.7 M Pa. Keywords: poly oxymethylene dimethyl ether ionic liquid catalyst available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 227 427 Solvation studies of a zinc finger protein in hydrated ionic liquids By: Haberler, Michael; Schroeder, Christian; Steinhauser, Othmar Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2011), 13(15), 6955-6969 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The solvation of the zinc finger protein with the PDB-ID "5ZNF" in hydrated ionic liquids was studied at varying water content. The solvation of the zinc finger protein with the PDB-ID "5ZNF" in hydrated ionic liquids was studied at varying water content. 1- Ethyl3-methylimidazolium and trifluoromethanesulfonate were the cation and anion, resp. The protein stability as well as the solvation structure, the shell dynamics and the shell resolved dielec. properties were investigated by means of mol. dynamics simula tions. The lengths of the resp. trajectories extended up to 200 ns in order to cover the complete solvent dynamics. Consid ering the above mentioned properties as a function of the water content they all exhibit a maximum or min. at the very same mole fraction. While the exact value xH2O = 0.927 depends on the underlying force field, its origin may be traced back to the compet ition between the van der Waals and the electrostatic energy of the protein as well as to the transition from aqueous dielec. screening to ionic charge screening with decreasing water content. The parameter-free Voronoi decompo sition of space served as a basis for the anal. of most results. In particular, solvation shells were naturally inferred from this concept. In addition to the mol. anal. a mesoscopic view is given in terms of dielec. properties. Thereby, the net dielec. constant is decomposed into contrib utions from the protein, the first and second solvation shells as well as the bulk. Cross-terms between these components are given, too. Keywords: solvation zinc finger protein hydration ionic liquid Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (43) 428 Lithium ion transport and ion-polymer interaction in PEO based polymer electrolyte plasticized with ionic liquid By: Kumar, Yogesh; Hashmi, S. A.; Pandey, G. P. Solid State Ionics (2011), 201(1), 73-80 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The polyethylene oxide (PEO) based lithium ion conducting polymer electr olytes complexed with lithium trifluoro methanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3 or LiTf) plasticized with an ionic liquid 1-Et 3-Me imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMITf) have been reported. Morphol., spectroscopic, thermal and electrochem. investigations demonstrate promising characteristics of the polymer films, suitable as electrolyte in various energy storage/c onversion devices. Significant structural changes have been observed in the polymer electrolyte due to the ionic liquid addition, investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy. The ion-polymer interaction, particularly the interaction of imidazolium cation with PEO chains, has been evidenced by I R and Raman spectro scopic studies. The optimized composition of the polymer electrolyte i.e. PEO25.LiTf + 40 weight% EMITf offer room temperature ionic conductivity of 3 10- 4 S cm -1 with wide electr ochem. stability window and excellent thermal stability. The ' vs. 1/T' curves show apparent Arrhenius behavior below and above melting temperature The ionic conductivity has been observed due to Li + ions, as confirmed from 7Li-NMR studies, though the component ions of ionic liquid and anions also contribute signifi cantly to the overall conductivity Keywords: polyethylene oxide lithium ion conducting polymer electr olyte rechargeable battery Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (119) SciFinder Page 228 429 Prediction of Selective Extraction of Cresols from Aqueous Solutions by Ionic Liquids Using Theoretical Approach By: Kumar, Lalan; Banerjee, Tamal; Mohanty, Kaustubha Separation Science and Technology (2011), 46(13), 2075-2087 | Language: English, Database: CAplus This work reports the prediction of selective extraction of cresol from aqueous solutions using ionic liquids (ILs) as the solvent. Judicious screening of various ILs was carried out for all the three forms of cresol (i.e., o- cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol). A quantum chem. based theor. model "conductor-like screening model for real solvents" (C OSMO-RS) was used to predict the selectivity of cresol in aqueous medium at infinite dilution A screening of 360 possible ILs from 15 cations and 24 anions was carried out to determine the best IL for the removal of cresol from water. Amongst the phosph onium and imidazolium based cations, trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium [THTDP] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium [OMIM] gave the highest selectivity other than the anions bromide and chloride. The selectivities for different cresols followed the pattern: m- cresol > p-cresol > o-cresol. Similarly for pyridinium and quinolium based cations, 1-ethylpyridinium [EPY] and 1-octylquinolium [OQU] gave the highest selectivity. Amongst the two cations studied for pyrrolidinium based cations, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium [HMPL] was the best. Trihexyl tetrade cylphosphonium salicylate [THTDP][SAL] gave the highest selectivity of 662 amongst all the I Ls screened. Keywords: extraction cresol aqueous solution ionic liquid Substances (42) Reactions (0) Citing (14) 430 Investigations of the liquid -liquid phase transition of solutions of ionic liquids with the trifluoromethyl sulfonate anion By: Elshwishin, Abdalla Omar O. 2011, (D0707-1), No pp. | Language: German, Database: CAplus There is no abstract available for this document. Keywords: liquid liquid phase transition Trifluoromethyl sulfonate Substance (1) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 431 Method for synthesis of titanium dioxide nanotubes using ionic liquids By: Qu, Jun; Luo, Huimin; Dai, Sheng United States, US20100311615 A1 2010-12-09 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention is directed to a method for producing titanium dioxide nanotubes, the method comprising anodizing titanium metal in contact with an electrolytic medium containing an ionic liquid The invention is also directed to the resulting titanium dioxide nanotubes, as well as devices incorporating the nanotubes, such as photovoltaic devices, hydrogen generation devices, and hydrogen detection devices. Keywords: titania nanotubes ionic liquid titanium anodization available Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 229 432 Simultaneous determination of trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate and common inorganic anions by ion chromatography By: Li, Si-Wen; Yu, Hong; Zhang, Xin Fenxi Huaxue (2010), 38(11), 1665-1669 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus A method was developed for the determination of trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate and common inorganic anions by ion chromatog. with direct conductivity detection. Chromatog. separation was performed on a Shim- pack IC-A3 anion exchange column using p-hydroxybenzoic acid + tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane + boric acid, phthalic acid + tris (hydroxymethyl)aminome thane, and potassium biphthalate as eluent, resp. The effects of the types of eluent, eluent concent ration and column temper ature on separation and retention of the anions were investigated. The optimized chromatog. conditions for the determi nation of the anions were as follows: 1.2 mmol/L potassium biphthalate as eluent, column temper ature of 30 and flow rate of 1.0 m L/min. Under these conditions, the anions were in baseline separation Moreover, the symmetry of peaks was better. Detection limit (S/N = 3) for the anions was in range of 0.02-1.88 mg/L. The relative standard deviations (R SD) of the chromatog. retention time and peak areas for the anions were not more than 0.17% and 2.05% (n = 5), resp. The method has been applied to the determination of trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate and common anions in ionic liquids The recoveries of the anions after spiking were from 97.0% to 102.8%. The method is simple, accurate, reliable and practical. Keywords: trifluoromethanesulfonate tetrafluoroborate inorganic anion ion chromatog ionic liquid Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (4) 433 Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Alternative Fluids for CO 2 Capture and Natural Gas Sweetening By: Karadas, Ferdi; Atilhan, Mert; Aparicio, Santiago Energy & Fuels (2010), 24(11), 5817-5828 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A review. The capture of CO2 from flue gases derived from fossil- fueled power plants and the absorption of C O2/H2S for natural gas sweetening purposes are two relevant industrial problems closely related to very important environmental, economical, and technol. problems that need to be solved. Amine-based technologies are widely used in the industry for these purposes, but they lead to several problems that have led many researchers to pose new alternatives. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged in the last few years as promising new acid gas absorbents, and thus, this remarkable interest, in both industry and academia, has led to a large collection of exptl. and theor. studies in which the most important aspects of the absorption process are analyzed. In this review, we show the most relevant conclusions obtained from the anal. of the literature, analyzing the state-of-the-art results, trying to infer the viability of ILs as an alternative to the available amine-based absorption processes, and showing the possible future directions of research. Keywords: review ionic liquid ILs alternative fluid carbon dioxide capture Substances (7) Reactions (0) Citing (391) SciFinder Page 230 434 Mechanistic Studies on Fast Ligand-Substitution Reactions of a Very Labile Pd II Complex in Several Ionic Liquids By: Kern, Simon; Illner, Peter; Begel, Svetlana; van Eldik, Rudi European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry (2010), (29), 4658-4666 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Detailed kinetic studies on the ligand-substitution reactions of the very labile [Pd (terpy)Cl]+ (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) complex have been performed for neutral and anionic nucleophiles in several imidazolium-based ionic liquids The detailed substitution mechanisms derived from the obtained rate and activation parameters differ from those expected on the basis of data acquired in aqueous medium, since the selected ionic liquids significantly affect the nucleo philic attack of the entering ligand on the complex. The rate constant for the substitution reaction with thiourea as entering nucleo phile is much larger in water, viz. (7.8 0.2) 10 5 M-1 s-1, than in the ionic liquids [emim][NTf2] and [emim] [EtOSO3], viz. (2.5 0.1) 10 4 and (1.8 0.1) 10 3 M-1 s-1 at 25 C, resp., which can be accounted for in terms of the protective interaction of the anionic components of the ionic liquids with the electro philic metal center. Keywords: mechanism fast ligand substitution reaction palladium complex ionic liquid Substances (14) Reactions (0) Citing (16) 435 Ionic liquid lubricant for an internal combustion engine By: Schluecker, Eberhard; Pohrer, Benjamin; Predel, Tim Germany, DE102009015889 A1 2010-10-07 | Language: German, Database: CAplus A lubricant for an internal combustion is an ionic liquid containing bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BTA), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (triflat), tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP), and/or a dialkylphosphate as an anion, and an imidazolium as a cation. The ionic liquid further contains at least one additive, in particular a defoamer. Keywords: lubricant internal combustion engine ionic liquid defoamer available Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (1) 436 Ionic liquid lubricant for an internal combustion engine By: Schluecker, Eberhardt; Pohrer, Benjamin; Predel, Tim World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2010112233 A1 2010-10-07 | Language: German, Database: CAplus A lubricant for an internal combustion is an ionic liquid containing bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BTA), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (triflate), tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP), and/or a dialkylphosphate as an anion, and a di-and/or trialkylimidazolium as a cation. The ionic liquid further contains at least one additive, in particular a defoamer in the form of a modified polysil oxane. Preferably, the ionic liquid is of the type [BMIM][BTA]. Exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is passed through the lubricant contained in the engine to sep. harmful gases, especially CO2, and for particle purifi cation Keywords: lubricant internal combustion engine ionic liquid defoamer; carbon dioxide soot engine exhaust gas removal lubricant available Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 231 437 removal method of aromatics from heavy oil fraction By: Torii, Hidenori; Imanishi, Yui; Tanaka, Ryuzo; Umebayashi, Yasuhiro Japan, JP2010222497 A 2010-10-07 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The disclosed method relates to a removal process of aromatics from a gas oil fraction. The method comprises: (1) mixing a feedstock and an ionic liquid ; (2) separating the mixture into two phases; (3) recovering single ring aromatics from a phase which does not contain the ionic liquid ; and (4) recovering polycyclic aromatic compound from a phase which contains the ionic liquid The ionic liquid is selected from an imidaz olium cation and a bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide. Keywords: removal aromatic heavy oil fraction ionic liquid extraction available Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 438 Desulfurization and denitrogenation method for hydrocarbon oils By: Torii, Hidenori; Imanishi, Yui; Tanaka, Ryuzo; Umebayashi, Yasuhiro Japan, JP2010215737 A 2010-09-30 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The disclosed method comprises: (1) contacting oils and ionic liquid ; and (2) separating two phases. The ions comprises: (1) cations selected from an imidazolium, a pyridi nium, and a pyrroli dinium; and (2) anions selected from a bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, a trifluoromethane sulfonate, Cl-, Br-, AlCl4-, AlBr4-, FeCl4-, CuCl3-, CF3SO3-, CH3SO4-, CH3SO3-, and C8H17SO3-. Keywords: desulfurization denitrogenation hydrocarbon oil Me Bu-n +N available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 439 Catalytic reactions using ionic liquids By: Corradini, Andrew; McCormick, Jarod World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2010107929 A2 2010-09-23 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A method of catalytically forming reaction products can include providing an ionic liquid phase. The ionic liquid phase can include a catalyst and an ionic liquid At least one reactant can be reacted in the ionic liquid phase to produce reaction products which include at least one of methanol and di-Me ether. In particular, the ionic liquid can be hydrophobic sufficient to prevent substantial water in the ionic liquid phase. The use of ionic liquids can substantially reduce or eliminate residual catalyst carrier, i.e. ionic liquid , in downstream steps. Keywords: fuel synthesis catalytic reaction ionic liquid available Substances (20) Reactions (0) Citing (3) SciFinder Page 232 440 Electrically controllable device with uniform coloration/discoloration over the entire surface thereof for electrochromic devices By: Piroux, Fabienne; Valentin, Emmanuel; Dubrenat, Samuel; Bokobza, Gilles World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2010100147 A1 2010-09-10 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a device comprising a stack of the following layers, namely: a 1st substrate with a glazing function, a 1st electronically conductive layer with an associated current supply, an electro active layer, a 2nd electro nically conductive layer with an associated current supply, and a 2nd substrate with a glazing function. According to the invention, each of the layers is selected to have a resistance per unit area R that allows same to have an equipot ential surface in terms of coloration and discolo ration, each of said layers having a variable resistance R that diminishes gradually from the periphery towards the center of the electro nically controllable device and R being selected at the center of the glazing in the zone (s) farthest from the current supplies, such that the ohmic drop across the central surface of the substrates of the glazing in the zone(s) farthest from the current supplies is at most equal to 5% of the value of the voltage applied at the terminals of the device. Such devices are applicable to vehicles and buildings as electrochromic devices such as windows, mirrors, etc. Keywords: electrochromic device uniform coloration surface metal oxide polymer organic available Substances (58) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 441 Electrically controllable device with uniform coloration/discoloration over the entire surface thereof for electrochromic devices By: Piroux, Fabienne; Valentin, Emmanuel; Dubrenat, Samuel; Bokobza, Gilles France, FR2942665 A1 2010-09-03 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a device comprising a stack of the following layers, namely: a 1st substrate with a glazing function, a 1st electronically conductive layer with an associated current supply, an electro active layer, a 2nd electro nically conductive layer with an associated current supply, and a 2nd substrate with a glazing function. According to the invention, each of the layers is selected to have a resistance per unit area R that allows same to have an equipot ential surface in terms of coloration and discolo ration, each of said layers having a variable resistance R that diminishes gradually from the periphery towards the center of the electro nically controllable device and R being selected at the center of the glazing in the zone (s) farthest from the current supplies, such that the ohmic drop across the central surface of the substrates of the glazing in the zone(s) farthest from the current supplies is at most equal to 5% of the value of the voltage applied at the terminals of the device. Such devices are applicable to vehicles and buildings as electrochromic devices such as windows, mirrors, etc. Keywords: electrochromic device uniform coloration surface metal oxide polymer organic available Substances (59) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder 442 Interactions of Ionic Liquids and Water By: Ficke, Lindsay E.; Brennecke, Joan F. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2010), 114(32), 10496-10501 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Page 233 Exptl. excess enthalpies of ionic liquid and water mixtures in combin ation with calculated CHELPG at. charges were used to invest igate the interactions between the species in solution The excess enthalpies of ionic liquids in water were obtained by calori metry, using a Setaram C80 calorimeter, including temperatures from (313.15 to 348.15) K and the entire range of compos ition The ionic liquids investigated all contain the 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation except one, which has an added hydroxyl group on the cation (1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium cation). The anions invest igated are ethylsulfate, methylsulfate, hydrogen sulfate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, methanesulfonate, and trifluoroacetate; these demonstrate the effect of systematically varying the substituents on the anion. The C HELPG at. charges on the cations and anions were calculated using the Gaussian 03 program. The C HELPG at. charges are consistent with the observed trends in excess enthalpy and provide insight into cation/ water, anion/water, and cation/anion interactions. Keywords: ionic liquid water interaction excess enthalpy atomic charge CHELPG; ethylmethylimidazolium hydroxyethylmethylim idazolium ionic liquid water interaction excess enthalpy Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (143) 443 Capillary isotachophoresis for the analysis of ionic liquid entities By: Markowska, Aleksandra; Stepnowski, Piotr Journal of Separation Science (2010), 33(13), 1991-1996 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Analytical Methods available Simple, selective and sensitive isotachophoretic methods for the anal. of ionic liquid (IL) compartments were developed. A leading electrolyte containing 10 mM L-histidine + 10 mM histidine hydroch loride and a termin ating electrolyte containing 5 mM glutamic acid + 5 mM L-histidine were selected to sep. nitrate (V), chlorate(V), hexafluorophosphate, dicyanimide, trifluoromethanesulfonate, phosphate(V) and bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in anionic mode. In contrast, seven short- chain alkylimidazolium, alkylpyrro lidinium, alkylpyridinium and nonchromophoric tetraalkylammonium and tetraal kylphosphonium IL cations were separated with 10 mM potassium hydroxide + 10 m M acetic acid as leading electr olyte, and 10 mM -alanine + 10 m M acetate as termin ating electr olyte. Both methods were optimized and validated with good anal. perfor mance parameters. LOD was 3-5 M, and the repeata bility lay at 1.06-5.59%. These methods were evaluated for their applica bility to the anal. of soil samples and freshwater contam inated with ILs. In light of hitherto the absence of reports on the determi nation of nonchromophoric IL cations, this study delivers for the 1st time a universal method enabling anal. of these species. Also, as there is still significant lack of methodologies of IL anion anal., the obtained results offer an interesting alternative in that matter. Keywords: ionic liquid capillary isotachophoresis analysis water soil sample Substances (21) Reactions (0) Citing (9) SciFinder Page 234 444 Sample separation apparatus using microchip and sample separation method By: Han, Jong Hun; Lee, Myeong Korea, Republic of, KR2010077991 A 2010-07-08 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The title apparatus comprises: (1) a microchip having a channel and a buffer solution storage place, and (2) a capillary tube tip obtained through tapering one end of a rod with a capillary tube into an injection needle shape. Cationic polymer having different surface charges and hydrophilicity is coated on the channel and the inner wall of the capillary tube, indepen dently. The microchip and the capillary tube tip are interfaced mutually, and phase separation of a sample and the separation of a segment sample from hydrophobic liquid which cannot be mixed with water can be realized through an elec. field. A sample fetched segment by segment is injected into the channel by use of ionic liquid which cannot be mixed with water, and cataph oretic anal. can be carried out. The loss of signals caused by sample diffusion can be prevented, so detection sensitivity can be improved. Thus, the apparatus can be used for detecting various samples including trace amount of substance, especially substance in small cell (such as single cell). Keywords: cation polymer treated capillary electrophoresis microchip separation device available Substances (19) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 445 Electrically controllable device with controlled thickness of the electroactive medium and simplified manufacturing, and method for making same By: Piroux, Fabienne; Bokobza, Gilles France, FR2939526 A1 2010-06-11 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The device of the invention comprises a stack of the following layers: a substrate with a glazing function (V1); a first electro nically conductive layer (TCC1) with an associated current supply; an electro active lacquer layer (VEA) containing at least one binding polymer including the components of an electroactive medium formed by: at least on electro active compound capable of reducing and/or accepting electrons and cations used as compensation charges; at least one electro active organic compound capable of oxidizing and/or ejecting electrons and cations used as compensation charges; at least one of said electro- active compounds being an electrochrome so as to obtain a color contrast; and ionic charges capable of enabling, under the action of an elec. current, oxidation and reduction reactions of said electroactive organic compounds, which are necessary for obtaining the color contrast; and a second electronically conductive layer (T CC2) with an associated current supply. Keywords: elec controllable device improved routing elec charge electro active medium available Substances (56) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 235 446 Electrically controllable device having an improved routing of electrical charges from the electroactive medium By: Piroux, Fabienne; Bokobza, Gilles; Giret, Martine France, FR2939527 A1 2010-06-11 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a device that comprises the following stack of layers: a first glass-like substrate (V1); a first elec. conductive layer (TCC1) having an associated current lead; an electroactive system (EA); a second elec. conductive layer (T CC2) having an associated current lead; and a second glass-like substrate (V2). Each current lead is formed of a continuous conductive strip applied onto the associated elec. conductive layer, said conductive strip being placed on the entire perimeter or substantially on the perimeter of said layer (TCC1; TCC2) so as to reinforce the conductivity of the layer and be connected to the elec. power supply via one of the ends thereof, said continuous conductive strips being offset in relation to one another. Keywords: elec controllable device improved routing elec charge electro active medium available Substances (56) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 447 Electrically controllable device with controlled thickness of the electroactive medium and simplified manufacturing, and method for making same By: Piroux, Fabienne; Bokobza, Gilles World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2010063729 A1 2010-06-10 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The device of the invention comprises a stack of the following layers: a substrate with a glazing function (V1); a first electro nically conductive layer (TCC1) with an associated current supply; an electro active lacquer layer (VEA) containing at least one binding polymer including the components of an electroactive medium formed by: at least on electro active compound capable of reducing and/or accepting electrons and cations used as compensation charges; at least one electro active organic compound capable of oxidizing and/or ejecting electrons and cations used as compensation charges; at least one of said electro- active compounds being an electrochrome so as to obtain a color contrast; and ionic charges capable of enabling, under the action of an elec. current, oxidation and reduction reactions of said electroactive organic compounds, which are necessary for obtaining the color contrast; and a second electronically conductive layer (T CC2) with an associated current supply. Keywords: elec controllable device improved routing elec charge electro active medium available Substances (56) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 236 448 Electrically controllable device having an improved routing of electrical charges from the electroactive medium By: Piroux, Fabienne; Bokobza, Gilles; Giret, Martine World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2010063731 A1 2010-06-10 | Language: French, Database: CAplus The invention relates to a device that comprises the following stack of layers: a first glass-like substrate (V1); a first elec. conductive layer (TCC1) having an associated current lead; an electroactive system (EA); a second elec. conductive layer (T CC2) having an associated current lead; and a second glass-like substrate (V2). Each current lead is formed of a continuous conductive strip applied onto the associated elec. conductive layer, said conductive strip being placed on the entire perimeter or substantially on the perimeter of said layer (TCC1; TCC2) so as to reinforce the conductivity of the layer and be connected to the elec. power supply via one of the ends thereof, said continuous conductive strips being offset in relation to one another. Keywords: elec controllable device improved routing charge electroactive medium available Substances (56) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 449 Method for manufacturing an electrode By: Bressers, Petrus Marinus Martinus Cornelus; Koetse, Marinus Marc; Van Mol, Antonius Maria Bernardus; Van Erkel, Joost United States, US20100133520 A1 2010-06-03 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an organic electronic device, comprising providing by electrodeposition an electrode to a surface of an electro-active material-the electro-active material comprising an organic electro-active compound-or providing said electrode to a surface of a substrate for said electro- active material, after which the electro- active material is applied to a surface of the electrode, wherein the electro-deposition comprises the use of a plating liquid comprising an ionic liquid and metal or metalloid ions which metal or metalloid ions are reduced and deposited to form the electrode. Keywords: electrodeposition metal electrode organic compound available Substances (33) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 237 450 Double layer structure and adsorption/desorption hysteresis of neat ionic liquid on Pt electrode surface - an in-situ IR-visible sum-frequency generation spectroscopic study By: Zhou, Wei; Inoue, Soya; Iwahashi, Takashi; Kanai, Kaname; Seki, Kazuhiko; Miyamae, Takayuki; Kim, Doseok; Katayama, Yasushi; Ouchi, Yukio Electrochemistry Communications (2010), 12(5), 672-675 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The electrochem. interface between a polycrys talline Pt electrode and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoro methanesulfonate ([bmim][OTf]) was studied by in- situ IR-visible sum-frequency generation (S FG) spectroscopy. Potential dependent adsorption/desorption processes of OTf anions was monitored within the electr ochem. window. SFG results indicate that the ions form a double layer structure at the interface. Significant adsorption/desorption hysteresis was observed for the anions on the Pt surface. Keywords: methylimidazolium fluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid double layer structure platinum electrode Substances (3) Reactions (0) Citing (106) 451 Liquid plastic additive mixtures and the preparation methods therefor and applications By: Tang, Yanfang China, CN101709116 A 2010-05-19 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus Poly(vinyl chloride) having good plasticity, flexibility, and impact properties contain 40- 90 parts ionic liquid plasticizers and 10-60 parts rubber impact modifiers such as chlorinated polyethylene, polyacrylates, etc. Thus, an additive contained 27 parts tributylte tradecylphosphonium methanesulfonate and 18 parts butadiene- Me methacrylate-styrene graft copolymer. Keywords: PVC plasticizer ionic liquid impact modifier rubber; butyltetr adecylphosphonium methanesulfonate plasticizer PVC; tetradecyltributylphosphonium methanesulfonate plasticizer PVC; butadiene methyl methac rylate styrene graft copolymer rubber Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 238 452 Influence of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the performance of ionic polymer conductor network composite actuators By: Liu, Sheng; Liu, Wenjuan; Liu, Yang; Lin, Jun-Hong; Zhou, Xin; Janik, Michael J.; Colby, Ralph H.; Zhang, Qiming Polymer International (2010), 59(3), 321-328 | Language: English, Database: CAplus We investigated the influence of ionic liquids (ILs) on the electromech. performance of ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) actuators. Four imidazolium ILs with two cations of different sizes, i.e. 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMI+]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMI+]), and two anions of different sizes, i.e. tetrafluo roborate ([BF4-]) and trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Tf-]), were used. The IPCNC actuators were fabricated using a direct assembly method with Ru O2/Nafion nanocomposite as the electrode layers. The exptl. results reveal that the actuator strain response time is nearly one order of magnitude shorter than the charging time. The IPCNCs with [EMI+][Tf-] exhibit the highest capaci tance and the fastest response in both actuation and elec. charging as capacitors. In contrast, the IPCNCs with [EMI+][BF4-] display the slowest charging time and lowest value of capaci tance as capacitors. The IPCNCs with [B MI+][BF4-] show the slowest response time. Furthe rmore, although the ILs used have a marked effect on the capacitances of the IPCNCs, using different ILs does not cause much change in the maximum strain of these I PCNCs. Consequently, the IPCNC actuators with [E MI+][BF4-] show the highest electr omech. conversion efficiency while those with [EMI+][Tf] have the lowest electr omech. efficiency because of the highest capaci tance and largest input elec. energy. The exptl. results indicate that the two oppositely charged ions contribute in opposite manner to the strain response and hence the observed shorter actuation response time is likely caused by the strain cancellation effect between the cations and anions. Copyright 2010 Society of Chem. Industry. Keywords: imidazolium ionic liquid polymer conductor network composite actuator Substances (5) Reactions (0) Citing (61) 453 Quantum Chemical Based Screening of Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Phenol from Aqueous Solution By: Mohanty, Sidhartha; Banerjee, Tamal; Mohanty, Kaustubha Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2010), 49(6), 2916-2925 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Room - temperature ionic liquids (ILs), because of their various advant ages, are superior extractants than the traditional volatile organic solvents (VOCs) used for liquid - liquid extraction This work reports the judicious screening of various I Ls for the extraction of phenol from aqueous solutions A quantum chem. based "conductor-like screening model for real solvents" (C OSMO-RS) is used for the prediction of selectivity of phenol in aqueous medium at infinite dilution A combin ation of 16 cations and 26 anions, which resulted in 416 possible ILs, is used to determine the best extractant for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions During the screening process, [TBTDP] and [OMIM] gave the highest selectivity among the phosphonium and imidazolium based cations, resp. Similarly, the favorable anions are those where no steric shielding effect around their charge centers exists, such as [CH3SO3], [OAc], [Cl], and [Br]. The best IL screened is 1- octyl-3-methylimidazolium decanoate, which gave the highest selectivity of 111. Keywords: COSMO RS quantum screening ionic liquid extraction phenol Substances (43) Reactions (0) Citing (35) SciFinder Page 239 454 Ionic liquid -containing electrolyte for secondary lithium batteries By: Giroud, Nelly; Rouault, Helene World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2010023185 A1 2010-03-04 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Rechargeable lithium batteries consist of a graphite carbon anode and Li FePO4 cathode, and a battery electr olyte containing an ionic liquid of general structure C +A-, a conducting salt, and vinylethylene carbonate as an organic additive. Suitable cations include onium compounds (e.g., oxonium, quaternary ammonium and phosphonium, phospholium and phosphorolium, iodonium, and carbonium compounds), heterocyclic cations of nitrogen, thiazo lium, triazolium, indolium, qunioxalinium, morpholinium, and thiomorpholinium. Suitable anions include halides, B F4- and substituted fluoroborates, PF6-, trifluoroacetate, trifluoromethanesu lfonate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)imide, dicyandiamide, tricyanomethide, thiocyanate, selenocyanate, dichlorocuprate, and tetrachloroaluminate. Keywords: secondary lithium battery ionic liquid electrolyte; heterocyclic onium ionic liquid battery electrolyte Me Pr-n N+ available Substances (57) Reactions (0) Citing (5) 455 Ionic liquid -containing electrolyte for secondary lithium batteries By: Giroud, Nelly; Rouault, Helene France, FR2935547 A1 2010-03-05 | Language: French, Database: CAplus Rechargeable lithium batteries consist of a graphite carbon anode and Li FePO4 cathode, and a battery electr olyte containing an ionic liquid of general structure C +A-, a conducting salt, and vinylethylene carbonate as an organic additive. Suitable cations include onium compounds (e.g., oxonium, quaternary ammonium and phosphonium, phospholium and phosphorolium, iodonium, and carbonium compounds), heterocyclic cations of nitrogen, thiazo lium, triazolium, indolium, qunioxalinium, morpholinium, and thiomorpholinium. Suitable anions include halides, B F4- and substituted fluoroborates, PF6-, trifluoroacetate, trifluoromethanesu lfonate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)imide, dicyandiamide, tricyanomethide, thiocyanate, selenocyanate, dichlorocuprate, and tetrachloroaluminate. Keywords: secondary lithium battery ionic liquid electrolyte; heterocyclic onium ionic liquid battery electrolyte available Substances (57) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 240 456 Use of a sugar-based ionic liquid in the hair preparations By: Mathonneau, Estelle France, FR2935266 A1 2010-03-05 | Language: French, Database: CAplus A cosmetic composition containing one or more particulate ionic liquids for washing and/or condit ioning of hair, as well as a process implementing such a composition is disclosed. A cosmetic compos ition contained trifluoromethanesulfonate 1, Texapon N702 20, preservatives 0.33, and water q.s. 100%. Keywords: hair preparation sugar ionic liquid available Substance (1) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 457 Ionic liquids by IC-MS By: Wang, Leo; Schnute, William C. LCGC North America (2010), (Suppl.), 52 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Analytical Methods available An ion chromatog.-mass spectrometric (IC-MS) profile method for the quant. determination of anionic ionic liquids and anions in a single chromatog. run is presented. Three com. available ionic liquids were analyzed for impurities by this method. Keywords: anion impurity determination ionic liquid ion chromatog mass spectrometry Substances (16) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 458 Electrically peelable adhesive acrylic polymer compositions, their articles, and peeling method of them By: Aoki, Takahiro; Chino, Keisuke Japan, JP2010037355 A 2010-02-18 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The invention relates to title compositions, useful for recycling of elec. appliance, comprising 100 parts acrylic polymers and 1- 40 parts mixtures consisting of ionic liquids with ion elec. conduc tivity 10-4 - 10-2 S/cm and polyethylene glycol. Thus, a peelable adhesive tape comprising an Al foil substrate and an adhesive layer consisting of 100 parts adhesive containing 35% acrylic acid-Bu acrylate-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer, 2.0 parts N CO-based crosslinking agent (Coronate L 55 E), 3.5 parts 1- hexylpyr idinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and 3.5 parts migration accele rator of polyethylene glycol was bonded to a stainless steel plate to show 180 peel strength (JIS Z 0237) initially and after applic ation of voltage at 100 V for 3 min, resp., 57.5 and 8.0 N/25 mm. Keywords: elec peelable adhesive tape aluminum acrylic; isocyanate crosslinked hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer adhesive; migration accelerator polyethylene glycol peelable adhesive; hexylpyr idinium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide ionic liquid peelable adhesive available Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (11) SciFinder Page 241 459 Soluble, folded and active subtilisin in a protic ionic liquid By: Falcioni, Francesco; Housden, Hazel R.; Ling, Zhenlian; Shimizu, Seishi; Walker, Adam J.; Bruce, Neil C. Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2010), 46(5), 749-751 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The activity of proteases chymotrypsin and subtilisin dissolved in a range of protic hydroxy lalkylammonium ionic liquids was tested against the model substrate APEE (N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine Et ester); activity was only observed for subtilisin in diethanol ammonium chloride (DEA Cl), while chymotrypsin was not active in any PIL tested. Keywords: subtilisin protic ionic liquid Substances (17) Reactions (0) Citing (18) 460 A group contribution method to predict -T-P of ionic liquids By: Lazzus, Juan A. Chemical Engineering Communications (2010), 197(7), 974-1015 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A simple and accurate group contribution method to predict the d. of ionic liquids is presented. The proposed method follows the classical architecture of the group contri bution concept to evaluate the molar volume at 298.15 K and 0.101 M Pa. A set of 210 ionic liquids has been used to obtain the contrib utions for anion and cation groups. Once the molar volume is evaluated and expressed as d., values at several temperatures and pressures are calculated using a linear model that only uses the reference d. value. D. data of 76 ionic liquids (3530 data points) were used to obtain the linear model for wide ranges of temper atures and pressures: 258 to 393 K and 0.09 to 207 MPa. Results show that the new group contri bution method (R2 = 0.9687; AARD = 1.93%) and the linear model (R2 = 0.9989; AARD = 0.73%) are accurate enough and give lower deviations than other models available in the litera ture. Keywords: ionic liquid predict density temperature pressure group contri bution method Substances (74) Reactions (0) Citing (33) SciFinder Page 242 461 COSMO-RS based predictions for the desulphurization of diesel oil using ionic liquids : Effect of cation and anion combination By: Anantharaj, R.; Banerjee, Tamal Fuel Processing Technology (2010), 92(1), 39-52 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic Liquids ILs provide an important altern ative in removing aromatic sulfur compounds by Liquid - Liquid Extraction (LLE). A total of 28 anions and 6 cations resulting in 168 possible combinations were screened via COSMO-RS (COnductor Like Screening M Odel for Real Solvents) . Initially benchmarking was performed to predict the infinite dilution activity coeffi cients of thiophene in ionic liquids Comparison with literature values involving 8 I Ls with 20 points gave the average root mean square deviation (R MS) to be 11%. Thereafter artificial simulated diesel, aromatic sulfur compound and the cation and anion combination was used to predict the capacity (C) and selectivity (S) at infinite dilution In general the selecti vities were found to decrease in the following order: thiophene (4-24) > benzothiophene (2-12)> dibenzothiophene (1-7). The different hetero atom (N,S,O) and its location in the cation structure strongly influenced the selectivity and capacity at infinite dilution for all the three aromatic sulfur compounds It was found that the cation without the aromatic ring combined with anions having sterical shielding effect such as [SCN], [CH3SO3], [CH3COO], [Cl], and [Br] proved to be the most favorable IL for desulphurization. [EMMOR][SCN] proved to be the most viable IL for the removal of all the three aromatic sulfur compounds Keywords: ionic liquid thiophene diesel oil desulfur ization extraction Substances (44) Reactions (0) Citing (117) 462 How hydrophilic ionic liquids behave in aqueous solutions By: Blesic, Marijana; Seddon, Kenneth R.; Plechkova, Natalia V.; Gunaratne, Nimal; Lopes, Antonio Edited by Gaune-Escard, Marcelle; Seddon, Kenneth R. Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids: Never the Twain?, [EuChem Conferences on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids], 21st, Hammamet, Tunisia, Sept. 17-22, 2006 (2010), 37-48 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Self-aggregation behavior of a number of ionic liquids has been invest igated using two techniques: interfacial tension measur ement and fluorescence spectroscopy. The list of ionic liquids includes [Cnmim]Cl (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides) with different linear alkyl chain lengths (n = 4-14, only even numbers), [C10mim] [PF6] (1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate), [C10miml][NTf2] (1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)} amide (bistriflamide), [C12mpip]Br (1dodecyl-1-methylpiperidinium bromide), [C12mpy]Br (1-dodecyl-3-methylpyridinium bromide), [C12mpyrr]Br (1-dodecyl-1methylpyrrolidinium bromide), and [C12C12pip]Br (1,1 -didodecylpiperidinium bromide). Four factors were varied: the length and number of alkyl chains on the ring, the anion, and the structure of the cation (ring). Only [Cnmim]Cl ionic liquids with n greater than 8 unambiguously form aggregates in solution The transi tional ionic liquid , [C6mim]Cl, is able to develop a monolayer at the aqueous solution-air interface but shows no noticeable self- aggregation in the bulk fluid. Ionic liquids used in this study based on more hydrophobic and large anions, namely, [P F6]- and [NTf2]-, do not form micellar aggregates in aqueous solutions Moreover, the type of the ring structure of the cation and the number of alkyl chains affect the dynamic balance of aggregate formation. The nature of this self-aggregation is discussed in terms of the electro static vs. hydrophobic contributions. Keywords: ionic liquid hydrophylic water interaction interface tension fluore scence Substances (9) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 243 463 Quantum chemical aided molecular design of ionic liquids as green electrolytes for electrodeposition of active metals By: Tian, Guo-cai; Zhou, Xue-jiao; Li, Jian; Hua, Yi-xin Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (2009), 19(6), 1639-1644 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Quantum chem. calculation was used to estimate the reduction potentials of 25 organic cations and the oxidation potentials of 11 anions. This information was used to select promising cations and anions for the prepar ation of ionic liquids as green electr olytes for electrodeposition of active metals. The reasonable linear correl ations between the LUMO energies and the reduction potentials of cations, and the linear relationships between the oxidation potentials and the H OMO energies of anions were obtained. The orders of electrochem. stability for cations and anions being obtained agree well with the exptl. measure ments. The suitable ionic liquids with sufficiently wide electrochem. windows for electrodeposition of active metals are suggested to be [Emim] NTf2, [Bmim]N Tf2, [Bmim]BF4, [Bmim]PF6, [Bmim]CTf3, [Emim]BF4, [Emim]PF6, [Emim]CTf3. Keywords: ionic liquid green electr olyte; active metal electrodeposition electrolyte quantum chem mol design Substances (35) Reactions (0) Citing (8) 464 Metal sulfide electrolysis in inert gas or air to decompose the metal sulfide into metal and sulfur By: Jin, Xianbo; Chen, Zheng China, CN101597776 A 2009-12-09 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus The title method comprises the steps of: supplying ionic liquid M2X as the electrolyte, supplying a solid cathode composed of metal sulfide or composed of electron conduction substance-doped metal sulfide blocks or powder and a metal current collector, supplying graphite or an inert electrode as the anode, and performing electrolysis in inert gas or air at 120- 780C to decompose the metal sulfide into metal and sulfur. In M2X, M2 is composed of one or more of Na +, K+, Al3+, R1R2R3R4N+, and R1R2R3R4P+ (R1-R4 are selected from C1-16 organic groups), X is composed of one or more of F -, Cl-, Br-, OH-, NO3-, CO32-, SO42-, PO43-, AlCl4-, PF6-, BF4-, SbF6 -, etc. The method has the advantages of simple process, low energy consum ption, and high added value of product. The method can be used for preparing nanoscale metal powder or porous metal material, such as tantalum powder, molybdenum powder, and porous iron, which can be directly used as hydrogen-storage material, battery material, capacitor material, or the raw material of powder metallurgy. Keywords: metal sulfide electrolytic decomposition ionic liquid electrolyte nanopowder metal available Substances (68) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 244 465 Electrolyte mixtures useful for lithium ion batteries By: Shin, Joon Ho; Cairns, Elton J. United States, US20090286163 A1 2009-11-19 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention provides for the preparation of ionic liquid -lithium salt-low mol. weight liquid polymer mixtures The mixture is useful as an electrolytic solution Thus, the mixture is suitable as an electr olyte in batteries and supercap acitors as well as an active material for solid state light-emitting devices or polymer light-emitting displays or an electrodeposition of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, or potassium in the field of research or industry. The present invention further provides for a method making the mixture Addnl., the present invention provides for a lithium battery comprising the mixture and a method of making the lithium battery. Keywords: electrolyte mixture lithium ion battery available Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 466 Lithium ion batteries showing excellent heat resistance and low internal resistivity and their separators containing ionic liquids By: Orita, Akihiro Japan, JP2009259755 A 2009-11-05 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The separators contain filler particles, ionic liquids , and binders, preferably in heat- resistant layers formed on the surface of porous substrates. Thus, di-Et sulfide was reacted with CH3I at 25 and then with Li bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide to give Et2Me S+[N(CF3SO2)2]- having elec. conduc tivity (25) 5.3 mS/cm, which was blended with Al2O3 (filler), PVDF 1120 [poly(vinylidene fluoride)] , applied, and dried to form a 25- m-thick layer. Then, the layer was laminated with Hipore N 8416 (porous polyeth ylene; 25-m thick) and held between cathode and anode of a Li secondary batttery containing LiPF6/ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate electr olyte to give a test battery showing capacity retention (2 C/0.1C) 89%. Keywords: lithium battery separator heat resistance ionic liquid containing; diethylmethylmethoxyethylammonium bistrifl uoromethanesulfonylimide alumina filler PVDF binder battery separator available Substances (35) Reaction (1) Citing (3) 467 Imidazolium ionic liquids : A simple anion exchange protocol By: Dinares, Immaculada; Garcia de Miguel, Cristina; Ibanez, Anna; Mesquida, Neus; Alcalde, Ermitas Green Chemistry (2009), 11(10), 1507-1510 | Language: English, Database: CAplus An efficient and simple protocol was developed to obtain quant. iodide or bromide exchange for a broad range of anions in imidaz olium ionic liquids Selected anions were loaded in an anion exchange resin using two different procedures and were then used to provide a pure convenient ion pair. Keywords: imidazolium ionic liquids simple anion exchange protocol Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (87) SciFinder Page 245 468 Toxicological evaluation on human colon carcinoma cell line (CaCo-2) of ionic liquids based on imidazolium, guanidinium, ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium cations By: Frade, Raquel F. M.; Rosatella, Andreia A.; Marques, Carolina S.; Branco, Luis C.; Kulkarni, Prashant S.; Mateus, Nuno M. M.; Afonso, Carlos A. M.; Duarte, Catarina M. M. Green Chemistry (2009), 11(10), 1660-1665 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Toxicol. evaluation of a new group of ionic liquids was performed on human colon cancerous cells- CaCo-2. They belong to different classes of cations: imidazolium (IM), dimethyl-guanidinium (dmg) and tetramethyl-guanidinium (tmg), methyl-pyrrolidinium (MPyr), 2-methyl-1-ethyl-pyridinium (2-MEPy), quaternary ammonium (benzyltriethyl-ammonium-BzTEA; phenyltrimethylammonium-PhTMA; tri-n-octyl-methylammonium-Aliquat) and tri-n-hexyl-tetra-n-decylphosphonium (P6,6,6,14). The new results were compared with data obtained in previous reported studies performed in our lab, and we clearly saw that toxicity can vary significantly with the type of anion. Dicyano amide-[DCA] and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide-[NTf2] were seen to visibly change the impact of some cations. Some were considerably less harmful for Ca Co-2 monolayer when the anion was [D CA] or [NTf2], while others induced an abnormal increase of cellular metabolism when [NTf2] was present and therefore, they were considered toxic. However, some cations induced similar responses in the presence of a broad number of anions as (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium)-[ C4MIM] (with the exception of [Fe Cl4]), (1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium)-[C2OHMIM] and [C4MPyr] and did not cause toxicity. Consequently, they are considered promising cations for building human friendlier solvents. But, a reasonable number of other combinations involving different classes of cations were also seen to not signifi cantly affect viability of the Ca Co-2 monolayer. Keywords: cytotoxicity CaCo2 cell ionic liquid cation anion Substances (43) Reactions (5) Citing (109) 469 Method for recycling ionic liquid using ultrashort waves By: Ku, Yun Mo; Ha, Seong Ho; Lee, Sang Hyeon Korea, Republic of, KR2009110599 A 2009-10-22 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The method comprises heating a mixture containing ionic liquid and a solvent using an ultrashort wave to evaporate the solvent. Keywords: recycling ionic liquid ultrashort wave available Substances (13) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 246 470 Antimicrobial systems comprising ionic liquids By: Earle, Martyn; Seddon, Ken; Gilea, Manuela; Boberly, Gabor; Gilmore, Brendan; McLaughlin, Martin World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2009125222 A2 2009-10-15 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The present invention relates to the use of ionic liquids as antimicrobial agents, and to the use of antimic robial compositions comprising an ionic liquid , a film-enhancing composition and a viscosity contro lling agent. The invention further relates to methods of disinfecting substrate surfaces, to substrates produced by such methods, and to novel ionic liquid compositions Keywords: ionic liquid antimicrobial systems Me (CH 2 ) 13 N+ Me Br - available Substances (115) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 471 Measuring and predicting vapH298 values of ionic liquids By: Deyko, Alexey; Lovelock, Kevin R. J.; Corfield, Jo-Anne; Taylor, Alasdair W.; Gooden, Peter N.; Villar-Garcia, Ignacio J.; Licence, Peter; Jones, Robert G.; Krasovskiy, Vladimir G.; Chernikova, Elena A.; et al Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2009), 11(38), 8544-8555 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE We report the enthalpies of vaporization (measured using temperature programmed desorption by mass spectrometry) of twelve ionic liquids (ILs), covering four imidazolium, [CmCnIm]+, five pyrrolidinium, [CnCmPyrr]+, two pyridinium, [CnPy]+, and a dication, [C3 (C1Im)2]2+ based IL. These cations were paired with a range of anions: [B F4]-, [FeCl4]-, [N(CN)2]-, [PF3(C2F5)3]- ([FAP]-), [(CF3SO2)2N]- ([ Tf2N]-) and [SCN]-. Using these results, plus those for a further eight imidaz olium based ILs published earlier (which include the anions [CF3SO3]- ([TfO]-), [PF6]- and [EtSO4]-), we show that the enthalpies of vapori zation can be decomposed into three compon ents. The first component is the Coulombic intera ction between the ions, UCou,R, which is a function of the I L molar volume, Vm, and a parameter Rr which quantifies the relative change in anion- cation distance on evaporation from the liquid phase to the ion pair in the gas phase. The second and third components are the van der Waals contributions from the anion, Hvdw,A, and the cation, Hvdw,C. We derive a universal value for Rr, and individual values of Hvdw,A and Hvdw,C for each of the anions and cations considered in this study. Given the molar volume, it is possible to estimate the enthalpies of vaporization of ILs composed of any combination of the ions considered here; values for fourteen I Ls which have not yet been studied exptl. are given. Keywords: vaporization enthalpy ionic liquid desorption mass spectrometry; imidazolium pyrrolidinium pyridinium ionic liquid evaporation enthalpy Substances (32) Reactions (0) Citing (151) SciFinder Page 247 472 Supercapacitor compositions, devices, and related methods By: Gogotsi, Yury; Simon, Patrice; Largeot, Celine; Portet, Cristelle; Chmiola, John; Taberna, Pierre-Louis World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2009123784 A2 2009-10-08 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Disclosed are supercapacitor materials comprising compos itions having pores that are optimally sized to maximize capaci tance. An energy storage device comprises a nanoporous material and a plurality of ions disposed between one or more electrodes. The nanoporous material is characterized as having nanopores of average charact eristic cross-sectional dimension in the range of from about 0.1 nm to about 3 nm, and the average characteristic cross-sectional dimension of the nanopores being within about 0.05 nm of the average cross-sectional dimension of the ions. Also disclosed are related methods for fabric ating such supercapacitors. Keywords: supercapacitor nanoporous carbide derived carbon nanopore size ionic liquid available Substances (45) Reactions (0) Citing (3) 473 Method for the preparation of supported catalyst using noble metal nanoparticles and catalyst so obtained By: Dupont, Jairton; Chiaro, Sandra Shirley Ximeno; Geleysky, Marcos Alexandre; Pavan, Flavio Andre; Zimnoch Dos Santos, Joao Henrique World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2009122149 A1 2009-10-08 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Disclosed is a method for the preparation of a supported catalyst comprising noble metal nanopar ticles incorporated in a solid matrix through a sol-gel process in ionic liquid medium. The method comprises the stages of: (1) providing noble metal nanopar ticles having a mean particlesize 3-6 nm; (2) providing a mixture comprising an ionic liquid and a cosolvent; (3) obtaining a dispersion by adding noble metal nanoparticles to the mixture obtained in (2); (4) adding a solid matrix mol. precursor to the dispersion obtained in (3); (5) adding a catalyst for the sol- gel process; and (6) recovering a supported catalyst comprising noble metal nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquid and incorporated in a solid matrix. Keywords: supported catalyst noble metal nanoparticle hydrogenation available Substances (23) Reactions (0) Citing (2) SciFinder Page 248 474 New hybrid materials consisting of solid or liquid substrate with tin ultra pure ionic liquid film By: Cremer, Till; Maier, Florian; Steinrueck, Hans-Peter; Wasserscheid, Peter Germany, DE102008015015 A1 2009-09-24 | Language: German, Database: CAplus This invention claims new hybrid materials consisting of a solid or liquid substrate and an extremely thin film of an ultra- pure ionic liquid , where the film thickness of the applied ionic liquid amounts to less than ten nanome ters, preferably less then two nanome ters. This extremely thin, ultra- pure film lends to the new hybrid materials with surprising and tech. intere sting surface properties, different to substrate it self, different to substrate with a thicker film and different to substrate with a less pure film of the same ionic liquid This extremely thin ultra- pure film on solid or liquid substrate changes elec. conduct ivity, catalytic activity, optical, tribol., mech. properties, sensory and permeation/separation capability or stability against oxidation by air of coated substrate. The ultra pure ionic liquid has a formula [A] n+[Y]n-, where A is quaternary ammonium, phosph onium, imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrazolium and triazolium cation, n= 1 or 2 and Y is an anion such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, dicyanamide, tricyanomethid, tetracyano borate, halogenide or others which is applied at temper ature of 30-400 under high vacuum over liquid or solid substrate kept at -200-350. Keywords: substrate pure ionic liquid nanoscale surface modifi cation hybrid material available Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 475 Enzymic preparation of the cinnamic acid derivative in ionic liquid By: Kishimoto, Noriaki; Hirota, Yoshitaka; Matsui, Yuka; Tanaka, Erika; Kitamura, Tomonori; Yamazaki, Kenichi; Kagawa, Yasuko; Fujita, Tokio; Fukunaga, Taiji; Iwai, Kazuya; et al Japan, JP2009207492 A 2009-09-17 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The cinnamic acid derivative is manufactured from cinnamic acid and alcs. by transester ification in a hydrop hobic ionic liquid (viscosity, 2000 cp) with lipase. The method is easy and gives high yield. It does not use organic solvents. The enzyme and solvent may be recycled and reused. Keywords: cinnamate derivative enzymic transesterification lipase ionic liquid available Substances (30) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 249 476 New detergents for the acid gas cleaning and procedure for their use By: Wasserscheid, Peter; Arlt, Wolfgang; Mokrushina, Liudmila Germany, DE102008013738 A1 2009-09-10 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention concerns additions to alkanolamines for the acid gas absorp tion, whereby their volatility is reduced by addition of suitable non-volatile materials, i.e. ionic liquids and hyper + branched polymers. The additives do not reduce the chem. absorptive capacity, however degrade the specific absorption heat. Delivering the alkanolamines from the wash and regeneration process is clearly reduced, which in particular in the scrubbing of the flue gas from fossil fuel power plants is advantageous, since the alkanol amines are classified as poisonous and may not arrive into the atm. Further, the viscosity of the solution is reduced. Thus the usually redundant after scrubber use of alkanolamines is used or reduced in its perfor mance. Keywords: detergent acid gas scrubbing alkanolamine ionic liquid branched polymer; wet scrubbing alkano lamine ionic liquid hyperbranched polymer absorption solution N N N H+ available Substances (26) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 477 Degradation of ionic liquids by Fenton reaction; the effect of anions as counter and background ions By: Siedlecka, E. M.; Golebiowski, M.; Kaczynski, Z.; Czupryniak, J.; Ossowski, T.; Stepnowski, P. Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental (2009), 91(1-2), 573-579 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The influence of counter ions (Cl-, C(CN)3-, and CF3SO3-) and background ions (C6F11O2-, C8F15O2-, and C10F19O2-) on the degradation rates of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (bmim+) in a Fenton-like system were investigated. The degradation rate of bmim+ was influenced by the particular anions as follows: Cl- > C(CN)3- > CF3SO3-. The inhibition of imidaz olium moiety oxidation was observed in the case of counter anions in ionic liquid which entered the competition for hydroxyl radicals with bmim+ or which formed complexes with ferric and ferrous ions. The presence of perfluoric acids as a background in solution also had significance for the bmim+ degradation process. These organic anions can inhibit bmim + oxidation through strong interactions between pos. charged bmim+ and neg. charged perfluoca rboxylic anions (P FCA). Addnl., bmim+ seemed to be more resistant to oxidation in the presence of a longer n-perfluoric alkyl chain anions. However, it was observed that the inhibition of bmim + oxidation decreased when the concentration of PFCA in solution exceeded a critical micellar concent ration This fact can be explained by weaker intera ctions between bmim+ and perfluoric anions, stronger associated with aggregated P FCA in these exptl. conditions (p H 3). Our investi gations also indicated the possibility of PFCA interactions with ferric and ferrous ions. Keywords: degradation ionic liquid Fenton oxidation anion counter background wastewater Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (54) SciFinder Page 250 478 In vitro cytotoxicities of ionic liquids : Effect of cation rings, functional groups, and anions By: Kumar, R. Anand; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Lee, Jong-Min; Salminen, Justin; Clark, Douglas S.; Prausnitz, John M. Environmental Toxicology (2009), 24(4), 388-395 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE In vitro cytotoxicities were measured for ionic liquids (ILs) containing various cations and anions using the M CF7 human breast cancer cell line. The authors measured the cytotoxicities of ionic liquids containing the cations pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperid inium, or imidazolium with various alkyl chain lengths, and the anions bromide, bis (trifluoromethanesulfone)imide (Tf2N), trifluor omethylsulfonate (TfO), or nonafluoromethylsulfonate (NfO). Three new hydrop hobic, task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), namely, [M BCNPip]+[Tf2N]-, [MPS2Pip]+[Tf2N]-, and [MPS2Pyrro]+[Tf2N]- designed for metal-ion extraction were also evaluated. I C50 values of the ionic liquids toward the MCF7 cells ranged from 8 M to 44 mM. The toxicity depended significantly on the nature of the cations and anions, especially when the cations contained a long side chain. TSILs studied were less toxic than the classical I Ls. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009. Keywords: ionic liquid cytotoxicity human M CF7 cell Substances (50) Reactions (0) Citing (117) 479 Aluminum recovery process using electrolytic cells with electrolyte containing ionic liquid By: Reddy, Ramana G.; Zhang, Mingming World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2009102419 A2 2009-08-20 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Disclosed are processes and electrolytic cells that can be used to extract and thereby recover aluminum from aluminum- containing waste, including an aluminum dross that is suitable for disposal in a land-fill. The disclosed processes and cells use ionic liquids as an electrolyte. Keywords: aluminum extraction recovery waste dross electrolytic cell ionic liquid ; imidazolium ionic liquid electrolyte electrolytic cell aluminum recovery dross available Substances (67) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 251 480 Electrolyte solutions with improved stability and electroconductivity and lithium ion secondary batteries By: Chiba, Kazumi; Nukui, Hideki Japan, JP2009170279 A 2009-07-30 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The solutions contain Li salts in pyrazolium salt ionic liquids I (R1-R4 = C1-4 alkyl, alkoxy; R 1 and R2 may link together to form a ring; A = counter anion). The lithium ion secondary batteries show improved discharge capacity and cycle stability. Keywords: electrolyte safety electroconductivity lithium ion battery; pyrazolium ionic liquid lithium salt electr olyte battery + R4 R3 + A- NN R1 R2 I available Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 481 Heat pipe apparatus using aqueous solution of ionic liquid as operating fluid By: Inoue, Seiji; Ohara, Kimikazu; Sakakibara, Nobuyoshi; Hagiwara, Rika; Nakada, Yoshito Japan, JP2009145038 A 2009-07-02 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The apparatus includes aqueous solution of ionic liquid having m.p. 0, comprising cations selected from dialkyl imidaz olium, alkyl pyridinium, tetraalkyl NH4+, tetraalkyl phosphonium, trialkyl sulfonium, N,N-dialkyl pyrrolidinium, N,N-dialkyl piperidinium, N, N-dialkyl morpholinium; and anions selected from halogen ion, S CN-, N(CN)2-, (CF3SO2)2N-, (C2F5SO2)2N-, CF3SO3-, (C2F5SO2)3C-, EtS O3-, MeOSO3-, EtOSO3-, AcO-, PF6-, AsF6-, ClO4-, BF4-. Keywords: heat pipe ionic liquid solution cation anion available Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 482 Method for recycling ionic liquid by ultrasonic atomization By: Ku, Yun Mo; Ha, Seong Ho; Lee, Sang Hyeon; Ma, I Ran Korea, Republic of, KR2009064907 A 2009-06-22 | Language: Korean, Database: CAplus The method comprises atomizing ionic liquid used as reaction medium or ionic liquid forming two phases or mixed with another solvent containing water by ultrasonic waves to selectively atomize water or the another solvent and effect ively sep. and recover high-price ionic liquid The cost of a process using ionic liquid can be saved, and the produc tivity can be improved. Keywords: ultrasonic atomization ionic liquid recycling method available Substances (15) Reactions (0) Citing (0) SciFinder Page 252 483 Method for preparing a deposition from a vapor By: Bressers, Petrus Marinus Martinus Cornelus; Roelands, Cornelis Petrus Marcus; Blokland, Huibert; Velthuis, Johannes Fransiscus Maria World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2009058006 A1 2009-05-07 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention is directed to a method for preparing a deposition on a substrate and to a method for manufacturing an electronic or optoelectronic device with a high degree of accuracy and control. The method of the invention comprises - providing an anode comprising electrolytically ionizable material and a cathode both in contact with an elec. conductive liquid , comprising anions capable of forming a mol. with the electrolytically ionized material; - electrol ytically oxidizing the ionizable material under formation of cations that dissolve in the liquid ; - evaporating the mols. formed from the cations and the anions from the liquid ; and depositing the mols. on the substrate. Keywords: electrochem oxidation evaporation vapor deposition electronic device fabric ation available Substances (29) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 484 Development of OPLS-AA Force Field Parameters for 68 Unique Ionic Liquids By: Sambasivarao, Somisetti V.; Acevedo, Orlando Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation (2009), 5(4), 1038-1050 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE OPLS-AA force field parameters have been developed and validated for use in the simulation of 68 unique combin ations of room temperature ionic liquids featuring 3-methylimidazolium or pyridinium N-alkyl derivatives (alkyl = Me, Et, Bu, Hex, Oct) , and choline cations, along with Cl-, PF6-, BF4-, NO3-, AlCl4-, Al2Cl7-, TfO-, saccharinate, and acesulfamate anions. The new parameters were fit to conformational profiles from gas- phase ab initio calculations at the LMP2/cc-pVTZ(-f)//HF/6-31G(d) theory level and compared to exptl. condensed-phase structural and thermodn. data. Monte Carlo simulations of the ionic liquids gave relative deviations from exptl. densities of ca. 1-3% at 25 for most combin ations and also yielded close agreement over a temper ature range of 5 to 90. Predicted heats of vaporization compared well with available exptl. data and estimates Transfer ability of the new parameters to multiple alkyl side-chain lengths for [RMIM] and [RPyr] was determined to give excellent agreement with charges and torsion potentials developed specific to desired alkyl lengths in 35 sep. ionic liquid simulations. As further validation of the newly developed parameters, the Kemp elimination reaction of benzisoxazole via piperidine was computed in 1- butyl-3-methylimi dazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6] using mixed quantum and mol. mechanics (Q M/MM) simulations and was found to give close agreement with the exptl. free energy of activation. Keywords: ionic liquid OPLS AA force field parameter; benzisoxazole piperidine ring opening butylmethylimidazolium fluoroph osphate medium thermodn modeling Substances (24) Reactions (0) Citing (387) SciFinder Page 253 485 Electrophotographic carriers with good durability, developers containing them, and method and apparatus for electrophotography using them By: Yagi, Shinichiro; Kondo, Tomio; Suzuki, Kosuke; Nagayama, Masashi Japan, JP2009093053 A 2009-04-30 | Language: Japanese, Database: CAplus The carriers comprise cores, and covering layers containing binder resins and conductive microparticles at coverage of the cores with the microparticles 70% calculated by the following equation: [(Ds s W)/(4 Df f)] 100 (Ds = volume- average particle size of cores; s = real d. of cores; W = microparticle/core amount ratio; Df = volume-average particle size of micropar ticles; f = real d. of microparticles). The microparticles have shape factor (SF 1) 160 and 0.5 < (Df/h) < 1.5 (h = thickness of covering layers) . Preferably, the microparticles comprise inorganic microparticles surface-treated with ionic liquids More preferably, the binder resins contain acrylic polymers and silicones. The carriers produce images with fine texture, low edge effect, and high color concent ration reproducibility for a long time. Keywords: electrophotog carrier ionic liquid covered inorganic conductive microparticle; edge effect prevention electro photog carrier; durability electrophotog carrier conductive micropa rticle covering available Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 486 Thiophene separation with ionic liquids for desulphurization: A quantum chemical approach By: Kumar, A. Ananth Praveen; Banerjee, Tamal Fluid Phase Equilibria (2009), 278(1-2), 1-8 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic Liquids (IL's) provide a green altern ative for the removal of aromatic sulfur compounds from diesel oil by Liquid - Liquid Extraction (LLE). A total of 24 anions and 11 cations resulting in 264 possible combin ations or potential solvents were chosen for this purpose. Continuum solvation models based on the COnductor like Screening MOdel (COSMO) along with its extension to Real Solvents (RS) have been used to directly predict the data. Initially C OSMO-RS has been benchmarked in predicting the LLE for 15 reported ternary systems containing thiophene as one of the sulfur derivative The average root mean square deviation obtained is 8.6%. Thereafter artificial simulated diesel, thiophene and the cation and anion combination was used to predict the capacity (C) and selectivity (S) at infinite dilution It was found that the lesser size cations have higher select ivity but lower capacity and vice versa. The selectivities varied from: 5.3 to 75.3 and 5.01- 35.1 for imidazolium and pyridinium based cations, resp. For fluori nated anions the thiophene extraction increases with the increase of the van der Waals volume, i.e. [BF4] > [PF6] > [CF3SO3] > [B TA]. Further the Performance Index (PI) values of [MMIM] based cations are higher than that of [O MIM] based IL's. A smaller cation with a sterically shielded large anion gave the highest value of performance index for the removal of thiophene. Keywords: thiophene extraction diesel oil ionic liquid desulphurization COSMO Substances (46) Reactions (0) Citing (112) SciFinder Page 254 487 Infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of [Bmim]-based ionic liquids in water and its molar conductivities By: Wong, Chun-Li; Soriano, Allan N.; Li, Meng-Hui Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (2009), 40(1), 77-83 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The authors presented new exptl. data of diffusion coefficients of four [Bmim (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium)]-based ionic liquids in water at infinite dilution for temperatures ranging from 303.2 to 323.2 K using Taylor dispersion technique. The studied I Ls were [Bmim][BF4 (tetrafluoroborate)], [Bmim][MeSO4 (methylsulfate)], [Bmim][PF6 (hexafluorophosphate)], and [Bmim][CF3SO3 (trifluoro methanesulfonate)]. The molar conductivities of these ionic liquids were also measured and the infinite dilution conduc tances were determined The present exptl. diffusion coefficients were represented using three correla tions; namely, Wilke-Chang, modified Wilke-Chang, and Nernst-Haskell equation. The Wilke-Chang equation underestimated the diffusion coefficient while the Nernst-Haskell equation overestimated the diffusion coefficient Only the modified Wilke- Chang equation satisfactorily represented the present exptl. data. Keywords: infinite dilution diffusion Bmim ionic liquid water molar conductivities Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (26) 488 Processes for separation of gases using ionic liquids By: Van Erkel, Joost; Bressers, Petrus Marinus Martinus Cornelus; Creusen, Raymond Johannes Maria World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2009011577 A1 2009-01-22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention is directed to a process using a composition comprising at least one type of ionic liquid and at least one metal ion in separation processes, in particular separation processes wherein olefins and paraffins are separated Keywords: separation gas ionic liquid available Substances (41) Reactions (0) Citing (0) 489 Processes for separation of gases using ionic liquids By: Van Erkel, Joost; Bressers, Petrus Marinus Martinus Cornelus; Creusen, Raymond Johannes Maria European Patent Organization, EP2016991 A1 2009-01-21 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The invention is directed to a process using a composition comprising at least one type of ionic liquid and at least one metal ion in separation processes, in particular separation processes wherein olefins and paraffins are separated Keywords: separation gas ionic liquid available Substances (41) Reactions (0) Citing (1) SciFinder Page 255 490 Theoretical Screening of Ionic Liquid Solvents for Carbon Capture By: Maiti, Amitesh ChemSusChem (2009), 2(7), 628-631 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Ionic liquids offer an alternative solvent system to absorb carbon dioxide from emission sources, offering distinct advantages over traditional solvents (e.g., monoetha nolamine): high chem. stability, low corrosion, nearly zero vapor pressure, membrane- suppor table, and multiple anion and cation choices which can be potent ially optimized for CO2 solubility and selectivity. A computatio nal/theor. method which can quickly, accurately compute C O2 solubility in any solvent as a function of pressure and temper ature is highly desirable. This work developed a computational approach to express C O2 gas solubility within 10- 15% in a general liquid solvent over a range of temperatures and C O2 pressures of practical interest. Chem. potentials were computed by C OSMO-RS using the com. version of the COSMO-therm code (A. Klamt, 2005) with standard parameter settings (A. Maiti, et al., 2008) . The fugacity coefficient was computed using the Soave- Redlich-Kwong equation of state for CO2. For several imidazolium cation-based ionic liquids , CO2 gas pressure was computed; and, following a validation of the computa tional approach, a larger number of solvents were screened for efficient CO2 dissolution Keywords: carbon dioxide air pollution control ionic liquid sequestration; theor method carbon dioxide solubility liquid solvent Substances (25) Reactions (0) Citing (76) 491 How polar are ionic liquids ? By: Hallett, Jason P.; Welton, Tom ECS Transactions (2009), 16(49), 33-38 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Ionic liquids have recently become extremely popular solvents for a wide range of applic ations from electrochem. to synthesis. From a solvation standpoint, ionic liquids are generally considered to be 'very polar' solvents. However, attempts to quantify the polarity of ionic liquids have yielded a confusing mixture of results - moderate dielec. constants, mixed solvato chromic parameters and adjustable water solubilities defy a simple classif ication of the polarity of ionic liquids We attempt to clarify this confusing and conflicting picture by using the Kamlet- Taft polarity scales to shed light on the solution behavior and explain how ionic liquids interact with a variety of solutes. Using these various parameters, different solution behaviors can be quantified and correl ated, thus painting a descriptive picture of what 'polarity' means for an ionic solvent. Keywords: Kamlet Taft polarity scale solute ionic liquid interaction Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (5) SciFinder Page 256 492 LFER correlations for the solubilising characterisation of room temperature ionic liquids containing trifluoromethanesulfonate and trifluoroacetate anions By: Proctor, Amy; Sprunger, Laura M.; Acree, William E. Jr.; Abraham, Michael H. Physics and Chemistry of Liquids (2008), 46(6), 631-642 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Gas-to- RTIL ( room temperature ionic liquid ) partition coefficients have been compiled from the published literature for solutes dissolved in 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate, {[MBIm]+[Trif]-}, and in 1- methyl-3-ethylimidazolium trifluoro acetate, {[MEIm]+[F3Ac]-}. These partition coeffi cients were converted into water- to- RTIL partition coefficients using the corresp onding gas-to-water partition coefficients These calculated and unknown partition coeffi cients are tabulated. Both sets of partition coefficients were analyzed using the Abraham model and Goss modified Abraham models with cation- specific and anion-specific equation coefficients Equation coefficients are reported for the trifluoromethylsulfonate and trifluoroacetate anions. The calculated anion coefficients can be combined with our previously determined eight sets of cation- specific equation coefficients to yield expres sions capable of predicting the partition coeffi cients of solutes in different RTILs . Keywords: organic compound water alkylmethylimidazolium ionic liquid partition LFER analysis Substances (38) Reactions (0) Citing (15) 493 Structural Effects of Anions and Cations on the Aggregation Behavior of Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solutions By: Wang, Huiyong; Wang, Jianji; Zhang, Shibiao; Xuan, Xiaopeng Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2008), 112(51), 16682-16689 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE The formation of ionic liquids aggregates in aqueous solution is of great importance to the future applic ations of ionic liquids In this work, aggregation behavior of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts [ C8mim]X (X = Cl, Br, [N O3], [CH3COO], [CF3COO], [CF3SO3], and [ClO4]), 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium bromide (4m-[C8pyr]Br), and 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium ([C8mpyrr]Br) has been invest igated in aqueous solutions by conductivity, volume, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC), ionization degree of the aggregates , the standard Gibbs energy of aggreg ation Gm, the average aggregation number N, the apparent molar volumes at critical aggreg ation concentration V,CAC, the apparent molar volumes in aggregation phase Vmic, and the change of the apparent molar volumes upon aggreg ation V,m, have been derived from the exptl. data for these ionic liquids It is found that both nature of the anions and ring type of the cations signifi cantly affect the aggregation in aqueous solution The anionic effect basically follows the Hofmeister series, and the ability of anionic hydration is predominant for the aggregation behavior of the ionic liquids Hydrophobicity and steric hindrance of the cations as well as binding strength of the cations with the anions are suggested to play important roles in the aggregation of [C8mim]Br, 4m-[C8pyr]Br, and [C8 mpyrr]Br. The investigated ILs were found to form spherical aggreg ates. Structures of anions and cations have very weak effects on the morphol., but they do affect the aggregate sizes. Keywords: ionic liquid pairing aqueous solution substituent effect Substances (18) Reactions (0) Citing (203) SciFinder Page 257 494 i onic liquids as heat stabilizers and antioxidants for lubricating oils By: Bodesheim, Guenther; Schmidt-Amelunxen, Martin; Sohn, Dieter; Grundei, Stefan World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2008154998 A1 2008-12-24 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention concerns the application of ionic liquids to improve the lubricating action of synthetic, mineral and native oils. A number of ionic liquids are used as thermal stabilizer and antiox idants in lubricating oils, in which the base oils are selected from synthetic oils, hydrocarbon oils, and glycerides or other biol. derived oils. A lubric ating oils may contain addnl. additives. Keywords: lubricating oil additive ionic liquid polyoxyalkylene antioxidant; thermal stabilizer antioxidative synthetic lubric ating base oil; petroleum synthetic lubricating oil polyphenyl ether; ionic liquid polyolefin polysiloxane perfluoropolyether lubricating oil N O H+ available Substances (53) Reactions (0) Citing (7) 495 i onic liquids as heat stabilizers and antioxidants for lubricating oils By: Bodesheim, Guenther; Schmidt-Amelunxen, Martin; Sohn, Dieter; Grundei, Stefan; Hoepke, Andrea Germany, DE102007028427 A1 2008-12-24 | Language: German, Database: CAplus The invention concerns the application of ionic liquids to improve the lubricating action of synthetic, mineral and native oils. A number of ionic liquids are used as thermal stabilizer and antiox idants in lubricating oils, in which the base oils are selected from synthetic oils, hydrocarbon oils, and glycerides or other biol. derived oils. A lubric ating oils may contain addnl. additives. Keywords: lubricating oil additive ionic liquid polyoxyalkylene antioxidant; thermal stabilizer antioxidative synthetic lubric ating base oil; petroleum synthetic lubricating oil polyphenyl ether; ionic liquid polyolefin polysiloxane perfluoropolyether lubricating oil available Substances (53) Reactions (0) Citing (6) SciFinder Page 258 496 Screening of ionic liquids to capture CO2 by COSMO-RS and experiments By: Zhang, Xiaochun; Liu, Zhiping; Wang, Wenchuan AIChE Journal (2008), 54(10), 2717-2728 | Language: English, Database: CAplus A screening method is proposed for the mol. design of ionic liquids (ILs) to capture carbon dioxide (C O2), which can reduce effici ently the necessary exptl. efforts. The C OSMO-RS method is implemented to predict the Henry's law constants of C O2 in 408 ILs with various combinations of cations and anions. It is found by the screening that the I Ls with the anion tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate([FEP]) show improved capability to capture C O2, compared with other I Ls reported in literature. Then, three [F E P]-based ILs are chosen to perform the solubility measur ements by the intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA 003, Hiden Anal.), with cations of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([hmim]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([bmpyrr]), and S-ethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylthio uronium ([ETT]) at 283.2, 298.2, and 323.2 K, up to the pressure of 1.8 M Pa. The exptl. data show that the solubility of C O2 in [hmim] [FEP] is about 15 % higher than that in 1- hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]), which is in fair agreement with the screening results, indicating the method proposed in this work is reliable. Keywords: carbon dioxide solubility ionic liquid prediction method measurement Substances (39) Reactions (0) Citing (209) 497 Simultaneous determination of ionic liquid cations and anions using ion chromatography with tandem ion exchange columns: a preliminary assessment By: Markowska, Aleksandra; Stepnowski, Piotr Analytical Sciences (2008), 24(10), 1359-1361 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE Analytical Methods available The usefulness of a cation exchange system followed by conductometric detection for alkylimidazolium cations separation and anal. was found for the first time. Furthermore, the possibility of simultaneously separating cations and anions typically used in ionic liquids in one chromatog. run was tested. A tandem of columns containing silica- based strong anion exchange and strong cation exchange packings was used. The study's objective was to find the optimal mobile phase: the best results were obtained with one consisting of potassium hydrogenphthalate and phthalic acid modified with acetoni trile. The method is simple and selective, and is believed to be applicable to numerous ionic liquids based on a similar design. Keywords: ionic liquid cation anion determination ion chromatog Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (23) SciFinder Page 259 498 Methods and apparatus for the storage of acetylene in the absence of acetone or dimethylformamide By: Agrawal, Rajat United States, US20080264803 A1 2008-10-30 | Language: English, Database: CAplus Methods and apparatus for storing and providing acetylene. A storage vessel contains both a porous filler material and an ionic liquid based solvent. Acetylene is dissolved into the solvent, and stored inside the storage vessel. The solvent contains no acetone or DMF. Keywords: apparatus storage acetylene available Substances (12) Reactions (0) Citing (2) 499 Diffusion coefficients and molar conductivities in aqueous solutions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbased ionic liquids By: Wong, Chun-Li; Soriano, Allan N.; Li, Meng-Hui Fluid Phase Equilibria (2008), 271(1-2), 43-52 | Language: English, Database: CAplus The authors presented diffusion coefficients of five [Emim, (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium)]-based ionic liquids in water at infinite dilution for temperatures ranging from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The data were obtained by Taylor dispersion method. The invest igated ILs were [Emim][C2N3 (dicyanamide)], [Emim][BF4 (tetrafluoroborate)], [Emim][C2H5SO4 (ethylsulfate)], [Emim][CF3SO3 (trifluoro methanesulfonate)], and [Emim][MDEGSO4 (2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethylsulfate)]. The molar conductivities of these ionic liquids were also measured and the infinite dilution conductances were calculated The temperature dependency of the present exptl. diffusion coefficients of the studied ionic liquids in water at infinite dilution were correlated using three equations; namely, WilkeChang, empirical (linear), and Nernst-Haskell equation. The Wilke-Chang equation underestimated the diffusion coefficient The empirical, a typical linear fit, satisfactory represented the present measurements of all the studied systems. The Nernst- Haskell equation satisfactory predicted the diffusion coefficients of most of the ionic liquids under investigation. The self-diffusion coeffi cients of the studied ions at infinite dilution were also evaluated and briefly discussed. The present results could be very essential to the assessment of the impact of ionic liquid in the waste water stream since it is the most likely pollution it would contribute to the environment. Keywords: ethylmethylimidazolium salt aqueous solution diffusion molar conductivity ion mobility Substances (11) Reactions (0) Citing (78) SciFinder Page 260 500 Chemical Potentials in Aqueous Solutions of Some Ionic Liquids with the 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Cation By: Kato, Hitoshi; Nishikawa, Keiko; Murai, Hiromi; Morita, Takeshi; Koga, Yoshikata Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2008), 112(42), 13344-13348 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE We determined the vapor pressures of aqueous solutions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C2mim])-based ionic liquids (IL) with counter anions, tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTF-), and iodide (I-). Because in literature the evidence is accumulating and pointing to the fact that ionic liquid ions do not dissociate in aqueous media for the most of the concent ration range, we analyzed the vapor pressure data on the basis of binary mixture, and the excess chem. potentials of each component were calculated From these, the intermol. interactions in terms of excess chem. potential and hence the concent ration fluctuations were evaluated. Though any further discussion into the mixing schemes of the mixture awaits the excess partial molar enthalpy and hence the excess partial molar entropy data, the net interaction in terms of excess chem. potential indicates that the affinity of each IL is ranked in the descending order [ C2mim]I > [C2mim]OTF > [C2mim]BF4. This is consistent with our earlier findings that [ C2mim]+ is modestly amphiphilic with almost equal hydroph obicity and hydrophilicity, I- is a hydrophile, and OTF- is amphiphilic, and BF4- is believed to be strongly hydrophobic. Keywords: ethylmethylimidazolium salt water mixture vapor pressure cation chem potential Substances (4) Reactions (0) Citing (14) Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved. Copyright 2023 U.S. National Library of Medicine. Internal use only. Redistribution is subject to the terms of your SciFinder License Agreement and CAS information Use Policies.