Document 3NarV72oaKLYBmx6En0a1rXO0

FILE NAME: Chemical Abstracts (CHAB) DATE: 1948 DOC#: CHAB029 OCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstract Originally Published in 1948 by Luton H r /?/ 3875 Chemical Abstracts 3876 Vol. 42 13--CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS T. H. CHILTON Chemical synthesis and world trade. R. P. ^instead. a examd. Masks were found satisfactory for preventing Discovery 8, 366-9(1947).--Antiknock petrol is made by further accidents. Marion Horn Peskin introducing branched-chain hydrocarbons rather than Monsanto products in Canada. L. K. La Flamme, E. metallic compds. Butadiene (synthetic rubber) is syn- O. Gould, and A. Monsaroff. Can. Chem. Process Inds. thesized by condensing C2H_i with formaldehyde in pres----32, 253-4, 257(1948).--A progress report. W. H. B. ence of copper acetyl"id'e. .T..h..i.s...y..i.e..l.d.~s 2-butyne-l.,..4..-.d..i.o...l, Sulfuric acid index of production follows industrial ac- which is hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol, which is in turn tivity. C. C. Concannon and F. M. Hoffheins (Office dehydrated to butadiene. There still remains a large of Domestic Commerce, Washington, D.C.). Chem. field, notably foodstuffs, in which large-scale synthesis ^ Eng_. News 26, 1072-3(1948.). E. J. C. has not yet been found practicable. N. Corcoran Milk as a chemical raw material. Herbert Kuntscher. Partners in research. Anon. Chem. Eng. News 26, 994-6(1948).--Excerpts from the 11th annual report of the Armour Research* Foundation. Various research projects are outlined. E. J. C. The industrial hygiene services of the Illinois State Mitt. chem. Forschungsinst. Ind. Oslerr. 1,99-102(1947).-- A review with 25 references. E. H. Studies on aerosols. I. Reduction of dust deposition in lungs of rabbits by aqueous aerosols. L. Dautrebande, B. Highman, and W. C. Alford (Natl. Inst, of Health, Department of Public Health. Kenneth M. Morse (Illinois Dept, of Pub. Health, Chicago). What's New in In i. Hyg. 3, No. 1, 6-7(1946).--Descriptive. Leopold Scheflan Bethesda, Md.). J . Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 30, 103-7(1948). --Inhaled fine dust particles may cause injurious effects which are lessened by the use of aq. Aerosol O. T. This 3 shown by the less severe pathol. pulmonary changes Industrial ventilation. Kenneth M. Morse (Illinois Dept, of Pub. Health, Chicago). What's New in Ind. Hyg. 3, No. 2, 6-11, No. 4, 7-15(1948).--Descriptive. Leopold Scheflan Electrostatic precipitation of industrial dust, fumes, and vapors for hygienic purposes. D. Parris. Pass. med. ind. 16, 16(1947); Brit. J. Ind. Med. 5, 47(1948).--Elec trostatic pptn. is of great value for sepg. arsenical vapors in HjSQi plants and for removing finely divided valuable or dangerous products from coke ovens. Its efficiency is 90-100%. Marion Horn Peskin Determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in industrial atmospheres. Alfred N.. Setterlind (Illinois Dept, of Pub. Health, Chicago). What's New in Ind. Hyg. 4, No. 1, 9-17(1947).--The construction is described in detail of a light-wt. app. suitable for field work which is built around the principle that when vaporized chlorinated hydrocarbons are passed together with air over incandes cently heated P t and then through a soln. of a reducing agent, HC1 is formed in amt. equiv. to the Cl present in the and particularly by the striking absence of severe respira tory embarrassment in rabbits exposed to dust when this aerosol is used. The amt. of dust deposited, particularly in the alveolar ducts and alveoli, is greatly reduced by this aerosol. These data were obtained with a willemite dust suspension of av. diam. 0.90m- The particles are readily identified by their fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. A considerable part of the effect of the aerosol is due to the increase in the diam. of the individual dust particles when they are coated with water and to the aggregation of such wetted particles. II. Coating and agglutinating of dust particles by aqueous aerosols. L. Dautrebande, W. C. Alford, and B. Highman. Ibid. 108-13.--Clouds of willemite and quartz particles were produced, with _av. particle diams. < 1m- When the dust clouds were mixed with aerosols generated from distd. water and from eosin solns., the mean particle diam. increased 50-100%, owing to a liquid coating. There were aggregates of much larg :t diam. These results suggest that aerosols may be found useful for supplementing (but not to replace) current hydrocarbon vapors. If the absorption medium is a ~ methods used for the control of dust hazards in occupations liquid of definite vol. and alky., the amt. of HC1 obtained where large amts, of fine dust are dispersed, such as dnll- during sampling may be detd. by direct titration to a ing, smelting, and cement making. G. M. Petty neutral point with HC1 of convenient strength. The ab- Filtration of aerosols by granular charcoal. Sidney H. sorbing reagent actually used was an accurately measured / Katz and Duncan Macrae (Army Chem. Center, Epge- vol. of a soin, of Na metaarsenite. Detailed information wood, Md.). / . Phys. & Colloid Chcrn. 52, 69&-7(1948) is given on the microfumace, winding the quartz rod, the --The absorption of vapors by gas-mask charcoal is known absorption assembly, the Aloxite nozzle, calibration of the (Klotz, C.A. 41, 234) to be characterized by a const, capacity of the pump, sampling technique, the chem. d e tn .,_ that is proportional to the 0.41 power of the product of and the titration. Leopold Scheflan the granule diam., mass rate of flew, and fluidity of the Asbestosia. P. Luton and J. Champfix. Arch, mala vapor. Data for the absorption of a dioctyl phthalate dies profess, mid. travail et securit sociale 7, 365(1946); aerosol with particle diam. of 0.3m give a similar const, Brit. J . Ind. Med. 5, 44(1948).--In a factory processing that is proportional to the 0.41 power of the same product. waste asbestos, the atm. dust concn. was 6-74 mg./cu.m., 3 The agreement between exponents indicates that granular and the dust contained 2-14.6% free silica; most of the charcoal filters aerosol particles and vapor mols. by much particles were large. When raw Canadian asbestos was the same mechanism, even though the diffusion consts. substituted for the waste asbestos, the atm. dust concn. involved differ by a factor of 100,000. H. K. L. fell to 6-11 mg./cu.m., there was no free silica, and 90% of -- the particles were not larger than 1m- Asbestosis bodies Utilization of short-chain paraffins and olefins in chem. appeared in the sputum within 3 months after exposure industry (Nelson) 22. Patents: Prepn. of fluoroalkanes and persisted for as long as 15 years after exposure had [ingredients of refrigerants] (Hoehn) 10._ Halognation ceased. Although these bodies were found in all exposed h guorinatedcompd"s. [as solvents] (Barrick) 24 to the dust, their presence in numerous amtss. and_ massed r arrangement in the sputum provided partial diagnostic evidence of pulmonary asbestosis. M. H ; Peskin Copper fever. L. Friberg and E. Thrysin. Nord. Hyg. Tid. 28, 5(1947); Brit. J. Ind. Med. 5, 31(1948).-- ' F ev er a n d various o th er signs of poisoning occurred for a Begeman, M. L. : Manufacturing Processes. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1947. 626 pp. Re viewed in Chimie & industrie 58, 144(1947). B ra n d c n b e rg e r, E. : G ru n d lag en d er W erkstoffchem ie. few days in workmen after they cleaned a dusty oven contg. 1-15m particles of Cu and its oxides, in a factory producing BuOH from crotonaldehyde. The cleaning process was preceded by the blowing of steam through the oven to rid it of certain gases; the cleaning itself took usually 2-8 hrs., occasionally up to 24 hrs. No per manent sequels to the poisoning were noted in 50 workers Zurich: Rascher-Verlag. 1947. Fr. 21. Aerosols. Irving Langmuir and Vincent J. Schaefer (to General Electric Co.). U.S. 2,437,963, Mar. 16, 1948. An aerosol is produced by vaporizing a material which doe* not tend to evap. at ordinary atm. temps, in