Document 3NMbJLYbz5KE8N2zYdp8DOXMJ

FILE NAME: Shipbuilders Council of America (SHIP) DATE: 1970 Sept 28 DOC#: SHIP017 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: US Dept of Labor Proposed National System for Uniform Recording and Reporting of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses U .S. D EPA RTM EN T OF LABOR B ureau of L abor S tatistics W ashington, D, C. 20212 S eptem ber 28, 1970 M r. F ran cis L. LaQue, P resident A m erican N ational S tandards In s titu te 1430 B roadw ay New Y ork, New Y ork 10018 D ear M r. LaQue: I am pleased to su b m it to you the re p o rt of the Study G roup on R ep o rtin g Y7ork In ju rie s on a N ationw ide B a s is , w hich y o u ap p o in ted in J a n u a ry of th is y e a r. We have p re p a re d a p roposed N ational System , fo r U niform R ecording and R eporting of O ccupational In ju ries and Illn esse s, re fle c t ing the co nsensus of the study group. It is en clo sed as E xhibit I, to g eth er w ith a re p o rt on our w ork a3 E xhibit II. The study group has com pleted its fo rm a l assig n m en t and should be d isch arg ed . In a v ery re a l se n se , how ever, the w o rk of the study group has ju st begun. D e p artu res fro m T o n g -estab lish ed m odes of thought a re su g --- gested and a new m ethod of m e asu rin g occupational safety and health pro p o sed . We reco g n ize th at th e re a re c o n tro v e rsia l asp ects to the p ro p o sal. A thorough rev iew by those w ith an in te re s t in the subject is re q u ire d . The study g ro u p did not c le a r o u r p ro p o sa l w ith the gro u p s fro m w hich we cam e o r w ith o th e rs . It is re co g n ized th a t the sy stem needs testin g in u se. On behalf of the m e m b e rs of the stu d y group and th o se we in v ited to consult w ith us, I thank you fo r the opportunity to p articip ate in this useful and im p o rtan t w ork. Y ours m ost sin cerely , M aurice F . B resnahan Study G roup C h airm an E nclosures /f PL A IN T IF F'S s T^exitiB JT - | . -: - - -- - - - o SBCA 5074 { ........... ................. X V J P roposed N ational System for U niform R ecording and R eporting of Occupational Injuries and Illn e sses CONTENTS 1. I n tr o d u c tio n ------------------------- -------------------------------------------2. D e fin itio n s -- ------------------------------------- ---------------------- ----- Page 1 1 3. 1 O c c u p a tio n a l I n ju r y a n d I l l n e s s R e c o r d s ---------------------- '3 3. 2 A n n u a l R e p o r t --------------- - -- -- - -- -- -- -- 3 3 . 2 . 2 I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r C o m p le tin g A n n u a l R e p o r t ------------ 5 4 . C a t e g o r i e s o f R e p o r ta b l e O c c u p a tio n a l I l l n e s s e s '---------- 8 5 . L o g ------------------- -- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ------------------------------- 10 6. A n n u a l S u m m a r y ------------------------------ r ~-------------------------- 12 7 . R e p o r tin g JVj.eth.od ------------------------------------------ ------------------- 12 C. D a ta O u tp u t of th e S y s t e m ---------- --------- ------ ----------------- 12 EXHX3I r I PROPOSED H A TIC NAD SY ST E M FOR UNIFORM RECORDING AND R EPO R TIN G OF OCCUPATIONAL IN JU RIES AND ILLNESSES A ugust 21f 1970 Proposed National System for U niform re c o rd in g and R eporting of O ccupational In ju ries and Illn esses 1. Introduction The N ational S ystem proposed h e re in is designed to provide an annual profile on the num bers of occupational in ju ries and illn e sse s o c cu rrin g in the A m erican w ork p lace. The m e a su re m e n t w ill provide in d ic a to rs as to w here occupational safety and health p ro b lem s ex ist and can be u sed as a guide fo r th o se re sp o n sib le fo r the prevention of fu tu re occupational fa ta litie s, in ju rie s and illn e s s e s . 2. D efinitions In th is re p o rtin g sy ste m the follow ing d efin itio n s sh a ll apply: 2. 1 A R eportable O ccupational In ju ry o r Illn ess is any d isab ility o r p erm an en t im p airm en t to an em ployee w hich re su lts fro m any exposure in the w ork environm ent th at e ith e r: 1. R esu lts in death; o r 2. P rev e n ts the em ployee fro m p erfo rm in g h is n o rm a l a ssig n m ent during his next re g u la r or subsequent w ork day or shift; or 3. R equires 2 o r m ore v isits to a physician. 2 .2 An O ccupational Injury is any in ju ry such as a cut, fra c tu re , sp rain , am putation, e tc ., w hich re su lts fro m a w ork accident. 2. 3 An O ccupational Illn ess of an em ployee is any abnorm al p h y sical condition or d is o rd e r, o th er th an one re su ltin g fro m an occupational in ju ry , cau sed by ex p o su re to en v iro n m en tal facto rs asso c iate d w ith h is em ploym ent. It includes acute and ch ro n ic illn e sse s o r d ise a se s w hich m ay be caused by inhalation, ab so rp tio n , in g estio n or d ire c t contact and w hich can be included in c ate g o rie s 1 through 7 liste d in Section 4. ^ C lassificatio n of R eportable O ccupational In ju ries o r Illn esses The follow ing c la ssific a tio n s sh a ll apply to re p o rta b le occu pational in ju ries or illn e sse s; 1. F a ta litie s : In ju rie s and illn e s s e s th a t r e s u lt in the d e ath of any em ployee re g a rd le s s of the tim e betw een the in ju ry or the diagnosis of illn e s s and death. - 2- 2. L ost Tim e C ases: In ju ries and illn e sse s o th er than fa ta litie s th at prevent the em ployee fro m p erfo rm in g his n o rm al a ssig n m en t during any p a rt of the next re g u la r o r any subsequent w ork day o r shift. 3. T w o-V isit P h y sician T reatm en t C ases: Injury and illn e sse s, other than fata litie s and lo st tim e c ase s, th at req u ire Z o r m o re v is its to a p h y sician , 2 .5 O ccupational Injury and Illn ess R eco rd s. A reco rd in g of each rep o rtab le occupational in ju ry (including fatality ) and illn ess is re q u ire d of ev ery em p lo y er cov ered by the rep o rtin g sy stem . 2.6 A nnual Sum m ary is a com pilation of the to ta l num ber of rep o rtab le occupational in ju rie s and illn e sse s (including fa ta litie s) by classificatio n fo r posting by em p lo y ers in a m an n er accessib le to the em ployees. 2.7 A nnual R eport is a re p o rt of occupational injury and illness data th at is to be com pleted and subm itted upon the req u e st of the S e c re ta ry of L ab o r. 2 .8 W ork L ays L o s t. The a c tu a l n u m b e r of days the em ployee w ould have w orked but could not b ecau se of an o ccupational injury or illn e ss, 2 .9 E sta b lish m en t. An econom ic unit w hich pro d u ces goods or se rv ic e s, and g en erally is in one physical location engaged in one econom ic activ ity. ^ W ork E n v iro n m en t is c o m p rised of the p h y sical location, equipm ent, m a te ria ls p ro c e sse d o r u sed , and the kinds of op eratio n s p e rfo rm ed by an em ployee in the p erfo rm an ce of his w ork. ^ --a n " H oursW orked. In the rep o rtin g sy stem , m an -h o u rs w ill be used as the com m on d en o m in ato r and is the to ta l hours w orked by the em ployees during the re p o rtin g p erio d . To m ake the ra te s m o re m eaningful, they w ill be p resen ted in t e r m s o f " p e r 100 f u l l - t i m e e m p l o y e e s . 11 3 ` --^ y p a tio n a l I n ju r y a n d I l l n e s s R e p o r tin g S y s te m The u n ifo rm sy ste m of re c o rd in g and re p o rtin g occupationa in ju rl ^ and illn e sse s co n sists of a re q u ire d A nnual R ep o rt F o rm , Section re q u ire d A nnual S um m ary, S ection o; and a suggested Log, action J, rt (/}  3 3, 1 O ccupational Injury and Illn ess R ecords 3* 1, 1 R e c o r d s E ach o ccu p atio n al in ju ry (including fa ta lity ), and illn e s s sh all be re c o rd ed by e v e iy em ployer using his own re c o rd keeping sy ste m , w hich can be a f ir s t re p o rt of in ju ry or equivalent fo rm . The suggested Log of S ection 5 can also be used. The re c o rd s sh all be usee as a so u rce for com pleting the A nnual R ep o rt of S ection 3. 2 and the A nnual Sum m a ry of S ection o. E v e ry occupational illn e ss, diagnosed by a physician as included in the d efinition of S ection 2 .3 , and re p o rte d to the em ployer, sh a ll be re c o rd e d , provided the e x te n t' of d isab ility is th a t of one of tne c la sse s of Section 2 .4 . 3. 2 A nnual R ep o rt. The annual re p o rt w hich sh all be com pleted a n d f il e d w it'i tn e S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r , u p o n r e q u e s t , -is t h a t r e p o r t f o r m d e s c r ib e d in S e c tio n 3. 2. 1. 3*2.1 A nnual R eport F orm r O CCU PA TIO N A L IN JU R Y -4- AND IL L N E SS R E P O R T FO R 1970 Individual sitablishm ent reports w ill only be available for statistical com pilation, inspection services, and consultation services, Inform atio will not be published so th a t the individual estal lishm ent can be identified or its report deduced I__ Codes f {Please change mailing address if incorrect-- Include postal ZIP code) E stab lish m e n t nam e and lo catio n I. E m p l o y m e n t a n d H o u r s . (See instructions 1.) I , A verage n u m b er o f full- and part-time em ployees {Enter average of year; include ail classes of employees)____ ________________ ___ - -* (PlaBM eotnploU tbit xction iven though thars wtr no injur!**.) 2. T otal h o a rs w orked by all em ployees during entire y e a r..................................... -- --- -------------------- - II. N a tu r e o f B u s in e s s ._____ (See instruction* 11.) 3. Principal type of activity of this establishment (i.e., manu* factoring, wholesale, retail, construction, hotel, etc. )`, Enter in order of importance the principal products manufactured, lines of trade, specific services, or other activities. <b)------------------------- --------(e) <d) (e )---- P*re*nt of total innut) idol viiua or raMlpti, 197Q ------------- % -------------% 5. F o r m a n u fa c tu rin g only, in d ic a te : (a) Principal materials used <.*., Aluminum astion, m hlnd put*, uMemblrd parti; rayon itiplr, wool rum. axtot fabrie*, ite.--In Che (arm brought Into plant; do not Hat Ustala produced in (Ml plant.) (A) General types of operations performed (e.g., foundry machine shop, assembly; spinning, weaving, sewing fttc * ) * * r-T- -- - III. R ep o rtab le O ccu p atio n al In ju rie s and Illn e s s e s (See instruction! III.) (a) O ccupational Injuries F ata lities (1) Lost T im e Cases Number Work Days of Cases Lost (2) 0) Tw o-V isit Physician Treatm ent Cases (4) (b) O ccupational Illnesses 1. O ccupational skin diseases or disorders 2. Dust diseases of the lungs (pneumoconioses) 3. Respiratory conditions due to toxic agents 4. Poisoning (system ic effects of toxic m aterials) 5. Disorders due to physical agents (other than toxic m aterials) 6. Disorders due to rep eated traum a 7. All other occupational illnesses T o ta l - - o cc u p atio n al illn esse s,(1 -7 ) (c) T otal -- O ccupational'Injurics and Illnesses Comments: R epon prepared by---------------------------------- ----------- Position.............................................................. Date .... - 5 - c j . Z. Z I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r C o m p le tin g th e A n n u a l R e p o r t F o r m 3 .2 ,2 ,1 G eneral a ) T h is r e p o r t is r e q u ir e d u p o n re q u e s t o th e S ecretary of Labor b) The annual re p o rt period shall be for a calen d ar y e a r, w ith the re p o rt to be com pleted by Jan u ary 30, the follow ing y ear. E sta b lish m e n t N am e and L ocation: E n te r the lo catio n if d ifferen t fro m the m ailin g a d d re ss and Lie n am e, n u m b e r, o r o th e r d esig n a tio n that identifies this estab lish m en t. 3 .2 ,2 . 2 Specific In stru ctio n s I, E m ploym ent and H ours Ite m 1. E m p lo y e e s ,- - E n te r th e a v e ra g e num ber of em ployees for the y e a r. Include all c la sse s of em ployees ( ad m in istrativ e, su p erv iso ry , clerical, professional, tech nical, sales, delivery, installation, con- ~ stru ctio n and serv ice personnel, as w ell as operating and re la ted w o rkers) em ployed fu ll- or p a rt-tim e by this estab lish m en t. To o b ta in tn is fig u re ( a ) add th e n u m b e r of em ployees re p o rte d to your State U nem ploy m ent In su ran ce A gency for each m onth and d iv id e by 12, o r ,{b) a d d the n u m b e r on each, p ay ro ll during the y e ar and divide by th e n um ber of s u c h p a y r o l l s in t.xe y e a r . Ite m .T o u r s .- -E n te r tiie to ta l h o u rs w o rk ed by a ll e m p lo y e es c u rin g t.ie e n tire y e a r. Include all tim e on duty, but exclude v acatio n , holiday, sick leave, and all ot.ier off-duty tim e, ev en t.iou h paid fo r. The h o u rs re p o rte d Si.ould be obtained fro m p a y ro ll o r o th e r tim e re c o rd s. If actu al h o u rs of office, sa le s, o r o th er groups a re not av ailab le, they m ay be e stim ate d on the b a sis of scheduled h o u rs or 8 h o u r s p e r d a y . ( E x a m p le : If 10 e m p lo y e e s w orked 8 hours p er day, ^ days a week, for t>0 w e e k s th e t o t a l w o u ld b e 10XLXi>Xb0=20, 000 h o u rs fo r the y e a r. ) A llow ance should be m ade -6 - for O vertim e, slack p erio d s, irre g u la r and p a rt-tim e w ork, holidays, vacations, and other a b se n c e s.' F o r standby em ployees such as seam en, firem en, em ergency crew s, e tc ., u se the n um ber of hours the em ployee is. confined to the em p lo y ers p re m is e s , up to 24 h o u rs p e r d a /. F o r em ployees liv in g on tne p ro p e rty but not confined to it, use the a ctu al hours w orked. Include actu al h o u rs w orked by casu al em ployees. II. N ature of B u sin ess U nder Item 3, in d icate the g e n e ra l type of activ ity , and un d er ite m 4 lis t the sp ecific products m anufactured, lines of trad e, se rv ic e s, or other activ ities engaged in. P lease describe each product or activity fully. (E xam ple: M anu factu rin g u p h o lstered household fu rn itu re, re ta il men* s sh o es, auto body r e p a ir, e tc. ) If m o re th an one product o r activ ity is listed , show in the second colum n the approxim ate p ercen t of to ta l annual sales value or re c eip ts derived fro m e ac h . If engaged in m an u factu rin g , p le ase lis t u n d er 5 (a) the p rin c ip a l m a te ria ls used (in the fo rm in w hich th ey w ere b ro u g h t into e s ta b lis h m e n t), and un d er (b ) indicate the g e n eral types of operations perform ed by this establishm ent, III. R eportable O ccupational In ju ries and Illn esses E n ter the to ta l num ber of fa ta l c a se s, lo st tim e c ase s, and tw o -v isit physician treatm en t cases (T hese m ake up reportable in ju ries and illnessesi) fo r each of the c la sse s of occupational in ju ries and illn e s se s liste d . Include a ll re p o rta b le in ju ries and illn e sse s in c u rre d by em ployees of the e sta b lish m e n t d u rin g the c a le n d a r-y e a r. If the fin al e x ten t is not known by the re p o rt ing date (F e b ru a ry 1 of the follow ing y e a r) use the d o c to r1 s b e s t e stim a te . If y o u a re u n ab le to e s tim a te fin a l ex ten t, give d e ta ils of the case in "C o m m e n ts." F o r lo st tim e c a s e s , en ter the num ber of w ork days lo st. If th e re is n o ne, e n te r u0" in th e box. -7 - 1 A R ep o rtab le O ccupational In ju ry or Illn ess is any d isa b ility o r p e rm an en t im p a irm e n t to an em p lo y ee which, re s u lts fro m any e x p o su re in the w ork en v iro n m en t th at e ith e r: 1. R esu lts in death; or P rev e n ts the em ployee fro m p erfo rm in g his n o rm al assignm ent during his next re g u la r or subsequent w ork day or shift; or 3. R equires 2 o r m ore v isits to a physician. F a ta litie s : (c o lu m n 1) In ju rie s and illn e s s e s th a t re s u lt in the d eath of any em ployee re g a rd le s s of the tim e betw een the in ju ry or the diagnosis of illn ess and death. L o st Tim e C a s e s : (colum n 2) In ju ries and illn e s s e s o th e r th a n fa ta litie s -that p re v e n t the em ployee fro m perform ing his no rm al assig n m en t during any p a rt of the next reg u lar' o r any subsequent w ork day or shift. N ote: L o st T im e re fe rs to the in ab ility to p e rfo rm the n o rm ally assig n ed job and sh a ll be counted even though the em ployee is te m p o ra rily placed on a different job. W ork Days L o st: (colum n 3) The actu al num ber of days the em ployee w ould have w orked but could not b ecau se of an occupational in ju ry or illn ess. 'The to ta l n u m b e r of d a y s lo s t d o e s n o t in c lu d e the day of the in ju ry (o r the fir s t day of inability to p e rfo rm the n o rm a l assig n m en t because of illn e s s ); nor the day of re tu rn to fu ll-tim e w ork at the n o rm a l assig n m en t; and also excludes days on w hich no re g u la r w ork w as scheduled for th is em ployee. It does include as L ost Tim e a ll w ork days lo st u n til the em ployee re tu rn s to h is fo rm e r o r a new p erm an en tly assigned job.  8 F o r em ployees not having a re g u la rly sch ed uled shift, i . e . , c ertain tru ck d riv e rs, construction w o rk ers, longshorem en, farm labor, casual labor, e tc ., it m ay be n eces s a ry to e stim ate the num ber of w ork days lo st. T w o-V isit P hysician T reatm ent C ases: (col um n 'i) In ju rie s and illn e s s e s , o th e r than fa ta litie s and lo st tim e c ase s, th at req u ire c o r m o re v isits to a p h y sician . (a ) C xcupational Injury An occupational in ju ry is any injury such as a cut, fra c tu re , sp rain , am putation, e t c ., w hich re s u lts fro m a w ork accid en t, ( b) O ccupational Illn esses -Because occupational illn e s se s a re ra re ly a ttrib u ta b le to a sp ecific incident, they should be re p o rte d in the y e ar in w hich ~ the illn e ss w as fir s t diagnosed and rep o rted to the em p lo y er. F o r this re p o rt, an occupational illn ess of an em ployee is any abnorm al p h y sical condition o r d iso rd e r, o ther than one resu ltin g from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to en v iro n m en tal fa c to rs a sso c ia te d v/ith his em ploym ent. It includes acute and chronic illn e sse s or d ise a se s w hich m ay be caused by inhalation, ab so rp tio n , ingestion or d ire c t contact and w hich can be included in c ateg o ries 1 th ro u g h 7 liste d in C ection 4. C ategories of R eportable C ccupational Illn esses The follow ing listin g gives the c a te g o rie s of occu p atio n al illn e sse s and d iso rd e rs th at w ill be u tilized fo r the purpose of classify in g rep o rtab le illn e sse s. F o r purposes of inform ation, exam ples of each catgory a re given. These a re ty p ic a l e x am p les, h o w ev er, and a re not to be c o n sid e re d to be the ex clu siv e listin g of the ty p es of illn e s s e s and d is o rd e rs th a t a re to be counted u n d e r each c ate g o ry .  v- 1. O CCU PA TIO N A L SKIN E I55A S 3S OR DI5CRL-ERS E x a m p le s: C ontact d e rm a titis, eczem a, o r ra s h caused by prim aryirrita n ts and s e n s itiz e rs o r poisonous plants; o il acne; chrom e u lc e rs; chem ical burns or inflam m ations; etc. i . DUST D ISEA SES C.F TH E LUNGS ( P n e u m o c o n io s e s ) E x am p les: S ilico sis, a sb e sto sis, coal v /o rk er1 s pneum oconiosis, b y ssin o sis, and other pneum oconioses. 3. RE SPIT.A TORY CCN EILIG NS DUE TO fG E IC A DENTS E x am p les: Pneum onitis, bro n ch itis, pharyngitis, rh in itis or acute congestion due to c h em ica ls, d u sts, ^ a se s, o r fum es; fa rm e r1s lun^; e tc. 4. POISONING (S y ste m ic E ffects of T oxic M a te ria ls) E x am p les: P oisonin? by lead, m e rc u ry , cadm ium , arsen ic, or other m e ta ls; poisoning by carbon m onoxide, h y d ro je n sulfide or other ja s e s ; poisonin? by benzol, carbon te tra c h lo rid e , or other organic so lv en ts; poisoning by in secticid e sp ray s such as parath io n , lead a rse n a te ; poisoning by o th er ch em icals such as form aldehyde, plastics and re sin s; etc. E I^C R L ER S L U 2 TO PAYGICAL AGENTS (O th e r th an Toxic Iv ia te ria ls ) E x a m p le s : I-ieat s tro k e , s u n s tro k e , h e a t e x h a u s tio n and o th e r effects of e n v iro n m e n ta l h eat; fre e z in g , fro s tb ite and effects of ex p o su re to low te m p e ra tu re s ; c a isso n d is e a s e ; effects of io nizing radiation (iso to p es, x -ra y s, rad iu m ); effects of non-ionizinj rad iatio n ( w elding flash , u ltra -v io le t ra y s, m icro w av es, su n b u rn ); e tc . o. E i: GEL EES EUE TC E E PEA TEE TRAUMA E x am p les: N oise-induced h earing lo ss; synovitis, tenosynovitis, and b u rs itis ; R aynaud1s phenom ena; and o th er conditions due to rep eated m otion, v ib ratio n or p re s su re . V. A L L GiE-lSF; O C C U P A T IO N A L IL L N E S S E S E x am p les: A nthrax, b ru c e llo sis, infectious h ep atitis, m alignant and b e n ijn tu m o rs, food poisoning, h isto p la sm o sis, coccidioido m ycosis, etc. 5. 1 Log of R ep o rtab le O ccupational In ju ries and Illn e sse s (R educed) Case Em ployee's N am e D ate of Class of N u m be r (and O ccupation at T im e of Injury) Injury 1_ Injury or Illness 2/ 1 Brief D escription of Injury or Illness .. . N atalities Date of D eath Extent of Injury or Illness Count each case in only one of these classes of extent. 1 N on-Fatal Lost T im e Cases N o n -F ata! Case R equiring Date of Work-Days P hysician Visits O nly (No R e tu rn to. Lost From Days Lost From P erm anent lob) Perm anent lob Perm anent lob F irstV iS 'L Date Second Visit D ate ` * 9 1J For o cc u p atio n al illness, d ate o f first day o f absence in co n n e ctio n w ith w hich it was diagnosed as an o cc u p atio n al illness and reported to th e em p lo y er. 2j E nter one of these codes: A, O c c u p a tio n a l injuries; B, O cc u p atio n al shin diseases or disorders; C , Dust diseases of the lungs (pneum oconioses); D, R espiratory conditions!due to toxic agents; E, Poisoning (S ystem ic effects of tix ic m a teria ls); F, D isorders due to physical agents (other than to x ic m a te ria ls); G. Disorders d u e 'to repeated traum a; H, A ll o th e r o c c u p a tio n a l illnesses. E xam ples ap p ear In S ectio n 4. N ote: M aintenance of this log is in te n d ed only ns an aid to a c cu rate com pletion of tl* annual sum m ary. v w* - 12 - 6. Annual Sum m ary An annual su m m ary sim ila r to Section 6. 1 sh all be com pleted and p o s te d in th e e m p lo y e rs e s ta b lis h m e n t b y F e b r u a r y 15 of the fo llo w ing y e a r, in a m an n er a cc e ssib le to the em p lo y ees. The p osted su m m a ry sh a ll be of su ffic ie n t size so as to be e a s ily re a d by the em p lo y ees. 7 . R ep o rtin g M ethod 7. 1 E sta b lish m en ts re q u ire d to re p o rt w ill be d eterm in e d by the S e c re ta ry of L ab o r. 7 .2 .M ethod of re p o rtin g to be d e te rm in e d by the S e c re ta ry of L a b o r. 8. D ata O utput of the S y stem rh e sy ste m is d esig n ed to p ro v id e , fo r the n atio n as a w hole, e stim a te s of: rhe to tal num ber of rep o rtab le w ork in ju ries and illn e sse s, the num ber of fa ta litie s, the num ber of lo st tim e c a s e s, the num ber of w ork days lo st, and the num ber of tw o -v isit ph y sician tre a tm e n t c a se s. A lso it is designed to p ro v id e, fo r each of th e se , a ra te such as the nu m b er of tw o -v isit p h y sician tre a tm e n t c a se s p er 100 em p lo y ees. E ith er an e stim ate of the to ta l or a ra te , or both, could be provided fo r the follow ing: E ach State, in d u stry c ate g o rie s (a to ta l of about 1,000 u n d er the S tandard In d u strial C lassification),size-o f-estab lish m en t c ateg o ries, and occupational in ju ries and occupational illn esses sep arately . C ro ss tabulations of the above could be provided in a larg e num ber of c a se s. F o r exam ple the sy ste m m ight provide the to tal num ber of lo s t tim e c a s e s f r o m o c c u p a tio n a l illn e s s in 197 1 p e r 100 em ployees in M assach u setts chem ical m anufacturing estab lish m en ts w ith fro m 20 to 100 e m p lo y e e s. Individual e sta b lish m e n t to ta ls w ill be av ailab le fo r c o m p ariso n to any of the ag g reg ate fig u re s o r ra te s . h . 1 A N N U A I, SU M M A R Y - 1"970 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES XYE M ANUFACTURING COMPANY P L A N T No. 13 III. R eportable O ccupational In ju ries and Illn esses (S ee in stru ctio n s III. ) F atalities L ost tim e c ase s N um ber W ork days of c ase s lo s t T w o-visit Phys ician treatm ent cases (a ) O ccupational In ju ries (b ) O ccupational Illn esses 1. O c c u p a tio n a l s k in d i s e a s e s o r d i s o r d e r s 2. D ust d ise a se s of the lungs (p n eu m o co n io ses) 3. R e sp ira to ry co n d itio n s due to toxic ag en ts 4. P oisoning (s y ste m ic e ffe c ts of to x ic m a te ria ls ) 5. D iso rd ers due to p h y sical agents (o th e r than toxic m a te ria ls ) 6. D iso rd ers due to rep eated trau m a 7. A ll o th er o ccu p atio n al illn e s s e s Total -- occupational illn e sse s ( 1-7) (c ) T otal -- O ccupational In ju ries and Illn esse s 1l 1 i i\ f _____________))--------------- --! ! ( E xhibit II R e p o r t to the A m erican N ational S tandards Institute fro m the Study G roup on a N ational System for U niform R ecording and R eporting of O ccupational In ju ries and Illn esses This re p o rt re c o rd s the beginning and w ork of the study group, the assum ptions under w hich it o p erated , and the p rin cip al m a tte rs it c o n sid e re d . Study G roup C harge S e c re ta ry of L ab o r J. D. H odgson {then U nder S e c re ta ry ) noted, in a le tte r to the A m erican N ational S tandards Institute in D ecem ber 1969, th at the proposed O ccupational Safety and H ealth A ct included a proposed n atio n al sy stem fo r the co llectio n of occupational accident and health s ta tis tic s . He e x p re ssed co n cern over the ap p ro p ria te n ess and appli cab ility of ANSI S tandard Z16. 1-1967, M ethods of R ecording and M easu rin g W ork In ju ry E x p erien ce, fo r the b ro ad u n iv erse of em ployees su b ject to the ju risd ic tio n of the A ct p a rtic u la rly w ith re fe re n c e to the c o m p le x ity of Zl>6. 1 and its tr e a tm e n t of h e a lth q u e s tio n s . M r. H o d g so n re q u e ste d th a t ANSI initiate' a rev iew and ev alu atio n of the effectivenes-s and application of Z16. 1 as the national stan d ard for in ju ry s ta tistic s c o lle c tio n . An inform al conference of inju ry sta tistic s ex p erts m et at ANSI h e a d q u a rte rs on Jan u a ry 5, 1970, to rev iew the q u estio n . The co n ferees ag reed th at th e re w as su b stan ce to M r. Hodgson* s co n cern and proposed th at a study group be fo rm ed w ith the follow ing ch arg e: Review available re p o rtin g m ethods and stan d ard s of rep o rtin g in ju ries on a nationw ide b a sis and if n e c e ssa ry develop a sim p le m ethod of re p o rtin g in ju r ie s . This sh a ll be in the fo rm of reco m m en d atio n s to the S tan d ard s In stitu te . The co n fe ree s b a se d th e ir p ro p o sa l on c o n sid e ra tio n s including the follow ing: Z16. 1 has grow n com plex th ro u g h e ffo rts to m ake it equitable in varying c irc u m sta n c e s, but the com plexity has led to inequity fo r sm all re p o rte rs who do not know the full stan d a rd . It is now too com plicated fo r a m andatory national rep o rtin g sy stem . - 2- F o r e sta b lish m e n ts and com panies w ith good safety re c o rd s , Z 16.1 does not re fle c t tre n d s in in ju ry ex p erien ce adequately. Z 16. 1 is not ad eq u ate fo r the re c o rd in g of h e a lth e x p e rie n c e , e . g.., noise and occupational illn e sse s. The co n ferees a lso found th at the Z16. 1 S tandard could not be se p a ra te d f r o m i t s u s e , ' a n d p r o p o s e d r e v ie w o f Xe P o r t i n g s y s t e m s a n d t h e i r sam p les, the d etail in w hich s ta tistic s are re q u ired , and n atu re of re p o rts in a national sy stem . P re sid e n t F ra n c is L . LaQue of ANSI accep ted the re p o rt of the co n ferees and appointed a study group to m ake a re p o rt to the In stitu te in 90 d ay s. R eview of P ro b lem The study group held fu ll-d ay m eetin g s on Jan u a ry 16, F e b ru a ry 3 and 17, M a rc h 9 and 23, A p ril 6, 7 and 23 and Ju ly 28. C o n su lta n ts, p a r tic u la rly in the field of o ccu p atio n al illn e s s , w ere in v ited to sit w ith the group and provided a co n sid erab le am ount of useful in fo rm atio n and advice. M em bers of the ANSI staff p a rtic ip a ted in the w ork and provided b rie f m in u tes of the m eetin g s. A lthough the study group gave b rie f atten tio n to w orkm en* s com pensation s ta tis tic s , d isab ility s ta tistic s of the Social S ecu rity A d m in istratio n , and c u rre n t planning by the B ureau of M ines, it w as a g reed th at the sy ste m to be co n sid ered m u st be m o re like the c u rre n t estab lish m en t s ta tis tic s sy stem s of the B ureau of L ab o r S ta tistic s and the N ational S afety C ouncil. C u rre n t BLS and NSC s ta tis tic s w ere found to su ffe r fro m the pro b lem s of ANSI Z16. 1 noted by the e a r lie r co n feren ce, fro m inadequate sam p les, and fro m not reflectin g experience by size of esta b lish m e n t. The study group re co m m en d s th at e v e ry em p lo y e r c o v ered by the A ct be re q u ire d to keep a re c o rd of each re p o rta b le o ccupational in ju ry and illn e ss (including fa ta lity ), and th at he be re q u ire d to com pile an a n n u a l s u m m a r y of th e in d iv id u a l r e c o r d s a n d p o s t i t b y F e b r u a r y 15 of the follow ing y e a r w ithin the esta b lish m e n t in a m an n er accessib le to the em p lo y ees. Not all the e m p lo y e rs should be re q u ire d to provide re p o rts to the F e d e ra l G overnm ent, p erh ap s BLS, fo r s ta tis tic a l p u rp o se s, how ever, a w ell-d esig n ed sam p le w ould provide sounder s ta tis tic s th an a co m p lete e n u m e ra tio n of c o v ered e m p lo y e rs. Subject to tech n ical review by sam pling sta tistic ia n s , the study group e stim ate s th a t an ev en tu al sam p le of about 1 m illio n re p o rts would provide adequate national and State sta tistic s by in d u stry and size c la ss. - 3- S ystem C oncepts B e a rin g in m in d the p o in ts on w hich the 2,16. 1 S ta n d a rd w as c r itic iz e d , the study group se t ab o u t.d ev isin g a sy ste m th a t w ould be sim p le, se n sitiv e , and m eaningful; w ould re fle c t o ccu p atio n al d ise a se ex p erien c e ; and w ould be u sab le in a v e ry la rg e -s c a le su rv e y . The ite m s to be re p o rte d w ere defined and redefined se v e ra l tim es in attem pts to com e c lo se r to this ideal. The sy ste m a ssu m e s th a t e ac h e sta b lish m e n t w ill m a in ta in re c o rd s of re p o rta b le in ju ries and illn e ss and w ill m ake and post an annual sum m a ry . A sam ple of estab lish m en ts w ill m ake annual re p o rts including data fro m the su m m ary w ith location, em ploym ent, m a n -h o u rs, and activ ity data re q u ire d fo r the s ta tis tic s . It is envisaged, how ever, th at som e estab lish m en ts w ill be re q u ire d to provide v ariatio n s of this re p o rt, on a m o re freq u en t b asis o r including additional data, to m eet in fo rm atio n req u irem en ts for a d m in istra tio n of the leg islatio n . The stu d y 'g ro u p b e lie v e s th a t re p o rts should be held in confidence w ithin the a re a of a d m in istra tio n of the le g islatio n . A statem en t m ight be m ade th a t "Individual esta b lish m e n t re p o rts w ill not be m ade public and no sta tistic s w ill be published in a way that p erm its identificatio n of an individual e stab lish m en t o r deducation of its re p o rts , fhe re p o rts a re to be av ailable fo r s ta tis tic a l co m p ilatio n , fo r the d ire c tio n of -- in sp ectio n and consultation s e rv ic e s, and fo r ad m in istra tio n of the A ct. " The stu d y g ro u p fe lt th a t th e s y s te m sh ould p ro v id e in s o fa r as p o s s ib le a sen sitiv e m e a s u re . Counting co m p arativ ely num ero u s m in o r in cid en ts gives a m o re sen sitiv e m e a su re . C ounting co m p arativ ely ra re m a jo r incidents gives a le ss sen sitiv e m e a su re . U nfortunately, it is not p ra c tic a l to count e v ery accid en t and so the m o st sen sitiv e m e a su re cannot be u sed . The c ru c ia l ta sk of the study group w as to choose a m e a s u re w hich on the one hand w ould be se n sitiv e and on the o th er p ra c tica l for a large num ber of em p lo y ers. Such a m easu re m u st be defined in te rm s of the ex ten t of the in ju ry of illn e s s. Then all in ju rie s o r illn e s s e s of th at o r g re a te r ex ten t would be " re p o rta b le , " a te rm the study group adopted. The g ro u p a g re e d th a t tra d itio n a l freq u e n cy and s e v e rity ra te s e x p re ss e d in te rm s of m illio n s of m a n -h o u rs w orked a re a b s tra c t concepts not re a d ily un d ersto o d by m an ag em en t and o th e rs concerned w ith the p ro tectio n of w o rk e rs. C onsequently, the study group decided th a t a m o re m ean in g fu l m e a s u re of ra te s w ould be " in ju rie s p e r 100 em p lo y e es p er y ear" ra th e r than per m illio n m an -h o u rs w orked. These ra te s should be in te rm s of 100 fu ll-tim e e m p lo y e e s. ** 4 ^ The sy stem w as sim p lified by elim inating, the tra d itio n a l exceptions and exem ptions of Z16. 1 and by reducing the num ber of decisions that have to be m ade by those re q u ire d to keep re c o rd s . F o r exam ple, in stru ctio n s fo r use of this sy stem a re contained on 4 ty p ew ritten . p a g e s c o m p a r e d to th e ZO p r in t e d p a g e s of Z l o , 1. R ates S ta tis tic s fro m the sy ste m p ro p o sed w ould include som e e stim a te d n u m b ers, as the n um ber of fa ta litie s o r the num ber of rep o rtab le in ju ries or illn e sse s. F o r com parison purposes, how ever, experience m u st be re fle c te d by ra te s . The study group reco m m en d s th at the p rim a ry base of such ra te s be the n u m b ers of m a n -h o u rs at ris k , and th at they be e x p re sse d in te rm s of a base of 100 fu ll-tim e em p lo y ees. M easu rem en ts of the se v e rity of in ju ry and illn e ss th at apply a rb itra ry n u m b ers of days fo r d eaths and p e rm an en t im p a irm e n ts a re fe lt to be too com plex and o b scu re fo r g e n e ra l co m p reh en sio n and thus the recom m ended sy stem does not include a b ritra ry c h arg es. The re co m m en d atio n of the study g roup p ro v id es fo r a count of w ork days lo st, but does not provide an a ll-o v e r sev e rity m e a su re . It is felt that, for p u rp o ses of p rev en tio n of fu tu re lo sse s, the random or accid en tal facto rs affecting-the extent of d isab ility are of little im portance as co m p ared to the o c c u rre n c e of an o ccu p atio n al in ju ry or illn e s s . T erm s The Study G roup defined the follow ing te rm s to be p a rt of the re p o rtin g system . R ep o rtab le O ccupational In ju ries and Illn e sse s a re defined in te rm s of the extent of the in ju ry . T hree c la sse s w ere defined: F a ta litie s a re in clu d ed , as they a re in a ll m e a s u re s . L o st Tim e C ases are defined in a v a r i a n t o f a d e f in itio n u s e d f o r o v e r uO y e a r s , th e in a b ility o f th e em ployee to p e rfo rm h is n o rm a l a ssig n m en t during a day or shift a fte r txe day of in ju ry . T w o-V isit P h y sician T rea tm e n t C ases are d efin ed as th o se in w hich th e re is n e ith e r d eath n o r lo s t tim e , but two o r m o re v isits to a p h y sician a re re q u ire d . These m e a su re s of extent a r e e q u a lly a p p lic a b le to in ju r ie s arid illn e s s e s . To d istin g u ish betw een the tra d itio n a l te rm s of " a c c id e n ta l in ju ry " and flo c c u p a tio n a l d i s e a s e , " th e s tu d y g r o u p s o u g h t a n u n d e r s ta n d a b le t i t l e for each class. R eplacing accid en tal in ju ry the group chose O ccupational Injury defined as those w hich a ris e fro m w ork accid en ts. The te rm occupational i l l n e s s e s w a s u s e d a s b r o a d e r th a n '' d i s e a s e . " " O c c u p a tio n a l i n j u r y " w as defined v ery b riefly , but "occupational illn e ss" is defined at length, divided into sev en c a te g o rie s , and illu s tra te d by ex am p les fo r e a c h of the c a te g o rie s. T hese m e a su re s a re intended to en co u rag e u n ifo rm and com plete rep o rtin g in spite of varying inclusions in w orkm en1a com pen sa tio n law s and the lack of a g e n e ra l co n sc io u sn ess of the v a rie ty of occupational illn e sse s. The com bined class of occupational in ju rie s and illn e sse s is defined v ery sim ply as "any d isab ility or p erm anent im p airm en t to an em ployee w hich re s u lts fro m any ex p o su re in the w ork en v iro n m en t" and m eets the ex ten t c r ite r ia m e n tio n ed above. The study group reco m m en d s stro n g ly ag ain st specific exceptions and exem ptions such as those in Z16. 1, w hich a re re g a rd e d as a s e rio u s fa u lt of th a t S tan d ard . The co n feren ce th at p ro p o sed tne study group m ade re fe re n c e to noise and h earin g as w ell as occupational d ise a se un d er the g en eral heading of h ealth . It is the finding of the study group th a t not a ll occupational n o ise-in d u ced b earin g lo ss p ro b len is a re su scep tib le to m e asu re m e n t b y 'the re c o rd in g th e re p o rtin g s y s te m p ro p o s e d . O th e r te ch n iq u es m ay'be re q u ire d to identify p ro b lem s in tin s a re a . E sta b lish m en ts to be C overed by R eporting System The n u m b er of em p lo y ers who w ill be su b ject to the le g isla tio n w hen en acted w as not known. The num ber of fa rm s and n o n a g ric u ltu ra l e sta b lish m e n ts is e stim a te d to be ^ m illio n , but th is n u m b er in clu d es " an u n determ ined n um ber of re ta il and se rv ic e e stab lish m en ts counted on the b asis of one p er county. T here a re advantages to having se p a ra te re c o rd s m ain tain ed fo r such e sta b lish m e n ts ra th e r than having county-w ide re c o rd s . The nu m b er w ould be c o n sid e ra b ly red u ced fo r su rv e y p u rp o ses if the le g islatio n o r reg u latio n s exem pted fro m re p o rt- ing o r re c o rd -k e ep in g e sta b lish m e n ts w ;tn sm all num ber of em p lo y ees. The b a sic u n it fo r w hich it is p ro p o sed th a t re c o rd s be m ain tain ed and re p o rts m ade is tne "esta b lish m en t" as defined in the S tandard In d u s tr ia l C la ssific a tio n of the O ffice of M anagem ent and B udget. B riefly, it is an econom ic unit w hich p ro d u ces goods or s e rv ic e s . G enerally, it is at a single p h y sica l lo catio n and is engaged in only one, or p re dom inantly one, type of econom ic activ ity for w nich an in d u stry code is applicable. S eparate econom ic activ ities at a single location are reg ard ed as separate establishm ents when such activities are not o rdinarily a sso ciated in a single lo catio n , the SIC does not have an in d u stry d e sc rip tio n fo r such com binations, the em ploym ent in each activ ity is sig n ifican t, and re p o rts can be p re p a red on e stab lish m en t type data. - o^ Study G roup on a N ational System for U niform R ecording and R eporting of O ccupational In ju ries and Illn ess M em bers M aurice F . .iresn ah an , C hairm an E ureau of Labor S tatistics A lte rn a te: Lyle R . Schauer D avid C urley A etna Life and C asualty Com pany G eorge C, u u en tn er B ureau of L abor S tandards l A lte rn a te : G eorge J. Y atsko H. Gene Iv_iller N ational Safety C ouncil A lte rn a te : Sidney D. Sm ith P au l L. M ichael P ennsylvania State U niversity G eorge H. R. T aylor A FL-C IC John G. Thodis M ichigan D epartm ent of L abor Jam es F , Van Nam ee Y /estinghouse E le c tric C orporation F o r the A m e ric a n N ational S tan d ard s In stitu te K e n ry G. L a m b G eorge Y . 3ow en C onsultants B u reau of O ccupational Safety and H ealth, HEW M arcus M, Key, ML V ictoria frask o E dw ard F. Seagle V ernon Rose Social S ecurity A d m inistration Law rence L. H aber