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Uncontrolled reverberations transform sound into noise, disrupting effective communication. Acoustone Space Units permit precision sounc control, while adding decorative accents to room interiors.
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One foot square and two inches thick, Acoustone Space Units absorb up to three times as much rellected sound energy as one square loot of high-efficiency acoustical tile conventionally applied with adhesive.
Beautifully effective, unusually flexible in use . . . this third dimension in sound control works when no other method will. When mounted on ceiling or wall, all six Space Unit surfaces absorb unwanted noise. Space Units can serve as primary acoustical treatment, or as economical supplements in areas where it is impractical or unnecessary to install acous tical material throughout the room. Thus, the addition of this third dimension in sound con trol adds a new dimension to the architect's ability to solve complex acoustical--and inci dentally decorating--problems.
For the comfort of quiet . . . consider an example of the exceptional effi ciency of Acoustone Space Units:
Smooth plaster walls have a sound absorp tion coefficient of only .04. Acoustone tile, adhesively applied, rates .63 at 500 cps. Acoustone Finesse Space Units, in 32-in. patch arrangements, have a coefficient of 1.85 --over twice the efficiency. And at 250 cps, that figure is .93 vs. .27 for conventional tile application--over three times ihe.efficiency.
Where intelligibility is critical . . . Acoustone Space Units permit precisely metered control of reverberation, better under standing of speech tor optimum communica tion. Units can be used alone or in combination with other acoustical treatments.
As an example ... if continuous room noise is reduced by one-third, the speaker need ex pend only one-lourth the vocal effort (energy) to be heard at the same loudness by his audience. Or, he can move back twice the distance. Similar statistics apply to intercom, public address, or other telephonic systems in use. Additionally, precise control of reverbera
tion to build in optimum room characteristics will provide most efficient audio-ulilization of that room.
When developing a new design . . . Acoustone Space Units permit almost unlim ited design flexibility. Units are available in three distinctive patterns, .each in effect a 12inch module tnat invites your ingenuity to add texture and pattern to a wall. They show dec orator distinctiveness, without demanding a premium price.
When remodeling . . . Acoustone Space Units give both freedom and function. They work efficiently where most ordinary acoustical treatments won't. They offer stunningly attractive interiors that few viewers would realize are working walls of acoustical treatment.
When correcting troublesome areas . . . Acoustone Space Units let you add precisely measured sound control, exactly where re* ouired. You can provide efficient, effective supplementary sound control easily, economi cally, attractively.
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Beauty that blends with any decor Attractive, richly textured surlaces complement any interior. The three standard surfaces olfered are carefully selected to oe most compatible with a broad range of interior designs. Custom designs, available on special order, can feature a company trademark or other symbol. The highly lightrellectant. neutral white finish may be redecorated to suit individual needs. Dirt resistant . . . easy to maintain Wnile highly resistant to soiling. Acoustone Space Units may be easily cleaned with convenlional methods. Ouick remc.ability ol Units simplifies cleaning of rear surfaces. Optional "PC" plastic coating greatly improves washability--an ideal choice lor high-soiling interiors. Fire resistant Class A Incombustible Acoustone Space Units are of mineral fiber composition, and employ metal mounting hardware. For fire and sound ratings of Acoustone Tile, see U.S.G. Technical Folders b-1559 and f-1922. Choose from three surface
finesse. .. Classically beautiful and subdued . . . created ov subtie fissures within tne finely lextured natural surface STRiiTEO... A nandsome bas relief pattern, per manently etched into the surface by an exclusive U.S.G. process 0lacier ... Boid. rich texturing created by deep, heavy fissures on tne natural, unplaned surface 4
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Exceptions! \'crsutility of Installation
Acoustone Space Units are not abutted, hence simplify application to surface shapes that would make conventional treatment difficult.
FROM WALL
Spin-on Clip Most insiallanons will use the standard wall clip. It should be located not closer than 16 in, o.c., or 5 in. from any obstruction, to allow free rotation of the unit during instal lation.
Secure clip to wall using two suitable fasteners To attach Space Unit, position the pre-cut hole on the u:..t s back to encage tne machine screw factory-attached to the clip. Turn the unit clockwise until secure. Do not over tighten, as this could strip the nut within the Space Unit.
Snap-on Clip Specify use ol this supplementary fastener where Space Units must be spaced closer than 16 in. o.c.. or less than 9 in. from obstructions (noting that a 12x12 - in. Unit cannot be mounted closer than about 13" o.c.). Typical installa tions are concrete waffle slab, intersecting walls or ceilings, columns, or pilasters.
Secure the standard wall clip to the wall with two fasten ers. Attach supplementary Snap-on Clip to Space Unit with a 1 '/a -in. USG Brand Type G Bugle Head Screw; or 10-24 machine screw.
Finally, press the two clips together, by first engaging the Snap-on Clio's upper lip and then the lower.
Although Space Units are not recomnenoefi for use where they are suoiectec to oumpinc or impact, tney can De maoe more rigiO by
Shimmy;.
FROM CEILING
Pendent-style mounting Acoustone Space Units may be suspended from all con ventional ceilings using a a/e-in. rod threaded at both ends (with 10-24 thread at Unit). Plaster, wallboard or ether ceiling panels should be drilled io accept the rod and a standard toggle. Add "Fastex" nylon snap-on caps as shown. Tne Space Unit is added by spinning it onto the hanging rod. In masonry, a Ramset drive-in stud (10-24 internally threaded, No. 2525 and 2527) must be installed io accept the threaded rod.
Adhesive mounting Acoustone Space Units may be conventionally applied using regular acoustical tile adhesives, although some reduction in the Unit's sound-absorbing efficiency may result. To each unit, apply four 1 -in. daubs of: (1) Acousti-Gum (Templar, Inc., South River, N.J.). or (2) Acousti-Bond (A. F. Bogart Co., Philaoelohia. Pa.), or (3) Pence Super Shur Stick (McGuffie Co., Cleveland. 0.). All recommendations and product limitations set forth by the specific adhesive's manufacturer must be observed.
Acoustone Space Units may be installed on ceiling or wall. Their inherent water resis tance permits installation in many areas, including swimming pools, where great vari ations in humidity and temperature might otherwise cause problems..
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/ f (' V4' rbf'f'd / i O // is one of the most important
aspects ol acoustics that may be applied to architecture. Reverberation is the perpetuation of sound within a space after the source has ceased, such as an echo. Reverbera tion time is the time required for sound to die down to one millionth of its original value alter the source has ceased.
Reverberation time relates directly to room noise and its effect on communications. If sound persists over a long period, speech becomes impossible; music blurs and lacks clear definition: distracting noises are prolonged. Rooms with reverberation times of more than 2 seconds are con sidered "live" or excessively reverberant and communica tion is dillicult because reliecied syllables overlap those iravellinc directly to the listener. When sound decays too rapidly--below .6 seconds--the room is considered "dead".
Studies on speech intelligibility and acceptability of per formed music reveal that average reverberafion times gen erally fall within the following ranges:
SPEECH Small offices-- Classrooms-- Work rooms-- Lecture rooms--
.50 to .75 seconds .75 to 1.0 seconds 1.0 to 2.0 seconds .75 to 1.0 seconds
MUSIC Chamber music-- Orchestral, choral, average church music-- Large organ, liturgical choir-- Rehearsal rooms--
1.0 to 1.5 seconds
1.5 to 2.0 seconds 2 seconds and higher
.80 to 1.0 seconds
The reverberation time depends on the room volume and the 'otal absorption ol wall, floor and ceiling surfaces, fur nishings, and occupancy. The reverberation time for any room can be found by using the following formula:
T _ 0-05V c
where T = reverberation time in seconds
V = volume o' room in cubic test
a = room absorption in sabins
(One sabin is the equivalent of one square foot
of material having an absorption coefficient of
1.00.)
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Loudness Reduction
The amount of reflected sound energy reduction provided with Acoustone Space Units is inversely proportional to the ratio of absorption, ajta,. between the treated and untreated room. If. as shown in the example below, 800 sabins of absorption were added to an untreated room having 400 sabins of absorption, the reflected sound energy would be in the ratio of 400:1200; reduced to one-third the untreated level.
The human ear does not judge reduction in loudness as a direct proportion to the reouction in sound energy level. The graph below shows the relationship of the absorption ratio to fhe percent loudness reduction apparent to the ear.
Nc.e '.ra; a 2.1 acscrncn ratio e'fects a 2C:!'o resection in
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General Building Materials and Furnishings
Coefficients (sabins per sq. ft. except as noted)
125 cps 250 cps 500 cps 1000 cps 2000 ccs 4000 cps
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Brick, unglazed
.03 .03 .03
.05 .
.07
Brick, unglazed. painted
.01 .01 .02 .02 .02 .03
Carpet, heavy, on concrete Same, on 40 oz. hairfelt or foam rubber
.02 .06 .14 .37 .60 .65
.08 .24 .57 .69 .71
.73
Same with impermeable latex backing on
40 oz. hairfelt or foam rubber
.08 .27 .39 .34 .48 .63
Concrete Block, coarse
.36 .44 .31
.29 .39
.25
Concrete Block, painted
.10 .05 .06 .07 .09 .08
Fabrics
Light velour. 10 oz. per sq. yd., hung straight.
in contact with wall
.03 .04 .11
.17 .24 .35
Medium velour. 14 oz. per sq. yd..
draped to half area
.07 .31 .49 .75 .70 .60
Heavy velour. 18 oz. per sq. yd.,
draped to half area
.14 .35 .55 .72
.65
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Floors Concrete or terrazzo Linoleum, asphalt, rubber or cork tile on concrete Wood Wood parquet in asphalt on concrete
.01
.01
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .15 .11 .10 .07 .06 .07 .04 .04 .07 .06 .06 .07
Glass Large panes of heavy plate glass Ordinary window glass
.18 .06 .04 .03 .02 .02 .35 .25 .18 .12 .07 .04
Gypsum Board Vi" nailed to 2 x 4's 16" o.c.
Marble or Glazed Tile
.29 .10 .05 .04 .07 .09 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02
Openings Staae. depenoina on furnishincs Deep balcony, uoholstered sea'ts Grills, ventilating
.25- .75 .50-- 1.00 .15- .50
Plaster, gypsum or lime, smooth finish on tile or brick
.013
.015
.02
.03
.04
.05
Plaster, gypsum or lime, rough finish on lath
.02
.03
.04
.05
.04
.03
Same, with smooth finish
.02 .02 .03 .04 .04 .03
Plywood Paneling, %" thick
.28 .22 .17 .09 .10 .11
Water Surface, as in a swimming pool
.008
.008
.013
.015
.020
..025
Air, sabins per 1000 cubic feet @ 50% RH
.9 2.3 7.2
Audience, seated in upholstered seats
.60 .74 .88 .96 .93 .85
Unoccupied cloth-covered upholstered seats
.49
.66
.80
.88
.82
.70
Unoccupied leather-covered upholstered seats .44 .54 .60 .62 .58 .50
Wooden Pews, occupied
.57 .61 .75 .86 .91 .85 %
Chairs, metal or wood seats, each, occupied
.15
.19
.22
.39
.38
.30
Person, Adult, each
4.2
Adult seated, each
4.5
High school child, each
3.8
Grammar school child, each
2.8
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Reverberation Room
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Absorption of Acoustone Space Units {sabins per unit)
frequency (cps)
mounting pattern 125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
NRC
15" strip
Glacier
.29
.67 1 .65 t RC 1.77 1.56 1.55
Striated
.41
1.02
1.67
1.77
1.73
1.50 1.55
Finesse
.42
1.02
1.66
1.76
1.50
1.33
1.52
16" patch Glacier
.25
.74 1.71 1.92 1.79 1.59 1.54
Striated
.23
.99 1.65 1.79 1.73 1.53 1.54
Finesse
.36
1.06
1.71
1.79
1.64
1.33 1.55
24" paich Giacier
.2-
.74 1.75 2.13 2.01 1.71 1.66
Striated
.33
1.01
1.79
1.97
1 -4
1.59
1.63
nr.esse
.27
1.06
1.80
* .95
1.65
1 48
1.67
22" paten
Glacier
Striated Finesse
.22 .31 .22
.81 1.66 2.28 2.15 1.83 1.78 .52 *1.82 2.09 2.05 1.65 1.72 .53 1.85 2.13 1.95 1.54 1.72
:ie: One sacin is tne equivalent cl cne sauere loot o. m aterial navmc an absorption coefficient of 1.00. Tests were conducted in accordance witn ASTM C423. Threaced mounting clips were used.
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