Document 3N0p9w27oQZ1R45D4dXJnMXw6

Industrial lygiane Foundation (Initial & Forvard) r* . . / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 ran xmnst rinnuaaB a*), ml s Vol. s. FOUNDATION FACTS March. 1944 P*wft4tfn fictl It a mntAly aaw$.it*r :uutd t* ift4watrial J41n mffl6rAio m Jfttwatrtat Nyfiana Pa4atiai. Th rwnatf*n a a aan.araftt f I*4uk?Im t* a4vanamnt H haaltfrfwl warfcjftf aantfitlarta. No. 3. Annual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for the Jo practical <4ata on manpower aalntonasc* The subis*rb covered. in the publicat ^ * s Eighth Annual Keating, containing such ustry, was stalled to aeabers recently, into four sain groupst Industrial Halations Legal --- The a wb\iai BSCting circulation*. The ana bershi Into Disaoled Veteran Back to Woric*^ bfrfrifrEpblnt of the Flishad separately from the nHnegprags to expedite this panel discussion sm aiQtSLable upon request* or the most TeluaU&SbkrTices of foundation tnm- s should be exyjlffld^H^efully and routed to all s argaal28l ' Latest eMttiQne be Coapeny* Tan Cleef Bros.*'and Xi Pairfiald Air Service Santa & BZ. Social S$rg Scientific r*ac<*entetio f asbershlp list aret Aaettcan Optical tion of Jteexica* Has subscribers are: y Officer, ft. Mason, Cel.; Ministers rland Goterment Conlasion for t of Labor and Industry. ' Seen in^tii 'Kerch 11 fUPt -- ftX* ^ ' United Autonoblie Werners that kin union "was no bargain for sages y rd. announced the undos would containing health stand- 'workers*'*!* St te&d* "The. health of o shop is an la&edlate asd.lt Bust $e seVsnd solTed through coll dng* -- ^` ' '* ` Sacsaetfto,. CalifV'-- Yemen workers who re; et-procf airplane gaso- Use tanke atMather ftaWLepe equipped with oxygen a*sfc&/bd offi!cials say this imo- ration cuts in half* The patching by sbbII woman who craad through gj; hpaatug In the tan*,; fbaac&y they <mm out every four or firm. . ' **. " >gyeattcal ftooeduree __ vl T; - . " L lobe hO that disabled-veterans sight per- runaing* e-sschla* with one hand la his ^cfcet I 'T*>'AhaaguTEfcactaitve Secretary* latihnaX Industrial Saad Assooiatlon and Secretary of the IfcwBUtlaa*o Board oC Trustear^hss been, appointed, an Industry bar of`tho Kittens! lar I+horBbsrd^ >g*' '.-"ur/'-v - . iNOMmub wvet *ouNDanN" ..4 T-.JZ AVtMUt 8x '/). March, 1944, Vol. 71X1. ;*>, 3* Industrial Hygiene Pouadation, 4400 fifth Arenue, Pittsburgh* Pa. IHDU5TRIAL nm DIGEST $ 220 Alum! PeuSattabn secured Th^Kr&aac (K.T.) tlgatlons in this 'fiol .her companies Statement TfX-tl&m ?oua alwlntm therapy, the . 0. Gardner, Director, p* support Dr. Gardner1 s iaves- "X boliore that al definite possibilities as a preventive against s I 6^-that in experimental animals it will prevea and sis. I t all sure that^g^a tbff effect upon symptoms 'ha/other progression of silicoitic agent it invariably rwtigators have indi- I am interested in seeing aliwnah trqrawt used in as many different types of exposure as poasible 'j^^ded^tteW is sufficient control so that ita offsets may be scicntif&^^Y oralusted. I be- liere that ita greatest possibilities will be in treating men U wbo already hare early manifestations of sUicosis<|j^at they can continue their present work without danger of further ^p^resslon. I would not recommend its use by any Aployer who intends to rely upon al\sin\a as a preventive to the exclusion of recognised engin eering methods for the control of a silica dust hazard.* i Industrial Sygisne Digest - 2 221 Sti Accidents* Asserting that only one plant out of every eight has an adequate safety program, C.O. Cozzens, Vice President of the American Optical Company, announced that United States industry is currently losing or repairing 200,000 eyes a year at an annual cost of $50,000,000* He said these Industrial eye accidents are res ponsible for an annual loss of 8,000,000 man days. Emphasizing that eye acci dents can be prevented by ordinary safety precautions, he reported that 7256 of accidents occur on jobs regarded as ng$<-hazardous to eyes. -- Cham. fc Zng. Hews. January 25, 1944. 232 "T/af^flflnferonce"on Industrial MddSjftne. Hyglono and Nursing. The Sec^d ^ea^Cpnforence2^f\ inaustrial physicians, industrial bygient&ar^af^ industri^^urs'eriftUJ^M^la St. Louis, Mo*, Kay 8-14, at the HSjjrSkprfrfor son. T ganizations are (1) American Assoclati^rffrf^siustrlal Physiei al Conferen 2) Amtrican Industrial Rygiene Assoeiattw (3) Hationtal Industrial Hygienists, and U& l&inan Association of Xndustrl cal subjects to be presentpdj)selude welding, noise, b in ____ plants, maladjuetmes^^d joVlinviroaaent, woman ons on "Who Can VpK&g^Ihe industrial hygienists * le the he. in the synthetAaPrqpeor industry, radius, sol- 'toxicology o itles silica duet hazard from the inslve quartz cry* Jr sir sapling in specific refer- ease to the collection and of lead fumes, and hazards fr exposure to cadmium* es will consider postwar planning for nurses and medical servlc 225 Abaentaelai Reduced. Absenteeism has as<^m&n as )ln some war plants by various correc- tlve measures, R.C. ^Joodwinw >wer Commission Director for Ohio, Klchlg :ucicy. In sowg^aei .es made certain improvements and in ot rs served on a "Kangaroo In another case, absentae- ism was setting up facility ng gasoline, tires, shoes, med beauty treatments and bo1 at the plant* -- Steel, 1943* zee Reduce Absenteeism. 'One company awards merit certificates to "Regular li< that is, to employ ees who have not lost time during a pay period es! certificates for regular attendance for 3 months* After every pay jack-pot drawing is held for additional certificates, only the "Regular Yell merit certificates are exchangeable for prizes that The plan has bean vary successful. -- L*R. Rhodes, in artlcipating. The atalogued and displayed, sting, Ysb.,1944. 225 Hew Magazine* _ The British Medical Association announces the publication o^a British Journal of Industrial Medicine, a quarterly journal* -- Chemical Trades J., February, 4, 1944* ' 226 Hew Standards Croup to be Yozaed* Organization of an Allied Nations standards body was announed at the sliver anni versary meeting of the American Standards Association* The objective of the* new body will be tbstIm coordination of standards necessary for the war efforr~ud the isaedlate postwar period* A skeleton staff will have offices in London and in either Hew York or Washington* -- Seat* * Vent*, February, 1944* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 Legal Develojments 22? Scratches on Sands Received la Course of tenlomeat as Portal of Entry for Tetanus Bacilli. Although there was ao witness wi saw he decedent sustain the accidental iajur- les to his hands* the facts that s days prior to his Illness as well as late* the employe# showed varip*$Lac ches on his to his aothor, his sever* jloye lad stated that he had received than on icttfry where he worked* and avaa in his Stated that he resolved the scratches /^tvtip^Tac- fa< 'anployer did sot show by say cnden$s0a^ihe in- lewhsre* there was evidence to substwti^^k finding to the subsequent tetanus and dggtmwosa out of tha ion iture Co.__v. Butlar* Arkansas ptaatina Ct No.4-7218. Jci 228 .on of Tub' )urt affinas held that the sta, hemorrhage in aa emplt seat or active state* compensable injury since ordinary or extraordinary Murphy Varnish Co. ft 1943. January 27* tion by Hea Lftd _ Supreme Court where it Ins which precipitated a lung from tuberculoeis in either a irsonetltute aa laduetrlal accident aad .dent to the labor performed* whether ^compensable accident* and Appeale* No* 26, October Ton, :e)< 229 CTmfMrtaT Sy1 re Not Shown tffca.ua An pioyoe?3gm^dd that a chenical^eo alcohol* ether and di nitrotoj^jn^ms splashed into his ' his employment and a weak to tea days ths eme blurred and continu- ?w progressively worse until vlsion in that eye. A rsls of cataraet was Bade with a ialims concurring, but >ne was able to state that there was single contact with "such a chanical causing a cataract aa tawa to be in good general physical condition* It was not known if been a previous chronic oya disease* and the feet that there was never or irritation of the eye indicates ths probability of a secondary change chronic uveitis* All the evidence pointing to a pre-existing chronic eye di the failure to eatab lish any caneel relation between tha incident of the le the eye with the cataract* the. loss of vision cannot be said to be a t thereof. Carter v. Hercules Powder Co* Virginia Supra Ct* of Appeals 794* January 24, 19441 (CCH) * _ 230 Causal Provocative Carnation Between Seat Prostration aad Daath* On June 19* 1941* the employee was ovsrooae by heat and ooka fumes in the course of his employment and was tapororlly disabled for about three weeks when ho re turned to work* Os July 23* 1941 he quit work on account of sa alleged illness and disability* never again being ployed. Bis died on April 23* 1942 as the result of a valvular cardiac lesion* Prior to the incident of the heat prostra tion* ths employee had bean treated by the same physician who attended him after the exposure to heat aad coke fuses and continued to attend Urn up to the tine Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 4 of his death* This physician testified that pAor to the incident of prostra tion, the ployeers lungs and heart were in good condition and thereafter the lungs and bronchial tubes were Irritated and congested causing a strain upon de cedent's heart* Since the evidence oust be viewed In the light most favorable to claimant and since there is evidence to support the Anding of causal provoc ative connection, an award of compensation oust bo affined* Combustion Engineer lag Co, Inc, v* Whatley* Tennessee Supremo Ct* February 5, 1944. (CCH). 231 Aggravation of ?TC-e3lstlng Tubcrc a by Exposure to Inorganic Dust* Where an employee became disabl Ana or tan years employment with >r because of an active Sy tuberculosis, and the repoA of t) heveAheless it seems probable that he has inhaled inorganic dusts vj " have and of such an irritant nature s ea aiclting^^nti^#&pSauje in the extent of his present luwT&Mrculosis, " there was "j^ftrf^Swidence to And causal relation sin e\it^^frequently bean held tM^ahsfpi^Sa ^of expeAs, that a relation p EaMy^cxiats between tuo there is such a relatioggj&p* Duggan* s- Case. Maasac^l^s^'fvip^Wo fS&i&hX Ct*, Suffolk. J 1944. (CCH). 232 _ !dty Due to Tti follolowwiinng PPoom<fr6ffCcaiie' ciflation. Although there is w frcdkcal te to whether or not the poor veatilation in the s was heavily laden with starch 4rom the fnbAcs used, was t vating cause of the employee's dis- abling pulmonary tuberc verdict awarding the employee 42,000 damages must be afAxmed, nd evidence to suppoA that Anding by the jury, February 9, 1940, show that the employee developed before that date and the em- ployeo failed to brfS tstll February 15, 1941, the action la not ^na? the one yc limitations, since in cases where there/Ja\<^ofttinuous toA, s failing in this instance to proTl^e prcaerexhaust fans, the tatione does not begin to run ustilj^K^^hs bf disability, which, !7> 1940. The Goodall Co*^!fr\siAltt* tf.S. Circuit Ct. of Appe .t. ilos. 9431-9432. 15, 1944* (CCH). 233 RepoA of the Boreau of IndustAal Hvtdene (State of Connecticut) A.3. Owy, Director. 57th RepoA of the Connecticut State Departtent 6? SHeeaallth, ?p. 285- 320. (1942). This routine rcpoA testiAee to increasing activity in the amter of field tAps, plants visited, laboratory determinations, etc., and vaAety of sub-acts investigated, which include extensive studies of paAicular hazards present by benzene, lead, fluoAdes, lacqueAng solvents, electrolytic alkali cleaning, electroplating and degreasing, with a number of other hazards encountered on a smaller scale* The number of surveys of IndustAal conditions was 923, and 182 studies of speciflo hazards were conducted* Publicity features Included 25 radio talks* The work la the vaAous fields is tabulatod* Industrial Hygiene Digest - $ 234 Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of gnetaries for the Tear 1942% Ministry of Labor and National Service. Factory Dept. Cod* 6471, 1943* London: H.M. Stationery Office* Aq increase of 66 per cent over the 1941 figure in the number of accidents to women is due In part to the larger number employed in dangerous and heavy indue* tries* Fencing of machinery and wearing of properly designed caps and other clothing are strongly advised for women. A safety committee, with representatives of management and workers and one or mpro trained safoty officers should function in every factory of considerable Industrial lighting has been much im proved^, with many Installations gf^Elu^fescent tubular lighting. Ventilation stiljCwor in sort* factories durik8he hours of blackouts* Public oplnlon< more Ivor of and welfare departments in all work; size, bn in dermatitis dua to TOT, tetryl, fiAi&jid'of mercury may be credited to the use of recomgCp^dJ^recau- tions. Of sicksess and aniline poisoning casag&SsS&howed a de- clino. To: notifiable. Of 14 casea notif^,y3Snire associated with SHT ,_olvents containing low projwrluSrjplOT benzene. Free- tical me eom^tt/fhe enhancod risk of MlLuiiiSfn steel foundries are bel EUK There has tendency to reducgsj&reMy hours of work for all InduatriaX/sljiteo^62>jo aultiplied^g^ftlj^in factories and on docks ding sites. ^ 235 Absented; and J.7* Scott* Publication Uo.*29 of the Graduato School o: stratioa, George 7. Barker, Harvard University, Boston* Dec . Price 91*00. * The authors made a syst enteola at three similar plants In the same city, largely acting department of each plant be- cause the abeenteo their records each absence was counted, rc d and by a comparison under similar condimfb(k*>^f5e effect of m cosBonly considered was minimized* |fvuta showed that the substantial percentage of enP^^^E^l(3fiive one or no absences iwn la the plant employees In the casting shops of the percentages with low records was lower over the p 1942 to March 1, 1943. itions were probably due to changes and other working con- ftlons caused by government regulations work* However, in thu plant designated C the absenteeism seti nsonable figure after those disturbances* while 1a plant A it coatin' ng to the end of the study, plant B occupying an intermediate position authors traced this var- lation to differences in labor policy. In plant A dual piece work was the basis of wages; in C the payment was on the basis of work done by all shifts over a 24-hour period; in C the fomuoen rotated s la such a way that they were in oontact with all groups of worteea, and wo ^ eved of enough rea ponsibility on mechanical work so that they could keep aft ct rocords and talk with the men about- absence problmu sad complaints, general, intelligent consideration of the amorous problems by ths managment was ths greatest factor in reducing absenteeia* The authors boliove that in most discussions of abaca- teelsm the attitude of managesient is sot given sufficient consideration* Industrial Sygiene Digest - 6 Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 236 Sewer Gas - Hazards la Sewage Plants, C.S. McKinley. lad. Med., 12, 304 (December, 1943). Hazards associated with this gas are: ) poisonous gases, (2) Inflammable gas- may cause explosion, and (3 ciency of oxygen* Attention is called sard of underground pump often found In sewage disposal Methods j&spreventisg^fat les in pumping pits are sunaarlzed. 237 Testing se-Diest the DleselYJ^iesa!" (1942). (Oof By choosing a' condensation with the mono: tc. Licuid Gas and the Carbon Monoxide Process. Temes. Oluckauf. kjition of the mixture, adjustae: less of air, >tto, Diesel and Diesol g in particular possible to countgsri he dangsr of carbon 238 The author, a welding o medical language. The &S 29. 48 , 49 (fobruary>1944). g fiaes in aon*technical and non jes1 a* toes are those from: (1) galvan- lzed iron; (2> stainless a (3) burning of lead*based paints; and (4) aluminum welding operatl fumes in the galvanizing of iron, the hazard is metal fume fewer, collect in the lungs, as many welders bellewe, but xved, Milk, wamth and avoidance of carbonated bevoragas^ei^ldvoc tion of fume fewer. The injur* ious fumes oncountgfdkap working wit teal electrodes end welding slumintm are ttotf&^&rTuorins conpoua entals of prewention by ax* haust systoma^gj jffneusaed Tory briefi'3^/ of the Composition of Are.r^W| ^ Taran. Lavodskcya >787 (1940) (Russian). >poses a method for taking samples of ses for analysis, tractor pipes are used as electrodes. One s of the pipe is leaned carefully, welded and cowered with the cos' Investigation. The open end of the pipe is conanected by means of a tubing to a pipet and a vacuum system. The whole syntax is washed with the arp^ga* by means of a vacuum pump, tho welding process started and ths gas passed. pipet by means of 3 hydrostatic mercury pusp. Approximately 200*300 cc. of Mbt* obtained from one electrode. Analyses are glwaa of electric arc gas obi various coatings of ths electrodes. 240 Health Hazards from Arc Welding. Illinois Dept, of Labor, Industrial Hygiene Diw., Factory Inspection Div., 111. Labor Bull*. , 4-6,23 (August 31, 1943). Previous studios have shown that a great variety of poisonous, irritating or annoying dusts and gases may be found in welding fumes: nitrous toe, carbon monoxide, fluorides, silicates, zinc toe, lead toe, lime, cfcromto, manganese, iron o^de, etc. Greatest ignorance is in the field of welding rod coatings. There are at least three important factors in the work and the estlroBment: (L) ventilation, (2) volvne of work, and (3) position of the welder. The Illinois study investigated the significance pf dust counts from two angles: ths relation to hazardous gases and the relation to ventilating control. This study has shown that local exhaust ventilation is not only practical, but the only reliable method for controlling welding toe. The way in which this local exhaust must Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 be applied In various operations is discussed at length. In locations where ven tilation alone is inadequate* an efficient supplied air respirator is the solu tion. Because welding fume has been shown to contain a complex mixturo of haz ardous air contaminants, many of which give no warning of their presence, it is wise to control the fume at the source by positive means. Prevention is better than treatiaent or ccapoosation. 241 Health Hazards in Welding. Ontario Department of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene. Pamphlet, 8 pp. Ho dato.<^7 Thii^boolclet describes briefly JA~S^Ath hazards encountered in welding v%KWe procedures. The generafc^jkssificatioa of hazards is given and di tibtx^for loes^axhaust e#^eneral ventilation. For eye protection^ shsd^fyb^lcnSem^s for various types of work. 242 The Inf: ilosibilitr of Metal Powders. Nagy and H.R. au of Minos, Report of Invest. (Octo- bar, 1943) Dlv. of lafomation, D.S. B Mlncs, Washisg- ton. An crathg^re dy of lnflascabili, losibility of 14 metals am'raAloys in made in t oelon laboratory of the TEttoriaental Coal ectgj^$f the " The teats made usually included: (1) ml minima energy needed for igni- tlon of dispersions layers; (2) relative iaflamiability with two different so (3) minimal concentration required in a dispersion In air to pe: ) pressure and rate of pressure rise in small explosions oagrgen content of the air needed to prevent ignition; and atmosphere on the powders. Most of the results are p stsmery covers 3 paces, so only a few of the most^stftytfsg' results wi hero. The wall temperature re- quired in aJttiNtiUnxruce to tgni^ rsions in air varied from 315 to 900C. 4rafeez$hg to the metal A dispersion of zirconium sometJm^|/lfc2rtes at room tmaperatur energy is required for igni- tirtb^>9ark. Maximum pressure pressure rise vary widely. gives the highest figures : _ er sq. In. and 5,000 lbs. giepsq. m. per second, respectively d^teend was required to reach She mart min, pressure. A large explosion latwVftr would wreck a plant, and large relief vents would not prevent damage, ^Tho^jejlls in decreasing -rder of inflammability are: (1) zirconium, magnesl " its alloys, almlntsa in: titanium; (2) reduced and carbonyl iron, maaganei ac, silicon, tin and - - : - many; and (3) cadmiim, copper, chromium, land and iron. In diluting air with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium to roduce it Lbllity, it was found that titaniw, zirconium and magnosi\a and Ita alloys' ;e in pure carbon li- oxlde, whethdr dispersed or in a quiescent layer, sad in^teogea in a quiescent layer when heated sufficiently. Much work remains to be me on the subject, and 9 fields for future investigation are listed. Mmbers^lntares14d in metal powders should obtain the entire report from the above addroee. 243 Zxtcraal Trains and Peptic Ulcer - Analysis of Their Relationship. R.H. 7owler. In-. Med.. 12. 61^632 (SentAbsr. 1943). From the study of a large maher of ulcer cases the writer has found "tho :cidence of primary ulcers resulting from a single blunt traiaatlra uaaccoc; *d with other severe coexisting injuries" to be 0.6|l. A Mil group of pbys: ns still deny the existence of traumatogenic peptic ulcer under any droastac s. Post-traumatic neurosis may Indirectly result in peptic ulcer, in which easw *.ie aeeba&lA operates through psychic factors of orations! stress on a subdiniuai ulcer. The histories of nlno litigated cases are repoytod, Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 244 Deittatitlfl_froa Exposure to Tear Gas. J.T. Ingram. Brit. I. Dermat., 54, 319 (Decmnber* 1942). ~ Ingram reports a case of dermatitis In an officer exposed to a fairly high con centration of tear gas (chloracetophenoae) in a confined space for three quarters of an hour. About seven hours later he noticed irritation of the akin, especial ly in the flexures, quickly followed by a morbilliform eruption which soon became blistered. Under simple treatment with baths and calamine lotion the condition resolved in tweeks and loft the patient with no ill-effects. dinltrochlorbenzene several weeks previously, prodSeefca locally sensitized area when injected intrademally in another animal. Thl' by a typical eczeaatous dermatitis upon application of the compound* 249 Results of a amst^wm^wi on Patch Tests. J.G. Sown :h* Darmat. fcoyph., 48, 514-518 (Novber, 1943), In industrial contact dezmatitis, proparly executed patch tasta are of inestimable, value in prevention and treatment. Hypersensitive reactions of certain individ uals can also be picked* up in this way. Whan patch taata are used in cutaneous diseases in which they are not Indicated they often lead to fallacloue decisions. They are of value ohly in dermatitis venenata and dermatitis medicamentosa in which the eruption is of the eczcmatoid type* The site of teetlng most coononly chosen by dermatologists is of the flexor surface of the arm* It is unwise to tost during the acute stage of the eruption and also as few patches as possible should be applied at one time* Eighty per cent of dermatologist# questioned an swered "no" to the question "Stould patch teats be made by general practloners?*, Industrial Hygiene Digest 9 for routine patch testing is of little value and nay be dangerous. Pre-employ ment patch tests are not advised. Careful taking of the history, knowledge of the patient*s exposures, personal Investigations and the study of the various con tacts will reduce the necessity of patch tests, but when needed they will continue to be of distinct value in dermatology. 290 Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. S. Horner. Proc. Hoy. Soc. Med., 36, 633 (October, 1943). Principles of prevention ore: Select!. Protection, Inspection and Cleanliness, The selection of the right persoone dermatitis hazards is to be attempted, despite proaent labor conditions^ prevaila and cure of industrial played by diet and vitamins in tl tltis has yet to be determined. 231 Poison ffactive* T.B. Howell. Arch, Derm. ' ' ^ 373 (19 The autho various prevantives recommended for vy deimati- tls and has rally ineffective* Tor the pe: erage sensi- tivity the soap and water will leesen t of the deima- tltis o 5 or 10 mlnutee aftp^xpo Tor an extremely sensc*. wsaa .de r is ineffective latum spree only one minute. Terctionj sodium perborate had or no te, however, leasanad the ty when applied ^^ualy^ a after exposure, . 292 A Study of Pwiwaaia jn Industry. The Bpt ojer and Manase- meat of 864 Cases over i in the Kaiser Bia.*--*"* shipyards. M.T. Collen and others* J.Ind* 1-7 (January, 1944)* The gross mortality of in n the hospital was 8*2. The annual frequency rate of pitfOBO^t in t 9*9 per 1000 workers, which is sot different than tjm* undone* amo pulation, so far ns reliable data indicate*^oraner does tho shown by evidence present- ed, differ seen among the Paemococcal pneunonia accounSftfififc>TO?t of the cases, with making up ona-third of iwon!as* Taetors that c effect the incidence of :& are: (1) The length of time in the region. (2) The of employment in the shipyard, value of a low leukocyte count as pneumonia was affirmed* The relationship lobes involved end olbmlcuria was emphasized* done in the shipyard, rity of pnevmococcal and ago, number of &Bnt of theee patients with sulfadiazine and adjuvant thorapy was mphaai Condensed from Authors* sicmary* 233 Tuberculosis in Worth Carolina Industry* T.T. Vestal. Lth Bull.,(North Carolina State Board of Health). 36, 7-11 (Decoder, 19431 ^ Siployee# of 29 Industries were given chest X-ray exsminati^U These industries are widely distributed over the state, and are located in 6 ebuntiea. Six differ ent types of industry are represented* Almost 42 thousand people were examined. A rate of 1*9)1 pulmonary tuberculosis was found* Cardiac and other pathology was also discovered* Tho greatest amber of tuberculosis cases were found to be in the eerly stage* The next greatest amber was in the moderately advanced stage, and the mulleet umber in the far advanced stage* This Is the reverse of findings on admissions to sanatoria. -- Author's sromry* 254 Sound-Proof Airplane Motor Test Chambers* X.S*Xatel. J. Acoustical Sec. of Am* 13, U4-U3 (October, 1943). " . The noise of an airplane luring testing is not only a danger for the crews but is an annoyance to the neighborhood* The author deecrlbea the two mein types of air plane motor test chambers and the means taken to make thm nearly soundproof* -durtrial Hygiene Digest - 10 055 ****** Prevention la Industry. I. Gray and M.M. Albert. lad. Mad*, 12, 801-605 (Decmaber, 1943). "Bronchial astiaa Is an hereditary disease, which occurs only in predisposed in dividuals." A past or present history of allergic disease, rather than a preplacanent physical examination, should be the criterion for detemining smployahllity in occupations where the incidence of asthma is known to be high (such as in the baking or fur industries). The study of 8 cases, which are cited in the article, calls forth several observations. In every case pre-astSaatic symp toms were present, and the patients should have been removed from their occupa tional environment. In most casesmeasure will terminate the astlma; in oth^s it may fail by reason oftf*Lfi& that superimposed infection is pres* Setsraii cases demonstrated the occurrence of sensitivity to an occupational tac yearssure to a potent allergen. 256 Bheumat S.A. Underwood. I. Royal lost., 63, 153-1 Rheumatism m, used to cover four roups o^diWhtfes: (1) acute rheiaati joint rheumatism, (3) nqn-art^&Ior rhetaatlaa, and (4) ___ umatlQ diseases are^raamslble for a great deal v ^ in ry. w*Jfl.ou3 causative fa^ms^ve discussed. Prophylaxis 'valuable, s tSr^uef concern 3tf5tal%rtlcle. Important factors li^prophylaxis of f ^ improved standard of living and of housing, (2) iapro _ 3) correction of toxic influences, (4) facilities for ski more active tad early treatment, and (6) a need for suitable erapy and adequate rehabilitation amonge- meats. 257 Spirochetal Jaundice. 419-524 (October en and. T.R. Suavely. J.A.M.A. 123, In a strikingly^fdtdive article, int out that spirochetal jaun dice has beemovuifcoked in the pasl ts certain features of the dis ease in xmBm&ot differential dl; mice^.^M^pigs, foxes and horses, atisn\Htauns water and suck has recent: rate, as well as field boring Leptospira. Exaaintosplras morphologically ulshable from Leptospira icterol a single mine in Alabama 14 human cases of spirochetal jaundiCJ in-pathogenic saprophy- c Leptospira occur in natural waters all Aa occupational his- tory has usually been present in the reported caju a h&tory of moist, damp or wet environment is obtainable. Occupations ct ineouatered in the disease are those of sower workers, trapped coal miners, workers, fish mrkers, rice-field workers and cane cutters. The clinical of diagnostic signl- ficance are (1) an acute Infectious disease with acuti , fever, headache and prostration. (2) Severe myalgia appearing sponi and on pressure in the thigh, calves aad back. (3) Signs of liver douge. lgns of kidney dam age. (5) Leucocytosis. (6) Epidemiologic information - on, occupation. Leptospiras can he found in the blood in the first stege (7. 3 days), immune bodies between the 12th end 17th day aad increasing In concentration, and organ isms in the urine after the 2nd or 3rd week. Salient features of 15 cases ob served at the Charity Ssspital over a period of two and one-half years are pre sented, and the differential diagnosis discussed. A high incidence of gastro intestinal symptoms and abdominal crises ousted. Bronchopulmonary, central ner vous system, cardiac and 2KG features are presented along with mention of nmorr- haglc diathesis. The similarity of spirochete! jaundice to pnmaonia makes it possible for the condition to be misteken for hepatitis secondary to pneumonia or sulfoasmlde therapy. In the article two cases of leptosplrm canlcola infec tion are discussed with a review of previous studies. 4 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 258 ftwieallosis in Packing-Spuse Vorkera. M.G. Latin#. J.Iad.Syg* & Tox., 25, 451-2 (Decber, 1943K Because of Ita prevalence among packing-house workers, Brucalloals la considered an occupational disease. It may be zpread among the general population by in gestion. but observers believe tbat contact infection occurs in slaughter-bcuse workers. The finding tbat packing-house workers eat partially cooked mast. offers a new approach to the epidemiology of Brucellosis. The practical importance in dustrially and sociologically of eradicating this disease is obvious. Proper education of slaughter-house workersWll help to eliminate this hazard. 259 ztqiA of Wet Garments on Body WeSj^rt^Jtess at High Environmental Tamperntura NV i^-flson andJCB Visscher.. J.JSg&gya. fcTox.. 25. 434-9 {December. 1943 Bxper$B^ite ett^)mderta^^^ detezaine the value of the practice of ' m in especially hot situations, sue co white males served as subjects. _ mental At a mean taaporature of HOOP, ive huaidity feted to simulate roughly thoee many deserts, rest was 174 g per hr. and a 309 g. per hr. and a relative hmidj^t of conditions select- tropical seas tha^raftlBftivre 76 g. at rest and tsl tamperat butable to the wet cloth- higher temperature, the aver- pulse rate was rest in the wet garments than in the nude. ?or applicat situations it is believed that fur- ther lnrostlgatlons sbo 260 Light. Tccneratur*! lad. Med., 13, 111-11 44) Subjects discussed te^fra'cts Temperature y on Resist Work and Accl Optimum Conditio^ and Effects of he Working Eavlromeat. 4,M. Baetjer. and Low Tmsparaturae; Effects of se; Halation of Temperature to iture. Humidity and Air Movement Ultra-violet, Visible and c Carbon Monoids Poisoning A.M.A. 122. 1013 (August 943). engineering survey carried on in Vest Vlr,_ . n that in many homes ono or more gas appliances discharged carbon aonoxidf^ rooms, sate of them in large quantities. Clinical studies revealed' red gentrel health, nervous- ness, ill-temper, etc., due to prolonged repeated sure to ^ amounts of carbon monoxide. In a field survey of the health vlng conditions of 279 parsons who lived at home or worked in shops where ae gas was oonsused for cooking or heating* 137 gave histories suggestive of c monoxide anoxemia. It is to be noted that milder toms of carbon monoxide poTrSQ^Ing do sot present any distinctive clinical picture, the manifestations belng^sssentlally subjective. In suspected case# the definitive diagnosis will require proper chnicsl examin ations of ths blood of the patient, as well as of tho air he has been breathing. 262 Cadmixm Poisoning. Ontario Dept, of Health, Dir. of Industrial Hygiene. Pamphlet 3 pp. Mo Date. ' Although the toxic properties of cadmiw and its compounds have long bees known, it is only recently that cadmium has asstaed importance as a source of industrial and domestic poisoning. Coincident with the increased use of dadmiia there has been a sharp rise in the amber of cases and eras deaths have occurred from this source. Cadnlw may enter the body either by ingestion or by inhalation, and produces different sett of symptoms according to the method of entry. Industrial Industrial fygUflft Digest - 12 poisoning is practically always by inhalation. Cadmiua dust or tm*a may be produced by grindingt burning or wilding of cadmium-plated metals, cadmiua alloys and metals covered with cadmium-bearing paint. 263 Experimental Aamonia Das Poisoning la Rabbits and Cats. E.M. Boyd and others. J.Iad.^rg. & Toz., 26, 29-34 (January, 1944). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning in rabbits and cats was found to be associat ed with : (a) An increased output ofxespiratory tract fluid, (b) No appreci able efffedt upon the water content qffithe tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar por-^, tions<\of the respiratory tract. ^BLi^increase in the iron content of the tras^e&L, bronchial and alveolar'fiprtions off the respiratory tract and an ciaXi^marked increase in. SJ\tradteal portion, (d) No change in the cK3 aae in blood hemoglobin above nozmel^^egTfining about 24^Jj0tira ) No change in sonm chloride. /^)Ulacressd in plasma ~ 1 the cholesterol fractions. ArpiSJe vas co tained the rn acted as a partial filt^ draftoeonia, protect- lag tin ot the smaller broncMdek^nJoalTeoli from the actio eing both histolofl^Minacd chemical. In prelim- ound to lower nortality rate from injected st$S$qp6uAly just before or just i 264 X.Ind.Syg. & Toz-, 26, 4^54 (February It oust be concluded, ies of lead when in the foim of lead chromate say exist in t thout causing lead absorption than is true in the case of he amount of lead allowable in the atmospbere^slBSkd^ rai e case of this type of ccn- pound. Atoosp&awSc^reetminatioas o erroneous conclusions if not substanfilhtee} other data. W es not pretend to cover other tngdlurojk lead compounds which sme way as lead ehron&te, the s6^ntty recognized possibility standards'should be se*tf\&r certain lead compounds is a "packed tube" type rector has proved useful in this should aid in similar *s of Investigation where accurate baric lead contamin- 'ation are needed- Work completed several ; ng prepared for pub- lication now, on the solubility of- several blood serum and lung fluid, indicates that those lead compounds are most Insoluble in such media would provide a margin of safety in the use fleed compounds that does not exist with the relatively soluble compounds. TM^Ldeea not mean to say that solubility is the only factor to be considered, but t is an important :co- sideration- -- From Authors' stannary and conclusions- 265 Lead Poisoning as a Clinical Entity Purina the Rsco<**tlft"*tsr Q* Wagshlna. f.Z, Hankins. 7.3. Naval Ned. Bull., 1785-1791 (November, 1943). Lead poisoning occurs with greater rapidity and severity from inhalation of l*d contaminated dusts and fumes then from the ingestion of lead in various formj. Cases developed and continued to develop among the point removal crews working on the ships until effectlva measures were taken and enforced to keep the respir ed air free from lead-laden dust and fumes. This proved to be the only effective control of plimbism. Dust control measures alone are not sufficient, but la sedi tion adequate respirators must be worn- Cleansing and clean habits are important. A list of suggested regulations is included- Industrial Hygiene Digest 13 266 Treatment of Lead Poiaoniaff, Conferences on Therapy* N.T. Stats J\ Red., 43, 2079-2086 (November 1, 1943), The discussion emphasizes the facts that ingested lead, especially in i amounts, rarely causae poisoning because of poor absorption, aad that the greater danger of laad poisoning e>sts when fisaes are inhaled; thus industry is the chief source of load poisoning. The pretention of poisoning is very* important. Control of exposure aad proper industrial hygiene are .necessary, factors which control lead metabolism should be considered. The general state of health, and also nutrition, age, sex, and elcotogjjfsm are all important. Diagnosis of poisoj ing stay be difficult. Therapy, arce>k>for puroly symptomatic treatment, is oa^tMvperallellsm between and lead streams. Lead is either ate^^om the bopes by a a&Lum deficient diet and drugs, and excrete^toj is fia/in tfirpones hsEJf^mjh. calcium and vitamin. D diet. The fonriS^Tl|^' the danger^^jepisodt^rng^a^tfb^olsonlns during treatment, while th^i^tjr^ ma the dange^of ,tha^^^Lt^supply of lead rwainlng fixed in ti^bejQjfbecoming mobilized <and a& twwing episodes of acute poisoning, ' 267 d Alloys. Ill, gmerimengf on with e Lead-Tin- * Tox., 26, 22-28 ^of thd poss city of a lead-tia-entinny containing 63.89 per cent lead, lion of diet, proved to he qAite leal diet but so lead, with respect to aad the appearance of stippled cells lead stored in their carcasses. Rats 300 parts of laad par million in lgnn of laad poisoning; their car- concluded that ingested solder of is non-toxic for the rat. -- 268 Hazards Created by the 7ar- of Solde^aff Practical Co IUlnols Labor Bull., October 31, 1943). ^ production has required (i) an iacreasexlA^d b&&6ht of solders as a tin 'conservation aoeaure from 30Jt to as high as 98*; fad Wjfk increase in the usi of silver soldor. Gee-heated soldering irons, bffwise wrths danger of building up large quantities of dross in their gas muffle^Mfir present a real lead hazard. The muriatic flux gives rise to irritating vapors and>6eimatitls. XLectrlcally- heated soldering irons use rosin which, is an. irritant^I^x* The soldering of condensers which have been treated with chlorinated va^jgjsSlpreeonti an added toxic vapor hazard* Silver soldering may have haxaful qiwrtitlea of fluorides arise from tha flux- Machine soldering is used extensively^, making tin cans. Tinning pots create a certain amount of Irritating woke bulPths control of the lead used by adequate exhaust will also eliminate- the woke nuisance. Also when solder is removed in reclaiming motals by "sweating," the lead in the air is usually many times the limit of 1*5 mg, per 10 cu m. Control measures in soldering operations come under tha bladings of good housekeeping proper hood ing and local exhaust, and conscientious personal hygiene. 269 Carbon Tetrachloride - Part 2 of a Literature Study of Reports of Occupational Injuries Attributed to Volatile Spirants. H.P. Guadland* Ind.Med., ^2, 321-829 (Decwber, 1943). In this paper both occupational injuries and other damages from carbon tetra chloride ere reviewed. Brief mention is made of soma reports which are not in cluded in the table* Industrial Hygisns Digest - 14 270 Carbon tetrachloride Poiaoaiw^ gptd^nic la a Parachute Plant. W.Z. Doyle end C. Baker* Ind. Med., 13, 184-192 (Pebroary, 1944). " An outbreak of illness* involving 137 nor workers occurred in a plant manufactur ing nylon parachutes. The symptoms* namely* nausea* abdominal pains, vomiting* weakness* coughs* colds* headache, etc*, constitute the recognized symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning in various stages* This cause was definitely es tablished after the elimination of other possibilities and an investigation into working conditions* It is believed probably that all the aployees are suffer ing from chronic or sub-clinical tetrachloride poisoning* Remedial taeas- ures advised are: (1) Improvement tiiation* which was inadequate because of efmts to conserve fuel; (2) possible unnecessary soiling of and ^s linit th^Mise of cezten t chloride; (3) Replace carbon tetraj with n$jra^lc Scents ifNWsUble. (4) Provide containers for carb< chloride''i&l ose when not in use* (3) Persons win id- ably axpo'^ chloride should: (a) Drink a quart dfSoASra day to Increase level* (b) Avoid greasy fooda^tegAtoTld the use of oily 1 possible* rotate work to oid5prolonged expo- sure* ( coholic beverages* from Authors' aamry 271 1943). Aml^othiazole, an inte absorbed by chemical wo concentration ranging liter) complained of certal brows plantation of the probably haring develo by a syndrome of su of severe ltchls,g<td^l^fod by cltated thorn ods up to five damage fo Z Author's summary.^ Ind* Med.* 12. 832-635 f sulfathiazole* may readily be A umber of wortoen exposed to air per ou* ft* (0*0036 to 0.11 ag. per o symptoms* tht commonest of which `were nausea and vosUting* A few workcen* ty, responded to ordinary exposure iling sens sickness, and consisting ^ ains in tbs Joints which incapa- * its recovery without residual f Inspired Radium Baanation Schreub and 2. Schraub. 30 * 489-492 (1942). (Oeaan :s of experiments with mice, reports o im poisoning* and ob- rations of conditions In pitchblende minea^^Kcate' Road and Mottram's results (Brit* J. Radiol. 12, 54, 1939) are appx^xlmat m orrect. They are* however, untrustworthy because young instead of ce were used, insuffl- cient mice were used for adequate periods, and tal conditions were in adequately controlled* The tojd.c concentration of emanation in air for mice is approximately 10~9 curie per cc* * d) 273 Intracellular Penetration of Bromide as a feature In the rajpfttv of Alkyl Pres ides. D.P. Miller and H.V. HaggardI J'.lBd.Hve. &Tox*. 25^^23-33 (Dec*,1943)* Methyl bromide is hydrolyzed in the body with the formation of inorganic bromide. In part* this hydrolysis may occur within the intracellular fluid, resulting in a distribution of bromido different from that for bromide given orally as sodium bromldo* The systemic effects of mtthyl bromide may thus be an unusual form cf bromldism with intracellular penetration of bromide* A few experiments on ethyl bromide indicate that it is less rapidly eliminated than methyl bromide and is also hydrolyzed to a less- extent* with the aiuunts administered there wes no indication of an appreciable accumulation of bromide in the intracellular water. The hydrolysis appeared to oceur predominantly in the extracellular fluids* - Authors' conclusions* ' Industrial ^giane Digest - 15 274 of Methyl Chloride as Substitute for Preoa. C.P. McCord and others. ' J.A.M.A.. 124. 94 {January 8. 1944). " ` ' Preon is no longer available la any quantity for use as a refrigerant because of military requirements. The best substitute for use in the same mechanism is methyl chloride. The following precautions should be observed when the- change must be made: (1) Methyl chloride Is toxic and inflammable; (2) Do sot use tethyl chloride where it will come in contact with aluminum or zinc; (3) Test the r/atm. for leaks before charging withjBethyl chloride; (4) Do not use a halide torcl^whea tasting for leaks after tflJJkystem has been filled with methyl chlor-^ idgjt/^5) Increase superheat sett&Lo^?reonn-cbarged thermal expansion val1 to Zttx}kum . (Ne#\ orifice aay_he qmfed to reduce capacity of valve); 1 6) In^al dryer^liqui^l^e. 275 Toxicology.ofk Dici Daily .on. (Methylene Chloride). I. Studies o ippel, P.A. Neal and others. J.lnd. fere exposed to 17 ag. per p.p.m.) of di )urs for 6 months. Ther ne~^vidonco of toxic sprats is, but a ret wth rate of guinea ared. No sigijiflc lood changes dogs or rabbits, and in do^ths arterial pfwt^ufte r with! and so evidence of liver damage was gives Zs another series of ax- periaents the exposure Tjf weeks at 20 hrs. per week. Two out of 4 dogs and 4 out o' developed liver injury, but none was seen In monkeys, rabbits o ^ _vfel of the effected animals died, appar- ently from acute pulaonasv? ion^^dXbdema. Repeated applications of di- chloromethane to the amT_o rabhi^0lead to byperemia followed by scaly exfoliation. Oat^k dSvyresenteONSon conce on of dichloromethane in the blood and urine of vortSksHttttmals. These^efcpe confirm other reports on the comparativel^^^rexicity of dlchlosefi^ data are available concerning the eff^^%\^^Vopeated exposures on ut from these exper- im0nt**2s&i tantatlvely suggested that^t; owable concentration for S^mrScHily exposure Is 500 p.p.m. cology of Dichloromet>ftw {Methylene Chi Effect gunning 'Activity in the Male Rat. L.A. Heppel and P. Syg. & Tox., 2Sj 17-21 (January, 1944). A concentration of 5,000 p.p.m. of dichloromet .air causes a great dlainu- tlon in the running activity of young male rets as ln a standard type of revolving dn*. At this concentration the animal' not ahow any depressant effects-by ordinary Inspection. It is suggested that cation of perform- ance tests might be a useful adjunct in determining pe ble concentrations of to^.c solvent vapors- -- Authors1 suaaary 27? Petroleum Solvents and Trichlorethylene. Part 3 of the Literature Study of 3e- oorta of Occupatlft^'> ft*eases Attributed to Volatilo Solvents. H.P. ^uadland. Ind. Med.. 13. 4^-51 (January. 1944). " The ease study covers only inhalation cases, and therefore excludes ceses that have occurred through ingestion of petrolei* distillates. Mb American cases :f trichlorethylene prior to 193? could be found. ` 278 Effect of Trichlorethylene on the Human. Canine end Rabbit Electrocardiogram. J.7. Mallach and others. Am. Heart J.. 26. 377-364^ U943K In dogs and rabbits thera was a marked slowing of the heart rate, ectopic beats and alterations in the P and T waves. No significant electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes in normal subjects or patients with cardiovascular Industrial Hygiene Digest - 1$ 279 of Tetrachoa Shipboard. N.H. Friedman. U.S. Naval Had. Bull. 41, 1792-95 (November, 1943). Sufficient quantities of tetrachLorethane say ba absorbed through the akin to produce complete necrosis. In the Nary, this substance Is used as a solvent for organic substances in tho impregnation, of gas protective clothing. It may be used with safety in properly designed and maintained equipment if there is ade quate ventilation, avoidance of breathing the vapor or shin contact, and no in ternal use. The vapor is persistent in storage spaces, and thus ventilation nay not be completely accomplished. Uija^jfessary exposure then pezmits asphyxia. Tc prevent shipboard accidents it igefcg)maended that: (1) hazards steuld be ^ecognize^ (2) imprcgnatetfSiotliing end storage drtais should be stow^f^ .3r"the substance should be supplied ln_a^L^` if practicable, a 280 ational Dis143-149 American caaaa of occupaterature since 1932. Data exposure, ventilation, early k n\abtr of cases which omissions art stated* 281 Tha Chronic Toxicity of entrations of Benzene and of Mixtures Of Benzene and Its Bbmologuea J.L. Svirbely, R.C. Dunn and tf.?. von Oettingen. J. Iadj^S? 6 (February, 1944). Animals exposed to 1$c5^pj>p.m. qf^hnse: ad to present the same blood ple ture as those exapHw)to 1000 p.p.m^-of ads containing SO to 60 per cent benzene, 30 ^o^S^er cent toluene, ,^4)>er lane, and other hydrocarbons, The most ..cJ^atciSnustic. features wer^^ela phopenia followed by leucocy- >cytosls. The different' cated changes in tha meutro- lymphocytes only* No marie ad The exposure time was (van hours daily, five days a week ,t weeks. Tha urinary ite and hippuric acid excretion in the the benzene and content of the solvents. The pethol und in rats exposed to benzene, Solvent X, and Solvent X were dose The spleens of many of the rats exposed showed some evideac sic effects -- hamosidero- sis, small lymphoid follicles, and narrowing of t rlfolllcular collars of close packed, pale calls. Minor differences In the e of change were noted in the case of each solvent. No significant pethol as were noted in dogs exposed to the solvents. -- Authors' conclusions. 282 An Unusual Case of Trinitrotoluene (TOT) Poisoning. W.D. McNally. J. Ind. Syg. & Tox., 26, 35. (January, 1944). The author reports a case of TNT poisoning In which the exposure consisted of dust settling on exposed parts of the body. Manifestations included yellow color, dermatitis, bleeding and running of the note, bronchitis, headache, ner vousness, fatigue, constipation and hemorrhage under tha akin of the dogs, which were not exposed. The man's condition returned to nomal after removal from ex posure. The sell number of cases of 1311 and tetryi poisoning is undoubtedly due to the excellent work of the Industrial hygienists and medical directors of the various plants. Industrial Sflglan* Digest - 17 283 Chiorohydrocarbon Solvents* 2.W. McGovern. Ind* Dag. Chsm., 3, 1830-1239 (Decernher, 1943). Included In a comprehensive paper on the properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity* The toxicities of a niaber of the solvents in than- selves are of the same order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride ere practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher molecular weight on account of their higher vapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides have low toxicities, but, beipg gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high concentjgmfcn of the vapors with increased fire and health hazards* Chloroform, bets^trt^jorotbane, and especially tetrachloret^a^ poadeu high toxicities, and aust\sfc)used with precautions although their vsc^c^ pre&uM are la gen$Efi\ tnntfaa beings should not be exposed to atefl spSyes lnwhids/tkto odoc^sf chfcjmwprocarbons are detectable* However, thS^B&Se all renmd sgfe(^^u^^^of properly designed equipment* Danger >$^Jkia con tact and ^^pos^l^fejllKmgher temperatures with formation qf. fiyfcStoxic sub stances are^ssww&nrlefly, as are also methods of- dete< 284 Bagasse vthe SwvAX&i >agasse an lnvoli organic pneijaoconiosiffO. alveolar regions end p] the nature of the stimuli reaction, remain obscure* V.A* Sodsmsn and R.L. 'w Orleans Med. fc *943). lung is repo: r with the findings at lung* appears to be that of an lent th clea of bagasse may inter the The mecbanla of the changes, aid sse dust to produce the cellular 285 Pne^soconiosij^and^Jlozkijg^CaSli^ions Mines* Brit* Med. J. No. 4316, 395-396 l September 25^R The Committee Pulmonary Dis been unable to draw final con- elusions on cau^MStfrtfr differenced^^ 1 of pneumoconiosis in the South Wales coalfyS^h'^xnthraclta dust i than that of bituminous mines, The mosts^pqn^ant measure in prevent tlon of dust breathed by the aa&3rao To this end, the canal ttee rise of procedures which sed in this article: (1) main uate ventilation, (2) -use to prevent dust dispersion, (3) at in roadways and at ng points* (4) reduction of shot-firing ni^w&\ with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping piecesisas, ^and ^Lprevention of chill diving spake Journeys. 2S6 Liquefaction Necrosis in Bilateral Svmeatrig*i Lesions of Aathrecc- silicosis o>ff Luna!: R1 eport of Case* B.J^McCloakey7ja^J. Roentgenol., 50, 42-45 (July, 1943)* It la the intention of tha author to show that tha corred|^aterpretatioa of the sentgen appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the congMKets losions of anthracosiliooels may be very difficult* A case is reported? showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. The only loom exposure to silica was when the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of 12 years and there was no sxposure for a period of 44 years before bis death* The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening* At autopsy each cavity was found to contain thick,, black, viscid fluid, which showed no free silica os examination* Examination of the cavity , wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.25 per cent silica* 287 A New Radiologic-Social Classification of Pubwiiawp flilfeaaia. R.Lorca and other*. Bol* de la oflclna sanitaria ponemerlcana. 22* 976-861 (November* 1943) .(Spanunj. The authors review the principal iysta< of classification of silicosis* includ ing that of Irvine and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930. They IHF March 1944 WH000131 Industrial Rjrgiena Digest - 18 . then propose the following ciassification, reducing the eight groups to five: (1) exposed but showing no silicosis; (2) suspicious; (3) confimed phase No. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) 'confimed phase No. 2, narked nodular fribroai3; (5) confimed phase No. 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. 288 Asbestosls and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desaeules and other*. Laval ned,, 8. 217 (March. 1943). (Trench). . Asbestos!s is an occupational disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence of jjdfcestos bodies in the sput\, and is charac terised by the transformation ofjHpmkl lung tissue into fibrous tissue ` toM^ppear usually five to se*gfteim after the beginning of exposure jerculosis^iereVdeen in 8 workers exposed to aibestos^ist' sases asbestosls was masked by tubercu^S^is^^ 289 of asbestosls appe matter could not be d berculoais. R. Desaeules and nch). -aval Med., ear old man Is given who had wtaced^for 20 years in an '* he had developed pmddbtiv^^ough which increased was admitted to tmraffmrtal he started to run t. The cllnlpalr&afeftsls of ulcero-flbrous confimed Autopsy. Diffuse peribronchial ^_believed that the first symptoms ^ symptoms of tuberculosis, but tfee adloitfSfcally and pathologically* 290 Asbestosls Bodies. 1C. GirMMj|&^val/1^4 , 8, 239 (March, 1943). (French), The "curious bodies" fgpfaS&tik spu4\kr!^ patient# suffering from.pulmonary asbestosls usually z4 mu 2 to 24 mu but can be as large as 250 mu. They cons^sVSor^ central fiber' bestos which is covered by a golden- yellow substagdfc>cSsining iron, /s^>it _ a pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalatjedhld^Mbestos dust. Asbestosls develop in the rabbits cor in the guinea pigs showed, weeks, macrophages with asbes- tos^&J^Tn their alveoli. Srythro . ( a n the alveoli, and heaoglo- natives containing iron could b^^' stos fibers two to three after the beginning of the inhalat stos dust. When a sus- .on of asbestos In olive oil was inject icutg&gfasly or into the testi "cles of guinea pig* no asbestos bodies were er, if first one cc. of blood was injected end then the asbestos the sene needle, asbes- toa bodies could be found one month later. nce of asbestos bodies in the sputut is believed to be a definite sign of p asbestosls. 291 Coincidence of Prf--77 ^rcinona of the L^fi* Pul^a^hr Asbestosls. ?. Hamburger. Am. X. Path., 19, 797-807 (Septmober, _ In the medical literature there are now at least 19 known^t#es of asbestosls associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopiles at the pathology laboratory at Tale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1938* Asbestosls was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of the 8 cases of asbes- tosis and twice in the 17 silicotic bases. Despite the high correlation of the foreign body asbestosls in the lungs with ^primary pulmonary carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of these data is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosls was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (1) fibrosis of the lung and (2) presence of asbes tosls bodies. Industrial %giene Digest - 19 292 Pulmonary Asbestosls. L. Rousseau.- Laval Had., , 233 (March, 1943). (Prench). The radiological plotura of pulmonary asbaatosls is not characteristic; it is usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies have been found in the sputum. Asbestos fibers may be seen in tbs sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosls; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients vrho have died from an izstercurrent disease may show asbestosls, which had not been found on X-ray examination. The case history of a 42 year old man with asbestosls with-it tuberculosis is given. The patient had been working in the asbestos, indust^Opr 18 years. Por 2 years the patient had. been buffering from increasing cgK^feTpCpectoration and dyspnea. Roentgenolo< show**'mottling of botSIuiigs* Sputa and gastric examinations ' L^estos bodies were found in the Detection and Detessinatien 293 _ ^ Quantitative Dsffrft Toff., 26. 61-63 (Tebru The author describes a .tloiofr.'<CY"id 9 metric neaaurwment of air containing cyanide a concentration, as low million* higher conean pends upon the chan milli-nicrona, ^creases with Lambert lawtails of collec Lester* J. Ind. Hyg. fc ,, termination based upon the colorimed from aethmaoglobln exposed to liter is sufficient for determining with an error of 0.1 parts per The colorimetric aeasuraent de- agthmsoglobln at wave length 635 on in accordance with the Seersaatlon procedures are given. ysis of Air Contemn Ind.Med., 13, 10C-103 rsis of air for various contaminant be use, is described briefly. The si used for the collection of amaonlum piSnfiAtW's, substances produced for and midget implager .toluene, tetryl, TNT, nitroglycerine, morcury fulminate, tracer bullet nto uorides, metal fumes, chlorinated, hydrocarbons and war gases, sta after collection are indicated very briefly. The Shepherd bottle is us4of< collecting substances such as nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of sampler. The eiectro- static precipitator and the benzol indicator are disci ,,_briefly* with mention. of other special methods* - (r* 295 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaaiaaa*. c*ntialne nitrate Qrdublcat. H. Yagoda and 7.H. Ooldman- J. Ind. Hyg. 3c Tox. 25, 440-444 (Deebar 1943). Methods are described, for the estimation of nitroglycerine* PEEH (pentaerytbrltol tetranitrate) * nitrous times, and amonium nitrate in atmospheres arising from manufacturing processes. The analyses are based on the nitration of m-xylenol in 62.5* sulfuric acid end the colorimetric determination of the nitr^xylenol isolated by a simple steam distillation* -- Authors' 296 Dust Measuroaent. W.Oruadmaan. Arch. techJCessen Lfg. 126. T.152,2 (1941) .(German) Dust seasuramsnt is possible with the TyndsUfetsr by determination of the in tensity of the scattered light of the dusty atmosphere. Calibration curves for the serious sorts of dust must be made because the effects of size, form and op tical surface effects of the dust pertleles must be eliminated to secure an Industrial Sygiene Digest - 20 297 m cal Determination of Mercury# A. Stock. Mikrocimie ver. kikrochia. Act*. X, 128-136 (1941). Is. determining less than one-tenth of a aicrograa of mercury* the author feels that the presence of mercury in the air is tha principal cauae of error. Ccm- plete directions are given for getting the mercury in a sample into solution* precipitating with, hydrogen sulfide and carrying out the electrolytic determina tion recononded in previous papers. To remove excess chlorine it is best to heat with 20# hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. The presence of considerable hydrochloric acid in the electrolyte Cetfs no ham and the volume may be as large as lOjJ^pl. Under proper conditionfcCtA>rospect to distilling ofT the mercury, resta2kj accurate <to one-tenth micromm can be obtained without the use of 1; air ^QB^oling^All reage^^aaei^should be carefully tested for meremajt JS^ plifloe^d^qtione^r ^gMlgg'out & tests are described. TJ* proo^3rV^ccm- aended by^foith aa^wiMS^is no simpler than that recoonended ^f^n^juthor and is lees^idcuragflftS&i&exmiaing quantities under one mic? 296 ,ts of Acrylonitrile in Air. and H.H. is >ber ha 3&& "developed vieeindicate that the borhood of 20 p.p.m. Ejaldahl reaction In wMc is made strongly alkaline ing* the acrylonitrile is into a standard add so ure of one type of ive method for air enaly- ents condi&ttQ$h? the U. S. Public Sealth Serr acrylonitrile is in the neigb- thod depending upon a modified- lutlon containing the acrylonitrile with hydrogen perloxlde. Upon reflux, atively to ammonia* which is distilled and precautions are given. 299 Photoelectric for Determi S. Silverman. Sag. Chen. * Am^ The author s an absorption p Tri-Per by V.P. Hanson. In tu^y utl h is sensitive for carbon df ' amospherlc constituents. The 2 to 200 p.p.m The accuracy is approximately one minute. 1sulfide the Atmosphere. September* 1943). same principle as the absorption band is affected appreciably a range of concentra- tlmt of deteimina- The Pilarganh: A Recording Device to facilitate Mlcrometgy. Z.D. Palmes. J. Ind. Hyg. *Tox., 2$, 64-67 (Pebruary* 1944). By use of the Pilargraph a single operator can cosveue&iLy perform all the operations of filar miermotry without the eyestrain or^^Skily associated with this work. The Pllargrwm is a convenient* pexsanant inke^jfugord of measurements which allows ass to sspsrate particle measurements into vtr&ftp size groupe with ease and rapidity. The time required for a series of msasurwents is reduced by at least two thirds. Data obtained with the Pilargraph la in very gbod agree ment with that obtained with the filar micrometer alone. 301 The Use of the Microscone in Particle Size Analysis. G.L. Pairs. ChM. and Indust.. 62. 374-78 (October 2. 1943). (London). The author dlseusaet la detail microscopic procedures for particle size analysis. One interesting detail is ths fact that sodlia vapor light reduced eyestrain and improved resolution* and therefore the writer used it as a standard for his aeas- uremanta* Results are compared with turbidimeter and photosedimentation appar atus. Tha turbidimeter requires less time but is not as satisfactory for parti cles between 0*10 microns. * Industrial Sygiene Digest 21 Control Methods 302 Control of 7/eldine Fumes In Shlpbn*i< Lng Operations. Y. Rosenfeld. Ind. Med. 13, 103-105 (January, 1944). ^ The^^qllowing facts were detemtgjw^Jjp a result of air sampling and analyst; twa^Jgor shipyards: (1) 7fhere\S&) control measures In the form, of exhausi ment^^ft use<^tentiay^ttxi<j concentrations of metallic fuses, pa lead aM^nctNsw^hg^Trjieased from welding* operations on galTarff%e^>*teel. (2) Whefcolwoldlng. Tawftewon ungalvanized materials only fsiTi^^M^Justs and A amber of illnesses of a respinatowG&aracter were .dea and carbon monoxide were g^rfigy^hegligible, (5} >oxygen depletion. Control aiuSiesadviaed are the equipment and air-sm^r restilatlon. The latter arc welding on hl4pitf2Ph&* Respirators may he .ly txposuroa^y^hpTt duration* 303 Glsis. U.S. Bureau of Briefly the conclusions a mine floor do not make not dependable; (3) tance of all ground the spring; .(5) in^we conductor shoui^o^o: oil Mines* F.I. Griffith and f.J. , No. 3734. 13 pp. (Deemher, 1943)* work are: (1) metal parts restlig on und; (2) a Slagle peg or rod is $rack is satisfactory; (4) the resis- toxmined periodically, especially in suitable conductor, a separata ctrode of known resistance. 304 Use aadJriSS&nOrFlame Safety Lamps Imf ^<Wy'No. 7271, 14 pp. (January .cal accidents are mentioned, lamp. The historical developmaa ^ modern lamp and Its proper operatio' to make certain that all persons who their construction, proper assembly and correct also to insist on proper training of all persona test for gas* Other precautions include prohlbltl matches underground and mploylng only persons with Bureau of Mines, acts or careless use of lamp is given briefly Coal companies ore roughly familiar with inspection and testing; duties require thm to king and carrying vision for gas testing. 305 Accidents Due to Misuse of Erdoslyes. D. Harrington angj^g* Zest, Jr. U. 3. Bureau of Mines, X^f. Cir., No. 7259 14 pp* (Nowmber, 194^2) Fourteen accidents, many fatal, at widely separate localities, and with varied causes, art described, as smsples of some- of the foolish things that should cot bo done when explosives are handled or used* Quoting frem the sunary, "Ultimate ly rigid laws should be enacted requiring that all persona who engage in blast ing shall have a certificate of competency issued by the State after the appli cant has passed a rigid examination embodying fundamental facta on the character istics and hazards of xplosives.* 306 Tire Control m preside Foundries. R.I. Thnne. Am. Foundress's Assoc., Reprint 43*36, pp. 109-123 (1943). As a result of a series of experiments and actual magneaim fir* extinguishing experience, the aagnaslm foundry, with which the author is connected, developed Industrial Sygiens Digest - 22 307 Lfrmita of TaflMwmablllty and Iapitjon Temperatures of Acetic Anhydride. g.w. Ion##, F.2. Scott and G.S. Scott. G.S. Bur. of Mines, Kept. latere., No. 3741 (Dcobr, 1943). The temperatures between which air saturated with acetic anhydride vapor forms lnflamable mixtures were found to be 47.3 and 74.4 C. (117 and 166 ?.). These data correspond to concentrations of 2.67 and 10.135& by voliae. All mix tures between these percentages at the temperatures given above are inflammable. The flash point by the standard closed cup tester was found to be 124 F. (51C. Tho ignition temperatures were foundbe 392 C. (738 F.) in air and 361 0. (682 F.) in ojqrgen. -- Auttors' MSignal A&ms and Powerj^jfc^ases. W.J. Fane and H.F. Weaver. 306 Bure Clrc^i^. 7262, 8 pp. (November, 1943). The cl alarms and power releases which a warning the power when any interruption in occurred* 309 A Diacuat lust] .s for Airplane D. Fitzroy. J. Ac< if Am"; 106-113 (October, generated in, tes^ irplase engine ylng to the personnel of .eld and evdaTfc rei >* living a stance. The difficult prob- l^>of quieting thlsurl^i ba\- inveetigation. Findings and recommendations are 310 The Means for Reduci of the Quicksilver Vapors in the Air of Working Rooms of Manufa frueftam ni packets. G. L. Sklianakaya-tasilievsk (Russian). Mo.cow, Baa. 1.2, 37-40 (1942). In factories engage^rn >Oft manufacture o' ets of surgical dressings it was found that tha stops contained concentration of mercury. This came from of sublimate^! from duet arising during the cutting gf (Eijegnated gauze. The c has an affinity for chlor- ine, wtsSvvmdn it combines during the ng and drying, and therefore set free; the iron .utodave acts in a similar and free mercury is deposited at a the autoclave roome and the drying nts of tot air eacapmercury vapor into stops. By enclosing the autoclave and and by isolating the drying and autoclave stop# la exhaust chambers, otttlfr''parts of the factory, great reduction was effected in the amount of me in the air. It was also found that the addition of sodlta chloride to blchl e of mercury, to facill- tate solution, tended to force metallic mercury out rft^e compound when the latter was heated; iodine compounds have only one-tsnilth^^the effect of sodi-a chloride in this respect* The author suggeeta that blchli&de could be dissolved in boiling water (In which it is readily soluble) in an e^33i^ij6 clumber, and that cooling should also take place in an exhaust ctoxber, stnee it is in these processes that noxious vapor is likely to be given off.' ' 311 The Prevention of Lead Poisoning in Blast-Furnace Operations. Bauer. Reicheers beitsblatt 22, HI. Arbeltsschutz, 337-342 (1942). (German). Ordinarily the danger of lead poisoning from this source is not very serious; however, there is some with ttose furnaces which produce special gradec of iron that are made from raw material containing lead. A typical case is the Duisburg Sactofeuwerk which processes the so-called "Purpurerz." The Isad ton- tent of the Iron dross was 0.8-0.9* originally; howevar, the use of a new alkali process which dissolved the lead by means of a concentrated sodim chloride sol** v tion lowered the leed content of the iron dross to 0.18-0.20$. This new process Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 inereesed the cases of lead poisoning which was traced hack to the fact that in this new process the lead is converted to volatile load chloride which exaepes pertl7 into the akaosphere. This danger was overcame by powerful mechanical ven tilation and the use of full instead of partial gas masks. 312 The Safe Handling and Storage of Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid. C.M. ?ehr. Chan, lads. 5, 505-510 (October, 1943). Pctrolem Refiner 22. 239-44 (August, 1943). Oil and Gas J., 42, 39-40 , 41-2 (Julies, 1943). The principal properties of anhydrodS^drofluoric acid are given, in their rel tioAS&p to the probli of hand^j^ <gfea boat materials for construction of tainfcr^ and ban ns weliSea in equipment wdgjj/found, by laboratory and pilot plant tests'^ ope5scfi^^\ to be a thoroughly deoxidized steel. MS&Jroypy be use^^^the laboratory equipment. Copper is satiifhjltpry in certain "s and silver and platinum may be *Bp^rf5^*re con- struction ctisfactory materials are also msatiaaedV^eetails con- earning co: city of shipping containers uft S5rage vessels are given- oy^ftgydrous hydrofluoric add may bqka^cdmpllshad either by pressur h an inert gas or b^^mmplsSr types of pxnps and suits setmedk Welding is ind^Se3pE8r use wherever possible i^)nl^5astruction ere< of equipmei mended safety practices in cie: careful sel of action of premises and equipment, instructio ipl( e of certain articles of clothing made of or eoat .th vision of water for washing tools and automatic safety sto on first aid body principles similar to those given above- All to be used only as means of reducing injury and mitigating s e<s*e4Klng the arrival of a physician faml- liar with the treatment; ;ric bums- 313 Safety Precaut anufacturina Bg&adt News, 35 1943K ^ Safety o be used in storage tank tpling and testing are dl ,0.2. Starr, Jr. Nat. Petrol aim cessing operations, loading ted Compounds Precautions in Hand! lad. Med., 13, 110 aiuary, 1944)* precautions presented for handling chloro^nnp related chlorinated compounds are applicable al oro-diphenyl, and ions where analogous materials ora maployed. This group of synthetic has certain characteristic toxic properties, whose action causes a form, of ac ch is more widely dis tributed on the body than common acne- Preventive ks* are classified as mechanical and hygienic- The former consist of good gaping throughout the plant, an enclosed type of equipment, and Installation^ exhfcust ventlla- tion- Personal hygienic measures art those generally o ' may result from; exposure to toxic chemicals- Classes of where dermatitis iduals who should not be employed on thle work are listed- . 315 Germicidal Aerosols for Post War Air Conditioning? f.W. Hutchinson- Heat, k Vent., 4^ 56-60 (January, 1944). Present air conditioning processes are not noteworthy for their effectiveness in establishing pure and "fresh" indoor atmospheres- One proposed method of im proving this condition is through use of finely atomized mists of solutions hav ing pleasant odors and. bactericidal power. Develojment work on such germicidal aerosols has been accelerated as a consequence of the war and there is now a distinct possibility that such aerosols may become a standard part of post war air donditloning installations- -- Author's maaary* Industrial Sygiene Digest - 24 316 Ventilation *"& Atmospheric Pollution* Defense Ventilation and Air Conditioning Probits*. C*f. Toglou,. Chairman. American Public Health Assoc., Report of Com mittee. Am. J. Pub. Health. 33, 039-861 (July, 1943). For small workshops and factories that are ventilated by natural methods several types of blackout ventilators have been developed which obscure the outward pas sage of light without obstructing the air flow too much. Air conditioning of gun turrets aboard fighting ships has speeded up the firing rate by removing powder fumes and keeping the temperatures do Submarines and sick bays of surface ships $re now copied in tropical o overcome temperatures of 90 to 95F^ and <h6&dities approaching the s n point. Among the new development; -induets^al air .tioniag, hel&ndults system of ventilation which butea Sedition* at. ocitlee through smell conduits instei ducts. sC^s^pact fire caatrlfugal airwasher is being devei^g^i,'for decont cal war gases and mists by centri^ugnrcand counter- current was J. solutions* Complete bouse injQ^iSwi; including wall and roo ;ioi addition to weather strippiag*(i| Save as much as 60* of 317 Tl >.M. Kane. afs Assoc., Reprint 124-130 (1 Critical characterlst. the ease with which it earn tp ignited* Therefore the which magnesium dust may be foxmed must be provided with sui terns. The author describes such sys- terns in some detail for use ipal stages of fabrication of magne- sium castings, including , buffing and grinding, filing of stands and flexible shag ety precautions are recommended: (1) totally enclosed met) ) all equipment should be grounded; (3) a protective davtt^ajsfiould prevent ope unless the liquid flow is cor rect; (4) equiimwSrJtT magnesium sho6r^a:t ed for ferrous metals until cleaned; (Sl/THSsyra care should be cutting torches. The author the question of oil v_,^ _ collecting medium, point&tf^gSn their relative advantages, one to the exclusion of^4S6\hjwir, believing that the advantag ' c necessarily justl- additional expense. (This position ticised in the dlscus- n by C.C. Hermann, who considers the libe en when magnesium is red under water s definite hazard, and insl Hectors employing water should ba vented.) 318 Dirty Aprons and Floor Dust are Spotted as Silicosis H. Reuter. Ceram. Ind., 42, 54, 57 (February, 1944). This is a brief account of the control of silicosis hazS^d^y Buffalo Pottery Co. At the beginning of the survey the employees and tbel^^Lon were assured that silicosis is no cause for discharge, and that mild casea^f silicosis are not aggravated by conditions controlled within, on acceptable minimi*. After a thorough dust survey, steps were taken to rove the dust hazarde, including: (1) furnishing dean aprons daily; (2) daily scrubbing of floors; (3) machines to eliminate the hand batting-out operation; (4> wire gratings on finishing benches; (5) grated bench tops for special batting-out operations; (6) change of speed in exhaust fans; and (7) isolation of dusty processes. Industrial ^rglens Digest - 25 Industrial Medical Practice 319 Occupational Disease - The Approaches to an Adequate Study, J.G. Townsend. lad. Med., 1, 132-135 {February, 1944). . Tlie following are key points to coasjJftr in an approach to an adequate study of occupational disease situations^ J^^feve a sound workable program. (2) Be fsmi^fkr with all phases of woritf%^StMr plant. (3) Snow the occupational d^i law iiPTgnr jurisdiction. jUkPa^Sm the proper diagnostic tests. (5) data #nle ^he^uwmct ( 6) Record your observations. ( 7) case. Ts^Sae review the literature. (9) Cooperc (Withidhd en list the aa^:^ flgflriTscgKfeers and safety men in solving knotty^ ipRional dis ease probld^ ^7j\^^\ball with the local practitioner. - Trecapitu lation. ' ` * 320 m ;h hazards these are car motor vehicles and solvents and cleaning and furfural), and materi dustry. Ind. Safety Survey substitutes are discussed, use of producer gas both in Isas used as a fual, substitute , trichlorosthylene, carbon disulfide ture polishes and in the munitions in- sa Industrial Hygiene Public Health Service. 32 pp.(1943] This is a book of^i hotographs, pamphlets, posters and films y Public Eealt^^erV^ The photographs, dealing with hysical ezaminatieu. pi usekeeping, the fur felt hat fow other hazardous 0 reproduced in the book, as the posters. ed Woman Worker. Alabama State 'amary, 1944). The absentee rate for woman, which has been c is a problem of importance. A suggestion for tion of a maternal health program. Some reccmme of such policies are outlined. Hod., 13, 94-98 ghsr than that for men, this' problM is the adopns to guide the formation. > fr(S) 323 Factors in Reducing Industrial Absenteeism H.O. Executives Semce Bull. (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) 21. 3-4 (Novcmbe&^943). Served, Inc., when confronted with absenteolmt on convsrwJo war production, adopted a plan which does not inflict penalties on absenteout rather plans incentives and awards for "presentees." The plan ie substantially an attendance contest, with prizes to the individual with 6 months' and 1 year's perfect atten dance record, and plaquea to the departments with the beet attendance. The success of the plan is evidenced by the decrease in absentee rate from 10.02$ to 5.75)6 from April to July. Nutrition and recreation programs have aidsd in bring ing about success. 324 Freousncy and Duration of Disabilities Causing Absence from boric Among, tbs Ba- plovees of a Public Utility, 1938-1942. W.M. Gafafsr. Pub.Health Septs., 58, 1554-1560 (October 15, 1943). Absences on account of industrial injuries have increased during this period, while absences for non*industrial injuries here decreased. The swine! industrial Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 injury rates for females are consistently lower than the corresponding rates for sales, while their non-industrial rates are consistently higher. The five-year average for the masher of days per sale absence on account of industrial injuries is approximately 32 days, the corresponding average for females being 36. Non industrial injuries, show five-year averages of 11 and 14 days for Bales and fe males respectively. There is also shown a positive correlation between the move ment of the reapiratory disease rata and the rate for all sickness. It appears that for all the males as well as for tpa females the digestive diseases contri bute least to the- average annual amber of days absent per person; the respiratory group and the non-respiratory-noa-digejitive group, on the other hand, yield larger rates and are similar in aagaitude-Je3?(both sexes. 325 Sickness Abaenteelma Among laduatrfii Workers, Third On*T-tr of 1943. S. Public Health Service, (February, er absentee rates for 1943 with tht . few exceptions an increase for el longer on account of sickness Cfc*Lh-industrial , which is an increase of (f* jpfwr last year, greatest gain, asd tM dfgtftive the least, tory diseases is afiA&fucreaslng as It has since ve gains in rhMnt&s^dlseases, diseases of the irvous diseases buted to employment co some long employed, some the heartoCTAgwnerles, nephritis, bronchitis These increases are attri- Ing of youths tad older workers! eriatfc?5Shnd some excluded from the axned forces. overcrowding, migration 326 Absenteelma of Industri Michigan State Med. Soc. 42, 707_iSeptember7 1943) Court presents chapn trial wrkers. ^'nVw'ths increase analytes absenteeism among indusr&tes has been in respiratory diagnoses, thkloirab? major classifi remained about stable. From 1939 thrqdK&mtZ^ respiratory diffic the most frequent and the only^Kra&ixEg major cause of disabilit universal use of supple- maaaMRta&ins and the wide avallabill ts" does not seem to have >^#TOfr1&uch One of the charts shows : men tha time lost in ^^^42 from short teza sickness, serious tlonal accidents and Y&^Sccupational accidents. The relative unimpo at category is ob- ^ vious. Recent public statements by poorly Info erss&s have exaggerated the importance of industrial accidents by 1,000 per c ore* Another chart compares the stable rate of serious sickness among Jtotors factory worx- era, with a sharp increase in short term absentee! has occurred among these workers*. An analysis of this rapidly increaslng^^t team absenteeism shows that the workers thAselves give personal sickness ^^he reason for con- attendance in about two thirds of all cases, with sickness <j0>ther members of the family and other personal needs asking up the remainder.^* When this short term personal absence (alleged to be ooatly sldosss) la analyzed day by day it ia found that it is heavily concentrated on Saturdays and Mondays* These days average about twice the lost time rate that is shown on payday eaoh week. Thus it appears that the type of absenteeism which is currently most disturbing - that is, short term absenteeln - is usually attributable to slekaese which reaches epidemic proportions around the week end*. Another striking fact about personal lost time is that absenteeism is concentrated song a few workers wbo compose a chronic fringe baring more than thsir share of time off* One obvious character istic is tha relative youth of the group* A pleat physician may be able in an Industrial Sygiene Digest - 27 Important number of casts to hslp offset sobs reorientation of tbs individual's understanding of his job or his boos problems which will ssabls bio to cops bsttsr with t&oss temptation* which lead to excessive "weak and sickness" and related type* of absence* 327 Psychoscmatlc Medicine and the General Practitioner* G.H. Stevenson. Canad. Med. Assoc. J., 49 , 488-492 (Decber, 1943). Tha author classifies psychic features in disease as follows: (1) delirious states (psychoses) due to toxemias affecting the brain; (2) delirious states due to organic brain disease; (3) delirious states due to constitutional predisposi tion, acted on adversely by envlrons^wal stresses, and (4) mental factors com-, plica^lag or in part causing, aqt^fcLpJfrsical disease. Each class is then divi<4e> with moat attention givatQfc psychoneuroses which cose under the class^-Their ^rartment cafldSwts essentially of finding and removing th<^ al fact^M^th^m^ggra^^na'toent of physical aspects. PsychDtb^Rnyrfually simple 3^i^estion<^i(fte^H. to be well must be developed in patid5fcSSfl8d must be aroused^b^amraCSwlnlte persuasion, example end one* 328 The Psycnia Sept The ^fefeMa^rist'^hhs been , ieace tbs pdybhj.at ilSn to tbs current "------tm factors which inft have a bearing on his the psychiatrist will able adviser to those organization of the c -1 Organisation. As. 7, 286-287 ,ng his part in activities. On the ad- feel boun ue his special contribu- e. With a closer grasp of the industrial worker, and which and of solidarity with his fellows, his individual patient and a more valu- on to mould the industrial end social 329 Ths Care of Non-Oc 13, 129-130 ( _ 1944). When wart ons make it access turn to medical department ment its Industrial physic clan-patient relationship, be rented to the physician for tl time when the physician is not on duty' whether treatment is pert of industrial medic) the physician* A. McCaualond. Ind. Med., their families to personal Illnesses nanage- treat patients on a pri ot the plant medical ^errice should be given Ths question as to t be determined by 330 Health for Your Workers* A Yardstick for Measuriasjfailth Services in Your Plant, Committee on Industrial Health, Health Advisory Couabii>)Chsmber of Ccnaerce of the Dnited States*. 9 pp* No date* This is an industrial self-evaluation fora for the use of^jwslness concerns tost want to determine for thnselves the adequacy of thslr heh$)care, or are plan ning to inaugurate or expand their health prognms* It is wt a questionnaire and is not intended for return* A space for yes', no and remarks is provided for each question considered* for instance, the first point is physician, full time, part time, or on call, yos or no for eaoh- Sections A, Personnel and B, quarters and Equipment, are not scored, but a score is provided in Section c, Health Activities and Sarvices* 331 Precision Necessitates fitness - A Medical and Suralcal Service and a Vision Program. H.C* Gardiner and C.O. Sappington. Ind. Med*, 138-142 (Feb.,1944*. The evolution of a standard Industrial medical and surgical service in a modem precision Industry is described briefly, supplemented by illustrations of layout, equipment and forms* In this establlslnent, because of the nature of the and the necessity tor visual fitness, jfche ylsyl^rogge^ devaluedfwithia^ ear, Industrial $rgiene Digest - 28 332 An Industrial Medical Department - Organization and Administration. M,H.Manson. lad. Med., 12, 846-861 (December, 1943). Information Is presented relative to the amount of floor space, equijmeut and. operating costs for a medical office in a plant employing approximately 1900 workers. The size of the Industrial medical staff depends upon several factors* which are described. The phase of administration considered is the matter of selection of the director - whethor he should be a physician or a layman. The relationships of the industrial physician with management, employees, the legal department, the employment and safcts^lpartaents, and organized labor are also exp^d' 333 Pre-&moynent |^^tnatjQgaj^Siiau^g findings at Douglas Aircraft. Calif >^0reutarj^MfeU> 38^186^164 (Sootmaber. 1943) . The exawwv^tlon of^^w^^miwant embraces a "strip" physical, in pelvic exaninatic^f^r aigtfSgwSuirried females. Smears are taken w cated. Special eye\^xamkSTi^^for visual acuity, Keystone testi or testing, using standagvaStsKs rttn&charts are performed. A rout chest X-ray is otilar ureas where indice^A, Nfc#outine Kahn blood test, jHBmj7bis\^K blooafcL count is made. AurfOnsls is complete for all be spc3iflcUy\ordered on faB^Up^Qjfflifled and limited em- has been mil ut< rej action, <k5k^ s^onsequent decrease in rej ee Due considers ls the /fihppy^reated by employing such eg in- dividual, as well as jsonau/&rjvtQJcupatiott offers. General cliMlcal observations are ema upon* It la felt that this system eon- tributes an izportani ng keep workers on the job and to lessen the hours of lost productio 334 Records, the "Seeing 1-35 (January, 1944) The author discnSramCSShical records tails of of use. The genar^ in two al^aj^w. "make the individual not Accuracy and simplicity ever, is in the numerous reprod almost every industrial medical W.J. Pulton. lad. Med., 13. standpoint and, in many dathe records is sumarized " and "records to use The chief value of the fozms end records The Pre-Baployaent Physical zacs&tnation. State Med. J.. 39, 350 (April, 1943). " The plant physician must be thoroughly familiar wtwjii types of work done in the establishment, and with the physical requirementStfpfgthese positions. By using a complete fom with special attention to those particularly apply ing to a job, it is possible to place employees in work'SeiS^ suited to their abilities and to reduce the number of unnecessary rojectic 336 Pitfalls in Oocun*<*a*i Disease Digno*ia- P.A. Davis. Ohio State Med. J., 227 337-338 (April, 1943). The greatest pitfalls in diagonals in occupational disease are found when there is absence of knowledge of the substances in question. In avoiding pitfalls a differential diagnosis must be made, and all data possible must be obtained to substantiate the diagnosis. The author discusses many of the newly developed hazards, and industrial causes of dermatitis, which is the occupational disease which seems to lead in frequency, especially in war industries. By following a definite procedure, such as the one suggested by tbs author, he feels that pit falls in diagnosis may be kept to a minima. Industrial Hygiene Digest. - 29 337 The Periodic Examination of Workers in Non-Toxio Chemicals. G.M. Woldie. lad. Mad., 13, 126-128 (february, 1944). Periodic examinations of writers in non-toxic clunicqls era an important feature of any industrial medical program. The frequency and the procedures of these examinations are not subject to standardisation, but the more thorough the examin ation end. the less protracted the interval between examinations, the greeter the benefit to employees end maployer. The fruit of the periodic examination is the use made of its findings. S&ployees should be advised of the results of the ex amination, and should bo urged to secure medical assistance in the correction or the improvement of physical defects*>*Ehiployees cannot be permitted by their neglect of their physical deficiendSfe to jeopardize the safety of their fell( written or become hazardous to<4^aseCTes or to their wployers.--Auttor* s 336 The aaa^T^po "Whenere^usually c Iterated of the group oj clous anemia, they are sot industri the patients aey perfo other workers. The ext location of the plant; of the practicing phy Illness and Injury of Uncertain (Occn- . Persia. Xnd. Med., !, 130-13] 44) . doubt as to the source of a it is occupational in origin," is a prind ted and re- eference is made to a class of/ vho, because admitted into Indus oftan cose to the aints that are ,of fear, apprehension and persons must zed and treated judicious- ng chronl end renal diseases, diabetes, tre he industrial physician, though .senses require does supervising that id not bacoma hazards to tbwselvee and latment is given depends upon: Ths personnel available, and the assistance la. 339 The Periodic 124-126 ( 1944) The authored! losses a nisber of asps improvement in habit in the examiner* The bene ntioned in similar discussio concern for their health, beyond the physician's success. L.B. Clinton. Ind. Med., ng physician's experience, of the workers arising from ner himself is a point not attention to workers and examination, is necessary An Effective Preventive Medical Progam at an ad Industrial Plant. E.W. Probet and L.D. Lewie. lad. Mad., 13, , 1944). The physiological effects of specific chmaicals oi iduals could not be followed because of rapid personnel transfers and operational changes, Using ths Youlger system, excessive toxic exposures an discovered through abnormal scores. These discoveries led to improTweni he working enviroa- sent and manufacturing methods. Systemic affects hats bcaMVolded by removing individuals developing abnormal blood pressure scores* - Authors*' sumary. 341 The Place of Dentistry in Industrial Health Programs. L.D. Seacock. Ind. Med., 12, 672-6BO (October, 1943). The realization that non-occupatlonal diseases end illnesses cause by far the greater percentage of absenteeism, with the consequent production and economic loss, is resulting in greater attention being paid to these conditions of ths worker's health. Many of the non-occupationol diseases and some of the more serious nutritional deficiencies may be recognized by their oral manifestations, and also the industrial dentist oust be qualified to reoognlzs and record.ss welie treat, mouth lesions resulting from over-exposure to industrial hazards. Incus- trial dental programs are discussed aad methods suggested for providing dental services. - Industrial %giene Digest - 30 342 Proprs* for the Hand!cawed. R.W. Znmons. Manpower Rev., l^, 13-16 (Jan. ,1944). The article relates the accomplishments of the O'.3. Ikployment Service in Ohio in placing handicapped verifiers. The total ntmher placed in the first 11 months of 1943 was 12,016. Out of the total nisaber of registrants for Aployment, 12* of the males and 3* of the females had some physical impairment. About one* fifth of these were skilled workers. With careful selection of the workers for the jobs, their work has been very generally satisfactory. Their attendance records have been at least as good as those of other workers. A thorough search is being made for possible addition ~ dicapped workers who are not now regiatered, 343 Mat&ifrl for ffar^teroduced. Sudd. Domestic Coamerce. (D.eaflftf& J.94$L/L A brief considerable amount of war jrigttyttyg produced by blind gner-O'Day Act direotlng FederalNuj^rtments to buy cartel blind. In sewing* a safety/f&aitafcd* from parts of a confts ine protects the operator* sv^ajofrem contact with the need device can probably be <^Mnded to other machinery, pS!h^^a^frco blind workers haviraisnjAned seeing workers, example. A jrtmpent coanitteo is in charge of war matoKB& is being studied. * 344 Placing the Ptorsi Med., 13^ 120-122 (Feb i E.L. Heed. Ind. The study covered 2,690 a plant in a labor short hired between March 1 and July 1 at nisber 291, more than 10*, were physi- cally handicapped. Pe workera who were still on the job at the and of six aomMLSs^pre, UkJtBSi* ut equal to those for the entire group which IndicsKw^hat thcse^wployee t for seme categories, are cap- able of perfoau^hs work aasigned/Sosvthi staying on the job. A discus- aion is j^ifiger^oblAa asaociatedWyuthe yment of the various groups, with the importance of the<\<iwine_of directors in helping these vat of Physically Handicapped. once Co. Pamphlet, p. (August, 1943). first section, entitled "Keynotes" gives qtiotetlonaa nusher of author ities showing the desirability of hiring physlealfirckandifefppwA workers. In a special note for i--1.1 plants, it is pointed out thitjAth the moall number of physically handicapped Aployed at a stall plant, tbf^mhlA can be handled sat isfactorily by direct consultation with plant maaagAe^pfgrAen and outside medical adTioe where needed. Familiarity with coding syd^Sia will be necessary. Under the heading "Principles and Mechanics of the Plant PSmjal," the word "placement* is used instead of employment in connection wlt^jpaainations, otc. It is not of much assistance to prepare a list of jobs in advance, but each appli cant must be considered on an individual baals. A typical report fom is shown as a suggestion far handling clear-cut disability cases* Details of the use of such foms especially for the placement officer, ere given, Motes follow on the estimation of physical defects taken individually. In the discussion of "The Insurance Aspect,* the Aployer's fears for reeponsiblity for a second accident, art allayed by showing that in Massachusetts only 5 awards for such cases were aade in one year, and that a higher rate is charged, to cover such cases. In conclusion tht desirability of rehabilitation clinics in all industrial centers la urged. Industrial Bygiant Digest - 31 346 Jobs for Handicapped Veterans. Anonymous* Kill fc factor?. 33, 93-95, 244-246 (October* 1943). Handicapped Tttirau returning from the war are being amployed by many large Detroit plants, and there is every reason to believe that the maber eaployed will be au^iented as the supply increases. Vlth few exceptions they are proving to be highly satisfactory employees* Out of their experience they bring to their work an attitude that has a salutary effect on the morale of fellow workers* Ho special consideration is given these workers - they aro given real jobs aM are treated as regular employees. 347 Penl&liin and ProygnidiFui in tninatlon of Hemolytic Streptococci .ococci *M. Clark^amd o^frs* Lancet, ^ 605 (May 15, 1943). Cl: hi: >datei out that tha predominant part played bn, lytic^BdBtoci aphylococcus in interfering with bums perfect means for preventing and coMraeUS^. infec- tlon by Sulfanilamide is not quite the ide^fc^sirc for this purpose, led ponicillin in tho form, of aT&wfiPto 34 bums and scalds la- st< hsaling. In 41 of the wapde^^B*) the streptococci disappe^ did not reappear. Ijf&^he strains which promptly dis*a|4gt*d wei .nsensi4 ths sulfonnnidqS^ wars no cases is which syxTln appei effect* StaottBoeppci also disappearad quickly ^ many of the was raatdTwS^no toxic effects ware observed. Propamidine was appl] _ the/raao|(M(\ga^mI (0.1$) to 34 similar burns* ferno- lytic streptococci disSjr trod dt^usKvr'day* from 21 of the wounds (62$). They persisted in. 8 case at with propmdine* Of these, 3 lost their streptococci prompi later treated with penicillin* Healing was not quite so rapid feicU&h. Ho toxic effects were observed. Coll- form bacilli, Proteus Ps&dp&Dnas pyocyanea, when present in the wounds, were app< b^wtoer agent* 348 Conduct of >Aid Boca In a Sab?l< ! Jam 5* are given as to locatira*. first aid rooms* Activttie) chad upon* Sprague. Ind. Had., 13, 50-51 xjnd stock of msdicines re id limitations of the nurse be Problem of Fractures with Associated nciples of Treaoaent. D.C. Bodenhm. Proc* Boy* Soc. Had*, 36, 657^6 Oct^fca?, 1943). The author presents some information collected thewyal Air Force for the benefit of shipyards sad other industries, where a combination of injuries may easily occur. Cases should be rapidly transpo a fully equipped bospi- tal* For prevention of infection* sulfonamide (pref sulfathlQ2ole) should be applied with firm pressure bondage* 350 Bums* C.C. Lund* Hhodo Island Med. X.* 197-200 (0c , 1943). The author discusses the fundamentals of first aid end let treatment for bums. Ha recommends a simple bland ointment such as petrolatum or boric add ointment for first aid* and gives the four essential requirmonta for treatoent as pre vention of pain* prevention of infection* optima conditions for rapid healing, and minlna disability during and after treatment* A bibliography is included. 351 Adequacy of Industrial Lunch and Use of Brewer's Yeast as a Supplsmant* C.A* Heller* C.M* McCoy aad-C.8. Lyon. X. Nutrit., 2$, 385-390 (October 11, 1343). The meals served worker# in one cafeteria in the Brooklyn Havy Tard have been, sampled for ths deteaULnation of riboflavin* niacin and thiamine* Ths soon meal usually furnishes at meat only one-fourth of the day's requirmunts for these Industrial Hygiene Digest - 32 vitamins, and the morning meal cannot be expected to furnish any more unless eat* ins habits are sued improved. Dry brewer's yeast has provided a satisfactory method of supplementing the supply of these vitamins, usually incorporated in the food in amounte snail enough so that the taste was act detected. The yeast, in addition, affords antotber good source of protein. 332 A Practical Program f<w rhman Rehabilitation. H.A. Vonachan. Ind. Med., 12, 807-310 (December, 1943). The "Peoria Plan" for rehabtlitatiwfSlLthe cirilian and military handicapped wasvdfgonized by^the Caterpillar*^*^TM? Co* After its success was assured, V'Uany employers in the area have or, y handicapped. Some points of the ected immediately before the ra consists of cooperation be cial, Por- Divisions* and Supervisors, ation of handicapped persons s ey of Jobs clarified. could be changed* ( 6) "Igfc ne; " cases.will ~ It is the expert# absentee he Caterpillar Tractor physically handicapped 353 Better Nutrition in PI Extant Can the Industrial Medlfeal Department Contribute* Med., ^3, 128-129 February, 1944) Numerous surveys have a erase American working man and woman does not eat adequately* The e^that the success or failure of the plant nutrition program. depondp&ifiafl^Shiff shown by the medical department. In the plant with which^shKgnlSer i^epnn the medical department Inspects the cafeteria about onp^rSpoSth, wimfsani sal of waste is checked, as are also the propen^&rigo of food and general iness. Cafoteria employees aro czaminedp^pM^ year* The menu^S'Q 1 and nutritious foods or8 sug- gested.^^tu^Ravlsed that some refe n pre-employment examination fozns^nxS^ lead to correction of wro s. The physician should .se the progrom of education usiforteoeters, bulletins and ___ Effect of Diet on Toxic Agents. 425-426 (December, 1943). The effective protection against toxic agents`by _ constituents has been demonstrated for a variety of compounds* In a racentjfceper it has been shown that TOT poisoning is most severe la rats when the Sei^s high In fat and less on a carbohydrate diet, while moderate mounts of Bff'Nbgpsfce fsd with a protein diet without say signs of illness. These results camot^> jtly related to man. but avsilabls reports show less incidence of THT poil^^g in the United States than in England, and it is suggested that either industrial hygienic condi tions are better here, or that the diet of Americans is more adequate, or both* 355 Group Feeding m Small Plants - Observations on Bcw and Why* P.J. Undenreod tad others. IndT Med*. 13* 160-170 (february* 1944). The wisdom of providing food for Aployee* is generally recognised by industrial management. A plan which could be adapted to the needs of sllsr plants is presented, step by step* 1) Provide a dean, cheerful space where aployees soy eat their lunches, (this space may also be utilized for group meetings, recrea tion, etc*). 2) Where convenient, vending machines may be used to supplmaent *.s iwricer' a lunchhox and to fill the requlnaents of supplementary feeding periods. 3) Employment of a dietitian or home economiet who has specialized in institu tional feeding. 4) The establishment first of a canteen at one end of the lunch Industrial Hyglens Digest - 33 room which, will progressively supplent and replace the worker's lunchbox. This service should grow 1a responsa to employee needs and requests and la more live ly to succeed if developed in this manner. 356 Diabetes an<LIajurv. W.A. Bishop. J.Iad.jJyg.m To*., 26, 55-60 (rebruaT7>1944). Under present condltloAS serious considerations must be given to the question of OTployoeat of diabetics in industry. Diabetics should be employed if they can be properly placed, controlled sad supervised. Uncontrolled diabetics are a menace to thsmselvos and others. Bfiostes is due to decreased function of the> islands of Longerhand. Diabetad^hnin caused by traiaa only when the irdi^V degree, and this occurs very rarelj ed by shock or notional strain except severe emotional, or psychic shock, shed from diabetes, and presence of s^^n^sugar does Glycosuria stay result from hoad or naflwr^fijuriea. In- y nay, by greatly reducing muscd& imh burning power, worse* or assist latent diphets^Jo^become manifest, Infections do sot qsraediaSetea, but frequently Often the diaeasflrirage fully controlled to niCtix^ctioA, asd wjwg^rfc* infection is controlled, the >etic state re * ^'^raer levmfeT\ifa drugs have no deleterious srfset oa diabetics eaVtnV^w^coAtrol of infection as in aan^dia- betice. -- Author's 357 Electronics 1a the Study 17, 112-117, 338-340 Psychophyaiological indirect diagso elude use of cults that * lables, C. Sheer ond J.G. Lynn. Electronics. promising electronic instrument for ion cases. Technical features ln- ornntiating circuits and trigger sirtims-exls recording of 20 var- let Radiation In thw Trafl-ftaan^A ces. Ind. Med., 13, 50 iJanuary. Tra-nolet radiation In the treatment 'value. Supplcataiy measures are also Cuttl] believed to be of At. * 359 Tuberculosis Case finding: Probl^s in Indus Mlale. Ind. Med., 12, 602-606 (September, 194317 The Queenjboro Tuberculosis and Health Association'll Department of Health cf the City of 9m York, and the Queens County Medical prevent rise of tuberculosis rate in this country, pi tire industrial plants as a tuberculosis csss finding in an attempt to a plan to E-ray en _ A worker was to 1} act as a promotion agent, contacting management sad lafi^ 2) make all necess ary technical arrangements with plant medical department sad personnel heads as to fhcllltles seeded oad educational measures of movies, lectures, and litera ture. A portable X-ray unit is used taking 100 to 125 films per hour. All In dividuals wtose paper X-ray reveals significant sbnoimsl changes are referred to a consultation chest clinic. Through a chest specialist, rec<aanrttiona are made as to whether or not the individual should be permitted to continue working. The fee for the paper X-ray is one dollar, consultation service le two dollars, and the entire sim is absorbed by the firm* It is believed that a similar proce dure can be economically incorporated into an already sound plant medical program, as a means of dstexmining physics! disabilities ong new and prospactlve employ ees as wall as those already ployed. Largs industries have foud that the in vestment pays. Loss of time due to 111m" is decreased, and the productiveness Industrial Sygiene digest - 34 of the xployeee as a unit is increased* A complete program of tuberculosis case finding* cad its proper and just disposal between employer and ployee,laa been carried out in fire plants* 360 annloyability of the Tuberculous - A Yardstick for JudrAaff Placaaent and Super* vision. Tf.L. Ritter and 1.7f. Dugger. lad. Med., 13, 37-38 (January, 1944). A classification of tuberculous infections is given, which aay be used as a stan dard in placing or rejecting applicants who are tuberculous. Special considera tions are given concerning aaployees^jSb work in an area where silica dust is present* Adequate medical supervfcsgltyjw not to be neglected. The^^juc.Ugde^orty-fir^e^ft^^acsBent in Industry. W.S. Priest. 12. '' '` * ` ' The two fe most cosnonly encountered under cussed, Cases are' and atteati change in t stop in the that workers suffering cardiac 1m: are bonest .more time than the average for dicapped. A worianea's compensation iM^jAffed as a necessary of eaployera to hire acar The writer sums up than placement of eoa: cardiacs in industry Is ^thro\_ intelligent .oyer and id^atri ilclaa ci< social agency ;ieal ihs and cooperative effort and the attending- phyti- i 362 The Significance of Risii N.S. Dane. Ind. Med., ^2, 738-39 Hovxber, 1943) Xt is stated that there is >sure to- toxic choalccls in low concen- tratlons that can be ei Lpod pressure. In the author's opin- ion, this sign is oj offactive, and ha attempts to jua- tify his stand* QtaATjtc.czoT3 wt Lood pressure changes similar to ttose caused bydnMm to chwaicals/ A "blood pressure score* and an "index of<Arrajcxory balance" hai pad to give axi-quantitative estisiates^m>ae worker's condition. jested at sufficiently fre- quent^fr^Qals are of grant significant ,ered to be essential if diseases are to bo prevented .th and absenteelx are iducod to- a alnlsna. te Visual la Modern Industry*. H.5* is Med. X., 32, 286-289 (October, 1943). Industry now demands an ophthalmologist who on ent a plant makes himself familiar with the different patterns of the work, J spatial relationships* and sots up standards for selection and plaoxest of ees. Ha must find lines of activity where workmen more or less affected blindness can work efficiently with proper regard for their safety and plant. He has to study the nature of close work, must advantage of the tlve condi tions, and must know how to rehabilitate inefficient workers.^ He must also con sider glare factors and note when general conditions cause eye fatigue. Among other conditions the Comlttee on Industrial Ophthalmology has agreed on acuity tests for appraising the visual skill of xployee# os applied to the specific visual demands of eaoh plant. The Committee's survey includes also distance acuity with and without glasses, color discrimination, busole balance for dis tance and near, storeopsis, and the deteadnetlon of near points for the right and the left eye and for both eyee together* - 364 Eve Manlfoetatlons of Bead Injuries* D.J.Lyle. X.AJI.A. ^23,873-79 (Dec*4,1943). The author dlscussos a sumbor of forme of heed injuries end their effect on the eye. Including concussion, contusion, laceration, expression, and cerebral hxorrhage* Industrial ^gien* Digest . 35 365 gfljwtg Keratoconjunctivitis. A.7. Bedell. N.Y. State 7. Med., 43, 2049*2094 iHbvmrter 1, 1943). The author describes tbs symptoms and course of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis with special phaais and consideration of the comeel infiltrates and changes. Six cases are discussed. The opinion is strongly expressed that this is not an occupational disease, and that it is found in industry only because there one together a large collection, of individuals of varied susceptibility. No treat* meat has succeeded in preventing the corneal infiltrates. There is as yet no specific cure. During the acute stadb the patient must be kept from work both for occupational hazards to him^elr^apause of temporarily impaired vision, >f exposure of othdfcSnrfira. The end results nay be in end* 366 At pros* junctirttJ cases has dsns wl toco; from 5 to 12 dayf^ cold comprasass and E.C. Bach. Wisconsin Med. J., Mia)(9fer. .19431. Milwaukee area ever a thousand ceawSfc5ratocon- t to realize that tbs source of fttknoa in many rat-aid rooms in plants and tt?*th$efflc*s of physi- ess of this disease was set resized. Spldemlc kera- , asd usually only. It is char- a, swelling of wrngpoaal lymph nodes, and sub cities inc^&h. tifrnaa. Tbs incubation period items Mild treament, including >in give the best results* (References.) 367 Sstiaation of Percentage] 15, 37-90 (October, 1943) The author presents a medico-legal cases, can Medical Assoc: H.A. Carter. 7. Acoustical Soc. Am*, jatfmd^a* the percentage lose of hearing for by interested sections of tbs Ameri in a Shipyard; moad TJriaonfald. ca Med. Bull., 1, 21-29 (Octo- berrt covers a period of 13 months. slag burns of the exter- .tory canal which were treated, % ondary oztornal otitis, no permanent disability ensued in any were the subject in 12% of the cases* Middle ear disease foil sudden and intense noise, and expoauro to irritant inhalations or )StlO of temperature, pres sure, or him&dlty. Acoustic trauma if present ignificant degree will re- suit in occupational deafness. Therapy is net eft so long as exposure cca- tinues. Bar plugs are an important measure in prev They eliminate the foreign body sad atmospheric concussion hazard aad exceesiva intensity of sound to laaoououn lsvalj. An idesl ear plug has ad been prepared, Tubotynpanic catarrh#.which occurs with aodarata firoq? be prevented by avoiding excessive and rapid changes of t a shipyard, may ture; pressure. and humidity and by instituting adequate suction ventilation systems which will eliminate irritant inhalationa. 369 Women in Industry: A Study of 135 Women Markina as Riveters in the Aircraft In dustries. W.C. Bradbury and C.&.S. Brans. Calif. * Vast. Med*, 99, 119-121 (August, 1943)* This is a preliminary report of a study of 139 riveters with pelvic complaints. With the exception of 9 cases, there was dofinite evidence of previous pelvic pathology before eaployment as a riveter. The authors: believe that a good num ber of manpower hours can be conserved by adequate pre-placsment examination of women workers* This, however, has its obvious difficulties, though of good scientific merit. Industrial I^rgiens Digest - 36 3TO Part-Time teplo^nent of Women in Wartime.- D.3. Dept. of Labor, Women's Bureau, Special Bull., No. 13. (Juno, 1943} Part-time employment of women is reconaoaded as a measure of utilizing the ser vices of women not arail&ble for full-time jobs* It provides os answer to local labor shortages; a Beans of increasing production without extending the tours of the working week; a means of meeting essential civilian requirements; and a prac tical method of offsetting absenteeism Working conditions standards must be maintained, and the wage scale should be comparably maintained* Development of community facilities to meet thejfwU of the employed woman, including adeq\ provision for child care, lauxkriSMLg^m&rketing, shopping, and other tousej dnu4* is recascaded as jm. iatSmtive necessityty. 371 .nts of Women in the BgploaiVos lad Varney; fc-124 (February, 1944). Satisfac with women workers is attributed three factors: (1) The and placement of workers* ]jk6tory working con- ditions iste lighting; proper correct seating, adj_.___ the worker and a at periods* (3) Adapting f opo' Individual. C workers ore related to causes, if pdsiitle careful co n is given to these, with ad- and treatment*^ >eing subject of oeeupatlonsl aenorr- hagla, which many suf oe caused by standing at work tor long periods. The aut opJ tSat these oasts usually occur in women, who have pre-existing or other types of dlsease* . 372 Which Jobs for Yo a.^ACTlsorr Standards for the Aircraft Industry U* S. Department of tu, Pamphlet, 12 pp* (Hbvember, 1943)7 Available on re thai A general claMTi^ion of occupa aircraft industry is made, with a discusaion-e^^Mfr suitability fd tors o^a0&asiflcatl0n are phys danaaMttBMachinery and health ha id 9 unsuitable Jobs are gt .y safe departments are the tool m T84 The obvious determining facrequired, exposure to mechanical J For instance in welding 7 . agxni those factors. Among the paiiu&mp, wing, center section, vtifl and fuselage assembly, final eiv&dtfStad packing, electrical 'radio, instrument assmably and upholstery* occupations generally unsuitable include tbs dope room, draw-bench opegatloW^Zfcaodlzlng, heat treat ing, degreasing, foundry, wood shops (where poiw'machinery is used) and flight ramps- There are exceptions to the general rule^nunearly every department. For machine shop work, reference is made to Mo. 7 of fMjume series* Care in the selection of supervisors for young persons, instruct|g*af their foremen in the limitations of their work, and tbs wearing of distinctfff^edges are recosmended. 373 Problems of Sight Work* L. Taleky. Ind* Usd., , 736-Sovsber, 1943). ~ The hman body undergoes a 24-tour cycle in many functions, including tmnperaturo pulse, blood pressure, respiration, o^gea and carbon, dioxide exchange, blood picture, and others* Tbs tmaperature cycle is simplest to follow and is probably Indicative of the complete biological cycle. Most of the paper, deals with the effect of changes in tours of work on the body temperature cycle, including the author* a experiments and those reported in the literature. In general vnrking at other periods than normal daytime tours produces an inversion of the cycle, i.e. a maxim's tsperature in the early morning instead of lato afternoon. How ever, the noxaal cycles and changes in cycles vary greatly according to the in dividual, the nature of the work and other factors. From the study of tempera ture cycles end demonstrated effects of night work, the author concludes that: (1) continuous night work is u&hsalthful and decreases psodustlon; (3) shifts Industrial Hygiene Digest - 37 should be rotated lass frequently thun weakly, at least at four weak intervals; (3) the night shift should ha arranged so that one shift covers the whole night period, further research on the subject is an urgent need. 374 Tgxicity_o* 'Tatwig Acid: Sroerlacntal Investigation. G.B. Cameron, R.P,Milton and JYtf. Allen, lancet. 2, 179 (August 14, 1943). Cameron and his associates report an^dperisental investigation into the toad* ,c add and the ehances o ihout the fate of tannic sorption from burned areas. Some er itleaches the circulation is giv sed with he bchevtq rabbltaj) guln ic add. Experiment* have been c< and rats, 290 animals being used fferent flxae but one sample vgsjmciAxen^ror fhls sample contained about 20 galli^SjW^Abe evidence that In aaimala tannic cKbim&s injurious ories and possibly on thd bondfinujpef. After the in- of tannic add directly IMo tw'blood stream or largo. the us tissues, anlaaMQnr centrolobular necrosis In. 1 sous tissue pexmeebllitvjra}^gtxage of plasma into the and occasloiaUf jvfto lungs* and leufcocytosls. tlos of a r of aciddSNuttnisauss, aa by subcutaneoua in* Jaction, lead to cost abac gogiiMounts into the blood and a- ter lous Intoxication* T es may also be followed by abeorption of tannic add. With lat continuous bathing of the liver cells with blood containing In taage and dsttruetlos of certain tissues* The injurious buted to gallic add, which is rapidly removed from orated In large amounts. Tbs authors point out that t >tic< treatment of buns comes from the experiaentei|Jjtb^'Caution must applying to man without dls- criminatioa/Anc^nons reached by s. They recognize that the ultlttro^lcislon for or against method must coos from human and they note that evident cxnuiatlng which suggests t for critical revision of this t Disease Sducatlon in Industry. X.E* Cleveland. anndian "Pu'b. He"alth!., ^ 494-901Th By sponsoring an Industrial Health Woak, the Vi or Board of Trade dis trlbuted over half a million pieces of liters* hed 190,000 Mployed per- sons receive booklets relative to venereal diseased the well planned program of educating industrial groups through public eado; a, newspaper comments, postera, end publicity* it is hoped that seme lasting and beneficial effects have corns about* 376 Baergencr Miniata v**ion Standards* ff.S. Public Healt^oervice* Pub. Health Rents*. 56. 1793-1BE3 (December 10. 1943). These standards constitute the third edition of the Sanitation Coda for State or Local Adoption* The use of the word maergenoy Id the present code takes account of the fact that under wor conditions.the best materlil may not be obtainable* The Standards deal with nil phases of public sanitation, including as the main headings* water supplies; sewage and industrial wastes and excreta disposal; milk and milk products; frozen desserts; eating and drinking establishments; swimming and bathing places, refuse, garbage, rubbish and ashes; sanitation of habitable buildings; tourist and other camps* ( rypff OUwh, 1944) Absentee! 329*329-326 >ng women workers3&2 statistic* Aset*a 324 Halts of flaamability 307 Air analysis acrylonitrile 294 298 carboa disulfide 299 cyanides 293 Air disinfection aerosol Aalnothi toadcity Ammonia poiao axparlnental Anhydrous hydrofj acid Anthr&coai Uq'ng>--------------- n Aabseta 290-291-292 ' aad tuberculosis 288-289 Aatlna. industrial 259 Bagasse dmt pnsiaoconlosis from 284 Bamane i*a Homologuss toxicity 281 Blood treasure index of axposure Book reviews and 233-234-235 Brucellosi Bums ^ ^ caamfiiet^fc'by frac- 349 Jillin and props- 'midint 347 skin 390 Butadiene safe practices 313 Cadmium palely 262 Carbon disulphide literatura alas* 1992 280 Carbon monoxide doaaatic appliances 261 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning epidemic 270 review of literatures69 dust control Chloro-waxsa synthetic . Dentistry in industry 318 314 341 Dematitia 249 comantle* 247 from tear gae 244 humoral tra&s&isslo&248 oils 246 prevention 290 ultra-violet treatment 358 Diabetes urr 356 toglcold# 279-276 Lnee >lllng carbon 'monoxide it measurement ` Lead poisoning at bleat fumacae In ship repair treafeent Light affacta heat 9 hmidity Magnesium duet control fire extinguishers Medical control . occupational disea prevention Medical servi 311 265 266 260 ^nation of 297 Ssarisg fo^^pgnosla yps, ^ in surgical dressing manufacture 310 Metal powders flonablllty end as* plosibUity '242 Methyl bromide 273 Methyl chloride * substitute for freon274 Mine fen signals 308 Minors la aircraft indus try. suitable jobs 372 industrial^ <s shipyard <agpfcle lose aeaaur^cnt Nitrate explosives determination of Noise control 295 309 Heart disease Industrial ~ lob placmaent airplane motor test- Heat exposure 254 weight loea Haura of labor health aspect# 37S^ and toxic agents industrial plan 354 353 Hydrocarbons, chlorinated rAO plants 355 toxicity 283 disease Industrial health moci SU 336 evaluation 330 study 319 Industrial hygiene educa Sweden 320 tion 32t ftyhehalma]^gy Industrial medicine in industry 363 medical records 334 Particle else measurwaonta Keratoconjunctivitis 365-366 LeaA alloys* toxicity 267 chromate,toxicity 264 hazards* in soldering operations 268 301 the PUargraph 300 Patch testing limitations 249 Peptic ulcere end asternal traima 243 Petroled solvents (Over) oeeu9dle cases 277 Index - 2 Physical nations techniq.ua 337*339 Physicians responsibility 338 ' ' Pneumoconiosis in coal aines 283 Pnaunonia shipbuilding industry 252 Poison try preventiYafc^^ 2y, Pre-aaployaen^8laa t^aa . Psychiatry in industry Psychosomatic medi 327 Radium aman Rahabili Safety lamas in minas 304 Sanitation standards 378 Sowaae plants - gas hazards 236 Silicosis radiology classifica tion 287 >chotal^3#undioa 237 Tuberculosis casa finding in indus try 359 employment factor 360 industrial North Carolina 253 Venereal diseases 375 Ventilation^ * " in w%r factories 311 BWa Woman la indust: 369-370 --dioal aax4( 371 laldii 238 tion of 239 .trol of 302 hsalth hazards 240-241