Document 3JqxrLE4zO4rMQ5vQgy1B6ZK0

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT [AMERICAN NATIONAL] ANS1/ASTM D 1869-78 ISTANOARDI AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM If not listed in the current combined index, will appear in the next edition. Standard Specification for RUBBER RINGS FOR ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1869; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers rubber rings used to seal the joints of asbestos-cement pipe conforming to Specifications C 296. C 428, C 644, and C 668. 1.2 A specification is given for (1) natural or synthetic rubber rings, or both, where resistance to oil or solvents is not required, and (2) synthetic rubber rings for services involving resistance to oil or solvents. 2. Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 296 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe2 C 428 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Nonpressure Sewer Pipe2 C 644 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Nonpressure Small-Diameter Sewer Pipe2 C 668 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Transmission Pipe2 D395 Tests for Rubber Property -- Compression Set3 * D412 Tests for Rubber Properties in Ten- siorv1 D 573 Test for Rubber Deterioration in an Air Oven3 D865 Test for Rubber Deterioration by Heating in a Test Tube3 D 1415 Test for Rubber Property --Inter national Hardness3 D2137 Test for Rubber Property-- Brittle ness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics5 D 2240 Test for Rubber Property -- Durometer Hardness6 3. Composition and Manufacture 3.1 The ring shall consist of a properly vulcanized virgin rubber compound. Virgin rubber is defined as one containing no scrap, reclaim, or rubber substitutes. 3.2 If a joint is used in the manufacture of the ring, the strength of the spliced joint shall be such that the ring will withstand the stretch test described in 8.8 with no visible separation or peeling. 4. Physical Requirements 4.1 Sample rings taken from the shipment shall conform to the requirements for physical properties prescribed in Table 1 when tested in accordance with the methods specified in Section 8. 5. Dimensions and Tolerances 5.1 The rings shall conform to the dimen sions specified by the manufacturer of the pipe in which the rings are to be used, with a RMA Class 3 tolerance of 0.25 up to 25 mm (0.010 up to 1 in.) on all cross-section dimensions, and 1 % on all diametral di mensions, unless otherwise agreed upon by the pipe manufacturer and the ring supplier. Note--The design and tolerances of asbestoscement pipe are not sufficiently standardized to permit interchangeability of rings in many cases from pipe of one manufacturer to that of another. 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-ll on Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Dll 36 on Seals Current edition approved April 28. 1978 Published July 1978. Originally published as D 1869 - 61 T Last previous edition D 1869 - 66 (1972) 1 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part 16 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part ?7 ' Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Pans 35. 37. and 38. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Parts 37 and 38 6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Parts 35 and 37 1 CTD000659 D 1869 6. Workmanship 6.1 The surface shall be smooth and free of pitting, cracks, blisters, air marks, and any other imperfection that would affect its be havior in service. The body shall be free of porosity and air pockets. 6.2 The flash thickness shall not exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.), nor the flash width 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) at any point in the ring. 6.3 Offset, or failure of the mold to regis ter accurately, shall not exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.) 7. Sampling 7.1 A number of sample rings shall be drawn at random from each shipment of rings in accordance with Table 2. 7.2 These shall be stretched and examined as specified in 8.8. A sufficient additional number of rings shall be drawn at random for the tests specified in Table 1. 8. Test Methods 8.1 Tensile Strength, Elongation. and Stress at 300 % Elongation - Methods D 412: 8.1.1 Cut samples for tensile strength, elongation, and stress at 300 % elongation tests from circumferential sections of the ring itself. 8.1.2 From these samples stamp dumbbell test specimens using a standard ASTM Type C dumbbell conforming to Fig. 1 of Method D 412. 8.1.3 The sections from which the dumb bells are cut may be prepared by sectioning a sample ring held rigidly in a jig, which in turn is mounted in a chuck of a machinist's lathe. A sharp, thin cutting knife should be mounted in the lathe holder and the cut made at a right angle to the jig face. The cutting site should be lubricated at all times by a jet of cool water. 8.1.4 These sections may be buffed lightly prior to cutting into dumbbell specimens in order to bring them to a uniform thickness for testing. 8.2 Hardness: 8.2.1 Method D 141 5 shall be used as the reteree method. 8.2.2 Method D 2240 may be used for quality control. 8.2.3 Hardness readings for guidance pur poses may be taken directly on the ring, recognizing that those may vary slightly from those taken on dumbbell specimens. 8.3 Air Aging: Tensile Strength. ElongA tion, and Hardness: \ 8.3.1 Methods D 865 (preferred) or D 573. in conjunction with Methods D 412 and D 1415 or D 2240. Prepare test speci mens in accordance with 8.1. 8.3.2 Age nonoil-resistant specimens for 166 2 h at 70 i 2C. 8.3.3 Age oil-resistant specimens for 70 0.7 h at 100 2C. 8.4 Water Aging: Volume and Appearance Change: 8.4.1 Cut one specimen 50 3 mm (2.0 0.1 in.) long and not less than 13 mnr (0.2 in.2) in cross section from each of three rings. 8.4.2 Totally immerse the specimens in the siphon cup of an insulated 3-dm3 extraction apparatus, and hold at a temperature of 100 2C for 20 consecutive days. Suspend the specimens at least 50 mm (2 in.) beneath the surface of the water in such a manner that they do not contact one another or the surface of the cup. 8.4.3. Immediately after removal from the boiling water, blot the specimens, weigh and calculate the volume increase in accordance with Method D 471. 8.4.4 Average the values obtained for the three specimens. 8.5Compression Set: ^ 8.5.1 Method B of Methods D 395. exce^ cut three specimens from separate rings about 75 mm (3 in.) in length and the full crosssectional area of the ring in a compression device 50 mm long. 8.5.1.1 Place the specimens in the compression device with the inside and out side circumference sides in contact with the compression plates. 8.5.1.2 If this is impractical because of the size or shape of the specimens, they may be placed in the compression device in a manner that will give the most accurate values. 8.5.2 Make a reference measurement at any convenient point where the section is solid and compress the specimen 50 cc at the reference point, using spacers. 8.5.3 Oven age nonoil-resistant specimens for 22 - 0.25 h at 70 = 2C. 8.5.4 Oven age oil-resistant specimens for 2 CTD000660 D 1869 22 0.25 h at 100 1C. 8.6 Low-Temperature Flexibility: 8.6.1 Method D 2137. t 8.6.2 Prepare test specimens in accordance 'with 8.1.2 through 8.1.5. The temperature of test shall be -25 2C. 8.7 Oil Aging: Tensile Strength, Elonga tion, Hardness, and Volume Change: 8.7.1 ASTM Method D 471. 8.7.2 Prepare test specimens for tensile strength, elongation, and hardness tests in accordance with 8.1.2 through 8.1.5. 8.7.3 Frepare specimens for the volume change test in accordance with 8.4.1. 8.7.4 Immerse the specimens in ASTM Oil No. 3 for 70 0.7 h at 100 2C. 8.8 Stretch Test for Visual Examination: 8.8.1 Stretch the rings until the circumfer ence has increased 50 9c. 8.8.2 Inspect each ring visually for defects in accordance with 3.2 and 6.1. 8.8.3 The number of rings to be examined and the maximum number of defective rings for acceptance of the lot is shown in Table 2. 9. Markings and Color Coding 9.1 Each ring shall be marked with clearly legible letters, the size of which shall not exceed 6 mm (lU in.). 9.2 The markings shall include the ring manufacturer's name or symbol, the pipe manufacturer's name or symbol, the pipe size and pressure rating, and the year of manufac ture. 9.3 Each oil-resistant synthetic rubber ring shall be marked with a color stripe, dot. or other identifying mark to distinguish this ring from the nonoil-resistant type. 9.3.1 The shape and color of the mark shall be as specified by the manufacturer of the pipe in which the ring is to be used. TABLE 1 Physical Reqniremti of Robber Rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe Test Type of Rubber Ring Nonoil-Resistant Oil-Resistant Original Properties: Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi): Average of three specimens Lowest individual Elongation, min, %: Average of three specimens Lowest individual Hardness number'1 Stress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi): Max Min Compression set. max. % Low-temperature flexibility After Oven Aging: Tensile strength, average decrease, max. % Elongation, average decrease, max, % Hardness, average increase, max. points After Water Aging: Volume change, max. % Apperance change After Oil Aging: Tensile strength, average decrease, max. % Elongation, average decrease, max. % Hardness, average change, points Volume change, average. % 14.0 (2000) 12.5 (1800) 350 325 nominal 5 16.0(2300) 8.4 (1200) 16 no cracks 15 25 7 12 no surface degradation 10.5 (1500) 9.0(1300) 325 300 nominal + 5 16.0 (2300) 7.0(1000) 25 no cracks 20 30 15 12 no surface degradation 35 40 -10 to + 2 -1 to +15 ' Nominal hardness shall be from 50 to 60 as specified by the pipe manufacturer 3 CTD000661 D 1869 TABLE 2 Sampling Plan for Stretch Test for Visual Inspection Number of Rings in Ship ment Up to 800 801 to 3 200 3 201 to 8 000 8 001 to 22 000 Number of Rings in Sample 75 150 225 300 Maximum Number of Defectives for Accept ance 4 8 11 14 The American Society for Testing and Materialr lake* no position respecting the validity of an\ patent right* averted in connection kith anx item mentionea in this standard L'sers of this standard are expressh advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights. and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely thetr own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time bv the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed even five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee. which you max attend, if you feel that your comments have not receded a fair hearing you should make your uchj known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, /W6 Race St.. Philadelphia. Pa 1910J, which will schedule a further hearing regarding your comments. Failing satisfaction there. \ou max appeal to the A STM Board of Directors. CTD000662 4