Document 3JYEQEzjzgnD2N0nODBN641b3

V Crctt/fft -h. ^ P Sm*., EPA "BUiU far . N79 *t O W /$ //t/A;, COLORITE 017151 POLLUTION CONTROL A bubble idea to stem pollution 1865 The height of the Civil War Genera! Burnside, a Union officer who had his headquarters in Cincinnati, appioached the Wrn, Powell Co with an order for 1.000 pairs of cavalry spurs of a peculiar make for immediate delivery Thouqh special patterns had to be made the whole order was cast, finished, and shipped within 48 hours. Just m time to contribute their share in the defeat of General Longstreet at Knoxvilie This same kind of ingenuity still exists over a century later Today, the Wm. Powell Co. is a leader in producing valves throughout the world. Valves that helped America win two world wars Helped land a man on the moon. And, help in nuclear power plants across the nation For over 130 years, the Wm, Powell Co. has prospered because Greater Cincinnati has an atmosphere that encouraqes new ideas Ideas that encourage business growth and expansion With an available work force Diversified industry Every form of transportation And a central location close to major markets With outstanding universities Fine opera, symphony, theatre, and ballet Art and natural history museums. Exciting professional sports, recreational facilities, and histoncal attractions Back in 1865, when the U S was at the height of the Civil War, the Wm Powell Co was at thy spur of success Success that has grown and prospered here for over 100 years We invite you too, to enjoy the opportunities for personal and professional growth in Greater Cincinnati and the Tn State area Why not join us for the next hundred yea\-> or so ] or more information call or write Winston Johnson (513/632 2595) Area De velopment Division The Cincinnati Gas & Electric ,Company PO ^ Box 960. y Cincinnati, Ohio 45201* 42 N BUSINESS WEEK: December 25, 1978 The Environmental Protection Agency is about to propose a major cost-saving policy shift that will allow companies to decide exactly where they want to reduce pollution within a multiprocess plant, as long as the overall amount of pollution does not exceed air- and water-quality limits. The.plan gives industry more flexibility than current regulations, which require companies to meet techno logy-based standards at each smoke stack and wastewater discharge pipe. Industry, particularly the steel indus try, has long claimed that the new approach, nicknamed the "bubble con cept,is the most cost-effective way to comply with federal clean air and clean water laws. The policy treats a plant as if a bubble were constructed over a site's different process facilities! A company can .trade off pollution, controls among its many facilities at the site, reducing pollution sharply where it costs less and putting on fewer controls where reduc tion costs are steep. `A positive incentive.' The bubble gives more chance for trade-offs to industries with many complex processes where the marginal cost of control can vary greatly. Steel, chemicals, and petroleum refining, for instance, will probably benefit most. As an example of how the bubhle concept can he used, epa Administrator Douglas M. Costle cites the Stuart Tower Plant of Dayton Power & Light Co. The state implementation plan for the company includes a provision under which sulfur dioxide emission limits for each of the plant's four boiler stacks are set by an equation based on the overall emission limit for the plant. This enables the plant "to apply the least-cost mix of scrubbing and low-sulfur coal and/or cleaning controls among the facility's four boilers," Costle says. The epa says that the policy will encourage industry to find new ways to reduce pollution, too. "For the first time, those we regulate will have a positive incentive to find new methods of control ling pollution. By enlisting industry's engineers, we should be able to speed the development of control technology sig nificantly," says Costle in a recent draft statement that outlines his agency's policy shift. For its part, industry seems gratified, but not overwhelmed, by the epa's new - POLLUTION CONTROL COLORITE 017152 f-ftjr. '`wVre pleased that the epa is recognizing that there is validity to the bubble concept," says Earle P, Young Jr., tht American Iron & Steel Insti tute's assistant vice-president for environmental affairs. "But we do have some concern that the agency may be making its application more restrictive than we had hoped " Where the bubble can and will he applied is still unknown. If a company wants to use it, it must come forward with a specific plan for trading off pollu tion, then prove that the plan will work and will be enforceable. Moreover, only the same pollutant can be exchanged--a power plant, for example, cannot lower emissions of particulates and increase emissions of sulfur dioxide. Even within some categories, emissions cannot be traded. Thus coke-oven emissions, prov en carcinogens, cannot be used in trade against any other emissions. `Very narrow.' Most important, although Costle's statement says the bubble can be used at both existing and new sources, whether industry can apply the bubhle when it rebuilds or modifies a plant will hinge on how the agency defines ``new source" when it proposes new-source performance standards for various in dustrial sources next year. Industry does not want plant additions to be treated as new sources, which must meet stricter standards. Companies would rather The EPA's policy shift lets companies decide their own pollution priorities make equivalent reductions elsewhere in the plant. But the EPA is constrained by a year-old court decision that held that a new facility added onto an existing site must be considered a new source. "That case was very narrow," Young maintains. Industry' believes that some plant modifications need not fall into the definition of a new source. "We'll just have to wait and see what the epa does next year," Young says. Environmentalists also are taking a wait-and-see approach. They have al ways opposed the bubble concept but were withholding judgment until the policy was announced. That announcement should come he- tween now and early next year. Even then, however, the policy will not go into effect immediately. It must first be proposed, then drafted in the form of a policy directive to the states. States then could choose to incorporate the bubble into their plans to meet national air standards and into wastewater dis charge permits. New state air plans must be submitted for epa approval by next July; industries will start renewing water-discharge permits, with new re quirements to meet future water stan dards, next year. POLLUTION CONTROL Puzzled about where to locate your new plant? Take the Oklahoma Challenge. 10 to 14 correct answers and consider yourself a PROFIT EXPERT, 5 to 9 correct answers make you a PROFIT WHIZ and 0 to 4 correct answers means you need to know much more about the profitability of locating your new plant in Oklahoma. Check your answers against ours then write, in confidence for more detailed information about Oklahoma --the profitable place to be. ma * . -I l v- Ml ft. If irf jy * .V % ' eVj 1, -r M '7 ti. ,.VyCJ. I` " < \e * s * $ a -14 3 m ,-v' S3 ; ft w ` '-he; 'C: 10 W% & n -> M b b $ S llr it a*> t 1 V'r' 3 jjj & t'f 14 w a n ACROSS 2. Manufacturing is now as important to Oklahoma as --___ _ _ once was. 5. Seven major _______ connect most Oklahoma communities with all U.S. Cities and markets. 6. Oklahoma's labor ____ ____ _ is more productive than the national average. 8. Equipment for_______ _ of Labor is provided at no cost. 11. An attitude that provides favorable legislation and other incentives for locating in Oklahoma. (Pro _1 14. Oklahoma's number one resource. 15. Oklahoma's location in the U.S. 16. Our corporate income _____ are only 4% DOWN 1. American, Braniff. Continental, Delta, TWA, Frontier and Ozark offer excellent ______ service. 3. Oklahoma's manufacturing has experienced a 140% _____ since 1950. 4. Machinery, equipment & materials consumed in the process of manufacturing are tmm sales tax. 7. Low-cost transportation is rovided through the of ulsa and Muskogee. 9. The main reason companies are attracted to Oklahoma. 10, Oklahoma is known as the "buckle on the " 12. Oklahoma has an abundant supply of______ -- 13. Oklahoma is a port tax slate. Oklahoma has the answers. ACROSS 2. Agriculture S. Railroads 6. Force a. Training 11. Pro Business 14. Energy IS. Central 16. Taxes DOWN 1. Air 3. Growth 4. Exempt 7. Ports 9, Profits 10. Sunbelt 12. Water 13, Free Oklahoma The profitable place to be For further information, call or write Director, Industrial Division, Oklahoma Industrial Development Department 5T4A Will Rogers Building, Oklahoma City, OK 73103 (403)321-2401 BUSINESS WEEK; December 25,1978 42 O COLORITE 017153