Document 3JRx1L018vJa9dKBkwJQQLV66

rNDUSTKfAL HTQlCNl FOUNDATION Vol. 3. FACTS September, 1941 Foundation Facta la a monthly nw-letter iisueo ^ to Induatrlal concerna holding membership In' Induatrial Hygiene Foundation. Tho Foundation*! la a combined research and aervice institution to protect the health of workers in industry.^ 03 No. 9. Stressing tho theme, "Defend the Defense Worker'." the sixth annual meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation (formerly Air Hygiene Foundation) will be held at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, on Wednesday and Thursday, Nov. 12-13. Latest progress in health protection of workers will "pass in review." The Medical Section includes the first report on findings from the Founda tion's study of Sick Absenteeism in Industry. This study was started on January 1st of this year with the collaboration, of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Ameri can Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. A number of representative companies affiliated 'with the Foundation have been keeping records of their sick absences. The experience of these companies is being analyzed by Dr. W.M. Gafafer, Senior Statistician, U.S. Public Health Service. Andrew Fletcher, Vice President and Treasurer, St. Joseph Load Company, will make an economic analysis of the data. Other program highlights: The Role of Employee Health in Industrial Relations Health Protection for Top Supervisors Experimental Work on the Use of Aluminum to Combat Silicosis Trends Toward Compensation of Tuberculosis as an Industrial Disease Employability of the Physically Handicapped . Impact of Chemical Priorities on Industry A Safe Substitute for Mercury in Certain Industries Protection of Workers in. Wartime, (ventilation of blackout plants, etc.) Aggravation of Old Hazards and Possible Now Ones Under Emergency Conditions Largo X-Ray Film, Paper, Miniature Films -- Which Should be Used for Chest Surveys in Industry? ; Findings from a Major Study of Fatigue Findings from Industrial Hygiene Surveys of 30 Munitions Plants The Foundation's Medical and Engineering Committees, headed by Dr. A. J. Lanza and Prof. Philip Drinker, will report latest developments and trends in indus trial health, together with findings from the Foundation's medical and engineering researches. Prof. T. F. Hatch of Pern, will report on the Foundation's study of ex isting exhaust systems. Administration of the Mine Inspection Act will be discussed with, questions and answers. The Legal Committee will analyze occupational disease laws, court decisions and ponding state and federal legislation. Further details will be sent to members shortly. Meanwhile, plan to grant this program your best oerscnal priority! -- November 12 and 13. 03118079 INDUSTRIAL KYOIfiN.C FOUNDATION 4*00 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH. FA. I PtAINTIFF'S (i EXHIBIT p HUBB-0007412 September, 1941. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. DIGEST 0? INDUSTRIAL ffiTGISME Literature--News--Developments ,--n News I tans 596 American Conference on Industrial Health Meets November 5 and 6. Under the auspices of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons the American Conference on Industrial Health will hold its Second Annual Meeting on November 5 and 6, at Chicago Towers, Chicago. The opening session will be a symposium on the technical problems of industrial health gn the basis that health supervision in industry involves two great principles* (1} the adjustment of the 'working environment to the aaployee; and (2) the ad justment of the employee to the 'working environment, including also the human environment. The technical problems arc the resuit of the application of tbeae principles, and run the whole gamut of public health as applied to induetiy. The afternoon session will be a symposium on the economics of industrial health, including: (1) organization and cost of a health service, and (2) dis cussion on the value of industrial hoalth service to the employer, the cnployco and the public. The morning of the second day will be given over to a sym,posi\* on the social implications of industrial health, discussing how far an indus trial health service should go; are hospital and medical care plans related to industrial health service in any practical way; does legislation play a part in this problem; and the evaluation of labor turnover, spoilage, and lack of train ed men, together with the experiences of management and the interests of insur ance carriers in the medical and social problems presented. 697 Special Course in Industrial Hygiene Offered at University of Pennsylvania. In order to provide trained industrial hygienists to meet the needs of expanding health and safety services in the defense industries, the University of Pennsyl vania offers a course of instruction, of twelve weeks duration, in Industrial Hygiene. The course will be given under the auspices of the Engineering, Science and Management Dofense Training Program of the U.S. Office of Education and is open to graduates in engineering, chemistry or allied sciences. Subjects covered in the courso include: Principles of industrial hygiene, industrial hygiene laboratory methods, industrial ventilation, safety engineer ing, administration of industrial health services, industrial psychology and statistical methods. Presentation of the course is contingent upon the en rollment of a satisfactory mmber of students, (which will run from October 27, 1941 to January 17, 1942). Applications for admission to the course should be addressed to: Theodore Hatch, Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 031180S0 p HffBB-0007413 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. Legal Development s 698 Inhalation of Vaporized LeaQ Paint. Lead Poisoning, Accidental Injury. Respondent worked half a day with petitioner on July 28, 1940, and experienced some discomfort and requested a respirator which the petitioner furnished but which by reason of its age and condition, was only partially effective. Respond -I ent worked the following day and skipped a day on account of lack of paint and then worked three days more with lead paint and two days with aluminum paint which had no lead content. The respondent testified that he began to have stomach cramps and muscular pains on the third day but that he thought that his difficulty was cue to the confined space in which he was working and the intenso heat. Respondent returned to his home July 31st and his condition became such as to require medical attention. An injury to an employee engaged in a hazardous employment in consequence of exposure to and inhalation of vaporized lead paint discharged by pressure spray gun over a short period of time which results in acute lead poisoning is sufficiently certain and definite in point of time to constitute an accidental injury. Award of compensation for tem porary disability sustained. C.g. Howard & Co. et al. v. McKay et al. Okla. Supreme Ct. Decided September"9, 1941. (CCH). ' 699 Eye Burn Resulting From Exposure to Arc-Light Flashes. "Accident" Within the Meaning of the Act. Time of Occurrence of the Accident. - This controversy involves a claim for compensation for an eye burn, "conjuncti vitis," resulting from exposure to arc-light flashes while the o*ployee was f working near some welders. The Industrial Coseiission found in favor of tba ' claimant and awarded compensation. No permanent disability is involved, the matters presented being the happening of an accident, and the question as to which of two insurance carriers is liable should it be judicially determined that the employee sustained a compensable accidental injury within the of the Workmen's Compensation Act. It is undisputed that the Groat Aaorican Indemnity Company, plaintiff in error, was the insurer of the employer for this hazard until noon, May 11, 1940. The company denies liability after this date, and asserts that the State Compensation Insurance Fund beceme the carrier of the risk. The Industrial Commission found that the accident occurred May 10, 1940. The points urged as requiring reversal are that there was no accident within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act; if there was an accident the dis ability did not extend over ten days; the accident occurred some time after noon May 11, 1940, at which time plaintiff in error was not the carrier of the risk. Counsel for the indemnity company first contend for nonliability, in that claimant suffered from an occupational disease rathor than an accident. If claimant had been working as a weldor there perhaps would be some basis for the contention advanced. He v/as engaged in doing general work; nor was this injury, under the circuastanees, to be expected in the usual course of ovents. There is ample testimony to support the finding that the disability was compensable from June 5 to July 5, 1940. Thcro is no dispute that tho injury for which the em ployees sought compensation was present May 10. The coamission was warranted, as a reasonable inference therefrom, in finding that claimant's eye condition resuited from an exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that date, or within a reasonable time prior thereto. Tho judgment is affimed. Great American Indemnity Co. v. State Compensation Insurance Fund et al. Colo. SupremeTt. Decided"September 2, 1941. (CCH)~. --Annual Meeting -- Nov. 12 and 13--- 03118081 r HUBB-O 0HAU Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 700 Death of State Highway Department Baployee from Debar Pneumonia* Question Whether Death was Approximately Caused by the Employment. McKinnon, while an employe of the North Dakota state highway department as an engineer, died from lobar pneumonia. The plaintiff, his wife, applied to the bureau for compensation. From judgaont for the plaintiff, defendant appeals. The deceased worked in snow prevention work. The deceased had a cold for sometime. He drove in an automobile to his home, a distance of approximately one hundred miles. The following day, the doctor diagnosed his case as pneumon ia. The sole question tere is whether the plaintiff has shown the lobar pneumonia was "approximately caused by the employment." In the cese at bar, there was nothing unusual in the work of tho deceased. Just when he was inocu lated by the gem nc one could tell. The Workmen's Compensation Act does not ,--n cover diseases contracted by an employee outside of his employment; and where compensation is sought on the theory that tho death of the employee was caused by disease, it must be shown that the disease was approximately caused by tho employment, 'where the alleged origin of such disease is purely speculative and the disease may equally well have been caused by factors unconnected with tho employment, tho burden of proof has not been sustained, and no compensation oan be allowed. The plaintiff has failed to show that the disease from which tho worker died was approximately caused by hi3 employment. Judgment reversed. McKinnon v. N.D, Workmen's Compensation Bureau. N.D. Supreme Ct. Decided 1 August"28, 1941. {CCH'J. | 7C1 Silicosis. Poor Ventilation in Mine. Insufficient Equipment. Qccupatlciflfl| Disease. Those arc appeals by Howard, Connell, Johnson, Stevens, Vcight and WilliaMOB from orders, respectively, of the Industrial Accident Board denying compensation. All six worked in tho defondant company's Mayflower Mine and subsequently sought worloaen's compensation for silicosis sufferod by reason of their employment prior to June 1933. Tho six cases were consolidated for trial. The record presents one question, is the diseaso sufferod, silicosis, an occupational dis ease, that is to say, one which inheres in the particular employment, which can not bo prevented by reasonable means? Tho evidence is undisputed, and the board found that blasting operations in defendant's quartz mine wore generally carried on just before the* closo of each work shift; that blasting operation* created much dust and smoke and fumes; that thore was always more or less silica laden dust in the oir in tho vicinity where drilling operations and blasting were carried on; that after the spring of 1938 the underground employees of the com pany ate thoir lunch at the various station levels by the shaft. Her it is un disputed tho Mayflower Mine was not provided with any mechanical ventilation whatever after May, 1938; that the company did not install exhaust pimps or fil ters of any type; that in the absence of mechanical ventilation it did not pro vide masks for its underground workers, notwithstanding the fact that the air way was partially blocked and the natural circulation theroby impaired. The conpany provided wet drilling equipment, but that, as the record indisputably shows, was, in and of itself wholly insufficient to protect the workers from silicosis. . As to tho law in effect when the disease was contracted, whether the contraction of silicosis shall, or shall not, bo doemod to be accidental depends "on the particular circvmstances of the case and accidental featuro*, or the absence thereof." There was accidental injury hero. Silicosis is in, larg part preventable by one device cr another. Claimant is clearly and unquostioi^ ably entitled tc recover compensation. The causes are remanded, with directions to tho Board to award compensation in accordance with the grade of disability it found claimants suffered. Howard v. Texas Owyhco Mining Sc Develonaont Co. Idaho Supreme Ct. Dccidod July 17, 1941. (CCH). r HH8B-0BB741S Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 702 Silicosis* Recovery of Common-Law Liability for Negligence. Attempt to Recover froa Insurance Carrier. No Accident. It appears that the plaintiff, before the institution of the suit at bar, had secured a judgment against his former employer, the National Iron Company, for damages on account of having contracted silicosis by reason of the negligence of the employer in its failure to obey and comply with certain statutes of the State of Minnesota designed for the safety and well-being of employees in cer tain types of industry. Tho plaintiff alleges his inability to collect his said judgment from his former employer, and brings this suit against the insurer. The defendant, on the other hand, contends that said policies only cover liability for injuries sustained by accident, and that plaintiff's condition was caused by disease. There are raised by tho plecdiags but two questions for the Court to determine on this motion: first, whether the policies cover liability for all injuries or only those sustained by accident, and, second, was plaintiff's injury sustained by accident. In the case of Golden v. Lerch Bros. Inc., the facts are almost identical with those of thi3 case. The Court in the Golden case said: "The recovery of Golden against his employers was not under the compensation law. It was exclusively on their common-law liability for negligence. That tort functioned harmfully, not through or because of accident, but rather and exclusively by insidious and chronic disease, in the causation of which there was no accident." The Minnesota Supreme Court has determined the precise questions raised here, contrary to tho contentions of the plaintiff^- The motion of tho defendant is granted. Schuman v. Liberty Mutual Ins* y. U. S. Diet. Ct., Dist. of Minn. Decided August 25, 1941. (CCH). T 703 Occupational Diseases. Workmen's Compensation I*aw Supplement, New York Stole Department of Labor, p. 14, 1940 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, A mechanic who tested a large number of automobile motors each day in an ill-ventilated room become blind as a result of optic neuritis. The Industrial Board found that the blindness resulted from exposure to toxic amounts of CO from running motors and that the claimant's condition was an occupational disease covered by this paragraph. The finding was affiiBed* "Any and All Occupational Diseases." The following diseases were hold ccspens- able under this paragraph: Arthritis, trauaatic, of the wrist, suffered by a pressor who used a 12 lb. iron, traumatization being caused by the repeated pressure involved. Award was based on the proportionate loss of the use of tho hand. Bronchial asthma, suffered by an automobile spray painter* Bronchitis complicated with asthma contracted by a tunnel worker. Bell's palsy suffered by xhe driver of an open truck and attributed to exposure to drafts, cold and wind, necessitated by his employment. Dupuytren*e contrac tion sustained by a marble polisher required to tighten and loosen clamps. 704 Slight Deviation from Duty. Annotations, p. 29, Workmen's Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Not every slight deviation from an employe's duty will deprive hi* or his depend ents of their right to compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Law* There is a distinction between negligently doing an authorized act and doing an un authorized act or one beyond the employe's job. The first doos not deprive the employe of his right to compensation whereas the latter does. If the injury or risk of injury is incidental tc employment, the right to compensation follows* (Stratton v. Interstate Fruit Co., 47 S. D. 452, 199 N.W. 117). --Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-rx 03118083 r n w tii}-0 u u 7 'ii6 Digest cf Industrial Hygiene - 5. 705 Disease: "Injury by Accident," Annotations, p. 26, Workmen's Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Encephalitis, causing suddon collepso of a district manager after unusual exer T / tion, exposure and exhaustion, was held to constitute "injury by accident." (Hanzlik 7. Interstate Power Co. 67 S.D. 289 N.W. 589). NOTE:It has been called to our attention by one of our member companies that in ita #427, June, 1941 issue of the Digest, relating to the recent enactment in the State of Washington of Chapter 235, 1941, the wording is so framed as to be apt to give the erroneous impression that such act did not repeal the schedule of occupational diseases previously contained in the law (Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Revised Statutes) and consequently that such schedule is still part of the law, whereas such act of 1941 expressly amended said Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Re vised Statutes to read as correctly quoted in the first paragraph of item #427 in the Digest, v,lth the consequence, according to all rules of construction, that the said schedule is no longer law. Compensation is now payable in Washington for any "such diseaso or infection as arises naturally and proximately out of extra-hazardous employment" this term being elsewhere defined in the statute. Papors on Dust, Oases and General Industrial Hygiene 706 Prevention of Silicosis. Jcotten. Aluciftiwu 22, 575-578, 579, (November, 1940). Discussion of the use of metallic aluminum in the prevention of silicosis. Ex cerpts are given from the report in the Reichsarb6itblatt (vol. 20, No. 26,1940). An extensive bibliography is given. 707 Minc-ralogical Examination of the Silicosis Question. H.J. Seiners and. H.Wdlu/t. J'ohrbuch d, Preuss. Gool. Landesanstalt, Berlin, 59_> 727-754, (1939). (German). Soricite, kaolin and feldspar were the most important substances found in the lung cf a silicotic miner. There was no quartz. However, the wash liquor con tained an important quantity of colloidal silicic acid. The authors think that the pH is most important in dissolving the silica in the tissues and so, corres pondingly, it plays an important part in deteioining the course of the disease. The dissolved substances correspond to the physico-chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of the body, either eliminated without ham or produc ing callosities by precipitating out from silicic acid. 708 Structural Examination by Roontgen Ray3 of Pneumoconlotlc Lungs of Porcelain Workers. Part 4~ H. Gartner. Arch, f. Gewerbepath., 10. 151-163 (1940l (German). Roentgen and chemical findings are presented of the dust seen in the lungs of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite worker. Kaolin and quartz lines were seen, aid in every case in which dust was found, quartz was also shown by chmical analysis. The author states "....in the diagram, interference rings of kaolin were to be found preponderantly or even alone," and further that "therefore it is obvious to say that the sillimanite and kaolin may give silicosis without essential admixture of quartz." 709 The Question of Serial Examinations of Workers Exposed to Dust, by Means of Min iature Roentgenograms. E. Saupe. Arch. f. Gewerbcoath.. 10. 93-96 (1940). {Gcrr.an). It is possible tc examine many men in a short time with miniature film -- the size most frequently used i3 24 sq.mm. (0.95 sq.in.). Second stage silicosis is easily seen with certainty and first stage can usually bo recognized if the technic is perfect. The method must bo improved 'and should bo follwed by large films in suspicious cases. 03118084 r 0 y5'? Digest of Industrial Efygiene - 6. 710 Silicltn, Silicates, Silicosis. W, Giese. Klin. Wchnschr. 19, 558-560 (1940), r^erman). Rabbits were injected Intravenously with finely ground silicate dusts: clay, feldspar, serlcite. Deposits of the dust were found in the spleon, livor and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue. Opal (amorphous silicic acid) was also injected and the results were large deposits of dust with many giant cells, but no fibrous tissue. Opal is more soluble than quartz; therefore, the conclusion is made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the fibrous-producing substance alone. Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis. Dust taken from markedly silicotic lungs was also injected, and this again produced silico sis. A decrease in the amount of the injected dust could not be found. The author was ablo to show the formation of a covoring, characteristic of asbestosis bodies, by feldspar, scricite and also opal, but in the smallest particles only, in the cellules. He concludos that dissolved silicic acid but not tho quartz may produce this covering. Quartz shows no morphologically demonstrable appearance of dissolution; in the tissue the dust depositod in callosities re tains its fibrous producing effect. 711 Pulmonary Cancer Produced by Asbestos Dust in Experimental Animals. M. Nordmaan and A. Sorge. ZeitschF. f. Krobsforsch.. 51.~168-i32 (1941). (Geraan). Experimental work with mice inhaling asbestos dust over a period of frem 47 to 90 days for 3-1/2 to 5 hours a day produced asbestosis bodies and pmouncod'ttegroos of diffuse fibrosis after the 20th week. Proliferation of the bronchAl epithelium was found, such hyperplasia encroaching on n~ighboriug alveoli. Oils was followed by a metaplasia to pavement epithelium with cornification* wfeleti later secaod to be a transition to malignant neoplasm. The first well-deraloped carcinoma was found after 240 days. By this time only 10 of the alee bad sur vived and 2 carcinomas were found among them. In the first series* 33 of 50 mice lived longer than 6 weeks; 14 showed abnormal growth of the epithelium, 5 metaplasia and cancer. In the second series, 28 (of 50) lived aore than 6 weeks; 16 showed abnormal growth, 5 metaplasia and cornifying cancer. 712 A Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis Accompanied by Tuborculosis. H. Hannesson. Tubercle. 22, 40-44 (February, 1941). During the period 1933-1939 inclusive, there wore 90 known deaths from asbestosis in Great 3ritain, of which 32 wore associated with tuberculosis. This reports the case of 44 year old man who had been an asbestos blower, supplying the mater ial to a cleaning machine. Although supplied with a respirator, he had never worn it. He was thin, had a high temperature, emphysema, and bilateral crepita tions over wide areas. Clubbing of the fingers was marked and the sputtat ooatalned both asbestosis bodies and tubercle bacilli. The roentgenogram showed "v/idesproad progressive nodular tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in all zones of the right lung fields and in the upper and mid-zones of the left lung fields.... The right domo of the diaphraga was elovated. There was no radio graphic evidence of pneumoconiosis.n A diagnosis of asbestosis and tuberculosis was made. The patient died within a month of spontaneous pneunothoraz. Pulmon ary findings showed both to have extensive fibro-caseous tuberculosis with cavi tation; nacroscopically they wore like those of pure tuberculosis. Microscopic ally there was revealed caseous tuboreulosi# with many tubercle bacilli and typical reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura. There ia a dis cussion of the diagnosis of the pure and complicated disease. ---Foundation's Sixth Annual Mooting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13-- 03118085 HMBfi-0007ql7 ATb/onn-ggH u Digest of Industrial ifygiene - 7. 713 The Lungs of Coal Miners in New South Wales, Chemical Analysis and Patig>lopy. C. Badhsa and H.B. Taylor. Studies in Ind. Hyg., No. 20. Report for year ended December 31st 1939* Health Dept., New South Vralos. A report of findings in a study of the lungs of 30 minors and other workers in the mines of New South Wales. A briof case report is given for each individual, including occupational history, gross and microscopic pathology in the lung, cardiovascular and other complications, and chemical analysis of the lung. The findings are tabulated but analysis of the data is postponed for a later mono graph. The authors state their views as to the formation of coal dust nodulos, which they regard as "taking origin at the same site as the early silicotic nodule, but owing to their more diffuse nature, they early surround and include the terminations of respiratory bronchioles." They raise the question as to how far this reaction is due to the inert dust and how far to the small amount of free silica which accompanies it. They also believe "that very little of the dust breathed finds its way into the interstitial tissue of the lungs, and that very little of the relatively insoluble dust is eliminated by solution or by the lymphatics." 714 "Miners Lung" (Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Anthracosis). An Analysis of 227 Casos. CC*3ill. Military ournoon, 88. 264^888 (19413* ~ Cases of pneumoconiosis have been collected from the records and x-rays of a large Veterans' hospital for tuberculosis. Of the total 227 cases, 142 are con sidered as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis, 54 as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis with tuberculosis and a final group of 31 cases on which autopay was performed. These seven categories are divided according to age group and to years spent in raining. In all cases of simple pneimoconiosis, sputimi sample# were consistently negative. X-rays of one patient with 3rd stage pneUKOoOlosls were taken over a period of 9 years with no progression risible on the plate, although the symptoms increased in severity. A large nuaber of the men had had comparatively short exposures, although one was as long as 48 years. Of the 31 autopsies, 21 showed no tuberculosis and the cause of death in most or all of these was a disease other than pneuaoconiosis. Three cases diagnosed as pneumo coniosis showed no silicosis at autopsy. There is a discussion of diagnosis. 715 Study of Dust Conditions in the Tri-State Mining District of Oklahoma. Kawaas and Missouri. C.C. Dills. Am. J. Pub. Health, 31., pp. 619-629 (June, 194lT^ A study of surface and underground dust conditions in the Picher District has been in progress for 3 months. 1366 surface dust samples were taken at 11 sta tions. The worst averago dust concentration in the area was found to be 3*3 million particles, and the average for all counts was 1 million per cu ft. Coiw trol stations outside the field gave an average count of 0.35 million particles. Medical studies #ro still being conducted so that safe limits can be set. Dust conditions in mines that had a routine sampling service were found to be better than in mines without this service. The average dust count for drillers in the latter was 6.6 million particles, compared with 1.6 million for the former mines. The average dust counts for shovelers were 4.3 and 2.7 for mines without and with sampling services. Collaring holes dry was found to be the worst source of dust. Dust control measures include wetting muck piles, walk ing faces and haulage ways, spraying headings and drifts and mechanical loaders, shooting off shift, collaring holos wet, and ventilation. Dust sampling in con fined places has indicated that where these dust control devices are applied pro perly, dust concentrations can be maintained below 5 million particles. Discussion: Similar results were found in 10 mines in Oklahoma. Lower counts wero seen in mines with routine dust sampling than in mines without. Double shift operations increase the dust problem by keoping the dust from settling. 03118086 p HWBB-0007M9 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 716 Control of Tuberculosis and the Baployment of a Tuberculous Individual in Indus try. W. A. Sawyer. Ind. Med.. 10, 221-226 (June. 1941). 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directed toward the discovery of incipient disease. 2. An example of this is the detection and control of tuberculosis amongst the employes of the Eastman Kodak Company whore the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per 1,000 in 1940. 3. A program of routine serial or annual stereoroentgenograms was made an estab lished procedure in 1928. 4. An accurate and active follow-up technic is a basic requirement for the success of any effort to curb tuberculosis. 5. In a study of the cost of tuberculosis among 100 of these employes, average age 31 years, the average time lost from work per case was 595 working days or 2 years and 15 weeks. The total cost for these 100 cases was $406,162 or an average per case of $4,062. Private agencies bore approximately 8056 of the cost, while public agencies (tax-supported) bore approximately 2056. 6. Rehabilitation of the worker after convalescence must be considered if the gains of treatment are to be maintained. 7. A survey of 219 industrial organizations by E. A. Hochhauser revealed the fact that 203 employers re-employed workers vdth arrested tuberculosis. 6. The following factors must be taken into account in any consideration of the employment of an arrested case of tuberculosis: . (a) The extant of the lesion; I (b) The completeness of the cure; I (c) The character of the job; (d) The necessity for adequate medical supervision after return to wortk ... 9. It would seem safe to say that the employing of an arrested case of minimal tubdrculosi3 on the proper job is not toe great a risk, provided such individuals are under adequate medical supervision. 10. Discovering and arresting tuberculosis is only successful if we sake it possible for the individual to once again become a wage earner. 717 Infection by Tuberculosis in Working Places. Obligation of the Manager to Pre vent the Danger of Infection of Workers. Ztschr. f. artz. Fortbild., 37. 707 708 (1940). (German). The courts recognize the claim for compensation in cases where one worker eon* tracts tuberculosis fro anothor worker in the factory. The supreme court stressed that the plaintiff need not prove the facts very strictly if there Is a question of the managers having violated his duty of protecting the workmans* health. It is sufficient to prove that there were irregular and dangerous con ditions. 718 Report of a Study of the Granite, Mica. Feldspar and Foundry Industries in Hew Hampshire. F.J. Vlntinner and others. N.H. State Boord of Health, Concord, N.H. pp. 72 (Fobrunry, 1941). Uorc of a troatise on general subject of dust control than a statement of tbs findings in a detailed study. Illustrates the difficulty of prosontlng a repre sentative picture of working conditions in an industry, when conditions vary considerably from plant to plant. 719 Expert Opinion About Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis). E. Gaubat2. Beitr. z. Kiln, d. Tuberc., 95, 286-311 (1940}. (Goman). Only "serious" silicosis is compensated in Germany. New connective tissue forma tion in the lungs must diminish respiratory capacity and affect the circulation so that there is a considerable decrease in bodily efficiency. The author has examined respiratory and cardiovascular function in 300 siliootics in the past five years. Thirteen cases and their conclusions are referred to in detail. 03118087 r Hii6B~80tj7<i2O Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. 720 Silicosis and Silico-Tuberculosls. II. Critical Examination of Roentgenograms. Differontial Djagnnsla Setwoon Silicosis and Other Pulmonary Diseases. c E.Gaubetz. Dtsch. Tuberk.-Bl,, 15, 32-40 fl941). (GeimanT. A presentation of good description and reproductions of x-ray films of silicosis at different stages* Discussions of differential diagnosis are given, illustrat ing the differences in films of silicosis, tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, cardiac lung, and carcinoma* 721 Subcutaneous Injections of Oxygen in Therapy of Lesions of Respiratory Organs f Irritating Gases! i7y. Sosnovik. Sovetsk. Mod. No. 19 p. 22. (1940). A report of 51 cases of toxic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and broncho pneumonia caused by irritant gases and treated with subcutaneous injections of oxygen. Among the irritants were nitric acid, phosgene, chlorine and chlorpicrin. Sub cutaneous oxygen was introduced in amounts varying from the initial dose of 200 cc. to 1000 cc. every other day; in cases of pneuaonia and broncho pneumonia 1000 cc. was injoctod daily. There was an immediate improvement subjectively, followed by diminution of cough, the sensation of tightness in the chest, dysp nea and the amount of sputua. It is also of value as a supplementary measure in the treatment of acuto and subacute bronchitis caused by irritating gases. 722 Disabling Sickness Among 2,000 White Male Glass Workers. W.M. Gafafer. Public Health Reports, 56. 1791-1799 (September 5. 1941.) ? This report deals with sickness and non-industrial injuries causing disability lasting 3 calendar days or longer among approximately 2,000 white male workers in the glass industry during the 5 years, 1930-34. The frequency of dtrtjllty by broad diagnosis groups compares favorably v/ith that experienced by 1W*000 male industrial workers. The nuaber of days of disability because of rheumatic diseases vras over 50$ greater than the number accounted for by Influenza and grippe. Grinders, outside workers, and finishers experienced frequency, dis ability, and severity rates wall above the average for the entire groups of workers. It is of interest to obsorve that the outside workers show all three indexes to be relatively high for either the respiratory or the noa-respiratory diseases. Finishers, on the other hand, show Indexes bolow the average for the entire group of workers with respect to respiratory diseases but above the aver age for the non-respiratory diseases. Grinders yield indexes above the average with respect to non-respiratory diseases, and while this occupational group ex perienced a low frequency of respiratory diseases the disability and severity rates were above the average for the entire group of workers. Batch mixers, furnace and casting workers, show a relatively low frequency of respiratory dis eases but a long average duration of casos.- 723 Catching the Dust from a Hamer Mill. O.C. Ralston and J.E. Conley, D.S. Bureau of Minos, Report of Investigations 3538 (1941). A dust catcher designed for use with a hammer mill is described and illustrated. This type of mill probably exceods all other types of crushers in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air. This arises from the fact that the action of a hammer mill is closely analogous to that of a fan or blower. This emission of dust around a hammer mill is checked by moans of a beg enclosed with in a closed supporting frame that is provided with a flap door to pezmit the placing of a container to catch the crushed material. A pipe directs the air current from the top of the frame to a large can that contains the bag. This bag, in turn, rests in a wire net. The wire net is enough smaller than the can so that a 2-in. annular ring remains around the net. This detail prevents the suction of the blower from sealing the bag against tho wall of the oan. About 99 per cent of the dust is caught by this bag, and another bag - on the blow er - finishes the job. 03118088 W HMBB-B007421 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 10. 724 Public Opinion Demands Removal of Dust from Caaent Plants. Anonymous. Concrete (Cement kill Ed.) 49, 214-216 (August, 1941). A discussion of the various modern types of dust control equipment availabe for cement mill installation. According to the author, a "well-known cement plant superintendent," ...."The public demands the discontinuance of dusty conditions within a cement plant, and in the atmosphere around a cement plant if it happens to be located in or near a city or town, or in a rich farming community." Ho has seen this public attitude developing and growing all through his 25 years of experience in cement manufacturing operations. 725 Ignorance is no Excuse. L.R. Bloomenthal. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 13, 564-5 6 6(Soptamber, 1941). With prolonged hours of operation and a constant influx of new writers, due to the demands of the defense program and the general rise in business activity, industrial health hazards are likely to increase, particularly in those plants where gases, dusts end fumes result from manufacturing processes. The author, an attorney, cites a number of specific cases which have come up in various states in this brief review of the subject. His selection of the material brings out a number of the legal principles involved, 0 726 Resolutions of the German Commission on Protective Devices Against Dust. Arbeitsschutz. p. 407 (1941). (German). Protective devices were tested by the committee for the dust protection of As insurance associations. The results on 13 devices, together with description* and illustrations, are given, 727 Roentgen Findings of the Lungs In Mycosis Fungoides. J. Werth. Arch* f. Dess, u. Syph., 131, 299-314 (1940). (German), The appearance of the x-rays in these caso3 seem like silicotic lunge with "more fibrosis than usual" and "coarsely mottled." The disease begins in the lungs with a characteristic enlargement of th hilus, spreading out along the vessels to give a picture of increased fibrosis. 7t8 Hydrogen Phosphide Poisoning. I. Animal Experiments on Acute and Subaoute Poison ing. W. Muller. Arch, exptl. Path. Pharmakol., 195^ 164-193 (1940).' - In atmospheres containing 1:400,000 or mere of hydrogen phoephido rabbits were injured or killed by belonged exposure. The intoxication is emulative and the prognosis is unfavorable. All important organs are congested, Tho worst damage is suffered by the respiratory tract, liver and kidneys. 729 Occupational Dangers from Hydrogen Sulfide. G. Rodenacker. Med. Klin., 37. 215-217 (1941). (GemanH A discussion of the different health hazards of hydrogen sulfide -- acute poison ing, conjunctivitis, etc. There are reports of interesting cases, the historical background of this industrial disease, and a discussion of theory. 730 Order of the (German) Minister of Labor Regarding the Protection of Spray Paint ers, March 6, 1940. Reichsgesundhoitsbl.. 15, 383-364 (1940). The terms of reference of the insurance association for fine mechanical and electric technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray painting are pub lished. Spraying large pieces and standing inside the spray booth, the paintor can be protected only by supplied-air apparatus. This must fulfil tho following requirements, among others: Compressed air supplied to tho workers from tho main factory source must be cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filtors; the compressed air must be delivered in a single lino to the worker's bench and hero it must bo separated into spraying and breathing tubes. A half-mask or cap may be used but the stream of air must not go directly to the workers' face. 03118089Automatic regulation and heating of the air are not alwwys necessary. r Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11. HB8-0007<i/2 731 Toxicology of Explosion Oases. Baum. Z. gee. Schiess-u. Sprengstoffw., 35. 181-182 (1940j{German)". . Explosion gases can be divided into 3 groups with respect to tbeir toxicological action: (1) very poisonous: CO, nitrous gases, cyanogen compounds, H2S; (2) fairly poisonous: nitriles, CO2; (3) non-poi3onous: Hydrocarbons, N, H0. The amounts of CO found in the explosion gases from several explosives are: picric acid 61.05, TNT 57.01, nitrocellulose powder 46.37, carbonite 36.0, explosive gelatin 34.0 and ammonal 23.74$. Toxicological action is described for CO, nitrous gnsos and HCN. The physiological action of explosion gases cannot be calculated from the toxicity of their components since these are not additive but synergistic. 732 Relation Between Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Air and Carbon Monoxide Hemoglobin Consent. J. May. Arch. f. Gewcrbepath., 10, 97-105 {1940). (German). Three charts arc shown: one depicting the formation of CO-haaoglobin in man over various periods of time if the inhaled CO concentration is between 0.01$ and 1$, and if the person is sitting, walking, or working; the second one illus trates the CO-hemoglobin curves in nan (sitting, walking, working) for CO concen trations from O.Cl-O.O^; the third chart shows the decrease of CO-hmoglobin when the person inhalod pure air (those are based upon the author* s self exper iments). If the time during which an individual was working in CO air, the time elapsed between his removal and the taking of the blood sample, and the CO-heoo- globin of the sample are all known, the approximate concentration to which he was exposed can be estimated. . 733 Photo colorimetric Detemlnation of Fluorine in the Air with Zlrconiim-Alizsgin. M.M. Raines and 3.V, Kazachkova. J. Applied Chem.. (U.S.S.R.).13.153-156 (Russian with French summary.) Treat samples of air containing fluorine with 0.5 cc. each of Zr-allzarla indi cator, 3 N H2SO4 and 3 N HC1 in a volumetric flask. Add water to the mark, heat to boiling under a reflux condonser and cool rapidly. After 10 min., determine fluorine with the photocolorimeter. To prepare the Indicator, mix equal volumes -- of Zr (N03)4 (0.78 gn per 100 cc of water) and Na alizarinsulfonate (0.17 gi per -C = 100 cc of water). If interfering substances are present, fluorine should be dis tilled as HoSiFg from the solution after addition of the above roagents and the distillate should be treated again as above. For the determination of fluorine a standard curve should be constructed by using various amounts of fluorine solution of known concentration. By this method 0.001-0.002 ag of fluorine can be determined. 734 An Improved Air Sampling Device for Field Work. F.H. Van Atta and C.H. McClure. Tech. Papor No. 2, Illinois Dept, of Labor, April, 1941. A unit for sampling air for large lmpingers is described. It consists of a case containing pump, flovmeter, and impingcr rack. 735 Preservation of Health in the Rubber Industry. F. Warnecke. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg., 28, 1-19 (1941"). (German). An interesting description of the health hazards in the rubber industry and their prevention. Benzene and other solvents especially are discussod and seme interesting facts about the dangers of "Buna" (artificial rubber) production arc brought to light. The escaping vapors, especially of styTOl, irritate the skin. Individual processes and methods of decreasing their dangers are re ported, and there are a large numbor of illustrations. --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13-- 03118090 F HiiB6-0007*i23 -~'r\ 3 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12. 736 Mine Safety and Accident Prevention. R. Boone. Mines Mag., 31, 61-5 (February, 1941). This paper is one of z series covering the subject of mine safety. In previous installments (November and December, 1940 and January, 1941), most of the con sideration is given to accidents, vlth statistics, cost figures, safety rules, explosive and electrical hazards and gas and dust explosions. This paper deals with gas end dust hazards. The various gases found in nines, known to miners as blackdamp, firedamp, whitedamp, afterdamp, and stinkdamp, are described, and their effects and preventive measures are discussed. Blackdamp is the gas most usually present, and consists of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen in various quantities, and its effects are those of oxygen deficiency. Whitedamp is carbon monoxide, and afterdamp consists of carbon monoxide added to the constituents of blackdamp. Firedamp is any inflammable gas, mostly methane, and stlnkdamp is hydrogen sulfide. The known facts of the dust hazard are presented rather brief ly but adequately including the principal results of experimentation. The growth of the silicosis "racket" has been due to a concerted effort to hide the facts and to take as few preventive measures as possible. Health problems in the mining industry should he handled essentially as have safety problems and cooperation between the management, the engineer and the physician is necessary in ordor to solve them. Pre-employment examinations, individual susceptibility, safe dust concentrations and preventive measures are discussed. In the March issue suggestions for reducing accidents are given, and in the concluding in stallment (May, 1941) safety organizations, rules and systems of reports arm considered. 5 737 Air Douches as Means of Air Conditioning Warm Workrooms. W. Liese. Qlasteolfc* nische Bcr., 19, 119-125 (April. 1941). (German) This article presents the results of the author's experiments carried out in a glass plant to determine the effect of heat radiation on the skin of the face at different temperatures, and the effectiveness of air douches for alleviating disagreeable effects of heat radiation. (See Abstract No.209, March, 1940), 738 Fog Formation in -/forking Chambers of Pneimatic Caissons. 0. K. Froehlich. Ingeniur 55, B95-95 (June 14. 1940).' (German). This is an account of an investigation of tho cause of fog formation in the work ing chambers of pneumatic caissons. Preventive measures ere discussed at con siderable length. 739 Local Ceding of Workers in Hot Industry. F.C. Houghten and others. Heating, Piping & Air Cond., 13, 462-465 (July. 1941). This paper discusses a study of two methods of local cooling applications, the results boing limited to atmospheric conditions of approximately 50# relative humidity and either a 2500 fpo blast of cool air from a 4-in. nozzle located close to the worker, or a cool air supply of approximately 20 cf through a loose-fitting coverall suit. The study shows conclusively that workers may be kept free from body temperature ri3e, excessive increase in pulse rate, and from perspiration with either a blast of cool air or by ventilating their clothing with cool aj,r. 740 Spirochetosis Icterohemorrhagica as an Occupational Disease. EtienneJiartin. Mod. du travail 12, 97-133 (1940)7 (French). " In recent years this disease has appoared in only four mines with 31 cases, two of which were fatal. The disease only appeared in mines harboring infected rats. For prevention the author proposes eradication of rats, acidification of mine mud, prohibition of eating in mines, supplying pure drinking water, hygiene of the mines, and compulsory reporting of spirochetosis. 03118091 r HwB8-0B07q?*i Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. 741 Industrial Health -- A Medical Opportunity. C.M. Peterson. Virginia Had. Monthly 67-70 (1941). Industrial medicine should occupy a greater part of medical education. Physi cians should take a greater interest in wrkers* health -- it would be of advan tage to thee, to the vrorker and to the community. The widespread adoption of workmens compensation legislation makes it imperative for physicians to recog nize and report industrial diseases. Medical societies, both state and local, are organizing committees for the improvement and dissemination of such wrk in their communities. To achieve the best results, all groups public and private, should collaborate. 742 Importance of Constitution and Pace in the Origin of Occupational Diseases. N.V. Jagic and H. Seyfried. Med. Klin., 51, 1411-1413 (1940). (GemanH This is a discussion of the differences between occupational diseases that are entirely independent of the personality and disposition to illness, diseases caused by heredity .and constitution, and diseases depending on constitution and special disposition, but finally becoming manifest by environmental influences. The authors stress the importance of constitution and race, citing examples, such as that asthenic persons have a higher susceptibility to poison* and to joint injury by pneumatic tools, and that pyknic persons havo a higher suscepti* bility to dust diseases. Consideration of race .and constitutional type are of value not only in giving expert opinions on occupational diseases, but also An prevention. 743 Organic Angina Pectoris Electrics. S. Koeppen. Munch, med. Wchaschr., 7, ` 1289-1292 (November 22, 1940). (Gorman). - The author concludes that an electric injury to the heart can be accepted Otty if the accident is immediately followed by cardiac disturbances, but tMt anatomically demonstrable changes cannot be expected because the current act* for only an extremely short time. He statos that 16 of his 93 cases presented the aspects of organic angina pectoris electrics. This disorder is due to an impairment of the stimulus conduction system; that is, of the fonation of the stimulus as we11 as of its course. Elcctrocardiographically, the disorder pro* sents itself (l) as a coronary insufficiency, (2) as an auricular fibrillation, and (3) as disturbances in the conduction of the stimulus. He regards electrl* cal angina pectoris as a result of direct electrical action on the cardiac con* duction system. 744 Prophylaxis of Throat Infection. R.E. King. Brit. Mod. J., 154-155 (fobru* ary 1, 1941). ' In an effort to reduce the incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract produced in overcrowded air raid shelters, a throat spray of 15-20J& sodiv* hypochlorite was employed. A remarkable reduction In acuta and subacute . streptococcic throat infections was noted. There was practically no difference in the incidence, severity and duration of common colds in treated and untreatod groups. The favorable results have an obvious industrial si^xifioanee* 745 Peripheral Vascular Disease in Industry. B.T. Horton. Virginia Med. Monthly, jB, 131-137 (March, 1941). Workers with peripheral vascular disease, especially thrembo-angitia obliterans, must be given work which will not aggravate the disease and lead to serious complications and amputation. Dividing peripheral arterial diseases of the ex tremities into functional and organic groups, Raynaud's disease and arterie* sclerosis obliterans arc the coiaaoncst. There is also a discussion of mechanical devices used in treatment. __ 03118092 w Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. HM8B-0007*25 746 Spirochetal Jaundjoe (Wells* Diseaae). N. Bloom and H. Walker. Virginia Med. Monthly, 66, 192-200 (April, 1941). Seven instances of Weils' disease are presented, with autopsy findings in the five fatal cases. The authors beliove there wob an occupational factor in only one case that of a junk dealer who may have come in contact with rats during his work. Interstitial nephritis was the most common and by far the most impor tant pathological change -- the authors consider it the cause of death. Many cases are probably mistaken for catarrhal jaundice. The symdromo of acute fever, with generalized aching and tenderness of the body, and jaundice should suggest V/eils' disease -- the differential diagnosis being aided by the presence of mus cular pains and kidney involvement. 747 Military Explosives. G.D. Rogers. Nat. Safety News, 44, 22-23, 77-80 (July, 1941). A discussion of the methods for controlling accident and health hazards in ex plosives manufacturing and ammunition loading plants. The manufacture and use of Tctryl, a booster used to insure high order detonations of boot and shell fillers, has a real health hazqrd associated with it. The toxic effects of the vapor3 from the sulphanators, nitrator, and recrystalllzcrs, and the effects of the crystalline totryl itself are all dangerous. Its effects aro similar to those of TNT. INI, amatol, ether, benzol, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride and many other toxic substances arc used in tho explosives industry. - 748 Reduce Noiso in Steel Foundry Cleaning Room. A.H. Allen, Foundry 69, 60- 61^ 143~(September, 1941). It has been estimated by tho National Noise Abatement Council that daily losses in industry because of excessive noise amount to approximately #2,000,000. The loss is measured in toms of lessened effective effort by workmen subjected to continuous loud noise. This article recounts a program to rearrange a foundry and erect an entirely new cleaning room which would take advantage of the latest ideas in the technique of foundry noise absorption. Many noise-producing oper ations wore housed in acoustically treated booths, and the interior of the building, Including walls and roof, was treated oompletely with acoustic mater ial. Expressions have already boon received from the workmen indicating their approval of the noise reduction methods which have been instituted. Management is convinced that the expenditure will certainly be translated into more effi cient and faster operations in the plant. 749 Dust Control System Design, Installation and Operation from the Coanonsonse Standpoint^ F.F. Kravath. Heat. & Vent.. 38 , 28-31 (June. 1941). Points to be gained from installation of ah effective exhaust system, well de signed and maintained, are emphasized. The advice of an expert or consultant should be employed wherever possible. There is a discussion of the importance of maintaining standards and of giving physical examinations. 750. .Lighting and Efficiency. E. Kamnerer. Zbl. f. Gcworbehyg., 28, 33-40 (1941). (Gorman). Increasing the intensity of illumination increases visual acuity, but beyond a certain intensity this is very slight. Intensity must correspond to the fineness of the work, but tho direction from which the light enters the field of work is also important. Blinding by the light and by the reflections from the work is to be avoided. Mercury and sodium lights may be of use* since color is some times of importance. Examples are given of the economy of better illuaination. --Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- 03118093 HhBB-6007426 Digest of Industrial Ityglene - 15. 751 Industrial Health Defense: How Plant Engineers San Make Field Measurements of Industrial Ventilation. W.C.L. Haaeon. Heating, Piping 4c Air Cond., 13, 22-28 (1941). Apparatus for making field measurements of airflow in industrial exhaust equip ment 'is described. Chemical smoke producers for tracing leaks or direction of air movement are discussed and illustrated as are the u-tube manometer and the pitot tube for measuring velocities. Also shewn is a carrying case for these instruments. 752 The Prevention and Treatment of Affections Occurring in the Magnesium Industry. N. Kypher. Practitioner. 1467~92-99 (February. 1941). Some of the occupational exposures resulting in the production and processing of magnesium arc discussed. Brief references are made to magnesium dust and pneumoconiosis, bichromate baths used in troating magnesiim castings, sulfur dioxide, magnesium fluoride and exposure to x-rays in inspection of castings. The treatment of ailments resulting from the several exposures is given in detail. 753 Injuries and Damage to the Ear by Explosion and Sound. A. Groifcnstein. Munch, mod. iVchnschr. 1345-1350 (1940). (German). The subjtot of lmjo^ioe to the ear by acute and chronic occupational Influences is reviewed. V/ar injuries are discussed in detail: damage from firing one?sbot, by the effect repeated firing in a short time, noise in flying end noise frdfc motors and propellors. $ 4 754 Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases by the General Medical Practitioner* & Straus. 111. Mod. J., 79, 247-251 (March," 1941)". " .' This is the first of a series of articles by the Director of Industrial Hygiene, Illinois Department of Labor, intended to acquaint the general practitioner with the problem of occupational diseases. Specific hazards will be dealt with later. Attention i3 directed to the need for getting a complete occupational history, 755 Industry Must Accept Obligation to Protect Eyosicht of Workers. M. Davidson. Concrete (CementMill Ed.) 49. 184-135 (June, 1941). There are two aspects to the obligation of industry to safeguard its workers* eyes. One is to make the environment safe for the worker by eliminating hazards causing accidents, and the dusts, fines, intoxications and poor llliaiBatlon, responsible for occupational diseases. Much has been accomplished in this con nection. The other aspect, that of making the worker safe for himself, his co-worker and industry, has not yet received tho recognition it deserves. It involves proper vocational guidance and advice for tho applicant with irremedi able defective eyesight and for tho workor who has acquired It in the course of his employment. A survey of tho incidence of true defective eyesight Msng the industrial population in terms of its most important element, visual acuity, indicates about 14$ to 18$, with most probably lose than one half serious, dofoctives. 756 New Theories Concerning the Origin of Myopia. K. Lindner. Klin. Monatabl. f. Augonheil. p. 582 (1939). (German). The author presents his concept that myopia may be acquired by ircrking at close range, in opposition to the concept of Steiger, prevailing today, that it is always inherited. The occupational implications of this proposition are obvious. --Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Mot. 12-13-- 03118094 r HHBB-0007427 t / _< = Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 16. 757 Aero-Otitis Media in Compressed Air Workers. Treatment with Helium-Oxygen Mixtures. W.H. Requarth. J.A.M.A. 116. 1766-1769_(April 19, 1941). This condition was originally described in aviators but is found quite often in compressed air workers as well. Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is the pri mary cause and is most often due to upper respiratory infections. Pathological ly, there is deformity and hyperemia of the tympanic membrane, and serous or sanguineous exudate in the middle ear. Clinically there i3 tinnitus, earache and impairment of hearing. Perforation of the dram with subsequent suppuration is the most frequent complication, with occasional permanent impairment of hear ing. Pre-employment estimates are useful in eliminating those who are predis posed to upper respiratory infections, in correcting defects thay may contribute to repeated infections and not allowing an individual to work while suffering from a respiratory infection. Treatment with heliua is outlined. 758 Health Conditions in the Glass Industry. Pluhar. Arteitsschutz, 11-15 (1941). Several months ago a paper appeared on the health hazards of glass workers. The author, an employe of the insurance association of the glass industry, now pub lishes data from the association's material. He charts curves on tbo frequency of lead poisoning, CO poisoning and cataract on the reported and compensated cases. As only 3uch cases arc compensated which cause death or a disability for more than 13 weeks, it is to bo understood that the figures are small, especial ly concerning compensated Pb and CO poisoning cases. From 1926-1939, 406 cases of cataract had been compensated, but the compensation law has been retroactive for several years. 92# of these cases arose in hollow ware and bottle manufacture, a fact that is easily understood since it Is also true that cataract is found only in certain districts because of the particular typa of operation, so that exposure of the eyes to radiation is different in different districts. It is unfortunate that the author does not present figures on sili cosis which is the most important occupational disease; he remarks only that 60# of the cases developed in making pots and tubs, as a result of inhaling clay dust which contains up to SC# free silica. There are other less cosaon diseases upon which the author touches briefly. 759 Xerosis of the Cornea pmnnp Glass Blowers. H.M. Kiparisov. Vestnik Oftal., 17. 1-2,100 (1940). (Russian)'. ' The routine examination of 600 glass workers showod that 14.6# of them had ocular disturbances. Of those, 1.3# had cataract, but the relation between their work and the lenticular opacities were not definite, because these workers were all over 40 years of age. Conjunctival hyperemia, found in 11.6# of the workers, cleared up 2 or 3 hours after work. One man who worked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm. The deleterious effect of light and heat in this Industry is indicated by 8 cases of corneal xerosis. Tvro cases of optic neuritis could be attributed to the effect of ultra violet rays. The author urges that '.Yorkers havo their eyes examined before entering the Industry, and that the administrative department be charged with the responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic measures. Papers cn Industrial Poisons. Cancor, Deimatitis. etc. 760 Focal Infection and Occupational Eczema. F. Koch. Arch.f.Denamt. u. Syph., ISO, 47-50 (1940). (German!. ~ Fecal infection is frequent both in persons with occupational eczema and in healthy persons -- no etiological relationship could be established. The success of the therapy was the same in eczematous patients with and without focal infec tions; the removal of the foci was without effect on the eczaia. Q3118095 W nWB6-fiu074?8 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 17. 761 Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Occupational Diseases of the Skin. G. Hopf. Zeitschr. f7 artz. Tortbild.. 38 . 33-38 (1941). (German)7 The importance of the occupational factor may be doubted and individual aspects considered if a skin disease continues mere than six months after ceasing work. Negative skin tests are not always proof that there is no causal relationship between the disease and the occupation. Positive tests are important but not necessarily a proof. In diagnosis and prevention, inspection of work, workroom and worker are important. 762 Pathogenesis of Hypersensitivity to Flour and Persulfate in Flour Workers* H.A.E. van Dishoeck and D.J. Roux. Arch f. Dematol. u. Syph., 181, 34-40 (1940). (Gorman). A discussion of the significance of flour and persulfate allergy and their im portance in the origin of bakers' and millers* diseasds. Nearly every baker and miller with rhinitis vasomotoria, astftaa and eczema shovra positive reaction to flour. Epithelial persulfate allergy is positive only in bakers suffering with florid eczema in a portion of the cases. But Gorman authors found positive per sulfate reactions in 75-80# of the eczematous bakers. Tho authors stress the point that flour allergy is acquired by inhalation; tho skin irritation from wet flour, water, etc. promotes tho development of persulfate allergy. 763 Value of Skin Tests in Recognizing and Preventing Occupational Dermatosis. F~7 Koch. Wien, mod. Wchnschr. 9l7 6-9 (1941)'. . 'T"~*n 1 " Skin diseases which are apparently occupational in etiology may be shown to caused by substances not used in the patient's work. Early recognition of, . cause is also useful in preventing a sensitivity from becoming polyvalesl* It is imperative to make the skin test with the actual substance used is the plant, not with a substance of the same nemo. Variability in the results of testa and the dermatosos caused by friction (eczema of masons) must be kept In mind* 764 A New Industrial Skin Cleanser. L. Schwartz. Pub. Health Repts., 56, 1708-1790 (September 5~, 1941). Harsh skin cleansers have frequently been found to be the cause of dexnatitis rather than the materials being handled or manufactured. This is especially true of materials hard to remove from the skin. A milder and yet effective akin cleanser is composed of a sulfonated oil (cither animal or vegetable), a wetting agent and optionally a small amount of trisodium phosphate or sodium hexameta phosphate. This cleanser has been very useful in cases of eczema and defatted skins in which olive oil was previously used as a cleanser. It has also been used in cases of atopic eczema in children. -- 765 Sudden Appearance of an Occupational Eczema Among Most of the Worken in a Hew Division of a Chemical Plant. J. Rochstcad. Nordisk, Mod., 9^ 982-986 (194lJ7 (Scandinavian). Eczema appeared among the workers in an experimental laboratory after using hcK^nitrodlphenylamine. The affected men gave positive results with epioutaneous tests. Dining illness sensitivity improved and normal persons were easily sen sitized. Urethan ointment decreased the effect of tho chemical. 766 Mule-Spinner's Cancer. E.M. Brockbank. 3rit. Med. J., pp. 622-625 (April 26, 1941)7 Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing 150 mule-spinn ers v.lth epithelioma of tho scrotum. Over 80# were on the left side. The spindles throw oil onto tho men* s clothing and being of a mineral carcinogenic type, readily produces skin cancers. Poriodic examinations arc of the utmost importance. Substitution of hanaless oils is suggested. 03118096 p* Hi/BB-000>*i29 Digest of Industrial Hygiene * 18* 767 Toxic Effects of Iroko. JJC. Davidson. Lancet, 1, 38*39 (1941). (Great Britain) Description of severe dexmatltls in most of the 50 nen who handled ixoko logs or freshly sawed planks. Nine men had severe symptoms, some appearing within 1-2 hours, including Itching of exposed parts as well as of the genitals, axilla, back of knee, etc. In seme men edma of the face, ocular irritation and blepharo spasm developed. Chest constriction, cough and other respiratory manifestations were othor symptoms. four to 5 weeks were required to clear up the trouble. Only tw of the men had developed sensitivity te other wood, Iroko is the ccomon o. and trade name for Chlorophora excelsa. also known technically as mvule, odua and kambala; it comes from East and West Africa. 768 Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Occupation in Texas: Review of 1569 Veri fied Lesions Occurring in 1190 Porsona. C. Phillips. Texas State J. Mod., 36. 613-616(1941). This is an analysis of a study by the U.S. Public Health Service as to the inci dence of occupational cutaneous cancer in Texas over a 20 year poriod. In the order of frequency, the lesions were basal cell epithelioma, squamous cell epithalioma, transitional cell epithelioma, adenocarcinoma of the sweat or sebaceous glands, fibroxanthosarcoma and epithelioma in sebaceous cysts. The occupations in the order of size are outdoor work (farming and ranching), housewivos, various business activities requiring moderate outdoor life, professiems, laborers and carpenters, railroad and petroleim workers. All but 12.291 of pi lesions were traced to occupation. A study of 123 melanomas showed no relaSMI to occupation. 769 Asphalt as an Antigen. R. Hasche-Klunder. Dtsch. med. Wchnschr. jfe StriBflPt (1940). (German). Report of a case of bronchial astina in a Danish street worker while using asphalt oil. This substance is a product of creosote derived from coal distill ation, and has nothing to do with asphalt. Another case is mentioned showing susceptibility to bitumen. 770 Arsenic and Goitre. G.R. Sharpless and M. Metzger. J. Attrition* 3dhM6 (April 10, 1941). Arsenic can act as a positive goltorogenic substance In rats. Iodins can reduce this goltorogenic action as wall as the toxicity of mull amovmtt of inml if Ingestion of arsenic may double the iodine requirement. Arsenic may exert its goltorogenic effect indirectly by interfering with seme of the nonml oxidation reduction systems, perhaps by combining with sulphydryl groups or some other way. Cell oxidation is hindered in this way and the thyroid is stimulated In an attempt to ccaipensate for lost oxidative capacity. 771 Symptoms of Acute Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning with Speolal Reference to Neurologic Disturbances. M. Werner. Dtsch. Zeitschr. f. Nervenhollk., 151. 122W137 (1941). (Gexman). Exposure to hydrocyanic acid gas produced unconsciousness with dyspnea. The worker recovered after a day in the hospital, but two days later he relapsed* with hypotonia, ataxia, adiadochoclnesls (symptoms of cerebellar affection), more on the left than on the right side. He had headache and disturbance of the circulation in hands and foot; inner ear deafness developed four days later. After about 14 weeks, those symptoms disappeared. There is a discussion of these symptoms and the literature on the subjoct. ---Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13-- 03118037 W HtfBB~0B07Ji30 Digest of Industrial fygieae - 19. 772 The Effect of Sodivn Thiosulfate on Excretion of Arsenic. E.T. Cedar, X*. Zon and M.B. Klinger. Vener. Pis. Inform., 22. 123-129 (April, 1941). The phaimacologic action of sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of arsenic poi soning is still a controversial issue. A disparity exists in the results of pre vious studies in this problem, which might be explained on technical difficulties of arsenic analysis and the selection of subjects. Ten syphilitic patients, each of whoa had completed an orthodox course of neoarsphenaaine therapy, were selected for this study. Six of them received sodium thiosulfate, while the re maining four were used as controls. The arsonic content of urine and feces was analyzed in tho30 subjects over a period ranging from the 1st to the 23rd day following the ccmplotion of tho course of neoarsphenamlne therapy. The urinary, focal or total arsenic excretion was not significantly affected by ad ministration of soditxn thiosulfate in popularly used therapeutic dosage. The question as to clinical efficacy of this compound in tho treatment of arsenic poisoning might be raised, as the strongost case for its clinical use has been based on the supposition that it mobilized the excessive arsenic stored in the body depots. 773 Experimental Studies on Aniline Bladder Tumors. S. Morigami and I. Nlsimura* Gann, 34, 146-147 (1940). In view of the occurrence of bladder cancer among aniline workers the authors attempted to produce the disease experimentally by o-toluidin and benzidine4 Rabbits, guinea-pigs, and rats wore used. A 1% solution of o-toluidin in olive oil was injected subcutaneously 6 times a week in 0.1 cc doses. In other es perinonts o-toluidin and benzidine were dissolved in chlorofoi*, in the rst|b of 5$, and the solutions wore applied to the skin of the back ovory other dijft r Bladdor papilloma was produced in animals recolving Injections of o-toluidin that survived over 100 days. R.abbita were especially resistant to the toxic action of tho chemical and showed a high incidence of papilloma* Benzidine proved more toxic, but -when animals withstood the treatment long enough this sub stance also produced atypical proliferation of bladder opitheliwu Unfortunate ly, for the proper evaluation of the experimental results nwbers of aninela used and cf those developing papilloma are not given. Huoper produced neoplastic lesions of the bladder in 9 of 16 dogs treated with bota-oaphthylamine* 774 The Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on the Metabolism of Lead* J.B. Shields and" H.H. Mitchell. J. Nutrition. 21. 541-552 (June 10. 1941)'. . 1. A low content of calcium or of phosphorus or of both in tho diet induced a high retention of lead in comparison with diets containing higher mineral levels* In fact, the only method of securing lead storage in adult rats on the moderate cohcentration of dietary lead used (32 p.p.m.) Is to lower the caloliai content of the diot to inadequate or borderline lovels. 2. Excessive dietary levels of calciisa and phosphorus are net appreciably moro protective against the assimilation of lead by the body than are levels approxi mating tho requirements* This statement applies only to the aoderat# levels of dietary load employed.' 3. Under the imposed conditions of variablo dietary concentrations of calciua and phosphorus, the retention of calciua runs in a diametrically opposite direc tion to the retention of lead. 4. Under conditions of practical nutrition, an adoquate intake of calcitm and of phosphorus presumably protects the body against appreciable assimilation of the low levels cf diotary lead involved in the usual lead hazard of modem life. This protoction is more effective in the adult than in the adolescent for any given concentration of calcium and pircsphorus, possibly because the mineral meta bolism of the bone trabeculae is considerably less intense in the adult than in tho growing organic. . Q3118098 r HDB6-0007431 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 20. 775 Lead Encephalopathy in Children and Adults: Clinicopatholcgic Study. A.J. Akelaitis. J. Nerv. and Kent. Die., 93, 313-332 (March, 1941J. The post-mortem study suggests that the structural changes in children and adults arc a result of edema with exudation and hyperplastic changes in the leptomeninges and endothelial colls of the blood vessels. The symptoms in adxilts arc similar to those of any brain inflammation, and diagnosis rests on the presence of a lead line. 776 Bohavior of the Alkali Reserve and the j* of the Urine Before and After Injec tions of Calcium and Mognesiim. R. Massiono and B. Baroggi. Med. del Lavoro 32, 63-70 (1941). (Italian). Thirteen cases of lead poisoning were treated by injection of calcina chloride and magnesium 3ulfate. The authors conclude that some degree of acidosis is pre sent in all cases of load colic. The alkaline reserve increases after the in jection of calcium and decreases after injection of magnesiia sulfate. No change is shown by the urine pH. ri 777 Lead Storage Battory Manufacture in the State of Illinois. G.W. Daubenspeck and C.H. McClure. Biv. Fact. Inspect. Illinois Dopt. of Labor, Chicago, Tech. Paper No. 1, (March, 1941). A report of conditions found in industry and recommondations of needed changes in equipment and in processes. Importance of air cleanliness is stressed and data from sampling with the impinger in various operations is given. % 778 Nicotine and Internal Socrotion. II. Dangers to Women Working in Tobacco Faster* ies? P. Gumbrecht and'A. Looser. Arch, f. exp.'Path. u. Pham.. ire. 14SInl (1940). (German). The authors showed in a previous publication (seme issue, pp. 121-142), that the reproduction organs and the thyroid arc the most sensitive of the endocrine glands to nicotine. Two hundred eighty tobacco workers and 472 textile workers were investigated; no difference was found, although the tobacco workers eonplained more frequently of dysmenorrhea. Overstraining (combined work in fac tory and home, a long walk to work, etc.) probably cause symptoms referable to tho thyroid which wore frequently encountered. 779 Experimental Poisoning by Selenium with Special Regard to its Bffoofti on the Bonos. F.K. Bauer. Lrch.f.Goworbenath.. 10. 117.132 (1940). (German). Chronic poisoning of animals with selenium is reported. Bone changtt are des cribed and illustrated with microscopic sections. Metabolic changes are show. The amounts of soicnixa found in tho organs was vory tiny. 780 Phosphine Poisoning (Animal Experiments). I. Acute and Subacute Poisoning. v;, Muller. Arch, f. ora- Path, u. Pham... 195. 104-193 (1940). (German). Tho widespread use of insecticidos which give rise to phosphine suggested these experiments. It was shown that in concentrations of 1:40,000 death occurred after 4 hours; with 1:50,000, after two exposures of four hours each; with 1:100,000, after seven exposures of 4 hours each. Concentrations of 1:200,000 could be endured for two months for four hours daily. One animal whieh had been exposed to such a concentration for five days died when the concentration was increased to 1:70,000 at the end of tho first four hours. Previous exposure bad diminished the resistance. 781 T.N.T. (Trinitrotoluene). Ind. Data Shee-t No. D-Che. 38. National Safety Council. Nat. Safety News. 44. 38, 40 (September, 1941}. Poisoning from TTTT may take place in throe ways: through respiration, by inges tion, cr by absorption through the skin. In addition to the systemic effects, dermatitis, through contact v/ith tho skin, can also occur. Precatrtions for pre vention are outlined. p HliBB-0007432 Digest of Industrial fygiena - 21. 782 Effects of Yellow Phosphorus and Arsenic Trloxide on Growing Bones and Growing Teeth* C.Q. Adana and B.O. Sarnat. Arch. Path., 30. 1192-1202 (1940). A generalized toxic effect of both substances was observed as manifested by a reduction in the rate of weight gained and bone growth. Yellow phosphorus pro duced a band of increased density, the formation of which was attributed to a diminished reaagtion of cartilage matrix and bone. A disturbed calcification of the dentin occurred in animals receiving the yellow phosphorus and arsenic tri oxide. These studios are of theoretical interest in revealing the effects of yellow phosphorus and arsenic trioxide on two types of calcified matrix. 783 Value of Vitamin c for Benzene Workers. 0. Libowitsky and H. Seyfried. V.'ion. klin. Wcbnschr., 53, 543-547 (l940). (Goman). The authors claim that, in workers exposed to benzene and its homologues, they often find symptoms typical of avitaminosis C. This is particularly true in the months in which there is a vitamin C deficiency in the food and by higher concentrations of vapors due to closed windows (November to April). Rumpel-Lede congestion experiments showed 6.3$ positive with the highest percentages in the winter months. Among the 59 cases with positive R\sapel-Lede tests were five casos with "clear benzene damage;" in four cases the blood showed "exceptional ly low leucocyte counts"; in the fifth case there was a "moderate leucopenia and anemia of high degree." The casos were treated with cevitamic acid and 19 be came negative to tho Ruapel-Lede test. Vitamin C may be used as a prophylactic in exposures to benzene. fc 784 Masks for Protection Against formaldehyde. Queries and Minor Motes* 116. 2639 (June 7. 1941)."' ' The activated charcoal used in many mask canisters will absorb formaldehyde "to a large degree." Although heavy concentrations of fomaldehyde are rare, it might be bettor to have workers wear supplied-air or oxygen masks. The toxic limits for fomaldehyde have not been fixed although 20 p.p.m. has been suggested. What is the role of employee health in industrial relations? Are any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production? What's now in tho study of aluminum powder? What are the latest legal trends? What ia. the audit of sick absenteeism showing? For the answer to those and scores of other pertinent questions in the field of employee health, plan to attend tho Foundation* s annual meeting Nov. 12-13. 03118100 HW6B-0007433 Oa ---n --j a a T ;: c_r -- -~-yp - Air sampling 734 Arsenic . and goitre 770 therapy 772 trloxide 782 Asbestosis lung cancer 711 with tuberculosis 712 Benzene and vitamin C 783 Cancer, skin 768 Carbon monoxide 732 Coal miners lungs 713 Constitution 742 Creosote 769 Dennatltis flour 762 hexa-nitrodiphenyl- amine 765 Iroko 767 role of infection 760 skin cleanser 764 skin tests 763 treatment 7a Dust control cement general hammer mill 724 749 723 Electric angina pectoris 743 Explosives, military poisoning 747 Eyesight glass blowers 759 myopia 756 protection 755 INDEX (September, 1941) Fluorine determination 733 Gases, explosion 731 Heat, excessive 737-739 Hydrocyanic acid 771 Hydrogen phosphide 728 Hydrogen sulfide 729 Illumination 750 Industrial disease legal aspects 725 Industrial medicine general 741-754 Lead battery industry 777 encephalopathy 775 treatment 774-776 Magnosliaa health hazards 752 736 Noise, excessive ear effects . 753 prevention 748 Phosphine 780 Phosphorus 782 Pressure, excessive 736-757 Reports dust survey 715-718 Respirators approved 726 for formaldehyde 784 Rubber industry 735 Selenium 779 Silicosis mineralogy 707-708-710 prevention 706 report 714-719 x-rays 720 Spray-painting protection 730 Statistics, morbidity and mortality -v glass workers 422- 756 Therapy oxygen injoction 721 throat infection 744 T.N.T. 781 . Tobacco workere 778 Tuborculoaie control 'fl.6-717 Tumors. bladder 773 Vascular disease 745 Ventilation instruments 751 Weils* disease 740-746 X-Ray miniature 709 mycosis fungoides 727 0.3118101 P Sss CA ^0 F HMBB-0007J09