Document 3JGNNyqqKgOwMDya5qyLVQodx

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1967 Oct DOC#: NSC095 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Transactions of the NSC - Vols. 1-28 1967 CONTENTS O F FICERS p. 5-20 CEMENT.QUARRY, MINERAL, OFF I C E R S p. 31-33 C HEMICAL OFFICERS p. 39-41 ARTICLE: COAL MININS SECTION - IMPORTANCE CF DUST CONTROL p. 3-3 p n e u m o c o n i o s is p. 3-5 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY IS DOING TO CONTROL DUST p . -3 S i1 1 C S dust p . Zi silicosis and other -espiratory ailments p. 5 CO A L MINING OFFICERS p. 36-33 ARTICLE: CONSTRUCTION S E CTION - OCCUPA- ZONAL HEALTH IN THE CON S T R U C T I O N INDUSTRY p. 21-25 lung cancer in asbestos insulators p. 21 asbestosis, asbestos dust, a s bestos spray cun p. 22 computer output of lung cancer in asbestos insulators p. 24 CON S T R U C T I O N OFFICERS p. 59-61 E LECTRICAL OFFICERS p. 14, 15 GLASS, CERAMICS, RUBBER. -'LASTICS OFFICERS . 43-46 P -N SC -29 ) ) VOLUME 1 OF THE TRANSACTIONS 55th NATIO N AL SAFETY CONGRESS (October 23-26, 1967, Cliictigo) Papers Delivered in the GENERAL SESSIONS (With List of Exhibitors and General Index) 000613 CONTENTS fi.e Years of Future D ates for the National Safety C o n g r e s s .................. I O'Seers of the National Safely Council 19G7-6B......................................................... r.-.isteos of the National Safely Council 19G7-68................................................ i : nil ol Directors of the National Safety Council 1967-6B hi '.'THAI. CO U N CIL M EETIN G i ...-catio n ............................................................................... Ih ih b i M orctcc.ai !Uni< .. i .V.mjtes of the Annual Council M e e tin g ........................................... H. L. f on. , ! Ii i .5 3 ........................................................................................ O /oo/is A fe C r.n u .i i ;; - e s s ........................................................................................ K enton Vm nl. in n : ?:.-J3ident's R e p o r t ..................................................................................Ilo w a n l hATtOMAL S A F E T Y C O N G R E S S BANQ UET lr...iG.ilion...........................................................................Dr. tV. H om y S liillm o ln n l uianal Safely Congress B a n q u e t................................................ - '.dors-- 55th National Safety Congress & Exposition to All (28) Volumes ol 1967 National Safety Congress Volumes in I967 National Salely Congress Transactions I I,u I. ( ) ( PLAN N O W TO ATTEND TH E 41 NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO t ,i f 11 ! The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and lire prevention . . . on safely in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1 9 6 8 O c t o b e r 28 31 1 9 6 9 O c to b e r 27 30 1970 O cto b e r 26 29 1971 O ctober 25 28 1972 O cto b e r 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ) f N a tio n a l Safety Council O F F IC E R S -1967-60 C h a irm a n , B o a rd o f D ire c to rs--A . S. A i s i o k , K \ e t iili\ c V ite I t . i tieni, Am erican Telephone and Telegraph Cotn|U m \ \Y u V i i . New York j PrcAtdcnf--Uow Atu P v i.E ,%P resident, N ational S .d e ly (ln m n il. ( hi 1 cago, Illinois i : Vice President for Farms--N o h m a n C . M in o iu im , D it r c lo i, N a lin o tl j 4-1 I S e rv ic e C o m m itte e , lm :., C h icag o , Illin o is : Vice PeM<Irif for E /m m cr--J . I I . S t n w A im N . l\ \ * n li\ c Vii* I V i \ d ent, 1-Hy P rod ucts ('n ip n in tin it, C h icag o , U ltim i. I I V irri F u'sid<`tit for Homes- |. I I . T v i.r .ii Mt:C:; .1 t 1., I*h \id*nl, I / !.. : w are T ru st Com pany, W ilm ington, Delaw aie \ V ic e P re jid e n f for In tim ity --I I . S . M c V aim .a n h . D iie t h .r ol P rism a :- I I Services, C enerai Motors Corporation, D e fin ii, M ichigan Vice President for Lalwr--A n n u m 1\ C n n i.v , S e c re ta iy -T u mmhi i . United D iew cry W orkers, C in cin nati, Ohio Vice President for M embership--1I lh m a n J. Sentati it, C a n lie M , ()h m Vice President for Motor Trum por/rtfim i--U.vim v K . l iu n e tm i . S-. .* E x e c u tiv e V ic e P re sid e n t, Fru e h a u f Corporation. !) tim i. M i*hi- r> Vice Presiiient for Production - 1Iota C o m e ., iiaiiMtt, D ia ko U n iv e rsity, l)e s M oines, Iowa i.l | ... V ic e President for Public nfounatum - J ohn J K a iu h ., V k i I . s.|. .,1 D irector of Special Piojects, C1IS Television N rliv m l., f.Yw New York Vice President for Puldic S afety--Ito iu m r A . O c c n , V ice I V V l . 1*1 (.at W o od Im h is tiic s , In c ., W a yn e , M iehigan V ice President for \cligious Leaders--Ishw in D . C a n iia m , Ed itm in C h ie f, T h e C h ristia n Science M onitor. Huston, Massachusetts N a tio n a l Safety Council (Ofjtten, confiimrdj \ ice President for Hcacuic/i --N o u v in C . K u r i n , M .D ., C h ie f M edical 1>ir<*c lo r. T h e E q u ita b le L if e A ssu ran ce Society of tlu* United Siale**. N ew Y tu k . N ew Vm k V ice President for Schools and Colic#c .y - l) ii. D c \v i:v 1**. Ha iu c ii, P res ident, D etroit Institute of Technolog y, D etroit, M ichigan P ire President for Stale and l.ocal Safety Or#ani:<ition\-C. U u k t l ii C iu .k n , V ic e P resident, Sou thern H ell Tele p h o n e and T cle g in p h Com pany, Louisville, Kentucky V ice President for T#nffte- lh n W e s t, A tto rn ey, Nashv ille , Tennessee V ice Vrc.\hltnt for W om en -M us. Ih m .u a : D a w so n , Illin o is Stale Legislator, Evanston, Illinois V ice President for Youth A ctivities--A i.t:x A . M a i.e s k i, Associate Dtivelor Program Services, Boys* C lu bs of A m erica, New York, New York Executive \V c* iV e iii/e iif--J o h n D . L .u v i .o ii, E xe c u tiv e V ice P re si dent, National Salety C o uncil, C h icago, Illin ois Seiictary and Treasurer -- L . F o u n ia , S e e ieta iy and T ie a su ie i, N a tional Safety Com ici), C hicago, Illino is Avvo/mif Ticasurcr--J . D . F u i .Him, D ire c to r, T re a su ry D ivisio n , N a tional Safety C o uncil, C hicago, Illin o is ) I N ational Safety Council TRUSTEES-1967-60 Chairman of the Tru\ti-c\ - 1Im vAim P \ i .i , i'M :id * iil. .\ .* i..,, .1 . i>< Council, Chicago, Illinois Vice Chairman of the Trusteev- A . E . P k iu .m v.\. P iv m lt n l, IN nn I . u tral, N ew York, New York Members A . S . A i .M'ON, E xe c u tiv e V ic e P ir s id in l, A in * ii in I ! pinu i. .1:. I Telegraph Com pany, New Yoik, New York ( E x-O ilk in ) E . H . B a i i .k v , P resident, Union Pacific H aihuad C o m p a n y , O .t. -i. i Nebraska M i-x v i n 11. I)a k i-:h , llo n o ra iy C h a irm a n , N atio nal C y p s iim i Dulfnlo, N ew York .j .. H. I '. Ha i ik I'JI, C h a irm a n , P P G In d u strie s. I im , P ill .hm i: I, Pi in I- i ula M ns. O i .i v e A . I)i :i :c i i , President and C h a iim a n , I h c t h A l u i . i t l < >n W ichita, Kansas C u a iu .cs D a n a B e n n e t t , W ashington, I) . C . 11a h o ld B e a n c k e , F o rm e r C h a irm a n , C elau cse O n ip iiia lio u of A. . i ica, N ew York, New York D . W . B iio sn an , Form er Chainnan, Southern H allw ay System , k inglini, !). C. i W a i . i i j i J . IU 'h k i:, S e c r r l.u y - T r r a s iin i. U nited St*--lu n ik* is <! \.t* * | iea, P ittsh iu g h , Pcnns>']vania f W a i . i i ii I1*. C a iu :v , P ie sid ru t, A iilu n m h ile C a u i* i-. Im . I finl. I. I . \ r* | J o s ii- t i F . (.`o il m a n , -fno, C iia iim a n , P h ilip M i.u i. , Im I : New York, New Yoik | J . D o y l e D iA V n r, C h a irm a n , T h e l ravel* %, 11.u Il*u d, ( !nuui i r i t Motional Safety Council 17'iiiWcrv, ftmtiimcd) lU s s ii.i. D i Y o u n o , C lia itm aii, ( midyear T in \ Itubber Com pany, A kron, ( )hio k iM t 'io s D c n n , Chairm an of the Hoard, A H K X Cotporation, New ^o ik , i\V\v Voile K m i i .i . I', m .1 I 'o n r. D ire e lo r, K . I. (In Itu .. W iliniiit'.liin. D e law are * de N Tm nnrs & C o m p an y, T . M. liw.N.s. Chainnan, (aane Co., N rw York. New Yoik Jim vi.s I I. C o ir , President, Uojlt il Slates M i I Corporation, PiltsIm i^h. Pi nnsylvania I;'.. il<ii..\Nn llvimiM AN*, Hrown brothers lla n im a ii and C o m p an y, N ew V otk, N'tw Voik j . V . lliao>, Chaiim au oi the Hoards, T h e Continental lo su ia m e Com panies, New* Y ork, N ew York ! W i i .i .ia m A. I I k w h t , Chairm an, Deere & Com pany, M oline, Illinois C .n .xsr K it .o n , \ace Chahm an. The Ktpntable Lite Assmanee Society ol the United Stales, New York, New York | w u s U Ktutt. President, Aven ( iipoiathm , New York. New York J o n s H. SiMtii iujv. k m i h r i l y - C l a i k C o r p o r a t i o n , Net-nah , W is c o n s in Jo su rit L . L an iih j, Chairm an, W est Point-Peppi acll, In c., W est Point, G e o ig ia S i a n i .l v I . i :a u n i ;i >, V ic e C h a in n a n , P h illip s Petroleum C o m p an y, Maillesvitle, ( iklahnuia K o m u n ii ! ' . M a u i in , Ch airm an , Metlilehem Steel Corporation, Hellilehem , Pennsylvania J. A. M a iit in ii, Chairm an, National Lead Com pany, New York, New Yoik M insv M a s o n , J ., C haiunau, Union C arbide C m p niation, New Yoik, New York Ni n. Mi l a i n , C h a m n a o , I In P r o c te r i\ ( a m i d e C o m p a n y , C io cin nail, Ohio ) Mcitioncil Safety Council I / III /i i v i.t)*.' - ! Iti Hll ll I S . ( ) | .1.M A N , ( J l- lil 111,111, I In ' N .ll i u n ;i! < ..4 -it lt< I'.C l ' i < .1.1MI. II. D uvlnit, O liio A. K . I 'iuu.m a n , l`rcsi(Scnl, re im Central, New Y o ik, New Yoik O . L . r m u . i m : , C'h a ilm a n of (lie K n a u l, C e n c ia i M e c tiic Y 1111.*i New York, New Ymk 11<lU 'A itu r v i.K . l 'ic s h lc n t, N ational N alely C omim il. ( !hi< Fx-O ificio ) i j IIS** i j. M . Hocau:, President, General Motors Co ip oialio n. lan I I. I. Ho m n k s , C h airm an , Am erican Telephone amt T c h m pany, N ew York, New York Mi* I i ( .1 III II. S . S riiV tN 'sON, C h a irm a n , A llis-C lia ltn c is M a n n ia i lot in i' Cnm .n,\ M ilw aukee, W isconsin D ll. J o h n K . T iio m i-soN, H o n o r,uy C h a iu u a o , 'th e lu lc itia th m .d N ickel Com pany, In c., New York, New Yoik L vnn A . T o w n s i.no, C h airm an , C h iy s lc r Cm po i.ilio n . I M m i t . M e i an M . J. W a u n o c k , C h a iitn .o i, A llusio n e* C!I. i l 'e iiiis jlv a n ia ( .. i j J o h n L . W tU N luaio, F a rin e r, G oldm an, Sachs A C o m p a io . N*' \ il . New York I I u n i i j i V . W llA iciO N , C e n e rai l Y i'M ih n l, Intern atio n a l G u in o <V f eratin F.n|inrcrs, Washington. D . C. U o iiK ar \Y . W o oim ui r , Chairm an, Finance Committee, 'Un C Cola Com pany, A llanta, Ceo ij'ia M . A . W n if .i u , C h airm an of the Donni, l l o m h h O il i\ t( lmiii`: <**:*, pany, I hm st^J^g)|s ' ^ 7^ 0006 Ili It i N a tio n a l Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS-1967-68 Chairman of the Bruird of D iu v to n --A . S . A l s i o .n , K x c c u liv e V ice President, Am erican Telephone am! Telegraph Com pany, New York, N ew York Vice-Chairman o f the Board o f Directors--Do. D e w e y F . B ahicii, President, Detroit Institute of Technology, D etroit, M ichigan Members Km e.vuo S . A i ia .m s, D ire cto r of M a h iy. Io w a Fa rm B u re a u , Des M oines, Iow a W u .i .ia m it . A ikx m s, President, St. Ilrg is Paper C o m p an y, N ew Y o ik , New Yoik K o m m if . A i .iiis s e ii, Safety Coordinator, C'oipm ate Personnel R ela tions, M erck U C o ., In c., llahw ay, New Jersey C o m -: A . A i .i .k x , V ic e President, A m erican M u tu al l.ia h ilit y Insurance Com pany, W akefield, Massachusetts A . S . Ai .m o n , F.xe cu tivc V ice President, A m erican T e le p h o n e and Telegraph Com pany, New York, New York Sid n e y A i .t e h m a n , President, Alterm an Transport Lin e s, In c ., M iam i, Florida . D u iu .k y A fm u v , M anager, M etropolitan N ew O rleans Safety C o u n cil, New O rleans, Louisiana K tc iiA u n 13. Avion, M anaging D irecto r, M etropolitan S a fe ly C o u n cil, D enver, Colorado D u . D i :w i;y F . B a u k :i i , P ie sid e u l, D etroit lii.stilu te r>f T ech no lo g y, D etroit, M ichigan I*'. U. B a u n a k o , M anager of Com pensation and S a fe ty , Bethlehem Steel Coiporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania M. I \ B i \ m :a h i>i , M anager, Safety & W o ikm eu's Co m pensatio n S e rv ices, A ilis-C halm eis M anufacturing Com pany, M ilw aukee, W iscon sin On. IticiiA im W . B isn o e, Associate Professor, Physical Education D e partment, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida Fm vAim J. B o c k, Vice President, Monsanto Com pany, St. Lo u is, M is soni i Ko m arr F . Bow ens, Director Personnel (teintions, C h rysler Corpora tion, Detroit, M ichigan ) N ational Safety Council < / ) . , - C ,u n t o li. \V. Ilo voi-:, C h ie f K d iln t - K lret O-.viti t M.t"a/hi< . M * i H ill. Int*., N ew Y o lk , N rw Yoik O a i .naii n o m in i, M ana ger of T e c h n ic a l S n v i n s . '11*<* K .|in i .1 I Lift* Assurance Society of ilio Uniteti States, N o v Yntk, Ni w Y I C i .a iik I ) . Bitinta-:*, M aua^io^ D it c e lo i, in tlu sh ial M e ilira l Ava t Ij . i . Chicago, Illinois R u s s ia .i. I . Biio w n , H o ik v ille , M a iy la n ti | a m i:s ( ). B u itl'O, P ie std e iit, fam es B iu p n I usui am e, f i n . S .t i -i . m i.i , C a lifo rn ia * I I a iio i.d lUm soN, P r e s i d e n t , M m s o m M . listelli t A ss il li at e ;. N. v ',..,1 N ew York C l. AVION I ) . C A I.KINS, M aN .ijN i, S a le ly fi Tei Minin I, l'.ii il.. * | . .* 'I'n itk i )} (! ,, S;m h iiin is io , C a liln m ia ISltwiN I ) . C a Niia m , l lilo r in C hief, 'H ie ('.Inistian S e ie ia c Mm e , Boston, Massachusetts W a i .tc h l*\ C a iu .v , P residen t, A uto m obile C a iiie is I ih K lin t. M i. In an A i .i. icn I .. C o n n , D ire c to r o f In d u s tria l S a fe ty , Kastm an Kodak C .-i,, pany, Itoclioster, New York D u . S k y m o u ii j . C o ih -in , T h e A u slie Km et Ss n.ie.";i< , ( li< ay. H I... . J o h n T . C o u i.ucu, S p e c ia l Projects O llie e r, I .ey.islation and PuMw M fairs, U . S . D ep artm ent of H e a lth , K d tic a iin n and W c lfa ic \\ . 1 inj'lon, D . C. P a iji, If. OoNNia.lJvY, United H jn liiejlio n d iif ( ;.njw n li c, .m .l J . . of Am erica, W ashington, I) . C . D n . Jo h n D . C o n n o iis , K x c e u liv o S e c ir tn iy , Co m m ittee on S .| . I O ccupational H ealth , Am ettcan Kederatioii of l.alim .md Cm , of Industrial O rganizations, W ashington, D. C . John M. (Im m ic, V ice President fur Public delations, ' ittnn.i d atu m of B io a d c a sle is, W ashing to n , 1) C . ISh n c s t O . C o x , D e p u ty D in t lo r, Huie.ut nf Motor <`.n u i S i iKedeial H ighw ay Adm inistration. W ashington. I). C I I . l . C iia w i olio , V ice P re sid i ut, C e n c ia i M ulm s Cm pm a ! n : I J a m l s M . C n A W i;S B m ^ 5 n r V it e P ie sid e n t; fuM i^ ]^ |^ ^ in|> no North Am erica, HH pfkhia, Pennsylvania 7* - * j liu ta i K. C a jitris ,i|H n ^ ^ k h o id nf /omn.iliMn, D takc th ify i c, I' Moines, lo.vrt jg g g g g 0 0 0 6 1 7 ` ) ) National Snf .'iy Council {liotinf of I t o r s , coiitiuual) D u . O . K ma/ i i :h D a m h o n , P ro lrsso i of S a fe ly E d u c a tio n , Sellout of Education, T h e U niversity of W isconsin, M adison, W isconsin M. Jl. D am un cton Jn ., M anaging D iioctor, Auto Im lnstrics Highway Safety Com m ittee, In c ., W ashington, D . C . 11. C . D a u i .t i i S', D iic c tn r of S u lc ly , L o u is v ille & N a sh ville Huilrond C'o., I.o u isv iile , K e n tu cky I .. 11. D avis, V ice President & G e n e ra l M ana ger, D elense P io g inius Division, Genera! E le ctric Com pany, W ashington, IX C . I Ion. M attie Ue i.ll; D a v is , Judge, M etropolitan Court of Dade County, M iam i, Flo rida Mus. I I o u aci: D aw son. Illin o is State Legislator. Evanston, Illinois \ s iiir s v Dr. i'. . y e N /.i. V i e I'r - C . - : , - r il Motor-: C :n f r.ition. visio n, D ie te 6c C o m p an y , M o lin e, Illin o is E h i:iu :u u ;k J . D o dso n , A ssistan t V ic e P residen t, L i h n t y M u tu a l Insur ance Com pany, Boston, Massaeimsetts D onal.h A. M .D ., A ssisi.m t D m ..i n :, i . p ..rn n : u l of l-v.i- in uuity In c a llii and U e a llli E d u c a tio n , A m erican M edical Associa tion, Chicago, Illinois Il m i h : E . du P o n t , D ire c to r, E . 1. d ii In c., W ilm ington, D elaware I Jam i:s P. E conomos, D irector, T ra llic Association, Chicago, Illin o is Pont de Nem ours 6c Company. C o m t Program , American ID: ta iM ii.i s \V . I i h <o im >n , S n o o t E d iit o , T h e If*.o n V s D igest, Pleasant siile . New Voik I ) . M . K i neussoN, S o p riin te r n im i of S o le ly - Peiso n.il Lin es, Natiti:: wide insurance Co m pany, Colum bus, C h iu A i .vin M . E w lst, Jn ., V ic e P ic s id c n t, H ic li's , Inc. A tla n ta , Georgia A . O. En:i.i>, Jn ., M anager, P u b lic A lfa iis , W G N Continental Broad costing Cm [Motion, C h icag o , Illin o is M a u iu c e E is c i i e i i , A ssistan t to the E d ito r, C h icag o D a ily News, Cl: cage, Illinois ) N ational Safety Council n i,, ,, n i.,//w. I)n . L o w i i i .i. 1). K is iir.ii, C n n id iiia ln r of School U u iv e is ity !(I.ili. University of Illin o is, Uihanu, Illinois l)ii. A . K . Kt.om o, Professor of Safety lalueation. D ep .ulincnl .1 H e a lth and S afe ty Kd neation, U n iv e is ity ol Illin o is. ( Ih.iinp.ii . Illin o is P m o uiu C . Ko ls i:, Safety Advisor, M ohil O il Cm pm.it ion. New \ , A New York Imh;ah J . K o iiio , T h e Coca Cola Com pany, A tlanta, C to i^ i i I I a iiu v IC K o u i.ku o o , Senior K xce n tive V u e PteM*den(, 1111111.101 < <n potation, D etroit, M ichigan M ils . J o h n C . Ko w l i u, N ational V ice C h a u m a n of Volunt e is , I lt. Am ei iean National lied Cross, W ashington, D . C . i W n i.n v M . K iia N i*/, Presiden t, K ustcru K v p ie ss, lm \ , T r u e Haul-, I n diana Jo h n \ V . C iiiiio n n , D ire cto r of P u h lic R elatio n s, A n tn iu n liv i N .! \ X! Knondation, W ashhiKtoii, D. ('. I A im iu ii 1*. C i i .d c a , S rc re ta ry - T ie a s in e i, iln ile t l IJh a n y W 1..I..1 Cin eiim ati, Ohio H o n c irr K . C o c k i:, V ic e President, S afe ty is lle y .u la lo iy R elatio n -. C ieyhoim d Lines, In c., Chicago, Illinois ( k o iic k L . (.'011111:1.1,, M anager, Personnel S u lr t i, M onsanto Cutup n o . St. Lo u is, M issouri D a n J>. G o w in c s , Assistant Professor, School of lh a llh . I h>si< a l 1(i cation and Recreation, Indiana State U niversity. T c tie lla iite . Indi ana W m . P a u l (hay, N atio nal Iv u c u liv c S e c r r l.i i) , I'u ln n I-'.i i u k i . <> A m erica, Departm ent of Itc a llh , education, and \\\ll;u-, W .t Lii.e. ton, D . C . C . Ilu N ir a t CiUvLN, V ic e President, Southein Hell telephone and f< I-Ifta p li Com pany, l.onisville, Kentucky (M ia m i (). (.`n il l in , M anagi i , l la / a id ( anil m i, D i .e u ( an pm U v ... Pitt.si m i jh, P enn sylvan ia Ri:\\ Ro iil iit A. C n iieclor of Seminal t llelatn Sem inary, St. Louis ! S a m u i ;i. It. C uA iio , h luiketing ltesrai<li, I im< and Chicago D aily Chicago, Illinois '* ^ Roy Ma u u slr h , C hic turn, Detroit, M ichi .A ' O O O R T ' H N ational Safety Council {llimnl n/ )iiii(tn \, contintied) I hw un It. I l u I \ , Internat tona I Safety Ih p ie sriita tn e, Interna tional Association ol Kite i*'ighleiN) C m in n ili, O h io \ i n i ir n A . J I.nnskn, .Secretary, T h e I I ait ford In s ilia m o G ro u p , 11aithud. ( l l i niii K i K . I I a iu i i i . P re sid e n t, P u b lic S e rv ice <.'ouidinnUd Transport, Maplewood, New Jersey It. M. H a u im a s , Assistant M anager of Compensation and Safety, Bethlehem Steel Coipnrutiou, Bethlehem , Pennsylvania Ai.nr.HT I,. I I a l c k , D irecto r, Safety and Pub lic Belations, Transporta tion Unde w rite rs, 1m ., In d ia n a p o lis, In d ian a D a m o . K. I I a y iis , C h ild , Ind ustrial Safely Tire Prolcclion Brandi, United States Atom ic Energ y Com m ission, W ashington, D . C . Itoiii.m C . I I ln o o n , V ice President, In d o sliy A ffairs, BICA Iv\press, New Yoi k, New York B ossi i i. ) . M r.sioN , D iic c to r of 1`a ig in c n in g , C rin n c ll M utu al BeiuM iiaiuo Com pany, C riiu ie ll, Iowa W . C . IlK w n r, Senior V ice President, Phillip s Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahom a D o n a i.ii M . H h ;:in s , D ire e to r, H ealth and S a fe ly S r i v ite , National Connell, Boy Seouls of A m m ira , New B run sw ick, New Jersey I U r. B ia s M scit. C iu m o r. C . H i c c in s , D ireetor, Departm ent of Soeial Action, National C atho lic W elfare Conference, W ashington, D . C . D u. K unNc u i Mi i .oi-iu ia Ni i , M in iste r, T h e C e n tra l C h u rc h of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois J osicimi H. I lo o s i- ir , A tto rn ey at L a w , llo g sc tt, S b a lle r Booker, Kan sas C ity , M issouri D ll. jnuo.ME I I . fio i.i.A N o , Piesiclent, Ham pton Institute, Hampton, V irg in ia Du. G au o i.o l) . iloi-sTiNM, President, Barone College, Muskogee, O k lah o m a P aco . J . I I o o v l ii, N ice P re sid e n t, T h e H a ile Bos. C o ., C le ve la n d , Ohio W . (J. H o iiio n , Ihe.siilenl, Bos H olton In e ., O klahom a C ity , Oklahoma I'm j I h 'i.ia s , C>tpian tim i D ireetor ol IV rsn n n ei, T h e Boeing Com paio . Seattle, W ashington It. M iluN 'M M .uiN , C c u ria l Supervisor, Sah ty, Inleinational Har vester Com pany, Chicago, Illinois ) National Safety Council ( H a u n t a f D o e r M m . v i i / : * ' '< M iss I t im i I ia v ia .i ., Slat- Mn-.n ( io iiM iila u l. Public Instruction, llnlcigh, North Carolina I J p.uln ,:i ! Pa in, II. Jo iia n s c n , P iesiilent, C en tial Motin l.in r s , Ch.uk-lt* C a ro lin a \ .!. P a u l V . J o u e r , M .D ., D e p u ty Stati.' & C o m ity H e a lth O ifn r. \V . .h ingtim C o u n ty D ep artm ent of H ealth , Huger.sto w n , M ai y lam i T . L a w iu n c k J o n k s, President, A m o ican I n s m .iix e , \ nmh i.itim i. York, New York ( c o lic i; I ,. J u d y , President, lliim n in m is C o al O p n .H o is ' A s* iati. > W ashington, D . C . W i l l ia m I ,. K a n d il , P o licy Associt*, im ln s t ii.il U r i.tim es |)< p n i nien t, N ational Associatim i of M anu factu rers, N e w Y o rk , f>\v \ t,,\ J a m l s L . K a h n s, <]ininstiator, D ivisio n o f M u lm W in d e s , \Yis(.n i.t Motor V ehicle Departm ent, Madison, W isconsin J o h n J . K a h o l, V ic e Presidi-ut, U irc c lm ci Spi * ia l P ro je cts, CH S I - I vision Network, N ew York, New York A l iik u t I). K c i.i .k v , l'V d e iid H ig h w ay A d m tiisltn lin n . W'a d iitig la i M c. N o iiv in C . K i c i 'c ii, M .D ., (Id e i M e d im i I j m i I o i, Ih* Kt|nii.<hl* i .1 Assurance Sneh*ly, New Yo ik, New York D ii. D dnls J . K ic in , Assistant Dean of l'Atensim i. A ii/o tia Sl.il i :m v e ts ily , T e m p e , A i i/.ona K c r m K ii ik ia i i u <:k , Associate P a in i D iii-cto r, W I K ) Ihoadr asimi Com pany, Des Moines, Iowa \,, \V . K n a i t , J i i ., C h ie f, Accident Prevention S e c tio n , In stitu te of \e rieitUural M edicine, Th e University of Iow a, Iow a C ity , hm a WcitNi-ai C Arkansas K n o o c , President, 't he B a ld w in C o m p a n y , l.itll It .. I . M us. I lin eo Kodani, ^disodes, OdrMprt M iis. J ohn l. Knu/.ra.j a v , W 'is c o o m m P ii a n k l . L a i)i ;i i i :h , I1 pony, Coluinlm s, Oh I*. S. I . a k i :, D iirc to i M ichigan of Sah-lv, N a lm o v.u lr Insm.uV t OOOIU'.I j', I nt* sl.it `i v Cnhd Jo h n D . 1.Awi.oii, K\i C hicago, Illinois $ $ 'k i }|V<ut*. N it iflj:f ) ) Nciiioucil Safety Council (Hotml of D iirctois, continued) | \ v\ I. oajjo, Illin o is N.,Jly D i u t l o i , t'liill.iml ( i j i mi i I m;iIn *ii, Clii- C . I*. I a m o s . | ) i i t i l m ol Solmol 11unspui l.tl inn, N ew Miwioo Sl.iU* I ) pai (im n t i| K ilm .lim n , Suitla I'Y , Now M exico 1` iim .i i * I . i m .y . I'lo sk io n l. T h e l'h ilip l.e s ly C o m p an y. C h ic a g o . Illin o is F.im -js H. L o cku:, V ice IV o siile n l, T e x a s K in p h n e rs ' In su ran ce A sso cia tion. I I.tllaS, TeX.IS I \ 'H ' P . I .i 'i M h in , Siip crin to m len t. i lm inton T o w n .h ip l l i y l i St honls am i im ii.ti Colic-:*. I la i vcy. Illin o is \\ ii.i.i \si I I. I.o u r. Vice I'u-shleiil ami fie.isu ter, liil.n u l Steel Comp.m y, ( Im .iyo , Illinois I . iH 'is I '. I . c ia n . K \ t - iu li\ r D iie c lo r. N ational IIill* .\>Miei.ilion ol Anu iira , W ashington, |). C . I I o n . C u i m .ih .m . | \ M .u a a v v a m ., Ju d g e , Co m nm ii Pleas (a u n t , K u cas ( `o u tily, T o le d o , l Miio W . C M ac:in lo.sii, M .iiiiiiiri, l.ng iiieeiiu g D e p a itn iin t, Tin* lla illo r d lii.M ii.iiK r Croup, New Voik, New York A i .k x A . M a i .i ;.nk,i , Associate P iic c lo r , Program S n v i i r s , Hoys' ( 'lu lls ol Aim lir a , New Voik, Now York H k i i .u u i K . M .m ii. x m , I 'h . I ) . , C h i d , ln jin y Coot m l P io g ta m , U . S . t'u lilic I le a llh Service, C incinnati, Ohio M i 's M .m iuin M m m in . ( 'oinno\siim iT ni l.ahnr am) Ind ustry, State ol M aim -. A im n sta, Maim* i K . ( ) . M.\ i i u i k s , ,| ) i r i v l o i . O i\ isiou ol S V in iu 1am i Te ch n o lo g y , A io crk an Petroleum Institute, Now York, New York M ns. M xtt|O iiu: Ik M a y , D iie clo r, Kdnoation am! Homo D ivisio n , ( healer Now Yoik Saioly Counoil. Ino., Now Y m k, Now York J. I I . I vi l it M i.O iN S I.U , P io sh lo iil, D oiaw iiio i n is i C o m p an y, W i l mington, Dolawaio Hiio oks M o C n iiM iik , Kxecntiw* Vice Picsideut, International H a r vester Com pany, Chicago, Illinois H o n iiu I'. M iC c im v , Picsideut, Ncwpm t Supply Com pany, Costa Mesa. O .ililoniia K . C . M i l-' Mini s;, I )allas, Texas I I . S. M< I ' a iu .a n o , D k c c to r of Personnel S erv ices, C o nera l Motors Co ip oiatiou. Detroit. Michigan ) Notional Safety Council it/ />iiii /ci t i 'nititu J O n. (lo ss A . M ( I 'M u .a k i *. ( mgg* nln ini L in / rv o ./ A. <p o * it- .h i. and S a fe ly , H a rv a rd Sehool of I 'o h lic H e alth , llo slo n . M asvn. Inn U I l n >MAs (. M i i il iu :, I're sid e n l, liiiliis h i.il Itid e in o ilv Co m paio S.m IVancisco, California Ja ck M c L a u c iil in , United Stcelw ntkcis Lo cal K il l. ( Yny, Indiana D i i . H a h o ld M t'.viiKL.s'oilN, Professor and D iie cto f of I c m -i i i I*. .''J:.' I of Coniniunicutioti A rts, U n iversity of D enver, D enver. ( 'nlniadn V in c o . J . M m y k iis, C o m pan y, S a fe ly |) i n < l o i, W< *.l 1 l-'.l <a*i< ......... puny, N ew York, New York N o iim a n C . M in iiu u m . D ire cto r, N atio n al 1 11 Nel v ive ( 'l'iiit iiill' Inc., Chicago, Illinois I'.iim o n ii J . M o n c io m , D ire cto r, W a te r S a fe ty , 'l l** Ann in an Xulin n.d Hcti C ross, W ashington, 1). C . M as. ClM H i.oiTK Mo n ik o m im v , C o jiliilm tm g KdiJm . C*od Jinn keeping M agazine, W estfield, New Jersey I'lloM AS C . M o iu iii.i ., V ice P resident, S ia le L a m i M utu al Anion...|.|< Insurance Com pany, lUnomington, Illin o is K . L iii:n i:n tc M o itn o w , V ic e P ir.sid c n L Hank n i Am elie a. New Y<l.. New York A . H. M tm i'itv , N ational D ire e ln r S a le ly S e n io rs , I In* Ani<-ii<.o< (ional Hcd Cross, W ashington, 1). C . A ll.A N I) . M usraiovi:, Pievident, IM L Lie ig h t, Ine . Salt Lake Lil*. , tifali L o w a iu i C . M viaes, V ice P ie sid c u l and Assistant In l'n ` id.-nl. <s.ii-! Stales Steel Coiporalion, Piltslm rgh, Pennsylvania A m o s L . N k y i i a i i i ', Slater C o lleg e, Pen n sylvan ia t : H o m ier A . O l.KN , V ice I're sid e n l, C a r W ood In d u sliie s, In . \\ .0 ir M ichigan C a i*i'. D a v id O i. i v i:, U.N CC, d u e l , Moating Safety lli.m e h , t in i. I States Coast ( m aid, Washington, D . C. A iU lio n C . I 'r .in v , Com m uni* ations Co ord inator, th e N alio n.il So. 1. Il*oi C rip p le d C h ild te ti and A d u lts, ( .liicago , Mliuois I 'l .e i c ii L it N . Piavi 1, Mai ment Department, Lord ilfic Safety and 11ighvvuy^ il^Jj^ f. nnp any, De,u hoi n. Mie higYit v ' j Lrm NK I 1'. P u n v j.s, Sn p e iii. Star, L td ., Toronto 4, Ot1 H o w von I ' m , l'ie sid . nt, 1, Jia n s p in la tio n and .V ilely, Jn n m 1' 000G::() ,d S a fe tv f .n o ii il. i E1it 1;.. 11ti 1m N atio n al Safely Council (/{>//</ / rii/Miin/) J. S. O u i:i n i:h, M anager, S o lely and L ire Protettim i D ivision, K . I. dll Pool lo NVuionts ft C o m p an y, lm \ , W ilm ing ton , OelawjiM* |. C . Ma ih i .i i i i , Super-visor, Im ln sh iu ) S a h t y Sectio n, I n r t l Motor C o m p an y, D ra ih o n i. Mi liigan P i.( i n 1!. K i n i m a o .i u, 1 Jia iim a u ol the llo a n l, lla m illo o lo ii o il i) Im ., I la in illo u , O hio M a iik Ho iu :son, V ice President, Yellow Tran sit L ic ig lit l.im rs, In c., Kansas C ity , M issouri I hvn k U . Hoa:ns. D ivision Vive President. Central Telephone C o m pany, Pas Vegas. Nevada | u k |. Ih is i o h o i'c i i . I\\e e iiti\e V i , v PicM ili n l, lhute| l a m i llu ic a n MoUtai Insm .nue Com pany, m liana ' Ihm i n i T . (loss, M anchester, M ichigan K . M K o w i.k y , President. S o u llie m Specialty Sales C o m p an y, In c ., New O rleans, Louisiana I I a u v i;y C . H u s s k i.i ., V ico P resident, Planning', Pepsi-Co la C o m p a n y, New York. New Yoik C . It. Uvm tpt.M , V ive President and Director C iv ic Alt airs, C h rysler Corporation, D etroit, M ichigan C . L . S ia n .m a n i, l\\r iiti\e Viee I 'lesident, Km ployeis Insurance ol W ausau, W ausau, W isconsin K .u u . S i :nn>,/.i:, S u p c iv isin g S a le h C n g in cer, Standard O il O n n p a u y ot C aliioiV tia, W estern O p e ia lio n s, h ie ., San laii is o, C a lifo rn ia |. I I. Sriivv'.pu i n , L.\e cu li\e Vice Pie.sident, C ity Products C o rpora tion, Chic;tgo, Illinois liim iios II. S m i n i . Diteeloi, H ighw ay Tiallie Solely O rutei, M ichi gan Slate University. Last Lansing, MU lutali D o n a ld j . S iiiu ijo n d v , V ice Piesidcnt, Ind ustiial Helations, Pittsoiu^h i l.ite C lass Com pany, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Dn. W . U l n iiv S im i .in c io n , L ir h l S e c ie la ry , Cem-ral lloarl ol iV n sions ol tli' M ethodist C h in c h , Kvanston, Illin o is P i:iu :v I I . Situi-:, Assistant S v e n ta i y , Program D evelopm ent, R iw u n is International, Chicago, Illinois P. !.. Str.Mit.i.r.H. P icsklcn t, International Association ol M achinists, Washington. D . C. H . S. S im tso n , Manager of Salety, Caterpillar Tra<tor Co., Peoria, Illin o is } N a tio n a l Safely Council ) m ............................ ......... J a m e s M . S i .a v in , D ire cto r, T iu llic In stitu te . N u ilh w csU -in l ui -# Kvaiistun. Illinois Ka m . \Y . S m i i it. E s e c u t i v e Vic e P r e s i d e n t . t h i l t i m n i c S .I* l\ l i . i m d Haltiuiurc, M an k in d Dll. |ll IAN W . S m i i h , D i i e d o i , O u l d n o i K d m a li m i .Pioj*' I. I .11. . of Education, M ichigan S tale th m c is ity , East I .ansine.. Micio:, m S . I''. Si'llNCa:, D iic r t n r , S a lc ly ;m<l I .nss-l*ie\ in tim . Aim h i .<n ( auaioid Co m pany..W ayne, New Jem y P e t e S e i e i .e i i , Uniteci A u t o W o i k e r s I a n al 5.5ft, So n il i I lol l.m l l!!t nois i E n n is P. S e n / . E xe c u tiv e D i o r lm , Am ni< .m A v.oi ialiw <>| ` I t . V ehicle Administrate s. W ashington. D . C . I I i um an J. S e o in ru , Canfield, Ohio W in k i.ovv A . S i a i i i .e , H estdrul M a iia i'i r. I . d a i l y M n ln a l tie n i >.< Com pany, Springfield, Massachusetts tt W a YNII I ) . S t a i .e y , P ie sid c n t, T h e D u ih u n C o m p a m . In . D .e h x i : O h io W . E . S r u n - i N c , D ire cto r o f S a lc ly . ( 'ai I iei ( .'ni pm itimi. S\ I .ti ti * New York l:anvAu> \V. T a n ^u a h v , E lm h u rs t, Illin o is J a m e s F . V a n N a m i:i, Adm inistrator Aceideut Picven tin ti, WV.imh o iisc E le c tr ic C o rp o ratio n. P ittsb u rg h , P cn n syU mia M iss C a u o i . V a n S i c k i .k, P u b lic Itidations IV p a iim < n t . T h e < u: i h n . < l tal Insurance Com panies, N ew Y m l;, N ew Yul; D n. P iiE sio N A . W a iie , Professor nl Clini al S u ig m y , sity M edical School. N ew York, New Y o ik II I ' m . : M ils. IticiiA iin K . W a iu ien , Jkmgnr, M aim C i ia iu .es A. W ia n i, Presi Owners, W ashington, D. M iss M auy M . W e e k s , l cation, G irl Scouts o f (In York llo vv A im M . W e is s , V ic e P] potation, Flu shing , New V Hen \\T:s r, A U m uey, Nashv itiooal \s;.vKHtion .1 s g w recialist, li t a llh and S .d r ly ,1 .11. tales ol A m r i k a , New Yml , '. "|Pu|nit^..nl Ta|mpu 1.10 y N atio n al Saiety Council (lU)tlttl of l)itc tlo i\ , continued) M ins | a n u :i : It. W i :.s t a i i y , M . I M I . , Assistant P ro lessn r, Sch ool tif P u b lic H e a lth , I I m* U n iv e istty of North C a ro lin a , C h a p e l H ilt, North Cam lina I I u n iih l\ W hattnn, Ccneral President, International Union of O per ating Knginccis, W ashington, I) . C . Ci.om .i-: M . W iu :a i i .i :v , M .D ., Senior M edical D irector, M etropolitan L ife Insurance Com pany, New York, New York V ic io it l W iim m o u s E , D irecto r of S afe ty , in tern atio n al brotherhood of E lectrical W orkers, W ashington, D . C . T . I I. W u.KiiNsoN, Director of Saiety, Department of the A rm y, W ashington, D . C . S . I.. W i i .i .i a m s , Saiety & E ire Protection L o g in c ri, L . I. tin Pont tie Nemours & Com pany, In c., W ilm ington, Delaware |)M tw iN ).. W ii 1.1 a m m i v . S i i p i i i n t e n i i e i i l , T ia i n i n g a m i S a h i v , C le v e l. im l '| u i i m I S \ ste m , ( ilex e la m I, < tlii< K . It. W i i .i .njJv, Exten sio n S a ie ty S p e c ia list, D c p a ilm c n t of A g ric itltnral Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette, Im liaua P a o i. W iNnstm, Secretary, Ihneait ol Saiety, Chicago, Illinois L o w ix t . ir. VViNCKier, President, M ountain Slates Telephone am i Telegraph Com pany, Denver, Colorado P a u l S . W ini-:; ( u n c ia l M anager, A m erican M utual lu siira u e e A llia n c e , Chicago, Illinois I'lt \n k i .in I). Yomat, M l) ., D iiector ol Pohlic Health, Illinois Departiiit iil of P uh lic H ealth, Springfield, Illin o is ) ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING INVOCATION Dy IIA I1IU M O ltD IsC A l SIM O N I'ixi'iulivv D in'i'lo r of llie Hoanl of ll:il>)k Almighty (mil Eternal Cotl: Inspired by your ethical and moral (cachings, wo have ...... .. ingether to reflect upon our progress to this (me and to consider tlx tasks still before us. As citizens of a nation dedicated to the Fatherhood of C od and the brotherhood of man, we are charged to do justly, love hick v and to walk humbly with You; lo csteud compassion, understanding and aid to the perplexed and sorely-tried; lo love our neighbor a . ourselves. To these luuuauilaiiau heights lias llic National Safely ( s u m 'll dedicated itself through its noble aims and pmposes ol coustuulh working, studying and planning for means that will result in tin extended health, welfare and education for all. To these noble ideals, we pray, may we ever remain faithful, as we develop a continuing sense of dedicated commitment to (his organization, our respective professions and those we seivc, a com mitment which both elevates and ennobles. \Yc beseech Your blessings upon all who have affiliated them selves in the attainment of these common objectives, lsndow them with the knowledge, wisdom and guidance necessary loi fiuillnl leadership and success in the attainment of these goals . . . In .picos to labor zealously and unflinchingly for (he perpelualioo ol IInAmerican way of life. (m aid our comity from iniquitous designs, inlnleianee and blind prejudice. Keep our borders free from every enemy, both limn within and without . . . Grant us clear minds so that we mar approach the problems of our day with forthrightness and unselfish ness . . . Spread Your tabernacle of peace over all the nation', ol the earth. May the work of peace be righteousness, and its d i e d . Iieedom from fear and want for nil men. Amen. i d i X at tonal S a fe ty C o iig rciv i\iiu ltii\. Penalties of both a civil and crim inal na ture au* provided foj in the A ct. A c iv il action lo r preventive relief, includ ing an ap p licatio n for a perm anent or tem porary in ju n ctio n , restat'iung order, or o ilie r order, m ay lie instituted by the Secretary in tbe district court of llic United States for the d istrict in w h ich ttie m ine in question is loi ati d a in w h ich tie* m ine op cialttr ha* its piincip at ulliee, whenever an opeialot [ \ ) violates or fails or refuses to com p ly w ith any order of w ith d ra w a l and debarm ent, or I 2 / interferes w ith , hinders, or delays the S 'c te ta iv or his d uly authorized representa tive , in c a riy in g out his duties under the A c t, or ( o ) refuses to adm it an authorized i piiM u ta tiv c to a m ine, or ( I ) refuses to perm it the inspection 01 investigation ul any mine, or of ail accident, iu jm v, or occupa tional disease occurring in or connected w ith a m ine, o r ( 5 ) refuses to furn ish an y in fo r mation or report requested by the Secretary. Upon conviction, persons npiv be pun ished b y a fine o f not less than $100. or m o ii ; '.*au > .000. or hv iinpiisonm cnt not to exceed sixty days, or both, where ( l ) there is a violation or fa ilu re or refusal to com ply w ith ,m "Im m in ent Danger W ithdraw al O ld e r.'.' or {2 1 th e ie is a violation of a m an datory stau d au l am i la ih iic oj lo lu sal to com p ly w ith an order ol abatem ent if tbe fa ilu re to co m p ly w ith the order o f abate ment has created an " imminent danger" , that is, a danger that could cause death or set ions p h ysical harm in sueh m ine im m ed i ately or before the im m inence of such tl.mjM i can be elim in ated . These c iim iiia l penalties have a peculiar tw ist to them. In Senate Report No. 1296 the Com m ittee stated -- " Section 1*1(1)) . . . makes m ine operators li ih ).' lo c rim in al penalties (lin e s nf $100 to $1,000 and im prisonm ent for up to 00 d a is ) upon conviction in Federal court of one specified ollensc. I liis u/lvnse is: violation o l, or te b is.d or h tilu ic to com p ly w ith, art * ord er o f w ith d ra w a l and debarm ent, if, at 1 the tim e the order is m ade, a danger exists < 'that could cause death or serious physical j barm in such in iu r im m ed iately or before : the im m inen ce ol such danger can be eliiui- ] nail'd.* * " T h e se crim in a l penalties do not apply, th e n 'lo ie . lo a m ine operator who has Ihth j given a notice livin g a tim e lim it for abate* iiii'iit *1 :t vii| li<iii kI a inaud.itM v health or J safety s t.u u la u ), who has Jailed to abate (he* ; vio la tio n w ith in tin : tim e allo w ed , who lias 1 then been given an order of w ith d raw alanti V debarm en t, am i w ho has then violated, | ta ile d , or le fiise d to com p ly w ith this order < --unless Ins fa ilu re to abate the violation lias | created an im m inent nr im m ediate dangei of j death or seiio n s p h y sita l h a iin by the time i the ordei o f w ith d ra w a l am i debarment was j is s u e d .'' / J T h u s , it w ou ld seem (hat an ollensc has hcen com m itted if between the tim e of issu ance o f a notice o f abatem ent fixing a time lim it w ith in w h ic h to abate, and upon tire ex p iia tio n of the tim e, tbe failu re to abate the vio latio n ol a m andato ry standard has re sult*! in a co n d ilio u o f im m inent or immedi ate danger. T h e A ct w as c lle c tiv c mi September Id. ItMili; h o w ever the pioV IM 'illtS w ith IV Specl If issuance ol " Im m inent Danger Withdrawal O rd e rs" and " E la p se d -lim c W ith d raw a l Or ders and some ol the p enalty provisions du not becom e cllecU vo u n til one year alter tin* date oi p u b lica tio n of notice in the Fcdernf /(cgfvfer o f the designation of mandatory standards. T h e m eanings and iu le ip re ta tio iis of (Ik* A ct in m an y respects w ill have to await the tim e w h en w e ate faced w ith actual situa tions am i circum stances w h ich undoubtedly w ill arise a lte r the A ct becomes fu lly opera tional. Som e questions am i d b jm ic s may not be entirely clarified or decided until casii are lio a id and decided by the Hoard of Hrview am i by the com Is. i U 00(vi3j OFFICERS O F TH E CEMENT, QUARRY AND MINERAL AGGREGATES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-6 Cruenti Cluiirnunt--). It. T iu :a i>a w a y , S a fe ly D irecto r, Vnlenn M a te ii.d s, C o .. tu n u I Ala. I * tr\/ Vice C / k iit h h iii--M a h t in O . G i .n ih y , M am in u'. lndn>tii.d U rla tiu n s, C< n. i | ! . Cement C o ., D allas, T e x . Second Vice Chairman--P a t h ic k C . I I a i i i u , L a lx n N<l.ltom. A sst., M . .I Denver, Colti. . ,i 1 Sem initi--ll o n in r J . O h o.m i.ijv , S a fe ly D irecto r, T h e S tam i.u<i Sl.it ( 'o in p a n '-, \t,*n; : . Olilo S'endetter Editor--T ia H . H k y n o i.iis , D ire cto r of S a fe ly , M edusa t'o itl.o .d ( > ,, ` puny, C levelan d , O lito Associale N ru '\l*`ttcr E d ito r--T . \V . M vt:ns, M gr. K m p lu p m id and S .il |\ , ' l l ,. ! Poi I la iid Cem en t C o ., D iv is io n ot tin? K lin lla d e Co m pan y, M id dl. IW iim li, i l.i- Tronmm C tm im iftcc--M a iltin * D . O iiN in v , (C h a irm a n ), M anager, 1m In^fii I }-1.<r Cenerai Portland Cem ent C o ., D a lla s, T e x .; Horn n r M . Hot ni m i n, Safet* ( e rn ie a Standard M ate rials D iv ., M m tin -M a iic U a C o rp ., N ew Y o rk , i\ . Y .; " I lm v w m | \ {<..< Division M anager, In d u stria l lle ln tin iis, T h e Htiheroid Com pany, Humid Hi*. ! . jersey; S io n k y A . Q u in , M anager of Doss Prevention D e p t.. Hoval C l. h r b o m m. t Dallas, T e x .; 1\ J . Ilo t n jt s , M anam a, A d iu in istm ti\e S e n it v s , C y p m m \^*i i.ttt<mi i vago, 111. Stcn/erdiip C om m ittee--S ionisv A . O u in , ((C h a irm a n ), M anager of Loss l ' i r w i i l i i. j i . Hoyal G lo b e In s u ra n c e C o ., D a lla s , T e x .; A . V ic io m A ii.n i i :. In .. S. i* t . i . Manager, C v p so m A sso cia tio n . C h icag o , III.; C i n i j i w . Iln w .u tn K e e n m o \ . y l . Dircetor-Sceretary, N ational Slag Assn., Washington, I). C .: K r v i\ C u i a iv ': ..tv. Concrete M a sn n iy A sso cia tio n , A rlin g to n , V a .; K i o .v a u ii II. l u i v i u . D in On ..I \ Kaiser Cem ent t\* G yp su m C o rp ., O aklan d , C a lil.; lio itt.itr M . K o r n . I 'm .iT nf . vj^bj& csttm c in stitute. In e ., W ashington. I). C .; * K im .i i ; S. \'o i r / , S i l d r I , ' i TSlpilerials C o ., M id w est D iv ., H illsid e . Ill ; Iv J. W .\iu y o . l.:i\ ( a rL *. I I ,i* . 1 ' film alo, N . Y .; C . 1*1. W l l . I .I \M .s , S a lc ly D iie ilt n , A m e iii.in *.t| v. i stile. Ohio ytt-ttjiT.v <m</ C om/ c .V.v C o m m itte e --Lom u y j M o x h , ( (T a in n n n ), U S. H u n ., `Islm iptoii, D . C . ; O vm t. F. M a i .t i n . Jn , Adm in. Assistant. N a ti.m .il S uni Dociation, S ilv e r S lu in g , M d .; C i n i u a i . I I o w a h o K u .i ,i m o \ . M a n n e m ; ^elaiy, National Slag Association, Washington, i) . C . ' >i ' I I : I -.1 ) r.n iiin m in fi CtnnmiHec- D e m u r.i. M . C o iin i'l l , (C n -C h a iim a u , W e s t), S afe ly Engineer, P o illa n d C em ent As s ii., C h ica g o , H I.; L i .o yo I . . C a s h , J n ., S a fe ly D ire c to r, T h e Ceorgia M aride C o m p an y, T a te , C a .; C u e M o u ld s , U n io n C em e n t (Jo ., D iv . N atio nal Cyirsuin C o ., A lp ena, M ie li.; V i,\t :j . \ i ( Ia i i .a l i h .ii, M anager of S a fe ly , M ate ria) S e rv ice Division of C e n e ta l D yn am ii-; (Im p .. L y o n s. III.; Bom UT M . I h u m m i I, S afe ty Coordinator, St.tm l.od M aleii.i}> D iv ., M aitm -M n riclta (Im p ., N ew Y o rk , N . V .: A nvil T ilnson, D iic c lo r of h is in a in t: am i S a fe ly , M aterial Se rv ice D iv . oi C r u c ia l D yn am ics Carp., C h ica g o , I I I .; L l s i .i l S . V o i.t / , S afe ty E n g in e e r, V u lc a n M a te ria ls C o m p a n y, Midwest D iv is io n , H ills id e , 111.; \V . M . lfu.vn*:, ( C o -C h a irm a n , E a s t ) , S a fe ty E n g in e e r, Corps of E n g in e e rs, N e w E n g la n d D iv is io n , W a lllia m , M a ss.; J . M il t o n D u u iia m , Safety Director, M artin M arietta C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N. Y .; P . J . J u w :f , liu lu s tria l H elalion s Manager, H m n la ille C o nstructio n M a te ria ls, In c ., M o rristo w n , N . J . ; M I o w a u d H i k i l n s t a IIL , Man ager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cem ent Com pany, Easton, Pa.; Fin: E. S t o u c h , D ire cto r o f S a fe ty and Personnel, T h e W h ite h a ll C e m e n t M a n u fa ctu rin g Com p a n y. Ca'inenlon. P a .; Ho y G . S i o t t , M in in g H ealth and S a fe ly E n g in e e r, U . S . Bureau of M im s . \ Y jn 1mu".!<iu . D . ( J .; J ohn* J . S o t i .v i y . S a le ly E n g in e e r. Bethlehem Mims C o rp .. Slum- and Slag D iv is io n , H a n o ve r, P a .; E . J . W'a iu m .. t.a v e ia e k and Haines, lne., B lla lo , N*. Y .; Ha L i t i W i i .vy, A m e ric a n M u tu al L ia b ilit y In su ra n c e C o ., Baltim m e, Md. V ix in il Aids Com m ittee-- L u s i.it: S . V o l t / , (C h a ir m a n ), S afe ty E n g in e e r, Vulcan Ma terials C o ., M idwest D iv ., H illsid e , H I.; v I I o w a iii> F . J o h n sto n , D ivisio n Manager, In dustrial Helations, 'th e Uuheioid Com pany, Bound Brook, N . j . ; R o m n r T . S mith, D ia v o C o rp ., Keystone D iv ., N e v ille Isla n d , P ittsb u rg h , P a .; I rn i:n J . H o m o s, Manager, A d m in istra tiv e S e rv ice s, G yp su m A sso ciatio n, C h ica g o , 111.; J o h n J . M c C l e l l a n d , Na tional C ru sh e d Stone A sso ciatio n, W a shing to n , I ) . O .; C iia h m -s C . S i il l t o n , Vulcan M aterials C o ., .M iri-East D ivisio n , W inston-Salem , N . (J. ( t 'i-Thc-Job Safety Committee--J . M ii.r o n D u u iia m , (C h a ir m a n ) , S a fe ly D irecto r, Martin M arietta C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; J . R . D . B h o w n , A sst. M a n a g e r, A ccid e n t Prevention B u re a u , Portland Cem ent A ssn ., C h ica g o , I I I .; L l o y d L . C a s h , J n ., Safety Director, H u * G eorgia M aride C o m p an y, T a te , C a .; L i :o .\m ih > H. K m c k m ii, D ire cto r of Safety. KaiM-i Cem ent & C yp sm if (a n p ., O a k la n d , C a lif .; B u y C . S t o t t , M in in g H ealth ml Sal'cl) Engineer, U, S. Bureau o f M ines, W ashington, D . D on It . B o n siu n o l, Dravu C m p ., C in cin nati, Ohio Put*/i< it\j CiH io ni:/. h r v N i in A . O r r'scaiK :k* ( C h a iiin a u ) , M an a g e r, T e c h n ic a l Services, N ational l.im e A s m .. W ashing to n, D . C .; ( A n n . 1. M a i .i .o v , J h .. A d m in . Assistant, Na tional Sand & C r a w l A ssociation. S ilv e r S lu in g , Md.; W i l l i \.\t C .u t n :n , Execu tive l)iic c io r , N atio nal C rush ed S lu m ; A ssociation, W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; J o h n J . M c C i .i j .lv K. National Ciushed Stone Association, W ashington, D . C . Tminittfi Comm ittee lh\vAni H i i t t .n s t w h . ( C h a ir m a n ), M anager of T ra in in g and Sakly, A lp h a Po rtland Cem ent C o ., E a sto n , P a .; J . M il t o n D u u iia m , S a fe ty D ire c to r, Martin M a rie tta C o r p , N ew Y m k N . Y .: W i l l ia m A . K i r r , M a n a g e r-S a fe ty, U n ive rsa l Allas C fT iie u t D ivis io n , U . S . Steel C o ip ., P ittsb u rg h , P a .; G k i i a i .d D . IL w u n , Lo g anspo ri, ml. Lo n g uingc Planning C om m ittee-- C a il \ no Is. M iu y l t t t : (C h a n m a n ), Safety Dhccli-r, Superio r Stone Co . D iv ., M a rtin M arietta C o rp ., H aleig h , N . C . ; * F h a n c is \V. B ush, Sr., D ire c to r of S a fe ty , M . J . G ro ve L im e C o m p a n y , F re d e ric k , M d .; wIIo\v,\m> F . J ohnston, D iv isio n M anager, In d u stria l H elalion s, T h e H iib cro id C o m p a n y , B oun d Brook, N. ).; H o w a iu ) H u :r i n s t a iil , M anager o f T r a in in g and S a fe ty , A lp h a P o rtla n d Cem ent Com* pane, Ea sto n , P a .; F im n E . S t o u o ii, D ire c to r o f S a fe ty an d Perso n nel, T h e Whitehall Cem ent M anufacturing C o m p an y, O cm enlon, P a .; A itv m T iln'SON, D iic c to r of Instl am e am) Safely, M aterial Service D ivisinu of C en er.il D ynam ics Co rp., Chicago. Ill; I . l s l i i : S . V o i.r / , S a fe ly E n g in e e r, V u lca n M aterials C o m p a n y , M id w est D iv .. ) lillsfde, H I.; `' P a u l J . WYmsr.Cfc, M anager-Safety am i W e lfa ic , L e h ig h P o illa n d Cement Cn, Allentow n, Pa. ) Ihtspiltility C o w m iitct'--iUnnMV J . C u o m i.i: y (C h a ir m a n ), S . M v D i i n i m . H i t . Siati Oc., Y o u ng sto w n , O h io ; J o h n J . M t:CT.:t.i.\N n, Natim;l C n r-h e d Sinn \ Washington, D . * A n v m T i i -:.Vm >n , D n e e lm of Insin ui. * an* I S.d-l\, M at. I D iv. ol G eneral D yn am ics C u ip ., C hicago , HI. \oiniuntini' ('.tinuntllt'c--* C ,\ mi.a n I*.'. M i h v m i i ; ( Clt.iM ni.iu ) , S .i l i l y D iu - e . Slone C o . D iv ., M ilitili M uriella C o ip ,, Huleigh, N . O .; e. \V . U m i. 1 . I S a fe !)', M , ] . Cucivo Lime*. C o m p a n y , K ie d c iic k , M d. Vrrunuil Yrotcctivc E ifm jn n etiZ C o m m itte e -- P a u i, J . W o s;c k , M anager Sah lv ,u . I . ).* I.ehigh P o rtla n d C e m e n t C o m p a n y , A lle n to w n , i va .; Horn h i J . ( 'iio m i.i , Sai i\ I n . 1 The Stan da rd S la g C o m p a n y , Y o u n g slo w n , O h io , C iia i i m .s C . S in i co n, V td t.m M Co., M id - L a s t D iv ., W in sto n -S a le m , N . C . ; C . [lussisi. M a i m is . S a fe ly S u p e m . I Corporation, N eville Islan d , Pittsburgh, Pa. P. W . Jo N i:s, V e P tcsid cu l Pin dm lin o, ft u- ll; v *u T i.ip it ..- i i New H a v e n , C o n n .; I v a n I**. Lt.C n n r?, S .ih t y D h e e lo r, f *mti:itoI O m i n( \ , r, Chicago, 111.j "D nnsi-: O . S ia c i.i:. J u ., T h e S ia n iW d S ia ;; t.'o m p .im , Votine (< < ( Mo/I Keprt'sc'ufniitte--K.nwAo> j . S c o i.a c i k , Nattorial S a h iy Cm im il, -12" N M i. h e . .. \ Chicago, Illin o is 00011. 'L n t Genera! Chairm an I 1967 A'olitimi bn/et y Congress T h e finir nmxl intinti Ioni woids ol a Stt- piohJem s. Iim Il- them , seek litem , gel tliem pcrvisur aio, " W hat is yonr opinion?" Id l'otite lo you . Ho approachable. T h e th rec m ust im p o itan t w m ds of a s* 0 . H a v e a trial period . followed l>y a ca re p c r v L o r ;u \ "U vtin plensc." ful re examination hy all people concerned. 'Ilio Uve must smrccssful wimh aif. j OFFICERS OF THE CHEMICAL SECTION H, }j'ju J/m /r fo r tiw Snrri 'f.fui Siipri visor, 'I lio five: m usi im portant v o id s <>1 a super visor a rc , *7 am proud o f y o u ." " Titani; you." T he onc moxt impili Inni word fs, `Tour." T he Icast im porlant word is, **I." NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-60 000625 m nl C faiirn im i--D . T . Sm ith , S u p erin ten d en t, Protection D ivisio n . E m p lo y e e R e la tio n . Department, E . I . ilu P o n t d c N em ours & C o ., In c ., D eep w ater, N . J . 8 ' c Chairman in C/m rge o f Vro/*mm--Q. M . O i.som, M a n a g e r-S a fe ly A H e a lth , In d u .I n . I I Chemicals D iv is io n , H o o ker C h e m ic a l C o rp o ratio n , Niagara K a ils N . Y . jj : vliiry--A . W . W ii-SON, M an a g er--S a fe ly D c p n ilm c n t, M id lan d D iv id u n , D o w C h i niti il Company, M id la n d , M ich . i` Ji nicttcr (tn n m ittr r -W . S . W ool (C h a ir m a n ) S a fe ly K iig iu r e i, U c.*;u < h and I J v I* *| y " fill D ivision, Su n O il C o m p a n y , M arcu s H o o k, P a .; W . I I . L a u d it i w .k , S .d i ly I ) i n . | Texas Eastm an C o m p an y , L o n g v ie w , T e x a s cttrchb Development S u b Section--L . C . W eceh (C lta irm a n ) , S a fe ly M anager, R c s ru ith Center, M onsanto C o m p a n y , S t . L o u is , M o .; I I . S . Du a s t l d , S a fe ly C o o id in a to r, M< rek Sharp & Dohtue Itcse a rcli L a h o rn to rlrs , R a h w a y , N . J . ; R . D . P o n im i, S a fe ty S u p e m s m , 3`NTiirch LalM iratorfes, In d u s tria l Chem ic als D iv is io n , A llie d C h n n h al C m p .t M m iL two, N. J . ; O w iiN K o iiia s , D ire c to r o f H e a lth Ik S a fe ly , M u liin ck io d t C h e m ic a l W o il St. Louis, M o. j r:iin riiiig C o im iift/c v--J . S . S n y o ii (C h a ir m a n ), R a h w a y S a fe ly M anager, M e rck & C o , ? foe., Rahw ay, N . J . ; M i k e K iu k o iiia n , C o rp o rale M anager of S a fe ly A- M e d ica l. Ih m e v . i I jj Li*p~rM>n, C h ic a g o , I I I .; J . 11. H i .a c k , H a za rd s C o n im i O llic e r, U nited Slut*-; I'nhln\ Uvxllh Serv ice , S ilv e r S p rin g , M d .; P . J . M c.D oN oucai, M anager of I os l ` t< vi-ntion. ; n*cmic;ds G ro u p , O lm M at M eson C h e m ic a l C o rp o ratio n, N ew Y o d :, N . Y .; E . N . D i :. 'moullaut, S a fe ly an d P la n t P ro tectio n , C e n e ra i E le c tr ic C o m p an v. f\V w V o it:, N . V ; j *S. F. S ci n t i:, D ire c to r, S a fe ty and Loss*P reven tio n , A m e ih a n ( .) :m :in.id ( !o m p ;:n , j ttayne, N . j . u RcSuihms C om m ittee--R . I f . S c o it ( C h a ir m a n ), M anager, Im h is tii.d S.vh u . Mllillc-Norlhwe.st, R ic h la n d , W a s h .; #J . R , Ho l l m a n , H ead of S a fe ty , P lo t te r A G a m b le Company, C in c in n a ti, O h io ; A . L . K i .in o , D ire cto r o f Loss P reventio n, (Min Muthi< <mi [VmiVnl Co rporatio n, N e w Y o rk , N . Y . fag Aids C om m ittee--A. P . O s n (C h a ir m a n ), C o ip m a ln Safety En g in e e r, C h a s. P li .t r Co., In c ., N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; C . R . E astman, S afe ty A d viso r, M o hil C h e m ic a l C m o p n nv. w York, N . Y .; J . V . S A v r.n c o o i., Coordinator of Safety A Lo ss J 'm. \ <n lio n . A ile d rmical C o ip o iatio n , N ew Y o ik , N . Y .; f. E . M oitnisoN, Safety D iie rT o r, Honston Chem - .1Corporation, Rem im ont, T e x a s .; J . E . Nichols, D irector of S a fe ly , M ild ; npany, R ichm ond, V a . ) ) Health Com m ittee--D . J . K u .i \ n , M .D . (C h a it m a n ), M e d ica l D ire c to r, T e x a s Division. D o w C'h cnn Tal C o m p a n y, lY e e p o it, T e x a s; K . I... A i .i m i l u , S n p c ivisin ', In d u stria l I ly^iene S e rv ic e , In te rn a tio n a l H arve ste r Co m pan y, C h icag o , 111.; 11. K . H a w k ik s o m , Director, D iv is io n of S p e c ia l S e rvice s, E m p lo ye rs Insu ran ce of W a u s a u , W a u s a u , W is .; K . A. Van A i t \. D e p u te D ire c to r. Office o f O ccupational S a fe ty , Bm eu u of L a b o r Standards, U. 5 D cp .uliu rn J oi Labor, W .e.liiiepon, D . (!. Technical Publication Com m ittee--E. L k v e n s ( C h a ir m a n ), D ire c to r o f Safety, C-M. D ouglas A ir c ra ft C o m p an y, Santa M o nica, C a lif .; C . M ac.D i a ii m i i ), Su p e rv iso r, Polyimr Co rporatio n, Lt<l., S arn ia , O ntario, Canaria; W . O . D ire c to r of T e c h n ic a l Servin'!. H artford h e m .n ice C ro up . H uitford , C o nn.; K . C . lio m a s. Assistant M anager, SaftiyA Eire Piutct lion, E . f. doPoot do Nemours & C o ., In c ., W ilm ington, D el. M embership C om m ittee--\V t J . H a n k in (C h a ir m a n ), D iv is io n S a fe ty E n g in e e r, 3M Comp a n y , S t. I'a u l, M in n .; P . C . L a MH, S afe ty G im so lla o f, En g le w o o d , N . J . ; K , A . Nm.H, Safety Adm inistrator, lW xall Chem ical Com pany, Paiuim is, N . ]. S/nfivfics Analysh and Safety Amai tin Com m ittee--W . A . S't a u k o v ic ii ( C h a irm a n ). Direct* o f S a fe ty , S h e rw in -W illia m s C o ., C h ica g o , I I I .; F . E . M a c a u l a y , S a fe ly Supervise. W ya n d o tte C h e m ic a l Co rpo ratio n, W yan d o tte, M id i.; K . L . M oQ u ii.i .i .m, S afely & In- d u slti.d M e d icin e Co ord inator, E l i I .illy A; C o ., T ip p e ca n o e Lab o rato rie s, Lafayette, hid. H. M . j\ ti: a y . S a fe ty E n g in e e r, S a fe ly A ffa irs D e p t., U n io n C a rb id e C o rp ., New Ywl. N. Y. ( Training CinntnUfn'-- .. D . S im u n . ( C h a iim a n ). S a lr ly & S e c u rity S u p e rv iso r. U . S. bulli tria l C h e m ic als Conp|m y, T u sc o la , I I I .; C io n ei-: A im o r r , D ire c to r o f S a fe ly fit Serviti Pennsalt C h e m icals C o rp ., K in g of Prussia, Pa.; L. W illiams, S a fe ly Director, Jcifns* Chem ical Com pany, Fort Ncches, Texas O fM 7 ic -Jo h Co m m i/Icctr-D . M . V an' W e g i-n (C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty C o o rd in ato r, Staniti (d ie m a l C o m p a n y , Now Y o rk , N . Y .; G . I f . M in t l i , S a fe ty E n g in e e r, BuM ol Lnlxm lo ries, 'D iv is io n o f B nsto l-M ve rs Co m pany, Thom pso n Hoad, E a s t Sy racu se , N . Y.; .t M im s , Safety Eng in eer, Procter & Cm nhle Com pany, C in cin n a ti, Ohio Jhicufm m d LimAou Co m iif/< T--A iu erican C h e m ic a l S o c ie ty : M L 11. F a w c l t y (Chaimian* T e c h n ic a l S ecretary, N atio n al A cad em y of Sciences, N ational H c s ra rd i C o n n ell, Wilm ington. D . C .: A m erican Association o f In d u stria l N u rses; M us. M . E . S l a v i-:, R. N\ C h arg e Nm.se, M o b il,O il C m p o ralio n , T re n to n . M ic h .; A m erican So ciety of Safety Engi neers: A . I I . C i i i u s h a n , D iv is io n S a lr ly E n g in e e r, A m e ric a n V isco se fit Chem ical Di visio n s. K M C Co rporatio n, P hilad elp h ia. P a .; M an u factu rin g C h e m ists' Association C . C . F l l m in o , C o rp o rale D in e lo r, S a le ly ft P lan t Pro tectio n , C elan ese C o rp ., Chariot!: N . Ci.; International M a in i.d M .uiagi o r n i Society; K . V C l a n o v. Safety Enginv Kodak P a ik W o ik s , K asim .m Kodak C o ., Hoehester, N . V ; A m erican In st, o f C'Iitrin E n g in e e rs; M . N . H o m i v i -:. .Manager. S a fe ly A S o c m ily , ile se a re li and Devclogiii*;' D e p t., P h illip s Petroleum Co., H a ille sv ille , O k la .; K e d c ia l G overnm en t L ia is o n : V. A. YeA v i a , D e p u ty D ire c to r, O llie r ol O ceupatioual S a fe ty , Bureau of L a b o r Standards, U. 5 Dept, of Labor, W ashington, D . C . iYominri/m g ( `m iiiiii/ lir -- J . N . U o m in i-: (C h a ir m a n ), M g r., S a fe ly fir S e c u rity , Hcscart) and D evelopm ent D e p t., P h illip s Petroleum C o ., B a rtle s v ille , O k la .; *11. W . B a it Ji A sst. S u p l., Chem ical Engineering D ivision, T h e Trave le rs Insurance Co ., H ar!k: Co ni.; J . J . P h a iiu l o s . S a fe ly M anager, N atio nal D is tille rs fit C h e m ic a l C o ip ., KC York. N. Y. ) itenwrch C o m m ittee--%G . H . C u m m in c s (C h a ir m a n ), M a na g er, S a fe ty t InduM u >i i E li L illy & C u ., In d ia n a p o lis, In d ia n a ; *11. H . I ' . u v t i i r , T n hm cal i h i ' I h ; , ' i -Academy u i Scie n ce s, N atio n al Hosearch C o u n cil, W a sh in g to n , D . C .; C J. *.* < Manager, Personnel S a fe ly , M onsanto Com pany, Lim liu'i*li H ie d ., S i. I.m n .. M .Wrtvoty Co m m ittee--* A . 1. C o tm (C h o iin u m ), D iic c tn r of In d m .li :<) .V .l. i-,, | . I 1 Works, Kit.shm iii K o d a k C o ., Ho he.slcr, N . V .; VS. M . M At C u i m o r, lr ,i poratc S a fe ly and L o s s P re ve n tio n , D o w C h e m ic al C o m p a n y , M id lan d , M i d i , r, Amiissku, Coordinator, Corporate S afe ly, M erck & C o ., In c ., H a lm a ), .V I . I Wa m .a c k , S e n io r S a fe ly K n y iiic c r , A ccid e n t P reventio n S e ctio n , I n d n h i d s *1* i l Kodak Park W o rks, Kastm an Ko dak G o., io clie sfcr, N , V. Staff He;>reseii*lft;e--J o h n M a iik , N atio n al S a fe ly C o u n c il, -125 N . M k h te .m \v . tag, 11). 0 0 . *Past C e n ci ai C h a irm a n , , ) ) 55th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS Papers Delivered in the COAL MINING SESSIONS COAL DUST ABATEMENT Importance of Dust C on tro l...............................................................Henry N. Doyle 3 What the Coal Industry Is Doing to Control D ust.................. Qeorge L. Judy 6 Dust Control and Other Safely M easures on a Longwall Face.H. C. Morion 9 Summary of Dust C o n tp l A ctivity.............................................. James R. Garvey 12 i MACHINE GUARDING AND S A F E T Y D EV IC ES Protective C ab s for Opprators of F a c e Equipm ent..............R. M. von Storch IS Power Cut-Olf D ais and Othor Safety D cv ico s......................... Joseph Taylor 19 Machine Design: Ventilation, Dust Control, Other Featu res. .A . Lee Barrett 22 HAULAGE SAFETY , Underground Rail Haulage S a fe ty ...................................................John W. Hager 25 Battery Haulage S a fe ly ................................................................... . . , . .L. D. Ellison 28 Belt Haulage Safety....................................................................................... W. R. Park 31 Officers of the Coal Mining S e ciio n 1967-68................................ ............................ 38 Five Y ears of Future Dates for the National Safety C o n g re ss...........................39 Other Volumes in 1967 National Safety C ong ress T ran sa ctio n s......... Back Cover 0006^7 IMPORTANCE OF DUST CONTROL B y 1 IEN IIY N. D O Y I.li j Assistant C h ie f, Division of Fed eral Em ployee H ealth, U .S . Tubltc H ealth Service One could dispose o f the assigned topic in a very short order b y stating that dust con trol serves tw o p rim a ry functions--disease prevention and explosion control. I w ould as sume, h o w e ve r, siuco you have risked me to discuss th is su b je ct th a t you a rc an ticipating a much m ore ph ilo so p hic treatm ent and, he' cause of m y b ackg ro u nd , you r interest is in (lie health asp ect. If wo nro to v ie w this problem from , thg philosophic v ie w p o in t, tlirco factors m ust be considered: l i r e bio lo g y o f m an, our present state of kn o w le d g e , an d our social concepts. First, let us look somewhat superficially at the anatom y o f th e resp irato ry system . M an 's respiratory system evolved to handle a rela tively pure m ix tu re o f oxygen, nitrogen, and tbo noble gases. H o w e v e r, to protect the lungs from the n a tu ra l contam ination o f the atmosphere, su ch as w in d -b lo w n dost and pollcn% se ve ra l pro te ctive tncchuitisins d e veloped. T h e nose becam e prom inent nnd was filled w it h m a n y sm all h airs to serve at a (liter d e v ice fo r p articles ns sm all as 5 microns. T h e re sp ira to ry tract between the nose and the m ajo r b ra n d ie s o f the lungs , developed fin e h a irlik e structures w h ic h served to trap the d u st p article s and, by means o f a con tin uo us up w ard m otion, to reject through the nose o r m outh. F in a lly , if a dust p a rtic le penetrates these defenses, | (he lung tissues w e re equipped w ith phngo| <>lc cells w h ic h en g u lfed the dust particle j and rem oved it fro m tho sensitive area. Thus, m an Is equipped to live In an envlronmeiK -w h ich n a tu re planned m an y eons ago. \Vhen th e n atu ral defenses o f the res piratory tra c t a rc broken d ow n, the lung finally becomes a physio lo g ical dust trap. The m iracle is th a t m an can su rvive in to day's environm ent w h ic h is vastly different from the en viro nm en t w h ic h nnturc planned, us wiro liv e nnd w ork in an urban jZ ip H H flc r a constant insu lt nnd an overload^ u^ pytho resp ira to ry system duo to m an's j ''cdirtsrtoliintJon o f the atm osphere. Superim - poscqfon the tech nolog ic contam ination of jht^diospliorc w ith particulate m atter, man *nsu^*s h is rc 5piratory system by Tmufflig w h ic h is kno w n to destroy the c il ia ry and p hag ocyte system s, thus in n . :r ,. (lie risk re su ltin g from exposure to in d ic t .i . dust and atm ospheric pollution. T h o se o f us e n te rin g the b ill and tab >1 rules o f life represent tint lii .t gene iin , {. he exposed lo a continuous com plex n l ... logic contam ination of the general a ir;;phcrc, coupled w ith the almost unf. . J p ra c tic e o f sm oking. T h u s , it should I ' i>, .slun k lo re alize that resp ira to ry 1 .......... . < assum ing a more prom inent p l.u c in th tion's m orbidity and rnm tality p .u h . C h ro n ic bronchitis, em physem a, mo t h i., o f lu n g c a n c e r, and e n t a iii form s o f .-m . liv e h e art disease a ll result from the .1* p*. j tion of particulate m atter in the hiui> I n those exposed to iird u stria l d u st, the h u I Is Intensified and extended to other d i i < su ch as pneum oconiosis nnd h eavy tin t .1 poisoning. A lth o u g h epidem iologic eviden ce is i > !. ing , observations tend to support tin* <m. In sion th at resp ira to ry diseases other th an 0. c la ssic a l occu pation al ones arc m ore h e p>< j.t iim oitg w o rkers exposed to in d n v lii d d ! T h a t m assive dost con* e u tia lio ie . m * r a pro longed period destroy the m itm al deli n . i the respiratory system thus leaving lit - I < I su sce p tib le to in fectiou s and nun-inl* h-.., diseases is no longer a d ebatab le *pe tion F ro m tills point on, vve sh all have to -o fine our discussion to tire classical nvoptional dust diseases since this is the n. w here our epidem iologic techniques arc m l ficiently sop ltistiralcd to detuoiiM i.tle a * m sal relationship' H isto rically, this lelati.:. Ini has been knm vn by observation i** n . 3 ,0 0 0 years. H o w e v e r, it lias nob I*. w itiiin recent years that we have hern aM. to place this relationship into biolnei. p . sp cctivc. It took the w ork of man)' im . lit: tors lo ultim ately arrive at the fixe < o -h u .l factors in vo lve d in the p ro rh u liu o </ <hi.f n, duccd diseases, although in retrosp.al tl. appear to be sim ple rclatio n d iip ;. lie lr factors are: I . T h e si/u id the dn\l p .o le h o.m l I such that it w ill pem-lrato the . pi. , torv s> stem --g enerally h th m "* no rrons. ) ) J.O(37 K n tio iu tl Su/W y C o n gress 2. 1lie dust tnm l contain a toxic compo nent; for exam ple, silica or one of (he heavy metals. 3. T h e concentration must lie sufficiently great to overcom e the hotly*.** natural defenses. 4. T h e exposure must extend over a long period of time. 5. A ll individuals do not react alike. Some have greater resistance to the disease processes than others or, conversely, less resistance. O nly w ithin recent years has this relation ship been taken one step further and devel oped into a m athem atical one w hich says that given a toxic dust of less than 5 mi'tons, disease is then the p u n lu c l el tim e and c o iK c n lia tio n , or l ) (d ise a se ) zli T (t im e ) x C (concentration). T h e form ula, of course, lias several disadvantages, the foremost being that disease has no definable starting point and, because of the factor o f individ ual susceptibility, w ould apply to large ; roups rather than to in d ivid u a ls. '.v c n a large population |md using an ar b itra ry diagnostic sign a s 1a reference, it 5houhl bo possible to develop a definable biologic relationship between tim e of expo sure and the concentration cjf toxic m aterials. I f such a body o f knowledge existed, it w ou ld be possible to inform - a m iner after x particle years of exposure that further work In the mines may endanger! his health; that after x + Y p a rticle years, Jre has a certain risk of developing pncuhjocomosis; and, after x -f z particle years, his chance of de veloping pm u iiio io iilo sis is almost 1 0 0 % . I trust that the above w ill alw ays remain in the realm of fantasy for the lecoul-kccping fob w ould be stupendous. Nonetheless, w e h ave come perilously close to such a system on several occasions especially in those areas where environm ental controls were neglected. T h e form ula I ) = T x C is generally used by tire industrial hygienists in setting maximum allowable concentrations. Id eally, the product of T x C should he zero. H ow ever, under practical operating conditions, th is is not possible. T h e re fo re , tim e is fixed in accordance w ith man's nounal working span and the concentration is adjusted in ac cordance w ith the relative toxicity of the dust under consideration. T im s, prevention of the dust diseases becomes a function of controlling either tire time of exposure or the concentration o f tho dust or reducing the production of the tw o to an acceptable level. T h e tra d itio n a l m ethod o f control In the m in ing in d u stry has been to lim it the con centration of the dust h y certain accepted procedures, Mich as ven tilatio n and (lie me of dust suppressants such ns w ater. A recen t stu d y o f the P u b lic Health Ser vice lia s dem onstrated that ft significant n um b er o f b itu m in o u s coal m iners have i d isab ling re sp ira to ry discn.se commonly re ferred to as " coal workers* pneumoconiosis." M an y q uestions rem ain to he answered esped a ily reg ard in g th e etiology o f (lie discare. T h a t dust has a sig n ifica n t role in its etiology Is u n ch allen g ed . A lth o u g h a sim ilar disease has been k n o w n in the anthracite industry for in.uy v r .u s , a ir v ie w of the literature w ou ld in d icate that the prevalence of pneu m oconiosis in th e bitum inous industry .w not very great until nbout 1950. T h e signs an d sym ptom s o f the disease art so obvious th at it is d ifficu lt to accept the concept that the ap paren t increased preva len ce is related to im proved diagnostic tech n iq ues. H o w e v e r, the apparent incrcfiso uml prevalen ce m a y he related to the increasing use o f m e ch a n ica l equipm ent underground U n fo rtu n a te ly , v e ry little data is available w h ic h w o u ld p erm it a com parison of dust conditio ns before an d after mechanization. I t is po ssib le th at m an y con) mines may h ave reached (h e u ltim ate in dust control w ith existin g ve n tila tin g system s and mine la y o u t. T o change cith e r of these factors re q uires a hu ge o u tla y o f cap ital w hich poofh ly cannot be equated w ith protltidta gains. T im s w e have leached the point w here oth er m ethods o f dust control will Ire necessary. C e rta in ly the industry has no! fu lly explored w h a t can be done through al terations in m ach in e design. Con! cutting an d rem oving m ach in es w ere designed to ob tain th e m axim u m tonnage in the shortest tim e period . A n o th er design criteria needs to be ad ded --w ith tlic m inim um dust produc tion. A ll efforts to date h ave been dircctcJ it red ucing to a m in im u m the value of C in thi equation D -- T x C . T h e cost of accom p lishing th is red uction to an acceptable level m ay prove to be inconsistent w ith economic retu rn s. S h o u ld (h is prove to be true, thc.i efforts w ill h ave to be made to reduce the T factor In the eq uation . T h is can ho accom plished in one of three w ays: l . fly complete automation. ... 000628 il *ft 2. Lim U itig itic w o tk tim e o f v.iul 7ye4?tlhe p i jiir has a mituHjb] f a b , , n . em p lo yees. civ&? t(ic^particle u um hyr sti '(.tu t. 3. B y p ro vid in g the undergroui] w ith an artificial environm ent. (tween the w eight o f (IT a coutltUv'M p o d la l in lli-' Cuinplclc m itoinntion does not ap pear to be feasible at th is tim e althoug h great strid es re being m ade to red uce the n um b er of hull'/; am i (iis r.r.c .undilioMS w in ft : i . *:.< Mich correlation lias possible n it ) . \ .. tid e number. In using the mass > men underground. lro r o b vio us reasons, the m ethod, (hist evaluation is m u d i sim p ler n i l principle o f jo b rotation to red uce exposure instrum entation perm its the cl<*tcimin'ti- 4 time has n ever been acce p tab le to la b o r o r muiagcment. Individual exposures. Most o f (ho E u io i* m countries a rc m oving In w a rd a i:r . * i! The provision of an artificial environm ent im the rin g o f tin e xo tic m ethod ap p licab le w h ic h w ill lik e ly he in the m ag nitud e <>! I ... m illigram s per cubic m eter o f air. to the exp lo ratio n o f sp ace. I n a c tu a lity a t O n ly since hunt 1935 has society in I his tempts h ave been m ade to cre ate such rtn err- country recognized that it h as a r c .p m ii l il riroiiiiicut by the use o f a ir filte rin g d evices tty lo tlms; w ho h ave d evelop ed d n l I f. which fit o ve r tbu nose and m outh. S u ch rlt:- * e ir.rs | | im>ii | `|i (Im it in i iip u lio n . M (.i . lices, g e n e rally re fe rre d to ns resp irato rs, compensation was a sh ockin g i.. hvo curtain in h e re n t d isad vantag es such ns m any w hen it w as first ad opted . T o nth. discomfort, bre ath in g re sistan ce , und com the hiadcriuacies of our fust ro m p . i iv .U m. i munications in te rfe re n ce . F o r these reasons, la w s for the dust diseases w as a p p a llin g It labor and m anagem ent as w e ll ns the health another three decades our p ie scn t rone* p i . profession h a v e developed an in a n ity reg ard of com pensation m ay be v ie w e d as an h.ii< ing the p o tential use o f p ro te ctiv e ctp iip - European logidutim i w h ic h has rs ia l.h h r.I aieiit. the precede! lor w orkm en's rum p ., n ,.. It is d ifficu lt lo acce p t the concept th at n total life su pp ort system can be pro vid ed for <man in sp ace b u t th a t w e a rc u nab le to in the United Stales is le n d in g (o v .a id m:. lib e ra l Irenefits for w m k e is w ill* pin-m ............. iosls. design a lif e su pp ort system fo r a m an in a T h e principle of p aitial disab ility k ufl kiurdous underground environm ent. I t is established in most W estern European uihui possible th at a m ajor obstnclc m ay be our tries. In the U nited Stutcs th e v.*nl-r a( image of a coni m in er. I t is d ilfic u lt to vlsufiizc a coal m in e r lo okin g lik e an yth in g fceted hy a lust dhiM.se is often in a J r I voiabie position than a person d i . t ) other than a co al m in e r. T o acce p t h im w ith an accident or other o ccu p atio n al d i.i * the appearance o f a scie n tist o r a te ch n ician in m any o f the law s the tim e lim it , (h it it almost an Im p o ssib ility . So far this presentation has avoided n distussani o f a h y g ie n ic stan dard fo r b itu m i nous coal d u st. S u c h a valu e docs not e xist ap ply to the length of e x p o .iim *, to i>> n ..f tation of the disease, and the lilln g ill I ..... me too short to lake into account the : i. m aim ing nutiiie of dust diseases. in the u n ite d States for exposure to b itu m i T rin c ip lc s for coinpcosation of 11* tin l nous coal d u st and u n til su ch n stan dard is diseases have tended to rem ain in :i l i . I developed, th e C valu e in o u r equation has no significance. and rigid pattern based on k no w led g e lli .t j at least a rp n u lci of a ce n tm y out .4 <l ;i Bituminous coal u n til recently w as considrnil a nuisance dust and, ns such, the A C C ill value o f SO m illio n p a rlicle s for cubic foot ( M f 'C F ) w as ap p licab le, lip id c eiiologlc studies h ave not been conducted in the United States w liic ii w o u ld perm it the ntablisluncut of hyg ienic standards for b itu minous coal d ust, lle sc a rc h in th e E u ro p e an countries tend to support a resp irable mass itanclard rath er than one based on p articles Snell procedures iiave resulted in p i.i li (hat arc frequently unfair to Im lli p u li R ig id ad m inistrative req uirem ents and ti< concept of compeosation for o n ly th* l .i .11 disabled has doubtlessly been u n f.iii t u mf w orkers w ith bona fide eases o f <h>.up *11<*i 1 pneuuioconiosis. On the other hand, cou its in an aUem pt to overcom e t< il iin ,iJ m in islra tiv c lim itations h ave (u o h a h iy 1. i. too lih cu d in llie ii in t .i prctaln n is. per unit volum e o f a ir. T h e im u s standard It Is m y personal opinion (hat mil* . ..... fiiirli expresses dust concentrations in m illi- pneumoconiosis com pensation Ian s a .r ...... I e in c of dust o f less th an 5 m icrons per unit cru ized , we m ay face m any m u' p.>b|. . ) ) J9G7 N otional Safety Congress iiiliiiiiiistt-tm i' a jm t and fail .system o f compi-iisaUoti tor the tlust diseases. Som e ot the (actors w h ich need to he considered a re : 1. A better definition of lho.se disease con ditions w hich arc caused by the in h ala tion of dost. 1. l ull recognition of the d elayed d e ve l opment of tiro disease process. 3. Compensation payments based on the decree of disab ility rather than radiological appearance. I. M in im a l id the last em ployer responsi bility concept. in the last (wo decades our fundam ental knowledge of the dust diseases Iras pro- pressed fu rth er than in a il o f the preceding u n lm iv s. D espite th is, (In* dust diseases con tinue to be o u r must costly occupationaf dis eases in terms of m o rb id ity and compensa tion costs. T h e greatest reservoir of pneumo coniosis is in tin* bitum inous coal industry. D espite these advances in knowledge, our p reventive techniques h ave not materially changed in the last quarter of a century. The total elim in ation of th is disease for which we have both the engineering and m edical to<lf represents a gloat challenge to this profes sion, H o w ever, if the job is to be done, new concepts* o f prevention and control must be investigated. WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY IS DOING TO CONTROL DUS1 lu* c; e o i k ; e k . j u d y . Execu tive V ice President bitum inous Coni Operators' Association T h e emerging of m echanical m ining of coal in the United States, couplet) w ith all the publicity today on air pollution, lias I nought the problem of dust eontijol to the focus of the m ining in d iis tiy 's alteujiitm . 't his problem has bee accentuated by the a p p li cation of the more modern methods of coal recovery by continuous and longw al! m a chinery and by the increase of rocjc d u llin g for roof holt installation. T h e industry lias recognized this situation v i ll i appropriate g ravity and has taken steps to apply and advance the technolog y o f dust contiol. In light of our present lim ited knowledge of the ciTccts of inhalation o f v a r ious concentrations o f dust over long periods of c\p osutc, current co n tio l m easures aplic .ir to be successful. .Should b o th e r studies prove that lower dust concentrations are nec essary for a healthful atmosphere, the indus try w ill meet those standards by im proving current control measmes or by developing new technology'. Such studies arc now being undetaken jointly by the United States Bureau of M ines and the Htihlie H e alth Service of the D e p a rt ment of H ealth, Edu cation, and W elfare w ilir the cooperation of the m illin g in d u stry. Representatives of the member companies and staff of the B itu m in ous Coni O perators' Association se n e officially as advisors to the governm ent agencies involved in this project. M em ber com panies are m aking available th eir facilitie s fo r dust su rveys under actual m ining conditions. T h e in d ustry fms, if for no other reason* than increased com fort and safety through b elter v is ib ility , ap plied a wide-range of dust control methods anti d evices. Stronger m easures arc being em ployed or tested w h ere silica dust is in volved or where bitu m inous dust is created In undesirable toncontiations. tilica lust is being controlled effectively by w et d rillin g o r vacu u m collectors used w ith rock d rills . Im proved cu ttin g bits have sim plified these m ethods of contiol and the n ivi-p lun cc b y w orkm en of tin* use of respii.lo is g i-o ri.d l)' has been le u li/ rd by the pub lic ity given io ih e ien jg ii/,d L obier d breathing silica dust. Hock dust standards have been strength ened by the low ering of tin* allowable limit of free am i com bined silica content from 25 p ciccn t to 5 percent. Reduction of exposure to silica dust has be en helped by the em ployment of conveyor bells and ruhhcr-timl vehicles for coal haulage and for man trip!. A ll told, the in d ustry lias found and is ap plying the means to control the silica dut encountered in coal mining. T h e problem of controlling coal dust is,on 0 0 0 G2 !) '!* 'I C o i i / M i n i -; the other ham !, moe c om plex, pr< | ami in cm ifnxed |y the (act that tl ing of coal dust has not been posit ognized w ith respect to its co ntribution to respiratory or circu lato ry ailm ents. C o nstant effort is b rin e m ade to find m eans of pro ducing less dust in the m ining operation and to jilm tc, d ive rt or collect the dust th at is produced. In conventional m ining, the use of prop erly situated high pressure w ater sprays, in which (he iiso o f additives Is som etim es beneficial, has brought about a considerable reduction o f d u st at its p rim ary sources in drilling and cutting. W ater-filled I* V C bags for stemming blast holes, im proved coal shooting tech niq u es, and d irect a p p lic a tio n ' of fine m ist o r fog sprays have proven effec tive in abating d ust at its p rim ary source in blasting. Secon dary dust sources such ns loading and tran sferring coal also eau he controlled by sp rays, and roadw ay dust where a problem b y w etting or ap p licatio n of calcium ch lo rid e. One large m ining company w h ich began an intensive stu d y o f dust resu ltin g from conventional m in in g upon its in trod u ction in the m iddle 1930*s conducted d ust su rveys which showed concentrations ranging from 90 to 227 m illio n p articles per c u b ic foot without the use o f w ater sprays d u rin g the loading cy cle . W ith the com bined use of w et drilling, com pressed a ir b lasting , " bug d ust ing" units and sp rays on cu ttin g m achines, sprays on lo ad ing m achines and at tran sfer points, roadw ay sp rin klin g and saltin g , and with normal ve n tilatio n , ty p ical concentra tions in m illio n p a rticle per cu b ic foot w ere reduced to 14.29 for undercutting an d shear ing, 9.25 for d rillin g , 9.4 9 for blasting , and an average o f 7 .8 9 for shuttle car loading, tramming and dum ping. T h is com pares w ith coneentrnthms o! up to 208 m p / c l fo r hundloading operations In the same seam. Continuous m ining norm ally results in the production o f m ore dust and longer periods of operator exposure. H e re , the m ethane lib eration rate frequ en tly dictates the use. of auxiliary face ventilation w ith its attendant benefits of d ilutio n and prom pt rem oval of (lust. E xh au stin g au xilia ry ven tilation sys tems mo m ore Incificient and a rc less e ffec tive for gas rem oval, hut arc advantageous (or dust rem oval in that the n ir cu rre n t is away from the operator. T h is has been rem e died hi various w ays, either by use o f both exhaust and force tubing situated on oppo- s i t e r i b s w i t h t h e d i l u i i i n l e t i i d i y lit b lo w e r d isch g rg a c o f a I m i <* 1.m m o u n te d o n th e iii;icliltfe*W t o p r ia tiii;' \ h a u x ti n g w ith i c s p c c t to th e d ilC C llt'l o f ;tii flo w . T h e m ost sophisticated im invatim i h*r n viroumeiitut dust control is the ciyoe.-ni, b reath in g ap p a ra tu s w hich is being tested In a m ajor coal producer for use by enntimmn; m ilter operators, d be p io lo ly p e devi. < <(n. sfsts basirai))' of a puilabh* ci)ngi*iifc sini.i.'i- vesscl b iu e k e trd on the m achine' tog'lh with a beat exchanger and a quii k-discminect-couplod delivery hose to a buMthing m ask fitted w ith a d em an d ty p e regni.ili*r T iie quick disconnect and 5-foot h-uglh <il Uose give the o p erato r freedom of n m v n m ,t and exit. 'M ie portable storage vessels a rc filled on the su rface from a blend ing tank into \vli> h liq uid oxygen mid n ilm g cu a ir b it iti p e i). proportions. W hen charged fu lly to M p i the vessels weigh 28 pounds. T h e y mi aum7 inches In diam eter and 23 indie s in h.m'lh and arc equipped w ith n pressure gauge an ! control vulve. O th e r methods of p ro vid in g dust (m - .m at com fortab le tem peratures to continuum, m iner operators such as by low-pi essine compressors or sciu h b cis are being expltm-d. None o f these d evices lias had sufficient texts to m e rit com plete evaluation esp ecially iu light o f the unknown degree of the phy .i.i lo g ical affect of bre ath in g bitu m in ous <o.d dust. Lo n gw all m ining sometimes introdiK / s sig n ificant concentrations o f co al d o t into the a ir stream in w h ich c c ila in crew mem hers a rc exposed. ICncmu aging u s u lls in wq> pressing such dust by lu g li-p ic ssm e infu ion o f w ater in ad van ce of the lo n g w a ll b ilia v c been experienced at tin* No. 20 M ia' of T h e Cuihoii Kind (lum p.m y. W a te r infusim i and other mean*, of v . j . ting and of collecting dust do have (be addi tional benefit of reducing the pussihilitv of dust being raised in the alm ospbeie in r q T * sive am ounts. A u x ilia iy ve n tilatio n , m <j i w here dust can Ire e ffe ctive ly collected oi di luted nt the end of the tu bing , docs not lu x e this feature, and w here it is neeexsaiv It m aintain high ve lo cities, lloat dust w ill 1 carried for considerable distances iu u U u u a irw ays. Suspended float lust and p i c i ipitatnd a c cum ulations can be len d eicd inoxplosivr by the use of tiie kle d iixtis \\)ii<h in tm d n ir J 967 N ational S u ,^ y Congress riin nch lo ck dust into the ir tn m air stieam to d ilute the coal dust to an iu c it in ixlm e . T h is has tlic advantage of continuous protec tion and o b viates the need to reap p ly rock dust in back cn tiics. Some coal dusts arc p a ilicu la ily diilicult to wet w ith o u t the use o f ad ditives or in creased tem perature to lower the surface tension o f the w atet. T h e prin cip le of in creasing the w ater temperature to Improve " w ettab ility" has been used w ith outstanding results by at least one major com pany for special ap p licatio n s such ns tran sfer points in tipples and in a long inclined surface convey or tu m id . T h e y h ave found that steam jets at critical transfer points w ill suppress the dust effectively through all subsequent trans fer points includ ing final rail loading. There is, however, little encouragement that steam could be used p ractica lly in underground coni m ines. Increased ve n tilatio n in the last open breakthrough and at the face is s till t|ie most common means of combating air-born dust. T h is is F r e e ly because of the close relation ship of mi lh nic am i dust w ith respect In lh< it al". I lil>i t ,ili<>ii ( I'.rtirin lin u ) hml llm n e c o sitv to d ilu te and rem ove them . M an y mines circu late quantities of fresh a iij several times the legal m inim um through the last open breakthrough. Superior quality ip a lriia l for lin e cm tains is now availab le and is gain ing w id er use in the industry lor conducting a ir into the w orking place more effectively. Fu rth er, the industry lias endorsed the U nited States Ihtreau of M int's proposal to revise the perm issibility schedule to require that boring-type m iners be designed w ith a 200-square inch cross sectional area for ac commodating au xiliary ventilation ductwork. AS d escribed in a paper presented at the 51st A n n u a l M eeting o f the M ine Inspectors Institute of Am erica by M . ('. W . Connor, li of U nited States Steel Corporation's C ary DiviMot, a tw o-split ve n tilatio n system de\ rltip cd iu that d ivisio n is b rin g used to continl tin thane and dust anil (it direct the dust generated at the face aw ay lim n personnel. Ib is involved developm ent of a mining se quence in w h ic h a separate fresh-air split is coursed over the continuous m iner and d i rected to the return perm itting the m ining of two or three places on cycle. Th e system math mote cfT c c liv c use of the ventilating cu rren t at the face by in iiu in i/.tn g the use of lin e brattice am i e lim in a tin g the need for sh uttle cars to tra v e l through cheek cmlnim. M a in tain in g tire lin e cu rta in ahead of the operator is essential in ord er to minimize dust in h is v ic in ity an d p ro m p tly dilute and remove gas. I .it lle lias been done r f h v t iv c ly tit tin: m ed ical fields to w ard (h e prevention or treatm ent o f silico sis and oth er respiratory ailm en ts. 'H ie " A lu m in u m T h e ra p y " process in vo lvin g in h alatio n o f alu m in u m and alu m in a d ust ns n co u n tcractan t w h ic h was de veloped b y (lie in d u stiy-sp u n su ied McIntyre Ite scarcli Fo u n d atio n In C a n a d a has largely fallen into disuse. T h is is p a rtly because the Fo u n d atio n req u ired those companies to w h ich it licensed the process to employ tensive en gineering controls to abate dml und erground, an d th at these controls, in themselves, w en: found to be sufficient. 'I lu te is .some am ount o f controversy ieg arding the m ethods and procedures for col lectin g and p re cise ly e valu a tin g dust sam ples. T h e stan dard in stru m en t used for years In the -o.il in d m .h y is tin* midget hiipingrr. 'Flu* m idget (M ipiiil'ei h.'i'i a c flic ic n c y ol iSO-JOO percent. Threshold lim its fo r m in eral dusts a rc based on impiitger sam p ling , m akin g th e dust counts of such sam ples d ire c tly com p arab le. T h e United States b ureau o f M in es - l 'n b lic Health Ser vice dust stu d y proposes to use other typer o f sam ple co llectio n d evices for both ikm sam p ling and fo r " p ei sonnel" sam pling. C hicu rren t im p in g er sam ples w ill be taken in order to estab lish a basis for conversion ol the data collected d u rin g the m an y years cl in d u stry study o f dust concentrations. The personnel sam p lers w ill he used to <)c(cntti<K' the actu al con centration of dust to whirh vario u s occupations are exposed, at the breathing zone, o ve r a fu ll sh ift period. The experim ent is expected to span n period 1 several years before m ean in g fu l data can lx* obtained fur cnm pu rbu u w ith c lin ic a l studio of ic sp iia ln iv ailm ents of m iiicis. fu sum m atio n, it is ap p aicn t that coal dmt can and in most instances is being controlled to tolerable le v e ls ; and that the industry is w illin g to m eet the ch alleng e posed by stud ies designed to determ in e w h ether coal dust standards should he improved. 000630 ' .sfi Coal M if I'm*; DUST CONT MEASURES i^iVN O3 'dOfnlrliElERR SS/AlFHIY : >J A LONGWALL F A g 1 1 By II. C . M OUTON * D ivision Supt., T h e Carbon Fu e l Com pany, Caihou, W est V irg in ia I During (lie su m m er o f 1003 along w h it \ other officials of T h e C a rb o n F u e l Com pany } I visited the lo n g w a ll faces op eratin g in I Eastern Associated C o rp o ratio n's m in i's at J Kopperston and Ke ysto n e . O u r purpose w as to evaluate the system ns n possible solution to roof control an d re co v e ry problem s in our X. 20 M ine nt Carbon \V . V a . N o. 20 M in e is In the E a g le S cam an d n t th at tim e h ad keen operating fo r a little o ve r tw o ye ars. The roof in th e m in o is com posed o f n strata of very soft ond u nconsolid ated shale j which varies in th ickn e ss from tw e lv e inches j to ten feet. T h is roo f stra ta can be h e ld v e ry $ well iii entries w ith w ooden headers bolted J to tho top and timbered however w h en over 60 percent of tb e scam is m in ed b y con- ventional room an d p illa r m ethods th e shale roof becomes h azardo us a n il d ifficu lt to h a n dle. Consequently seam recovery w as lo w , not ever 55 p ercent, and tho cost o f p ro d u c tion was about e q u al to the sale p ric e . No. 20 Mine was about to fa il an d w e w e re looking for a saviour. f was greatly im pressed w ith the longwnlt S iptem 1 observed at E a s te rn A ssociated Mines--it was lo ve at first sig h t. I fe lt nt that time that the retreat h m g w all m ethod hud Oie potential o f the m ost economical conservative an d safest m ethod o f m in ing Icoal. Now afte r huving been d ire c tly assoeluted w ith longwaM m in in g fo r over three aid n h a lf years m y feeling s h ave not changed. ' Of course, the m ethod has not reached the S potential--it h;fs p ro b ab ly now o n ly reached j i level of evaluation e q u al to the m odel " A " 8 Ford in that lin e of e xce lle n t autom obiles. As j hi' sang then, " H e n ry m ade a L a d y out of 1 l.i//y *--we now* have som ething m ote lik e a H ' jdy in the lin e o f m ining eq uipm en t. ;} No. 2U M in e is now operating three sce- i tioaal units of equipm ent. In n d Jitio n to the hngwatl u n it, one co n ven tio n al sh uttle car unit h used for d eveloping lo n g w all panel | entries and one for m in ing areas of the scam S* adjacent to old m ine w orkings or crop am i poperty lines that cannot he fitted in to the longwall pattern. A lthough the developm ent \\ eclion is d riv in g o n ly tw o entries w h ic h is v e iy inefficient, .since the hmg.w.dl w ent int service, the m ine has tto i.n u c d in an *.* noinicnliy sound position. O ur longwall face started operating M .m li 2, 1904. On July I, 1907, (be .section had operated 1,575 shifts and h ad ptodueed 1,103,262 tons of clean coal m 700. fi) p m . of clean coal per .'.bill. A dd a b o u t 20'.;. fm senm rejects and (he (ntnl m aterial h a n d l'd wn*l ,379,077 tons or 070 tuns p er shift, (ip crating tim e for these calculations includes nil the tim e the mine operated m inus the tim e the longwall equipm ent w as m m im; and being set up. Considering (lie fact (hat we have experienced srveinl in tlu r sennits roof falls on (he head and (ail cullies and on th e longwall face and sulfeied from othei problem s w hich slowed p ro d u ctio n , w e at** nt least not asham ed of these figures. Seam retn v eiv a . w : jo- pi -. n lly *.p. u lug Is good. T h e lic-l pane l c u ttie s v. * driven in sets of (luce entries on 7(M l. t e n ters. T he two rows of 51 ft. x 50 ft. <haiu pillars were left hi (he gob. W hile working w ith llicse projections we w ire recovering B3 p ercen t of the seam area lu -iu e e n th e Im lt off and barrier pillar. Now, we m e driving only two entries for developm ent. T he ch-tin p illar b etw een th e outlies w h ich is hTl in (lie gob is only 17 ft. thick an d 76 ft. long, : we arc now recovering 90.47 percent of the scam area. Heduciug the num ber of chain pillars left in the gob to n n e row of very thin pillars not only incicascd seam recover)' hut it also contributed to our success w ith (he system by elim inating squeezing in the tail en try a n d on the tail side of (he far e. In iny opinion, huge non ) ieldiug p ilin ' left in the gob behind the face and h r lo re n tile caved m ca and \olil <i;il I* lie min d on th e ad jacent panel h e; h< i ii tin- piiiK ip.il cause of the failures in the retrea t lungw alf m ethod of m ining in nm-.l cases. T hey \s ill also cause squeezing ami h u m p in g in <,th; < seam s, over and under, u h e u the)' no non. -I in later years. There have been nm m iou s grow ing pari,; connected w ith the ietie.it h iiig u .d l Mstem A lot of It-.lin ing lee. h e rn n n t -w ii) not .1 lot m ore is needed before the ns stem m-.h J, . 1067 National Safety Congress OFFICERS OF THE COAL MINING SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 General Chairman--W i l l ia m I ' aiw sl, P ittsb u rg h C o al C o ., D iv . of C o nso lidation Coat Co., L ib ra ry , i'a. First Vice-Chairman--J a m e s W e s t f i f .l d , U . S . B u reau o f M in es, D ep artm en t o f the Interior, W ashington, D . C . Second Vice-Chairman--Ha i .p i i B a n k s , In la n d Steel C o ., Scsser, III. Secretary-11. F . W e a v e , U . S . D. C. N ew sU 'tcr Editor--U a y u u r n I I . Bureau of M ines, Dcpurtincut of !> i F r a l e y , Consolidation C o al C o ., the Interio r, Washington, Morgantown, W . Va. Labor Ilepresentatlvcs--"C iiA itL E S F e m iu s o n (C h a ir m a n ), U n ited M in e W o rke rs o f America, W ashington, D . C . ; A l u k u t P a,j s , U n ite d M ine W o rkers o f A m e ric a , D is tric t No. 10, Middlcsboro, K y .; Hen L a u c k , U nited M ine W orkers of A m erica, W ashington, . C.; L e o n a r d P n a k o v ic h . U n ite d N ljiic W o rke rs o f A m e ric a , D is t. No. 3 1 , F a irm o n t, W . Va. iiin iiiiiiio ii.v ('u n i lle p ie \e n i,/ / iiv s - A . F.. C o p e l a n d , I 'oeahonlas F u r l C o ., D lv . ol Consolidation C o al C o ., Pocahontas, V a .; JHo u e iit W i l l ia m s , Colorado F u e l it Iro n C o ., Pueblo, C o lo .; C o y S o u t h , B e ll & Z o lle n C o a l C o ., Johnston C it y , I I I . ; E . E . Q u e n o n , Peabody C o a l C o ., S t. L o u is , M o .; W i l l i a m M e a d o w s , T h e P ittsb u rg Sc M id w a y C o a l Mining Co ., Sturgis, K y . Anthracite Hei>resentatives-Coal Associations' Ueinesentatives--Q u in n M o r io n I I I , Execu tive S ecretary, Southern C o a l P ro d ucers' A ssn ., C h a rle sto n , W . V a .; M I a j iiiy G a n d y, Jr ., N ational C o a l A ssn ., W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; Fom> S a m p s o n , O h io C o al A ssn ., S t. Clalrsville, O hio; C e o iic e T r ev o r iio w , B itum ino us C o al O perators' A ssn., W ashington, D . C .; C hes t e r T iu/a .y , A m erican M in in g C o n g re ss, W ashing to n , D . C . U. S. Bureau of A lines Representatives--F r a n k C . M e m m o t t , U . S . B ureau o M ines, Dept, of the Interior, W ashington, D . C . M ine inspectors' in s iiie of A m e ric a ite jm is tn iu iiu e 11. D . B u a d fo r d , U . S . Bureau ol M ines, M cAlester, O kla. Slate Mine Inspectors' Ueprcseniatmcs--Ah n o ld S n o w d en , O hio D iv . o f M ines, Coluinbuj, O hio; Ho iie r t J . M anns, W est V irg in ia D ep t, o f M ines, Charleston, W . V a .; L eon B urr, Illin o is D epartm ent ol M in es and M in e ra ls, S p rin g fie ld , 111.; D e n n is J . K e e n a n , Penn sylvania D epartm ent of M ines and M in eral Ind ustries, Crcsson, F a .; A . f l . M anot, Ke n tu cky D epartm ent o f M ines and M in e ra ls, Le xin g to n , K y .; W a r d P a d c e t t , Okla homa Department of M ines and M ining, Oklahom a C ity , O k la.; H . T . W illtams, Alabama D iv . of Safety and Insj Department o f Mines and Miner:] Mino In sp e ctio n D e p t., D e n ve r, Virginia, Uig Stone C ap, V a .; C mission o f U ta h , Salt L a k e C ity , OOOG9 I D iiin in g lia n i. A la .; \V f ^ C o iif Sfini'i "olor ,h U> < I l t e i i E S ' f l __ ncs. Stale 4t I. GitoNNircr. C li.iii m a n ,.'tlx ; lijiln s t i u l C ..m Engineering Com m ittee--Donald M itchell (Chairman), U . S . B m e a u of M im s , P ul Imrgh, P a .; E . J. H i.insky, W A B C O , G oodm an D iv is io n , C h ica g o , I I I .; S. I I . t. Jeffrey M an u factu rin g C o .# C o lu m b u s, O h io ; C . A. Uaii.ey, A p p lied Jlc sc u rc li L a b o u r .: , U. S. Ste e l C o rp ., M onro eville, P a .; J ames E lkin, D u rp ic siic L ig h t C o ., C o a l D . pi , Pittsburgh, P a .; C . B . F jif.llsen, Jo y M an u factu rin g C o ., F in u k lii), F a .; L ewis .y Mc.N i c k i .v:, lla tm a C o a l C o ., D iv . o i Co nso lid atio n C o a l C o ., Cad/. O h io ; C i .u u :. Jesse, Scm ct-So lvay D iv ., A llie d C lic m ic a l & D y e C o rp ., T ra le e , W. Va.; T om L ea.. U. S. Steel C o rp ., F r ic k D iv ., U n io n to w n , P a .; K . J. U aiuus, U . S . B u re a u of M ine*, Pittsburgh, P a .; S . P . P o la c.k , U . S . B u re a u o f M in e s, P ittsb u rg h . P a .; W . \V . l>A;iM.t\v, Bethlehem M ines C o rp ., Jo hn stow n , P a .; 11aj.i*h Khlk, U . S . B ureau o f M in es, Pill - burgh, Pa.; IIaiivky Younkeii, United Mine W orkers of America, Dish i d No. 2. lCl.t*. burg, Pa.; James V. Uuiigkss, Madison, W. Va.; John Ka ii.u :, Kasteiii Associated t n il Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Entertainment C om m ittee--E v e iie t t W h it e (Chairman), M in e S a fe ly A p p lia n ce s C o ., P ile u burgh. P a .; H . E . M a u c k , M ountaineer C o a l C o ., D iv . o f Co nso lid atio n C o a l C o ., 1*,It - moot, W. Va. Training, A n d Visual Aids Com m ittee--I I a iio l o D a v is (Chairman), Coni A g e , N e w Voil . N. Y .; S . I I . M o o n ey ; W o o dw ard Iro n C o ., W o o d w a rd , A la .; M a u iiic p . F o u i .r u , Diquesne L ig h t C o ., G rccnslroro, P a .; P a u l U u u z a k , Fre e m a n C o a l M in in g C o rp ., \\ t i Frankfort, III.; W a l t e u F le m in g , U . S . Steel C o rp ., Birm ingham , A l.i.; J u liu s O i.v*u , llam m C o ., D iv . of Consolldiition C o al C o ., C a d iz , O ld o ; C e o in a : L a o ii;, Me f s m ii-I h n .t. > Publications, C o a l M in in g & Processing, C h ic a g o , 111.; D . S . K in g e iiv , U . S . B u n a n oi Mines, P itts b u rg h , P a .; F . D . U a k e ii, U . S . B u re a u o f M in e s, P itts b u rg h , P a . i'ragunn C om m ittee--W a iid S t a h l (Chairman), U . S . bureau of M in i s. D e p t, of llm In \ terior, W a sh in g to n , D . C .; E . L . B a k e ii, L y n c h D is tric t, U . S . S teel C o rp ., L y n c h , K> . Ci i .v h les D . B o w l in g , Scm ct-S o lvay D iv ., A llie d C h e m ic a l & D y e C o r p ., l.o o g .u *. W . V a .; P a u l L in g o , N orth A m erica C o a l C o r p ., O h io D iv ., Po w ha tan P o in t, Ohi<*. John B e e v e s , M id -Co ntinent C o a l and C o k e C o rp ., C a th o m k tlc, C o lo .; H. L . \ 1 -1 s. Bituminous C o a l Operators* A ssociation, W a sh in g to n , D . C ; C u a iu .cs I f . M y i .hs. Mint- S afe ty-A p p lia n ce s C o ., P ittsb u rg h , P a .; L e w is J f.s a l o s k y , H an n a C o a l C o ., D iv . <>i Consolidation Coat C o ., C a d iz, O hio. Membership Com m ittee--J a m e s H u iu .e y (Chairman), N orth A m erican C o a l C o rp .. C le u land, O h io ; A . J. D a i i t l e i t , Southern C o a l Prod ucers A ssn ., C h a rle sto n , \V . V,* , f Al e x K e L k m a n , A rinco Steel C o rp ., C o a l D iv ., M onteoal, W . V a .; #C , ). Island C re e k C o al C o ., H o ld en , W . V a .; C l a i i e n c e J e s s e , Sem ct-So lvay D iv ., A ile d Chemical & D ye C o rp ., T ra le e , W . V a .; D e n n is F u a il i.y, O ld Ben C o al C m p ., Benton. 111.; S . I I . M o o n e y , W o o d w ard Iro n C o , W o o d w a rd , A la .; U . K . M a u c k , M ount u rv\ r Coal C o ., D iv . o f Co nso lidation C o al C o ., F a irm o n t, W . V a .; J enci: S i i r i r i t , Ifm - i Coni C o ., D iv . of Consolidation C o al C o ., C a d iz , O h io. H.xi| C o ntro l Co m m ittee--F u a n g is H. B o y l e (Chairman), F r ic k D is tiie t, U . S . Steel C m p , Uniontown, F a .; P a u l B u d z a k , Freem an C o a l M in in g C m p ., W est F ra n k fo rt, III.; 3 19S" N ational Safety Congress i J o n s M c C o u m i c k , U . S . B u re au of N1jin 's, P ittsb u rg h , P a .; l i . l i . Q u e n o n , Peabody ! Coal C o ., S t. Lo u is, M o.; W . S. M c C o n n e l l , U . S. Steel C o rp , C a ry , W . V a .; E dwasd | O n u s c h e k k , Ro ch ester & P ilts h iu g h C o a l C o ., In d ia n a , l 'a .; K .m i .iiy O l s e n , Western j D istrict, C o al D iv ., U . S. Steel C o rp ., Drai;ert<m, U ta h ; D . C . J o n e s , M eLeaa-1 limici j P u b lica tio n s. C o al M in in ); & Processin g, C h icag o , I I I .; C h a u l e s T . I Io l i .a n o . West j V iri;in ia U n iv e rsity . School of M in es, M m g a n lu w n , W . V a .; " J o s h u a S m i t h , linslcrn j. A ssocialioii Coal C m p , M l. Hopc, W . V a .; A. M . S u a it it i, Itrp u h lic Steel C m p , Uiilmi- { town, l 'a. j Publicilu C om m ittee--H e x L a u c k (Chairman), U n ite d M in e W o rke rs of A m e rica, Wash- f ins>on, D. C.; H a r r is o n C i l m e i i , U . S . D u rca ii of M in e s, D c p a rlin c n t o f the Interior, W ashington, D . C .; I I e u b e iit F o s t e h , N ational C o al Association, W ashington, D . C.; j A . E . F l o u e u s , C o al A g e, M c C r a w - lIill P u b lish in g C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; Ito iiE n r Vf. | V a n E v e h a , A nierican M ining Congress, W ashing to n, D . C .; O co n e e C . L indsay, f M r L e a n - H iin tc r Pub licatio ns, C h ica g o , I l k ; W a r r e n I I . M o ss, C o n tin e n ta l O il Co., j New York, N. Y. O ff-Tlic-fab Safety Com m ittee--P e t e i i F l u g u s o n (Chairman), B ethlehem M ines Corp, Jo hn sto w n , l' a .; W . 11. P a r k , U . S . b u re a u o f M in es, M t. H o p e , W . V a .; J . J . G e m a c ii, Jn ., V irg in ia D iv . of M ines, llig fjtouc C a p , V a .; C a r s o n I l r m u n s , D is tric t 28, United M ine ' Yorkers of Am erica, Norton, V a .; T h o m a s I a im e r, W estm oreland Coal Co, Stonega D iv ., B ig Stone G ap , V a .; W il l ia m M u n c ie , Bitum inous C asualty Corp, Hock Is la n d , I I I . ; E . W . L e w i s , N o rth A m e ric an C o a l C o r p ., O h io D iv ., Powhatan Point, Ohio. I Contest-Awards C om m ittee--` H a r r y - G a n d y , J n . (Chairman), N atio n al C o a l A ssn ., Wash ington, D . C .; B o d e iit V in k s , B itum inous Coni O perators' A s s n , W ashington, D . 0.; R e x L a u c k , United M ine W orkers o f A m erica, W ashington, D . C . Research A n d Planning Com m ittee--" W o o d s G . T a l m a n (Chairman), U . S . Steel C o r p , P ittsb u rg h , l 'a .; 4A n d u f.w I I v.s i .o i -, J h , Ila n n a C o a l C o , D iv . of Consolidation C o al C o , C a d iz , O h io ; 4 11Aim Y G a n d y , J n , N atio n al C o a l A s s n , C o a l B ld g , Wash ington, D . C .; * C . E . L in k o u s , Islan d C re e k C o a l C o , H o ld en , W . V a .; * M . F . B r en n a n , U n ite d M in e W o rkers of A m e ric a , D is tric t N o. 7 . H a z le to n , P a .; ` J a m e s D . B e im .V, ll.in u a C o a l C o , D iv . of Co nso lidation C o a l C o , C ad e/, O h io ; " J o s h u a S m i i t i , Eastern Associated C o a l C o r p , M t. H o p e, W . V a .; ` C h a r l e s F e i i c u s o n , U n ite d M in e Workers of Am erica, W ashington, D . C . Nominating Com m ittee--" W o o d s G . T a l m a n (Chairman), U . S . Steel C o r p , Pittsburgh, P a . ; ` A n d r e w H y s l o p , J n , H an n a C o a l C o , D iv . o f C o n so lid atio n C o a l C o , Cadiz, O hio; ` H a r r y G a n d y , J n , National Co al A ssn , W ashington, D . C . Stall Reprsentai Iv e - C i.m ro r t H . ilo c ir . N ational Safety C o u n cil, 425 N . M ichigan Ave, Chicago, III. 60011. fo rt General Chairm an PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY ROriOnESn OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL. CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yoursctl. You can exchange views and ideas on accident p r e v e n tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . . on safety in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the faun. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. : This four-day educational program, planned and pie sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety c>'pe rience in 1968. [ j n 1; ii t ':l f Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 O c to b e r 28 31 1969 O c to b e r 27 30 1970 O c to b e r 26 2 9 1971 O c to b e r 25 2 8 1972 O c to b e r 2 3 2 6 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLIN O IS C e c il ) ) i i H>7 Xtitionai S . , j Congress names arc different. Fo llo w in g the directions of the m anufacturers in m ixing and applying these chem icals is tire safest p o licy and w ill give the most effective re se lls. T h e person in charge o f the program should be w e ll nequainUd w ith the tenns used in the recoin- mended in structions and fa m ilia r with the equipm ent provided to do the job. His know ledge m u st be thorough and accurate, for according to the old sayin g , " I t 's better to know nothing than to kn o w something that s not so" . OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Cenerai Chairman--* T . S . M c K o s k y , S u p e rv iso r of To o llio u scs, B eth leh em Steel Bethlehem, Pa. Vice-Cenerai Chairman--* W . G . B r y s o n , S a fe ty D ire c to r, T id e w a te r C o nstructio n Norfolk, V a. Cenerai Secretary--^ F r e d e r ic k H . D e e c , M g r., A ccid e n t & F l i c P reven tio n D e p t., ican M utu al Insu ran ce A llia n c e , C h ic a g o , 111. Aritsinnf G e n e r a l S e c r e ta r y -- * F red A . IlonNSEY, In ., Pro d uct I , ine M a n a g e r, M in e Appliances C o ., Pittsburgh, P ii. ' ' C o rp, C o ni., Am er Safety t D IV ISIO N S l Building-- B ro nson A . C o l e , ( C h a ir m a n ) , S a fe ty E n g in e e r, E n g in e e rin g & Construction D iv., Koppers C o ., In c ., Pittsburgh, P a .; C iia iii.cs F . S rA iiiu i.i., ( Vice-C hairm an r. Assistant C h ie f E n g in e e r, L ib e r t y M u tu a l In su ra n ce C o ., C h icag o , 111.; B a i .i-i i A r a m s . Safety En g in eer, M ille r D a v is C o ., M elro se P a rk , I II .; Ha i.i 'H W . A h m s t iio n c , Supervising Engineer, Engineering D iv ., T h e T ra v e le rs Insurance C ., H artfo rd . Conn ; | | o iin I ) . Bo n h a m , Su p ervising E n g in e e r, Jo y c e & C o ., C h ic a g o , 111.; C ii.u u i s \V . B o r d e n . J u . Manager o f Safety, C eco C o rp ., C h ica g o , I I I .; H e n r y V . C a u v iix . Safety D irector Insurance M anager. H en ry C . B e ck C o m p an y, D allas, T e xa s; P a u l I I . C o n n e l l i. v, United Brotherhood o f C a rp e n te rs & Jo in e rs o f A m e ric a , W a shing to n , D . C . ; W a r r e n C. I I a iic iie a v e s , Safety D irector, Fruin-C o ln o n Contracting C o ., St. Iam is, M o.; I I. F . Huoer, Safety D irector, Beacon Co nstruction C o ., Boston, M ass.: N o m iia ir I. I I v n ik . Safety D irector, Associated C en eral Co ntractors of G reater M ilw aukee, M ilw aukee, W Is.; F red er ic k M . L ivin csto n , Jn ., Safety D irector, T u rn e r Construction Com pany, New York, N . Y .; Ito iiE n r D . M cC a l l . M anager o f Accident Prevention, Co nstruction Industry Advancement Program , Pittsburgh, P a .: I I u c ii J. M c B a e , Asst. Secy. B uild in g Construe- tion E m p lo yers' A ssn ., C h ica g o , 111.; F r a n c is L . O t t o , C o u stn ic lio n S p e c ia list. O llie c of Occupational S afe ty , B ureau o f L a b o r S tan d a rd s, U . S . D c p a rlm c u t of L n lio r, W a sh ington, D . C . ; A l f r e d L . P e ii i n i , J n ., S a fe ty D ir ., P e rin i C o rp ., F ra m in g h a m , M ass.; IticilAr.n E . S c iiiio e o e ii, D irector, Hom e O llie c Engineering Services, Am erican Mutual l ia bility Insu ran ce C o ., W n k c lic k l, M a s s .; D o n a l d W . S t i l w e i . l , J i l . S a fe ly Supervisor, The Ceco C o rp ., Chicago. III.: G e n e W assf.h m a n , Safety D irector, W exlo r Cnnstriu lion Company, In c ., Newton H ighlands, M ass.; |* llo n e ir r A . W e n o e l l , C h ie f, Safety Olliec, U. S. A n n y Engineer D ivision , South A tla n tic, A tlanta, C n .; I a ck W il k in s o n , D m . On, Education, W elfare & Safely, La b o re rs'In tcrn n tio u al Union of N inth A m ciica -A F t.-O lO , Washington, D . C .; E n w iN N . Z in e r , P ro je ct M anager, C cutg o 11. I I . M a co m licr C o , (Allston Slat io n ) Boston, Mass. vWtJ* s-\ *,s o 0 0 0 6Jv3>(y> Ucaoy--* D a n C . C iih is t ic , (C h a ir m a n ), P re sid e n t, T h e C h ristie C o ., Sacram ento , ( 'a l ii .; James R. M ilo i\ (V ic e C h airm an ), Safely M anager, H . K . Ferguson C o ., Cleveland, Ohio; J* C E o n c E E . A n o , S a fe ty E n g in e e r, U n ite d Eng in eers and C o nstructo rs, lot . l'hilndclpliin, P a .; J o h n BAniCEn, S a fe ty S u p e rviso r, T h e R a lp h M Parsons C o ., I .ns Angeles, C a lif.: C a r l y l e F . B u n n , C h ie f, S a fe ty B ra n c h , U . S . A rm y E n g in e e r Djxiij< i **" isas C H y , Kansas C it y , M o .; C . M . C a i i i l l , S a fe ty E n g in e e r, M assm an C o nstiuctio u r, Kansas C it v , M o .; F r e d S . C a m e h o n , S a fe ty S u p e rv iso r, E h a sco S erv ices, In c , lw Y o rk , N . Y .; J a c k C h a m b e r s , A l Johnson C o nstructio n C o ., M in neap o lis, M i,m ; Vn e L . C h r is t e n s e n , Insu ran co M ana ger & S a fe ty D ire cto r, T h e R u st E n g im v i in; M , Pittsburgh, P o .; J a c k U . D u n c a n , D ire c to r o f In d u stria l R elatio n s. 'Tanner Rro-i! ^ `* Phoenix, A riz.; | N eil E . G a r b e r , Consultant, H insdale, III : \\\ uWtenovE, Safety En g r., Engineering Design and Construction, Tennessee V aliev Au- |` Knoxvi l l e. T e n n .; W . M . I I o x l i :, C h ie f, S afe ty O ffice, U . S . A n n y E n g in e e r Div | A jjM w E n g la n d . W a lth am , M ass.; D . F . H uddleston, Senior A ccid e n t Prevention OlliVer. I H y d ro -E le ctric P ow er C o m m ission o f O n tario , Toro nto, O n t., C a n a d a .; J o s c rn |\ I ) ) H unt.man, Construction S p e c ialist, E m p lo y e rs M u tu als o f W a u sa u , lliv e r Fo rest, III.; C layton C . Kilpatrick, Safety Eng ineering Supervisor, P ort o f N ew Y o rk Authority, W o rld T ra d e C e n te r, N ew Y o rk , N . V'.; A . It . K l a s u a k , M ana g er o f S a f e ly , Ilunldn- C u iik c y C im s liu c liim la)., (Cleveland, O h io ; lto w A iin S . L atham, C h ie f S a fe ty Engineer, Bureau of R eclam ation , D e n ve r, C o lo .; Dali: M aiui, V ic e P re s., S a fe ty D ire c to r, Operat ing E n g rs ., L o c a l Union 3, San Francisco , C a lif.; R o m a n J . Massman, Safety Engineer, M assm an Co nstruction C o ., Kansas C ity . M o .; C . Russell M attson, M an a g e r, Accident P re ve n tio n , D rn vo C orporation, P ittsb u rg !), P a .; W illiam B. Murphy, C h ie f S a fe ty Office, C h ie f o f E n g in e e rs, D ep artm ent o f the A rm y , W a sh in g to n , D . C.; C harles R. N eijon, S .ile ty Supervisor, Slone A W ebster En g in e e rin g Corporation, llnstnn, M ass.; J. II. O'Neill, S afe ty S u p v r., T h e F lu o r C o rn . L t d ., L o s A ng eles, C a lif .; E r n e L . I'epley, Pedley-Know les it C o ., San Francisco, C a lif.; C luff A . Peteiison, D ire cto r of Safety, V in n c ll C o rp ., A lh am b ra, C a lif .; Frank Roiieuts, In d u stria l R elatio n s M anag er, Dravo f'm p .. R e lie vin ', W a sh .; Aiitiiiiii L . S ia iM iu n ., D ire c to r, S a fe ty and T ra in in g Division, Tim Associated General (aiutractors of A m erica. In c ., W ashington, 1), C .; T homas J, Seymour, Safety Eng ineer, Teiuicssec V a lle y A u tlio rity , K n o xville , T e n n .; L ee D . T n a cr, D u e c to r, L o s s C o ntro l, In g ram C o rp ., N e w O rle a n s, L a . ; J acob J . Veatcii, C h ie f, Safety O ffice U . S . A rm y E ng in eers D iv is io n , M isso u ri R iv e r , O m ah a, N e b .; O . C . W akefield, C h ie f, S a fe ty O ffice, S t. P au l D is tric t, C o rp s o f E n g in e e rs, U . S . A rm y , S t. P a u l, Minn.; J * E .\ n L W . W heeled, S afe ty E n g in e e r, N a v a l F a c ilitie s E n g in e e rin g C o m m an d , Navy Departm ent, W ashington, D . C .; Kenneth A . W hite, C h ie f, Safety O ffice, Chicago Dis trict C o rp s o f En g in e e rs, C h icag o , I I I .; jE n O M E J . W illiams, D ire c to r o f S a fe ty , Mor- rison-Knud sen C o ., In c ., Boise, Id a h o ; J ames R. York, S a fe ty E n g in e e r, C a rd e n B . Hall, In c.. D anville, C a lif. . i/ic /iic ii!/--I ' D onald W . D oikon ( C h a irm a n ) , M anag er, E n g in e e rin g D e p t., A etna Casualty A S u re ty C o . C h icag o , I I I .; E ugeni! W . Rodions ( V ic e - C h a irm a n ), M anag ing Director, Co ntractors D iv is io n , A m erican R o ad B u ild e rs' A ssociation, W a sh in g to n , D . C . : H omer F . C l a r k , Safety O fficer, Departm ent p f Com m erce. B ureau of P u b lic Ronds, Washington, D . C .; R a ym o n d R . C iio w e , D irector of S afety, W estern Pennsylvania H e a v y & Highway C o nstructio n In d u stry A dvancem ent Program F u n d . P ittsb u rg h , P a .; J . Montcomehy F a iiiia ii, D irecto r of Education & T ra in in g , V irg in ia Hoad B uild ers A ssn., Richm ond. Va.; L eonard F reed, O h io Co ntractors A ssn ., C o lu m b u s. O h io ; D ave C aubielson, Safety D ire c to r. Johnson Bros. Constructors. In c .. L itc h fie ld . M in n .: P h ilip A . I I avey, Supt., H om e O ffice En g in e e rin g , T h e H artfo rd In su ra n ce C ro u p , H a rtfo rd . C o n n .; D ale R. M f.d s k it i, D a le M edskcr & Associates, In c .. A tla n ta , Oil; W aiuikn R. M endel, Engi neering and G ra d in g Contractors A ssn , o f C a lifo rn ia . L o s A ng eles, C a lif .; C harles R. Nelson. S a fe ty Su pervisor, W a rren Bros. C o ., C a m b rid g e. M a ss.; RoBEnT O . Nimmo, S a fe ty D ire c to r, P eter K ie w it Sons' , In c ., O m ah a, N e b r.; Roy H . O lson, Safety Engi neering C o n su lta n t, M ich ig an M u tu al L ia b ilit y C o .. L a n sin g . M ic h .; J ames A . R amsey, la .. S a fe ty D ire cto r. W estern C o n tractin g C o rp ., Sio u x C lt v . Io w a ; VV. B . SalzMan, M illm m B ro th ers, In c .. M ount Prospect, I I I .: R onE nT E . Vf.iigie. A sst. M g r. Pacific Regional Engineering D ept., Firem an's Fu n d Am erican Insurance Com panies, San Fran cisco, C a lif. Home B iiif d iu g - t * IR o u i ut L . Moore (C h a ir m a n ), Assistant S e cre ta ry . Lumbermans M u tu al C a s u a lly C o .. Ch icag o , I I I .: Nelson D. N issen (V ic e - C h a ir m a n ), C h ie f Safety E n g in e e r, A rgonaut In su ran ce , M enlo P a rk . C a lif .: F rank R . D wveb. M g r., Engineering D e p t.. R e lia n c e Insu ran ce C o s.. San F ra n c isc o , C a lif .; Clem ent J . L uepke. Consultant, E a st S t. L o u is , I I I .; W m . P . Youngclaiis, J n ., M anaging D ire c to r, T h e National Hci n e d e le r s Associaliiui, N e w Yin!;, N. Y. S p e rin lli/--* T . J . L askowski (C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty & C la im s S u p e rviso r. T ra n s it Insurance A d m inistrato rs, San F ran cisco , C a lif.: f Mahtin F . Muliiali. ( V ic e - C h a irm a n ), Manager, S afe ty E n g in e e rin g D e p t., Fre d S . Jam es it C o .. C h icag o . I I I .: Vincent D . AuBuciion, D ire c to r. F ie ld S afe ty , Nooter C o rp .. S t. L o u is , M o .: C . A . B eane. A sst. Sales Manager, F ib re M etal Products C o ., Ch ester, P a .; R ay L . Beei.f.h. D ire c to r o f L e g istra tiv e Affairs, T h e Assl dated C e n e ra l Contractors o f A m e ric a, In c ., S ale m , O re .; Raymond W . Brandt, D ire cto r S afe ty Services, O 'R ourke & C o m p an y , In c ., F o rt W n v n e , In d .; Archer W. Ilitirw N . C h ie f F.ngr., Am erican H oist A D e rrick C o .. St. P a u l, M in n .: A l a n F . Runcii, Safety D irecto r, International U nion of O perating Eng in eers. A F L - C f O , Washington, D . C..: F n c n A . C ampbell, Insu ran ce M anager, J . F . P ritch a rd A C o ., Ka n sas C ity , Mo.; R . 1. D o u c n E u rY , Corporate D ire cto r o f S a fe ty , Steam s-R og er C o rp ., D e n ve r, Colo.; Rernif. M . E nfteld, Safety A T ra in in g D ire c to r, C h icag o B rid g e A Iro n C o ., O ak Brook, I I I ; I G erard O . C riffin , M anager, H a z a rd C o n tro l, D ra v o C o rp ., P ittsb u rg h , Pt.; cn Charles J . 1I aiit, S c c rc ln ry , C o des A Stan dards C o m m ., N ational l'.li:(ti ical C o n ti, ir lm s Assn., In c ., W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; |B oiikmt L. J enkins, C o nsu ltant, ro lo m a c , M d .; W a u n ii. \V. Kinc, C h ie f S a fe ty O llic c , U . S . A rm y E n g in e e r D ivisio n , N in th I 'a c iiie , 1`o illa m l. Oregon; John v . O 'Hihkn, S afe ty S u p v . & i.a lio r ltrla lio iis I h p r ., I lr e lile l C o ip o ra lio i,. San F ra n c isc o , C a lif .; I I kniiy T . 1' ia ii:/ , E d ito r, Construction M ethods A E ito ip m i o l. New Y o rk , N . Y -; Alan Reed, M anager, Product Engineering, D an iel W oodhcad t o , Chicago, 111.; R o m a n C . Renfuoic, C h a irm a n of the B oard , J . C . Ite n fio c & Sons, In c , Jacksonville, F la .; G . J. Samson, G eneral M anager, Construction Safety Associations of Ontario, T o ro n to , O n ta rio , C a n a d a ; A . J . Scaiidino, S afe ty D ire c to r, Ja lm c k e S e rv ic e . New O rleans, L a .; John G . Sellers, Safety Engineer, Com hoslion Engineering, h ie , W indsor, C o n n .; I I unteii 1*. W haiiton, G e n e ral P resident, In tc riia tro n a l U n io n o f O p e r ating E n g in e e rs, W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; Stephen R . W hited, R egion al Sales M g r., E . D . Bullard C o ., R n rrln g lo n , I I I .; ViCTOn E . W iiitehohse, D ire cto r o f S a fe ty , in te rn atio n al llrn lh eilm nd o f K ln d r ic u l W o rk e rs, W ash in g to n , I ) . G .: E . I .. W ii.son, GitiitiiI S u p civlr.o r of Safety, Am erican liild g e D lv ., U . S . Steel C o rp ., Pittsburgh, Pa. STAN DIN G C O M M IT T E E S Program C om m ittee--W . G . Bryson, C o ord in ator; C o -C h airm en ; C . F . SrAnnEi.L (B uild ing), L ee D . T bacy ( H e a v y ) E . W . R o n n iN s-^ H ig h w a y ), M . F . Mui.iia i.i. ( S p e c ia lly ) . Membership C om m ittee--H . V . C abvili (C h a ir m a n ), B . A . Cole, D an C . C iiiiistie, D . W . Dodson, T . J . L askowski, Robert L . M o o nE. Newsletter C om m ittee--B . h i. E nfield, E d ito r. Health C om m ittee--C L A n E B . ScirwAnTZ, n.N. (C h a ir m a n ), Em p lo ye rs M utu als o f W a u sau . River Fo rest, I I I .; E dward L . M cC nEC on, General Sales M anager, U n l/ F Ic x D iv ., M e d i cal Supply C o ., Ilo ckfo rd , I II .; R o iiEnT D . M u LIIA l.f., M anager, W estern D istrict, W i l l i M amiincTurlng C o ., Saratoga, C a lif.; Jane T . Sloane, h.n ., Construction Nurse, G K Ncwberg Construction C o ., Chicago, III.; Jean R . W elsh, n.N., Constiuction N in - r. Hartnett-Shaw h Associates, Chicago, III. Research C om m ittee--P . A . H a v e y (C h a ir m a n ). Public Relations C o m m ittee--H unteu P . W haiiton ( C h a irm a n ) . Training Coinm lttce--A n r m m L . Schmuiil (C h a irm a n ). Visual Aids C om m ittee--R . J . D ougherty (C h a ir m a n ). Standards C om m ittee--D a k C . C hristie (C hairm an). Special Protects C om m ittee--W m . B . Murphy (C h a irm a n ). Off-tlie-Job C om m ittee--P aul I I . Connellky (C h a ir m a n ). Nominating C om m ittee--E. W . W heeleh (C h a ir m a n ), C eorce E . Ann, F rederick II. Deec, Robert L . M oore, Robert A . W endell. Honorary L ife M e m b e r s-R . 'J. Behley, C . M . Cahill. Staff Representative--C harles J . Popke, J r ., N ntionnl S afe ty C o u n cil, 425 N . M ich ig an A v e .. Chicago, Illin o is 60611. trust General Chairm en 'Adm inistrative Com m ittee (Task Force ) ) 1067 *N(im Safety Congress mmimnm injury to em ployees; to promote m axim um olJicirm *y; ;itil to e lfrc t savings by pn \ ruling injury and by rrth n in g intem ip- tions caused by occupational accidents.' Tin* objective was followed by an outline of mt'tiioils of obtaining the objvtive: 'lliv l i\ 'iirr s ni ill' A iv iil 'til P ti'W iiliim I'lan w ill depend upon tin; p a itii ipulioit anil <fir>|4-1:it it iti of supra vism :; and em ployees of all < (o r. am i Mil/ t uututclar; ntgitj'ed on tliis p io je ct, and tin*, coordination of th eir e llo ils in e a rn in g ` 'il tlu : fo llo w in g basic procedures: 1 . Planning a ll w ork to protect against personal in ju ry, property dam age, and loss of productive time. 2. M aintaining n system o f prompt detec tion am i collection of unsafe practices and conditions. I 3. M aking available and enforcing the use of personal protective equipm ent and m e d ia n \l guards. i I. Ivstablis lung a n r l l r r t i w sy.'.lem ol tool and equipment inspection mid maintenance, 5, E sta b lish in g an cducation n] program to insure the interest an d cooperation o f all em ployees through: A. tYisniinl example and sal ply contacts. 1). In structio n in safe ty requirement: and insistence on co in p liau ctj w ith Mich req uirem ents. \ C . Safely meetings. D . Inflective use o f bulletins;, rosters, or other safety literature. j IC. Investig atio n o( a ll accidents to de termine their cause and prom ptly tak ing the corrective action to prevent their recurrence. G. E a c h con tractor's and sub-contractor's principal supervisors shall obtain a copy of and shall com ply w ith the Indiana Safety Code for the Construction Ind ustry, and m les am i regulations a p p lica b le to tlu- w in k performed by c a d i em ployer on this proj ect." h o llo w in g the o u tline o f six m ethods to gain (lie ob jectives, the ic sp u u sib ilU ics of the chief project engineer; the safety coordina tor; the contractors and sub-contractors; ami tlu- job forem en a rc ou tlined . T h e c h ie f project engineer is responsible for the en tire plan as l have outlined it (n this point and, in addition, must appoint a safety coordinator, author i/m g him to en force safety measures and to recommend cum live action when suh-staudaid prac tices and conditions are observed. 2t> 'Hu* resp onsib ility ol the safety coordina tor is to follow a ll pli e rs ol (he plan ns they have been outlined am i in m ld itum maintain adequate u coub. T h e responsibilities o f the contractor and sob ennhaelni aie; 1. ( aMiiply w ith a ll |>io\ i .i*iis o f the Acci dent Prevention I'la n , in clu d in g attendance at and pm tieipallon in salety meetings. 2 , Appoint u q u alified lep ie-.eiil/itlvo with fu ll au tlm iity to uet on a ll tu n tleis lelalhig lu the Aeeidcul I'reveiitiim I'lan. G. P lan w ork to protect against person! in ju ry , property d am age, and loss o f produc tive time. 4. Cooperate w ith the p roject safety coor dinator. 5 . C o m p ly w ith the req uirem ents of the In d ia n a State Co de and a ll other codes relat ing to his operations. 6. P ro vid e to em ployees and visitors all persona] protectivo eq uip m en t required by the e \ pi ism am i en ftiieu the use o f Midi e q uipm en t. 7. In su re that prom pt first aid Is ndmhmUued to an in ju re d em ployee an d transport him to the project c lin ic or ns otherwise di reeled by the clin ic. 8. C o m p ly w ith a ll req u ired nccidcnt re porting procedures. T im ou tline of the job forem an's responsi bilities include: 1. .Selling a good exam ple fo r the moo. 2. In stru ctin g in safe w o rk practices and work methods. 3. Use o f proper protective equipm ent and proper tools. 4. Cheekin g for u nsafe conditions atul practices. 5. C o m p letely in vestig atin g accidents to determ ine causes and takin g a ll necessary collective action. 0. Prom p tly com pleting req uired Accident Heports. 7. Holding meetings w ith men. T h e lim n s M aib nr con stru ctio n supervi sion and safety personnel are continually m tiic construction areas and in sist on strict com pliance w ith the A ccid en t Prevention P lan and the ``( c i in a l S a le ty Hides for Con tractors" . T h e f a d that the H cth lch cm Steel Corporation provides w o rkm en 's compemtion and general lia b ility in surance to cover approved contractors on the project greatly enhances* cnlorccm ent of the sa fe ly program by licth lch e iu and com p liance w ith the pro gram by the contractors. ) 0 0 0 6 3 3 t m ' ' ............ Weekly safely meetings a Iu`1.1 I'V (lie craft union stew ard s, committees from tin s meet with plant protection im d sa dipt personnel o f the B u rn s lia r ! tuV^" '** llier assist in the com p liance ly a ll c n n lia e - tor$ toward the d e s ir e d g o a l of m axim u m $afc working conditions. IVdodietdly, the business agents fin tin* lulls make s a ld y lo in s ol the co u slim lion areas v\ i111 m em bers o f the con stru ctio n u iu l sdety departments pointing nut vario u s lim it motive im provem ents to fu rth e r im p ro ve the program. Considerable tim e is spent w orking w ith tlic A .F .L . cru ft union safety rep resentative to insure a m utual understanding th at, fo r a * safety program to he effective, reepures the cooperation o f both m anagem ent nod la b o r. Without the com plete sincere support o f the HltinnS tim :ll I saitiv lull i el .` n"il i'n*ll;' l) * * 1 Oil 41> I >l ) l t` O n ly infr- |n-->1} h ave a* 'Hons, olln 1 11 m lin n iiio in d - r . |. i<-.|tlii<d to hi up tint :ili ly |<ih in . . ih I -<1 into lin e, 'th e aid of (tie p u n lia-oii?'. d. i ,n m in t is enli-ti'd u h 11 (he m.**t v . i . . > teeth* in linns have I n i l l l i n r .iu ;>nd ( |.. procedure has been nne.t d ir t th e . O m program is not u ntil e nth 1 p in y i in the construction tiid u stiy, haxing (In . . m , w on denominator of planning, in o liv.iti.ni, com m unication, and follow through a re m pained w ith dedicated hard work on the p.ul o f each in d ivid u a l on the rite . W e ait> tupi ( im plem ent our piugum i w ith ( olhirna m and a directness o f purpose elim in ating lip r- 1 . ice'* am i the attitud e "w e w ill look at the problem la in " . OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Ily M IK O O T T O IIO M Senior Industrial H ygiene F.ng r., Durenu of Occupational H ealth. Califom in Slate Dept, of Public H ealth, Berkeley, C a lif. Occupational health in the construction industry is a subject that has not yet rcreived any re a l interest or attention 11 the l.'nitcd Slates. A rticle s appear from tim e to time in the A m erican lite ratu re on a sp ecific health hazard, such as lung can cer in asbes tos insulators, o r lead poisoning in p ain ters. Otli r than a few papers o riginatin g in C a li fornia, where a strut has been m ade on the beat, jt.se, and dust problem s o f h eavy rcpiipmcnt operators, alm ost nothing seems lo have been w ritte n on the present health g.itns of the in d iv id u a l crafts or 01 the o ver all liealth problem s or needs o f the iu d u stiy . This lack of interest and w ork is signifi cant. Eith er there a rc no problem s in the in dustry w orthy o f m ention, 01 there is an ap palling lack of some v ita l ingredient w h ic h h necessary for stim ulating the grow th o f a ustematic interest in the health of more than four m illion A u m tT an w orkers. First, let's define " occupational h e alth " . H e term has horn so loosely used over tiro last fe w ye .n s that n l. liig . nt d h e u '-i.iu <d the subject has been dilHcuU. Siane pc.^U interp ret it to mean everyth in g from <.,( finger to the social w ell htin g of (Im <1 d f. man's fam ily. For onr purposes h m . ho ' ever, occupational health means (h r p i . v . u lion o f woik-caosed disrate and d h a b ih r I control of (tier w ork environm ent, :m .0 . > w here both labni and iiiun.ic.rim ot i t. -. < d ear responsibility for obw n atio n , di-, o siou, and h a /a id c o n im i, 'th is (I' finilion ... (juires p aiticn l.il meaning when on. 1 J i . that the m ajority ot occupational di e as. .0 . not cu rab le ; llie y me only preventable F iv e com Insions have eim te.rd ( o n . . ... studies of occ upational be a tili pmh!< the construction im lu sh y \\'e fe d Mr c fun dam en tal, if pm giess is to fur mad.- 11. m e (he result of m a i l ) five yea is of <<h 1\ tious in C a lifo rn ia . 'I hev diam alic alb i . >. ,| the lack o f interest, the lack of puHM.im- .0 . I the lack of aetion that hr* t (}. indo In |< is ic cn g tn /rd Mint the in m ir ili.ilr d ' i o m . l . f ) ) ) 1907 National bajcty Congress v . "H :|70iisirin S ir/ip i im 's.siiiil safi'ty p io lilrm s in llio iiiiliis h y m ay, in |> :lil, lie irsp im sililn ini' siiluni'iivini m iy conceited inteicst in health problems. W h ile no attem pt is m ade here to d etract from the im portant responsibility for acci dent prevention in the industry, it is time that programs in work-induced disease pre vention begin In receive the ailen lim i they deserve. High accident frctpiencies cannot, hv any stretch of the im agination, justify a lack of interest in healthy w orking condi tions. O u r first co nclusion--there is a basic need to recog nize th at constructio n w o rkers are now suffering jo h -in d iiccd diseases and that new rliscases w ill emerge w ith advancing tccliu. h.gy. T o the casual observer or even a member of the in d u stry itse lf, it is reasonable to be lieve th a t occupationally-induced diseases In construction w ork are not a prbblem. T h e crafts have long histories of w orking out doors in the fresh air w ith ham m ers, shovels, and other tools w hich have in thy past trad i tionally presented safety problem s, but not health problems. li A look at the Fe d e ral or State) health sta tistics appear to support this cpnccp l: not because there is a la c k of probldm s, b u t be cause neither the Federal government nor the states--w ith the possible exception o f C a lifo rn ia --keep any statistics on the su b je c t. W h e n no disease is reported, it is natu ra l to conclude that none exists. H ow ever, what appears as no problem is, i:i reality, no inform ation on the problem. Exp erience in C alifo rnia supports this con clusion. In recent years, physician's reports of occupational diseases among construction w orkers have been coming into the State H ealth Departm ent at approximately tw ice the average rate for all California workers. Since 1949, w hen recording began in C a li fornia, tills rate lias been continuously among the th icc highest of all the major in dustries. T h e diseases involve the skin, the lu n g s, system ic poisonings, hearing loss--es sen tially the w hole range of illnesses nor m ally believed tn lie iu the evelnsiee pm v- ince o f factory ivoikeis. F it M investigations suggest that more is to come. F o r exam ple, an estimate based on hearing tests conducted at construction sites b y fully-qualified audiologists indicates that some 20,000 heavy equipment operators now w o rk in g in the state h ave perm anent noise- in d iic c d hearing loss. T h e trend toward h u g er, faster, am i more p o w e rfu l equipment, i designed w ith o u t ro iiN id eiatm ii tor the Ions' le i 111 h ealth o f the operator, is expected to ' in te n sify th is h earin g loss problem . I t also it expected to in tio d u cc silico sis for the first tim e as a d isease o f the operators o f dozen; pow er shovels, and front-cud loaders. T h e eq uipm en t operator is not alone fa \ facin g these h ealth lia z a id s . T h e recent re p lacem ent o f the plasterer's conventional tro w el w ith a sp ray nozzle has Introduced serious h earin g loss problem s in sofar as the p laster g uns th at w c h a ve m easured are con cern ed . F u i l i a r , the gun ap p licatio n o f nv bestos-coiitainiug fireproof coatings continue) w ith o u t control m id w ith ou t concern. Yd, data m in im ; hi regularly from studies-? m en w o rk in g nm im d aslieslns dust leatt v e ry little d oubt that the eim operator and nllter c r a f t s m e n in the grog are being Suk jeeted to th e risk o f asbestosis and lung can \ per- _______" . T h e re a rc m an y m ore exam ples. Plastic ad hesive and su rfacin g m aterials h ave made lif e an it c h y n ig h tm are fo r tho tile setter aid the cem en t m ason. I t is im p ortan t to realin th at m uch o f th is sk in disease is accoinprtiled b y a p i-iiiu m eiit a lle rg y In (lie epmj resin h a rd e n e r used in th e process. 11 slightest further exposure to the harden brings on a repeat case o f the itch and tlx m an is p erm an en tly disab led fo r an y furtlm w ork w ith the plastic. Ano ther exam ple involves today's weld. T h e re w a s a tim e w h en v e ry little except or d in a ry steel w a s found on a construction job A n unprotected w e ld e r co u ld w o rk w ith very little hazard from fum es. A llo ys arc changinl th is. F o r in stan ce, in h alatio n o f the funm from m anganese steel w ill produce an illnoi w h ic h clo sely resem bles P arkin so n 's disease. C o n sid er also th at n ic k e l, cad m iu m , vans- iliu m , and some other m etals are to xic by in h a la tio n . It is dear that the p ick and shovel air gone, and along w ith them w e n t the fresh a ir an d the iro n m an. T h e construction in iliis try lia s entered the era of m achines and i-iicioii-.ilx, and it xliim ld recognize ib is. A second c n iic lu x in ii--it m ust bo iccog nized th at the m ethods w h ic h h ave been de vclo p cd fo r tiro protection o f the factory w o rk e r m ay not be feasib le on n construction job. M ost o f the occupational h ealth literature and p ra c tic a lly a ll o f the preven tive methodi in use w ere developed w ith the factory worker in m in d . T h e facto ries ciitieal In d u strial h ealth pro] 19lh an il e a rly 2 0 tli ce n tim e where the in terest, th e reser mnney has been in ve ste d . T h e em phasis today, althoug h c o m p a ra tiv e ly sm a ll, is s till on the facto ry . A s a re su lt, th e stan dard con trol methods a va ila b le in a ll th e textbooks, ventilation, isolation, enclosure, substitution, mill personal p ro tectio n , a rc o rg an ized to niuku p ractica l and eco n o m ical sense in n lactory setting. The factory hand works for the most part in a fixed lo catio n. E xp o su ro is rc p c tltlv o and predictable o ver a long period o f tim e. U t ili ties are avn ila h lc an d co n tro l m ethods can he designed, tested, an d fin a lly b u ilt-in as p a rt of die com p any's lo ng -term c a p ita l in vest ment. I t is not u n u su a l to see a $2 0 ,0 0 0 ven tilation system b u ilt in to a p la n t to p ro tect 10 or 15 w eld ers. B ut look a t the w eld ers on the co n stru c tion job. I n a life tim e , e a ch w il l h a v e done about ns m uch w o rk an d g enerated as m any fumes ns a facto ry w e ld e r. H o w e v e r, the control system h e re is non-existent, because the control m ethods in the textbooks do not mnko p ractica l or econom ic sense on a con struction Job. Factory spray painting is done in a venti lated booth, acco rd in g to the books. S in c e a booth w o u ld cost too m u c h o n a con stru ctio n job, w c scratch o u r heads nnd sp ray p aint anyway. Dust, noise, heat, nnd alm ost any health problem is con trolled li y cookbook m ethods In the facto ry. T h e cook book doesn' t w o rk fo r construction, so w c liv e w ith the problem s and hope th e y w ill go a w a y . It Is now c ritic a lly necessary th at w e ac cept tho fa c t th at a co n stru ctio n jo b is not the same as a facto ry jo b , a n d th nt tho fa c tory hazard-control cookbook--althoug h free --is not ap plicab le. A third co n clu sio n --'wc m ust begin to d e velop our ow n o ccu p atio n al h e alth stand ards. The golden era of occupational health in the United Stales ended In the inld-1950'.s. Hie movement w h ic h begun In (1io HK)0*.i and provided w id e k n o w led g e o f Ind ustrial diseases and excellent textbooks is slow ly dying. T h e Fe d e ra l program is sm all nnd without legal au th o rity. State program s not only have been d eclin in g in n in n p o w er, lu it show little interest in (lie con stru ctio n in d us try. T h e trad itional standard-setting agency JlQAjii the country, 11< i f A ( ilA'CriHftf lat.ai l| tSjt o f e -'te `dependent upon its -paying incmtftT? * for support, its $13,000 yearly total budget w ill not cover more than n fraction o f the country's prob lem s, nnd that fraction w ill be factory or itn le d . O n this basis, it is u n lik e ly th at the w id . I)' sn hsu li/cd w ork that w ent into h d p n r ' th< in d ustrialist to und erstan d Ills problem s and to custom-tailor his environm ental couliol w ill be available to the construction in d us try . T h e (nets a rc that the resp o n sib ility fm providing a reasonably healthy place to w ork lies directly w ith construction labor, and construction m anagement. T h e need Tor en viro n m en tal standards is grow ing w ith each d a y . Noise offers a fine exam ple: H eavy equipm ent, trucks, com pres sors, chain saw s, jackham m ers, nnd n wide varicty of power hand tools are producilo' hearing loss thnt Is reaching scandalous pmportions. There arc choices. T h e ind ividual contractor can hire an nccoustlcs expect and m odify these tools at h is ow n expense. another choice, he can attem pt to stu ff <;< plugs in bis men, a method that w ill he c l no practical value mi a construction job, and one that w ill probably reduce productb ity. A popular alternative is to do nothing and le t the insurance com panies w o rry about it T h e sensible solution is to co llccli\cl> w rite a set of perform ance standards for power equipment. Th ese cun be w ritten right now , from know ledge nt hand, and would specify m axim um allow able noise in tensities nt an appropriate given distam i from the equipment. T h e tool m anufacturerx m ay have difficulties at first. Dut their en g i neering nnd research departm ents are avail able and in the best position to control heming loss at the low est possible cost. Adequate labelling also must lie cm ind crcd. V c iy few of the m aini.N capable o( causing eye, sk in , or lung problem s sueh as plastics, paints, w elding rods, fluxes, sol vents, lu b iie a n ls, et\, h ave oveful w arnio*' labels when they ic .it li Ilt<: in n sh n ctlo u >!( 'Ib is lias two negative effects, in addition I*, the potential for injury. F irst, even the inlci csted men cannot find out bow to protect themselves. A m i second, if the m ate rn i dm cause a problem , the m en have no c h a r in formation that m ight lc useful in selectin'.; i less harm ful product ioi the next job. ) ) J 11)67 Native jh j Congress t ins is p a ilic u h u ly lra n ia li/ix l by th r cxl i icnec o f llic cem ent m asons, w h ere labels ore often so vag u e as to m ake it im possible fur them to determ ine w hether (he sm faeiu); m aterial th e y are expected to a p p ly on a p articular job is a derm atitis-causing epoxy, a bronchospasm-catisitig urethane, or a rela tively sah' polyester. T h e noise an d la b e l problem s uro straig ht forward. T h e y follow the textbook closely. Others m ay not be so sim ple because of the mobile nature of construction w o rk. Solu tions to these w ill require im agination and money. Ideas from the space program are sure to be u sefu l an d w e expect to see ex ploitation of the controlled ind ividual en vi ronment in the form o f air-supplied suits for plasterers, cem ent masons, and w elders; and air-conditioned, noisc-and dust-tight capsules for he. vy equipm ent operators. Standards, once set, can m ake these easily accessible at mass-produced costs. T h e logical approach is to accept the re sponsibility and begin to develop some standards that can be put into contracts and equipm ent purchase orders; otherwise tire industry faces attrition of skilled m anpower, higher com pensation costs, h aza rd p a y, nttd if the problem gets bad enough, ijm inevita ble application o f the ill-fitting' industrial cookbook to these construction jobs. A fourth conclusion-reco rds and statistics mrtsl ire kept. t repeat, h e alth inliii iii.rtiiiir rut w orking men is scarce, 't ills is p a rtic u la rly so in lire construction industry because even the infor m ation that is obvious in a factory is clouded b y the nature o f construction w ork. A factory is a relatively permanent envi ronment. Jobs acquire reputations: they sm e ll; old -timers get lu n g disease; th is or that chem ical w ill ipakc you sick if you in h a le it. T h is is epidem iology in its most p rim itive form , done w ithout the help of tire professionals or the government. Neverthe less, it is very effective in discovering dis eases and developing control methods. Contrast this w ith a construction job. Th e office is often a house traile r and a single cra ft is not lik e ly to be on a given job for m ore than a y e a r. W h o now is going to do the pidem iology? W ork-induced health d .im ai. .m itered by a craft d uring tin- onmso of a single project v e ry e asily passes without notice. It is not u n til a series of sucli projects --and years--h ave passed that d isab ility is m arked enough to p reven t fu rth er employ- I in cu t. A t th is p o in t, e au sc-cllu ct relationships ( are obscure. No sing le event can be held re- f .sponsible, and the w in k force has a few leaf T craftsm en . I f by som e ch an ce the illness is rccogni/.ed as w o rk -in d u ce d , the last em p lo yer m ay be h eld resp o n sib le fo r the entire cost of com pensation. T h is is no solution. lo ir exam p le, earth m over operators have long suspected th a t som ehow spinal prob lem s are connected w ith llie ir jobs. T h is may V or m ay not be so; there a rc no statistics. It Is - ' h a rd ly possible that a ll eq uip m en t operaton a rc born w itii had h acks. I t is most likely, h ow ever, that the v ib ra tio n nnd bouncing on some types o f scats on som e types of equip m ent a rc cau sin g sp in a l d am age. Unless it is kno w n , first, w h e th e r o r not operators are ; tru ly suffering sp in a l problem s and second, e x a ctly w h ic h m ach in es nnd w h at conditions ;., are responsible fo r the problem s, prevention . ! of "back trouble" w ill bo im possible. f W illi com puters n ow a v a ila b le , it Is fcasi-' ! b lc to record the p ertin en t details of eveiy job, e v e ry illn ess, and e v e ry death for eveiy ; m an w o rk in g in the constructio n industry. T h is sho u ld h e d o n e b y every craft union, w illi th e cost sh a re d b y Ihc employer. Boa* y tin e co m p u te r o u tp u t w ill then tell us ` w h e th e r p ain te rs d ie yo ung , o r equipment o perators g et silicosis, o r plasterers get ein* j physem a, a n d w h e th e r th e lu n g cancer that ; has b een found in asb esto s insulators is bring controlled or not controlled. ' A lillli conclusion -unifniin, vhsoiiiiIjU regulation must be insisted on. C o m petition is v e ry re a l in construction. In fa c t, it appears to be so Fierce that It often fr is cited as the ju stificatio n fo r poor health e. mid bud safety p ractice s. T o r Instance, the f question as to w h y w a te r is not being used |> to control dust on a g ive n h a u l road very I- often w ill b rin g the re p ly th at this is highly ft com m endable; h o w e ve r, " it w as not Included } in the job estim ate because the competilioa i n ever in clud es such tilin g s, and in order ti ; b id tire job su cce ssfu lly it w as necessary to ^ dispense w ith tire w a te r wagons'*. I bis 1$ a standard a n sw e r fo r many prob lem s. Its effect is to p en alize the legitimate contractors and to m ake the natural growth 5. o f h ealth y w o rk in g con ditio ns next to impo* J sib lc. T h is fa n a tic interest in cost-ieduetfoa S ' seems to bo erod ing tbo few existing health * standards accepted by llio industry. r F o r exam ple, everyo ne knows that a saod- J b laster should w ear an airsupplied helmrt. I ' 24 ) Co. .*ui i>V. ti. * This has been accepted w ithout question for decades. Y e t during the la st y e a r the w rite r has scon five construction Jobs w h e re san d blasters wero w orkin g . T in y a ll relig io u sly note the proper h elm ets--b u t not one had an air-supply hose connected to th e helm ed Apparently the a ir su p p ly Isn 't b e in g figured into tlio bids Anym ore, eve n though it is s till In tlio law . Diesel engines in underground construc tion are an oxum pla o f lo ng -term , le g al ero sion. Diesels w ere allo w e d u nd ergroun d o n ly after long stu d y an d , fin a lly , th e setting of rigorous standards by (h e B u re a u o f M in e s. These included sp e c ia lly designed engines, matching exhaust scru b b e rs, an d v e n tilatio n fates based on num bers w h ic h accom p anied the vehicle from th e m an u factu re r. C o m p e te t've progress o ve r the Inst 20 ye ars h as led to the erosion o f standards an d the acceptance of any diesel ve h icle w ith a hom e-m ade snubber, and ventilation rates based on air sampling m ethods th at h a ve not been proved reliable. T h e engineered an d tested stnndttds and safety factors p re p are d b y the B u icau of M ines are being forg otten. A lth o u g h t few contractors stilt use B u re a u o f M ines equipment, continuous pressure from the in dustry hail eroded th e m in im u m stan d ard . One thing is c e rta in ; eroded stan d a rd s, no m atter lim v legal, neither increase p io lils i* ,i m ake diesel exhaust he lle r to sm ell not s .ilc r to inhale. T he co inp etilivr inducem ent to s e e money by shaving health and saicty eo.ls need not continue. Good ap plicab le stand ard s, as they arc developed und er oor I hi* *I conclusion noted iiI h ivc, can !>c m atin n p.nt of a ll construction contracts and nil labor management contrai ls in this way, health) w orking conditions w ill lie o fficially ic c i.i; ni/.ed as n legitim ate cost of doing businc-s, and the toll w ill he paid in dollars by tbe buyer of services rather than in tire health and longevity o f tlio craftsm en w ho p io vid c them . T h e construction industry has a host of -bidden and pressing occupational health problem s, w ith more to com e. F o r the slant term fu tu re , governm ent rescue does not seem possible and a serious an il planned e f fort by management and labor is badly needed. T h o construction industry has enjoyed and become addicted to the privileges o f hard w ork and fresh air. Change is alw ays dillicu lt. Dut one w ay or another, lik e ft or m il, tho technology that we a rc using to ch.'iiigi; tho face of the earth w ill. In the long m u, change us also. 1 \ l ) OFf CERS OF THE ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chairm an-B . D. T u r n e y , C o rp . Safety D ir., Texas Instrum ents In c ., D allas, Tei; 71 Oj}-the-Job C om m ittee--Lawrence Zepernick ( C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty M g r , F a ir c h ild C.uiut.i A In stru m e n t C o r p , Syossct, L . I , N . Y . ; M urdoch C . Pryor (V ic e - C h a ir m a n ), S o le ly M g r, A U en B ra d le y C o , M ilw a u k e e W is .; C . E . Hayden, M g r , S a f. & S e c u rity , P inko Corporation, P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .; C . L ang, S u p v r. of S a f , W estinghouse E le c . C o r p , R elay Instrum ent D i v , N ew ark, N . J .; Herbert J . Peace, Safety Eng ineer, C cneral Dynam ics, Electronic D i v , Rochester, N . Y . M ! Long Range Planning Com m ittee--R . E . W hiteside (C h a irm a n ), M anager, S afe ty & Health *' | Services, E m p lo y e rs In su ran ce o f W a u sa u , R iv e r F o re st, 111.; F . C . PEnECO Y, S a fe ty E n y ij necr, Stanford Lin e a r Accelerator Center, Stanford U niversity, Stanford, C a lif.; J. A. Waldron. S a f. S u p v r , P a c k a rd E le c . D i v , C e n c ra l M otors C o ip , W a rre n O h io . Vice Chairman and Secretary--Alan Reed, M ana ger, P ro d uct E n g in e e rin g , D a n ie l Wood-;, tkf.Cameron A w ard Coordlnators-G Eonce M acD onald, V ice-P residen t. S e lf-In s u re rs S e rv ice , head C o ., N orthbrook, 111. M embership C o m m ittee-B . T . I>tNC (C h a ir m a n ) , S afe ty E n g in e e r, C h a rle s B run in g Cftjs' D iv . o f A dd resso graph-M ultigraph C o rp ., M t. Prosp ect, 111.; W illiam R . Billett (V ic o * C h a irm a n ), Safety D ir., Frig id a ire D iv ., G eneral Motors C o rp ., D ayton, Ohio. i Program Comm ittee--A. F. C iciiy ( C h a in n a n ) , L o ss Preventio n M g r., C c n e ra l Telephone E le c tro n ic s C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N . Y . ; VV. G . Moorhead (V ic e C h a irm a n ), A d m ., Saf. 4^' H e alth D e p t., A M P , H a rrisb u rg , P a .; C . W m . W alters, M anager, L o s s Preven tio n, Auto-*' p iatic E le c tr ic C o ., N o rth lake , 111. ' A'cie.di tier C om m ittee N . R ic hm o nd (C h a ir m a n ), A d m inistrato r, S a fe ly A R i'lied ts, RCA'' S e rvice C o ., 1)M LAVS P ro je ct, C iiiim iiiin s o n , N . J . ; G eouge H ughes (V ice-C h airm an ), ; Superv isor of Safety k A c e . P re ve n tio n , W estinghouse E le c t r ic C o rp ., B u ffa lo , N . T- &'.{ In c , C h icag o , H I.; R . E . W h it e s id e , M anager, S afe ty & H ealth Services, E m p lo y e e ln - rurance o f W a u sa u , R iv e r F o re st, 111. v * Representative--J o s e p h H . Vansickle, In d u s tria l D e p t.# N atio n al S a fe ty C o u n c il, *125 N . M ich ig an A v e , C h icag o , 111. 60B11. Past General C /u iirm e n -1 9 4 7 -4 9 , E . K . T aylor; *1 9 49 -50, I I . D . D u if u s ; 1950-51, M . F . jjji Buncardi; 1051-52, C . N . F o c e ; 1952-53, J . M . T hansue; 1953 54, M . L . M ii.l i.ii; 1954-55, J . A . E dmonds; 1955-50, J . J . L awler; 1950-57, C . F . Sculueteh; *1957-58, <' i E . E . CEniiAnT; 1958-59, C . W . Koch; 1959-60, W . F . McCiiesney; *1 9 6 0 -0 1 , E . J. I Turton; 1001-02, C . MacDonald; 1002-03, C . R . S m i t h ; 1903-01, F . C . F n u . i . . . j 1061-05, I I . A . Perkin; 1005-66, J. A . W aluuon; lutiti 07, It. K. W i i i i i ::.h .i :. I Deceased. Research a n d Engineering C om m ittee--T h o m a s McBiiien (C h a ir m a n ), Su p erviso r, SafetyV S e rvice s, W estinghouse E le c tr ic C o rp ., B a ltim o re , M d .; Ic o n L imansky (V ic e -C h a irm a n ),}; F e llo w E n g in e e r, W csling hou so E le c t r ic C o rp ., Aero-Space D iv ., B altim o re , M d .; Ja<* C onway, S afe ty D ire cto r, S y lv a n ia E le c t r ic C o rp ., E le c tro n ic T u b e D iv ., E m p o riu m , Pa.; Hai: i y IIorK iN S, Safety D ire c to r, R a n la n d C o rp ., C h icag o , I I I .; E . S . Kopes, B e ll Tele- phone Lab., Lau re ld a lo , l 'a .; L. E . L a ie iir , M anaging D ire cto r, In tern atio n a l Assoc, o f: i f :'( E le c tric a l Inspectors, C h ic a g o , I I I .; G eouge M ac D onald, V ice -P re sid e n t, Self-Insuren, , S e rv ic e , In c ., C h icag o , 111.; C harles H . M illed, S a fe ty E n g in e e r, R C A C o rp ., Lancaster,;?. P a .; F riend Miller, Safety Su p erviso r, W estinghouse E le c tric C o rp ., E lectro n ic D iv, a fit E lm ira , N . Y .; J . L . M onnow , Safety Eng in eer, Collins Radio C o , N ew port Beach, Calif.;.' Robert Myles, Safety D ire c to r, C o lo r T u b e D i v , M otorola, I n c , F r a n k lin P ark , III.;.;; C eouce I I . Pope, M anaging E n g in e e r, C a su a lty & C h e m ical H azard s D e p t , Under- .' w rite rs' Lab oratories, N orthbrook. I I I .: L . F . ( C u s ) Swineiieart, P ro ject Engineer, D a n ie l W oodhead C o , N orthb rook, 111.; T ed W odiiol, S afe ty D ire c to r, N ational Video C o r p , C h icago, 111. V; % l Education and ''raining C om m ittee--A. J . C laused (C h a irm a n ), M anager, Health and,; S afe ty , G en eral E le c tr ic C o , R o m e, G a .; J . W . L oopeu (V ic e - C h a irm a n ), Safety Dir.,;^ i i f ' . N atio nal C a sh Register C o , D a y to n , O h io ; R ussell Johnson, S a fe ty D i r , Ceorge D ,V [f( . i R oper C o r p , K a n k ak ee, 111.; J . A . E dmonds, P resident, D a n ie l W oodhead C o , North-jtj brook, t i l ; Bought D . M a iio n , S a fe ty D ire c to r, C o llin s R adio C o , C e d a r R apids, Iowa; ^ Ho w .uid P . MicitENEir, M anager of the E n g in e e rin g & Safety Regulations D e p t , National:E le c t r ic M fg rs. A s s n , N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; L eo A . M llleii, C h ie f Safety E n g in e e r, Strom- ; 000638 berg C a rlso n , Rochester, N . Y .; E . C . V an C ata, C o rp . S a fe ty D i r , S k il C o r p , Chicago, j', I I I , B . L . W eber, A sst, to In su ran ce M g r , S C M C o r p , N e w Y o rk , N . Y . ) ) 1967 National Safety Congress b e bro u g h t into tho p ictu re here. I t looks like the D epartm ent Superintendent, or Production M anager, o r m aybe even the Factory M anager, has not spelled out in clear and concise term s just w hat tho F o rem an 's safety responsibility really is. You will recall th a t w h en John finally de cided to shut th e m achine down he stated, "111 p ro b a b ly g et fired fo r this." F tfi: QUESTION: W h a t a b o u t F o rem an John'i language? Is it just "shop talk?" fO FFICERS O F T H E ANSWER: I t m a y b e , b u t it su re c o u ld con vey th e w ro n g im pression to an y o n e woricing fo r h im . I think h e w ould command I ' l l ' m u ch m o re re sp e c t as a le a d e r if h e talked iat:.of a n d th o u g h t o f h is fellow w ork ers will >w"". !f'i; >more respect. fc o '.v .- GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION - National Safety Council 1967-68 , General C h airm an --Jo h n J . L ong, P P G In d u strie s , C um b erlan d , M d. first Vice-Chairman-- o h n W . Blo o m , O w ens-Illinois, In c., F airm ont, W . Va :>{ ' `i Second Vice-Chairman--A n d r e w O resick, P pd Industries, F o rd C ity, P a. $ K ;l! y i ^ | j Secretory--H . C l a m Underwood, P P G In d u stries, P ittsb u rg h , Pa. ooo3n k>v fyNeuisletter E d ito r--Richard Reilly, P P G In d u strie s, F o rd C ity, Pa. : r f ""V* '. 3 ; r'.Vi* IT ; * 'trogram Committee--E. h f. T hom pson (C h a irm a n ), F o rd M otor C o., N ashville G lass P lant, - Nashville, Tenn. *C . D oan Noce, P P C In d u stries, C rystal City, M o.; Andrew J. Pavlik, u Hunt Foods and Industries, Inc., Perrysburg, Ohio. rHealth 1 ! C om m ittee--Jorge J H ernandez-Osuna (C h a irm a n ), Accin Social R egiom ontana, M onterrey, N . L . M exico; * W . G . H azard, O w ens-Illinois, In c ., T o le d o , O hio; R alph j j f Kino, F o rd M otor C o., 'N ash v ille G lass P la n t, N ashville, T en n .; J. T . D estefano, PPG TO Industries, P itts b u rg h , At ri ., glncering Committee--'"J ohn V. Seendall , (C h a irm a n ), H arblson-W alker R efractories I " Co., P ittsb u rg h , P a. * Frank M anning, F o rd M o to r C o., C lass D iv., D e a rb o rn , M ich.; Alan Bober, .PPG In d u stries, C la rk sb u rg , W . Va. & *' 1 flmbenhlp Commlttee-DAyz C harlesworth (C h a irm a n ), Ball B rothers C om pany Incor- S.porated, M undelein, Ill.;\ ` John Rheinheimer, H unt Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; " Richard H ucke, O w ens-IU inoit, In c ., V in elan d , N . J. ? \ I-the-Jab Committee--Charles B. R eagan (C h a irm a n ), Ball Brotliers C o., In c ., Muncic, ;Ind.; D onald D . H obbs A n c h o r H o c k in g Clnss C orp., L ancaster, O hio i. ' ui' ` I (Training Committee--A. D . D avis (C h a ir m a n ) , P P G Industries, C reighton, Pa.; C h a r l e s lj,R . Haines, PPG Industries, M t. V ernon, O hio; R. E . Sourwine, PPG Industries, Pittsgtj' burgh. Pa. f ; ^ J g m ltv Promotion Committee--G eohge W . T etkerly (C h a irm a n ), F o ster-F o rb es C lass Ob., lu d .; C . S. Kraft, P P G In d u stries, H en iy etta, Okla. fHmarch Committee--J a m es D . S h a n n o n (C h a irm a n ), Ford M otor Co., G lass D iv., D earborn. SJ Mich., F rancis E. L a C ikateule, O w ens-Illinois, Inc., Unpcvlllu, C n. uociations Committee--Roreht A. S m it h (C h a irm a n ), Owens-Illinois, Inc., T oledo, Ohio; tir u r r>i it * i Nominations C om m ittee--` F rank M a n n i n g (Chairman), F o rd M otor C o., C lass Dlv^;A; D earb o rn , M ich.; J oh n W . Bloom ( 1 s t Vico C h a irm a n ), O w ens-Illinois, In c ., Fairm ont,'W. Vi OFFICERS OF THE V a.; *C. D oan N ock, P l'C In d u strie s , C rystal C ity, M o.; Jo hn J. L ono, P P C In d u s trie s ,^ Cumberland, Md. RUBBER AND PLASTICS SECTION "1lowers and Puggers" Committee--( P a st G eneral C h a irm e n )--F red C . Anderson, C o m in g N . V.; H . V. C ardner, O w en s-Illin o is, In c ., T oledo, O hio; J o hn P . St e ph en so n , B all Bros,] C o., In c ., M uncie, In d .; Ja m es L . M o n n ts, T h e F e d e ral G lass C o., C o lu m b u s, Ohio; J. C . DiTTMEn, C ra n fo rd , N . J.; T . R . D onociiue (d e c e a s e d ), P P C In d u strie s; W . C/] National Safety Council 1967-68 H azard, O w ens-Illinois, In c ., T o le d o , O hio; H arry A. J ackson, F rlg ld a lre D ivision Pleat # 3 , General M otors C orp., D ayton, O hio; J. H . G atrell, A m erican S ain t G obain Corp^j '^General Chairman--L . W . Boulton, S afety a n d P la n t P ro tectio n Supvr., Polym er Co K ingsport, T en .; J o h n B . F u ix e n , K o p p Glass, In c ., Sw issvale, P a.; Russell W . F rahi,1)i v Samla, O nt., Canada. F e rro C orporation. C lev e lan d , O h io ; C lyde C . Ruddick, B ethel P ark , P a .; J o h n V. Som -Jb all, Harbison-W allcer R efractories C o., Pittsburgh, Po.; E dwtn L . W ray, Ball B iw .^ CFirst Vice Chairman--E. E . Goldsw^ r jh , S afety D ir., C ates R u b b e r Co., D enver, C C o., Inc., M uncic, In d .; CLtNTON Ba llin ceb, O w ens-Illinois, In c ., C os C ity , In d .; JosErn^jl E . M oiuuson, H o u sto n C h e m ic al C orp., B eaum ont, T exas; Jo u n Rjie in h e im e r , Hunt Si Second Vice Chairman--]. R. W eth er h o lt, S a fe ty A Secu rity S u p t., U niroyal, Inc., Jobci. Foods, Inc., F ullerton, C alif.; R odeht W . M oulton, Ball B rothers Co., In c ., M uncie, Ind.ji C . D oan N oce, P P G In d u strie s , C ry sta l C ity, M o.; F rank M anninc, F o rd M otor Co., (i Secretary--G . W .j N ickel, M gr. of S afety , A rm stro n g C ork Co., L ancaster, Pa. Class Div., D earborn, Midh. ,. : i ^Newsletter Editor--R . G . F o r e jt , M gr., In d u stria l R elations, G eneral T ire and R ubber , ) Staff Representative--G ranTi Sh ir ley , N ational Safety C ouncil, 425 N . M ichigan- AvalJ? - 1Pennsylvania Division, Je a n n ette , P a. Chicago, III. 00011 \ . . jS. m i I Past General Chairm en ' .............. Engineering C om m ittee--T . E . L e a h ( C h a ir m a n ) , S afety D ir., U niroyal, Inc., D etro it. M v it 1 . ____ a . . . a . . r * _ __ t ! _ t _____ .*1 k i __ V a .1. xr v . i i* t i . -- . M r . C . H avener, 'C orporate Safety E ngr., U niroyal, In c., N ew York, N. Y.; J. II. I I a Safety D ir., O hio R ubber Co., W illoughby, O hio; J. E. H arvey, Safety E ngr., M : -:J 1 field T ire it R ubber C o., M ansfield, O hio. I# I ^Health C om m ttfeei-W . E . M cC ormick (C h a irm a n ), M gr., In d u strial H ygiene It Toxic., W- i T he B. F . G oodrich C o., Akron, O hio; H . M . M c I nerney, S afety E ngr., Goodyear .... ,'l and R ubber Co.) Akron, Ohio; G eorge W ilson, Industrial Hygcnlst, Firestone T in . : p / i j R ubber C o., A kron, O hio; *S. A. W right, G en eral S u p v r., S afety & H ousekeeping I . . i p - I Inland M anufacturing D iv., G eneral M otors C orp., D ayton, O hio. 'ix* * " {..U fem berjhip Committee--John G len n , Jn. ( C h a irm a n ), P ro d u ctio n M gr., E lectric M f t A R u b b e r C o., W ilm ington, D el.; W . V. IK elly , P ersonnel M gr., Stnkcs M olded I'm , ; `` m T renton, N . J.; *N. R. H unter, Safety E n g r., D u n lo p T ire It R ubber C orp., IS. A lltff' 000640 Education and Training Committee-R. N . Johnson (C h a irm a n ), M gr., Safety & Sc. I The Armstrong R u b b er Co., W est H a v en , C onn.; L . H artm an, D ir., T raining and i. ,, . ?y Firestone T ire a n d R u b b er C o., P o tts to w n , P a .; K. W . G etty , Asst. Personnel $ 4 ;, Carlisle T ir e a n d R u b b e r D iv., C arlisle C o rp ., C arlisle, P a .; J . E . Ecutn . Jn ., Pin j m :. D ir., C oodall R u b b er Co., Boston, Mass. m pPjobHclty, Trade Association, and Liaison Committee--D avid J. M ariani (C hairm an ), Engr., T h e G oodyear Tiro It R ubber Co., P la n t 5, A kron, Ohio. I Code end Standards Committee--*M. R. Batche (C h a irm a n ), M gr., Safety. Fiiestm and R ubber Co., Akron, Ohio. W \ . . ,t.. v r* C'ramw / r i i i i r m i i n ) M itt.. S a fe ty . IJn iro y a l. In c ., M U liaw h l Reclaim Manufacturing Committee--*R. M. Boyles (C h a irm a n ), D ir., Industrial RelafloB^ M idw est R ubber Reclaim ing Co., E ast St. L ouis, III. ' ` ' ^ Rubber Laboratories. Committee--M. V , Barba (C h a irm a n ), F ire & Safety E ngr., B. F.' G oo d rich F o o tw ear C o., D lv. of T h e B. F . G o o d rich C o., W aterto w n , Moss.; G. W ath* Bonsell, S upvr., S afety & S ecu rity , L a n c a ste r F lo o r P la n t, A rm stro n g C ork Co., Lin*1 caster. Pa. .r - :'V V . ` Fire Safety Committee--W . L . C ato (C h a irm a n ), M gr., S afety , B. F . G oodrich Co., Akron? O hio; O. W . W iu t e , P ersonnel M gr., C o rd u ro y R u b b e r C o., G ra n d R apids, M idi.; D. Ki DANLEsnEiTEn. P ersopnel Asst. & D ir., S afety, H e w itt R u b b e r D ivision, Hewltt-Robblos,' Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. | ,>;((,.!' 'J Off-the-Job Safety Corr^nittee--O. E . D udhow (C h a irm a n ), C o rp o rate M g r.;'H e a lth : Loss P rev en tio n Section, U niroyal, In c ., N e w Y ork, N . Y.; C o o u s O'N eal, Sec'y, S.P. A ccident P revention C om m ittee, T h e S ociety o f T h e P la stic s'In d u s try ,. Ino.,- New. Yoi N . Y. il S y n thetic Manufacturinntq Committee--]. B. C k en o w et ii (C h a irm a n ), Safety E ngr., . rich-G ulf C hem icals,, Inc., Institu te., W. . .Ya. ........................ .. 1 Long Range Planning Committee--*R. W . F ickes (C h a irm a n ), Safety E n g r., Coodyesnjfj T ir e & R u b b er Co.,- A kron, O hio; TC.. E . Beck, S a fe ty D ir., S t .'C la i r R u b b er C o .,.M aiy sf$ . ville, M ich.; * C . H . Butulhaiu>t, D ir., S afety , C e n e ra i T ire a n d R u b b e r C o., Akron,lOhbgT *S. T . Bunnows, Safety D ir., Mansfield T ire a n d R ubber C o., Mnhsfleld, Ohio; *F ium i C j Staduuid, Safety Dir.j Firestone T ire an d R ubber; C o., D ecatur,.III. . - ` - ^ Past General C hairm an.. r .................. ' V ' * .'* ,v i 1 '. . i ..1 i : .*: : AiiuiiRi r 1 . ro'tlii/1TM --- \ w -.' w r .c ( 'ufc. 'i'V-'-' f . m :- ..ft fScftrv. .i . i : " i*,' ` ! .... ' : f m r .......... .. i.-.it. stilai!  967 National Safety Congress E le c tric w e find the following three steps particularly fru itfu l: 1. A cq u ain t p riv a te p h ysician s w ith n a tu re of w ork, requirements of Benefit Plan, and function o f com pany m edical staff. T h is has been accomplished by various means, rang ing from sim ple phone calls to plant visits to open houses for rtm um m ily doctors. \Vo find it d irect correlation between the am ount o f fam iliarity a patient's doctor has w ith the company and the length o f illness absences. 2. V isitatio n o f sick em ployees to discuss convalescent progress. T h is visitation m ay be done b y supervision or nurses. In the past we have utilized visiting nurses, but we are having our nurses prim arily visit by tele phone now. It is still company policy to have supervision v isit the employee to snow con tinued interest in the employee w h ile he is disabled. 1 3. Once a patient is am bulatory, he is asked to visit the com pany dispensary. T h e a b ility of the em ployee to retu rn to,|his reg u lar Job or to "lig h t duty" can then be d is cussed between company and private physi cians. Obviously, this kind of close atten tio n In employee's health, and to th e wurk and home environm ents that contribute to it, can best b e accomplished by an on-premise m ed ical force. A com pany as large as W estern Electric finds the effort not only a hum ani tarian necessity, but one which pays off in on-the-job performance. T h e scale o f W estern 's com m itm ent to employee health can be seen in these figures 'K.;. --3 7 fu ll-tim e an d 9 9 part-tim e p h ysician s; health and safety programs at 57 company locations; programs ranging from biome chanics to computerized epidemiological stu d ies, an d fun dam en tal research in such varied fields as heart disease and laser haz ards. I appreciate that sm aller companies can not sp read these costs across it largo omployee body. M any companies hnvo found that p riva te clinics can take on this vital' m cdical-m nnagcm cnt partnership. O thers de pend on Insu ran ce benefit p lan s--a su re way to prolong absences. M any reports have indi-, rated there is a tendency for length o f ab sences to increase as benefits increase. S o u n d m anagem ent plan Is essential to con trol absenteeism . I t creates the psycho-', lo gical and physical environm ent conducive to good attendance. T h e cooperation o f fam ily and occupational physicians can do much' to im prove this attendance. T h is cooperation can resto re the il l and in ju re d to w o rk as soon as possible and practice on a broad scale a ll that w e mean b y "preventive medi c in e ." M anagem ent and m edicine can make a co n trib u tio n to the operating efficien cy of the organization. Hut most im portant of all, a vigorous medical-management plan is foundation upon w h ich to b u ild a healthy society on and off the job. A s the pressures of our technological ago increase, as our urban environm ent becomes more complex, it is im p erative th at w e b rin g business and m edicine together to seek m utual solutions; to health and safety hazards. OFFICERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Vice President for Industry--H. S . M cF arland, D ire cto r, Personnel S e rv ic e s, C u m u l Motors Corporation, D etro it, M ich. C h airm an of th e In d u s tria l Conference--C. A . Al l en , V ice P re sid e n t-E n g in ee rin g , Am erican M utual Liability Insurance Co., W akefield, Mass. fA * C h airm an o f 1Sections--R. M . H artm an . A ssistan t M anag er, C o m p en satio n and Safely, m Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem , Pa. i Vice Chairmen of Sections--}. C . R a d c i.i f f e , Su p erviso r, In d u stria l S a fe ty , F o rd M otor C o ., r l f c . D earborn, M ic h .; K . S . H edges, Safety D irector, C en eral M otors Corporation, Detroit, M ich .; H . M . H untington, Cen eral Supervisor of Safety, International Harvester Co., iW if). T' C h ic a g o , 111.; H . C . |D au lton , D ire c to r o f S a fe ty , L o u is v ille & N a s h v ille lla ilro a d Ou , Lo uisville, K y . ' Chairman of Committees--M. F . BiANCAnDi, M anager of Safety A W o rkm e n 's Com pcic,alien Services, A llis-C hahncrs, M ilw aukee, W Is. li^r. V ice Chairmen of Committees--F . J . D odson, A ssistant V ic e P re sid e n t, L ib e rty M utual a.- In su ra n c e C o ., B oston , M ass.--J . Va n N a m e e , A d m in istra to r o f A c c id e n t Prevention. W estinghouse E le ctif^ Corporation, Pittsburgh, P a .; Paul W indsoii, S e cretary, Duic.iu of Safety, Chicago, Illj I Secretary--R o y G. Benson, M anager, In d u strial D ep artm ent, N a tio n a l S a fe ty C o n n u t, Chicago, III. 1 Committee C h a irm e n -- ooo64:^ r im !!' Associations C o m m itte e --D a n A d a ir , Safety C o o rd in ato r, P a c ific C o ast A sso ciatio n of Pulp L A Paper M anufacturers, Portland, Ore. - Audio-Visual Aids Committee--T . H . W ilkinson, D ire cto r o f S a fe ty, D ep artm ent of the A rm y, W ashington, D . C . ` . Contest mid Awards Committee--J. II. Snyueh, M anager, Safety A Plan t Protection. I In.,,,, \ W a lk e r A So n s, l 'e o rla. 111. jf. Executive C o m m i t t e e --C . A. Allen .^N o m in a tin g Com m ittee--S . F . S pen ce, D irecto r of S a fe ty A Lo ss P reven tio n, Am ent m s Cyanam id Co., W ayne, N ew Jersey Occui>ational Health Hazards C om m ittee~T. E . Bahber, M . D ., M e d ical D ire cto r, C co . A. Horm el A Co . Austin, M inn. ) 'I Occupational Health N u n in g --M u h ik l S t k w a u t , 11. N ., Illin o is B e ll T e le p h o n e C o ., , :t Chicago, III. Off-thc-Job Safety C om m ittee--R . Beeson, S a fe ly Co ordinator, D a n a C o rp o ratio n , H agers town, Ind . Physical Hazards C o m m itte e -D . D . M ateeh, S a fe ty C o ordinator, ]ones & L u u g ld in Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Research P ro ,sels C om m ittee--D . F . H ayes, Assistant D ire cto r of S a fe ty , In d u s tria l and Publications, N A S A , W ashington, D . C . . / Standards C om m ittee--N . A . T n o M B L E Y , M anager o f In d u stria l H e alth S e rv ic e s , Chrysler . . Corporation, D etro it, M ich. Technical Publications C om m ittee--XV. L. C lifto n , D ire cto r of A ccid e n t Prevention, Ontario H ydro E le c tric Com m ission, Toronto, Ontario, C a n . -.: ' j Training C om m ittee--H . Reb iio lz, S a fe ty D ire c to r, T h e R ath P ack in g C o m p a n y , W aterloo , -v ,| Iowa , MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATIONS COMMITTEE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Chairman--D an Adair, C o o rd , o f Saf. A c tiv itie s , P a c ific Coast A ssn, o f Pulp & fa p e r M lrs., ! Portland, Oregon V W. M . Allison, M anager, A ccid ent C o ntro l D ivisio n , Council of Forest Industries, Vancouver, B .C .; ] . Andheae, C e n c ra l M anager, M arine D iv ., Hum ble O il & Refining Co., Houston, T e x .; W . C . BnvsoN , Safety d ire c to r, Tidew ater Construction Corp., Norfolk, V a .; Ca pt. C . H . E . Buxton, D irecto r, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping * Assn., N ew Yo rk, N . Y .; V . C ordell, D irecto r, P ub lic Health It Safety, National flcstnurnnt Assn., Chicago, III.; ). R. C iiady, M anager Safety, W estern W ood Products Association, Portland, O re .; Ivan F . L eC ore, Safety D irector, Portland Cem ent Assn., >!. C h icag o , I I I . ; R . E . S cott, M an a g e r, T h e O n ta rio P u lp & Paper M aker's S afe ty A ssn ., Toronto, O ntario, Can. T tU ;;) f ; 000613 L i:. , - v # ASSOCIATIOr N CONSULTANTS- I W A SH IN G T O N A R E A --Santo j . Barca, S ta ff A sst, to the P re s., C a n M fg rs. In stitu te, . W ashington, D . C .; E dward W . Baum ann. Consulting D irector, N ational Slag Assn., W ashington, D . C .; G eorce Burke, M anager, Tech . Services, W ater Pollution Control F e d ., W ashington, D . C .; Joseph H . C olquitt, Secretary, National Assn, o f Refrigerated Warehouses, W ashington,' D . C .; H . L o u rs C uster, D ir. Retirem ent, Saf. it Ins., N a tl. R u ra l E le c . C o o p era tive A s s n ., W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; Kenneth A . C utsciiick, M hiiu- ' ger. Tech n ical Service, N ntionai L im e A ssn., W ashington, D. C ; Paul IIeffeiin, Asst. D ir. o f Engineering, (Am erican Concrete Pipe Assn., Arlington, V a .; W m . E . H uciies, M anaging Director^ N atio n al F ib re C a n and T u b e Assn., W ashington, D . C , H abry E . Korab, Tech n ical D irecto r, N a tl. Soft D rin k Assn., W ashington, D . C .; E . J . Kosciiella, D ir. o f T e ch n ica l Services, N atl. M achine To o l Builders Assn , W ash ington, D . C .; H u c it McC ahey, M anager Association D ep t., Cham ber o f Com m erce of i , . the U .S ., W ashington, D . C :; John Mohay, Assistant Executive Secretary, National ' Independent. M eat Packers A ssn ., W ashington, D . C .; Eucene L . N ew m an, C h ie f Cnu- !`i tracts, S a f.'D iv is io n , B u re a u o f L a b o r Stan d a rd s, l ) . S . D ep t, o f Lu b o r, W ashing to n , D . C .; W illiam S. R it n g u r , Secretary-Treasurer, National Plant Food Institute, W ashington, D . C .; John Spancler, Asst. Execu tive D irector, N atl. A sphalt Pavement Assn., Riverdale, M aryland ,*5 'fZi" kJNEW Y O R K A R E A --H arby Becker, S a fe ty M anager, A m erican G as A ssn ., N e w Y ork, N . Y.; Ray C . E llis, Jr., S ecretary, H otel Safety T ra d e C roup , New Y o rk , N . Y .; L . H . G illette, Assistant Execu tive Vice-President, Am erican Institute o f Steel Con- i struction, N ew Y o rk , N . Y .; J . C . M cG h ee, L a b o r fit S a f. Specialist, C o p p er Developm ent Assn., N ew York, N . Y .; D avid B . Preston, Asst. Exec. Secretary, Am erican W ater W orks A ssn., N ew Y o rk, N . Y .; W . W . P iutsky, Code E n g ., Bldg. Pio d ucts, T lic Alt- minum Assn., N ew York, N . Y .; Kenneth S . Rolston, Adm inistriitive Asst., Am erican ' Pulpwood Assn., N ew York, N . Y .; W illiam J. Stevens, Executive V ite -I'icsidcne, ; National Assn, of Photo-Lithographers, N ew Y o rk , N . Y. ) OFFICERS OF THE LABOR CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 ice President for Labor--A n n u m P . G ildea, S e cre ta ry -T re a su re r, U n ite d B re w e ry Workers^ C incinnati, Ohio /mirnirm--P a ul H . C onn elley , G e n e ra l Office S ta ff, U n ite d B rotherhoo d o f Carpen ters, W ashington, D .C . ' irc-Chairinan--R ex L auck, Assistant E d ito r, U nited M ine W orkers Journal, W ashington, D. C. rri'fiM i/--H onour M . W ilkins, M aling er, L a b o r D e p a rtm e n t, N atio n al S afe ty C o u n c il, 425 N'. M ichigan A v e ., C h icag o , III. |- I presenting Labor Conference on N SC Ijoard of Directors--P aul I I . C onnelley (seo Chairm an ab o ve); D r. John D . Connors) Safety D irecto r, A F L - C IO , W ashington D . C .; E dward B . H aggerty, Safety R e p r., In t'l,1A ssn , o f F ire Fig h te rs, C in c in n a ti, O h io ; J ack Mc L aughlin, U n ite d Steelw orkers L o c a l, N o. 1014, C a r y , In d .; P eter S i'ILI.eii, S afe ty D ir., United Auto W orkers L o ca l No. 588, South H o lla n d , I II .; V ictor E . W iiitehouse, Safety D ir., In t i. Bro. of Electrical W orkers, W ashington, D . C . ( lembers-at-Large--P. L . Sie m ille r , P resid en t, In t 'l. A ssn , o f M a ch in ists, W ashing to n , D .C .; H unter P . W harton, President, In t'l. U nion o f O perating En g in eers, W ashington, D .C . :ustces--W alter J . Burke, Secre tary -T re asu re r, U n ite d Steelw o rkers o f A m e rica, P itts burgh, P a.; H unter P . W harton (see Board of Directors above) . presenting State Labor D epartm ents--H o c c o A lueiito, C o m m issio ner, State D e p t, of L a bor and Indu Tries, Boston, Moss. I om m ittee Chairmen: A w ard s--T hom as A . D il l o n , B u sin ess R e p r., M ach in ists D is tric t 55, Jo liet, I I I .; Congress Program--Jacob G old, S a fe ty E n g in e e r, B u re a u o f L a b o r Stan d ards, U .S . D e p t, o f L a b o r, W a sh in g to n , D .C .; E x c c u fio e --P aul I I . C o nnelley (L a b o r Conference C h a irm a n ); F ir e Protection and Public S a fety--E dwahd B . H acceiity (seo Board of D ire cto rs a b o v e ); Government, Labor Agencies a n d Standards--R o c c o Alderto (se e Representing State L a b o r D epartm ents a b o v e ); International Labor Safety--J erry < Funk, Pub lic Relations D ir ., In t i. Federation o f Petroleum and Chem ical W orkers, D e n -. ver, C o lo .; Labor Day Campaign--Robert F arrell, S n fe ty D ir ., O peratin g Eng in eers Lo ca l N o. 150, C lricago , 111.; M embership, Co-Chairmen--Jo h n L . D ow ling, D irecto r, Safety and H ealth (C a n a d a ), United Steelworkers, Toronto, O nt. Canada; M . W . Ha m p ton, Asst. President, Bro. of Locom otive Firem en and Engineinen, Cleveland, Ohio; N om inating--H unter P. W harton (se e B oard of D ire c to rs ); Occupational Health anil l Research--D a v w A . P adden, In d u s tria l H y g ie n ist, U n ited A uto W o rk e rs, D e tro it, M ic h .; O ff-the-fob Safety and Driver Im provem ent, Co-Chairmen--Jack W . M ove, S U B itopre- [ sentative, U n ited R u b b er W o rkers, A kron, O h io ; L arry S iieffe, In t'l. Ilc p r ., U n ited Auto i W o rk e rs, O tta w a , O u t., C a n a d a ; P la n n in g --P aul I I . C onnkllky (s e e L a b o r C o n fe re n ce i C b a irm n n ); Promotion o f S a fety Training and Education--M elvin P . M it c h e l l , E xccii- ' liv e B o a rd , I n t 'l. B ro . o f E le c t r ic a l W o rk e rs L o c a l N o. 17, N o rtliv ille , M i d i .; Publications ( and Publicity--Jo h n M . B o n n y , A sst. E d ito r, A E L -C IO News, W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; Public Relations--Victo r E . W h iteh o u se, S a fe ty D i r ., In t'l. B ro . o f E le c tr ic a l W o rk e rs , W a sh - - in g to n, D .C .; R a d ia tio n Safety, Co-Chairmen--Alan F . B u n c n , S a fe ty D i r ., O perating Eng ineers, W ashington, D .C .; E dward J . L egan, In t'l. R ep r., In t'l. B ro . of Ele ctrical ' W orkers, W ashington, D .C . Past V ice Presidents for Labor--' H arry R ead, A sst, to S e c re ta ry -T re a su re r, A F L - C I O , W ashington, D .C . (O ct. 1955-Oct. 19 5 8 ); P . Siemiller (O ct. 1956-Oct. 1900) (sec Board of D irectors a b o ve ); Lloyd D . Utter, Safety D ir., United A uto W o rkers, Detroit, M ich . (O c t. 1960-Oct. 1 9 0 3 ); H unter P . W harton (O c t. 1963-Oct. 1907) (see Board of Directors above) i ' I Deceased 1 ^^3 ! i \ nr* OFFICERS OF THE MARINE SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 General Chairman-- J. Andiveae, G en eral M an ag er, M arin e D e p t. H u m b le O il i t Refining Co., H ouston, Texas. Vice C h a irm a n -d v r. A in n u itiM . Kniciit, V ico President, M ystic Steam ship C o rp ., Boston, M ass. j ' l" ',' Secretary--C . B radford M it c h e ll, C o n su lta n t, A m e ric an M e rc h a n t M a rin e In s titu te , In c ., New York, N . Y . y A ssistant Secretary--H udert F . C arr, S e cre ta ry, M o o re-M cC o n n ack L in e s , I n c ., N e w Y o rk , N .Y . Editor, M arine N ew sletter--CApfr. G eorce D . Barlow , A sst. D i r . S a fe ty B u re a u , N e w Y o rk Shipping Assn. In c ., N ew York, N . Y . Assistant Editor--J ohn R. Blacked*, A sst. S e cre ta ry, A m erican B u re a u o f S h ip p in g , N e w York, N . Y . A D V IS O R Y C O M M IT T E E i.. (IV ,S T GEN ERAL C H A IR M EN ) F . C . G rant, V ice President, United States Lin e s, In c ., N ew Y o rk, N . Y .: C a pt. G eorce I I . E . Buxton, D irector, Safety Bureau, N ew Yo rk Shipping A ssn., In c ., N ew Y o rk , N . Y .| D . L . B uchanan, Asst. M anager, Operations, G rcnt Lake s F le e t, U. S. S teel C o rp ., Cleveland, O hio; R . W . Berry, Vico President, U nited F ru it C o ., Boston, M ass.; W ainw n ic irr D awson, Safety E n g r., Bethlehem Steel C o rp., Bethlehem , Pa. N O M IN A T IN G C O M M IT T E E Chairman--F . C .\ GnANT, V ic e P resid en t, U n ite d States L in e s C o ., N e w Y o r k , N . Y . V ice C h a irm e n --W a in w iu ch t D awson, C a p t . G . H . E . Buxton, D . L . B u c h a n a n . S e c re ta ry --Bruno J . A ucen ti, Presiden t, M a rin e In d e x B u re a u , N e w Y o rk , N . Y . SA FETY O F L IF E AT SEA C h a irm a n --A d m . W i l l a r d ] . S m it h , C o m m an d n n t, U S C G , W a sh in g to n , D . C . V ice Chairm en--R ear Ad m . C . P . M urphy, U S C G C h ie f, O ffice o f M e rc h a n t M a rin e S a fe ty , W ashington, D . C .; R ear Adm . H alert C . S kepheard, U S C G ( R e t .) , W estm oreland H ill, W ashington, D . C .; R ear Adm. R . Y . E dwards, C h ie f, Offico of P u b lic & Intem atioi.nl A ffairs, U S C G . W ashington. D . C .; C a pt. W illiam F . R ea, iu . D e p u ty C h ie f, G ifu .' o f M erchant M arine Snfety, U S C C , W ashington, D . C . Special Representatives--I I e n iiy A . M o r a n , S a fe ty D ire cto r, M ilita r y Sea Tran sp o rtatio n Service. t! i ;;; ; ; ; til tlio N a v y , W .v a in Ig io u , D . C . a i i i 'J i i ; C a p t . h i. I . G o o d m a n , C h ie f, Office o f Sn ip Operation, M aritim e Adm inistration, 441 - G Street, N .W . W ashington, D . C . 20235. P A S S E N C E R & D R Y C A R G O D IV ISIO N Division Chairman--C a p t . R . N . L e Pace, M anager, In su ran ce C la im s Sc C la im s P re ve n tio n , Farrell Lines, New York. N . Y . Vice Chairm an--C a p t . R . J . A n d e r s o n , A sst, to V ic e Presiden t, O p e ratio n s, P ru d e n tia l L in e s , In c., New York, N . Y. M em bership--C a p t . C . I I . W A niN C, M anager, A ccid e n t P reven tio n D lv ., L y k e s B ro s. S S C o ., N ew O rleans, L a . Program--C a p t . H . R . R o s e n c r e n , Safety D ire c to r, M oo re-M cC o rm ack L in e s , I n c ., B ro o k lyn, N . Y .  T A N K SH IP D IV IS IO N D iv is io n Chairman--C. L . B oyle, V ic e P resid en t, T ra n sp o ita tio n , S u n O il C o ., P U il.u le li l 'n.' V ic e C lio in n m i--C a p t . P iu l ip N ea l, M a rin e D e p t., M o b il O il C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N . V. Membership-CAVT. B . P . W alkeb, M gr., U . S . Fleet, M arine D ep t., Texaco, In c ., Arthur, Texas. Program --R o bert E . M cC loskey, M a rin e S a fe ty D ire c to r, S u n O il C o ., In c ., M a rc u s 11 . Pa. G R E A T L A K E S D IV IS IO N Division Chairman--J o h n L . N orton, A sst. M an a g er, M arin o D e p t., C lo vcln u d CU U s C o ., Qlevolnnd, O hio. V ic e Chairman--Jo h n W . M a n n in c , S u p t. o f O p eratio n s, Steam sh ip D iv ., T h o H am m t ing C o ., Cleveland, O hio. M em bership--R il ey O 'B n iE N , F le e t M an a g e r, In la n d S te e l C o ., C h ic a g o , I I I . Pro g ram --W il l ia m H . C r ip p e n , In d u s t ria l R e la tio n s & P erso n nel D ire c to r, A m e ric an SS . (B o land if C o rn e liu s), Buffalo, N . Y . I- . ' STEV ED O RIN G ^ D IV IS IO N Division C h a irm a n --T heodore H . ' A L r r , S a fe ty D ire c to r, N a clrcm a O perating C o ., I -York, N . Y . ' ' V ic e C h a irm a n --Ro b ert P . Alo e h , S a fe ty & W a g e A d m ., C a s tle U C o o k, I n c ., li m u l ' H aw aii. > M em bership--C a pt . Jo h n W . C ain , M anag er, G alvesto n O p eratio n , A Jtan tic & G u lf S i. dores, In c ., Galveston, Texas. Program--W il l ia m ' L . Ric h , J n ., A sst. M an a g er, In d u stria l R elatio n s, C ra ce L in e s , i York, N . Y . S H IP B U ILD IN G & R E P A IR D IV IS IO N Division .Chairman--I . C . Yates, S a fe ty D ire cto r, A lab am a D .D . & S .B . C o ., M o b ile , Vice Chairman--J . R . O 'D o n n ell, S a fe ty D ire c to r, A vo ndale S h ip ya rd s, In c ., N e w O iL La. i Membership--L l o y d I J . P e c c in , S a fe ty D ire c to r, S u n S h ip b u ild in g & D ryd o ck C o ., C lic Pa. i Program--Jo h n S . S m it h , J r ., A sst, to the P re sid e n t, T o d d S h ip Y a rd C o rp ., H ouston, T< \ B A R G E & T O W I N G V E S S E L D I V I S I O N Division C h a irm a n --R a l p h A . G u ffe y , S afe ty D ire c to r, A . L . M e ch lin g B arg e L in e , I Joliet; III. Y M'- Chairman--L e e D . T racy, D ire c to r o f L o s s C o n tro l, In g ra m Co rporatio n, N ew lans, L a . M embership--UoimnT L . C hav, M an a g er, M a rin e O peration s, A sh lan d O il A R efin in g > Ashland, K y . 1 Program--F . M cVey W ard, S o u thern R eg io n al R ep resen tative, A m erican W aterw ay s 'erators, In c ., N ew O rleans, L a . '' Atlantic Area Chairman--A. W . C a sh , York, N. Y. V ic e C h o lrm o n --R o b e r t Hook, Pa. Safe E. Pacific Area Chairman--L a w r e n c e C . F o r V ic e Chairman--C a p t . J o s e p h tcusslon Croups ir, International Term in1 ra io n Co., In c ., f :y. M a rin e S a fe ty Dli recto r. Son O il C o ., Mu OOfMo l|Jjt,..C h e vw a stripping C p .( SiiyVraacl3C0, C a lif. !>, P r sid e n t, Portland S tcve d aj ig C o ., Portland % Gull Area C h a ir m a n --C a pt. O ll ie D avis, O perations M anager, Inc., New Orleans, L a . Vice Chairman--C a p t . C h a m .es P . M c F au ll, S a fe ty Orleans, L a . 1 G u lf & South A m erica Steam ship D irector, Delta Steam ship Lin e s, C o .,: New Great Lakes Area C h a ir m a n --F . W aiuien Seebald, Safety D ire cto r, G rea t La k e s F le e t, U . S . S tco l C o tp ., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Chairman--1C l in t o n E . B a k h v , S e cre ta ry , B u c k e y e Steam sh ip C o ., C le v e la n d , O h io . Inland Waterways Area Chairman--L e e D . T racy, D ire c to r o f L o s s C o n tro l, In g ra m C o rp ., N e w O rle a n s, L a . Vice Chairman--V i n c e G allagher, S a fe ty D ire c to r, M a te ria l S e rv ic e D l v ., G e n e ra l D y nam ics C o rp ., L y o n s , 111. | W ild in g Committees Program Com m ittee--C a p t . M . J . Sulliv a n (C h a irm a n ) , A sst. V ic e P re sid e n t, M a rs h & M cLennan, In c., N ew York. N . Ro bert E . Kra tze r t ( V ic e C h a ir m a n ), M g r. V e sse l Personnel & Services, Colum bia Transportation D lv ., Oglebay Norton C o ., C leveland , O hio. Statistics 6- C ontests C om m ittee--C a p t . J . F . W h it e ( C h a ir m a n ), D ir . o f S a fe ty & T r a in ing, States M arine Lin e s, N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; A . H . Moore (V ic e C h a irm a n ), Safety1 D irector, FatTell L in e s, N ew YorlA N . Y . M em bership Co m m ittee--A. B. Ra n Aa l l (C h a ir m a n ) , S afe ty O ffice r, M a rin e D e p t., H u m b le O il It Refining C o ., Houston, Texafc. En g in eerin g C om m ittee--C a pt . R . ( I . S m it h (C h a ir m a n ), M anager, S a fe ty D e p t , U n ite d States 1* & I A g e n cy , N e w Y o r k ,;.N . Y .; C act. G ordon Bea l (V ic o C h a ir m a n ), M a rin o Supt., United F ru it C o ., N ew Y o rly N . Y . V im n l A ids ix Poster C om m ittee--Ro bert M . Sn ow (C lia ir m n n ), C o n su lta n t S a fe ty E n g i neer. Staton Island , N . Y .; Ralph G uffey (V ic e C h a irm a n ), Safety D ire cto r, A . L , M ccfilitig Dargo L in e , In c ., Jo liet, III. O g-the-Iob S afety C om m ittee--G erald J ohnson (C h a ir m a n ), S afe ty D ire c to r, A sh la n d O il & Refining C o ., A shland, Ky.: Karl F . E ism eier (V ic e C h airm an ), V ic e President, Loss Control D ivision, Johnson & H iggins, N ew Yo rk, N . Y . M aritim e A sso ciatio ns C o m m itte e --C a rl E . M c D o w ell (C h a ir m a n ), E x e c u tiv e V ic e P re s i dent, Am erican Institute o f M arine U n derw riters, N ew Y o rk , N . Y.; R a l p h E . C asey, President, Am erican M erchant M arine Institute, In c ., W ashington, D . C .; Braxton B. Carr, President, Am erican W aterw ays Operators, In c., W ashington, D . C .; Vice A s m . James A . H irshfield, U S C C ( R e t . ) , President, Lak e Carriers A ssn., C leveland , O hio; Ra l ph B . D ew ey, President, P acific A m erican Steam ship A ssn ., San F ra n c isc o , C a lif; Jack Jones, D irecto r, A ccid ent Prevention Bureau, Pacific M aritim e A ssn ., S an F ra n cisco, C a lif.; E . M . H ood, President, Shipbuilders Council of A m erica, W ashing ton, D . C . A w a rd s Com m ittee (B est Papers)--Bruno J . Aucenti (C h a ir m a n ), P re sid e n t, M a rin e In d e x Bureau, In c ., N ew York, N . Y .; C a pt. H ew lett R . Bishop (V ic e C h a irm a n ), Execu tive V ice President & C h ie f Surveyor, National Cargo Bureau, N ew Y o ik , N . Y . Sh ip Sa/ety A chievem ent Awards C om m ittee--C a pt. J ones F . D ev lin ( C h a ir m a n ), M aritim e Consultant, N ew Yo rk, N . Y . , Public Relations Co m m ittee--Robert Younc. Jn . (C h a ir m a n ). Associate E d it o r , T h e W e e k ly Underw riter, New Yo rk, N . Y .; Robert W are, Editor, M arin Engineering/Log. New York, N. Y . Stall Representative--R alvii M . C o e , In d u s tria l M ich ig an A ve n u e , C h ic a g o , 111. 00611 D opt., N atio n al Safety C o uncil, 425 N. 1 .a PLAN N O W TC ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week; a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and Ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . . on safety In industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make well informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safely expe `rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28-31 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 N A T I O N A L S A F E T Y C O U N C IL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO, I I 60611 ./ ift.i'1' ; P 00064 50 ) OFFICERS OF THE ';v< i tV; METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 V Cenerai Chairman--B . D . K e n t , S afe ty & S c c u iity S u p v r , A lu m in u m Co m pany o f A m e ric a / ^Contest and Awards C om m ittee--J. F . D w y e r (C lm irm n n ), Safety S u p v r , R e p u b lic Steel in ' C o rp , C h icag o D istrict, C hicag o , 111.; B. Brow n, S u p v r. o f S afety , Y oungstow n S heet tv ' Tube C o , Eust Chicago, Ind. |?Fountirg Industry C om m ittee--W . I I . D ecker (C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty D i r , C e n tra l Foundry jiy .'D iv is io n , D a n v ille P i t , C e n e ra l M otors C o r p , D a n v ille , 111.; R ichard C . K el lo c c . Safety i . D ir , Cooper Bessm er C o m pany, M ount Vernon, O hio; C . W . D avis. Asst. Personnel M g r, National Castings D l v , M idland-Boss C o rp , Sharon W o rks, Sharon, P a .; T . L . I l t w m , Davenport, Iow a. .is R i^ D ir. o f In d u s tria l R e l , V u lc a n M o ld & Iro n C o , La tro b e , P a .; J . F . T o o le, S r , M gr. of First Vice Chairman--C. P. Voriles, M g r. o f S a fe ty , Jo nes & L a u g h lin Steel C o rp ., Pitts-i burgh, Pa. Second Vice C h a irm a n --J . Patlyek, M g r., In d u s tria l R e i., E a s t C h icag o W o rk s , B la w -K n o i; Industrial R e l, U nio n Steel W o rks, Fo un d ry & M ill M ach. D i v , B lu w -K n o x C o , I'itlsf'^jbargh, P a .; R . L . D uncan, Personnel S u p v r, Am erican Steel Fo un d ries, Ind ian a Harbor ^ Works, East Chicago, Ind . Co., East Chicago, Ind. Third Vice Chairman--S. C o l l in s , Steel Corp., Portage, Ind . jleu cru l Supvr. Safety, M idwest Steel D lv ., , Steel Service Center Com m ittee--P. W alter (C h a ir m a n ), A sst, to the P re s , K o rlu im e l [fe/ -Stool und A lu m in u m , E v a n sto n , I I I .; It . U ndkiiwood, M g r. o f L a b o r R e l , U n ite d Stales National. 4 ;/ Supply D l v , Chicago, III. Secretary--J. C . D ales, Management^ R e p re sen ta tive , B ethlehem S te e l C o rp ., C h ic a g o , IB., Industrial H ygiene C om m ittee--W . E . Sebesta*' ("C h a irm a n ), C h ie f In d u s tria l H yg ie n ist, ' IS"-'. AePub l'c S te e l C o r p , R esearch C e n te r, Ind epen den ce, O h io ; J . A . J anous, S e n . In d u stria l Newsletter Editor--F . I I . I llic, M anager o f S a fe ty an d S e c u rity , A lu m in u m C o . o f AmericaV, t f j i v Hygiene E n g , Jones & L a u g h lin S te e l C o r p , P ittsb u rg h , P a .; W . M . Sm it h , M g r , lo - Pittsburgh, Pa. ; ;4 /y. dustrial H ygiene, W eirton Steel C o , W elrto n , W . V a .; D . L . W eiisteii, In d u stria l Health Co-Editor and Speakers Bureau--H. ij. Se im e t z , S e n io r S a fe ty S u p v r., R e p u b lic Ste e l C o rp ./ Central Alloy D istrict, Canton, O liiq. <:-> Congress Program Com m ittee--J . E . Sprow ls (C h a ir m a n ) , S a fe ty M g r., C a te rp illa r T r a c t o r C o ., P e o ria, 111.; Al e x C uzowsky, S a fe ty E n g ., C o lo ra d o F u e l & Iro n S te e l C o rp ., Pueblo, ;! Co lo.; J . S . C hapm an, M gr. o f Safety, A m ico Steel C o rp ., M iddletow n, O h io ; C . F.? G race, Sales M g r., Colum bus M cK in n o n C h a in Co rporatio n, Tonnaw and a, N . Y .; R . M.j| C owdrick, S u p v r, o f S a fe ty , B e thlehem S te e l C o rp ., B e thlehem , P a . ' fe r` E n g , Bethlehem Steel C o rp , Bethlehem , Pa. t X Steel Industry C om m ittee--M ; E . Rudy (C h a ir m a n ), M g r. S a fe ty , L a c le d e S te e l C o , A lto n, ^ j l l l l . ; A . R . Sauer, Corporntel Safety D i r , Phoenix Steel C o rp , Claym ont, D e l.; L . W o z.w , Jn.; P it. Safety E n g r , Bethlehem Steel C o rp , Sparrow s Point, M d .; R . C . D ettmaii, Corpornte Safety M g r , Interlake Steel C o rp , Chicago, I II .; R . D . M innick, Am erican lTMn?Maganese Steel D i v , A m erican Brake Shoe C o , Chicago, H eights, III .; F . T . F ieuleii, i^ ^ S u p v r, Ind ustrial Safety Section, Steel D lv , Fo rd Motor C o , Dearborn, M ich .; W . E . Publicity C o m m ittee--E dward M andry (C h a ir m a n ) , S u p t., In d u stria l R e l., R e p u b lic Steel' Corp., Cleveland D istrict, Cleveland, O hio. ' i Technical Publications Com m ittee--J. B . Anderson (C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty E n g ., Republic'! Steel C o rp ., C leveland , O hio; J . E . N ichols, D ir. o f S afe ty, Reynolds M etals C o ., Reyn-, ^Nichols, A sst, to V ic e PresJ Ind ustrial B e l, N orthwestern Steel and W ire C o , Sterling, J / f l l .; W . P . Saunders, Safety! D i r , U n iversal Cyclops Steel C o rp , B rldgcvlU e, P a .; It. M . yj Cowdiuck, S u p v r , S a fe ty , Bethlehem Steel C o r p , B e th le h e m , P a . . V 1 If. Non-Ferrous Industry Com m ittee--T . T . P indbii (C lm ir m n n ), S afe ty D i r , K e n n cco tt Copper olds M etals B ld g ., Richm ond, V a .; E . N . O 'G rady, Safety D ir., N ew D eparturo Hyatt i l v C o rp , U tah Copper D l v , Sait La k e C ity , U tah; J . A . T urk, D ir. of Safety & Ind ustrial Bearings, G eneral Motors C o rp ., H arriso n, N . J . ; W . R . Roijlin, M anager o f Safety, j/fc Health, U . S .'M etal Reflning C o , Carteret, N . J .; C ary P . F isher, D ivisio n M g r, Kaiser A lle g lit n L u d lu m Steel C o rp ., O liv e r B ld g ., P ittsb u rg h , P a .; R . D . T ranter, Coporate Chem ical C o rp .! O akland, C a lif.; J . E . N ichols, D ir. of Safety, Reynolds Safety E n g ., A rm co Steel C o rp ., M id d le to w n , O h io ; W . J . Schwaceh, S u p e rv iso r of S afe ty , T h e Y oung stow n Sheet & T u b e C o m p a n y , You ng stow n , O h io ; F rank E . Bird, Jr,/ Metals C o , R ich m o n d, V a .; J.i M ahana, Loss Prevention S u p v r , O rm et C o r p , H an n ib a l, gi Ohio; R . R . Aker, S afe ty S u p v r , Phelps Dodge C o r p , M o ren ci, A r iz .; F . H . I l l ic , M au Corporate Safety D irector, Lu ken s Steel Com pany, Coatesville, P a .: ;> P'i M em bership Com m ittee--D . L . J ohnson (C h a ir m a n ) , M anag er, P en n sylvan ia Manufacturer^: s i g e r of Safety & S ecu rity, Alum inum Co. of Am erica, Pittsburgh, Pn. [Fabricating Industry C om m ittee--it. J. C ollins (C lt n in n n n ), S a fe ty S u p v r , B e thlehem S t e e l Assn. In su ra n ce C o ., P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .; E . E . M cW herto r, S u p v r/ P e r. S e rv . & Safety,; /-.Corp., Le e tsd a le , P a .; R . C uzoiit, F ro n tie r S teel, M uskogee, O k ln .; F . P . C ava, Personnel Sharon Steel Corporation, F a rre ll, Pa, ?. Pi ttsburgh B rid g e & Iron W o rks, Rochester^ Pa.; E . A . Bratton, Secyrrttoqfef, latc O fj-th e jo b C om m ittee--I I . W . G ilberc ( C h a ir m a n ), W o rk s S a fe ty A d m inistrato r, Jones 4'' L a u g h lin S te e l C o rp o ratio n, A liq u lp p a W o rk s , A liq u lp p a , P a .; J. D . H o lt za pple (Past C e u . C h r .) ; D . D . M ateer (P a s t G e n . C h r .) ; J. C . C u llen (P a s t G e n . C h r .) ; J. Wv T ysse (P a s t C e n . C h r .) . :i Training and Education Com m ittee--G . H . R eilly (C h a irm a n ), S afe ty E n g ., A dm in,j U nited States S teel C o rp ., P ittsb u rg h , P a .; B. Br o w n , S u p v r. o f S a fe ty , Youngstow n Sheet& T u b e C o ., E a s t C h icag o , In d .; A . T . P o c iiiB E n , S a fe ty D i r , A llegh eny L u d lu m Steel ||F a b ric a t o r s A s s n , C h ic a g o , 111.; M . H . Z il & D lv , C a ry, In d .; C . F . Jonas, M g r, Industri C o , ECllw..o._o Jd mC ist.y. , DP-a .; J . d erfsor est, *Indu!' 1ft E van sville , In d .; D ean A . D exter, Safet * 111. ^ IV ert Coast C om m ittee--R . C . B e c k s t e a d ( American Sm elting i i Refining C o , S a lt La k e 'e r, Ama ld n rd Dtv.^biayiFi^iui.x t^lntionaI'6t|i& \, ( C o r ;), L e c c h b n rg , Pa.; 1.. C . Paukkr, S a fe ty D i r , G ra n ite C ity Steel C o , C ra n ito City,-; . * Member* at iAirgc--H o m k h K . L a m ij i l ( C h a ill.; H . L . SKillin '/, Senior Safety S u p v r , R ep u b lic Steel Corporation, Central A llo y Dis Oakland, C a lif.; H a iiiiy Schwaht/ , P re s, trict, Canton, O hio. / ') Sun V iancitco Area H tn K . M. \ i MM>\ (C h a ir m m i), l'Y iln a U 'il N U l.ils D iv ., American S m e llie r S: lie fin in g C o ., San Fra n c isc o , C a lif .; 1' . 1' . 1'e l t o n , J n ., S a fe ly E n g ., llethlehcin Steel C o rp ., Pinole Point W orks, lliclnuo nrl, C a lif. .Yin III west Area--J a m i s Ahmstiio.nc ( C lia ir in a n ) , S afe ty & P ro t. S u p v r ., Ilyd ro -A ln in in u ra & C h em ical C o rp ., Troulw ood W o rks, Spokane, W a sh .; It. S . J amah, Safety E n g r., Beth lehem Steel C o rp .* Pacific Coast D iv ., Seattle, W ash. Lov Angeles Area--lim viN S . W ynkooc (C h a ir m a n ), Bethlehem Steel C o rp ., P a cific Conil Div-., T e rm in a l A n n e x, L o s A ng eles, C a lif.; It. K . C iieason, S a fe ty E n g in e e r, Harvey Alum inum C o ., W estern A ve ., Torrence, C a lif. Salt L u ke C ity Area--T iieiion T . PiNoiai (C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty D ir ., K cn n e co tt C o p p er Corp., Utah Copper D iv ., Salt Lake C ity, Utah. Research and Advisory Com m ittee--JW . T . M cL ean (C h a ir m a n ), G e n S u p v r., S afe ty and S a n ita tio n , U n ite d States Ste e l C o rp ., C a r y , In d .; * G . L u n d ie, A sst. D i r ., S a fe ty & Plant P rotection D e p t., In la n d Steel C o ., E a s t C h icag o , I n d .; * C h a m .es E . W ilso n , S a fe ty Eng., ile th lc h c m S teel C o rp ., B e th le h e m , P n .; * J . W . T ysse, M g r. of S a fe ty , R e p u b lic Steel C u rp ., R e p u b lic B u ild in g , C le v e la n d , O h io ; ` J am es C . C ui-len , D iv . S a fe ty E n g ., Engine A F o u n d ry D iv ., F o rd M otor C o .,'t)e n rb o m , M ic h .; * D . D . Mateeii, S afe ty Coordinator, S afe ly D iv ., Jones & Ln u g h lin Step} C o rp ., Pittsbu rgh , P a .; * R . I . P isle, Su p t. o f Indus tria l R e l., R e p u b lic S teel C o rp ., C Jiicng o , I I I .; ` J . D . H olvaai'i-l e , M g r. o f S a fe ty , BlawKnox C o ., Pittsburgh, P a .; * G . E . StCENBnoD, Safety D ir., M cLo u th Steel C o rp ., Trenton, M ic h .; * G . O . G h if f in , M g r., H a z a rd C o n tro l, D ra v o C o rp ., N e v ille Is la n d , Pittsburgh, P a .; *H . S . S im pso n , M g r. S a fe ty , C a te rp illa r T ra c t o r C o ., P e o ria , 111.; ` J . L . R idince, D ir ., S a fe ty a n d P la n t P ro tectio n , In la n d S teel C o ., E a s t C h ic a g o , I n d .; * P . E . C iuindmah, Safety E n g ., Arm co Steel C o rp ., Rustless D iv ., Baltim ore, M d. Staff Representative--E . E . K o c t i, N atio n al S a fe ty C o u n c il, 425 N . M ich ig an A v e ., Chi cago, Illin o is 60011. ` Past General Chairm an. PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL'SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO i_T 5 <- The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week ! for the 13,000 safety people who attend. 'A t the *68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . . on safety Jn industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. I you can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. i This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and b rin g the other people in your organization who have safety responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 O c t o b e r 2 8 31 1969 Octob er 27- 30 1970 October 26 29 v 1971 O c t o b er 25 28 1972 Octob er 23 - 26 N A TIO N A L SA FETY C O U N C IL THE MINER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT ! By r . t . m . w h it e M acD o n ald P ro fe s s o r o f M in in g E n g in e e rin g mid Chairm an, Departm ent of M ining Engineering & Applied Geophysics, M cG ill U niversity, M onlrcni " Environm ent" has been defined as " the aggregate of physical, regional and circum stantial conditions that surround and inilu- ciici; the life or developm ent o f on. In d iv id u a l or a com m unity" . W hen this definition is ap plied to the m ining ind ustry, the' term de notes som ething m u ch w id e r than ground control, mine ventilation, and d jist abate ment, the aspects of the w orking environ ment that have so far re ce ive d m ost atten tion. I T h e object of this paper is fo review , somewhat critically, the total environm ent of our industry insofar as it concerns those who constitute the productive w ork-force. It is for this reason that the topic " T h e l|fin e r an il llis Environm ent" has been srhjctcd. Tire paper w ill, therefore, be in the n aiu ru o f no analysis o f factors nod p rin cip le s relevan t to the creation and m aintenance o f a proper total m ining environm ent, certain aspects of which are seldom exam ined but w h ich arc, ia fact, highly relevant. M ining b y surface methods has given rise to little an xiety concerning the p h y sica l en vlroiunc a but, as operations have proceeded fn d ep t., more attention to the w o rk in g en vironment has become necessary. Most thought has been given to p articu lar fun c tional aspects of the physical m ining en vi ronment, nam ely, ventilation and airborne m ineralized suspensions. T h e ind ustry's in terest in these aspects o f the underground environm ent is alm ost as old ns underground mining itself. Even in the paleo-m etaflurgic era of the ancient w orld, the im portance of natural ventilation was acknowledged, and v e know from the records of Agricola of the new approaches to ind uced ve n tilatio n ( by fire, bellow s, and the lik e ) in h is d ay. W ith our more modem methods, undoubted prog ress has been m ade in the p h y sica l e n viro n ment. In the composite costs of m illing , the cost of labor is u su a lly the largest single item and it is through an increase in the efficiency of labor--the output p e r m an sh ift--that the greatest im provements in this item can he achieved. T h e in itia l approach to achieve greater efficiency was to make the working place safer ( from the obvious structural vie w p o in t). From these beginnings, it is now w id e ly accepted that w orking places should also Ire more healthful and com fortable and that our m ining activities should be designed in such a w ay that a reasonable performance . o f labor can he achieved without discomfort. M u ch b y w a y of increased p ro d u ctiv ity has been achieved b y increased mechanisation, w h ic h is reflected by im provem ent In the man hours per ton o f ore m ined: in metal lining, from 1.89 m an hours per ton in 1952 to 1.09 man hours per ton in 1902 and, in nnn-m etallic m ining, from 0 .5 0 m an hours per ton in 1952 to 0 .2 7 m an hours per ton in 1902. Tlic.su urn significant im provem ents In pro d u ctivity. Hut, mv.cliauisntiou lias Intro duced additional, as w ell as Its own special, prohlcm s. In more recent years, it has be come evident that the p h ysical aspects of our ind ustrial environment m ust be correlated w ith psychological, as w e ll as sociological, aspects in the establishment o f a comprehen sively utlnictivo working environm ent. T h u total environment of m ining Is there fore, I suggest, n composite one o f physical, chem ical, biological, psychological and socio logical elem ents; together, th ey constitute the w orking conditions w ith in the in d ustryc a d i giving rise to problems o f control. In turning to these environm ental components, there a rc some upon w h ic h I sh all touch only briefly. Rock Sfahililg/Im tabifitg. " F a ils o f ground" are a feature o f the p h ysical environm ent that constitute the highest cause o f m ine fatalities. Th ese derive g enerally from Inadequate safeguards of loose m aterial on the one hand a n d /o r Igno rance o f the relative sta b ility o f the rock stru ctu re cn masse on the other. U s u a lly , th<| - ' first o f these relates d ire ctly to inadequate Inspection of the " hack" of a freshly-broken excavation and to inadequate rem edial ac tion; tlie second is part of the established p ractice o f ground control an d is often the problem of inadequate support at a localized w 0 0 0 6 4 i) | M ining Intim ili/ part of the w orkings or o ings in relatio n to kno' stresses w ith in the ro ck mat In tire past, the approa' and practice o f rock m echanics in k of air conditioning ijrjrieote^;^ .''Ip Jreing C oncerned rin c fp a liy w ith temper ii-s -* >' atu re -h q m ld itJ& X ltt .con cem should he the theo ry sim u ltan eo u s' cHlrthr! o f p u rity , motion ami has been heat content o f the a ir. In the past and ften largely through (ho experim ental investiga today, too littlo attention lias been, or i , tion o f tiro p h y sic a l properties o f ro cks, the p a id to th is e sse n tia l sim ultaneo us control. application o f stress-strain m easuring tech Th erm al exchange between the human niques, photoelasliclty, and the like. These body and the environm ent depends upon have reflected largely a som ewhat static ap four external p h ysical factors: air tcm p n.i proach to the structural problem of rock fall- lu re, radiant tem perature, a ir vclo cily, ami uro. I t m ig ht w e ll be th at a m ore dynam ic m oisture content o f th e a ir; lin t tltrin i.il ex approach can be envisaged (through " geo change Is also subject to delicate pliysinlogi dynamics" ) , involving a change in emphasis cal controls through variations in the n u l.i through concepts o f inherent in stab ility b o lic rate, the rate o f ch em ical and oxidation rather than o f apparent sta b ility o f excavated processes w ith in tire hum an body. T h e four structures. I n a n y case, m u ch m ore s till `re** p h y sica l e n viro n m e n tal facto rs arc indt-peud mains to be done in correlating the influence e n tly va ria b le and m a y be com bined in d il of design and layout o f w o rkings w ith the ferent w ays to produce the same themed i f . stability and in stab ility o f the rock structure. fects upon m a n : an increase in air velocity T ills is la rg e ly a m atter o f m in in g engineer w ill offset a ils u In a ir tem perature: a <r.n ing con trol In vo lvin g a know ledg e o f the sid cra b le ele vatio n o f a ir tem perature c m In structure and the p rincip les o f ground sup tolerated if tire re lative h rm iid ily is low, ami port by the Judicious design o f p illa rs o r use of support m aterials (su ch as tim ber, con so on. Such com binations o f llic rin a l im .il/ tions th at in d u ce tiro sam e llic u iia l '.I ,) , creto, " fill" , e t c .). T h o aim Is tow ards com tlons aro called tlierino-eqnivnleiit comli plete extraction o f the econom ically m ineral tions. T h e norm al and basic Effective T e m ized m a te ria l. W e h ave y e t to le a rn m u ch p e rature S cale s g iv e the com binations o( more co n cern in g the m echanism s o f "fiH" e q u ivale n t co n d itio n s as determ ined b y dry consolidation (e ith e r by norm al compaction b u lb tem perature, w e t b u lb temperature, or tire use o f cem ents 'and other chem ical and a ir v e lo city. T h e rm a l com fort in the en ; m ixtures), th e m ethod (of attaining unifor- vironm ent is tho p rim a ry purpose of air con ' mlty In properties, and the subsequent rock ditioning. In asm u ch ns m an generates lie,a ' mechanics o f tho consolidated m aterial. and is com fortnlrlo nt environm ental temper T h e non-enginccrlng Interest is a statisti atures below body tem peratures, the prob cal o n e-statistics and classification o f acci lem generally is one a f controlling tire lic it dents caused b y " fa lls o fi ground" . " F i l l " , in lo st from the b o d y , not the problem o f beat the form o f the coarse fra ctio n o f com m i in g tire m an . N e v erth e le ss, in order to m ain nuted m aterial, is now a com m on form of tain an environm ent that w ill regulate tin: ground su pp ort an d , a p a rt from certain loss o f heat from the b o d y , it m ay lie rnnvs- m inor aspects (s u c h as ch e m ical reactions sn ry to su p p ly b e a t o r h u m id ity , to cuul m producing carbon dioxide,' sulp hur dioxide, to d ehum idify, or to va ry the velocity ol tin: and other gaseous contam inants in sm all atr m ovement in the area. Most application-, amounts, and/or tho presence o f residual underground w ill req uire the n im i.l. i ilu.n polluted w a t e r ) , presents re la tiv e ly m in o r o f m ore than mm o f these to n riiio at a non-engineering problem s. Satisfactory environm ental condition. Mine Air Conditioning. In Nortir Am erica in w in ter, tin; aililiinm o f heat to a v e n tila tin g system is ofti n r .m m T h e term " m in e a ir co n d itio n in g " has tia l. B rie fly , the a d d itio n n f h e a t is m u m ill, been d elib erate ly used, sin ce , in the m atter attained c ith e r h y ra d ia tio n , the li .u i'i n i , u.u, ' of atm ospheric environm ental control, w c of energy hy means nf elecliumagn. li, should ho concerned w ith tho simultaneous w aves o f very long w avelength; m , mon: control, w ith in prescribed lim its , o f the q u a l com m only, h y co n ve ctive h e a t trn n s lii. <i ity, q u a n tity and tem perature-hu m id ity o f ther n atu ral or forced circu latio n of lln: aii the a ir w ith in a designated space or in a des around a bent sou rce. T h e possibilities ol ignated c irc u it. Fu n d a m e n ta lly , ven tilatio n is beat exchange b y other less obvio us means concerned w ith air quantity or air move- than direct bent u iilizatio n should be i'\..in ) ) :% 1967 N ational Safety Congress in cd : w aste heat front nearby installations, warm return air from olltcr underground workings, geothermal heat from rock at depth, o r the heat contained in large bodies of w ater in lakes and rivers (even beneath ice-cappings in w in t e r ). I n deep m in ing , as at Kolar (in In d ia ), or on the W itw atersr.m il, or in Northern Australia, heat removal (unit the air-stream is nrecssaiv. Kor this evap orative cooling is used or, alte in a tiv e ly , the a ir is passed over chilled coil systems. Although w e read of the rare case in|inining that calls for hum idification of an air stream, de-hum idification is frequently more desira ble. T h e ultim ate and eventual lim itation in modern m in in g is d epth, in w h ic h tins p ro b lems o f h e a t, la rg e ly through g co |hcrnial gradients, can be very serious. Combined cooling and dc-hum idilication processes have become necessary to provide d esirable e n v i ronm ental conditio ns in some m in e s.1A v o id ance o f hum idification is attem p ted.b y re sorting to d ry d rillin g and a reduction in the use o f w a te r w herever possible, b ill such practice in turn gives rise to other problems. Q u ality control of the environm ental at mosphere has not received as m uch attention in uictal-m iniug ns it has in collieries, but a greater awareness is evident nowadays amongst m etalliferous m ining engineers re sponsible for m ine nir-com litioning. T h e use of e lectrical analogue computers oilers a rapid m eans o f simultaneous control of a num ber oi facto rs. M u ch rem ains to be done in the stu d y o f tu rb u le n t resistance to flow in mine a ir stream s and in the development of mclbods of ventilation network analysis. A cclim atisation is a factor in environments which claim s our attention in the industry under certain conditions. T h e extreme heat at extrem e depths o f m ining give rise to problems of beat tolerance of the individual and, w ith them , those of acclim atisation. T h e ad ju stm ent of m iners to extrem es of en vironm ental heat m ay be prolonged and, even when acclim atized, gradual lowering of the overheated body to norm al temperatures is im portant. A cclim atisatio n is also neces sary in the ease of high altitude locations; for exam ple, in the Andes at elevations of 14,000-10,000 feet, where it takes the form of adjustm ent to oxygen deficiency and avoidance of over-exertion. Acclim atisation is a personal adjustm ent in th e approach to, and w ith d ra w a l from , these unusual e n viro n mental conditions. Dusts and Radiations. T h e hazards associated w ith dusts and ra diations are amongst the m ost serious of all those w ith w h ich the m ining engineer must contend hut, like ventilation, have been re ceivin g increased attention in recent years, partien laily since the insidious effects of ra diations have been d ram atically deinon.-.liali-il in llm uranium n iliirx o f ib is cuiilineut and elsewhere. Although m uch work has been done on tills im portant subject, m u ch s till rem ains to be le a rn ed concerning dusts and radiations. T h e dust hazards derive from com bina tions of particle slzo range, freshness (o r sur face re a c tiv ity ), com position, and tho sus ce ptibility of the in d ivid u al exposed thereto. D ust particles o f pathological (o r combusti b le ) consequences aro predom inantly below 10 m icrons in size ; th a t is . less th a n .0004 inch. Particles larger than 10 m icrons are un lik e ly to rem ain in airborne suspension in air streams o f even moderate velocity. T h e haz ardous dusts characteristically have a mean particle size in tho range of 0 .5 to 3 microns, and generally tiro chem ical re a ctivity o f the m iueraiiie m aterial increases w ith decreasing particle size. D usts Inflow 10 m icrons, having no significant w eight or in ertia, tend to re m ain suspended som ew hat in d e fin ite ly in an a tm o sp h e ric environm ent. O n tire other hand, w e know so little about netual dust particle behavior, p a rticu la rly o f the fibrous types such as asbestos--fine tu b e-like struc tures of almost constant diam eter ( 0.5 m icron) hut o f varying lengths. D o they tend towards preferen tial con centration , w a ftin g ab out fn the atmosphere and settling under "hind ered" conditions? H o w do w e assess atmos pheric concentrations of such dusts w ith ac curacy? Since dust particles m ay be electri ca lly cirarged, can they, or do they, attract to their surfaces coatings of even finer, more fissile uusts in p a ra sitic fash io n ? I s th is the reason for the intense a c tivity o f some essen tia lly silicious dusts (a s on the R and and elsew here) w here piicum ocunlotic symptoms appear to have been accelerated b y some agency, perhaps extrem ely fine radio-active coatings? T lic s o aro questions th at s till rom aiu to he settled. T h e re are a n um b er of categories into w hich dusts can be classified: ( a ) pulmon ary dusts, w h ich are harm ful to the respira tory system (su ch as silica, silicates, beryl lium ores, iron ores, and cassitcritic ores); ? v 41 J: ; X I j ) `Y - 1 000650 M ining Iiiilmlnj (b ) toxic dusts, w h ich ore organs and body tissues { lead, m ercury, radon, th o r ( c ) radio-active dusts, w l because of th e ir radiations uranium , thorium, e t c .); ( d ) explosive dusts, w h ich are com bustible in airb o rn e suspension (c o a l dusts, sulphide dusts, and the lik e ); and ( e ) inert dusts, w h ic h a lle g e d ly h ave no h a rm fu l cifecls. Some dusts have m ultiple ratings and, os our exp e rie n ce g ro w s, m ore and more dusts a re being ad ded to the h arm fu l lists; there is, in fa ct, increasing reason to doubt w hether any dust is really inert or pathologically hannless. Dusts can va ry in their injuriousness when associated w ith gaseous contnm innnts w h ich , in their own field can h a ve adverse physio logical effects through asp hyxiatio n , to xicity, or radio-activity. A s w ith oxygen depletion, the p h ysiolog ical e ffe ct o f a gas varie s w ith the exposure tim e an d tire in d iv id u a l. R ado n, because of its decay products, gives rise to particular problem s o f su rveying and assess ment. A vast am ount o f w o rk has yet to be done on tho sources of radon, its m igration in m ino. w aters, and thd m echanism s of its release into the w o rkin g atm osphere. C a n its solubility differential in w ater and o ily liq uids be p u t to b en e ficial co n tro l use? It s d is astrous assim ilation in th e blood stream is based upon this in n rk c d lso lu b iiily differen- lial. ( Generally, in our assessment of the harm - fulness of in d u stria l dusts, several factors emerge as im p o rtan t. M in e ra l com position is probably m ore im p o itarjt than chem ical composition, and the p h yiio -ch em lcal prop erties ore p robab ly m ore im portant than the physical properties. T h e surface activity of particles is im portant. Perm issib le concentra tions v g fy from d u st to d u st. R ad io -active and other toxic dusts can be h arm ful at con centrations less than one-fifth that o f a tradi tionally accepted h arm ful dust, such as sil ica. Exposure tim es are found to v a ry enor mously. In some cases, silicosis bos been diagnosed a fte r less th an one ye ar o f expo sure; in other cases, only a fter 15 or 20 years or even longer. Rndiation damngo generally does not m uke itse lf o b vio us u n til afte r sev eral years. E ve n in a single m ine, are there variations In the silicosis-producing proper ties of quartz at various depths? T h is would appear to ho so. F o r exam ple, at K o la r in India, w ith shallow deptlis, classical silicosis was rare even in miners w ith a lifetim e of underground nient; ns d e p th s in U to app ear a lte r 15 :'ll d e p th s of lia ' 01 tit i ut ity f reported to be ous hazard niter less than five years nl dcrgroiind working exposure. T in : behavim o f particles, whose surfaces have l .n coated w ith highly active films of p.uaMtn dusts, lues yet tu In: fu lly investigated. In any case, the u ic ic pmsL-iiee ol <111.1 and/or radiations has an adverse psychologi cal effect upon m iners. Fro m this view point alone, their abatement is im portant. AU dusts luive nuisance value, in that they decrease v isib ility, create uncom fortable environm en tal conditions, and result Iti labor iuellii h m y and dissatisfaction. T h e subject o f abatem ent still rem ains in adequately studied. W a ter has been the u n i ve rsa lly ap plied m e d iu m , b u t its efficien cy is open to question uml it has lim itations; for exam ple, in certain winter-tim e open cut a c tivities, w et d rilling is v irtu a lly im possible N ew er methods of abatement m ust be in ves tigated. Efforts have been made to apply electrostatic concentration to airborne dusts, but w ith only purtlul success. Some arc of the opinion that other m i lli ods should be Investigated. Should w e bo ap p ly in g to airborne m ln e ra lilc -p a rlic ic sirs pensions the same sort of principles that wo a p p ly tu w ater-borne sns(>cnslnus in mo dressing processes? Is it possible tu Intrudm o dust surface activators w hich w ould rem lei the dust p articles m ore am enable to collet, tion and, therefore, abatem ent, by the use of froths and foams? T h is is one field of miner a llic surface chem istry that could be impm- taut. I t m ight offer new solutions to Ih n age-old problem . Mine Illumination. Inad equ ate attention has been given tu m ine lighting. Although spectacular a d vances have been made in illum ination em;i (leering, our in d u stry has been slow to take advantage ol the new developm ents. In a! most an y handbook on illu m in atio n it is po , sib lc to find tables w hich list optim um illu ininntfng conditions for every form of in.lu trial a ctivity, w ith the single esccptioji ,,t m ining. T o say that lig h tin g has alw ays 1<, ,, problem underground, where illum ination leaves m uch to he desired, is a serious mi (le rsta tcin ciit. A new n p p in .u ii is m ecsm u A ny new application must lake into a n mint ) 1967 llotionai ,ety Congress tin ; a b ility o f the eye to ad apt its e lf to ade quate visib ility at relatively lo w illum ination and brightness levels. C e n e rally, w o are con fronted w ith poor natural reflectivity from the rock surfaces of our m ine environm ent, and this means low eye adaptation. P au city of data from m ining operations m akes it d iffic u lt to prove c o n c lu siv e ly the beneficial effects o f im proved 'illum ination. T h e direct effect of lighting on underground efficiency ns reflected b y "cost p e r ton o f oro" or by "output per m an sh ift" has not generally been studied and tire indirect ef fects (lor exam ple, the raising o f personnel m orale by im proving the brightness o f the w orking environm ent) are s till considered largely speculative. Im proved (lighting un doubtedly im proves w orker psychology and m orale in surface activities and there is no reason to suppose that sim ilar results cannot be achieved underground. T o ta l injuries In surface m ining operations are a fraction of the total accidents in underground m ines. T h e re is therefore some satisfactory conclu sion to be draw n concerning tiro m erits of good natural lighting in the surfnee w orking environm ent when compared w ith poor Illu m ination conditions underground. Belter underground visib ility should re duce the total m ining accidents, o f w h ich a large proportion are concerned w ith dexter it y cud m ob ility, both of w h ich ca ll for co ordination of the visual process w ith bodily m ovem ent. V isu al perform ance deteriorates w ith advancing age, and such deterioration can best bo countered b y ill!proved euviruurneutid bV.htiug. ('`n taiitie s g ein -ially mo higher in tile older age-groups of under ground m iners, despite the fact that com pany policy m ay ensure younger men being employed w here greater alertness and dex terity are called for. On the surface, w here visib ility is better, fa ta lity rates decrease w hen the older men are given less arduous cud less dangerous tasks progressively w ith th e ir age. E v e n w here accidents to older m e n m ay be due to a com b in atio n o f nttentuated reaction tim e, reduced d exterity, and slow er movement, data show that better visi b ility counteracts this. Adequate visib ility undoubtedly assists in the avoidance o f a cci dents associated w ith increased m echaniza tion and contact w ith m oving equipment. In considering illum ination, w e should take as our criteria the com bined effects of illum ination and nil of those factors w hich control and determine v isib ility . T h is w ill call for n new approach to "m ining v isib il ity " , but it should achieve moro w orthw hile results, w ith m inim um expenditure, than continuing to apply popular ideas based solely upon illum ination levels and tho num ber and Intensity o f lamps installed. T h e term " visib ility " is used to denote the ab ility of the eye to receive a visu a l im pres sion; "visual performance" involves interpre tation by (lie brain of the v isib ility stimulus that it receives and the outw ard m uscular reaction w hich results therefrom ; In other w ords, reaction tim e is o factor. T h e re are four important factors that effect v isib ility : ( 1 .) the size of detail to bo seen, ( 2 .) the tim e availablo fo r seeing, ( 3 .) the lighting and color contrast between tho observed ob ject and its background, and ( 4 .) the bright ness level of the visual field. T o some extent, theso four factors are interdependent. T h e adequncy of underground lighting cnlls for on appraisal of the task characteris tics involved in terms of visib ility. T b e "vis u al task" not o n ly involves the nature of the job itself but tho lighting environm ent pro vid ed ; that is, details of the size and shape o f objects to be seen, th e ir relatio n sh ip to background and surroundings, and so on. These must be assessed, along w ith the gen eral aspects o f the lighting environm ent, at the tim e of observation in order to define the visual task. V isu al tasks arc placed into three categor ies: ( 1 .) teloram ic, in w h ich the Important objects are at a view ing distance greater th an six feet; ( 2 . ) m rso rn m ic, in w h ic h tho p iiiicip u l ohjcel.x mu less lintn six feel, bill not less than 12 inches, from the eyes; and ( 3 .) ancoram ic, in w hich the tasks con cerned require close view in g distances. In m ining operations, the ancoram ic tasks are few but nevertheless im portant (inspection of a working face for structural features, un derground surveying, and so o n ) but tbe m ajority of tasks are teloram ic or incsoram ic. H ow ever, seldom in m ining can w e consider the problem solely on the basis o f one visual task. T h e view er performs a num ber o f d if ferent tasks and, even w hen h is p rin cip a l job involves w ork at close range, there w ill be the need also for long range vision. T h e analysis of underground visual tasks is therefore not an easy one. F o rtu n a te ly , the procedure is sim plified in that m any of the tasks underground do not call for concen trated detail ( such ns w ou ld be necessary In, say, precision m achining in a w orkshop), ) 000651 M ining Im i and there is little dlfllcgj ie jc ru tio M lg W h e n these ( m V do not coincide w ill critical detail in order p th b tatk w ork tn g le f.A p fiijv a tlo n , opposing mi. sa tis fa c to rily . m u st pvettO p\6Slflle eye's tendency to Nevertheless, bccaus iiso point n w ay fr iiin flia jo io ik tow ard (lie light :.n sources o f portable lig h t, m uch o f the visu a l T ills is a frequent cause of discoinfuil field in m ining Is not illum inated at a ll and fatigue. I t is som ething that w e have aI we find ourselves asking not " Ilo w w e ll can pericnccd underground w hen talkim I see?" b u t "W h a t can I see?" . T h e re is ob someone w earing a cap-lam p. E y e i.u viously a need for more general illum ination. was onco thought (o be caused prim .nil E xp an d ed use o f flood lig h tin g in the gen excessive uso o f tire eye m uscles conti. eral underground environm ent helps trem en vision, but a more common cause of f a dously. is tbe tension that arises when opposm; M an y attem pts h ave been m ade to m eas m u scu lar m ovem ents are stim ulated, ih< ure the ease and ab ility of seeing and to pro creating a conflict. duce an "in d ex o f v isib ility ". One prom ising In d ire ct lig hting is Uic best nu.tlm. instrum ent is tho Lu ckle sli-M o ss v is ib ility produ cin g u n ifo rm illm n liin tio n . O ne ,1 meter, used to dctcrm lno tho rclntivo visib il vantage is its cost, since cn m .id ci.il.L li; ity o f vario u s objects an d evaluate tho visu a l lost through ab sorp tion mid poor m i l. ,, task. T h e in stru m e n t observes a po rtio n of t lv ily . L ig h tin g is n fe rtile field for mi the visu al field against Its background and research. C o od lig hting is cheerful and compares it w ith the brightness o f a thresh ulating and, in m any eases, improved | old value w hen the field is only ju st d iscern i tice can be attribu ted to im proved ligh ble. A great deal of w ork rem ains to be done in applying the principle to m ining. Noise and Vibration. One approach w ould be to d ivid e the v is A irborn e sound is due to variations h & ual task in to its essential com ponents: con rnosp heric pressure a n d , for a sim ple ti trast, size, tim e, brightness and "em phasis", that is, a sound characterized by a siugli the la tte r being a facto r th at takes in to a c o f p itc h --the n u m b e r o f tim es per se. count tire degree jo f m ental concentration that tho pressure changes through a i necessary to perform th e task. C e rta in ly , re ple te c y c le is the freq u en cy of the xm search should be directed at establishing T h o assessment o f sound is on the dc some basis for visu a l perform ance of under scale. ground tasks in a properly illum ined envi M ost people feel annoyance when u u i ron m ent. w ith a noisy device or in a noisy cm i T ra v e llin g w ays bavo probably received closest attention lm t m uch depends iin m i the m e n t; in m in in g , wo linvo b e lli noi-.y ih > and n o isy iiiv ir o iiiiic n la . .Subjectfin , | | ... service being perform ed. Although lighting fort often dim inishes as tho woii.ee conn, m ay b e adequate to observe th e approach to to w o rk an d com es to accept the noise an ore tra in , the illum ination is often so ir natural background to his task, esprvi regular an d in efficient that m en are u nab le w h en he h im se lf co n trib u tes to noise thu to d iscern tiro u neven\naturo o f th e floor or h is jo b . T h is is p a rtic u la rly ap plicab le to th(T presence o f loose equipm ent ly in g about. operator o f a ro ck d r ill. T h e continual change from d ark to light N evertheless, w e are reliab ly iufou conditions, p a rticu la rly in passing from trav that part o f the adaptation of the w uiki elling w ays to w ork places, creates hot only the disturbing noise involves the cspcudn psychological but physiological problems for o f extra energy in his responses and u c some in d ividu als. It takes some time for the advised to pay m ore attention to the i eyes to become adjusted to transitional lig h t tionship between personality traits ami ing conditions. W h en an ind ividual moves ce p tib ility to distinctio n from noise. W .i.i q u ickly from a lig hted environm ent to one w ho ore bored o r m aladjusted m u lm w hich is less bright, there is an adverse e f their w ork uninteresting or difficult fect upon v is ib ility before the eyes becom e q u c n lly c o m p la in about the di>ti.i< Im,; com pletely adapted to their new environ fccts o f noise in th eir environm ent; m ment. instances, their com plaints me s im p le i.,: L a c k o f u n ifo rm ity in the visual field c re alizntions to excuse th e ir lack of sm . ates other problem s d ue to tile fact that tbo them selves and to others. eyes tend to fixate points o i intenso light. N oveltliclcss. we connnt irem . , 1067 National S a fe ly Congress re-let ions to noise, because it is know n that the accum ulative effects of prolonged expo sure arc physiologically dangerous, through loss o f se n sitivity to tones, through deteriora tion o f the hearing function of the inner ear, and e ve n tu a lly through perm anent nudiometric dam age. Psycho logical factors nro also in v o lv e d . C e rta in ly, noise serves to distract and re duce tire effectiveness of a worker and de crease his output. Interm ittent noise is tire most obnoxious, particularly during any pe riod o f adjustm ent to a new task o r in new surroundings. Evid en ce indicates t)rat, If a w orker rem ains in a noisy situation w hich distracts him in itia lly , he m ay eventually adapt to it, and regain h is o rig in a l loss of output. W h ile this m ay be so, the fact is often w rongly interpreted to m ean that, in the hint* m u , continued exposure In noise docs not have any adverse effects. Such a generalization is definitely unjustified. Some investigators have found that the ef fect o f noise on w ork output depends upon the nature o f the w o rk; a long term job re quiring constant vigilance is especially sus ceptible. T h e effect of noise is more lik e ly to be a h igher rate o f errors and accidents rather than an actual reduction in total out put. T h e attention o f the w orker wanders from tile job in band more often as the noise level increases. F u rth e r, noise is more likely to lead to increased errors and accidents if its value exceeds 90 d b ., and high frequency audible noise is m ore harm ful in this respect than lo w frequency noise. N oise an d its effects h ave given rise to much controversy in industry. H o w danger ous can it lie ? H as it a deleterious effect upon w o ike r perform ance? Docs it effect certain types of w ork more than others? Has it a detrim ental effect upon w orker adjust ment? T h e in te n sity noise level is p robab ly the most im portant single factor in determ ining tire se ve rity o f exposure, b u t the duration of exposure is also im portant. T h e threshold level o f noise that th e ear can w ithstand for some tim e w itho ut audiom etric damage is of the order o f 9 0 d b . S in ce the average pneu m atic percussive rock d rill produces some 120-130 d b ., the problem is not one to be brushed aside lig htly. T h o underground m ining environment has becom e progressively so noisy that speech communication in n confined area is difficult if not impossible and, fur Ibis rcnx6n, speech interference levels aie evaluations of im por tance. Th o consonants contain most o f the inform ative values in speech but unfortu nately they are mure read ily masked than vow els because the consonant suunds ate w eaker. Noise m ay therefore m ask certain speech sounds and not others. T h e energy of the vario u s speech sounds Is d istrib u te d Over the frequency range of below 100 to above 10,000 c.p .s. T h e "s" in speech has an en ergy range of from 4,000-8,000 c .p .s.; in contrast, most o f the " ee" in speech Is dis tributed below 4000 c.p .s. Such variations In sound frequencies account for failu re of speech com m unication in noisy environ ments. Insofar as ind ustrial noise is generally un pleasant, it m ay be assumed that its correc tion w ill lead to better w o rker m orale for the Mime rcnsim th a t any con sid eration fo r tho Welfare o f employees lends to product! u fa-, vorable reaction. Interm ittent, high pitch, and high Intensity noises are tire most dis turbing so fa r as em otional reactions are con cerned. Some ind ividuals arc hypersensitive to noise and cannot m ake effective adjust ment. E a r defenders w ill in variab ly serve a use fu l purpose, but it is difficult alw ays to " sell" the p rin cip le. Personalized c a r plugs, cast for ind ividual cars, are probably more readily acceptable. T h e use o f m ufflers and machine enclosures have proved p a rtia lly effective in reducing noise levels in practice, but the noise surrounding even the m uffled rock d rill is still dangerously high. T h e greatest advan tage in relation to rock d rill noise abatement w ill probably be made through im proved de sign of the equipm ent and tho application of hiiinnn factors engineering. In every m ine, some staff m em ber should he responsible fo r the noise hazard. He should be equipped w ith noise and peak level m eters, an octave band analyzer, and other standard equipm ent and h e should be trained in th eir use and in interpreting their data. Perio dical noise surveys should he car ried out and steps taken to m itigate this nui sance to personnel, im pedim ent to produc tion and m enace to health. In m any cases, sim ple rem edial steps are effective: others present topics for research. O f p articu lar In terest, and something w e know littlo about, is tho in llu cnco o f reverberation upon nolsa levels from m achines nnd at the operator's car: this is of im portance in development ends, rises and o ilier headings. ) 00065:-" f | f ....h*.*, Closely Hied to noise is tl vibration mid its effect upon _ various parts. T h e h u m an body leal system of co n sid erab le coi a very lim ited p assive rnngo am ence of vib ra tio n , its ro le is u su a lly p assive. The physical effects of vibration on man are prim arily m echanical, effects that produce motion and re la tiv e d isp lace m e n t an d w h ic h may result in in ju ry. Biologically, the body responds to stim uli presented to its receptor Organs and, of these, the n e rve en ding s a re a d ve rse ly a f fected b y vib ra tio n . P iston-op erated p neu matic tools produce sig n ifica nt problem s, due to their vib ra tio n s w h ic h v a r y , as the strokes, horn 250 to 6 ,0 0 0 p e r m in u te . T lio Iicnsflct"* the tools u su a lly the slo w e r th e vib ra tio n rntc. T h e " throw " o f the m achine also comes Into question. M c c lin n ic u l tool vib ra tio n s can pioduco occupational disorders by in jury to the soft tissues o f the b a n d ( p a rtic u la rly the palm s), im pairing tire functio n o f Joints in the arm s (th e e lb o w s m ore th an the w rists and the w rists m ore th a n th e sh o u ld e rs ), and creating vascular disturbances (evid enced by intermittent p a llo r o r cyan o sis o f tlio extrem ities, the fingers in p a r t ic u la r ). T h o la tte r is known as the R ayn ard phenom enon, w h ich is liable to be present, in m in e rs, rive te rs and tire operators o f viWratiomd tools gener /> ally. V ib ration rates o f 2,000-3,000 per m in s ute appear to be the w o rst offenders, but much still has to bo lea riied about the sever ity influence o f th e "th ro w " o f the m achine. Human Factors E n g in e e rin g and the E nvi ronment. In recent years, attention lias been turned to Ilia co-ordination o f m ach in e design and human adaptation to the m achino itself. W hile /h e ultim ate, though unattainable, goal w ould be fo r e q u ip m e n t nnd m ethods to ba developed fo r each in d iv id u a l operator, the more p ra ctica l v ie w o b vio u sly is th at op timum conditions sh o uld be discovered and incorporated in th design o f eq uipm en t fo r groups o f w o rkers. A s w o rk becom es m ore physically dem anding, accidents m ay be ex pected to increase. T h e im p o rtan ce o f w o rk speed as a facto r in sa fe ty is fre q u e n tly u n der-estimated. O rd in a rily , w ith m ore stren uous operations, tlio speed o f w o rk fa lls off considerably tow ards tile e n d o f a w orkin g day and, as a resu lt, accid e n ts m a y not be as high from tills cause as th e y o th erw ise w ou ld bo, unless p h ysical fatig u e in tervenes. H ow - fpeerttitim ing certain HfoAsiSwff^som etjifift^'ielcarly u n co u rd in .it. -I w ith ih e capacities of the opotatm. W ill, slow speeds,"the wUrlmt m ay become. i.np.i tlc-nt, and fast speeds m ay d istract h im h. cause o f h is in a b ility to keep u p w ith tin u, In cither case, accidents can happen O n ., t.l tlio most im portant concepts in h in u .iii in tors engineering is the design o f equipm ent in terms of hum an capabilities and liin ila lions. D ifficulties arise w hen the control ol mechanisms becomes too -com plicated fm normal human actions. W ith an increasing work-productivity tempo, it follow s that e v erything must be done to design the equip, lent nnd to set up the operating p in c e d n ie so as to facilita te the greatest possible efficiency and safely. Tiieso are the aims ol human factors engineering, the application o f w ltleli can have n big itilhiciic-o upon tin future w orking environm ent. T h e re ni c si v eral points that can be more precisely state d : first, the designing engineer m ust have an understanding of the sense organs nnd tin ch aracte ristics o f hum an perception and nsponsc if a satisfacto ry operator reaction is !> be obtained from sounds, lig hts, m eters, am i other m edia in tiic operation o f equipm ent --m an h im se lf is a poor m onitor o f eq u ip m ent; second, the designer m ust not plan unreasonable demands upon (lie opeiatm ( i n , sa y , reaching nnd operating a c n n lio l <n a lever, or in clearly differentiating between tw o or m ore co n tro ls); third , the desiguei m ust bear in m ind that the operator m av nm a lw a y s be at h is peak b u t m ay su ffer ((0111 tem porary i m p a i r m e n t o f functions (through, say, fatigue) thereby causing in, I ficleucy, nnd (hat there m ay be chain'.. m functional activities as a result of aging; und fin ally, the environm ental conditions in w h ich the equipm ent nnd operators a ic to operate m ust be studied and thoroughly con sidered. A ttributing accidents to hum an h u U u s alone lias sometimes been ovcr-cniph.isiai ,| O ften, the underlying cause of the accident can be traced to poor or inadequate design o f eq uipm ent, p a rtic u la rly in relation to (lie controls. ( I t might be pointed out that greater consideration could be given to Ih. design o f controls in certain types o f 10. I. d rills from the view point of nudiomi I , ,, damage to the operator at various operating positions. Experim ents have shown that, n, some machines, there arc other than " i.I.uni ) ) ) 1967 National Safety Congress nrd" positions that w ould he less hazardous in regard to noise recep tion). 'Hie working place is only one aspect of the m il ring enviioiiincnt. T h e machine is an other am i often an equally im portant one. It follows that special consideration should ho given to range, strength, speed and ac c u ra c y of bodily movements in relation tq the de sign of m achines, including their s ly p e , size, direction of movement, speed, and the loca- tion o f ll ic ii controls. Tlte Mythological M ining Environment. M one tim e, w ork w as regarded us a physical phenomenon and productivity was the outcome of the application oh physical energy; but men are no longer considered to be m ere machines. W e expect and receive productivity through a com bination o f m en tal and physical w o rk. M ental w o rkj refers to that form o f achievem ent in w h ich remem- beiing, thinking, reasoning and judging are contributing elements, and p h ysical w o rk embraces those activities w here speed, coor dination, and intensity of m uscular response arc the m ain concern o f the in d ivid u al. M in ing Is one o f those occupations w h ere n com bination o f both physical m id m ental coordi nation is called for and, in m any cases, it is impossible to separate the d istin ctive co n tri butions m ade b y the respective factors. T h e most read ily observable effects of physical activity on the ind ividual are in creased breathing rate, pulse rate, tem pera ture, blood pressure, and oxygen consum p tion, and it is towards these physiological changes that m ine air conditioning and other physical environm ental controls are directed. Pro d uctive efficiency is bound up w ith both energy output and fatigue. P h ysical fatigue is derived from sheer physical causes and momentary " blocks" in an individual's output can be ascribed to h is general p h ysi cal condition; but w e cannot overlook the m ental aspects o f fatigue, one o f w h ich is boredom, w hen tin: in d ivid u al feels that Iris xvork presents no challenge and w hen Iris In terest in the im m ediate accom plishm ent o f that work disappears. W hen this happens, he ends up in a m otivational conflict and his productivity suffers. T h e problems of m ental fatigue that arise from repetitive activities are not as pro nounced in m ining as in some other in d us tries. Nevertheless, they should not be over looked. An example from coal m ining in the " ' ,r> ' rtf Irktrtrrtct- T h e 000653 , ^j M in in g In it ia liij psychological effect of m echanization had small m ines, pa rticu la rly collier been noted in the longwnll m ining of narrow accident rates and increased seams, w ith the same monotonous operations were ascribed to a h ig h e r ratio oTjjffijSmage- being repeated several tim es a sh ift. T h is ap p lied p a itie iila ily to the pow er loader opera tor w ho w as called upon to (ra v e l to and fro along the longwnll face. D ifficulties and dan gers from boredom arose, but w ere overcome b y arranging for th e loader operator to rial supervision" . C u rren t sludies ^ fe n fl. to show that tire beneficial effects IS fS u lislicd under these conditions can be applied to the re-organization o f larger m ines. T h e p rin ci pal change that lias been recommended in the existing o rg an ization o f la rg e m ines is change jobs w ith one o f the " stab le " men at the strengthening o f on-the-job supervision Iho end o f each facu trave rse . T h e im por fc. or "nm nagom oiit" , b y recognizing tho w o rk ta n c e o f such psychological h ieliirs in acci ing fuco as th e b a sic u n it o f producUun m id dent prevention is well-recognized. 1 by building from thero a structure w hich Effective motivation can create a highly limits the size and d iversity o f any ono lovol dc-sirublu m ental am ) psycho lo g ical environ of m anagerial supervision. I t has been sug m ent an d , (or this reason, factors in tho mo gested th a t, fro m a h um an view p o in t, v e jy tivation of a m ining w ork-force demand large m ine organizations w ould function bet closer attention than they m ay have received ter if they w e re . In effect, a collection of in the past. M otivation of mi in d iv id u a l can " smaller m ines, each w ith a sense of individu- h e ve ry different from m otivation o f a team. ' - ality and purpose. T o d a y , m en fun ctio n both ns in d iv id u a ls and. as team members and, in in d ustrial team re In such w ays as these human relation ships, both in d iv id u a l and group, are being lationships, the psychological factors in vo lved can som etim es be used us c rite ria for vastly im proved in the U nited Kingdom coni mining In d u stry . T h e in d iv id u a l w orker feels evaluating productivity. closer identification w ith the jo b and the su Productivity varies from w o rker to worker, pervisor "senses" b elter control o f the opera and air in d ivid u a l w orker's produ ction mny tions. I t lia s been contended th a t o rg an iza vu ry h o u rly , d a ily , ur w e e k ly ; h o w m u ch lie tions can perhap s bccomo too large fo r tho produces is influenced both b y h is physical condition and by his psychological attitude i; ' individual w o rker to develop any senso of "belonging", w h ic h is an essential clem ent in to em ploym ent. D ifferences in production >- full w orker coop eration. 1 rates between groups o f w orkers are usually, A t this ju n ctu re , I w ish to refer rooraen- greater than differences among the Individu als form ing each specific group. W h en varia tions in achievem ent an d response v a r y from 6i' tardy to th e psycho lo g ical aspects o f accl: dents and o f safe ty consciousness. T h e psy; chologlcnl facets o f the accident environm ent group to group com prising m en o f compara ble skills, sonic of the variations can be at-; I should receive m u ch closer attention. T h e " mere adaptation o f breezy! accid en t preven tributed to the groups them selves. Perhaps tion slogans a n d the co m p etitive registration one group has been accorded m ore self-di of lost tim e sta tistics are not good enough. rection than another, o r in one group some The " grid" theory, that was originally de- in d iv id u a l emerges as a le a d e r. I n other words, some groups become teams more st signed fo r m a n a g e ria l in terp retation, hns . been found to be ap p licab le to su pervisory than others. ' T h e increased w o rking so lid arity within responsibilities an d , it Is suggested, could be equally effective in its ap plication to safety the group often extends to increased solidar training program s. it y in ( l ir i r off-w o ik a ctiv itie s. T h is sort of tiring could become v e ry im p ortan t in llio sociological problem s o f an Isolated mining The rolo o f tho supervisor is extrem ely im portant as an en viro nm en tal factor. Is his to be an em phasis centered o n ly upon hig her com m u nity. B u t, g roup p ro d u c tiv ity may productivity? o r is it to be an em phasis on su ffer, if sociological factors a re ignored or . his subordinates' w e lfa re ? or is It to bo a treated as u nim portant--in sp ite o f Incentive paym ents that could n o rm a lly be expected to blend o f both? T h e role o f the supervisor in mining activitie s Is d istin ctly different from g stim ulate p ro d u ctivity. Stu dies in the efficiencies o f larg e versus sm all m in in g w o rk org anizations h a v e been undertaken overseas. Som e tim e ago, nolo that in other Ind ustries, l i e is confronted with w idely-spaced w ork points, difficult of ,aj . access, In u n u su a l conditions o f ro ck stru c y ture, o f lig h tin g , o f noise, and the lik e ; his is was m ade o f the com p arative success of a network o f supervisory ncHvitles. It Is his ` k iob, to m ain tain h ig h t^ & aie a n il achieve n jg h p ro d u c tiv ity --t\v A h h jflttiv c s that gu to gether. Tho Sociological Mining Environment. L e t us turn m om en tarily tn the so cin ln g ica l aspects of our m ining environment In stead of studying hum an behavior in li mis of Individual or personnel characteristics, so ciology is the study of social relation'.Lies betw een people, h i b u n s o f values, I'.o.ih, ill. vision o f labor, u u tlio iity patterns, m ul so on. T h e re is more to the behavior of liiuu.m beings than can liu explained hi terms of in d ivid u als. T h o statement by Stuart Cli.iso ^ should bo noted: " A ny industrial organiza tio n perform s tw o m ajor fun ctio ns--the eco nom ic one o f producing goods and the social one of creating nnd distributing human satis faction am ong the people under its organiza tio n . I f th e com pany's hum an organization is out o f balance, a ll o f tlie efficiency systems in the w orld w ould not im prove the output". W ill th e introduction o f new m ethod., tech niq u es an d technologies, it is cxsmUi .1 that consideration be given to both the social nnd psychological consequences of Innova tion. E v e n w ith existing methods, tlicir so cio lo g ical influences should be cxunriiicil. V e ry littlo w o rk appears to have keen done on the sociological aspects of the m ining in d ustry on this continent. T h e little Unit has been done should be studied. F o r example, an analysis o f tho psychiatric studies in an E a ste rn K e n tu c k y coal m in in g com m unity is rew arding. B u t studies o f considerable significance have recently been conducted in the United Kingdom and are being continued. One in teresting study concerns the introduction of m echanization to replace the older hand w inning methods of coal m ining. In m ain cases, a change that w as technologically efficient w as only p a itia lly successful in us effectiveness because it cut across team inuiivntions. These difficulties have g iudodly beun overcom e through tho developm ent uf more strongly-knit prim ary w o ik groups. A som ew hat related stu dy o f the iut. iconncction between workers and tlicir socin. logical interests is also available. Iiid u sfii.il safety has long been a problem in coal m in ing, whero safety depends upon an awau; ness o f Ind ivid ual nnd Inter-group responsi b ility for tho w orking conditions left for oth ers (w h o fo llo w on the next s h if t ); In .s ul close group feeling could lend tn o re M c .i 1007 National Safety Congress W ith mechanization, accidents showed a se rious increase and it w as considered that the disruption o f social groups by mechanization m ig h t b e a m ajor cause. I n an attem pt to correct this problem on the job. management took steps to rebuild the social organization o f the w o rk group off the job b y recreational incentives. A t the same tim e, they em pha sized the interdependence of tlm sh ift roups and the social organization of the m ine as a whole. W ith in less than a year, the accidents in the mines handled in this m anner de creased significantly in comparison w ith sim ila r units that did not follow these policies. T h e sensitivity o f social factors both tjn and off the job should be properly studied and utilized effectively by management. hi the evaluation o f productivity, the eco nomic, m ental, and social environm ent o f the w orker m ust be taken into account. A t one tim e, industry tended to concentrate almost entirely upon " economic considerations"-- the amount of product, the quality of prod uct, wastage, errors, damage, lost tim e, com pensation claim s, and so on. Some attention w as then given to the " physiological and p h y sica l d em and s" on the in d u stry --safety nnd injuries, short term illnesses, permanent rlh't'ls on `'i-.illli, absenteeism, and so on. In mote iw v iit years, " psychologic/d rimsiih-mtions" have been receiving sumo attention-- fatigue, emotion, monotony, job pride, work satisfaction, m otivation, personality adjust ment, etc. N ow , industry finds it both neces sa ry and advantageous to include " sociologi c a l Factors" in its considerations--w o rk e r adjustment, fam ily contcntcdncss, levels and standards of living , cultural and social amen ities, tire im pact o f adolescence, the prob lems o f isolation, and tire like. The Attiling Comm unity and the Mining E n vironment. Tire m ining industry of both Canada and Alaska is a pow erful factor in the develop ment of those countries. M any m ining com m unities, p a rtic u la rly the new er ones, arc essculiully single enterprise in their concept and are usually located north of lire strip of settlement along the U .S .A ./C am u la border. Th ese com m unities, w lrielr eonstituto " isola lc d m in ing en vironm en ts", are destined to play an even more significant role in the fu ture, particularly as the m ining industry it self expands and extends its frontier^ further n o rllrw a rd . Such m ining com m unities present certain sp ecial en vironm en tal featu res th a t m ay af- , feet the w orking and social live s o f the com- . m u n ity--tire m in ers an d th e ir fam ilie s. In th eir developm ent and structure, these com m unities lo llo w b ro a d ly ih o sam e p attern as . the m ine that they serve: the reconnaissance, , V the developm ent nnd, fin ally, the productive s or m ature, stage o f estab lish m en t, in each of w h ich m anagem ent, in its relatio n to the com m unity w o rk -fo rce, can face problems . }. differing in scope and in intensity. : 1 T h e com position o f these la te r d a y com- ' in an itie s varies from those o f th e e a rly set tlers In N orth A m erica. R eplacin g the small free trade in d u stries o f h u n tin g and fishing, '> m in ing com m unities are clo se ly related to ih o expanding in d u stria l g ro w th o f the cities, ;< in th at th ey re ly upon v e ry m u ch the same ' type o f labor and sk ills as th e ir urban coun- , tcrpnrts. F o r th is reason, some degree o f ur- ;| bunity is essential to these n ew communities since, in order to com pete w ith city-based i n d u s t r i e s , h o u sin g , am en ities, and sa la ry /w a g c scales m ust be ad eq u ately at- !,-; tractive. V: In order to m in im ize the problem s arising ` j 1 from the m o b ility o f la b o r an d la b o r turn- ->/ over, m ine m anagem ent is finding th at it must givn im nn than ein .sm y ih o iig h l, liu l only in i housing m id am en ities, but lo thesocial ami , com m unal life o f the m in e w o rk-fo rce. Gov- em in en ts also h a ve an im p o rtan t environ- l.y m ental p a rt to p la y throu gh th e provision of roads, educational andcom m unicativefacili- V . tics, and the like. It has been said (h at inadequate planning * has been n fe a tu re o f m a n y o f the isolated m ining com m u nities even in th e recent past, and proposals fo r th e fu tu re suggest that the essential aspects o f com m unity development', A , w h ic h should p erh ap s re ce ive closer atten-.: :%, tion include sitin g, planning , administration, housing p o licies, recrea tio n , com m u nity insti- '> tutions, and p u b lic relations. I t is essential to d evelop a fu ll apprccla- ;; ; lion o f (he socio lo g ical off-the-fob factors to 1> be introduced in to tlic concept o f mining towns o f thu fu tu re . E m p lo y e e s should be . encouraged to en ter upon n il phases o f their : $*; social en vironm ent ns fu ll co m m u nity partlcl-. pants, freed from an y form o f com pany po- _ Utica! pressure, nnd should be encouraged to act nnd behave ns citiz e n s. M anagem ent and f men both have a part to play in community B ' affairs an d , in a co m m u n ity sense, m ust each r^ ' ) "'feu.- 000654' a lining In d iiiiiy Contribute to the other's overall one w hisllorr'Tiis m aster? voted" T h e : tion. should he a "buffer" by Way h i a nature belt In single enterprise com m unities tnc between' the township stferknd the opera relations co u ld w e ll becom e, in i (Ti i|p iit r r ' tions site to reduce such m p tn g c in c n ts . inunlty relations because tire com pany comes Strenuous efforts should ho m ade co n cern into contact w itlr the m iners them selves and ing recreational facilities, cu in im m iiy-rim but w ith th eir w iv e s an d c h ild re n os w e ll. I n the com pany-supported, to ca te r fo r o ff-w o ik le i early stages, the com pany has often been sure periods. Shift work presents its own so called upon to p la y the com bined ro le of cial problems in airy case, hut it can also re employer, bn n ke r, c h ie f taxp aye r, h om e pro d uce a cce ssib ility to recreatio n al fa c ilitie s vider and local governm ent, a role w h ich has unless special arrangements m e made. C u r- sometimes led to d ifficu lt social relatio ns be ernm ents have a vita l interest in isolated tween company officials and '`townspeople" . m ining communities, w h ich , b y coining into Under such conditions, tho company m ay being, constitute loci o f further national d e have been im pelled to assume a paternalistic velopm ent; it is im portant that up-to-thc- attitude towards its employees and th e ir de m lnute news or the N ational H ockey League pendents, in an effort to m ake th e co in in u -*'- -games can be enjoyed, not o n ly in C h ica g o nlty "one happ y fa m ily ". and M ontreal, but in the most Isolated m in "Keeping the w ives happ y" Is often a d if ficult organizational problem . W ive s develop feelings o f claustrophobia, no tably in com munities in the m idst o f or up against m oun tains, or surrounded b y forests or the rela tively barren C anad ian shield. F o r personal contentment, w ives enjoy the ability to shop, to have a "h a li- d o " , to p a rtic ip a te In c h u rc h or recreational a ctivities a ll o f tho ye ar round, and to feel th at th eir ch ild ren too ore In an adequate social environm ent. Som e are ronfrontod w ith tho predicam ent o f adoles cent youth, w ho, growing Into adulthood In an Isolated com m unity, are faced w ith a d i lemma that the c ity youth' does n o t encoun ter-anxiety regarding a futpre vocation, or merely the future (p a rtic u la rly in relatio n to daughters), education (p a rticu larly second ary and higher e d u catio n ), and so on. These aro tho problem s o f th o m in e r and h is fa m ily as a u nit, g iv in g rise to an xie tie s w h ic h m a y be carried on to the jo b . C o m p an ies a re fin d ing it beneficial to m ake e v e ry effo rt to assist family units to overcom e these problem s which, through th e ir im p act, could h ave ad verse psychological an d socio lo g ical effects upon com pany operations. ing com m unity. T h e automobile straddles the distance be tween the isolated com m unity nnd ils nearest neighboring largo centre, if h ig hw ays are provided. M iners arc able to relax arvay from the m ine at reasonably frequent periods. One gathers that it is the view of tho plan ners o f some o f tho new er isolated co in in n n iticJ that. If properly used, lire town's Setting amongst tire trees, rocks, w ater, and other n atu ral features could bo so developed as to encourage the company employee and h i. fa m ily lr> think o f i i i d r <uu im iiu ity umru ,c. a resort than us a intniutmo city. I f etti/ens could be persuaded to accept such a view of livin g in an isolated com m unity, m uch could probably be done to im prove the com m unal environm ent, w h ich impinges upon the dayto-day m ining activities. In C anada and A laska, w here tho (ionti>'is o f m ining are pushing fu rih er and further northwards, and where m ining in the future w ill calf for tlic solution of the problems of " arctic" m ining, the upper echelons o f m an agement are now realizing the im pact that these sociological and com m unal problems w ill have on the exploitation of this co n ti nent's m ineral wealth. Fea sib ility studies of In the isolated m ining com m unities, one the future must embrace not only the tech ni sometimes hears the co m m e n t: " W h e n you come hom e from tire m in e , the m in e com es cal and economic factors, but the hui.i.m factors as w e ll. Necessity w ill force, the witlr you" . T ills reflects (lie m en tal attitud e d o v e ta ilin g o f these facets o l oigatiizath m .il of both the m in e r and h is w ife . I t is p ro b a behavior. H ot necessity should not be the bly more em phatic if the liv in g quarters are only im p elling m otivation and the m ining in within ear-shot o f tho com pany w h istle or if dustry as a whole should, under the ooint.t) the m iner live s in o com p any-ow ned house. conditions o f its expanding existence, a p The w histle itself h a j been know n to create preciate the Importance of these factors ,im l problems through resentm ent b e cause , in the jingle enterprise co m m u nity, t/iere Is only th e ir com posite contribution to the opcm tional environment. ) ) J9B7 National S afe ly Congress Conclusion. In tliis review , a num ber of topics, w hich a few years ago w ould not have been consid ered relevant to the m ining environm ent, have been discussed: some o f the topics would have been considered beyond the scope o f the engineer and engineering m an agement. It is passible that little new has been introduced in to in d iv id u a l e n viro nm en tal lacets, but tire review w ill have served a useful purpose if it has brought the several facets together and demonstrated tlie ir inter relationships insofar as the total environm ent of our industry is concerned. in tin* past, m ining engineers h a re not been called upon to stu dy clo se ly th e p sy chological and sociological problem s o f their own industry and even physiological aspects have not been as fu lly appreciated as the background to m any of our p h ysical environ mental controls should dem and. To d a y, we are realizing that they arc im portant, not only in day-to day policies o f safety and ac cident prevention, but in routine processes of personnel control and personnel manage ment. T h e engineer is rap id ly expanding his knowledge and h is influence into these newer fields, because feasib ility studies of new m ining ventures recognize them as fa c tors in the u ltim ate success o f th e enterprise. Educationally, tire m ining engineer must he trained to think in these broader term s. H is is often the decision on problem s that em- bracc, or are influenced by, o ilier training and d iscip lin es w iiic ii im p inge upon bis osvn professional responsibilities and w h ich aro com ing moro and more in lo his orbit. 1 nm impressed by botlr the potential and tho problems of the north, problems w hich lie w ith in the sphere of responsibility o f the management o f single enterprise com m uni ties, of w hich the m ining industry provides the prin cip al examples. I consider that an understanding and fuller appreciation of these problems should be includ ed In the present day training of m ining engineers, ~ upon whom w ill fall the future task of plan ning, arid bringing into production, the min eral resources o f tills continent. E v e n established m anagem ents m ay And it beneficial to recast their thinking and modify th e ir approach to in d u stria l problem s that are constantly in a state o f change as indi- vidunls and communities develop th eir self- > expressions and m odify th eir attitudes to w ards environm ental conditions. In m any of . tho older mines, it nm y perhaps be difficult \ to ad ju st fu lly to the changes an d tem po, not " only o f newer technological development, bu t present day trends in social and person- j a lity adaptations. T h e management o f newer f m ines can grasp the opportunity to analyze and benefit from the broader approaches. In our joint planning, as m ining engineers con- . cerucd w ith the training fo r, and application o f, o u r profession, a ll aspects o f d ie miner and his environment m ust necessarily b e ' considered. ) ft.tr OOOGiii M ining lm lu\t:y THE NEW FEDERAL SAFETY LEGISLATION AND Y fnjjl OPERATIONS J B y R O B E R T H . M cP IU L LA M E Y Ass't. Solicitor, M ines and C o al Research , Office of the Solicitor, U .S . Departm ent of the In terio r, W ashington, D .C . A n interest in safety In a ll phases of in tion o f health and safety in metal and dustry, p a rticu la rly the m ining industry, is nonm etallic industries. manifested in various forms of positive a c 2 . T h e A c t provides for a modified joint tion to prom ote an d im prove safety an d is F e d e ra l-S ta te program o f Inspections w h cie being carried on b y individual com panies, an agency o f the state has adequate legal mining associations, safety organizations, m i autho rity to enforce its ow n existing lieallh neral trad e associations, em ployee org an iza and sa fe ty standards w h ic h in lire judgim nt tions, and by agencies of tho Statu mid f e d j. of (lie Secretary o f the In te rio r air: srtlc.laii- eral governments. lia lly ns effective ns the m andatory stan d ard s One m ethod of positive action in the field prom ulgated and adopted b y the Secretary, of mine safety is the enactment o f a la w . and w h ich provide for inspection at least a n Th is method does not alw ays meet w ith u n i n ually of mines other than quarries and sand fied agreem ent w h en tho la w provides fo r an d g ra ve l p its that aro subfect to the A ct. the en try o f the F e d e ra l governm ent in to a T h is aspect o f the la w affords the op portu field o f a c tiv ity , w h eth e r it is in m in ing a c n ity fo r, and em phasis on, the developm ent tivities o r sotiio o th e r1industrial a c tiv ity. and adm inistration o f health and s a l.ty Some w ou ld prefer that each segment o f an codes, standards, or regulations by the Ind ustry. develop its ow p safety program s, States. T h o State p lan provisions of tiro Act adapted to its o w n p e cu liar conditions--in w ill be discussed la te r in m ore d etail. short, "self-policing" . O thers w ould prefer 3. T h e Fed eral government is further in that authority to develop and adm inister jected in to th e program o f positive action in safety codes, standards, or; regulations be le ft the are a o f h ealth and sa fe ty research, (ru in at the state or local lev^l. T ire position is ing and tho collection, com pilation, and taken by some that tire activities of the F e d an alysis o f nccidcnt statistics. T h e Act pm- eral government should be confined to im vides that expanded program s should he de proving health and safety research, training, and d ie co llectio n , com pilation, and analysis veloped for the education and training nl em ployers and employees in the recognition, of accident statistics. T h o Fe d e ra l M etal and avo id an ce , and prevention ot accidents <>i N onm ctalllc M in e S a fe ly A c t is a com posite u nsafe o r u n h cn lth fu l w o rk in g conditions in of all those v ie w s , and (hero is room for a ll the m in es. T ir e use o f ih c te rm "expaodi >1" to operate co n cu rre n tly. ' program s is a recognition of what the l)u T h e purpose o f tho A c t is to prom ote rears of M in es has been doing for year s, with health ary] safety in m etal and nonm etallic the cooperation o f em ployers and em ployer>. mineral industries; or, expressed in a d iffer T h o A ct further provides that operators oi ent m anner, to reduce the acciden t rates and- m in es sh a ll su b m it, nt least an n u ally and at improve health and safety conditions in m in such oth er tim es as the S c cre ln ry o f the In te ing and m illin g operations. rio r deems nccessnry, reports o f accidents, Having expressed a puipose w hat does the Act do to accom plish it? in ju rie s, occupational disenses, mid re in . .1 data, and the inform ation obtained h u m these reports shall he com piled, analyzed, 1. I t establishes a Fe d e ra l program o f sys and p u b lish e d , e ith e r in su m m ary or detailed tematic inspection of those operations of form . A ll the inform ation and reports m ay la: each m ine the products o f w h ich reg ularly p u blished and released to a n y interested pi i- enter com m erce, or the operations of w h ich son arid they slu ill he m ade a v a i l a b l e I .r affect com m erce, m ill it requires the d e ve l p u b lic Inspection. opment, prom ulgation, and enforcem ent of 4. W h ere does "self-policing'' (it ittln tin: health and safety standards. T h u s , the F e d pictu re? S tan d ard s m ay h e developed .uni eral governm ent Is Injected into the pinm o- p ro m u lg a te d ; sta tistic, m a y he r o u i u d f - l <, ) ) ) 967 National Sujet y Congress O FFICERS OF THE MINING SECTION r-v. Visual Education C om m ittee--W a l t e i Agents, liih h ln g , M in n .; H . J. A n n i li n r ' ..i .... . . . . '...i . . T 00065(; ^ ling fn d tn iri, National {Safety Council 1967-68 General Chairman--llcnmni M . N iu ., T h e ]Inline M in in g C o ., A gen ts, Iro n R iv e r, Michigan. Chairman-Elect--Allen D . L ook, U . S . Bureau o f M in es, D u lu th , M in n . Second Vice-Chairman--\ l . H . F iiXs ia i, M ines A ccid en t Preven tio n Association of Ontario, North Ray, O ut., Canada. Third Vice-Chairman--R o y G . St o t t , U . S . B ureau o f M in es, W a sh in g to n , D . C . Secretary--II. C. P l im p t o n , U . S . Bureau of M in es, Salt L a k e C it y , U ta h . Panel I Chairman-Elect Engineering Com m ittee--C i n n i .t s C . H ilton (C h a irm a n ), U . S. S m e ltin g R e fin in g Sc M in in g C o ., S a lt L a k e C it y , U ta h ; L a n n v S . H an sen , Northwestern M in in g D e p artm e n t, A m erican Sm elting & R e fin in g C o ., W a lla c e , Id a h o ; N e i l H . D uke, . H ccla M ining Com pany, llc lre r C ity , U tah; E . W ard U ictiA itos, Tiro Ila n n a M ining Com-. p a n s, Agents, Iro n ltiv e r, M ichig an; D an T havis, U , S. Sicci C o m p an y, Jefferson City, T c n n .; Biiuce M u ll, E r ie M in in g C o m p an y, Ilo y t L a k e s , M in n .; M aiw in E . Johnson, ' T h e A naco nd a C o m p a n y, B u tte , M o n t.; F red C . M ich els, W h it e P in e C o p p e r C o ., White P in es, M ic h ig iin ; R o m m J ohnson, M iam i C o p p er C o ., D iv . Te n n e sse e C o rp ., Miami, A rizo n a . Assoclations-Publlclty C o m m ittee--J o s e p h H a l l (C h u in n n n ), R eserve M in in g C o ., S ilw -i Bay, M in n .; C e o iig e O . A iic a l l , J i l . E . M . W o rld M ining, Brussels 5. B e lg iu m ; h i i m it K noulock, M ining Congress Jo urn al, W asliingto ii, D . C .; A lv in W . K noi iu i, Jsug iiircring and M in in g ju u rrm l. N e w Y o rk , N . Y . ; C h iu s M a m e n , C a n ad ia n M in in g J u u n r a l, C a u l , n- ; vale, One., C a n a ria ; R i c iia iid N . P a Ol l , T h e H an n a M in in g C o .. A gents, Ifih h in g , M in n .; I J. C . Hic k a iiy , International N ickel Com pany, Copper C liff, O u t., C anad a; D a v iii N . Skillings, S k illin g s M in in g R e v ie w , D u lu th , M in n .; W . J. T iiiesen , R c p u h lic S te e l C o rp ., i Port H e n ry , N ew Y ork. a Panel III Third Vice-Chairman Program Co m m ittee--Rooeot W . Van E veiia ( C h a ir m a n ) . Am erican M in in g Congress, W ashing ton, D . C .; H . D . Stott, C a lu m et & H c c la . In . ] Evanston, Illin o is ; J. W . J effries, M ines Accident Prevention A ssn, o f M an ito b a, liman 818, W innipeg, M anitoba, Canad a; W esley G . Johnson, Inland Steel Co m pan y, h i. ' periling, M ich . 'Membership C om m ittee--T . T . Finder ( C h a ir m a n ), U ta h D ivisio n , K c n n c c o tt C o p p e r C o rp . Salt L a k e C ity , U ta h ; D . W . Henry, Ile c la M ining Com pany, W a lla ce , Id ah o ; J. 1 D o y l e , M acLeo d C o ckshutt C o ld Klines L td ., Ccratdlon, O ntario, C a n ad a: R o m iu ' B a l o e c k , International Salt C o m pan y, C la rk s Srm im it, P a.; J . F . M o r g a n , Stauffer C ln u. . leal C o m p an y o f W y o m in g , G re e n R iv e r , W y o .; E . P . Srrouu, C h ie f, D iv . o f A t t id . nl j Prevention & H ealth , U . S . B ureau o f M ines, W ashington, D . C .; J o s e p h T . M o i i t i m i u , Hay M ines D iv ., Kcunocott Copper C o rp ., H ayden, A riz. Hygiene and Ventilation Com m ittee--J. B. Bow en (C h a ir m a n ), E r ie M in in g Company,'' H o y t L a k e s , M in n .; R . J . S eaM-e , U. S . B u re au o f R e c la m a tio n , S a lt L a k e C it y , Utah; W . A . Bahosw icii, D ep artm ent o f M in in g Sc A p p lie d G e o p h y sics, M c C ill University, ' I Entertainment C om m ittee--E v e r e t t W h ite (C h a ir m a n ), M ine S a fe ty A p p lia n c e s C o , '/ P ittsburgh, P a .; F . D . \ | ' o l e u e n , U . S . S te e l C o rporatio n, V irg in ia , M in n . M o ntreal,, Q u e bh e c, C a n a d a ; D onald L . W aihinehii, mm .od., De p a rrttmmeen t oorf Iin dtiu sntruiaul Mmemdi >rr .'i 1 cine, E a s t RP a n g e C lin ic s . *L id' .. "H o y t* *L a k1--e s , rMt ii-n-n--.;i ?E.i.iwr tacuidi rDt re'siRi io. c- iiiieciis.UUnnitietde dStSattaetses B V a D is tric t R c p re se n fn tlo e j--N o rtheastern D is tric t, Jo seph I I . W eekes, N e w Je rse y Z in c C i.m - G yp su m CCoo..., C h icag o , 111.; T . E . N ew kirk, M e ln ly re -P o rc n p in c M in e s, L t d ., Schumacher, : Pany, O g den sbu rg , N e w Je rs e y ; So rith custcm D is tric t, Josf.p ii H ariiison, T en nessee Cup- Ontario, Canada. per C o ., Copper li il l, T e n n .; W estern D istrict, W . L ynn IIaiit, A inericnn S m e llin g an d ; Refining C o ., W a lla c e , Id a h o ; Sou thw estern D istric t, H. L. Johnson, C h in o M in e s Div , Ojl-thc-Jab Safely Com m ittee--A llen D . Look (C h a ir m a n ), U . S . B u re a u o f M ines, D a - - i_{ Kennecott C o p p er C o rp ., H u rle y , N . M .; E a ste rn Canad a D is tric t, I I . It. Po w n a i i , frith, M in n.: M . R , F raser, M ines Accident Prevention Association o f O ntario, North Bay,. Editor o f Panoram a, N oranda M ines Lim ite d , Norandu, Quehcc, C anad a; W estern C a n O u t., Canada; Roy G . St o t t , U . S. Rurcart of Klines, W ashington, D . C . ada D is tric t, J . D . M cD onald, M in in g Association of B. C ., V a n c o u v e r, B. C . , C a u .u l.i. r Statistics C o m m ittee--O w en B. Boland (C h a ir m a n ), C a la n d O re C o m p a n y , L t d ., Atikokin,.' O n ta rio , C a n a d a ; F orrest T . M oyer, C h ie f, A c c id e n t A n a ly sis B ra n c h , U . S . Bureau o l,. M in e s, W a sh in g to n , D . C . ; D ouclas F . C o le m a n , B e thlehem M in e s Co rpo ratio n, Com-', w a ll, I ' a .; W n .rn E ir J . P el le tie r , L a k e Asbestos o f Q u e b e c, L t d ., B la c k L a k e , Quebec, Canada. ' Research and Planning C om m ittee--` H arold F . T hom pson, A m erican Z in c C o ., Tcnn.; * H erbert A . W enoel, T ire Anaconda C o ., Bureau of Safety, liu ttc , M ont.; *J.niM i A. C ooke, Fa lc o n b rid g e N ic k e l M in es L t d ., Falco n b rid g e , O n tario , C a n a d a ; * L i n t in n C - Leonard, In la n d Steel C o ., lshp cm in g , M ic h .; * C . II. Neil, Bethlehem M ines, Ooiji , Cornwall, Ta. sr' ,' Panel U Second Vice-Chairman N ew sletter E d ito r--L o u is J . Z a v e iil , U . S . B u reau of Mines,f Nominating Co m m ittee--' H a r o l d F . T hom pso n (C h a ir m a n ), A in ericnn Z in c C o ., M m u i, D uluth, M inn. >i'| 4iv' ?.. T*een n.;: IUlEEnnBnEERnT Aa .. A. Cooke, , Fa lco n b rid Ww eennddeel , g e UN iIc. kI eJ l Tt h e IMI Ii--n Anacon es Lt>d ., da >F- a -- 1 C o ., Bureau ot Safe l>co n b rid g e, O ntario , ty C , a Butte , nad a.' Mont J ohn Training C o m m ittee-G . N a pier (C h a ir m a n ), Intern atio na l M in e ra ls Si C h e m ical Corp., E ste rh a z y , S a sk ., C a n ad a; J . A . Ben n e tt, U . S . B ureau o f M in e s, P ittsb u rg h , P a .; C . J. ; hr Staff RepresentoU oe-Cl i n To n i f . Ilo c n , N ational Safety C o u n cil, 425 N H a jc iit. A lg o in a O re P rop erties D iv ., Algom a Steel C o rp ., W a w a , O n t., C a n ad a; Ed 'i i, !. Chicago, Illin o is 60011. ' I I lasny, Potash C o m pan y of A m e ric a , Saskatoon, Sa sk a tch e w a n , C n n n J a ; Jo h n S . Kelly, I I . S . Bureau o f M ines, P ittsbu rgh , P a .; D . W . R o u g h , W a b u sh M in e s, W a b u sh , I .abra- f ' 1 " D ''"'* ' T h A naconda C om pany, B rittan n ia B each, B. C ., Canada. ` Past G en eral C h a ln n a n . M ich ie i., A ) i i OFFICERS O F THE PETROLEUM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Chairman--O. C. H a ie r , T h e S tan d a rd O il C o ., (a n O h io C o r p .) , C le v e la n d , Ohm ' Vie* G eneral C h a irm a n and N ew sletter E ditor--E . \V . Mil.es, T h e M arathon O il C o , Findlay, Ohio it Newsletter Editor--` G l e n n F . S t e d n i t z , U O P C h e m ic a l D iv is io n , M cC o o k, III Chairman--J. G . LownANCE, Service P ip e L ine C o ., T n ls n , O k la . Secretary and Cameron Award Cltairman--C. W . L is t e n , P h illip s Petroleum C o ., B a i li e s O k la . *Chairman, Dto. o f M anufacturing--J . H o w a r d S t a r k , S u n tid c R efin in g C o ., Cm pm ,;t Christ!, T e x . Chairman, Dio. o f Marketing--W . A . M a i .l o y , T e x a c o In c ., N ew Y o rk , N . Y . an, Dio. o f Pipelines--L . W . K in i s o n , S h e ll P ip e L in e C o rp ., H ouston, T e x . Chatman, Dio. o f Production, Drilling, ir Exploration--K e n n e t h V . B r o o k s , C itie s Serv e e Oil Co ., T u lsa , O kla. Chairman, Off-the-Job Safety--H arry Britt, A tla n tic llic h fic ld C o ., Po rt A rth u r, Texas I Chairman, Education ir Training--C . N . Sm o l ja n , M o b il O il C o rp ., E a s t C h icag o , Im l. a n , Health Comm ittee--D n . H a r o l d W . S p i e s , A m e ric a n O il C o ., C h ica g o , 111 Chairman, Publicity and P.ubltc Relations--B . J . L a r so n . T h e A n s u l C o ., M arinette, \V K my. Activities and Membership: A tlantic Region--A. D . Johnson, Paragon O il C o ., ig-lslnnd C it y , N . Y .; C a lf Coast R eg io n --Stanley Atherton, G e tty O il C o ., I loo . , Tex.; Great Lakes Region--A. A. F iiiimiych, U n iv e rsa l O il Products C o .. D cs Pl.nu, III.; Mld-Continant Region--Frank K . L igiiteoot, S k c lly O il C o .. T u ls a , O k la ., I'm it.. .i Coast Region--Murray Hamilton, M o b il O il C o ., T o rra n c e , C a lif. s-A t-L a rgc--W . L . A vm -:rr, M obil O il C o rp ., N ew Y o rk , N . Y .; D . F . C m \ . i , ir R efining C o ., H a rv e y , 111.; W . A . D ences, J n ., M o b il O il C o rp ., Paulsboro Hr , Paulsboro, N . J . ; Alexis de T aiinowsky, P u re O il C o m p a n y , a D iv is io n of Union ^Company of C a lifo rn ia , P a la tin e , I I I .; Roiif.rt D illsaveii, C itie s S e rv ic e C o ., C r o N . Y .; W . JC. D otson, G re a t N orthern O il C o m p a n y , S t. I 'a n l, M in n .; Paul I ) ey, A m erican O il C o ., C h icag o , 111.; J . U . Parker, H a n d ilc O il ft R efining C o , ton, T e x .; D ale Rickadauch, C itie s S e rv ice O il C o ., B a rtle s v ille , O k la .; Jo n s M ins. E th y l C o rp ., Houston, T e x . ) Liaison Representatives From Associations--L amar D euphee, Association of Oilwell Senk ing Contractors, D allas, T e x .; E . H . Fa lu n , N ational Petroleum Refiners Assn., Wuh-' l ing ton, D . C .; I . J . F isher, Jn ., A m e ric a n A ssn , o f O ilw e ll D r illin g Co ntractors, DaOat T ' T e x a s ; J . F . McKenna, A m erican P etro leum In s titu te , N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; Paul Wnt, ^ . PLAN U . S . Bureau of M ines, D allas, T e x. Chairman, Advisory and Study C omm ittee--*Roland Pryor, P h illip s Petroleum C o ., B a itle L /jijj < " Members, A d viso ry 6- Study Com m ittee--*C arl Adams, C o n tin en tal O il C o ., Hottltotfri T e x a s ; * S . R o ss Carr, G u lf O il C o rp ., H ou ston , T e x a s ; * F n E o Clauiorne, Pan Amq-vl ic a n P etroleum C o rp ., IH ouston, T e x a s ; *Parker C . F olse, M o b il O il CorportilofiT N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; * C . H . Lindberg, S in c la ir O il & G a s C o m p a n y , T u ls a , O k la .; *H . T.{ M m ik le , l 'liU li|n L'clrulujni. C u,, D n tilu v illc , O hln.: 'G lenn F. Sie l n it i, UOP C heeti D iv is io n , M cC o o k, 111.; "Quincy V . T uma, T e x a c o In c ., H o u sto n , T e x . NOW TO jA T T E N D ITMI ^-- Past Cenerai Chairmen--C, D . A r r a way, T liio k o l C h e m ic a l C o rp ., M u rsh a ll, T e x .; G. I'j! Black, S u n O il C o ., P h ila d e lp h ia , l'tt.; I I . W . Boccess, (Ret.); Walter Boon, (Ret&l A . W . Bheeland, (Ret.); J . H . Brown, ( i t e t j ; W illiam F . B u rn u s, (Ret.); H . D . E bkiu.i , \ (Ret.); D . M . F arrell, (Ret.); D . A . Klem m e, (Ret.); ] . H . M cKenzie, M o b il O il Gnp^ IS O E . 42n d S t., N e w Y o rk , N . Y . 10017; F . R . McLean, C o n su lta n t; ] . Howard M n a if (Ret.); C eorce F . Prussinc, C o nsu ltant; R . B . Roaper, (R et.) Staff Representative--C. S iu u l e y , N ational S a fe ty C o u n c il, 4 2 5 N . M ich ig an A v e ., C h ici|a' J 111. 00011. *Past General Chairm an NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRES OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CIIIC A t The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile we< for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '6 8 Congress you can meet other safety peu pi' with the same problems and responsibilities as yoursci You can exchange views and ideas on accident p re v c. tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . .o n sale in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the fan You can see the largest of all safety equipment er.lttl.it at the Congress . . . an opportunity lor you to make v/ei Informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and p i . sented by the National Safety Council, can be yo> most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety exp rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and km the other people in your organization who have salt: responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 O cto b e r 2 8 -31 u 1969 O cto b e r 2 7 -3 0 1970 O cto b er 2 6 - 2 9 1971 O c to b e r 2 5 - 2 8 1972 O c to b e r 2 3 - 2 6 n425aNOtRTi Ho...n.....a.....l........s....a.... f e t y ^c ou uu n gU i I ^ H IC A C O ^ iti 000658 ') ) OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION Nationall Safety Council 1967-68 ;i f e v {jliembership Committee--M . H| Ca., Villa Park, 111.; M ayn Supervisor, Southwestern Be1 T.Duronu of Sofoly, Chicago, 11 000G5I1 ( h iir m a tO ,,Siety Speryisor, T h e L . E . M jers fe rV ir ' (V ic e C h airm an ) , .G erfcral P lan t T ra in ili); ' C o .,.S t . L flllM r M ft.^ fA ^ |W rN P S o n , Secretilo-. i.^.ii.VKigW euulitter Com m ittee--Rodert H . W ard ( E d i t o r ) , Safety D ire c to r, O m ah a P u b lic Pow er af i ` i n ' MMuavt) v i i i w i u ; i v v u i t i Cw ovlwonn Fi . SwtiaAnnli ^e,yi (yVviicveo Cv ihi iaiiirimm aa inl /) ,,_ Suaufiectiyj Mi n an ni iaag| jec ri ,| GV Le niiebriaalt SIC Telephono C o . o f Flo rid n , T a m p a , F l a .; T hom as C . M cKklly, D ir . o f T ra in in g & S a fe ly, Laclede G as C o ., S t. Lo u is , M o. fOS-the-Job Safety C om m ittee--E rn est W . T h a w (C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty D ire c to r, C e n c r.il j p Telephone C o . o f Pennsylvania, E r ie , P a .; E ucene I I . W essells, J ii., S a fe ty Supervisor. General Chairman--Ke n n e t h Ch C recar, System Safety D ire cto r, M etrop olitan Edison Co,'-J Western M assachusetts E le c tric C o ., W e s t Sp rin gfield, M ass.; D onald N . M oohe, Safety Reading, Pa. ^ Engineer Assistant, L o s Angeles D e p t, o f W a te r & Pow er, L o s Angeles, C a lif. nfir/i. First Vice-Chairman--D. J . L o u e n z , M anager o f S a fe ty, N orthern In d ia n a P u b lic Servlet.-, Publicity Com m ittee--Bon Cooi-er ( C h a ir m a n ) , M anag er o f Personnel it S a fe ty , In d u stria l Co., Hammond, In d . I i f jC , Generating C o ., Rockdale, T e xa s; H arold R . L ew is (V ic e C h a irm a n ), Safety Program rkyj Supervisor, P acific Telephone & T e le g n jp h ^ C o , San Fra n cisco , C a lif. Second Vice-Chairman--M arviN B . T iiavis, C o rporate S a fe ty D ire c to r, N orthern N a lu n lv Cas C o ., Om aha, Nebr. ( ' ril f'.{Research Comm ittee--T h o m a s I I . E dwards ( C h a ir m a n ), S a fe ty P ra ctice s S u p e ri-Im ii. ^ ' Southern B e ll Tele p h o n e & T e le g ra p h C o ., A tla n ta , G a .; W il l ia m W . W illifo rd (V ic o S e c r c f a n / --J o h n R . Y e a m a n , J r ., D iv is io n S a fe ty E n g in e e r, V irg in ia E le c t r ic & Pow er Alexandria V a ' 0 Program C o m m ittee-W illia m J. Bryan (C h a irm e n ), Safety E n g in e e r, Mlchigan-Wlsconit^ Pipeline C o ., D etro it, M ic h .; T hom as V . Kea n e (V ic e C h a irm a n - E le c tric ), Safety Repie< sentative, Philad elphia E le c tric C o ., Philad elph ia. P a .; Alex P ierson (V ice-C h airm an -' C a s ), Safety Eng in eer, Philad elphia G as W o rks, Philadelphia, P a .; R o b e r t F . M n x a (Vioi C h a irm a n --C o m m u n ic a tio n s), G e n e rn l S a fe ty S u p v r., M o un tain States Teleph one C# D e n ve r, C o lo .: To iin T . C a ppio ( V ic e C h a irm a n --W a t e r ) , C it y o f P h ila d e lp h ia WsterJ D ept., Philadelphia, Pa. Technical Publications C o m m itte e -H e r m a n C . P o t t h a s t (C h a irm a n ), S afe ty O fficer, T L S A jl D ent of A aricullu re, R ural Electrificatio n A dm n., W ashington, D . C .; J . E . A p p o . ("W ./I __ . Y - . . . > n r . m . . . n ________________ L L 1 T 7 d r .___ n T il . n n u i t t A I tC t o s a w n ). P la n t S u p e rv iso r- S afe ty . T h e 'C h esap eake & Potom ac T e le p h o n e C o ., W ash '.inSg?*r*o0"n', . u. C. u. .;;J TT hhoomm aa ss AA-. BBrroowwnn, Jnr .., S u p e rv ilso r-S a ftecty , T h e iB e ll T e le p h o n e C o . oi ) Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, P a .; J am es D . H oac, Safety D irecto r, U n io n E le c tr ic Co. St.LLeowuis, M o. k -ic, tJTnffio Safety Com m ittee--T . L . P o w ers ( C h a ir m a n ) , S a fe ty E n g in e e r, G a s D epartm ent, ? ; Public Service E le c tric it G as C o ., N e w a rk , N . J . ; O . Hay Bowers (V ic e C hninnan).' ' Safety E ng in eer, C en tral Illin o is L ig h t C o ., Peo ria, I II .; C. R ichard C h a pin , Accident , Prevention Adm inistrator, Lo n g Isla n d L ig h tin g C o ., H ic k s v illc , N . Y .; Ilo n E n r N . H u r t . >Director, T ra in in g , Em p lo ym e n t & S a fe ty , A m e ric a n E le c tr ic P ow er S e rv ic e C o rp ., Nc\v j Yoik, N . Y .; H arry W . Becker, S a fe ty M a n a g e r, A m e ric an G as A sso ciatio n, N ew " York, 1 SMsmlnating Com m ittee-rCHARLES W . S c iiw eic k a r t (C h a ir m a n ), E x e c u tiv e V ic e P rcsid e u l. Hooiler Engineering C o , Colum bus, O h io ; W arren L . C lifton, D ire cto r o f Accident Prevention, H y d ro -E le ctric Pow er Co m m ission of O n tario , Toro nto, O ntario , Canaria; (DII| L/- VI., J Ullis D. & IVUVMDEill \ V *'v Y * "*11* , . f * Y1 It * T| v iso r-lV iso im c l, N o itlivvc slo m B e ll Tele p h o n e C o ., O m ah a, N c b r.; I I aiuiy D . H armaH s V ico C h a ir m a n - W a t e r ) , V ic o P re sid e n t A A sst. G en eral M anag er, C a ry -IIo b n rt Water * C o r p , C a r y , In d .; R aymond I. L ord, S afe ty Su p erviso r, D e tro it E d is o n C o ., Detroit a *'% Paul W indsor, S ecretary, B u re a u o f S a fe ty , C h ic a g o , I II . vH'* ' tJ.Cemcron Award Coordinator--M im vn B. T ravis. M ic h .; W il lia m E . C arlson, L o s s Preven tio n A d m inistrato r, G e n e ra l Telep h o ne & Elec-v' tronics C o rp ., N ew Y o rk , N . Y . -SPECIA L R E P B E S E N T A T IV E S : ,, T ra in in g Com m iM ee-RicHAnD V . M o le n (C h a ir m a n ), Su p erviso r-Safety Services, Coajai solidated Edison Co. o f N ew Y o rk , In c ., N ew Y o rk, N . Y .; R . P a w l B o l e h ja c k (Vtosf C h a irm a n ), S a fe ly D ire c to r, Illin o is P o w e r C o ., D e c a tu r, 111.; E rn est G . S hearer, DI- rector Safety & T ra in in g , In d ia n a Statew ide R u ra l E le c tric Cooperative, In c ., Intlianapolb, J JAaierlcon C as Assoclatlon-CuN T L . Pendleton, Asst. Safety M anager, N ew England I W n W-. Sendee C o ., Boston, Maas, j i . Amerlcfn Public Power A s m .--H iram G . T r ip p , S a fe ty D ire c to r, Chattanooga E L c i r i . g*-. ' Power B oard , Chattanooga, T e n n . In d .; F rancis E . P ayne, S a fe ty M anag er, N ortheast U tilitie s ^r !i!^e IM ?l^ ^ ar^ ? .TM '_SS??.''8'^ *A a!iriC flri W ater W orks A ssociation-Jo h n T . C a p p .o, S a fe ty O fficer, P h ilad elp h ia W a t, , Dm icE C . C allachioi, A ccid en t Prevention Coordinator, H yd ro -Electric Pow er Com m ission of O o tario , T o ro n to , O n ta rio , C a n a d a ; C iiaiiles H. M c L arty, A ssistan t Managerv p L ; D e p t, P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . 1 Jy Canadlan Electrical Association--W arren L . C lift o n , D ire cto r of A ccid en t Ontario H yd ro -E le ctric Pow er Com m ission, To ro nto , O ntario , Canada. Prvenu,, j ' i S i National Job Training ir Safety Association--E rn est G . S hearer, S afe ty D irecto r Indian , Audio-Visual Aids C o m m ilta e-V ern A . S.elert (C h a irm a n ), Safety M anager C e n e r i S M tm lie B u n t E le c tric Cooperative A s s n , la d ian a p o lit, In d . Teleplione Co . of C a lifo rn ia Santa M onica, C a lif.; John R iT H M iLLEn (V ic e Chairman),;- Staff Safety E n g in e e r, Lu m b e rm e n s M u tu al C a su a lty C o , C ln c a ^ 111.; H azen E. . S pauloinc, Safety D ire c to r, C e n tra l \ orm oni P u b lic S e rvice C o i p , R u tlan d V t .; K . C ;c C oodutn, C e n e ra i S a fe ty A d v iso r, Consum ers P o w er C o , Ja ckso n , M ic h ; F rank Sust e l l o . J r., E m p lo ye e R e la tio n s, S a fe ly & C la im s Superintendent, R eading G a s Division, ;t U nited Gits Im p ro vem ent C o ., R eading , P a .; Rodeht J . O w ens, S a fe ty E n g in e e r, Pacific - 1 A C.-IS & E le c tric C o , San F ra n c isc o , Calif. i > Cenerai Chnfrm en-1957-58, J . E . Ap p e l ; 1958-59, E . M C hase (R e t > i r v , m R . S . Lo w e ( R e t .) ; 1900-01, R . E . M cE i.downev, Jn.; 1901-02. V. I. Wo.Mi iV.nni , 1902-03, EnnoLL DuNnAn ( R e t .) ; 1903-04, P aul W indsor; 1904-05, T. F W u ,,, ., i (Deceased); 1905-00, W ; L . Clifto n ; 1900-07, C . Scihveickaiit. Staff R epresen ta tive-^a lpii M . C oe, N atio n al Safety C o u n c il, 425 N . M ichig an A ve ( in cago. Illin o is 00011. 1967 National Safety Congress Railroad St elli li OFFICERS OF THE Nominations and Elections C om m ittee--*T. L . H ildebrand (C h a ir m a n ), Soo L in e ltailiw.nl Co., M inneapolis, M in n .; * W . V . H a y s (V ic e Chairm an), N ew Y o rk C e n tral System , New RAILROAD SECTION NATIONALi SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-1968 f . York, N . Y .; * D . P . R u s s e l l , C a n a d ia n R a ilw a y C o ., M ontreal, Q u e ., C anad a. Program Comm ittee--R . P . L ittle ( C h a ir m a n ), E lg in , Jo lie t & E a s te rn R y . C o ., Jo lie t, 111.; J . L . Young ( V ic e C h a ir m a n ), S o u th e rn P a c ific C o . ( T & L L in e s ), H o u sto n , T e x a s ; ) . R . Bannerman, C a n a d ia n N a tio n a l R a ilw a y s , M ontreal, Q u e ., C a n a d a ; G . M . Coate, B i l l i/.'; Ry. C o . o f C h ic a g o , C h ic a g o , 111.; J . T . Andrew, G re a t N orthern R a ilw a y , S t. P a u l, M im i; General Chairman--D. K. M iller, T h e Southern P a c ific C o ., San F ra n cisco , C a lif. J. C . Mackenzie, T h e A laska R ailro ad , Anchorage, A laska. >?(; Vice Chairman--W . \V . O suo^ink, N orfolk & W estern l l y . C o ., Ilo u n o kc, V n . fablicatlons C om m ittee--N . J . A n d r e w s (C h a ir m a n ), Illin o is C e n tra l R a ilro a d , C h ica g o , 111.; Vice Chairman--R. P . L ittle! E lg in , Jo lie t & E a s te rn R y . C o ., Jo lie t, 111. jji ; W . J . M c P m iX irs (V ic e C h a irm a n ), U nion R . R . C o ., E . Pittsburgh, P a .; S . W . Mosi n o t, G reat N orthern R y . C o ., S t P a u l, M in n .; O. W . Smith, G rand T ru n k W estern R .R . '-' t i . J. Go., D e tro it, M i d i .; R o y S . E n o , D e n v e r & R io G ra n d e W estern R . R . C o ., D e n v e r, Co lo. Secretary and New sletter Editor--H . A . L inderer, S t. L o u ls - San Fra n cisco R y . C o ., Spring*,;'' ;vj; ficld, Mo. I X [Training C om m ittee--J . C . B u c k i n g h a m ( b a lr m a n ) , L e h ig h V a lle y R . R . C o ., B e th le h e m , Associate N ew sletter Editors--C a n a d a : * D . P . Russell, C a n a d ia n P a cific R a ilw a y Co ., Moo-.';' tre G ! Pa.; D . D . B a ir d (V ic e C h a irm a n ), A tchison, Top eka & Santa F e R y ., C lticago, III.; *T . L H il d e b r a n d , S o o L in e R . R . C o ., M inneapolis, M in n .; J . G . B e l d i l a m , T o r o n t o , bany, C e n tra l: M iller, W estern Lin es, Southern R ailw ay System , K n o xville , Tenn. r Representative--L . W . D utton, N atio n al S afe ty C o u n c il, 425 N . M ic h ig a n A v e ., Ciri- Research and Contest C o m m ittec-E . D . lU n v iL L E ( C h a ir m a n ), C h icag o , Burlington cago, ID . 606 1 1 1 Q u in c y L in e s , C h icag o , 111.; E . I f . Blewer (V ic e C h a ir m a n ), N e w Y o rk C e n tral Systo yi r : | C le v e la n d , O h io ; W . C . L araway, T h e D e la w a re & H u d so n R a ilro a d C o ., A lb a n y, N. Ti? 'v*^*** G en eral C h a ir m e n . L . R . T illy, l 'corin and Pekin U nio n R y . C o ., P e o ria , 111.; G. M . D yer, Jr., Kentucky kr, fry"-, Indiana Term inal R . R . C o ., Lo uisville, K y . .7 ly;- A udio Visual' Aids Comm ittee--M . M . Echols ( C h a ir m a n ) , W estern Region, Norfolk 4^ W e ste rn R y . C o ., S t. L o u is , M o .; C . W . B a i l e y ( V ic e C h a ir m a n ), D u lu th , Mlssabe 4 Iim'v K ' i R ang e R y . C o ., Pro cto r, M in n .; L . E . W a l l , Illin o is C e n tra l R a ilro a d , C h ica g o , 111.; E . C. H u s k , T h e P u llm a n C o ., Ch icag o , 111.; H . A . H i l l , R ic h m o n d , F re d e rick sb u rg & Potomie R . R . C o ., Riclim ond, Va. Raihoad Highway Traffic Safety C o m m ittee -C . J . Barry (C h a ir m a n ), C h icag o , Milwaukee"; St. P a u l & P a cific R . R . C o ., Chicago, I I I .; D . F . C ik k o r d (V ic o C h a irm a n ), Chlcigl C re o t W estern R . R . C o ., O e lw e in , Io w a ; * H . C . D aulton, T h e L o u is v ille & Nashvflliy R . R. C o ., L o u is v ille , K y .; H . E . Shauchnessey, E rie -L a c k n w a n n a R . R . C o ., Clevelnd, 5 iff O h io ; * D . P . Russell, Canad ian P acific R a ilw a y C o ., M o n tre al, Q u e ., C an ad a; *W. V. J ' , H a y e s, N ew York Central System, N ew Y o rk, N . Y . H om e and O ffth e -fo b C om m ittee-J. L . Younc ( C h a ir m a n ), Southern P acific C o . ( T & L ( ' L i n e s ) , H ou ston , T e x a s ; W . B . C roome ( V ic o C h a ir m a n ), U n io n P a c ific R aih o ad , Oral-; h a . N e b r.; B . M . D e a v e r , Kansas C it y Sou thern L in e s , S h re ve p o rt, L a . ; R . W . B o w s o .*.,. ^B essem er I- t -L a k. e E r i.e nR . nR ., AG.re__e_n__v_(iIltl--e , nP .a . ;,v $ & ST.* $!(: Membership C om m lttee-F . R . E llis (C h a irm a n ), R eading R y . C o ., Reading P a.; C. K . G aocelon (V ic e C h a irm a n ), Bang or St Aroostook R . R . C o ., B ang or, M aine;' R . <Tj L indquist, N orthern P acific R y . C o ., St. P a u l, M in n .; J . I f . G ilfillan, Chicago Rod'. Isla n d & P a c ific R . R . C o ., Kansas C it y , K a n s .; S . E . C ava lieri, N e w Y o rk , N ew Hawa ii & H artfo rd R . R . C o ., N ew H a v e n , C o n n .; C . A . B m c s , J h ., M lssouri-Kansas-Texas R. R/* C o ., D en iso n , T e x a s; J . L . i Younc, Southern P a c ific C o ., ( T & L L in e s ) , Houston, Teu i; W . J. McP iiill ifs, Union IR. R . C o ., E . Pittsburgh, P a. OFFICERS OF THE WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 t General Chairman--Roy F. Po^vell, P o tla ch Fo rests, I n c ., W a rre n , A rk . Vice Chairman O Program Chairman--K. L . Gipson, G eorgia P a c ific C o rp ., P o rtlan d , Ore. Ncicslctlcr Editor--C . R . Rustf.meyer, C a n a d ia n Fo re st Products L t d ., V a n c o u v e r, B . C ., Canada. jj |j Secretary and M embership Cliairnian--H ow ard A . C u r t is , Sim pson T im b e r C o ., Shelton, W ash. Satcrnilling Com m ittee--D e n t o n Shell (C h a ir m a n ), T re m o n t L u m b e r C o ., Jo yc e , L a .; * W . M . Allison, C o u n c il o t the F o re st In d u strie s, V an c o u ver, B . C ., C a n a d a ; J . A . Bain, A rkan sas D e p t, o f L a b o r, L it t le R o c k , A r k .; ` J ames Ghady, W e ste rn W o o d Products A ssn ., P o rtlan d , O re .; S . L . CnEGOBY, P ope & T a lb o t, In c ., P o rtland , O re .; Ralph H ardinc, International Paper C o ., Lo n g B e ll D ie ., Am boy, W a sh .; L o u is B . I Ioflsciieii, W eyer haeuser C o ., T aco m a , W a sh .; C harles H . Jones, M ichigan M utu al L ia b ilit y Insurance C o ., C h ic a g o , 111.; L ionel L andry, Sou thern P in e A ssn ., N e w O rle a n s, L a . ; Georce N o n iu s, C o u n c il o f the F o re st In d u strie s, V an co u ver, B . C . , C a n a d a ; L o u is Posey, D ia mond N ational C o ., N orthw est L u m b e r D iv ., C o rin ' d ' A lta ic, Id a h o ; ` T homas L . Ras m ussen, T h e C o nn or L u m b e r & L a n d C o ., La o n a , WIs.; S ieve Sciiuukut, D ie rk s Forests, I n c ., H o t Sp rin g s, A r k .; ` Is. A . Roles, W eyerh aeu ser C o ., L o n g v ie w , W a sh . Log gin g C om m ittee--jE iin Y W . N ettervili.e (C h a ir m a n ), Southern T im b e r Operations, C ro w n Zcllerb acb C o rp ., Bogalusa, L a .; J. A . Brown, M acM illan , B lo cd cl and Powell M ver, L td ., V ancouver, B . C ., C anad a; ` Joe T . D unlop, D ierks Forests In c ., DeQueen, A rk .; R . K . Lewis, ltayo n ier In c ., Ilo q u ia m , W a sh .; JEiinY M easel, H erm a n Wilson Lu m b er C o ., Le o la, A rk .; F . J . Muscutt, T im b e r Operators C o u n cil, P o rtland , O re .; * T . E . North, R a y o n ie r C a n ad a L t d ., V a n c o u v e r, B . C ., C a n n d a; H aywood N utt, R o y 0 . M artin Lu m b e r C o ., A le xa n d ria , L a .; C . R . Potts, Fo rest Products A ccid e n t P re v . Assn., To ro n to , O n t., C a n a d a ; A . F . Robdins, C ro w n Z e lle rb ach C o rp ., P o rtla n d , O re .; John T uiiceon, Q u eb ec L u m b e r In d u strie s S afe ty A ssn ., Q uebec C ity , Q u o ., C a n a d a ; Fred W ade, N orthern In te rio r Lu m b e rm e n s A ssn ., P rin c e C co rg e , B . C ., C a n a d a ; Hamit Zweic, S t. Regis Paper C o ., Tocom n, W ash. Veneer and Plywood C om m ittee--E . E . Sutiierlin (C h a ir m a n ), G eorgia P a c ific Corp.. C ro ssctt, A rk .; * J . S . Bowman, U n ite d States Cham pion P lyw ood C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N . Y .; St a n l e y B u t c h er , Bureau of Lab or Standards, U . S . Dept, of Lab or, W ashington, D . C.; D. L . Cameron, H a rtfo rd In su ra n c e G ro u p , P in e B lu ff, A rk ,; H arry L . D uncan, United States C h am p io n P ly w o o d C o rp ., A tla n ta , G a .; Stovall F armer, C eo rgfa P a c ific Corp., C ro sse lt, A r k .; L . W . H acerup, Lu m b erm en s M u tu al C a su a lty C o ., C h ica g o , 111.; Jac* Mealey, Em p lo yers Insurance o f W a usau , Portland, O re .; W illiam N eller, H a y D iv., W cld w o o d o f C an ad a L t d ., W o odstock, O n t., C a n a d a ; W ayne Parker, H u n t L u m b e r Co., In c ., Ruston, L a . C u s R . .Phillips, Georgia Pacific C o rp ., Augusta, G a .; ` EnN re H. Reeves, Fo rest Prod ucts A ccid e n t P reventio n A ssn ., Toro nto, O n t., C a n a d a ; R. C . Smith, Cascades D iv ., U . S . Chanipion Plywood Corp., Lebanon, Ore. . Furniture and MUluiork C om m ittee--IIoiieut J . D unnacan ( C h a ir m a n ), N in th C.uuli D e p t, o f L a b o r, W in sto n -S a le m , N . C .j V . K , Anderson, K r o c lili r M a n u fa c tu rin g < Bingham ton, N . Y .; J ames M . Blandfoiu), C o nso lidated U n d e rw rite rs , K a n sas C ii> , M * R . C . CniEonEss, Cooporago D lv ., N ational D istillers Products C o ., M em phis, 'In , Roy E . J ohnson, K ro o h lo r M a n u fa ctu rin g C o ., K a n k a k e e , I I I .; * I lin n A. I . m.u ! E m p lo yers In su ran ce o f W a u s a u , W a u sa u , W is .; Pete L ea, U n ite d F u rn itu re Cm Le xin g to n , N . C . ; Barry Holliday, H ic k o ry M an u factu rin g C o ., H ic k o ry , N . C . ; C i m Schneider, A nd ersen C o rp ., B a y p o rt, M in n .; I. W . S i n r r r , Jo s . E. Seagram & Son s, b : N e w Y o rk , N . Y.; W . D . W illiam s, K r o c h le r M an u factu rin g C o . o f K e n tu c k y , Lo u is c c ,j Ky. i' Liaison with Cooperage A ssociation-!. W. Sinrrr, Jot. E. Seagram &Soni, Inc., New Y< 1 N.Y. ( Coordinator-Cameron A w a rd --' T homas L . Rasmussen, T h e C o n n o r L u m b e r & L a n d ( j , Laona, W is. * Nominating C om m ittee--*T homas L . Rasmussen (C h a ir m a n ), T h e C o n n o r L u m b e r & L:< i C o ., L a o n a , W is .; *James G rady, W e ste rn W o o d P ro d ucts A ssn ., P o rtla n d , O re .; * J . j Bowman, U . S . C h am p io n P ly w o o d C o rp ., N e w Y o rk , N . Y . Staff Representative--E dward J. Sedlacex, N a tio n a l S a fe ty C o u n c il, 4 2 5 N . M ich ig an At ! Chicago, Illin o is 60611. 'Past General Chairm an. i I I r OFFICERS OF THE TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 ........,, ___ ___________ ,, . , . . i u c c - u m N N u . r l e m inc ( C h a ir m a n ) , C o rp . Safety . Director, Celanese Corporation o f A m erica, Charlotte, N . C .; *M s. I da C . A v er s, Asst, to D irector of Personnel, C o llin s & A ikm an Corp., Albem arle, N . C . Rules a n d R eg u latio n s C o m m ittee--W . C . C r e e l (C h a ir m a n ), S o lc ty D ire c to r, N o rtli Carolina D ept, o f La b o r, Raleigh, N . C . General Chairman--1. M . D avidson, 1 D ivis io n Insurance Com panies, A tlanta, C a . | - E n g in e e rin g M anager, Am erican t | Contest Committee--* E . L . F e r m e n t e r (C h a ir m a n ), Senio r D iv . S e rv ic e R ep re sen ta tive , Mutual JJ dS Loss P ro vcn tio n D e p t., L ib e rty M u tu a l In su ran ce C o ., Spartanburg, S . C . ; It . W . L ank, J r ., Plan t M anager, P .F .M . D ivisio n , Johns-M anville Products C o rp ., M arsh ville , N . C Vice Chairman--L y m a n C u n n in c h a JW, S a fe ty D ire c to r, E . T . B a rw ic k M ills , LaFayette, G a. j S e c rc ia ry -R n u N O J . D ycdon, Personnel A d m in istra to r, Jo a n n a W e ste rn M ilk C o ., cago, IU . Newsletter Editor--J ames F . Jones, A sst, to M ana ger, E n g in e e rin g D e p t., A m erican tual Insurance Com panies, A tlanta, C a . In c .,''; ' Chl- ;'^1i Mu- ' i Nomination Committee--G in A. Booker, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Textiles !. Div., Pensacola, Fla.; B. S. Sthenctii, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Textiles , ! Div., Greenwood, S. C.; Mns. I da C. Ayers, Asst, to Director of Personnel, Collins A ; Aikman Cotp., Albemarle, N. C , j i. Advisory Committee--B. S. Strength; G uy A. Booker; Mns. I da C. Ayers; A. E. Con nelly; F orrest N. Petty; E. L. P ermenter; H. S. Baucom; C. L. T rom m eii; n . I. Barr; Glenn G. F lem ing; John G. Sayers. . Engineering and Health C om m itlee-S. L . Swearencin (C h a irm a n ), Supervisor Safety ; : and P la n t P rotection , F ilie r In d u strie s, In c ., S a lis b u ry , N . C.; * A , E . Connelly, Safety I Staff R epresentative-T h o m a s F. Pow Ens, National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan . Avo., Chicago, IU . 00011 Supervisor, E . I . d uPon t de Nem ours and C o ., M a rtin s v ille , V a .; W . E . Vinson, Amer- ' y ic.m M utual Insurance Com panies, Atlanta, G a . J ` Past G eneral C hairm an Education and Training Com m ittee--FnED L . T iiackston ( C h a ir m a n ) , C la im s Adjuster, A bn ey M ills , A nd erson, S . C . ; Raymond E . Mack, S a fe ty S u p e rv iso r, Fire sto n e Textiles, Inc., G asto nia, N . C .; M us. O live II. C ooliiice, P e rso n n e l M an a g e r, D ou gh bo y Plastics ; ! Prod uction, In c ., W e s t H o lcim , A r k .; W . P . C rier, J r., S p rin g s M ills , In c ., F o rt M ill, S. C. 1 M embership Com m ittee--V m ciL E acells. D iv is io n S a fe ty D ire c to r, B c a u n it F ib e rs , Be- I search T ria n g le P a rk , N . C . ; FnED D errick, S afe ty S u p e rv iso r, S o u th C a ro lin a Industrial ; Com m ission, C o lu m b ia, S . C .; *H . S . Baucom, D ire cto r o f S a fe ty , N orth C a ro lin a Indus trial Com m ission, Raleigh, N . C . Synthetic Fiber C om m ittee--R obert I . Barr (C h a ir m a n ) , S a fe ty S u p e rv iso r, I R C Fibers j D iv ., M id lan d -R o ss C o rp ., P a in e sville , O h io ; * D . S . Strength, S a fe ty S u p e rv iso r Mon- j santo Com pany, Greenwood, S. C . f ft Cottar. Ginning Com m ittee--Kobert Collins (C h a ir m a n ), E x e c u tiv e V ic e President. Ar- kansas-Nlissouri Cotton G in n e rs A ssn ., W est M em p h is, A r k .; A R TH un B . Bond, Educa- i lion Specialist, Production & M arketing D iv ., N ational Cotton C o u n cil, M em phis, Tenn.; ] Vluno.n* P . Moore, E n g in e e r in C h arg e, U . S . D . A . G in n in g R esearch L a b ., Leland, Miss.; Alfred M . Pendleton, Exten sio n A g ric u ltu ra l E n g in e e r, D a lla s , T e x a s. Otf-Tlic-Job Com m ittee--C harles L . T hommea ( C h a ir m a n ), C o rp o rate S a fe ty Director, M ohasco in d u strie s, In c ., A m sterdam , N . Y .; * C u y B o o k e r , S a fe ty S u p e rv iso r, Monsanto ; Com pany, Pensacola, Eia. Fire C om m ittee--J o h n M . M c A l i ' i n e ; (C h a ir m a n ), S u p e rv iso r of S a fe ty and P la n t Pro tection, Celan ese F ib e rs C o m p an y, R o ck H ill, S . C . ; *F o R n E S T N . Petty, S afe ty and ; Benefits, D an R iv er M ills, In c ., D an ville, V a. 1