Document 3J9kJ0DvYzzELkzmEOz2R664D

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1939 Mar 23 DOC IHF090 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION References to Recent Literature on Industrial Diseases \e 210 # Air Hygiene Foundation of America 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pa March 23 1939 Inc. fs . wa Nai pee One cal REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES A News Items 165 OCCUPATION AND HEALTH Supplement International Labor Office Geneva 96 pp September 1938 Obtainable from International Labor Office 734 Jackson Place Washington D.C. Price 5.00 por 500 pages Supplements to the two volumes Occupation and Health are issued biannually The present work various subjects the second supplement of 1938 contains eleven brochures on Abstracts of nine of the important papers are included in this Bulletin 166 INCREASE IN NUMBER OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CLAIMS IN CHIO DURING 1937 Anonymous Ohio State Med Journal 35 329 March 1939 The number of claims increased from 1,388 in 1936 to 1,694 in 1937 As usual skin diseases were responsible for a large percentage of the claims filed There was an increase of 95 claims for lead poisoning largely from 3 plants manufacturing automobile bodies where ground lead was used to fill cracks and scams in the bodies Six claims for silicosis made compensable on July 31 1937 were considered as within the provisions of the law an unstated number were classed as compensable for various reasons B Papers on Dust Dust Discases and General Industrial Hygieno 167 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE SYMPOSIUM Northwestern University Medical School Department of Industrial Medicine Chicago Ill September 26-27 1938 Proceedings published January 1939 Price 3.00 The following items are abstracts of the papers presented at the symposium which are published in one volume obtainable from the above address THE PRESENT STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL EDUCATION Carl M. Peterson The number of industrial physicians has almost doubled in the past 10 years and phases of status of the number of graduates coming in medicine is increasing annually occupational disease education in contact with industrial In reviewing the present the medical schools it is noted that this type of instruction is on the increase THE SCOPE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE RESEARCH PROBLEM Philip Drinker Research is needed as a guide towards regularly obtaining better statis- tics and better reporting of industrial disabilities of trial processes are not eliminated because a process is ful to the workmen prevention bused on research must all kinds Indusin some way harm- be practiced and this prevention always takes a little time to catch up with toxicology References to Recent Literature - 2 TRAUMATIC NEUROSIS Lewis J. Pollock Traumatic neuroses are those forms of disability caused not by any real injury but by shocks or by certain repeated processes It is a type of hysteria not always imaginary which has significance in industrial hygiene practice Diagnosis treatment and compensation of cases of this type are discussed THE PLACE OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATION IN INDUSTRY AND THE PLACEMENT OF THE EMPLOYEE IN RELATION TO HIS PHYSICAL STATUS C. D. Selby Physical examinations if worth doing at all are worth doing completely The industrial physician should be entirely familiar with all processes in his plant so that he may be able to advise the employment department in placing men especially adapted or particularly unfit for certain positions By doing his work well and completely the industrial physician can be of great benefit to his employer and to the men in the plant INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL SURVEYS J. G. Cunningham A very good general usually followed in description is these surveys given the procedure and methods They are the first essential step in an efficient program of industrial health improvement INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AND THE PRACTICING PHYSICIAN Stanley J. Seeger The practicing paratively new physician should attempt to orient himself in the vast field of industrial medicine so that he understands the com- viewpoint of those more closely connected with it The industrial physician must also admit his dependence upon the practicing physician PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE IN INDUSTRY Edgar V. Allen Peripheral vascular diseases are defined as the diseases of the blood vessels other than those of the heart itself Most of the discussion is devoted to hypertension high blood pressure and its prominence as a major cause of death in this the particular causes or the ent The discussion is more country Very little significant incidence or less philosophical has been done to study in the past and prosregarding its connect- ion with industry and modern industrial life CARDIAC DISEASE IN INDUSTRY James G. Carr The degrees of disability of those persons afflicted with heart disease is difficultto define This paper together with the discussion which follows discusses the employment of these persons in industry In cer- tain cases their work may be so changed that they are able to continue without serious effect to the benefit of both employed and employer 168 STUDIES ON THE SOLUBILITY OF QUARTZ AND SILICATES Lucas and M.E. Dolan Can Med Assoc Journal 40 126-34 February 1939 Canadian This paper deals only with the chemical side of the solubility problem of quartz and silicates Water salt solutions urine and blood serum all dissolve small amounts of silica from quartz The apparent solubility of quartz is usually much greater than its real solubility because of the presence in the native quartz mineral of impurities which are either more soluble in themselves or ronder the quartz more soluble This was the conclusion reached by resuspending some of the quartz dusts The action of water and aqueous solutions in general upon silicates is not one of simple solution but of differential leaching removal of the base leaving a residuo richer in , silica is the usual result References to Recent Literature ~ 3 169 THE PREVENTION OF SILICOSIS BY METALLIC ALUMINUM II J.J. Denny W.D. Robson and D.A. Irwin Can Med Assoc Journal 40 213-28 March 1939 Canadian The article will also be published in Industrial Medicine in April 1939 issue Reprints of the article are being obtained by Air Hygiene Foundation and will be enclosed with the Abstract Bulletin in the near future In their first paper on the subject see Abstract 390 1937 the authors showed that the addition of small quantities of aluminum almost completely inhibited the solubility of siliceous material in a beaker and that animals dusted with quartz plus 1 per cent aluminum powder did not develop silicosis while those dusted with the same quartz alone did develop silicosis The present paper reports on the further progress of this investigation It has been found that the aluminum on being converted to hydrated alumina in solution reduces the toxicity of quartz in three ways a by flocculation b by adsorbing silica from solution but c chiefly by coating the quartz particle with an insoluble and impermeable coat- ing This coating is a gelatinous hydrated alumina and has been definitely identi fied as such The amount of aluminum dust necessary to form this coating and to prevent fibrosis has pension It may in been found to be about 1 per cent of the total dust addition be inhaled independently of the siliceous in susdust Investigations as to the industrial application of aluminum dust in the prevent- ion of silicosis are being carried out 170 EFFECT OF CERTAIN IMPINGEMENT DUST SAMPLING INSTRUMENTS ON THE DUST PARTICLES E.L. Anderson Journal Ind Hyg & Tox 21 39-47 February 1939 It had been suggested in the past that the impiingemenmt pingement of dust particles in cer- tain dust counting methods fractured the larger particles giving higher counts than actually existed Certain experiments had tended to prove that this was true The author here reports on a series of carefully conducted tests which prove that there is fracturing of particles by at least three common types of instruments -- the Greenburg impinger the Bausch and Lomb sampler and the Owens jet counter Simultaneous samples were taken of an artificially generated dust and particle original size dust distribution graphs made for each of the three in addition and a settled sample Median sizes of the three counted to the samples were significantly less than those of the dust or of the settled sample 171 DUST INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY PART I EARTHENWARE POTTERS SHOPS W.A. Bloor K.L. Goodall and H.W. Webb Trans Brit Cer January 1939 British This paper describes a series of dust counts made in three Soc 38 1-25 earthenware pottery shops selected to represent those in which the cleanliness ventilation out etc. were respectively good moderate and poor The method selected for counting was the thermal precipitator which is briefly described The concentrations found by this method are expressed in particles per cc and because of this together with other differences it is impossible to correlate the results with those of the Greenburg impinger counts used almost exclusiveely xclusively in America In the present survey the counts taken are those of the general room air and not those in the immediate vicinity of the workers The values found were a maximum of 70 particles per cc in the good shop 30 particles por cc in the average shop and about 200 per cc in the poor shop Particle size distribution was studied closely and was found to vary from 0.3 to 1.6 microns During intervals for rest periods the median particle size tended to be less as the larger particles settled out more rapidly It was found that the value of ventilation lies in reducing the concentrations not in merely reducing the concentration of those particles below the dangerous size 5 to 10 microns It is thought that a threshold limit of 100 particles per cc can be reasonably attained in this type of shop but it is not known whether or not this concentration is safe from a health point of view References to Recent Literature - 4 172.DUST 172.DUST INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CERAMIC MAKING SHOPS AND DUST PREPARATION INDUSTRY PART II EARTHENWARE K.L. Goodall and W.A. Bloor WHITE TILE Trans Brit Cer Soc 38 26-65 January 1939 British The earthenware white tile shops present a greater dust problem than the shops where general earthenware pottery is made See preceding abstract In the latter the ware is made from a plastic body while in the white tile shops the ware is made directly from a finely ground dust The survey described in Port II is similar to that in Part I in that three plants were studied representing good moderate and poor dust control The method of counting this survey however the concentrations shown are those near was the the same operators In them- selves not those of the general room air In the one shop which was classed as being good the pressors and fettlers worked under well designed exhaust hoods and the concentrations in their vicinity and even in the general room air were comparatively low 51 to 77 particles per cc other two shops were much higher and emphasized Similar concentrations in the the necessity of working in pro- perly designed hoods Low general atmosphere concentrations in the good shop emphasize the value of good housekeeping adequate space and general arrangement All processes in the storage bins and crushing room areas were extremely dusty in all the plants visited 173 DUST INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY PART III SOME CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN CERAMIC DUSTS W.A. Bloor and H.W. Webb Trans Brit Cer Soc 38 66-74 January 1939 British Some dust from one of the plants described in Part II preceding abstract was collected on a filter bed of finely crystallized salicylic acid for chemical and petrographic analyses Chemically the composition of the total dust was found to be approximately the same as that of the body of the tile from which the dust air arises indicating arrangement of two that there filters in was no preferential flotation of series the first caught the larger silica In an particles plus a few of the smaller ones and the second caught only those below 2 microns in size Chemical analyses of the two samples disclosed loss silica free and combined on the second or quartz filter suggesting a that is coarser than the other large part of the silica probably constituents clays and feldspar the flint It was impossible petrographically to determine between free and combined silica in those particles less than 5 microns in size The results suggest that the most dangerous dusts are those between 2 and 5 microns and it is significant that some 70-80 per cent by number of the particles in the total dust are below 2 microns 174 PROGRESS IN DUST CONTROL IN ONTARIO MINES Clifford S. Gibson Trans Can Inst Min & Metal 42 18-28 1939 Canadian This paper reports on the progress of the work cosis Research Committee of the Ontario Mining being done by the Technical SiliAssociation see Abstract 203 1938 scious There of the is no doubt that the mining industry as a necessity for controlling dust dispersal whole is becoming more con- Marked progress is evi- dent at both old and new mines and the early consideration of the problem by the latter will undoubtedly play an important part in future reductions in the inci- dence of silicosis Many of the improvements which have been effected are simple in nature and have entailed little expenditure and companies are beginning to get away from the idea that they cannot afford to control the dust Brief descriptions are given of the methods in use and those being investigated Most notable are increase of wet drilling methods restriction of all blasting until the end of an hour shift and the increase in the use of artifical ventilation fans Another major activity of mine management is in thorough education of em- ployees regarding significance of dust and its control ; References to Recent Literature - 5 175 SILICOSIS OF ANTHRACITE MINERSR.R. Sayers Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2 12 pp International Labor Office September 1938 This brochure contains most of the data published in U.S. Public Health Bulletin No. 221 of which Dr. Sayers is senior author It describes the survey made among anthracite miners in Pennsylvania several years ago The study included complete physical examinations concentration and composition of the dust exposure and a correlation between exposure and pulmonary changes Definite and distinct pulmonary changes were found among the various classes of anthracite miners Prevention is best accomplished by reduction of dust concentrations the degree of reduction depending upon the percentage of free silica in the dust 176 TUBERCULOSIS H.C. Sweany Ill Med Hournal 74 520-5 December 1938 tuberculosis is treated in this paper not as a disease entity but as a blend of the two diseases The author discusses the development of tuberculosis in silicotic individuals Two types of cases with case histories are described one in which tuberculosis is contracted after exposure to silica the other in which silicosis is superimposed upon tuberculosis Clinically the former case was diagnosed as tuberculosis pathologically it was found to be silicotuberculosis A history of sufficient exposure to silica was questionable In the other cases tuberculosis was supposedly present before the patient was exposed to silica 177 REPORT ON TUBERCULOSIS SURVEY OF 480 TEACHERS AND CAFETERIA WORKERS IN ROANOKE CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS 1938 K.D. Graves Virginia Med Monthly 65 738-9 December Tuberculin tests were positive in 51.7 per cent of the white workers and in 69.5 per cent of the colored Three active tuberculosis cases were found An carlier test in 1937 of the school children showed 23 per cent as positive 178 INFLUENCE OF BODILY WORK ON THE MINUTE VOLUME IN HEALTHY PERSONS AND IN SILICOTICS A. Bohme Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 22-42 1938 German Healthy and silicotic persons performing certain standard types of work knee- bending stair climbing bicycle riding showdifferences in the volume of air inspired per minute during and after work Severe silicotics show a higher minute volume during and after 1-2 minutes bending but still higher values are obtained from normal excited subjects with tachypnea voluntary or otherwise The differences between the normal and silicotic subjects are variable and the number of subjects used is too small to warrant employment of means and deviations Severe silicotics sometimes require twice the volume of air while doing the same work as a normal individual mild cases of silicotics sometimes show no differ- ences The important source of error is the voluntary or involuntary tachypnea extremely rapid breathing 179 SLATE E. Streignart Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2 International Labor Office8 pp Slate is a sedimentary rock formed due to extreme heat and pressure September 1938 of clay which has undergone considerable change It is largely aluminum silicate Underground mining is more common than open mining now abandoned in most countries The free silica content of slate varies greatly most results being from 5 to 20 per cent with an occasional value nearly 40 per cent Clinical and ray examina- tions have shown a high incidence of tuberculosis and silicosis not as high however as in certain other trades The tuberculosis of slate workers is of a silicotic all slate type tending to occur at more advanced ages It is pointed has some free silica content and that dust control in slate is essential out that industries References to Recent Literature - 6 180 SILICOSIS FROM DIATOMACEOUS EARTH SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE W. Estler Arbeitsschutz pp 229-31 1938 German The author gives a survey of the use of diatomaceous earth in industry shows that this dust has many particles under 10 microns and some under Rescarch 5 microns Some authors report that they do not find silicosis in exposed workers but Herzmark Legge and Rosencrantz have found serious cases of silicosis 181 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROGRAM IN A STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT Carl A. Nau Journal Amer Public Health Assoc 29 151-7 February 1939 The author discusses the general aspects of a program for an Industrial Hygiene Division of a State Health Department Ho considers it not only from the aspect of the prevention of the known occupational discases but also with the idea in mind of improving the health of industrial workers generally He favors regular medical examinations and use of the collected data in outlining a broad pub- lic health program 182 A REVIEW OF THE MEDICAL SUPERVISION OF INDUSTRY BY THE STATE J.C. Bridge Journal Royal Inst Public Health & Hyg 1 911-22 December British In this short interesting paper the author tells the story of factory legislation in Great Britain Starting with the first Factory Act of 1833 he traces the development of State supervision of working conditions and concludes by giving a short summary of the Factories Act of 1937. The paper cannot be adequately abstracted those interested in the history of industrial hygiene should read the original 183 REHABILITATION OF THE PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED H.H. Kessler Arch Phys.Therap 19 753-6 December 1938 Crippled and handicapped persons can be treatment Where surgery is necessary made useful and happy by the ultimate object must intelligent always be kept in mind -- restoration of employability Wherever it is possible every effort should be made to return a man to his usual trade new work usually involves a lowor economic status and in every way puts a severe strain on the worker's morale 184 CONSTITUTIONAL FACTOR AND OCCUPATION G. Pieraccini Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2. International Labor Office 9 pp September 1938 The paper is a theoretical discussion of vocational selection of workers on the basis of morphological humoral physiological and mental criteria that would direct them to work in trades which would not be harmful to their health The author has in mind an extensive application of the theory but admits that it is impossible under present conditions It may be applied however in certain special cases that are more prominent in industrial hygiene work An evidence of this is the increasing application of physical examinations in industry 185 TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE HEALTH OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS DEPENDENT ON OCCUPATION H.M. Vernon Occupational Physcology 13 10-24 January 1939 British The recently published Registrar General's Occupational Mortality Supplement for England and Wales shows that the mortality rates of men employed in different occupations differ widely While the figures suggest that occupation has much influence on health the Registrar General considers that this may be more indirect than direct that it is influenced more by the conditions of life implied by various occupations than by the direct occupational risks ontailed Taking into account all cases of silicosis asbestosis lead poisoning accidents and other occupational hazards he attempts to direct occupational effects and the evaluate the relative importance of heredity social environment including nutrition as References to Recent Literature - . regards their effect on health Assuming that everyone possesses one average degree of intelligence he puts the importance of heredity at 10 occupation at 20 to 30 and social environment at 60 to 70 while when he takes into ac- count the indirect effects of intelligence he puts 10 to 20 and social environment at 40 to 50 horedity at 40 occupation at 186 EVALUATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROBLEM IN THE STATE OF TEXAS Division of Industrial Hygiene Texas State Department of Health Austin 46 pp 1939 This Bulletin presents the results of a preliminary investigation similar to those made in other states to determine what hazards if any exist in indus- trial plants in the State of Texas The survey included the study of 1700 plants selected at random from a list of 12,000 companies employing 5 or more persons It was found that large numbers of employees were exposed to organic dusts silica dust lead acids and alkalies and other potentially dangerous substances The results indicate that compensation for occupational diseases is anticipated Although most of the large companies had full time or part time medical service the physicians treat only cases of traumatic surgery and do not practice industrial hygiene in a broad sense 187 PHYSICIANS DUTIES AND RELATIONSHIPS IN INDUSTRY A.J. Tronstein Ohio State Medical Journal 35 281-7 March 1939 The physicians duties and relationships in industry are discussed under the fol- lowing headings employment examinations ambulatory illness accidents sanitation and hygiene group insurance and patients common to private and industrial practice The major problems of the doctor are pointed out These doctors should not allow their medical judgment to be subjugated by economic political social or legal pressure nor should they attempt to extend their fields of ac- tivity to such a point that they compete with private practice 188 MAN AND LABOR P. Gorens 1938 German Ztschr d Ver deutsch Ingen 82 1037-42 The author writes of the interactions between work and workers stresses the necessity of adapting the work to the man also the man to the work He em- phasizes the importance of the right vocation and good professional instruction which can be best given in the workshop 189 INFLUENCE OF DUST ON THE TEETH OF GEM POLISHERS H. Schmittner Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 123-40 1938 German The study covered 243 men engaged in the grinding of precious and precious stones and 250 men of the same age groups not engaged in this work all living in the some community The grinders showed a greater wearing down of the front teeth but fewer paradental changes in that region also less wearing down of the sido teeth and fewer paradental changes in that region The same incidence of dental caries was seen in both groups 190 MEASUREMENT OF QUARTZ BY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS F.M. Trombe Compte rend de l'Acad des Sci 207 1111-3 December 5 1938 French A method is described for determining percentages of quartz in mixtures of quartz and vitreous silica by measuring the temperature differentials when the mixture is heated to the conversion temperature for quartz 573 191 SOME BASIC ASPECTS IN THE RECOGNITION OF FLOW AND DEPOSIT OF DUSTS 0. Brandt Kolloid Ztsch 85 24-32 October 1938 German It is claimed that dust particles do not have an adherent air layer and that this fact is demonstrated by actual experiment The author sets up the conditions govorning the suspension settling and flow of dust The behavior of dust is reproduced by simple experiments and gas pressure is shown not to affect its charac- References to Recent Literature - 8 teristics The article is highly theoretical The real relationship of particle size to the behavior of the particles in a gas is not mentioned 192 COLLECTING AND EXAMINING DANGEROUS DUST WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SILICOSIS J.W. Matthews Oster Chem 41 174-9 1938 German Two instruments for collecting dust are described in one salicylic acid is used as the filtering medium the other is the labyrinth Both are probably less suitable than either the Owens jet counter or the impinger Methods for chemi- cal analysis are thon described The author concludes that dust is dangerous when it liberates silicic acid and that the simultaneous presence of alkali intensifies the damage done to the lung 193 NEW REGISTERING KONIMETER FOR CONTINUOUS COLLECTION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF INDUS- TRIAL DUST F. Lowe Chem 62 537 1938 German The author describes very briefly a new apparatus which withdraws dust continuously from the intake air and precipitates it on the ordinary Konimeter disc It can be used in any position and is independent of a source of electricity or compressed air 194 DRAGER FINE DUST RESPIRATOR K2B AND THE QUESTION OF RESISTANCE TO AIRFLOW E. Naujoks and K. Thiel Dragerheft 197 3892-3 1933 German A recently improved German respirator is described the filtering efficiency of which is stated to be 99 per cent for dust below 3 microns Its resistance to 150 1.p.m. is less than 50 mm of water and resistance to expiration is less The mask can be fitted closely to the face The authors point out that resistance to expiration must be less than resistance to inhalation and should of course be as low as possible Note the maximum resistance as allowed by the U.S. Burecu of Mines for 85 l.p.m. is 50 mm water on inspiration 25 mm on expiration 195 THE and The FLOW OF AIR AND ITS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH DUCTS Part 1. Frictionless Flow Velocity Head J.R. Swickl Heating & Ventilatin3g6 15-17 February 1939 first of a series of six articles by the author which are to appear in Heat- ing and Ventilating In the first paper the equation of flow is developed and certain elements of it discussed Then the theory and development of required air horsepower is followed through The equations discussed are basic in the hydraulics of air and a thorough knowledge of them is essential in understanding the theory of pipe design 196 MAIN FAN INSTALLATIONS AT COAL MINES Mine Safety Board Recommendations U.S. Bureau of Mines Inf Circ No. 7050 2 pp January 1939 It is recommended idle have one or stallation should that all active underground coal mines whether working or more fans in continuous operation The capacity and the inbe such that the entire mine workings are adequately ventilated at all times They should be located at the surface in fireproof buildings offset from the line of the main opening For mines that liberate gas the fan should ? have two independent sources of power immediately applicable In the absence of continuous attendance automatic warning devices that operate when the air flow is reduced should be installod In general it is preferable to operate the fan exhausting although reversing fans are recommended 197 MINE VENTILATION D. Harrington U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 7047 16 pp January 1939 Obtainable free from Supt of Documents Washington Ventilation in mines is the most important factor in fire protection and prevent- ion health safety and efficiency Fifteen to ed about mine ventilation but in tendencies the some of the lessons learned have been forgotten twenty years ago much was learnrecent past have indicated that One dangerous trend is the plac- ing of the main fans underground in coal mines or in placing them on the surface References to Recent Literature - 9 in direct line with the opening They shoulbde placed set at least 25 feet in a fireproof housing to prevent plosion Another trend is to use the working shafts as a practice that would be extremely hazardous in case of on the surface but offdamage in case of an exthe return air shafts a fire or explosion ~e 198 DEAD ENDS Robert B. Northrup Ind Bull 18 16-7 January 1939 Indus- trial Bulletin is a monthly publication of the New York State Department of Labor Albany Price 1.00 per year In designing an exhaust system for dust control it is not good practice to connect two branches at the end of a system into a main pipe of uniform diameter A balanced system with changes in the size of the main for every branch connection on the other hand insures a uniform high velocity with a minimum of eddies and turbulence This means less danger of clogging less friction lower power cost and better operating efficiency generally C Papers on Industrial Poisons Cancer Dermatitis etc. 199 FLUORINE COMPOUNDS K. Roholm Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2 International Labor Office 7 pp September 1938 Free fluorine seldom plays a part in toxicology because the element immediately reacts with water forming hydrogen fluorido From a practical toxicological point of view fluorine compounds are divided into four groups 1 gaseous fl uorine compounds very toxic 2 solutions of hydrofluoric acid and bydrofluosilicic acid extremely toxic 3 relatively easily soluble fluorides and Pluosilicates fairly toxic and 4 almost insoluble fluorine compounds as cryolite and cal- cium fluoride which are only moderately toxic There are three forms of poison- ing a local corrosion of the skin or mucous membranes b acute poisoning through ingestion of the easily soluble compounds and c chronic poisoning as demonstrated by degenerative changes in teeth and bones Fluorine compounds occur quite extensively in industry in the mining of fluorspar and cryolite in the manufacture of aluminum and copper in the iron and steel industries as a flux in certain brick works in glass and enamel works and in certain chemical plants Fluorine compounds are used extensively in the preservation of food Damage to vegetation in the vicinity of certain industrial plants has been reported Extreme care should be exercised in the use of any of the compounds of fluorine 200 SELENIUM A. Stassens Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2. International Labor Office 6 pp September 1938 , The author presents a good review of the properties and pathology of selenium and its compounds The degree of toxicity is one of controversy Certain of its com- pounds particularly those of organic origin are highly toxic Most cases of death from selenium or solenium compounds are probably accidental Its presence has been detected in urine where it is normally absent in workers with no ex- treme symptoms The use of any of the compounds however requires extreme care NICKEL CARBONYL A.J. Amor Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2 Inter- national Labor Office 5 pp September 1938 Nickel carbonyl is formed by passing cold carbon monoxide over the finely divided metal in the process of its extraction from ores Investigations as to its toxicity are rendered difficult because of its tendency to be decomposed readily into the metal and carbon monoxide and under conditions of its manufacture carbon monoxide is always present Nickel carbonyl has been shown to be five times as toxic as carbon monoxide Pathologically nickel carbonyl when inhaled as a gas passes into the blood stream unchanged with little or no dissociation in the lungs Microscopic examination of the lungs in fatal cases discloses an acute vascular congestion with marked capillary engorgement In fatal cases the References to Recent Literature - 10 symptoms are divided into two groups -- immediate and remote period of 12-18 hours when recovery seems complete Symptoms cyanosis and severe soreness in the chest Complete recovery but the most severe exposures separated by a are dyspnoea is possible in all 202 PNEUMATIC TOOLS L. Teleky Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2 International Labor Office 12 pp September 1938 The author presents a review of the literature on the hazards in the use of pneumatic tools The most noticeable symptom is a vascular disturbance in the blood vessels where the tool is held causing a restriction of the blood flow at that point Injuries to the bone joints are common and are demonstrable by ray Other more minor injuries have been demonstrated In certain European countries injuries from the use of compressed air tools are compensable 203 TOXIC GAS INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION AGAINST L. Dautrebaude Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2. International Labor Office 12 pp September 1938 This article is devoted to an accounotf the principles which should be observed in the construction of gas masks Most masks are efficient neutralizers of any gas that may be encountered but their characteristics from a respiration and physiological aspect are generally inadequate The three main elements of the disadvantages to overcome are discomfort dead space within the mask where carbon dioxide may accumulate and resistance to respiration Most manufacturers of masks have standardized on methods for removing each gas The difficult problem is to procure efficient chemical removal and still maintain low resistance to breathing 204 INDUSTRIAL NOISE R. Causse Occupation and Health Supplement No. 2 International Labor Office 10 pp September 1938 The influence of noise on the system is discussed It has been shown that efficiency of employees has been increased greatly by noise reduction The incidence of occupational deafness in certain industries is extremely high and is compensable in some countries The simplest type of prophylaxis is the use of vaselined cotton wool or some plastic substance in the ears Other elements of noise reduction most of them recent developments are discussed 205 205 ACTION OF INDUSTRIAL POISONS ON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS E. Gonzalez Rev. del Trabajo 3 55-70 September 1938 Mexico Spanish This is a review article dealing chiefly with the detoxifying ability of the suprarenals Effects of fatigue and of various poisons such as lead arsenic mercury phosphorus etc. are described Much of the work already done gives such contradictory results that the author pleads that basic experiments be made to clarify the complex problems involved DERMATITIS -- A GUIDE IN REPORTING Occupational Disease Prevention Division Practice Dept. of Labor and Industry Pennsylvania Safe January 1939 Bulletin No. 12 12 pp This bulletin comprises the text of an address before one of the Safe Practices conferences held for safety engineers of Pennsylvania industries Dermatitis cases comprise a very large percentage of all occupational diseases and it is im- portant that an accurate knowledge be obtained of their incidence Much of the reporting of cases is done by safety engineers or other medical persons and this bulletin was devised to aid them in providing more accurate descriptions A brief discussion is given of the various agents causing dermatitis and the principal items used in diagnosis A standard form for use in reporting is suggested References to Recent Literature - 11 207 FUNGUS INFECTION OF LUNGS SIMULATES TUBERCULOSIS CLOSELY Adelaide R. Smith Industrial Bulletin 18 15-6 January 1939 The molds including fungi and yeasts are simple filamentous plants of simple structure which having no chlorophyl cannot synthesize food from carbon diox- ide must obtain it from other organisms living or dead They have wide distribution and are found largely in decayed or slightly decayed vegetable matter and in the dust from such material certain susceptible individuals working in these dusts may become infected with them in various parts of the body A des- cription is given of a few cases of proved pulmonary in this form produces changes much the same as those infection from fungus which in tuberculosis detectable only by cultural methods The inference is drawn that infections of this type may be much more common than is generally suspected 208 REPORT OF THE USE OF BIOPHOTOMETER AND VITAMIN A THERAPY IN INDUSTRY O.H. Schettler R.F. Bisbee and B.H. Goodenough Jounal Industrial Hygieno & Toxicology 21 53-5 February 1939 For many years workers matching whiteness of porcelain were unable to do so with reasonable accuracy After many experiments to improve results had failed it was found possible by the use of a biophotometer to measure the patient's ability to see light and his response to dark adaptation Therapy with vitamin A known to be essential for good vision was begun and the result has been a decrease of 75 per cent in number of rejections of matched white porcelain over a period of a few months 209 THE FEET OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKER SYMPOSIUM E.P. Cathcart C. Lambrinudi W.S. Creer W. Blood and H. Bradley Lancet pp 1480-6 Dec. 24,1938 British Flat is one of the troubles that most concern industrial workers Footwear worn at work is much more important than that worn in leisure hours Some of the defects of modern shoes are pointed out by the authors and remedies to correct then are alert to suggested the problem It is true that the shoe manufacturers are and are beginning to give more cooperation becoming more to industrial medical officers OCCUPATIONAL CANCER L. Teleky Acta d intern Ver.f.Krebs 3 253-75 1938 German The author discusses the main ed The silicosis literature industries in points to the which lung cancer is found or expectfact that lung cancer is seldom found among silicotics The high incidence of lung cancer among Schneeberg miners radioactive minos is no basis for assuming that other miners are similarly endangered Among metal grinders carcinoma is two and one half times as great as in the general population Exposure to asbestos perhaps because it irritates the lungs may be conducive to lung Exposure to chromate dust seems cancer - at least the incidence is fairly high to favor lung cancer as well as cancer in other organs workers numbers There are isolated cases of lung cancer among generator workers among exposed are not to coal large dust tar and tar distillates nickel workers but the Exposure to radium emanations and radioactive substances is very dangerous 211 DOES WORK WITH COMPRESSED AIR TOOLS RESULT IN ENDANGITIS OBLITERANS A. Fikentsch- er Arch.f.Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 The study described covered 250 workers in matic tools from 2 to 40 years The chief 65-79 1938 German the iron industry who had used pneu- signs and symptoms of endangitis ob- literans threatened or actual gangreno absent pulses intermittent claudication trophic disturbances alarming pains pigmentation of limbs could not be demon- strated in any of the subjects The circulatory disturbances so often observed in workers with compressed air riveters hammers etc. are therefore of other origin than an endangitis obliterans References to Recent Literature - 12 212 JAUNDICE IN THE TIN WORKS OF WILHELMSBURG ANEPIDEMIC HEPATITIS K. Holm Arbeitsschutz pp 257-8 1938 German Seventy cases of jaundice were found among 512 employees of a certain plant during the summer of 1937. Further investigations to determine the occupational origin showed that 20 per cent of a group of school children were affected and that in certain other schools about 10 per cent were afflicted The disease occurred in all groups at about the same time and it was concluded that the cause of the jaundice was not occupational 213 INFECTION M.R. Mayers Industrial Bulletin 17 577-8 December 1938 points The author puncture wounds out the and cites possible extreme danger of a few cases of workers who small cuts abrasives or suffered partial incapacity because of small cuts Workers should be taught the value of prompt treatment for even the most minor wounds 214 A NEW SURGICAL MASK A BACTERIOLOGIC AIR FILTER L. Arnold Arch of Surg 37 1008-16 December 1938 The study of bacterial respirators has attracted the attention of many investiga- tors but is still in an undeveloped stato The author has tested with the Wells centrifuge various materials and thicknesses of material for the transmission of bacteria It was found that a suitable mask must contain the proper filtering material and must fit tightly against the face since bacteria escape above the mesh on each side of the nose The material suggested is cellucotton It was also stated that a moist material is less efficient than a dry one which seems erron- cous because a moist material generally has greater resistance This article is the first of a series on bacterial masks 215 MASON'S ECZEMA W. Burckhardt Arch 1938 German This is a very complete work based on f Dermat u Syphil 178 1-44 numerous cases experiments and clinical experiences Patients suffering from mason's eczema a showed diminished skin re- sistance to lye which paralleled the hypersensivity to the alkaline substances Calcium oxide is considered as the chief toxic agent in ordinary lime and it acts also in cement where the calcium and aluminum oxides offer most damage to the skin The diminished resistance to the alkalies seemed to be the predisposing factor in all cases based on the retarded neutralization of these substances The disease arises usually after contact with large quantities of the materials and after re- peated exposures a chronic eczema sometimes prevails 216 OBSERVATIONS ON WEIL'S DISEASE IN SAAR MINES E. Kraus3 Dtsch Arch f klin Med 183 39-53 1938 German Weil'sdisease is an acute infectious disease characterized by jaundice fever muscular pain and enlargement of the liver and spleen It is to two weeks duration although fatal cases are quite common usually of 10 days It is well known that miners in Scotland Japan and elsewhere have become infected Description is given hore of the contraction of eight cuses of the discase in the Saar mines in Germany where the disease is recognized as a compensable accident No other mines mines in Germany were method of contraction offected during this is not known period except the Saar The 217 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SPRAY BOOTHS Carleton Cleveland Metal Industry 37 63-7 February 1939 presents The author an interesting account of the development of spray booths from the small wooden cabinets to the efficient wator wash booths of the present day The now spray booths are highly efficient reduce fire hazards permit reclaiming of pigments and remove objectionable and sometimes poisonous fumes References to Recent Literature - 13 218 . MEANING OF BLOOD CHANGES IN SPRAY PAINTERS G. Lind Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 141-66 1938 German In a survey to study the blood changes in paint sprayers blood samples from 230 paint sprayers and 200 controls from other industries were taken In both groups the same incidence of relatively low hemoglobin levels leucopenia leucocytosis eosinophilia lymphocytosis and shift to the left was scen More than 35 per cent lymphocytes were present in 48 per cent of the control group The substances to which the sprayers were exposed according to the supply firms are ethyl butyl and amyl acetates ethyl and butyl alcohols ethylene glycol acetone toluene xyleno benzine solvent naphtha and mineral turpentine Benzene is no longer used 219 INFLUENCE ON BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT OF INHALING VOLATILE SUBSTANCES IN SPRAY PAINT- ING B. Siegmund Deutsch Ztschr f d ges ger Med 30 151-5 1938 German After an automobile accident the driver's blood showed 1.79 por cont alcohol He was a spray painter by trade and said he had taken no alcohol but blamed the blood change at his place on the volatile he substances inhaled during work of work and at other spray painting establishments Tests were made without ventila- tion but no increase of reducing substances could be detected in the blood by Widmark's method 220 INDUSTRIAL ARSENIC POISONING IN VINEYARD WORKERS W. Frohn Much med Wohnschr 95 1630,5 German Some cases of arsenic dermatosis in a clinic gave rise to an inquiry in certain villages near the vineyards and 23 cases of poisoning were found Uranium green silesia green and arsenic carbonate are the most commonly used arsenic compounds The greatest danger comes in May and June and in the autumn when the vines are sprayed Absorption through the respiratory tract seems the most important mothod of entry The first symptoms are nausea throat pains smarting of the eyes melanosis The leuconychia arsenicalis on fingers and toes is important for diagnosis Prevention consists in substitution of a toxic spray instruction of the workers and good medical supervision 221 ARSENIC PARALYSIS OF ARMS AND LEGS WITH A RARE LATE SYMPTOM Duncker Ztschr f Orthop u Grenzgeb 68 300-8 1938 German In a suicide attempt with 5 g of arsenious oxide the following symptoms were noted flaccid paralysis with shrinkage of the muscles of legs and arms hyper- algesia of soles and palms and gastrointestinal symptoms which soon disappeared Symmetrical whitish stripes on all fingernails were striking 222 A CASE OF FATAL GAS POISONING IN WELDING IN A CLOSED TANK R.J. Wright Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology 21 24-26 January 1939 Description is given of a case of fatal poisoning which occurred following weld- ing in a closed sickness about tank After one an hour later he day's began work in the tank the man to cough vomit and gasp complained of for breath He was taken to the hospital and died the next morning Postmortem showed death by a poisonous gas the nature of which was not exactly determined although the symptoms indicated that it was most likely nitrous fumes The tank had formerly contained salt water and the decomposition of the sodium chloride together with any carbon monoxide present might cause the formation of phosgene and the possi- bility of death from this substance cannot be excluded References to Recent Literature - 14 223 SMOKE FUMES AND GASES WHICH OCCUR IN ELECTRIC ELECTRODES ARE USED H.J. Weber and G. Jende 1938 German WELDING ESPECIALLY IF MANTLED Arbeitsschutz pp 224-9 The German government has instituted investigations into the problem of gases fumes and smoke from electric welding processes and this is the first report Plain and mantled cloctrodes were analyzed wire and mantle separately While electrodes were welded the ensuing fumes were caught and analyzed by especially developed methods The greater part of the fume was iron oxide 69-75 and most of the rest was free silica 18-21 There were also small amounts of man- ganese and calcium oxides Statements in the literature that oxides of nitrogen are not formed were found to be false Further research will follow 224 PENUMONITIS CAUSED BY GASEOUS NITROGEN OXIDES G. Cramer Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 2 1-2 1938 German The breathing ofnitrogen nitrogen oxides results in a pneumonitis which in severe cases goes on to pulmonary edema and death In others a miliary pneumonia develops characterized by varying quantities of fibrin red and white colls in the alveoli as well as by large syncytial cells which are regeneration forms of the alveolar epithelium This miliary pneumonitis may but not always end fatal- ly It is detectable by ray at any stage The author considers it possible may that these gases chiefly to nitrogen give rise to lobar pneumonia as well The pneumonitis is due dioxide 225 INJURY TO THE LIVER AND THYROID FUNCTION AS A SIGN OF WELDERS DISEASE H. Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 113-22 1938 German The material studied includes the observatioonf 80 subjects examined for first time in 1936 again in 1937-8 with the addition of 23 now subjects Wanick the The men were engaged in autogenous or electro welding or both The examinations were on the basis of urinary excretion of galactose over a hour period following galac- toso ingestion On the basis of the results no significant relation between welders disease liver and thyroid function exists 226 THESYSTEMIC EFFECTS RESULTING FROM EXPOSURE TO CERTAIN CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS L. Greenburg M.R. Mayers and A.R. Smith Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicol- ogy 21 29-38 February 1939 Chlorinated naphthalenes and diphenyls because resisting properties and because they of their electrical are inflammable are and used ex- tensively for insulating wire and in the manufacture of electrical condensers On the whole their toxicity increases the higher the chlorination The action of the materials is usually on the liver withskin eruptions usually preceding ser- ious involvement Three fatal cases are described and it is hoped that they will help acquaint physicians with the symptoms so that proper diagnosis and handling of the cases may be accomplished . r A METAL DEGREASING BY SOLVENT PROCESSES 34-6 February 1939 A.L. Brooks National Safety News 39 The author discusses the hazards in connection with the extensive use of degreas- crs in industry Extreme care should be practiced in their use and the properties of each should be known In recent years the use of more powerful degreasers as benzol carbon tetrachloride and other chlorinated hydrocarbons has increased the dangers in connection with these processes References to Recent Literature - 15 228 FATAL POISONING FROM TRICHLORETHYLENE A.M. Marx and H. Langecker Samm v Vergift 9 49-56 1938 German A worker was employed making a paint with rubber dissolved in trichlorethylene in a cylindrical tank He was found dead after having been alone in the tank for between 30 and 60 minutes The autopsy excluded illness of any other kind Although chemical analysis of lungs and blood did not detect trichlorethylene the expert nevertheless assumes death from that substance was not sent for analysis since trichlorethylene would He regrets that the be more likely to be brain found in the brain than in the lungs or blood 229 A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENZOL IN Burke Industrial Bulletin 18 17 January 1939 monthly publication of the New York State Department AIR J. Siegel and Wn J. Industrial Bulletin is a of Labor Albany Price 1.00 per year A modification is described of the microcolorimetric method of benzol determina- tion tion developed was found at the Bureau of Minos by Schrenk Pearce necessary in permitting larger numbers of and Yant samples to The modificabe taken in one day and experience with it has proved satisfactory Instead of bubbling the sample through nitrating mixtures at the point of sampling or in the laboratory the samples are collected in separatory funnels of varying sizes depending on the expected concentration then taken to the laboratory for analyses All subsequent operations with each sample are conducted in the funnel and the chance for errors is then reduced The nitrating mixture is introduced into the funnel mixed well left overnight and analyzed the following morning by the same method as that followed by Schrenk and his colleagues By this improvement it was possible to analyze simultaneously 15 to 20 samples DIAGNOSIS AND PATHOLOGY OF EARLY STAGES OF CHRONIC INDUSTRIAL BENZENE POISONING K. Fellinger Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 88-96 1938 German Early detection of chronic mild benzene poisoning is best accomplished by depending upon the granulopenia which has regularly been found to appear as the first sign Bone marrow biopsies on 5 patients with benzene poisoning showed a decrease in total white cells a great increase in early forms of the myelcytic series a decrease in the mature granulocytes no change in mono- and lymphocytes no or slight changes in the erythropoietic series Cells of the myelocytic series often showed degenerative changes the toxic granulations as well as vaculization of the protoplasm and disproportions between the stages of development of the nucleus and the cytoplasm 231 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MARROW AND BLOOD CONDITIONS IV THE MARROW AND BLOOD PICTURE IN CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL BENZENE POISONING R. Stodtmeister Deutsch Arch f klin Med 182 459-66 1938 German A man now 38 years old contracted chronic benzene poisoning in 1935 when work- ing in containing dyes The blood changes are still serious at the pres- ent time and in 1937 there was a relapse The blood shows 25 per cent hemoglobin erythrocytes not supposed 760,000 leucocytes to have worked with 2600 bleeding time7 minutes The patient is benzene since 1935 but the relapse might have been due to minor exposures from other processes near him 232 BENZENE In mice AND GONADS to which the I. Hett authors and H. Maak Klin Wchnschr 17 1376 1938 German have given injections and inhalations of benzene in relatively large amounts they have seen degeneration of the in the testicle and greatly augmented atresia especially of of the ovary These changes were seen before any alteration germinal epithelium the larger follicles in body weight or general being wore noticed References to Recent Literature - 16 233 ACUTE BENZENE POISONING AND ITS PREVENTION H. Symanski Med Welt 12 1248-9 1938 German , The author describes 3 cases of benzene poisoning which occurred in cleaning out boilers in an iron works He emphasizes the fact that the drunkenness and euphoria can delude the endangered person and that vapors can escape from the falling orusts for several days after a boiler has been blown out by compressed air Abundant fresh air must be introduced during the work and other precaution- ary measures taken THE OCCURRENCE OF AN EPITHELIOMA IN MAN AFTER EXPERIMENTAL WORK WITH BENZPYRENE E. Klar Klin Wohnschr 17 1279-80 1938 German On the dorsal side of the left forearm of the author there developed an epithel- ioma 3 months after he performed animal experiments with benzpyrene Although this experience may be accidental it should serve as a warning to others 235 CRIMINAL THALLIUM POISONING K. Bohmer Deutsch Ztschr f d ges ger Med 30 146-50 1938 German A man died after having been given homicide small amounts of thallium 1.241 g altogether in his food over a period of 4 wecks Arsenic poisoning was sus- pected but arsenic was not found in the tests and the final diagnosis was brain tumor His early symptoms were vomiting severe stomach aches and pain in the logs Joint pains and toothache developed along with numb fingers loss of hair and dull kidney pains The fatal course as it developed in 4 weeks hospitaliza- tion is described THE EFFECT OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON EXPERIMENTAL OSTEODISTROPHY AND ATROPHY FROM INACTIVITY I. Marx Bruns Beitrage z klin Chir 163 261-6 German The author as a result of experience with cryolite workers attempted to find out if skeletal changes could be produced by administering sodium fluoride and if development of atrophy from inactivity could be prevented The rosults were en- tirely negative and produced only serious ulcerative gastritis 237 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CYANIDE POISONING DURING FUMIGATION C.L. Williams U.S. Public Health Reports 53 2094-5 November 25 1938 In most cases of cyanide poisoning by inhalation the individual dies promptly or recovers rapidly and completely The case described is unusual because of its prolonged and given duration and treatment The fumigator was overcome in the usual manner artificial respiration and oxygen At the hospital the antidotes ad- vised by Chen were administered 20 cc of solution containing 0.6 g sodium nitrite followed immediately by 100 cc of solution containing 50 g sodium thio sulfate The patient remained unconscious for 3 days and over this period oxygen was administered During treatment the patient was irrational and sometimes violent He was reported 25 days after the accident as much improved but still showing mental symptoms A still more recent report tells that he is now fully re- . covered and has resumed his time dutios 238 DANGERS IN THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE BY THE AMALGAM PROCESS I. Brachmann Arbeitsschutz pp 255-7 1938 German The electrolytic method of producing chlorine is based on the decomposition of sodium chloride by means of an electric current Mercury is used for the cathode where it combines with the sodium liberating chlorine The author invostigated two plants and in onc in which every precaution against poisoning was taken there were no signs of mercury poisoning or chlor acne In the other plant nearly all workers showed signs of mercury poisoning as well as the skin trouble References to Recent Literature - 17 239 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AGAINST MERCURY K. Grosskopf Dragerheft 197 197 5895-6 1938 German In testing different gas masks for their that one gas filter which is used on war efficiency against gases ammonia and mercury it was found hydrogen sulfide also gives complete protection from mercury 240 THE BASOPHILIC AGGREGATION TEST APPLIED TO CEMENT WORKERS F.R. Holden and C.E. Ralston Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology 21 5-6 February Claims have been made in the past by foreign that exposure to cement dust caused an increase in the stippled blood cell count similar to that produced in lead poisoning The interpretation may be made also that tho basophilic aggregation test of McCord used widely in the estimation of load absorption would be similarly affected thus reducing the value of these tests in the diagnosis of load poisoning The authors here report on a series of examinations of 63 men who were exposed for an average of 10 years to cement limestone and shale dust As controls they also examined 73 men who had had no record of dust exposures They found no evidence to indicate that the increased stippled cell counts obtained by the foreign authors is paralleled by a similar increase in basophilic aggregation counts made on cement workers in the United States No cell pathology suggestive of the picture obtained gregation of the cement in lead workers poisoning was found was the same as that the average basophilic agof the workers in dusty areas 241 THE METABOLISM AND RETENTION OF LEAD IN GROWING AND ADULT RATS J.B. Shields H.H. Mitchell and W.A. Ruth Journal Industrial Hyg & Tox 21 7-23 Jan. 1939 An extensive series of experiments was conducted with albino rats to determine rates of absorption and retention of lead at different stages of maturity During periods of rapid growth lead is absorbed readily at very and increases about proportionally with increased intake in the skeleton Mature animals will not accumulate lead low levels of intake It is retained largely in the body until cer- tain critical concentration of lead in the food is reached between 32 and 48 mg per not kg of dry food The be raised above 9.0 or concentration of lead in the body of mature rats 9.5 p.p.m. while that in young animals could be could raised to two or three times this value and the latter is in a much more stable condi- tion than that of the mature animals Lead is not absorbed from the stomach but largely through the small intestines cecum and colon Excretion is 90 per cent through the foces 10 per cent through the urine 242 CORRELATION STUDIES OF BASOPHILIC AGGREGATION AND RETICULOCYTES IN VARIOUS CLINI- CAL CONDITIONS M.D. Pearlman and L.R. Limarzi Am J. Clin Path8 608-17 November 1938 A study of the basophilic aggregation test used in the diagnosis of lead poison- ing resulted in the following conclusions 1 the basophilic aggregation test is unreliable as a routine laboratory procedure 2 it is apparently another method for staining reticulocytes and shows a strong correlation with counts made according to a vital staining method 3 the basophilic aggregation test is not uniquely diagnostic of lead absorption or intoxication It is the index of marrow response and 4 the basophilic aggregation test should be abandoned in favor of the vital method for staining reticulocytes 243 THE LEAD HAZARD OF SOLDERING AND GRINDING IN AUTOMOBILE BODY PLANTS K.Humperdinck K.Humperdinck Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 13-21 German of 400 employees in an automobile body plant who were engaged in soldering and grinding off solder 20 were suspected of lead poisoning and were studied in de- tail Two had a typical subacute lond poisoning eight had a high blood lead con- soesubacute mw Load fimos fimos VOTA not A factor in References to Recent Literature - 18 these poisonings since the solder is never heated beyond the consistency of dough Dust camples taken noer the work showed high lead contents but these were due to coarse particles rather than fine lead dust Intake of lead in these cases appeared however to be chiefly through the respiratory tract secondarily by ingestion from dirty hands Cases were more numerous where sanitary arrangements were poor 244 LEAD HAZARDS AMONG AUTOMOBILE BODY WORKERS AND ITS PREVENTION E. Truby Arbeitsschutz pp 253-4 1938 German The solder used on sheet metal and joints in automobile bodies contains 75 per cent lead After it hardens it is polished by hand or by power driven wheels Hand filing produces coarse dust the machine grinding produces a dangerous fine dust The solder should be heated only until it has a paste consistency not to the point where it becomes volatile and grinding wheels should not be used The danger could be avoided by replacing the solder by a coat of cement material : THE RELATION OF LEAD POISONING AND PARATHYROID K. Reinhart Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 9 80-7 1938 German The changes in the blood in chronic lead poisoning as exhibited by 15 patients exposed to lead for from 2 months to 12 years resemble those resulting from adenomata of the parathyroid the serum shows increased calcium decreased inorganic phosphate lovels The most severe case of lead poisoning did not show any alteration in mineral metabolism The author thinks that in this case the presence of a great amount of lead checked the parathyroid's action 246 LEAD GOUT L. Ramond Presse med pp 1231-2 1938 French An Italian 37 years old worked for 12 years at boiler cleaning He has had 3 attacks similar to lead colic and for some years has suffered from typical gout attacks in the joints of the big toos He does not show other signs of lead poisoning or lead absorption The author states in a long but not convincing explanation that this is a case of lend gout 247 MEDICO ASPECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS EFFECT ON THE HEART November 1938 The author maintains H.G. Beck Am Journal Med Jurisprudence 1 177 81 that there is such a condition as chronic carbon monoxide poisoning and that its recognition gives rise to many injustices Vascular changes are listed Encephalitic symptoms are caused by brain lesions and frequently develop into a chronic Parkinsonian type Persons who survive an acute poisoning develop secondary symptoms and eventually may die of cerebral or cardiac trouble Literature on chronic carbon monoxide poisoning especially the effects on the heart is discussed and a few casos are described 248 VASCULAR REFLEXES IN CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING H.W. Kayser Arch f exp Path u Pharm 190 219-20 1933 German By squeezing the carotids prossure in the sinuses falls and as reflex the blood pressure and pulse rate rise This reflex did not occur in cats poisoned with carbon monoxide The author supported by additional experiments supposed that this lack of reflex is caused by an augmented irritability of the vagus center Squeezing the carotid lessens the blood supply to the brain and this loss can in control animals be compensated by rise of blood pressure and pulse increase : -References to Recent Literature - 19 249 PARKINSONISM FROM CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING TREATMENT WITH HOMBURG 630 W. Plath Deutsch med Wohnschr 64 1543-4 Description is given of a case report of a fire 1938 German brigade captain age 53 who was frequently exposed to carbon monoxide in the course of his work Slight symptoms began in 1920 with a pain on the ulnar side of the forearm sensations of anxiety disturbances of sensitivity Improvement took place gradually except for short intervals when the symptoms increased slightly In 1937 after an acute exposure very severe disturbances of will thinking and speaking and fever were noticed Treatment with Homburg 680 was successful The author believes the disease to be a chronic carbon monoxide poisoning interrupted and aggravated by an acute , . accident 250 SYMPTOMS OF POISONING IN BUS DRIVERS G. Castrovilli Med del lav 29 ~~ 235-46 269-83 1939 Cases of the poisoning are rare among the men Italian : are quite frequent in other services among workers in the bus garages but The general characteristics of the poisonings are general indisposition weakness loss of appetite headache pallor light cyanosis hyperacidity slight irritation of the respiratory tract slight increase of blood sugar and hyperglobulia Carbon monoxide is the chief cause of these symptoms but carbon dioxide may also play a part 251 MASS POISONING WITH CARBON MONOXIDE H. Ottel Samm v Vergift 9 77-80 1938 German . Fourteen persons were poisoned by illuminating gas on entering a arrival at the hospital four of whom three were children were color of the skin or mucous membranes was seen and diagnosis was house On their dead No red made by blood analysis Since the amount of oxygen available was insufficient treatment consisted chiefly in giving injections of cardiazol and lobeline Speed of recovery varied widely and did not depend upon the blood carbon monoxide concentration Two patients with more than 20 per cent carbon monoxide hemoglobin could be dismissed while others with 11-16 per cent lay in deep coma The speed of recovery seemed to depend chiefly on the duration of the preceding anoxemia 252 THE EFFECT OF THE INHALATION OF CASES WITH A LOW OXYGEN AND AN INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION ON THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW IN MAN E. Gellhorn and I.E. Steck Am J. Physiol 124 735-41 December 1 1938 The authors studied the effects of inhaling excessive carbon dioxide or oxygen- poor air mixtures on the central nervous system by observing blood flow changes in the human hand kept at constant temprature in a water bath Rich carbon dioxide mixtures 4-5.4 decreased the blood flow through the hand by as much as 50 per cent in some instances and there was no compensatory increase of flow on reverting to air inhalation With oxygen mixture thse results were variable and were usually followed by a compensatory phase on reverting to normal air It is concluded that a study of peripheral blood flow under the influence of a high carbon dioxide tension in the blood is a more suitable test for the presence or absence of sympathetic impulses than studies involving oxygen lack 253 THE INSENSIVITY OF DIVING ANIMALS TO CARBON DIOXIDE L. Irving American Jour Physiol 124 729-34 December 1 1938 In contrast to mammals the respiration heart action and peripheral blood circu- lation in the beaver and muskrat are shown to be relatively unaffected by inhala- tion of air containing 10 per cent carbon dioxide Yet the respiratory adjustments of these diving animals to sudden asphyxia are prompt and effective On these premises the role of carbon dioxide as the most important stimulus of respiration is questioned and the mechanism of action in response to sudden asphyxia is discussed by comparison of diving animals and land animals References to Recent Literature - 20 254 INCREASE OF RESISTANCE TO OXYGEN WANT IN ANIMALS ON CERTAIN DIETS J.A. Campbell Quart J. Exp Physiol 28 231-41 1938 Compared with the normal diet a pure carrot diet gives definite protection against oxygen want in the case of the animals tested mice A synthetic nonprotein diet with almost no fat and containing starch 70 per cent yeast 3 per cont salts 1.5 per cent and cellulose 25 per cent gives similar protection If the cellulose is replaced by a similar percentage of kaolin or agar no protection is gained Proteins enhance the effects of oxygen want opposing the action of carrots It is possible that a detoxicating action in the intestine or elsewhere may play some part in the protection and the anaerobic fermentation of cellulose may also be indirectly concerned 255 GAS EXCHANGE WHILE TRAVELING IN HIGH ALTITUDES W. Wilbrandt R. Wilbrandt and B. Steinmann Pfluger's Arch f d ges Physiol 240 698-707 The oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured in several men and women while subjected to pressure changes in a chamber and during the rail journey up and down the Jungfrau In the chamber experiments little change in oxygen consumption was noted until the pressure dropped to an equivalent of that at 4000 meters altitude With further decrease oxygen consumption increased the average at 5,000 to 7,250 m was 21 per cent On the rail journey from 2000 m to 3450 m an average increase of 18 per cent was noted and this is thought to be extremely high for such moderate altitude It is possible that the method of analysis interferometer might not have been accurate 256 THE THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES NOTE FROM THE INFORMATION BUREAU OF THE BUILDING RESEARCH STATION Journal Inst Heat & Vent Engre Lond 6 485-92 November 1938 British The thermal insulation value of a structure is measured by the amount of heat that will pass from the air on one side to the air on the other side of the structure It is expressed in terms of B.t.u.'s of heat that will pass under steady conditions in one hour across an area of 1 sq ft in a direction perpendicular to the area when the difference between the air temperatures is F This value is the air thermal transmission coefficient Adequate insulation reduces heating or cooling costs but the increased cost of building entailed by providing additional insulation must be weighed against the economios in fuel or power to be anticipated Apart from the saving which results from insulation condensation trouble may be minimized since good insulation lessens surface cooling 257 THE CONTROL OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT BY AIR CONDITIONING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TROPICS G.P. Crowden and T.C. Angus Journal Inst Heat & Vent Engrs Lond 6 442-68 November 1938 British The paper describes experimental work on conditioned cubicles designed to furnish a comfortable indoor climate for residents in the tropics at un oconomic cost In a discussion of the physiology of the problem stress is given to the relative influence of radiation in the dissipation of body heat and on the con- sequent need for controlling wall temperatures when cooling is resorted to Tests were conducted in a small cubicle 10 ft x 7 ft x 6 ft 2 in with walls of a double thickness of pressed wood and so constructed that the parts could be shipped and assembled without tools It was assumed to reduce the temperature from dry bulb 90 wet bulb to 92 dry and 770 wet 50 relative humidity Under these conditions the total hoat to be removed is 2900 b.t.u. per hour allowing for two persons a fresh air supply of 1200 cu ft per hour