Document 37yjORzmnO9wa45X6M5gn2km3

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1941 DOC#: OWL019 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Relevant References for Book Reviews, Articles & Abstracts from The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL tJYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 23 JANUARY, 1941--DECEMBER, 1941 / VOLUME 2.3. INDEX TO TEXT AND BOOK REVIEWS (Asterisk denotes book review) Acetic acids, chloracetic, dichloracetic and trichloracetic, acute oral tox icity of (Woodard et a l.).. ........... 78 Acne, occupational, etiology of acne (Jones)................................................ 290 Adams, E. M., see Irish, D. D. Alpers, B. J., see Lewey, F. H. Amor, A. J .: An x-ray atlas of silicosis. 455 Anthracene and chrysene, carcinogenic effect of, effect of subcutaneous injection in rats (Pollia)..................... 449 Asbestosis in manufacture of asbestos, study of (Vigliani)............................ 90 Barnes, E. C., and Speicher, H. W .: The dropping mercury electrode for lead analysis...................................... 397 Belknap, E. L.: Reply to Dr. Kehoe's criticism.............................................. 161 Bellet, S., see Lewey, F. H. Benzene, absorption, distribution and elimination of by body tissues and fluids of exposed dogs (Schrenk et al)........................................................ 20 and homologs, facts and reflections on problem of poisoning by (Schwarz, Teleky)............................................... 1 recovery following exposure to (Goldwater, Tewksbury)........................... 217 vapor, effects of inhalation of on red blood cells of rabbits (Robinson, Climenko)........................................... 232 Berkelhamer, L. H .: X-ray diffraction, an important tool in pneumoconio sis research and a new method of tissue analysis................................... 163 Boyd, L. J., see McGavack, T. H. *Boyd, M. F.: Preventive medicine.. .. 53 Brahdy, L., and Kahn, S .: Trauma and disease................................................. 454 Brleger, H.: The effects of carbon di sulfide on the blood corpuscles__ 388 Calvert, W. R., see White, B. E. Calverv, H. O., see Woodard, G. Cancer and occupation in Denmark, 1935-1939 (Clemmesen).................... 457 arcinogenic effect of anthracene and chrysene, effect of subcutaneous inji-ciion in rats (Pollia).................... 449 Carbon arc fumes, filtered, and oxides it nitrogen, inhalation of (Tollrinri. MaeQuiddy, Schnberger)... 269 Carbon disulfide, effects of on blood I'nrpuscles (Brieger)......................... 388 Carbon disulfide, poisoning in dogs, clin ical, biochemical ana pathological study (Lewey and others)............... 415 quantitative microchemical-colori metric determination of, in air, water, biological fluids (McKee).. 151 recorder, automatic (White, Calvert). 196 vapors, solubility of in body fluids and tissues (McKee)......... 23:484,1941. Carbon tetrachloride as industrial haz ard, two cases (Hammes, Jr.)__ 112 Chambers, E. G.: Statistical calcu lation for beginners.......................... 90 Chapman, E. M.: Observations on the effect of paint on the kidneys with particular reference to the role of turpentine.......................................... 277 Clarke, B. G., and Moffet, C. E .: Silico sis in soft coal miners...................... 176 Chloracetic acid, acute oral toxicity of ~ (Woodard et al.)............................... 78 Chrysene, carcinogenic effect of an thracene and, effect of subcutane ous injection in rats (Pollia)......... 449 Clemmesen, J .: Cancer and occupa tion in Denmark, 1935-1939........... 457 Climenko, D. R., see Robinson, E. J. Collier, H. E.: Outlines of industrial medical practice........................... 127 Compensation, workmen's, accidental injuries and medico-legal aspects of (Kessler).............................. 412 workmen's, of occupational diseases (T elek y )............................................ 353 Creskoff, A. J., see Lewey, F. H. Deichmann, W.: Toxicity of methyl, ethyl and n-butyl methacrylate... 343 Dichloracetic acid, acute oral toxicity of (Woodard et al.)............................... 78 Diseases, occupational, industrial hy giene and, course outline and digest of lectures........................................... 457 of workers (Ramazzini)..................... 52 trauma and (Brahdy, Kahn)......... 454 Drabkin, D. L., see Lewey, F. H. Drinker, P., see Tebbens, D. B. Dudley, H. C., and Miller, J. W.: Toxi cology of selenium. VI. Effects of subacute exposure to hydrogen selenide.............................. 470 Dust counting, microprojection screen (Williams, Silverman)...................... 452 counting, modified eyepiece microm e te r for (H a rris ).................................... 148 sampling, portable unit (Silverman, Thomts) ........................................... 252 493 'S tudio sull' asbestosi nelle manifat- P ublic health adm inistbation in $ the TUBE DI AMIANTO. (STUDY OF ASBESTOSIS IN THE MANUFACTUBE OF ASBESTOS.) By Enrico C. Vigliani. Paper. Pp. 74. Ente naz. di Propaganda per la Prev. deg. Infortuni, Turin, 1940 (40 1.) The author surveys briefly the literature and gives a good description of processes in asbestos textile work, especially in 4 facto ries. After some chemical examination of different kinds of asbestos, the results of dust counts made by thermal precipitator and konimeter are quoted. 40% of the particles are under 1 dust counts ranged from 110-5300 per cc., being highest in the early stages of the work ;in the carding room the count was 360-3300, in the spinning room 80-420, and in the weaving room, 100-2800. In three plants each worker was examined and in the fourth, only those who had worked more than 6 yrs.; altogether 439 persons were included. 350 were x-rayed, 200 of them twice. Most of the workers were women. Among the 150 persons work ing more than 6 yrs., 60% had coughs, 35% were dyspneic, 27% had slight dulness at the bases of the lungs, and 39% had crep itant rales. The corresponding figures for the 72 persons suffering asbestosis were 82%, 65%, 51% and 70%. Of all the work u n it e d st a t e s. By Wilson O. Smillie. 2d edition. Cloth. Pp. xiv + 553. Mac millan Co., New York, 1940 ($3.75). This is a second edition of a book origi nally reviewed 4 years ago in this Journal (Vol. 18, p. 89). The original edition has been enlarged by about 100 pages, brought up to date and materially strengthened. It gives a thoughtful and well balanced view of the field and should be valuable to the industrial hygienist who desires to understand the general public health background of the community in which he works.--C.-E. A. Winslow. S tatistical calculation fo b b e o in n e b s. By E. G. Chambers. Cloth. Pp. viii + 110. Cambridge University Press, London, 1940. (7 s. 6 d.) The non-mathematical student or re search worker often experiences difficulty with the calculations involved in even the commoner statistical methods, and he will welcome the appearance of this little book. It is not in any way intended as a textbook on the theory of statistics, and only con tains enough theory to enable the reader to understand and apply the methods de ers, 9.6% had asbestosis warts, 66% of those who worked more than 6 yrs. had fibrosis, and in the preparation process, 10 of 11. The frequency of asbestosis in creases with the average concentration of inhaled dust. It is remarkable that there was no case of tuberculosis among the workers and no case of pulmonary cancer, although there was one case of malignant lympho-granuloma of the mediastinum. This carefully prepared publication is accompanied by a large number of valuable illustrations, first of the manufacturing processes, then of the dust, and finally of the roentgenograms of 49 cases of asbestoses in different stages.--L. Teleky. * scribed. Its one purpose is to explain as simply as possible how the calculations should be performed. Mathematical abil ity on the part of the reader is not assumed; all the calculations described involve the use of arithmetic only. A worked example of each method given is provided, and exer cises with answers are a useful feature. The author has addressed the book chiefly to students of psychology and the other biological sciences, but it should be pf great use to any who have to employ elementary statistical methods and many research workers will find it a useful desk book.--T. Bedford. ' 90 ] and evebyday life. By J Haldane. Cloth. Pp. 284. Ma< Company, New York, 1940 (S2.< This book is full of interesting sc facts concerning our daily life. W gifted ability to simplify complex pr the author writes on some seventy and provocative subjects such as evo Weather, air hygiene, "synthetic" su , mysterious gifts of Orientals, < d5K $ ' 214 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY PAGE Aluminum, copper, silver, manganese, Aromatics, detection of, in air (Gilbert, lead and tin in normal biological Tannich).................. 15 materials (Kehoe, Choiak, Story).. 59 Arsenic and goitre (Sharpless, Metzger) 148 magnesium, zinc powder, dust explo effect of sodium thiosulfate on excre sion hazard in handling (Brown).. 126 tion of (Ceder, Zon, Klinger)......... 149 metallic, prevention of silicosis How technic for microestimation of (Jotten)............................................. 76 (Wilkinson, Greenham)................... 77 Ammonia, anhydrous (Quinn, Carr)__ 202 hyperkeratosis, Reichenstein disease chlorine, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen (Gottron).......................................... 61 sulfide, sulfur dioxide gases, tox in hair and nails (Szep)..................... 121 icity of (Pts. 1-5) (McCallan, Set- ingestion and excretion in man, lead terstrom and others)....................... 52 and (Webster).................................. 201 Amyl nitrite, quantitative determina injury to skin with trophic ulcerations tion and decomposition (Horswell, (Musger).................. _.............. . 61 Silverman)........................................ 206 melanosis: demonstration of patients Andrews, J. B.: Progress of state in (Fleischmann).................................. 10 surance funds under workmen's Arsenic poisoning, acute, in combatting compensation. A quarter century potato bug (Symanski)................... 50 of American experience................... 43 chronic, in vineyard workers, re Anemia, carbon monoxide (Killick). . . . 10 search (v. Pein)............................... 149 in chronic poisoning, study of chronic, of vineyard workers (Scaglioni)...... ................................. 54 (Straube)................................. 35 Angina repeated, without neutropenia, chronic, peripheral circulatory dis atypical hemopathy caused by turbances in (Butzengeiger).......... 202 benzene (Aubertin, Durhovsky)... 34 diagnosis and treatment (Roden- Aniline bladder tumors, experimental acker)................................................ 118 studies (Morigami, Nisimura)........ 147 in vineyard workers (Matras)......... 94 poisoning, hematological changes in occupational, of vineyard workers (Seghini)........................................... 202 (Frohn)............................................. 50 Anoxia, acute progressive, cardiac adap Arsenic polyneuritis, Mees nail band tations in (Wiggers)........................ 80 in (Wigand)...................................... 35 altitude and (Roger)........................... 65 rapid method for determining, by repeated, effects on brain (Thorner, distillation (Frankel)...................... 59 Lewy)................................................ 39 trioxide, effect of yellow phosphorus Anthony, A. W., Jr., see Klein- and, on bones and teeth (Adams, schmidt, R. V. Sarnat).............................................. 181 Anthracite dust, adsorption of early Arsenite and caustic soda spray, pro products of bovine tubercle bacilli tection against dermatitis caused in rabbits by (Cummins)................ 204 / by............................................ 189 Anthrax bacilli, virulence of (v. Baza).. 174 , Asbestos dust and asbestotic lungs, bacteremia, malignant pustule with ultramicroscopic examination of (Bonnenfaut, Remond, Ternois)... 30 (Ktihn)............................................... 205 malignant postule (Matras)............... 79 dust, pulmonary cancer produced of kidney, clinical study (Ercole, experimentally by (Nordmann, Fort).................................................. 199 Sorge)................................................ 184 protection of workers at a tannery I plants, methods of avoiding dust (Begrich)................................... 72 danger............................................... 78 treatment of (Lucchesi, Gilder- Asbestosis (Bohne)................................... 57 sleeve)............................................... I ll dust retaining ability of nose in Antimony, toxicity of, animal studies (Ehrhardt)........................................ 120 (Bradley, Frederick)....................... 116 Appendicitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, in grinders and drillers of brake occurrence of, 1931-1940, disabling bands (Brachmann)......................... 76 morbidity among workers (Gafafer) 25 protection against (Prockat, Apprentice boys ana girls in Vienna, Windel).............................................. 14 body dimensions and growth pulmonary (Ellman)........................... 205 (Brezina)........................................... 65 pulmonary, with tuberculosis, case Archer-Hall, H. W.: Industrial injuries (Hannesson)..................................... 185 of the eye.......................................... 188 reduction of bodily efficiency in Argentina, osteopetrosis in .................... 32 (Roemheld)....................................... 57 Arndt, W. D.: Partial onycholysis of V struggle against(Ehrhardt).............. 77 mechanical etiology with simul Asmussen, E .: The cardiac output in taneous trophic disturbances......... 158 Arnett, J. H.: Vital capacity of the rest and work in humid heat......... 42 lungs in middle age. Results of and Chiodi, H .: The effect of hy- periodical examinations of men of 4 poxemia on ventilation and circu- sedentary occupation...................... 190 ' lation in man................................... 128 ABSTRAC Asmussen, E. and Consolazi The circulation in rest am Mount Evans (43,000 m). Wilson, J. W., and Dill, D. monal influences on carb metabolism during work.. Asphalt as antigen (Hasche-Kl Asthma, bronchial, as occi disease (Holtzman)........... bronchial, asphalt as (Hasche-KKinder)............. Atmospheric pollution, report ended 31st March 1939,25ti Aubertin, C., and Durhovsi Atypical hemopathy ca\ ; bneenuztreonpe:enRiae.p..e..a.t.e..d....a..n..g..i.n..a. Australia, invalid and old age pe; I' lungs of coal miners in NeWales (Badham, Taylor).. report of Director-General c. Health, New South Wa dustrial hygiene section) 1'. (Badham)........................... Auten, H. L., see Walter, S., J Aviation deafness, acute and (Campbell, Hargreaves)... medicine, aspects of (Ryan, nature of pain in high flights sov)..................................... psychological factors in (Hi Erickson)............................ : Aviators, influence of aircraft i ance on selection and (Poppen)............................. , physiology of (Roger).......... Babudieri, B., and Bianchl, 1 search on an epidemic of le] in the rice fields of Pavia.. Bacteria, enteric, leaflet on carri Badham, C.: Report of the D General of Public Healtl South Wales, for the year 1 Report of the Director-Ger. Public Health, New South * for the year 1938................. and Taylor, H. B .: The lungs miners in New South Wales, cal analysis and pathology. Bakers eczema, follow-up exami in cases of (Jentsch)........... Balacz, J.: Fatal occupational ing by trinitrotoluene......... Bambach, K., and Choiak, J. trolytic deposition of leai biological material.............. Bareggi, B., see Massione, R. Barite pneumoconiosis (S Valdim)................................ Barnes, M. E., see Rooks, R. Barton, L. V.: Toxicity of am chlorine, hydrogen cyanide, gen sulfide, and sulfur dioxidi IV. Seeds............................. Barzin, J .:New research on the p: cology and toxicology of ind organic solvents.................... OTCOLOGY [vol, 23, no. 9 )F THE EARLY PRODUCTS OF SRCLE BACILLI IN RABBITS BY d u st . S. L. Cummins. Brit. ', p. 623 {Nov. 9, 191,0). axperiments on rabbits were an attempt to show whether f living tubercle bacilli were anthracite dust. In the first >up of rabbits was intratraited with a living emulsion of ilent bovine tubercle bacilli, up was given anthracite dust virulent bacilli. The second d considerably longer than ill rabbits died of generalized nd postmortem examination se collars of tuberculosis trachea. Therefore, in the the material was introduced jber catheter which was di. the larynx. Again, 2 groups All 3 rabbits in the first iad received only the virulent ' acute generalized tuberculoge period of 75 days. Of the received the bacilli plus the t, 2 died in an average period In both the tuberculosis was 1than the first group. 1 rab>nd group remained well and ain weight. This rabbit was after infection and no trace a was found in the organs or microscopically, columns of ucocytes crowded together, ithin lymphatics, were obain areas of lung substance, st was also seen in lung secacheobronchial lymph nodes, n is drawn that the addition antity of anthracite dust to ring tubercle bacilli led, in heir survival for considerably ; than the 5 control rabbits illi alone, and, in one, to very up to 6 mos. This s due to the adsorption by t of a proportion of the toxic iving tubercle bacilli in the l H. Cohen. {Am. Rev. Tb.) .ICIC ACID ON PHAGOCYTOSIS. and L. Piccioli. Med. del !, pp. 19-28 { m i ) . I / Nov. m i] ABSTRACTS 205 Experiments in vitro. The admixture of fine Si02 dust in tiny doses to blood (0.25 mg./cc. blood) slowly diminishes phago cytosis. 0.75 mg. increases it by 130140% but higher doses have only a slight effect. SiCh dissolved in the blood increases phagocytosis up to 130%.--L. Teleky. E ffect of silicic acid on phagocytosis. E. Zanetti and L. Piccioli. Med. del lavoro, vol. 32, pp. 39-45 {1941). The authors performed experiments in vitro and concluded that SiCh in a suspen sion of 1.5/1000 and in a filtrate increases phagocytosis. This increase is brought about by stimulation of the leucocytes which increases either the number of phagocytosed bacilli or the number of phagocytozing leucocytes.--L. Teleky. in determination of the refractive index, the author found that the particles in the lungs are hornblende; serpentine particles could not be found. But this does not apply to the smallest ultramicroscopic needles, as ultramicroscopic methods and the method of determining refractive index cannot be combined. The author concludes that these tiny particles are also hornblende, and that, since serpentine could not be found in the lungs, it must be dissolved. The hornblende shows no signs of decomposition. Kiihn believes, therefore, that hornblende is harmless and that only serpentine pro duces asbestosis [the opposite conclusion would be tenable also. L. T.\. As the filters of respirators do not exclude particles less than 0.2 p they cannot prevent the finest particles from reaching the lungs.-- L. Teleky. U ltramicroscopic ex am in a tio n of a s b esto s DUST AND ASBESTOTIC LUNGS. J. Kiihn. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., vol. 10, pp. 473-485 {1941). With the ultramicroscope the author examined different kinds of asbestos and asbestos dust from lung tissue, and presents many interesting pictures magnified from 10,800 to 29,000 times. Very small needleshaped particles up to 6 mp in diameter and 400 mp in length have been found in the lungs. By use of the ordinary microscope P ulm onary a s b e st o sis. P. Ellman. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., vol. 34, p. 557 {July 1941). Ellman presents very briefly the history of a woman, now 45 yrs. of age, who worked for a year in 1910 sewing asbestos mat tresses. Her sputum contains asbestosis bodies even now. In 1933 she noticed dyspnea, lassitude, cough and loss of weight. There was impairment at the base of both lungs, crackling rales and diffuse basal fibrosis, with some mid-zone involvement.-- Helen Lawson. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND VAPORS: THEIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION D eterm inatio n o f lead in biological m aterial. A m ixed color dithizone method. F. L. Kozelka and E. F. Kluchesky. Ind. Eng. Chem. {Anal. Ed.), vol. IS, pp. 492-494 {July 15,1941). The authors describe a simplified mixedcolor dithizone method for the determina tion of lead in urine, blood, the soft tissues and bone. The material is acid ashed and treated with sulfurous acid, the .purpose of which is to reduce the iron and to oxidize the tin which would otherwise cause inter ference in the procedure. The method eliminates the necessity of removing the excess dithizone or preparing standard dithizone solutions. Consistent recoveries of \p gm. of lead are obtainable.--L. T. Fairhall. E lectrolytic deposition of lead from biological m a ter ia l. K . BamJbach and J. Cholak. Ind. Eng. Chem. {Anal. Ed.), vol. IS, pp. 504-505 {July 15,1941). In a new method for the electrolytic deposition of traces of lead from biological material, the solution of the ashed sample is electrolysed directly, without previous separation of the lead. The electrodes can be washed and other metals can be complexed, so that the lead deposit on thecathode is often almost entirely free from other substances. The lead can then be determined by the use of dithizone, the polarograph, or by other methods.--Au thors' summary. 7 8 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY M . s v> M ethods of avoiding the d ust danger in ASBESTOS PLANTS, VALID FROM AUGUST 1, 1940. Arbesschutz, pp. 868-865 (1940). The methods were worked out by the association of insurance corporations, to gether with the corporation most interested and the German factory inspectors. contain prescriptions regarding systems, the efficiency of which mu.-tested by the insurance corpora!i.-, the office for controlling dust, iouii.j. , their association.--L. Teleky. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND SPECIAL SENSES A NEW INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DERMATITIS. K . O. Stingily. South. Med. J., vol. 88, p p . 1868-1871 (Dec. m i ) . A fungicide, sodium tetrachlorphenoxide, is employed to rid lumber of a fungus that causes injury and discoloration. This chemical has been observed to cause a fairly characteristic dermatitis. Those afflicted come in direct contact with the material in solution and the exposed parts of the body show the lesions. First knowledge of the contact is a sensa tion of burning which soon subsides, leaving an erythematous patch. In a few hours this vesiculates, and after 24-48 hrs. it ruptures, leaving an ulcer. Conjunctivitis is fre quent, and burning on urination has been noted. The ulcers may persist for months or years. The material from the ulcer apparently is capable- of local auto inoculation. Histologically there is epithelial hyper plasia on the edges and a central exudative reaction characterized by collections of polynuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial leucocytes. Because of the property of auto-inocula tion of the ulcerative lesion, it is suggested that a second degree fungus infection may be present. No pathogenic organisms have been grown from the wood. The treatment is not highly satisfactory; the author believes that curettage and acetic acid wash has beneficial effects.-- Louis G. Welt. D e b r is boot d e r m a t it is. M. Dome and T. B. Friedman. J. A. M. A., vol. 115, pp. i m - m o (Oct. n , 1940). A case of dermatitis in a florist's helper was traced to derris root with which he had worked. Derris root rarely causes derma titis and it is not a contact irritant. The disease was probably caused either by inhalation or by absorption through lacer ated skin. The substance produces d. r;a*. titis by a true antigen-antibody r.-a, ti as indicated by positive intracut:un-..u tests and by positive passive tramirr reaction. Avoidance of exposure is rcr,,m. mended to sensitive individuals.-- Rupert. Occupational derm atitis from h a n d u ss RESIN-LINED TIN CANS. L . Sehwnrl; and J. P. Russell. J . A. M. A., vol. U5, pp 44S-449 (Aug. 10, 1940). . Workers unloading and storing new tin cans complained of a dermatitis principally in the cubital spaces and axillas. l>u.i! from the cans was said to be the irrii:,r. Cans were lined with a vinylite resin the manufacturer would not divide" \\i .plasticizers and driers were used. i. men complaining of the dermatitis had a!i worked for some time before they w affected. Patch tests were performed a:.: 2 of the 3 tests were positive, dm-: affected workers did not suffer after Ur . were removed from exposure. The plasticizer is considered to he i ; cause of the trouble but this could not i,. determined with certainty.--Helen Laiiv n. Occupatio nal d e r m a t it is (o il ), d <7. Lane. Arch. Dermatol. & Syphil. (.s',... trans.), vol. 43, p. I84 (Jan. 1941). Dr. Lane describes the case of a OS yr. old machinist who for 3 yrs. had a de r ma titis of the face, arms, axillas and lnv.vr abdomen. There were scattered areas .-if tan-brown hyperkeratotic follicles and follicular plugs. Keratoses were present on the scrotum and there were keratoti areas on the arms. Autopsy revcali ! carcinoma of the esophagus. Dr. Lat; believes the skin changes to be due to oil to which the man was exposed in his Id yrs. as a machinist, and that the condition is that described by White among machin- 120 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY [vol. 23, no. 6 DUST HAZARDS AND THEIR EFFECTS C linical evaluation of disability in PULMONARY DISEASES OF INDUSTRY. E. Mayer. J. A. M. A., vol. 116, pp. 97-100 (Jan. 11, 1941). The author gives his experiences as a member of the New York State Department of Labor board of impartial consultants, which reviews controversial claims for com pensation due to disability acquired in industry. Apparently two types of prob lems present themselves: where pulmonary disease is obviously related to a definite industrial hazard and disability is claimed --it must be decided whether the disease which is present is disabling; the other type of problem is that in which the patient is obviously disabled, but the difficulty is to determine whether or not the disability is related directly to his occupation. The author attacks these problems under the headings of etiology; the production of lung injury and the anatomic results of such injury; the recognition of pulmonary ill nesses ; and how such illnesses produce pul monary incapacity, particularly with re spect to reliable clinical and laboratory pro cedures for determining such disability. Two case reports are given as illustrative of the procedures used. Three different types of tests of pul monary function are cited and discussed in detail: ventilation, or the ability of the lung to inflate and deflate with air; gas ex change tests which measure the oxygen debt, the oxygen deficit, and the oxygen un saturation of the hemoglobin of the arterial blood; finally, by measurement of the effi ciency of the pulmonary circulation. In conclusion, the author submits a classi fication of disability grading for the con sideration of specific application to pul monary diseases of industry: in the so-called "phase of compensation," pulmonary fibro sis and emphysema are present to a con siderable degree (however in this stage the emphysema is still compensatory in char acter and does not restrict the functional capacity for moderate exercise); in "latent decompensation," fibrosis and emphysema are of extensive degree and there'Sp marked restriction of exercise capacity with dyspnea occurring readily on moderate exercise; in so-called "manifest decompensation," the fibrosis and emphysema are of such marked degree as to be associated with more or less constant dyspnea even while patient is at rest.--C. O. Sappington. Silicosis from porphyry. C ontribution TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SUBACUTE SILI COSIS. E. Gaubatz. Fortschr. a.d. Geb. der Rontgenstr., vol. 62, pp. 395-404 (1940). In the district mentioned by the author, the quartz porphyry contains quartz and orthoclase in equal parts. 10 yrs. ago a 220 m. tunnel was built in a period of 9 mos. The drilling was done dry. Of the 6 drillers employed, 3 died of silicosis and two are suffering from medium to serious silicosis. 2 workers employed to carry the material away are still free of symptoms. Drilling and crushing results in silicosis over a period of 1-3 yrs. The author presents case his tories and pictures. In the introduction he discusses at length observations on the dangerous effects of granites, porphyries, basalts, etc. but without realizing the differ ence between quartz and silicates.-- L. Teleky. T he dust retaining ability of the nose y IN a sb e st o sis. W. Ehrhardt. Arch. f. Y Gewerbepath., vol. 10, pp. 309-325 (1940). The author examined the dust-retainim; ability of the nose in 238 asbestos worker-. following Lehmann's directions carefully. No constant relation between this ability and disposition to asbestosis could be dis covered. There was a decreased dustretention capacity (below 40%) in several men who showed asbestotic lung change.-, but many workers remained healthy in spitof a low capacity. Both men with really severe asbestosis had a good dust retaining capacity (more than 40%). The author concludes that this test has no essential value and may be abandoned in the jnvemployment examination of asbestos work ers.--L. Teleky. June, 1941] DUST, SMOKE, FUMES A: 4, Industrial air analysis: a des OF SOME OF THE CHEMICAL MET]. PLOYED IN THE LABORATORY. Burke, S. Moskowilz, J. Siegel Dolin and C. B. Ford. N. Y. Sh Lab., Div. Ind. Hyg. (mimeograj date. Various instruments and chemi physical procedures for laboratory : analyses of air are presented. Am instruments described are the CO in combustible gas indicator, interfer H2S indicator, the Nordlnder ap for mercury, the Woodland mercur. detector, various types of absorptb and bottles and the Tebbens com apparatus for chlorinated hydro The chemical procedures which scribed consist of methods for dete Pb, Zn, and Cu both when present; in combination, the determination zene vapor, mercury in dust, and II and formaldehyde and methanol The physical methods, outside of tl corporated in the instruments listed consist of the adsorption of organic on charcoal, silica gel, etc., and the . tion of vapors and gases in liquid m In general specific methods are pr< for determining the following com] CO, Pb, Zn, Cu, CHe,Hg, H2S, CS2, . dehyde and halogenated hydroc; Also, methods are given for determ: -of the combustible limits of variouand the gravimetric estimation of vapors when present singly or in proportions. The methods given are support references and experimental data should be of inestimable aid to the ind hygienist. In this connection it mi; pointed out that more recent work 1 shows the diethylamine reaction to 1 as convenient and several times more tive than the copper xanthate one. In the lead and zinc determination not made clear by the authors the ba the preferential determination of lc the presence of zinc. This apparently :fact that the zinc-dithizone complex `contrast to the lead-dithizone complc tracted with 0.5% KCN. Also the 7 6 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY [voi. SS, no. 4 shops are some of the typical results. To avoid such hazardous conditions, the Division of Industrial Hygiene writes letters to all plants in the State receiving de lease contracts. Medical, engineering and chemical aid is offered, and enclosed with the letter is a list of articles from the Division dealing with industrial hazards. Plants are visited to discover possible dangerous conditions.--Heien Lawson. DUST HAZARDS AND THEIR EFFECTS T h e silicotic n o d u le uv h u m a n a n d grindstone dust no silicotic changes were EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS.' A COMPARATIVE produced, only slight connective tissue and study. T. H. Belt, A. A. Ferris and capillary proliferation.--L. Teleky, E. J. King. J. Path, and Bacteriol., vol. 61, pp. S6S-S67 (Sept. 1940). The authors report on a comparative stu dy of silicotic lesions in man and those P r even tio n o f silicosis by metallic a lum in u m . Jotten. Arbeitsschutz, pp. produced in rats after a single intra-tracheal m - m (1940). injection of silicon dioxide, ranging from The author reports results of his experi 0.8 to 5 u. They stress the zone of fibrous ments on animals in which he used quartz tissue with practically no silica particles with 0.75% aluminum. (The Canadian ("redundant fibrous encapsulation") as an workers now employ greater amounts of important difference between silicosis as aluminum.) Dust was inhaled by rabbits seen in man and that in experimental for 6 hrs. daily and more or less typical animals, where they found such was lacking. silicotic changes were found in animals They also point out some differences in the surviving for a year. The positive findings character of the fibers and their pattern. occurred earlier than in the control animals, They speculate as to the possibility that in although the daily period of exposure was man the lesion may be complicated by shorter [??]. The author mentions briefly infection. Evidence as to the development that he experimented with 25 and 50% of the "redundant capsule" with an outer mixtures of aluminum silicate and found halo of dust is not submitted in this report, this material to diminish remarkably the A subsequent report is promised, and this effect of the quartz.--L. Teleky. point may then be clarified.--R. Z. Schulz. I nvestig atio ns comparing the danger TO THE LUNGS FROM NATURAL AND ARTI FICIAL GRINDSTONES IN GRINDING SHOPS. Grtner. Arbeitsschutz, pp. $46-949 (WO). There is a short report of investigations made by Jotten in order to give an expert opinion, by order of the German ministry of labor. The complete report will appear as number 15 of "Arbeitsmedizin," pub lished by I. A. Barth, Leipzig. Experi ments were made in which rabbits inhaled dust produced by crushing two natural grindstones and two artificial ones. Of the latter, one was compounded of minerals, the other of ceramic compounds, containing 25% insoluble mlicic acid. The dust of natural grindstuhes, containing 93.2 and 74.2% quartz, produced in the rabbits typical silicotic nodules. With the artificial / Silicosis from porphyry w ith a note on "acute sil ic o sis." Symanski. Arbeits schutz, pp. $79-974 (WO). Porphyry contains from 30 to 50% free silica. The author saw a man who had worked for 7 years as a quarryman but was endangered only during his 9 months' experience as a driller. He acquired a serious silicosis; 20 additional cases of silicosis from porphyry were seen, most of slight or medium degree.--L. Teleky. / A s b e s t o s is i n g r in d e r s a n d d r il l e r s of br ak e b a n d s. Brachmann. Arbeits schutz, pp. 179-174 (1940). Since 1937 workers in all asbestos manu facturing plants must be examined annually by the medical factory inspector in Saxony. The brakebands are made of sheets of asbestos, or are pressed out of asbestos Apr. 1941] waste products and a filler, impregi artificial resin. Afterwards the ba plates are ground and drilled, and roentgen examination of the and drillers and men who file in pieces showed a few light cases of ae after they had worked 2 yrs. Such asbestosis are found in nearly all after 5 yrs. employment.--L. Telel DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND V N otes on the how technique MICROESTIMATION OF ARSI Wilkinson and C. G. Greenhai tralian J. Exp. Biol, and Med. Set pp. S41-S49 (Dec. 1940). The authors suggest slight mod in preparing reagents and in using technic (Ind. & Eng. Chem., Anal 226,1938), to eliminate difficulties encountered. The How techn modification of Gutzeit's meth< were able to reproduce observat amounts of arsenic as low as --B. D. Tebbens. E stimation of halogbnated hyd VAPORS IN AIR. S. MoskOWitZ Burke. N. Y. Dept. Labor, Ini vol. 19, p. 9S9 (Dec. 1940). The authors have modified the described by Tebbens (T h is J. 1937). The 9) x 11* x 19' box rheostat, absorber, drying tube meter, with space for a combm It is operated at 0.75 l.p.m. and claim that they obtain approxim efficiency for chlorinated aliph: carbons but only 80-85% for a naphthalene. Sampling time to 1 hr., depending upon the co expected.--Helen Lawson. D eterm ination of carbon HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BLOOD B the photoelectric color: Havemann. Klin. Wchnschr pp. 1183-1186 (1940). A method is described whicl a short time. The photoele imeter used was constructed b; and is made by W. Kauh.au Dahlem. 1 cc. of blood, or e where there are signs and symptoms they are due to superimposed infection. "Chronicity of infection and slow pro gression of uncomplicated silicosis are the DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND VAPORS: THEIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION P r o tectio n a g a in s t a s b e s t o s is . F. Prockat and T. Windel. Staub. no. 10, pp. 264-283 (Nov. 1989). Brief reference ie made to a previously published paper in which it is pointed out that the asbestosis hazard depends not only on the chemical nature of the asbestos but also on the fineness of the individual fibers. H. T . Barnes showed that in American and Russian asbestos fibers of 0.75 a diameter were demonstrable. Roentgenographic in vestigations of asbestosis lungs using the Debye-Scherrer technic showed particles with diameters between 0.017 mand 0.081 n in large numbers. Recent investigation of finely ground Cape asbestos with a micro scope magnification of 27,000 showed that the fibrous structure of the asbestos is main tained down to the finest particles of only 0.02 m to 0.12 p thickness. From these findings the authors take the view that chemical and colloidal reactions must play a greater part in the genesis of asbestosis than some investigators hold to be the case. Investigations of the industrial problem in Germany have led to the conclusion that almost every operation with danger from asbestos dust can be rendered dustfree. Recommendations have been submitted to the relevant Ministry and the authors pro ceed in the present paper to present and amplify them. [Nineteen of the chief recommendations are listed in Bulletin of Hygiene abstract. They cover exhaust ventilation, care of apparatus, good house keeping, dust counts, etc.]--M. W. Goldblatt, Bull. Hyg., (p. 848, June, 1940). D u st control in t h e granite ind u str y . IF. C. L. Hemeon. Heating and Ventilat ing, vol. 37, pp. 41-48 (Aug. 1940). Cloth filter dust collectors are employed almost exclusively in the granite cutting sheds. It has been common practice to specify a filter of such size that the filtra tion velocity (air flow in c.f.m. divided by the cloth area in square feet) will be about 3 ft. per min. The author presents the results of a study of the operating character istics of commercial size filters handling granite dust. He concludes that if certain precautions of design are observed, to gether with the elementary ones of shaking bags at least twice a day and emptying hoppers before they are full, there appears to be no good mechanical reason why filters of the cloth tube type should always be limited to the size commonly fixed by the 3 f.p.m. rule. These principles are appli cable to the filtration of all kinds of dust from air.--F. S. Malletle. S ilica d u st control a t h iw a ssee dam. L. P . Hatch and D. F. Shaw. Civil Eng., vol. 10, pp. m -5 8 6 (Sept. 1940). Crushed stone aggregate was produced on the job for the concrete employed at the Hiwassee Dam. Since the rock contained 60-80% free silica, adequate control meth ods were required in the crushing operation. A wet method, using 9 gals, of water per ton of rock, and an exhaust method used at strategic points were both necessary, al though the wet method was more effective. An interesting table shows dust concen trations at various points in the operation with and without control.--George M. Reece. F low pattern a n d pr e ssu r e drop in CYCLONE DUST COLLECTORS--CYCLONE w it h o u t in l e t v a n e . C. B. Shepherd and C. E. Lapple. Ind. <fc Eng. Chem,, vol. 82, pp. 1248-1248 (Sept., 1940). The authors in this second paper show experimentally that the friction loss is doubled when the inlet vane is omitted. Spiral velocities also increase. The mech anism by which the pressure drop is in creased is, in their opinion, one of velocity distribution and not entrance impact . The corrections to be used for a typical example are shown.--Leslie Silverman. V apors and th eir routine meas P . Drinker. Am. J. Pub. li 80, pp. 1088-1067 (Sept. 1940) With most vapors and gases 1 hazards arise from continuous oi exposures to relatively low conce The hygienic importance of t) makes routine air sampling a necessity in many industries, sampling, continuous recording in : offer a number of obvious advan the usual small grab sampling m |^The author discusses the pb. chemical properties of several ,toxio gases and vapors which < been or might be utilized as a bar to construct continuous record ments. Among such propertk thermal measurements of oxida tension, reactions producing col conductivity and absorption energy. Recording instrumen NjO, HjS, CS2 and smoke ar and the use of the Thomas met vapors besides SO2 is suggested bility.--S. W. Gurney. Aspirating u n it for collecti p l e s . L. Silverman and W. k Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., j 882-688 (Nov. IS, 1940). Two 5-gal. gasoline cans are r rotatable arrangement one abc so that the upper one, filled wi: be emptied into the lower one a rate. The arrangement can 1 for drawing air through bubbl gas sampling devices. It i ; applicable in factories when driven suction devices cam It can be mounted on casto ing about and can be ca automobile without dismour Drinker. A METHOD OF PRODUCING AI TUBES IN GAS OR FUME C Silverman. Rev. Sci. Instri , p. 846 (Oct., 1940). Describes a simple syringe vice by means of which corn easily produced and increas man. 184 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY [vol. 23, not less than 100 f.p.m. at the face should be provided. In general, good housekeeping and removal of the dust at its source are essentials.--F. F. Rupert. P o ssib l e ' respiratory irr ita nt from COTTON DUST OR COTTON DYES. J . A. M. A. (Queries and minor notes), vol. 116, p. 2449 (May 24, m i ) . The inquirer asks what dyes or other sub stance might be present in khaki-colored cotton now being made up into coveralls, etc. for army personnel. Women cutting and handling this material complain of sore throats and nasal irritation, and one girl has a severe epistaxis. Ordinarily dyes cause a dermatitis but respiratory irritation might possibly de velop from them. In this case sulfur brown might be the offender. Chromates (usually used only on tent and tarpaulin material) would irritate the nose, and catechu (from acacia catechu) is another possible source of trouble. It may be that the cotton dust itself is to blame and in this connection reference is made to the English work on the subject. Histamine, if present in the cotton, must also be considered.--Helen Lawson. T he q u e s t io n o f s e r ia l e x a m in a t io n s of WORKERS EXPOSED TO DUST, BY MEANS OF MINIATURE ROENTGENOGRAMS. E. Saupe. am- Arch. f. Gewerbepath., vol. 10, pp. 9S-96 Miniature pictures make it possible at low cost and in a short time to examine many men, and the method has been used in making serial examinations of different groups. The size most frequently used is 24 sq. mm. (0.95 sq. in.). Silicosis of the second stage is easily seen with certainty and the first stage can as a rule be recog nized, but only if the technic is faultless. The miniature method must be improved, as it is only in its infancy, and must be followed by reports and by taking normal films in all suspicious cases.--L. Teleky. S ilic iu m , sil ic a t e s, sil ic o s is. W. Giese. Klin. Wchnschr., vol. 19, pp. 668-560 (1940). Very interesting experiments are de scribed on animals in ages up to 3 yr., 7 mos. or 4 yrs. Rabbits were injected intra venously with finely ground silicate dust.; clay, feldspar, sericite. Deposits of thdust were found in the spleen, liver and lymph glands but nowhere was there found an increase of fibrous tissue--this kind dust does not produce fibrosis. <)|,d (amorphous silicic acid) was also inject, d It was then found that large deposits of dust were present with many giant cells, but to new formation of fibrous tissue. Opal imore soluble than quartz; therefore, tieconclusion must be made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the fibrous-producing sub stance alone. Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis. The author also in jected dust taken from markedly silicotic lung tissue, and this dust again produced silicosis. A diminution of the quantity of injected dust could not be found. The author was able to show the forma tion of a covering, characteristic of asbestosis bodies, by feldspar, sericite and also opal, but in the smallest particles only, in the cellules. He concludes that dissol ved silicic acid but not the quartz may produce this covering. He concludes: The quart/, shows no morphologically dem onstrable appearance of dissolution; in the tissue the dust deposited in callosities retains its fibrous producing effect. Although the silicates and opal deliver dissolved silicic acid, no fibrosis is produced, therefore dis solved silicic acid cannot be the cause of callosities. It was not possible to produce fibrosis or silicosis by some silicates, and it may be impossible to do so by other silicates also.--L. Teleky. P ulmonary cancer produced by asbestos d u s t i n e x p e r im e n t a l a n im a l s . /V. Nordmann and A . Sorge. Ztschr. f. Krebsforsch., vol. 61, pp. 168-182 (1941). The authors first quote the interesting research on pulmonary cancer in asbestos workers by the senior author (see T his J., abstracts, p. 184, 1938). They caused 150 mice to inhale asbestos dust, but the last 50 of them died in an epidemic. The first 50 inhaled asbestos dust for 47-54 days, 3 | to 5 hrs. a day; the second 50 inhaled it for 79-90 days. A small number of asbestosis bodies were found after the 20th experi mental week, as well as pronounced degrees lOct. 1941] of diffuse fibrosis. Prolifera bronchial epithelium was foun weeks, such hyperplasias em neighboring alveoli. That wat a metaplasia to pavement eph cornification, which later seer transition to malignant neop very difficult to draw a line betv fx The first well-developed cai found after 240 days. By thi 10of the mice had survived and: were found among them. In th :33 of 50 mice lived longer tha showed abnormal growth of the 5 metaplasias and cancer. It; series, 28 lived more than 6 wk; p abnormal growth, 5 metaplasia/ ing cancer.--L. Teleky. 1A c a se o f pu l m o n a r y a s b e s pa n ied by tuberculosis, h Tubercle, vol. 22, pp. 40-44 (F. From 1933-1939 inclusive, t known deaths from asbestos Britain, of which 32 were ass tuberculosis. The case deset that of a 44 yr. old man who asbestos blower, in which oc DUST, SMOKE, FUME; M ineralogical exam inatio silicosis question (deterTHE SOLUTION OF QUARTZ IN body). H. J. Helmers am Jahrbuch d. Preuss. Geol. L Berlin., vol. 69, pp. 727-764 in Zbl.f. d. ges. Hyg., vol. 47, Parts of the lungs of a silicoti examined. Sericite, kaolin i were the most important subst there was no quartz. But upt the wash liquor, an important colloidal silicic acid was silicic acid must have been c silica dissolved in the lung, think that the pH is most imp< procedure, and that corresr plays an important part in det course of the disease. The d stances correspond to the phy.reaction of the dust particles ; TOXICOLOGY (vol. 23, no. 8 s. Rabbits were injected intrath finely ground silicate dusts: >ar, sericite. Deposits of the ound in the spleen, liver and Is but nowhere was there found of fibrous tissue--this kind of not produce fibrosis. Opal silicic acid) was also injected, ound that large deposits of dust t with many giant cells, but no ion of fibrous tissue. Opal is e than quartz; therefore, the iust be made that the dissolved 5not the fibrous-producing sub. Quartz is the only substance ilicosis. The author also intaken from markedly silicotic and this dust again produced diminution of the quantity of t could not be found. >r was able to show the formaovering, characteristic of as hes, by feldspar, sericite and .t in the smallest particles only, s. He concludes that dissolved >ut not the quartz may produce g. He concludes: The quartz morphologically demonstrable if dissolution; in the tissue the ted in callosities retains its ducing effect. Although the 1 opal deliver dissolved silicic osis is produced, therefore disc acid cannot be the cause of It was not possible to produce licosis by some silicates, and it issible to do so by other silicates leky. CANCER PRODUCED BY ASBESTOS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. M. and A . Sorge. Ztschr. f. Kreba,61,-pp. 168-m (1941): >rs first quote the interesting pulmonary -cancer in asbestos the senior author (see T his J., . 184, 1938). They causod 150 le asbestos dust, but the last 50 1 in an epidemic. The first 50 stos dust for 47-54 days, 31 to ; the second 50 inhaled it for A small number of asbestosiB found after the 20th experi, as well as pronounced degrees ABSTRACTS of diffuse fibrosis. Proliferation of the supplied asbestosis to a cleaning machine. bronchial epithelium was found after some Although he had been given a respirator, weeks, such hyperplasias encroaching on and the dust was heavy, he never wore it. neighboring alveoli. That was followed by On admission he was very thin, had a a metaplasia to pavement epithelium with high temperature, an emphysematous chest cornification, which later seemed to be a and bilateral crepitations over wide areas. transition to malignant neoplasm. It is Clubbing of the fingers was marked and the very difficult tb draw a line between the two. sputum contained both asbestosis bodies The first well-developed carcinoma was and tubercle bacilli. The roentgenogram found after 240 days. By this time only showed "widespread progressive nodular 10 of the mice had survived and 2 carcinomas tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in were found among them. In the first series, all zones of the right lung fields and in the 33 of 50 mice lived longer than 6 wks.; 14 upper and mid zones of the left lung showed abnormal growth of the epithelium, fields. . . . The right dome of the dia 5 metaplasias and cancer. In the second phragm was elevated. There was no radio- series, 28 lived more than 6 wks., 16 showed graphic evidence of pneumoconiosis." A abnormal growth, 5 metaplasias and cornifi- diagnosis of asbestosis and tuberculosis ing cancer.--L. Teleky. was made. The patient died within a month of spontaneous pneumothorax. Pul / A CASE OF PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS ACCOM PANIED by t u b e r c u l o sis. H. Hannesson. Tubercle, vol. 22, pp. 40-44 (Feb. 1941). From 1933-1939 inclusive, there were 90 known deaths from asbestosis in Great Britain, of which 32 were associated with tuberculosis. The case described here is monary findings of the lungs showed both to have extensive fibro-caseous tuberculosis with cavitation; macroscopically they were like those of pure tuberculosis. The micro scopic examination, performed by Dr. Gloyne, disclosed caseous tuberculosis with many tubercle bacilli and typical reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura. that of a 44 yr. old man who had been an Diagnosis of the pure and complicated asbestos blower, in which occupation he disease is discussed.--Helen Lawson. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND VAPORS: THEIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION MlNERALOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SILICOSIS QUESTION (DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUTION OF QUARTZ IN THE HUMAN body). H. J. Helmers and H. Udluft. Jahrbuch d. Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, Berlin., vol. 59, pp. 727-754 (1989); Abst. in Zbl.f. d. ges. Hyg., vol. 41, V- 098 (1941). Parts of the lungs of a silicotic miner were examined. Sericite, kaolin and feldspar were the most important substances found; there was no quartz. But upon examining the wash liquor, an important quantity of colloidal silicic acid was found. This silicic acid must have been derived from silica dissolved in the lung. The authors think that the pH is most important in this procedure, and that correspondingly, it plays an important part in determining the course of the disease. The dissolved sub stances correspond to the physico-chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of the body, either eliminated without harm or producing callosities by precipitating out rom silicic acid.--L. Teleky. Structural examination by roentgen RAYS OF PNEUMOCONIOTIC LUNGS OF POR CELAIN w o rk ers. P t. 4. H. Grtner. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., vol. 10, pp. 151-168 (1940). The author describes dust seen in the lungs of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite worker. Both roentgen and chemical find ings are presented. Those on the porcelain workers are very interesting: In the first 2 lungs he could find no quartz lines in the roentgen picture, although by chemical analysis of the first, he found "18 mg. as crystalline silicic acid quartz," and in the second "similar values." However, he writes in his discussion of these lungs: "Silicic acid has been found neither in the Mar. m i] ABSTRACTS i 57 NON-FEBROUS METAL SMELTEBS IN UTAH. Div. Indust. Hyg., Nat. Inst. Health, V. S. Pub. Health Service, and the Utah State Board of Health, November, 1940. Pp. 310. (.Available from Div. Indust. Hyg., Utah State Board of Health, Salt Lake City.) In three representative soft coal mines 545 men were given full examinations and a study was made of their jobs. The highest free silica content of the dust breathed was 11% and the highest dust count was 38 million, with the exception of car loading, where it ran over 100 million. Perhaps these facts account for a very low silicosis incidence--15 men or 3% with first stage, 1 man with second stage and none with third stage silicosis. In three metal mines the dust exposures of 830 persons were studied. Less than 1% had dust exposures over 30 million particles and 86% were exposed to 6 to 30 million. Quartz concentrations averaged 30 10%, varying actually from quartz-free rock to pure quartzite. Physical examinations with detailed analysis were made of 727 mine workers. The silicosis problem was most severe among men at the working face where dust counts were highest. Silicosis was found in 9.1% and 5.8% were considered as border line cases. As in other studies, men with long ex posures were those most affected. There was considerable tuberculosis and some lead poisoning among the silicotics. In the smelting industry, 1511 men were examined from 1 lead and 1 copper smelter, of which 120 men were ruled out for statisti cal analysis because of previous exposures. Of the 1391 left, 2.7% showed evidence of silicosis and 4.5% had borderline cases. There were only 3 cases of second stage and no third stage cases. Pulmonary tuberculosis was higher than among the coal and metal miners, men over 30 being most affected. There were 41 cases or 2.9%, showing clinical manifestations of lead absorption, mostly men handling the raw ore and in the roasting process. There were 14 cases (1%) of acute disabling lead poisoning over the last 5 yrs. with an average disability of 1 month. Other possible hazards such as dermatitis, or other forms of arsenical poisoning are mentioned but were not important. These data are tabulated and charted in detail, as well as in summary form. The conclusions and recommendations introduce nothing new but are, of course, important for administrative purposes. All in all, if this is the sort of report Utah plans making in the future, with or without the help of the Public Health Service, their further efforts will be wel comed eagerly.--Philip Drinker. A sb e st o sis. A. Bohne. Dtsch. med. Wchnschr., vol. 66, pp. 1034-1036 (1940). Short description of the clinical picture in the early diagnosis, evaluation of the extent of illness and disability produced by it.--L. Teleky. R eduction of bodily efficiency in a sbes t o sis. L. Roemheld. Dtsch. med. Wchnschr., vol. 66, pp. 688-689 (1940). Together with Kempf and Wedler, the author has published earlier papers on this subject (these abstracts, p. 149, 1940); here he presents a condensation of the material, in table form, and adds a twentieth case. Reduction of efficiency is due directly to lung changes, not to the heart.--L. Teleky. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND VAPORS: DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION P redicting d u st concentration--factors AFFECTING DUST CONCENTRATION LEVELS in e n clo sed sp a c e s. P. B. Rowley and R. C. Jordan. Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, vol. 13, pp. 699-703 (Dec. 1940). The dust concentration within a venti lated building, in relation to the dust level in the outside atmosphere is not dependent alone upon the efficiency of air cleaning provided in the ventilating system. To a greater degree it depends upon the rate of air change in the enclosed space, amount of leakage of untreated air into the building, rate of dust generation in the enclosed space, size of the dust particles in the air before and after cleaning, settling velocities of particles of different size, amount of air ma [OOLOGY Ivol. 33, no. 4 >ffered, and enclosed with list of articles from the with industrial hazards, ed to discover possible ions.--Helen Lawson. CTS no silicotic changes were light connective tissue and ration.--L. Teleky. SILICOSIS BT METALLIC itten. Arbeitsschutz, pp. )orts results of his experi3 in which he used quartz iminum. (The Canadian iploy greater amounts of it was inhaled by rabbits and more or less typical were found in animals :ar. The positive findings han in the control animals; !y period of exposure was e author mentions briefly ented with 25 and 50% ainum silicate and found diminish remarkably the tz.--L. Teleky. ORPHYRY WITH A NOTE ON is." Symamki. Arbeits274 (1940). ains from 30 to 50% free lor saw a man who had ars as a quarryman but J only during his 9 months' 1 driller. He acquired a | 20 additional cases of phyry were seen, most of . degree.--L. Teleky. KINDERS AND DRILLERS OF Brachmann. ArbeitS- -174 (1940). rers in all asbestos manuaust be examined annually ctory inspector in Saxony, are made of sheets of pressed out of asbestos 'i Apr. 941) ABSTRACTS 77 waste products and a filler, impregnated by artificial resin. Afterwards the bands and plates are ground and drilled. Clinical and roentgen examination of the grinders and drillers and men who file individual pieces showed a few light cases of asbestosis after they had worked 2 yrs. Such cases of asbestosis are found in nearly all workers after 5 yrs. employment.--L. Teleky. T he struggle against asbestosis today. Ehrhardt. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 191-193 (1940). A short description of asbestosis, not the Struggle to prevent it, which is a technical, not a medical problem. The only unusual statement in the paper is that no relation ship between the nasal dust filtering ability and degree of asbestosis was found.--L. Teleky. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND VAPORS: DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION N otes on the how technique for the m ic r o estim a tio n of a r se n ic . T. Wilkinson and C. G. Greenham. Aus tralian J. Exp. Biol, and Med. Sci., vol. 18, pp. 341-343 (Dec. 1940). The authors suggest slight modifications in preparing reagents and in using the How technic (Ind. & Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 10: 226,1938), to eliminate difficulties they have encountered. The How technic is a modification of Gutzeit's method. They were able to reproduce observations with amounts of arsenic as low as 0.1 Mgm. --B. D. Tebbens. E stimation of halogenated hydrocarbon vapors in a ir . 8. Moskomtz and W. J. Burke. N. Y. Dept. Labor, Indust. Bull., vol. 19, p. 333 (Dec. 1940). The authors have modified the apparatus described by Tebbens (T h is J., 19: 204, 1937). The 91 x 111 x 19" box contains a rheostat, absorber, drying tube and flow meter, with space for a combustion tube. It is operated at 0.75 l.p.m. and the authors claim that they obtain approximately 100% efficiency for chlorinated aliphatic hydro carbons but only 80-85% for alpha chlornaphthalene. Sampling time is 10 min. to 1 hr., depending upon the concentration expected.--Helen Lawson. D eterm ination of carbon m onoxide HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BLOOD BY MEANS OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETER. R. Havemann. Klin. Wchnschr., vol. 19, pp. 1183-1185 (1940). A method is described which takes only a short time. The photoelectric color imeter used was constructed by the author and is made by W. Kauhausen, BerlinDahlem. 1 cc. of blood, or even as little as 0.1 cc. is necessary. The error is said to be 0.5%.--L. Teleky. D ust in the stone and earth industry. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 338-339 (1940). A short review of the importance of the dust problem in the ceramic industry is presented and is followed by a report by Hass on the technical aspect of the problem, especially regarding dust sampling and counting. He mentions only a gravimetric procedure, the konimeter and tyndallmeter. Use of portable vacuum cleaners is recom mended for keeping workshops clean. H. Buckup in reporting on medical aspects of the problem, said that the Saxon ministry of labor had installed an x-ray car with which 13,428 examinations have been made in 9 months. This apparatus employs a "screen method" which is cheap, but gives only small pictures in which the first stage silicosis cannot always be positively diag nosed and beginning silicosis can not be detected. In this way it was found that in one factory 12.6% of the workers suffered from silicosis (1.6% serious, 4.2% medium). In a clay pit, 12.2% were found to be sili cotic.--L. Teleky. X-RAY EXAMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRIAL DUST AS A METHOD OF MEDICAL ex a m in a tio n . Gdrtner. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 193-195 (1940). The author presents a short description of the method as employed in examining airborne dust and dust in the lung. It is remarkable that the author found no quartz in silicotic lungs of china-clay workers who used kaolin and sillimanite. He concludes that these substances are also able to pro duce silicosis, and he adds that we now know that other silicates, such as asbestos, produce silicosis. (See these abstracts, 31, 199, 1939.)--L. Teleky. n-