Document 2qw8q2KRmmzJy50pgagQXgwwa

April 7', 1982. File 250-774 Mr. John R. Williams 4005 Chestnut Street Fairfax, VA 22030 *, . . * , Re: AWWA Standard C603 . 1 _1 Dear Mr. Williams: . - - In response to Robert S. Bryant's letter dated February 4, 1382, I would > comment as follows': -. , . The note following Section 3.2.6 should perhaps'contain the - additional.comment that the Installation methods noted ln_j\ ' Section 3-2.5 and 3.2.6 are to be decided by theenglneer or owner.. . .... 2. ^1 presume that In some fashion Manual Ml6, 'Work Practices for Asbestos Cement Pipe", will be substituted for Section , 3.3-3- -- 3. In Section 3-4, Page.6, the recommended method Is, "Pulling the machined pipe end, etc". ,As a' practical matter, my suspicion is that a large majority of A.C. pipe Is Installed by pushing with the use of a'2 by_k and 1 ever. If my suspicion. Is cor rect, then perhaps we should .recognize this method with a caution about damage to a spigot end. In Section 3.5, It might be well to comment that thrust banking shall not block a hydrant drain hole. In Section 3.6, we ml.ght comment that dead end shall be provided with a blow-off assembly. - > 1 / CAPCO JEN 0020545 April 7, 1982 2/ - - s File 250-774 6 In Section 5.1* here -'gain my suspicion Is that most Installations are completely backfilled prior to any leakage or pressure test. Certainly this Is at the risk of the contractor or Installer. If my suspicion Is correct, perhaps this should be recognized In some fashion. ft Very truly yours,. " ILLINOIS-AMERICAN WATER COMPANY RWG/bls . cc: -Robert S. Bryant R. W. Greaves Vice President and Manager t / .\ / CAPCO JEN 0020546 I 2 INSTALLATION OF A-C PKESSUKE PIPE I Sec. 1.3 References Distribution Pipe, 4 in. This standard references the follow ing documents. They form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. In any case of conflict, the requirements -of this standard shall prevail. AASHTO * T-99 --Standard Method oj Test jor Moisture-Density Relation ship jor Soils ANSI A21.ll * Through 16 in., jor Water and,Other Liquids--AWWA C401 --Standard Practice jor Selection oj Asbestos-Cement Distribu tion Pipe, 4 in. Through 16 in. AWWA C402 --Standard jor Asbestos-Cement Transmission Pipe, 18 in. Through 42 in., jor Water and-.Other Liquids (AWWAC111). AWWA C403 -< --American National Standard jor --Standard Practice jor- the Se Rubber Gasket Joints jor Cast lection oj Asbestos-Cement Iron and Ductile Iron Pres Transmission and Feeder sure Pipe and Fittings Main Pipe, Sizes 18 in. ASTM t B29 Through 42 in. s --Specifications jor Pig Lead AWWA C601 . AWWA C400 --Standard jor Disinjecting Wa- --Standard jor Asbestos-Cement " ter Mains Section 2--Material Acceptance, Storage, and Handling i Sec. 2.1 Acceplance . of defects or! damage shall be replaced by the contractor. Material damaged At the time of delivery all material ' subsequent to acceptance by the con shall be examined for defects and dam tractor shall be replaced by the con age, and any material that is defective tractor. or damaged shall be rejected and re .I moved from the job site. . . . -I < I 1 2.1.1 Replacement of damaged pipe^_ Sec. 2.2 Storage Material that is supplied by the owner and is rejected at the point of delivery Safe storage shall be provided for because of defects or damage shall be material until it has been incorporated replaced by the owner. Material that into the completed project. The in is supplied by the contractor and is re terior of all pipe, couplings, rings, fit t; jected at the point of delivery because tings, and other accessories shall be kept free from dirt and other foreign * American Association of State Highway matter at all times. Valves and hy and Transportation Officials, 341 National drants shall -be drained and stored in j Press Building, Washington, D.C. 20045. t American Society for Testing and Ma a manner that will protect them from terials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103. damage by freezing. CAPCO JEN 0020547 4 INSTALLATION OF A-C l'KESSUKE 1'ITE for the Selection of Asbestos-Cement eled in order to maintain a minimum Transmission and Feeder Main Pipe, of 2 in. under the pipe barrel. The Sizes IS-in. Through 42-in.") clearance between the trench bottom 3.2.4 Excavation in poor soil and and the bottom of the 'coupling and refilling to grade. Any part of the mpe shall be properly backfilled utiliz trench excavated below grade shall be ing material approved by the engineer. backfilled to grade with thoroughly The material shall be compacted utiliz compacted material approved bv the ing appropriate equipment to provide engineer. When an unstable subgrade a firm and uniform bedding throughout condition is encountered and, in the the entire length of the pipe. opinion of the engineer, it cannot supr Note',: Earth mounds have been port the pipe, an additional depth shall used in some areas with success. How be excavated and refilled to pipe foun ever, if this method is to be used, par dation grade with crushed stone or ticularly, in small-sizes, caution should other suitable material as required by be exercised to ensure '(1). that proper the engineer to achieve a satisfactory clearance is maintained between the trench bottom.' pipe or coupling and the trench bottom, 3.2.5 Pipe laid on trench bottom or and (2)' that after pipe placement, the `45^; bedding. Before the pipe is lowered earth beneath the entire length of the into the trench, ., pipe including the coupling is properly . 1." A coupling hole shall be exca placed beneath the pipe and is com vated with sufficient length, width, and pacted tp a uniform density. I depth to permit assembly and provide . > 4cj, . a minimum clearance of 2 in. below the coupling, and - ;. -. . ;. ` ' 2. The' pipe shall be provided with Sec. 3.3 Laying of Pipe '3.3.1Lowering of pipe and acces continuous .support between coupling sories into trench. Pipe shall not be . holes. . . lowered I into the trench until the pipe .; Note;!' Use of approved granular bed has- been brought to grade. All material for bedding is recommended pipe and accessories shall be inspected as a preferred method of preparing the for defects. Dirt and other foreign trench bottom for pipe installation. ' matter shall be removed from the inte 3.2.6 Pipe laid on earth mounds. rior and-the machined ends before low , mu- w .-Pipe he laid on earth mounds of ering into the trench. Pipe and acces ^*$^^appr0ved backfill material compacted sories shall be lowered carefully into firmly in place and of a size adequate the trench by hand or with suitable to hold the ppi]ipe in alignment and to equipment in a manner that will pre ". mmaaininttaainin aa 22-i-in. minimum clearance vent damage to pipe and fittings or from coupling to trench bottom. Each injury' to the installers. The sealing pipe shall be laid on two mounds with surfaces of all materials shall be kept the center of each mound placed apr clean during installation. proximately one fifth of the pipe length '3.3.2 Pipe joints. The machined* from each end. The trench shall be ends of pipe to be jointed, coupling excavated a minimum of 2 in. below grooves, and rubber rings shall be the grade of the bottom of the outside cleaned immediately before assembly, diameter of the coupling, and high and assembly shall be made as recom spots between couplings shall be lev mended by the manufacturer. Care / '"J CAPCO JEN 0020548 rpY-Ojp**' SECTION' 3 5 should be taken not to reverse the 3.3.4.2 The pipe end of machined gasket when placed in the bell. Each overall lengths shall be beveled in ac pipe joint shall be sealed with a cou cordance with the pipe manufacturer's pling consisting of an asbestos-cement specifications. ; sleeve and two rubber rings or an 3.3.5 Length oj pipe at fittings and equivalent coupling or joint of equiv rigid structures. When rigid joints are alent strength and performance. The formed by caulked materials or by bolts pine joint shall not be deflected either with rubber ring seals, such as at fit vertically or horizontally beyond the tings, the length of S-in. diameter and limits recommended by the manufac smaller pipe fitted into the bell of the turer. fittings shall not exceed 3 ft 3 in. and 3.3.2.1 When pipelaying is not in the length of 10-in. diameter and larger progress, the open ends of installed pipe shall not exceed 6 ft 6 in. At pipe shall be closed to prevent entrance least one flexible joint shall be used of trench water into the line. between two adjacent rigid joints. A 3.3.2.2 Whenever water is excluded coupling shall be cast in the wall of from the interior of the pipe, enough rigid structures at the point of entry backfill shall be placed on the pipe to of pipelines to provide flexibility at the prevent floatation. Any pipe that has wall. To provide additional flexibility, floated shall be removed from. the the pipe at the point of entry shall have trench and the bedding corrected to a laying length of not more than 6 ft conform to paragraph 3.2.3. No pipe 6 in. o shall be laid when the weather is un suitable for proper installation as deter Sec. 3.4 Jointing of Pipe to Valves, mined by the engineer. Hydrants, and Fittings 3.3.3 Pipe cutting. Pipe-cutting methods that produce a smooth, square . 3.4.1 General. Each valve, hydrant, , cut end without damage to the pipe or fitting connected to asbestos-cement and that minimize or eliminate airborne pipe shall either be equipped with a particles shall be employed. Rotating bell of an inside diameter large enough blades, hand saws, or similar materials, to receive the pipe and caulking of at ------ when properly used, are acceptable. least J-in. thickness around the full Abrasive disks are not recommended circumference of the pipe, or shall have unless special precautions are taken. a profile that permits a seal to be made 3.3.4 End preparation. Whenever it between the machined pipe and the bell is necessary to cut a length of pipe in of the fitting with a rubber ring. the field, the end shall be prepared as 3.4.1.1 Before valves, hydrants, or follows: fittings are laid, all lumps, blisters, and 3.3.4.1 The pipe end of random excess coating shall be removed from lengths shall be machined by commer- the bell. The inside of the bell shall O dally available field lathes designed for then be wire-brushed and both the inthis purpose to ensure that the diam-' side of the bell and the spigot end of eter, profile, and roundness meet the the pipe shall be wiped clean and dry. I pipe manufacturer's specifications. The All surfaces to be jointed shall be kept | machined surface on which the com- clean until the joints are made. '! /""N pression ring seals shall be smooth and 3.4.2 Push-on joints. The push-on ' cylindrical to ensure joint integrity, joint is a single rubber-gasket joint. r fi'1 vtf* it**-# /H* j -.H" j V |. ! ; ! ' '; ` -: j T ;' \ ; ' ; (.* ,' , ^ -. __ CAPCO JEN 0020549 'Zfh'C- (@JT <9^ , IpsSCf 0 INSTALLATION of A-C FKESSUKE PIPE It shall be assembled by positioning a I an overlap at the top of not more than continuous rubber ring gasket in the 2 in. When more than a single strand anmiiar groove in the fitting bell and is required for a joint, each strand shall polling the machined pipe end into the be cut to sufficient length so that the /, ; t bell. A lubricant approved by the pipe ends will meet without causing overlap. /f /?S'fc-s manufacturer must be used. Care The ends of the strands shall meet on oy Ot-s s<4 / 7^ /'/t'/ffv o(<Psrc f/ y<>c/ /jvr-p should be t.aken to ensure obtaining the correct size of gasket for the fitting bell for use with the correct size of asbes- opposite'sides of the pipe and not on the top or at the bottom. Successive strands of yarning materia] shall be tos-cement pipe. Cast-iron bell gaskets driven home separately. p e/ \o>/- -Sr iv-f vs -r < r i,P -, and asbestos-cement coupling gaskets are not interchangeable. An asbestoscement coupling gasket shall not be used in a cast-iron fitting bell. 3.4.3 Mechanical joint. The me chanical joint is a bolted joint of the stuffing box type. In some sizes and classes, an adaptor is required between 3.4.4.4 Lead-joint bells shall pro vide a jointing material space of not less than 2J in. for pipe of. 20 in. di ameter and smaller and 2i in. for pipe 24-42 in,- in diameter.- ' '3.4.4.5, Lead for caulking purposes* shall meet the current requirements of ASTM B29, "Standard Specifications , ,/ 7"t $' *- r\ 7"j f f the asbestos-cement pipe and the mechanical joint. The joints shall con- form to the current revision of ANSI for Pig Lead, in the Common Desilver ized Grade." A21.ll (AWWA Clll), "RubberGasket Joints for Cast-Iron and Duc- Sec. 3.5 Setting of Hydrants, ' tile-iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings," .Valves, and Fittings and shall be assembled as required in.'. I *: Appendix A, Notes on Installation of 3.5.1 \Gcneral. Hydrants, valves,' Mechanical Joints, of that standard. and fittings shall be provided and in 3.4.4 Poured joints. stalled as shown on the drawings or as -3.4.4.1 The yarning or packing ma-. specified 'in the supplementary specifi terial shall be as specified by the engi cations. . .They shall be inspected care neer. It shall consist of molded rubber fully and cleaned as required in para rings. Asbestos rope or treated paper graph 3.4,1.1 prior to lowering into the rope may be used only with the ap trench, j Js t&fort proval of the engineer when the space 3.5.2 Reaction or thrust backing. A Ik*? between the bell and spigot will not ' reaction qr thrust backing shall be pro film* ' ' ~o s d - '' permit the use of a rubber ring. vided at each hydrant, valve, bend, and 3.4.4.2 The* yarning material shall tee and at reducers or fittings where be placed around the spigot of the pipe changes ip pipe diameter occur. They and shall be of proper dimensions to shall be centered on the longitudinal center the spigot in the bell. When the axis and extended to solid undisturbed spigot is shoved home, the yarning ma ground. [Hydrants may be tied to the terial shall be driven tightly against the water main with rods. The size and inside base or hub of the bell with suit shape of the thrust backing or the num able yarning tools. ber and size of the tie rods shall be as 3.4.4.3 When a single strand of shown on the drawings or as specified yarning material is used, it shall have in the supplementary specifications. /2or $hal( Aiof b lode <ce.- /j* dyfirt hofc- &tr CAPCO JEN 0020550 SECTION 4 o Sec. 3.6 Plugging of Dead Ends ing shall be provided at all dead ends of pipe that are capped or plugged. Plugs shall be inserted into the bells Capped or plugged outlets to fittings of all dead-end fittings. Spigot ends shall be tied to the fittings and shall o of fittings and plain ends of pipe shall be restrained according to the fitting be capped. A reaction or thrust back- manufacturer's recommendations. d d S ^4# // dr* fpCoOt </-*c/ to/ /} <j5*u/ Vy 6//-- ,t: v; Section 4--Pressure and Leakage Tests Sec. 4.1 General psi, whichever is less. The test pres ' ,. . . The field pressure and leakage tests should be conducted on each section as soon as possible after the following requirements have been met. sure for transmission pipe (AWWA C402, sizes IS in. through 42 in.) shall be the design pressure (operating pres sure plus surge) times li. -V 4.1.1 Backfilling. Backfill sufficient Sec. 4.3 Procedure .to prevent the lifting of the pipe shall .. . be placed prior to filling with water The following procedure is based on Oand field testing. When local condi the assumption that the pressure and tions require that the trenches be back- . leakage tests will be performed at the ' ' filled immediately after the pipseamheastime. The total time for the com ` . been laid, the testing may be conducted bined pressure and leakage tests for \ i 1 after backfilling has been completed each section shall be a minimum of 2 1 and before placement of permanent hr unless otherwise specified. If sepa I . surface. rate tests are made, the pressure test 4.1.2 Concrete curing time. Before shall be made first. The duration Qf testing, or as specified by the engineer, the pressure test shall be a minimum at least 36 hr shall elapse after the last of 1 hr. The duration of the leakage concrete thrust or reaction backing has test shall be a minimum of 4 hr. The been cast with high-early-strength ce pressure of the leakage test may be ment, and at least seven days shall reduced to ISO per cent of the max elapse after the last concrete thrust or imum working pressure that will occur . reaction backing has been cast with on that portion of the line or shall I standard cement. equal the test pressure (Sec. 4.2), j '! whichever is less. j oI Sec. 4.2 Test Pressure 4.3.1 Filling. After the pipeline has been laid it shall be filled with water Unless otherwise specified, the test for a minimum of 24 hr before being j ' pressure for distribution pipe (AWWA subjected to the hydrostatic pressure j C400, sizes 4 in. through 16 in.) shall test. Each section of the pipeline shall | be double the operatingpressure at the he filled slowly with water and all air O lowest elevation of the system or the expelled by means of taps at points of class designation of the pipe plus SO highest elevation. CAPCO JEN 0020551 8 INSTALLATION OF A-C FKESSLKE FIFE TABLE 1 Allowable Leakage per 100 Couplings* Pipe Diameter in. 4 '6 .8 10 12 14 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 '. -39 . 42 Average Test Pressure at Lowest Point in Line--pii 50 75 100 0.71 1.06 1.42 0.87 1.29 1.72 1.00 1.51 2.00 1.77 2.15 2.12 2.58 2.48 3.01 2.50 3.00 3.50 2.83 3.44 3.18 3.87 3.54 4.30 4.01 4.52 5.00 3.73 4.54 4.24 5.16 4.77 5.83 5.24 6.00 6.74 5.30 6.45 7.51 5.83 7.13 8.24 6.37 7.7S ' ' 9.01 6.88 8.42 ' 9.74 7.42 ' 9.08 ` 10.48 125 ISO . 175 * Leakage--gal/hr ; i 1.12 1.68 2.24 1.23 1.-32 1.84 1.98 2.45 . 2.64 " 2.79 3.07 3.35 ' 3.68 3.91. 4.28 " 4.47 5.02 5.58 "4.89 5.52 6.12 3.'40 3.96 . 4.62 5.27 . 5.p3 6.58 5.88 6.40 6.92 6.69 7.34 7.91 7.56 8.23 8.90 8.37 9.25 10.07 10.83 11.78 9.18 10.06 11.02 11.90 12.82 9/88 10.88 11.88 i 12.96 13.85 200 1.42 2.12 2.84 3.54 4.24 .4.96 5.68 6.37 7.08 7.42 8.50 9.54 10.62 11.67 12.74 13.79 14.86 22S 1.51 2.25 3.00 3.75 4.52 5,26 6.00 6.75 7.51 7.86 9.01 10.12 11.26 12.36 13.50 14.61 15.74 250 1.58 2.37 3.16 3.95 4.74 5.50 6.32 7.11 7.90 8.28 9.47 10.66 1 i .84 ` 13.02 14.22 15.40 16.58 * The data are based on 150 psl and represent a leakage of approximately 30 gpd per mile of pipe per in. of pipe diameter for pipe in 13-ft lengths. .. 4.3.2 Pressurization. The specified Sec. 4.4 Allowable Leakage ' ; test pressure shall be applied by means of a pump connected to the pipe in a . No pipe installation will be accepted manner satisfactory to the' engineer. if the leakage for the section of line The test pressure shall be maintained that is tested is more." than the rate of for the specified time during which leakage specified in Table 1. In deter all exposed pipe, couplings, fittings, mining the number of couplings, con valves, and hydrants shall be exam sideration should be given to allow for ined carefully. the additional number of joints if the 4.3.3 Cracked or defective elements. All cracked or defective elements shall be removed and replaced and the test repeated until all visible leakage has been stopped and the requirements of pipe is less than 13 ft. If the- test leakage in any section is" greater than permitted, the leakage shall be located, repaired, and the test performed until the leakage is within the permitted Sec. 4.4 have been met. allowance.- k' CAPCO JEN 0020552 SECTION 6 O' Section 5--Backfilling Sec. 5.1 Backfill Procedure no case shall material with a diameter Before Tests in excess of 14 in. be placed in the O ; Backfill material approved by the en gineer shall be free of any frozen lumps, rock that is 14 in.'or larger in trench in the first 32 in.'above the pipe. Sec. 5.2 Backfill Procedure size, and lumps of clay, large stones, After Tests boulders, or other unsuitable sub stances such as debris. The backfill Upon completion of pressure and shall be deposited in the trench up to leakage tests, exposed couplings shall the horizontal diameter of the pipeline be covered and backfill hand-placed to in 6-in. thick compacted layers and a depth of 12 in. above the top of the shall be sufficiently damp to permit pipe and couplings. The balance of osui%j? thorough compaction under and on backfill shall not contain stones that each side of the pipe to provide sup- are more than 6 in. in their largest ' port that is free from voids. dimension, and the backfill mixture 5.1.1 Visual inspection not required. shall not be used for disposal of refuse. If visual inspection during the hydro Trenches under pavements and side static tests is not required, then the walks shall be backfilledfto a compac- .pipe and joints shall be backfilled as . tion density of 90 per cent as deter specified previously and a cushion of mined by the American Association of . o material hand-placed over the pipe and State Highway and Transportation Of joints to an average depth of 12 in. for ficials Method T99 for compaction and all sizes of pipe. density of soils. The balance of the [ 5.1.2 Visual inspection required. If backfill for other trenches and those the joints are to be exposed during the trenches not in a right of way may be test, additional backfill material shall backfilled by machine without compac / be hand-placed between the joints in tion unless otherwise specified in the order to hold the line securely during supplementary specifications. Addi the test. The average depth of mate tional backfill material shall be sup- 1? rial in this instance shall be 12 in. over plied, if needed, to completely backfill /.N \ the top of 8-in. diameter and smaller the trenches or to fill depressions pipe, and 24 in. over larger pipe. In caused by subsequent settlement. /f & * V Ok1' \( Section 6--Disinfection Before the pipeline is placed into service, all new water systems, exten O sions to existing systems, valved sec tions of extension, replacements in the existing system, and any exposed sec tion of the existing system shall be dis infected in accordance with AWWA C601, "Disinfection of Water Mains." CAPCO JEN 0020553 AWWA C603 Sec. 1.2.1. Delete "it shall be placed in not more than 6-in. layers'.'. A Definition should describe what a word means * 's"', and not the method. Secondly, there may well be a method for greater than 6-in. layers that will get the required results more economically. Sec. 2.3 Delete "or allowed to impact on itself". Or change "itself" to ether materials. 'JV %l Sec. 2.3.3 Add to this section "Moving pipe and material should be held to a minimum to reduce the possibility of damage. Sec. 3.2.3 Delete reference to illustrations of various beddings in AWWA C401 and AIWA C403 because: 1. By inference it is recommending the procedures illustrated in these standards. , 2.. C401 and C403 require 95% compaction and C603 does not. Sec. 3.4.4.4 The meaning of this section is unclear. Should be rewritten. Jointing material space of 2% or 2% in. seems CAPCO JEN 0020554 The following might be better: "Lead-joint bells shall provide a jointing material space between the pipe and bell of not less than 5/8 in. for pipe of 20 in. diameter and smaller and 3/4 in. for pipe 24-42 in. in diameter." Sec. 4.2 Define (Operating pressure plus surge) Sec. 4.3.1 Add after 24 hrs. the following "at operating pressure". The reason for this change is that it will force most of the air out of the couplings and make testing easier and safer. Sec. 4.4 Should an allowance for leakage be considered for fittings as well as for short lengths? Sec. 5.1.1 ftwa< / &0KT kvC'tfr -fan IpCUiOZJ Delete "hand-placed". Or add "when the backfill material is suitable, the 12 in. cushion may be placed with an angle blade if the fill is not allowed to drop directly on the CAPCO JEN 0020555