Document 2qrEbdoM5vGe7KxnbLZxvngRb

Multi-stage refrigerant piping (continued) accessory equipment (continued) refrigerant liquid pumps, 786 subcoolera, 7SB-784 - cascade systems, 781,782 basic elements of. 781 compound systems, 781,782 components, 782 basic elements of, 782 control, 788-789 during pull down, 789 liquid feed control, 788-789 varying loads, 789 varying temperatures, 789 equipment considerations, 783-783 compressors. 782 condensers, 782-783 evaporators, 783 insulation, 790 moisture in circuit, 789-790 pipe sizing and friction data, 788 piping, 788 friction values, 788 oil return arrangement, 788 ssing, 778 reasons for, 781-782 refrigerants, 782,783 temperature limitations, 783 types of systems, 781 vapor barriers, 790 Multi-eone air conditioning, 9 dual-duct systems, 9 fan cod systems, 31 jpHiirtion unit systems, 20 Odor control, 799-808 combustion methods, 806,808 catalyst life, 807 complete oxidation, 806 heat value recovery, 807 use of catalysts, 806,807 masking, 804,805 applying compounds, 804,80J control by, 80S definition, 804 modification, 805, 806 air conditioned spaces, 805 applying modifiers, 805, 806 industrial areas, 805 removal, 799,804 activated charcoal, 801 by absorption, 800 by adsorption, 800, 801 by ventilation, 799,800 carbon reactivation, 801 Owning, operating costs, 859-864 energy costs, 882 constant loads, 862 electrically-operated, 862 full-load hours, 862, 863 _ heat-operated, 863 % fixed charges, 859-861 amortisation, 859 insurance, 861 interest, 860 rent, 861 taxes. 860 labor for operation, 881 jppintATmnra costs, 861 labor and material. 861 repairs, 862 upkeep, 861, 862 ASHRAE Guide And Data Book 1962 Owning, operating costs (continued) water costs, 863 computation of, 863 conservation equipment, 863 windage lasses, 864 P Panel-air systems absorption from lighting, 47 air conditioning, 45 comfort conditions, 51 computations, 46 condensation control, 51 features, 45 luminaires, water cooled, 50 installation cost, 52 operation, 51 panel cooling. 45, 47 panel resistance, 50 panol temperature, 49 panel water circuits, 51 performance, 45 solar absorption, 48 suspended panels, 50 temperature control, 51 test data. 48 soiling, 45 Panel heating application methods, 147 electric panels, 149,160,165 embedded piping, 147 warm air ceiling, 148 controls, 160 desigD procedure, 152-160 ceiling panel, 153-157, 160 floor panels, 157,159 wall panels, 157 warm water, 153 installation, 160 panel construction, 147-149 panel output, 149 combined,. 151 convection. 150 covering effect, 151, 158 panel loss, 152 radiation, 149 panel temperature, 14$ Photographic material air condition ing, 329 film manufacture, 329 film storage, 333 archival films, 333 color film, 335 nitrate base film, 335 relative humidity, 334 safety base film, 333 temperature, 334 processing materials, 330 dryers, 331 {frying film, 333 filters, 331 _, . ' general air conditioning, 330 humidities, 331 laboratory pressure, 361 temperatures, 331 temperature control, 331 Piping ammonia, 727, 78!w80 , arrangements, refrigerating, 745-747 Piping (continued) brine, 798 building. 116 conduits, 113 high temperature water, 127--129,143 induction unit systems, 22,25,26,31 liquid line arrangements, 738 multi-stage refrigerant, 781-790 refrigerant, general, 727-736 refrigerant, 12,22, and 600,736-764 refrigeration, 657, 727-736 retail store refrigeration, 635 sixes, 89, 91, 112, 792 rink, 714.718 snow melting, 834,840 snow melting correction factor, 839 steam heating systems, 90 tunnels, 125 water. 791, 814 water services, 809-817 Piping for refrigerant systems, 727-736 general piping practice, 734--736 arrangement and location, 734 code restrictions, 738 damage protection, 734-735 insulation, 735 vibration and noise, 735-736 line capacity multipliers, 732 line velocities for various refrigerants, 734 refrigerant flow, 733-734 flow rates, 733-735 line velocities, 733, 734 siting lines, 727--733 discharge lines, 730 line capacities, 728-731 liquid lines, 727 suction lines, 727-730 valves and fittings, 733 refrigerant line capacity data, 728-732 Piping for Refrigerants 12, 22, and 500 basic principles, 737 capacity reduction problems, 737 component piping, 749-754 direct expansion air coils, 751-753 direct expansion chillers, 750-751 flooded cods, 753-754 flooded fluid coolers, 749-750 semi-8ooded evaporatore, 751 valves, 749-750 compressor control, 761-762 automatic pump-down, 761--762 flooded type evaporators, 762 manual control, 762 short operating cycles, 762 tingle pump-out, 762. condenser to receiver piping, 744-747 evaporative, 745-747 gas binding, 744 multiple condensers, 745 piping arrangements, 745-747 shell-and-tube, 745 single condenser, 745 diseharge.(6ot gas) lines, 742-744 double gas risers, 743 drainage prevention, 743-744 gas mufflers, 744 hot gas risers, 743 minimum gaa velocities, 743 oil entrainment, 743 oil separators, 743 head pressure control, 759-760 air-cooled condensers, 760 Index to Tedmical Section Piping for refrigerants (continued) head pressure control (continued) evaporative condensers, 759-760 water bypam, 759 water-cooled condensers. 759 water regulating valves, 759 hot gas bypass, 762-754 during starting, 762-763 for capacity control, 753-764 full unloading, 762-764 liquid entering compresor, 760-761 effect on compressor, 760 effect on system, 760 refrigerant-oil miscibility, 761 liquid entering crankcase, 761-762 liquid lines, 737--738 flash gas in, 737-738 piping arrangements, 738 subcooling, 738 multiple compresor piping, 747-749 discharge piping, 748 interconnecting piping, 748 pressure equalisation, 748-749 suction piping, 747-748 multi-stage refrigerant, 781-790 refrigeration accessories, 754-7S) charging connection, 759 compressor flood-back protection, 756-757 driers, 757 liquid indicators, 758-759 liquid-suction interchangers, 754-755 oil separators, 755-756 strainers, 758 surge drums, 756 suction lines, 738-742 design, 738 double suction risers, 740-741 drainage prevention, 741-742 minimum gag velocities, 639 oil circulation, 739 oil return, 739 oil trapping prevention, 742 riser siting, 739-740 suction piping, 741-742 suction risers, 739-741 Piping for water and brine, 791-798 (tee water and brine japing) Plant size, beverages, 403 Poultry, 359 distribution, 361 ' bolding, 361 growth of b&ctoria, 361, 362 processing, 359, 361 . chilling methods, 381 storage. 361 temperature requirements, 360 refrigeration, 359 Poultry and dairy products, 359 Poultry products, frozen, 453 chilling 453 control of tenderness, 453 dressing, 453 freering methods. 455 air blast tunnels, 455 immersion, 456 low temperature brine, 455 product temperature, 456 freezing theories effect of freezing, 455 Poultry products, frozen (continued) freezing theories (continued) rapid freezing, 455 packaging, 454 precooked, 454 ready-to-eook, 454 preparation, 453 quality preservation, 457 loss in storage, 458 storage conditions, 458 thawing. 459 types of products, 453 utilization, 459 Process and product air conditioning, 275 classification of problems, 278 conditioning, 278 (frying, 278 moisture content and regain, 278 control, 278, 280 biochemical reactions, 280 chemical reactions, 278 humidity, 280 rate of crystallization, 280 temperature, 280 general requirements, 275 humidities, 275, 278 temperatures, 275, 278 load calculation, 280 machining, 280 surface protection, 280 Precision manufacturing, 281 abrasives, 283 blackout plants, 282 clay modeling rooms, 283 drafting rooms, 282 gage rooms, 281 instrument assembly, 281 machine shops, 281 mining, 282 motion picture studios, 282 optical goods, 283 Precooked and prepared frozen foods, 469 bread and rolls, 471 cakes and cookies, 472 freezing of cooked food, 469 chemical changes, 469 deterioration, 469 physical changes, 469 problems, 470 fruits, 472 precooked foods, 469 served at room temperature, 470, 471 served hot, 470 types, 470 storage, 472 low temperature, 472 Preceding, 563-568 containers, effect on, 567 factois controlling, 563 hydrocooling, data on, 566 methods of, 563-567 air, 563,564 contact ice, 564 top ice, 564,565 water, 565 vacuum, 566 stacking, effect on, 567 vacuum cooling, 566 water cooling, 565 Priming plants, 293 air conditioning, 293-298 multicolor offset plants, 295 paper sensitivity, 293 systems, 297 web press rooms. 296 basic printing methods, 294 gravure, 294,296 Tetter press, 294, 296 lithography, 294-296 collotype printing, 296 multicolor offset plants, 294-296 humidity requirements for, 294 photographic area, 295, 296 platemaking area, 295.296 press room, 295 stripping department, 296 paper, 293, 294, 297 buckling, 294 characteristics of, 293 control of, 297 hygroscopic properties, 293,294 moisture content, 293, 294 moisture curl, 294 static electricity, 294 strength properties, 294 platemaking coatings, 296 deep-etch plates, 296 abeet-fed printing, 296 gravure, 296 relief. 296 web printing ink ventilation, 297 newspaper presses, 297 power load, 296 Public building air conditioning, 193 multiroom buildings, 193 air distribution, 202 apartments, 194 control system, 203 cooling load distribution, 196 cooling load factors, 201 cost analysis, 197 design conditions, 201,205 design factors, 193 direct expansion system, 202 double duct systems, 198 economics, 203 equipment location, 202 equipment selection, 205 factory units, 202 fan-coil unita, 199 heat pump, 202 hospitals, 194 hotel rooms, 194 ice melting, 202 ice or water storage, 202 indirect systems, 202 infiltration, 205 installation cost, 197 internal load, 195, 201,205 lighting loads, 195 load calculation, 202,204 occupant load, 201 office buildings. 193 operating cost, 197 operation of system, 203 owning cost, 197 precooling, 201 radiant cooling and beating, 198 solar heat gain, 195,205 - " system details, 198 types of systems, 201 ventilation load, 196 ventilation requirements; 205 zone selection, 204