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Appendix A -| EXTRACTED COHORT DATA The details of extracted data is shown in Tables 12 and 13. with explanatory notes in Tables 14 and 15. SUMMARISING MORTALITY AND EXPOSURE MEASURES - THE CHOICE OF FOLLOW UF PERIOD IN RELATION TO EXPOSURE PERIOD LUNG CANCER For most of the studies considered in this review, mortality was reported for the period 20 or more years from first exposure. The reason for this is that it is assumed that this represents a period in which the effect of exposure will be fully expressed. Deaths Observed Fn the period immediately following first exposure will be unaffected by that exposure, and the effect of exposure will become progressively more apparent as follow up time increases. Comparisons of observed and expected deaths that include periods immediately after first exposure wiLkintroduce some downward bias to the assessed risk'level. Evidence on the levels of excess in different per iods after exposure suggests that between 10 or 20 and about 40 yr from exposure the lung cancer r.' is reasonably stable. Beyond 40 or 45 yr follow there may be some decline ,in risk, but the extent to which this may have diluted recorded lung cancer risk in these cohorts seems limited (for example, there is very little difference between the US/Canada insu lators lung cancer SMR calculated over all follow up from 20 yr and one restricted to the period between 20 and 40 yr). No adjustment for differences in maxi mal follow up between cohorts has therefore been applied. The impact of follow up less than 10 yr being included in the reported results, and the related prob lem of choosing on average exposure appropriate to the observed mortality needs to be considered. If observed and expected mortality from observauons less than 10 yr from first exposure ore uninformative of the possible effects of the exposure the inclusion of such observations in the reported results for a cohort, will dilute any actually occurring effect Pro vided there is a reasonable amount of informative fol low up on every cohort member this dilution effect can probably be ignored, since the observed and expected deaths generated from the early (uninformative) follow up will be outweighed for ail individuals by their later observations. But if a high proportion of a cohort generates mainly uninforma tive follow up. reported overall results may be seri ously distorted. This can happen if recruitment to. cohort continues to the end of follow up. Subject, starting within 10 yr of the end of follow up will con tribute no informative mortality data.