Document 2q7v0DYw13oox3op5gJwKnbr7

1001818588 Page 1 of 6 Wfgi "-ft': V. Ax-f it : ' * v. vt?. v` . *; . vf: '. ^5 VfiV'N; ><v ^ ^;='Mr. C. H. Goldsmith T* Waketam March 7, 196B Htiroa Head Meeting cf the Clgaret Company Research Directors February 14-16, 1968, car Some Thoughts on Cooperative Research ;&e Tobacco Industry "< rV ' , m.- . ............................................................... ^f./.Wbea the smoking and health question became critical In the 1950*e, the tobacco Industry took two steps to meet the situation. First, K adopted the ''vlgoroua denlaT* approach: "the statistical evidence is biased,M -,' v/;,$'*BcMrg I* proven,"-#dinal experiments don't tell us what happens In '>Shianans.nu'M the same time, the Industry set up the Tobacco Industry ; Research Committee to sponsor medical research on cancer. The ln- r^^dustry hoped la this way to demonstrate Its concern for the cancer - - ^Cproblem andtodlscover by research, 11 possible, the truth about ^smoking and health. No efforts were spared to make TIRC a completely obJealvor iotfcpoBdoni agency whom results would be believed by the - `public and the sciemltic community to be free cf bias. , - ^These actions wore no doubt effective, at least at first. In assuring the public (as well is the Industry people themselves) that the industry was . 1 coping with the problem; but they foiled to deal effectively with the basic 'scientific aspects of the problem. At the same time the constant activity of the anrl-ctgaret people in the form of newspaper publicity, magazine ,;v'-r ^^irttcles, governmental actions, and lately the Surgeon tee Report and the "warning laber have built up out of General's Commit-/ all sensible proper/ , ' f the health risk of cig&ret smoking. Certainly It would be bard to find c'i V:'a person la the United States today who would eay that cigaret smoking U .'# v 'bcslthful. To the contrary, moat everyone believes that smoking involves more or less serious risk to health, albeit a risk moat smokers are willing to take for the pleasures of smoking. Meanwhile? ^ . 7 UaafMuiiI fSh thef-TiA tndustry, continmuitinn^gv Iith<a policy of "vigorous denial," finds ' - Itself in the role cf the ''bad boy'1 In opposition to the forces ostensibly >?> dedicated to the welfare cf the people: Federal agencies like F.T. C., vN.l,H.r P.H.S., and U. S.D,A.; cancer research institutes like Sloan- / / Kettering and Roswell Park; public supported health organizations like '^'American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, etc. This Image * . encourages the antl-clgaret zealoca and publicity seekers (politicians, etc.) ` to use the cigaret Industry as a convenient whipping boy, which only makes *'; * the image. If anything, worse In the mind of the public. To this the industry \ - haa essentially replied merely by repeating the vigorous denial: "experimental V-/proof is atill lacking," "the statistics are poorly obtained sod in any event :: v:j* not to be trusted, no one knows the cause of cancer so how can It be ctgarets, f.V . -* ,v * r* . ,v._ ' **, : :_r; - '/V v :.r \z: _ y-Zitr.-V 1 < -v. ri: ..t- http://vvww.pmdocs.com/getallimg.asp?DOCID=l 001818588/8593 6/13/00 1001818588 Page 2 of 6 -x.'S'i. Goldsmith -2- . March 7, 1968 a ,fi/h.:. -k ^ ip *^"the claims against clgaret smoking are grossly exaggerated," and anyway / why pick on ua when there are so many other more frequent causes of death ':v-~ ;$5:.' than lung cancer? Of this the public can wily aay like Hamlet's Queen,Mother, r'||<:^'The lady doth protest toomoch.H ' " ' r^t; ::V; //""The loud cries of the antl-clgaret zealots haw now eocYlncsd so many of the *; ^ Uninformed masse* that clgarsta are harmful that the voice cf the moderate* J 0-'` Is stilled throughout the land. The situation hs* gotten to the point that the >;'^moderate*, moss physicians, and other scientific professionala will vat apeak j ; on the subject even In behalf cf scientific troth because they are fearful of ^?publlc criticism and professional ostracism. sWe hare It on good authority, "'*' example, that many scientists and physicians believe that Dr, Carl C. > Setter committed professional suicide In hla courageous attack la J. A..M, a. 4^-On the anti-clgaret "establishment" and its allegations that ataaldng cause* =g5^Coroaary heart disease. Or. Joseph Berkson and Professor K. Alexander" ^fi&Ifruwftlee and others who formerly spoke up In behalf of scientific objectivity , i^bavo been strangely silent during the past few years. '.,{&% ..;'. *'v Fortunately, despite this less of credibility on the part of Industry, smoking -.? F^goes on essentially unabated, although die increasing popularity cf fibers and .^acceptability of low delivery brands indicate people are worrying about the..,: '-? -problem. The popular and stock market reaction to &ricta> an clearly demon- V.V*strates public concern, and one may expect per capita participation In smoking ^ v to decrease as the current anti-smoking propaganda campaign beg Ins to take >offect. *- *v >4ryPbac steps has the Industry taken to combat this deterioration of Its Image over the peat fifteen years? It established the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (now The Council for Tobacco Research * U.S, A.) which, although Tfs It may Initially have had a public relations benefit, has. In this writer*a 3;;^opinion, given little positive support to the "vigorous denial" approach nor i ha* It given respectability to tho Industry's posture of objectivity. It has ", W C g ^ produced few If any otyeertve and newsworthy findings to controvert die ; allegations of the antl-clgaret zealots. The same negative conclusion might '. 8 / / be made of the A.M.A. Tobacco and Health research program, although it 8 ' -is too early to evaluate Its results In any depth. GO Cfii Scrnewher between the vigorous denial" and tho open admission cf allegations ;Vtuiuat lie an area In which the Industry can find an Image of credibility and :~->4'objectivity In themtnd of knowing people. Somewhere between no research f-'-'/'and a massive effort to And the cause of caacer there must be an area of - scientific endeavor which will give the Industry a solid basis on which to stand. -/ Somehow or ocher It must be possible to establish a group of inhiatry supported dentists, respected by their peers even In the anti-cigar** scientific community, > who can raise a voice In favor of scientific truth that will be heard. : ! L . ~ . -> V ht^^www^^mdoc^om/getdlim^s^TDOCID^OOlS^SSS/SS^S 6/13/00 1001818588 Page 3 of 6 r. #%?:'iy,,. Mr. Goldsmith sfeA'A#S)^rr; ... - 3* March 7, 196S V&Tto writer believe* that the bast* ter this kind of scientific ddeavor lie* v^la a cigaret Industry cooperative research organization, Such an organization *3 might be called the Cigaret Research Institute. Us membership would be open to all ctgaree manufacturers.. Its purpose and objective* would be to assemble, ^generate, and evaluate seleixiflc Information about tobacco, clgareta, cigaret \: conipoDeBts, smoking behavior, etc. of common Interest to the members and ; *-' to make such Information available to the member companies and for such ': - further use as the members may deem appropriate. In time It might be ex- - pected that the Cigaret Research Institute would carry out & broad enough ` * ;a*d sound enough program toestablish the scientific fact needed to put the > .^ysmoking sad health problem Into proper perspective. 0 ' ? ; " ': y '-if - There follows a list at Industrywide research problems to which the Cigaret ^. Industry Institute could address Itself Immediately: T&xkf-th .What la the amofcfcg behavior of the cigaret consuming public. :.>y>Mv'>5f-r--.d*id how la this relied to the actual smote exposure td the . .. "t 'j > . - smoking public (as Opposed to the potential exposure baaed oa F*T.C* ter test method}? ; ^.a. a; k. ' *',,sp. **/ *- * ` " T . * ' /.v'.v v ''v . J*. ^Li;Vr '>2* Development of information on the relation of smoke com- a :r^j'. :. -- position to the conditions and/or method of smoke generation . leading to the improved definition at smoking condition* and/ or machines which simulate human smoking, 3. v:. :, 4. . /a Determination at the precursors Of compounds In sm oke, particularly at those which might be deemed hazardous to health. i.y;y a ,. v.aaI. 'v" -f* ' l- *./*r'. ' " ' ' Development of improved and accepted standard analytical procedures of common Interest. ' Compilation of data on tobacco composition as related to . 4vl . ' <"ber ^oxacteristlcs and conditions of growth beyond that y/yWw being done In the cooperative crop development program yy: In the experimental station*. J-'V- .A ` .-. ---- ' -"'"vv*.- \r* *' -T/y- . '//*_. 6. Determination of Information relative to agricultural residues - In tobacco and smoke. - *Y - These studies will provide a background for two other broad studies which the ; . tobacco industry may some day wbh to Initiate: y A- A review of epidemiological evidence relating human aliments 'Yvsr. : to environmental and behavioral factors with the aim of rey&y.'! y.veallng other areas which can be Investigated to find to what j http:',7vvvvvv.pmdocs.com/getallimg.asp?DQCn>2HX)18j_8588/8593 6/13/00 1001818588 Page 4 of 6 ^ Mr. Goldsm. ' ith . ' ; = t .*-fLif '** . ,l'. y. ^ ; **. -4- . ' March 7. 1968 ' ' . ' There are proboily ocher areas in which a cooperative program would be beneficial, bur the above listing will suffice for the moment. Let us review some advantages of the proposed Cigaret Research Institute. . ^ Sa" t.. v ' ' ' v... ,--ii;. ; I. Our major technical problems are common to all cigaret compantea : * ' and are of such a magnitude and complexity that the Urge effort ~v- / . required ia beyond the research resources of any single company. - Under these circumstances, a concerted action Is better and more : ' > effective than indMdosl action. It overocrnea the disadvantage at duplication, and increases greatly the over-all quantity of irJor- . v- ;- mation available to all companies. Furthermore, the strength - .. in numbers world*); on common objectives is more effective in "J-L. . . dealing with our scientific critics. > - v >2. _Ab induatry research institute would provide a basis for technical ^i^v^pij^ooperattan with ocher agencies such aa government, research "1-v;Sr-%1 foundations, public supported associations, etc. which would ` And it awfcward to deal with one single company as a representative y of the Industry. Relations of thia type la the legal, political, and . ^ 1 . public relations field are being handled by The Tobacco institute. etc., but no such mechanism ts available for technical liaison and \\ commanlcatlon. y' - 3. The Rosesuch tnstiwa could have an apparatus which would wti/:t;. . clpate and prepare Information for countering nntl-clgaret propa- "/.i gands blasts of a scientific nature. jr .. -1 4. The Research Institute would provide a mechanism for carrying out contract research and for Investigating areas of interest to the entire induatry which are brought in by outside agencies and Inventora. Of course, It would have to be recognized that the Institute management would have to guard agalnat needless diversion of the effort due to outside idea investigation and attempts by others vr^-v. '-y'-r,-** r htt^//www^mdocs^om/getalUm^as?DOCI^^100^^8588/8593 6/13/00 1001818588 Page 5 of 6 *2 Mr. Goldsmith - . :! . " *5- March 7. 1968 to use the Institute for propaganda or public relations purposes* The Institute should limit Itself to basic technologies applicable to broad industry program*. . In Ita organization the Inatlnae would require a capable dLrecior, familiar . ' with the problems of.the Industry and yet <rf sufficient scientific stature to ^ command the respect of me non-tobacco scientific profession. It would ; require an efficient central research facility, Some of the work erf the . :.t,*' . Institute could be done by parceling out cooperative activities to the various . : .Cccnapany research laboratories in these instances where the company //laboratories ore uniquely qualified, both In term* erf manpower and equipment, V$$if 47to carry on certain typos d work. Other areas of Investigation could be <: V ? contracted out to suitable research Institutes, universities, and similar X' ^organizations. It la not visualized that me Institute would make grants for . academic type research, and tn this respect 1c should be emphasized that die . < -^Institute program should be considered as complementary to rather than equal "to or replacing existing programs tn other tobacco Industry supported ageocles. j^r(A moat difficult aspect of the Institute would be the control of information generated by the Institute, One approach might be that all of the information >?' 'k,^*Bin0d *7 it abovld be restricted to the research department* of the member companies, on whom would then be placed the respotwlbUUy for the proper 'limine Information. Since the company research groups are generally under the company managements, they would be expected"to be stiffLrferdy iV/'-acnaUtve to the propriety of releasing Information which would undermine V-^i'and possibly destroy the benefits of the Ctgarec Research Institute to die r ->t'} Industry as a whole. :'it `/Finally, let It be said that this proposal is In essence the more effective ; organization of activities already underway on an ad hoc basis. The research . directors of the several clgarct companies now meet to discuss and solve //'.common problems. Examples are the formation of the Tobacco Institute ^ ^Testlrcg laboratory, the Investigation of Chemosol, the evaluation of smoking l-h' C . A machine prototypes for The Council of Tobacco Research, y>.\`S/,,.pattern* for selection erf a standard butt length, etc. the study of smoking ....... oo All of these activities have been cooperatively carried out, utilizing both v internal and external resources, and under the supervision of one or another tn tfi W the company research directors. To a greater or lesser extent these ' activities bare interfered with the company directed goals of the respective research departments. It la time an effective industry-wide technical or ganization be considered to handle these and other Important technical matters. To be sure there would be problems la this as In any other organization, but pone which could twe be solved by capable leadership. htt^vw^^mdocsxom/getalUrn^as?DOCID^TO(H^58^^593 6/13/00 1001818588 Page 6 of 6 Mr. Goldsmith ~ 6* March 7. 1968 "*4r-V.- The clgaret Industry eartnot help bat benefit In the long run (ran the execution 1 and publication of properly designed and performed researches which lead to ' the revelation of truth, whatever It may be. Our present situation stems from , lack of knowledge rather than from an overaktadance. If we had available better or more certain knowledge of any existing or potential health hazard from ctgarot smoking, we would have a greater likelihood of modifying ctgarets In a manner to reduce the hazard and to preserve the benefits of smoking and our business. Ef, on the ocher hand, good researches reveal new mobs, vV."-V. negating previous conclusions regarding the hazards of clgaret smoJdng. y^0 : eventually these truths will silence our critics and again benefit the lodusti^r^:,;1;:;, s r .Thft one way In which we can la tho long run do ourselves the greatest barm 'Mix' ; :1s to fall to learp all we con about our products and our business, to fall to. Vs': : * ' ../.'faces. V.jy .TfA'' - TV; v . ........... rr^iv. ^ b Ii , \ iy.Vrt'Xi-p* /^i r; j:/''v ' ':v ~ ... *.: Ar ^ *\ v r i* - . , * -- ? 1 Xr V ; te* .. 4 . .. r; '\ 4 .... .. ' *. f ys. - J. . ^. ;-c ;.v ~f` - .?.y >:/ -* ' . ... V.f./*' ' V '> . 09 ' 8 (C CO \* >. _*- x '"7'//*' 3? irs I'j.'/v t* , htt|//vvww;mdocsiconi/getallini^;as?DOCID=1001^8588/8593 6/13/00