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SC-ASHVE-002 Sr. Louis Public (CHI) Library .. , American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Heating ventilating air conditioning guide. VOL 2 1923 c.t * 628.8 AMERICAN v.2.1923 21718 75709__ ~ociety of Heating and Ventilatijng Engineer S. J2S3XSJL No.. This Book SbalF From ThoUbr^ QK Qode of Ethics for Engineers 44 NGINEERING work has become an increasingly im E portant factor in the progress of civilization and in the welfare of the community. The engineering profession is held responsible for the planning, construction and operation of such work and is entitled to the position and authority which will enable it to discharge this responsibility and to render effec tive service to humanity. That the dignity of their chosen profession may be maintained, it is the duty of all engineers to conduct themselves according to the principles of the following Code of Ethics: 1--The engineer will carry on his professional work in a spirit of fairness to employees and contractors, fidelity to clients and employers, loyalty to his country and devotion to high ideals of courtesy and personal honor. 2--He will refrain from associating himself with or allow ing the use of his name by an enterprise of questionable character, 3--He will advertise only in a dignified manner, being care ful to avoid misleading statements. 4--He will regard as confidential any information obtained by him as to the business affairs and technical methods or processes of a client or employer. 5--He will inform a client or employer of any business connections, interests or affiliations which might influence his judgment or impair the disinterested quality of his services. 6--He will refrain from using any improper or questionable methods of soliciting professional work and will decline . to pay or to accept commissions for securing such work. 7--He will accept compensation, financial or otherwise, for a particular service, from one source only, except with the full knowledge and consent of all interested parties. 8--He will not use unfair means to win professional ad vancement or to injure the chances of another engineer to secure and hold employment. 9--He will cooperate in upbuilding the engineering pro fession by exchanging general information and experience with his fellow engineers and students of engineering and ' also by contributing to work of engineering societies, schools of applied science and the technical press. 10-- He will interest himself inm fhe public welfare in behalf of which he will be ready to apply his special knowledge, skill and training for the use and-benefit of mankind. i ri i i. r .1 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1923 Containing Reference and Design Data Useful in the Planning and Construction of Modern Heating and Ventilating Installations -- Prepared from the Society's Transactions--Investigations of Its Research Laboratory -- and the Practice of Its Members Together with A CATALOG AND REFERENCE DATA SECTION CONTAINING ESSENTIAL AND RELIABLE FACTS .CONCERNING MODERN EQUIPMENT AND THE ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE SOCIETY Vol. 2 $3.00 Per Volume E2S3181 Published Annually by American Society of Heatinct and Ventilating Engineers' _ 29 West 39TH Street New York. Copyright, 1923 . by American Societv of Heating and Ventilating Engineers PREFACE SEVERAL changes in the arrangement and style of this, the second annual edition of THE GUIDE, have been made in order to improve its service to its users in the Heating and Ventilating Industry. As in the case of the First Edition issued in 1922 the new GUIDE will provide the Engineer, Architect and Contractor with useful and reliable reference data on modern heating and ventilating practice and equipment. An additional service is given this year as the text section has been complete ly revised and renewed, including the latest design data available to guide the Engineer Architect and Contractor in producing the most effective installations for Heating and Ventilating various kinds of buildings. Each step in the procedure is logically taken up from the consideration of the required system, the figuring of heat losses, choice of proper equipment for heating by steam, hot water or warm-air, auto matic heat control systems, ventilation, air conditioning, exhaust and collecting systems and other related facts that must be considered in the design and installation of a modern Heating and Ventilating Plant. In connection with an enlarged Catalog Data Section, whereby manufacturers may inform Engineers, Architects and Contractors of the most modern equipment available, a list of products made by the users of Catalog Data Pages, is offered as a helpful supplement to this section affords an accurate Index of the Modern Equipment available. As in the case of the First Edition all Catalog Data have been carefully edited in an effort to eliminate exaggerated statements or claims for, it is be lieved that data of this character is of greatest interest and of most value to the Engineers, Architects and Contractors who use THE GUIDE as a reference volume and to the Manufacturers who wish to helpfully present facts about their Equipment. . It has been the endeavor of Guide Publications Committee to materially improve this Second Edition of THE GUIDE from the suggestions of its Users, for it is believed that this enthusiastic coopera tion from the Profession at large will result in making THE GUIDE the standard reference work in our field, thereby performing a needed and valuable service in the advancement of the Art, both as to Engineering and Equipment. * The American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers having fori its purposes the advancement of the arts and sciences in its / fields dedicates this volume to the service of the Industry and hopes that a closer contact between the maker and user of equipment will result in improved service to the country at large. Any funds which may accrue from this activity will be devoted to Research, and will thus react to' the mutual advantage of the entire Profession and Trade. The Guide Publication Committee releases THE GUIDE 1923 with the sincere hope that it will render a real service and take its place as a useful and worthy Reference Book on modern Heating and Ventilating Practice and Equipment. Guide Publication Committee ESTEN BOLLING, Chairman HOMER ADDAMS, Treasurer S. E. DIBBLE W. H. DRISCOLL E. S. HALLETT J. IRVINE LYLE C. L. RILEY PERRY WEST . j i Qontents Page Code of Ethics................................................ ............................. Insert .Preface........................................... ....................................................... Heating Section.................. 1-124 Heating.................................................................. 1 Heat Losses From Buildings..................... .......... .......... ................ 3 Steam Heating........................................ ............ :...................... .. 15 Pipe Sizes for Steam Heating...................... .................... ........... . 31 The Boiler...-..!...... 43 Typical Connections........................................................................ 49 Pump Data................................. :.............................. ....................... 55 Capacities of Steam Heating Risers..................... 59 Hot Water Heating................................................. 65 Warm-Air Furnace Heating.............................. 79 Gas Heating........................................................................... 91 Automatic Heat Control................................................................. 97 Insulation............................................ .................... ;....................... 103 Infiltration............................ r..... ........................ '......... ..........-- 111 ^ipe......... .......... ................................... ........... :..... .......... ........ 114 Fire Clay Brick and Refractory Cements in Boiler Settings 123 Ventilation Section........ :..... 125-176 How to Use the Synthetic Air Chart............ ....... .......... 125 Determining Equal Comfort Lines................................... 133 Ventilators........... ........--.............................. ..................... 139 Air Conditioning........................ 149 Refrigeration...............................;........ ...............:........................... 155 Exhaust and Collecting Systems.................... 1..... :................... 165 Catalog Data Section...................... 177-351 Index to Modern Equipment............... 352-358 Index to Advertisers.............. 359-360 Roll of Membership.............. ................................................ 361-399 Alphabetical List............ ............. 361 Summary'of Membership...................................... ..................... 392 Geographical List............................................................... 393 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1923 HEATING . PARTIES RESPONSIBLE FOR HEATING PLANT PERFORMANCE IT is well to first determine the responsibilities of the three parties upon whom the successful performance of the heating plant depends before setting forth the various factors that must be considered in the proper design of a steam heating plant. The parties primarily responsible for the performance of the heating plant are the owner, the heating con tractor, and the boiler manufacturer. The owner is held responsible for the acts of fiis agents, such as the consulting engineer and the archi tect, also the builder. The owfter is responsible: first, for the proper construction of the building, according to the plans and specifications furnished to the heat ing contractor; second, for the proper construction of a smoke tight chimney (See Model Ordinance for Construction of Chimneys, (A. S. H. & V. E. Journal, Dec., 1921, also Guide, 1922 p. 35), having at least the minimum dimensions and height to produce the required quantity of draft as recommended by the boiler manufacturer; third, for the quality and kind.of fuel furnished; fourth, for the proper design of the heating plant when designed by a consulting engineer; fifth, for the proper operation of the plant according to the instructions of the heating . contractor and the boiler manufacturer (See paper, Heating the Home Economically, A. S. H. & V. E. Journal, January, 1922, p. 21). The heating contractor is responsible: first, for the proper construction of the heating plant in a good workmanlike manner according to the plans and specifications; second, for the proper design of the heating plant when designed under his own directions. ' The boiler manufacturer is responsible: first, for the proper rating of the boiler according to the A. S. H. & V. E. Code for Testing Low Pressure Heating Boilers (See Transactions, Vol. 25, p. 143 also Guide, 1922, p. 27); second, for the proper performance of the boiler when operated under standard code conditions as to the conditions of the boiler, quantity of draft, kind and quality of fuel, methods of firing apd operation, and proper functioning of piping system.. (See Boiler Rated Capacity, p. 43 and 48). ' Material for this section on Heating also the sections on Heat Losses From Buildings. Steam Heating. Pipe Sizes for Steam Heating, and The Boiler, were especially prepared for The Guide 1923 by P. J. Dough erty. Utica. N. Y., who hereby acknowledges the many valuable suggestions made by W. L. Durand. New York. W. H. Driscoll, New York, and C. V. Haynes, Philadelphia. Pa. . 1. / AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATINGENGINEERS GUIDEJE3 If any one of these nine basic requirements for the successful per formance of a heating plant is below par, it is enough to cause failure of a heating plant that otherwise would be a success. A heating plant is like a chain that is no stronger than its weakest link. STRIKING A HEAT BALANCE The engineer in designing a heating system must strike a balance between the output or heat loss from the building and the input of heat from the system and boiler principally. The output falls under three classifications; infiltration, transmission, and line losses. The proper input depends upon the proper size and type of radiators, the proper design and sizes of piping and valves, and the proper capacity and type of boiler installed. The correct balance of these six major factors means a properly installed heating system, and with proper and intelligent operating conditions will give efficient performance. The total heat the heating apparatus must furnish, includes the total heat loss plus a heating-up-factor. The heating-up-factor is determined by the rate at which initial heat is required to raise the temperature of the cold building and its contents to a desired degree in a given time. ' . For actual'practice the heating-up-factor can be added to the infiltra tion losses and expressed in terms of air changes. The number of air changes per hour which will occur in a room, depends on its construction, exposure, number and type of windows, doors, etc. Air changes for average conditions, without providing for ventilation, can be figured as follows: Rooms, 1 side exposed " 2" " " 3" " 4 ** " " Entrance halls Reception halls Living rooms Dining rooms Bath rooms Drug stores ` Clothing stores Churches ) Factories i Lofts, etc.J . . =i =i h =2 Air change "" "" =2 = 2 to 3 =2 = 1 to 2 = 1 to 2 =2 . r* = 2 to 3 =1 per hr " n ti " ii 4* ii = 1 to 3 To heat 1 cu. ft. of air 1 deg. fahr. requires 0.02 B.t.u., then the cubic contents of a room times the number of air changes times 0.02 times the difference in temperature between the outside and inside (for which the system is designed), will give the number of B.t.u. required for heating up and infiltration. This added to the transmission losses gives the total B.t.u. required for heating. ' - HEAT LOSSES FROM BUILDINGS INFILTRATION INFILTRATION losses are due to the leakage of cold air into and warm air out of the building. Those losses are figured either on a basis of the number of air changes per hour or on a basis of window leakage (Table 1). The infiltration losses depend upon the nature and tightness of the build ing construction, the lineal feet of window and door cracks, the amount of air admitted for ventilation, the presence of open fireplaces, and vent registers, and the air admitted by opening and closing of doors and other openings. Infiltration losses can be materially reduced by the use of storm doors and windows, metal weather strips on doors and windows, by calking around door and window casings, and in frame construction by close fitting tongue and groove siding covered with heavy building paper, and by the use of plaster board in place of lath. The infiltration loss through brick .walls is usually high, while that through hollow tile walls is very high due to the many chipped openings and the thin plaster bearing points where the ends of tile abut. Besides the wind factor in trans mission, the high infiltration loss in windy weather is the reason, accord ing to Whitten and March, (See A. S. H.-& V. . Transactions, Vol. 22, p. 195), that it is as difficult to heat arr exposed room at 20 deg. above zero with a 35-mile wind blowing, as it would be to heat the same room at 20 deg. below zero with no wind blowing. Strong winds very seldom prevail at temperatures below 15 deg. above zero. The drop in tempera ture for each mile wind velocity is given in Table 11 and it can readily be seen that this matter of wind velocity must receive careful considera tion in planning and designing a house heating plant that will render efficient service in all weather conditions. This cold air entering through the building construction cracks, and crevices, windows, etc. is a load that the heating plant must meet and each installation presents a particular problem in this respect. The cold air leaking into the room must be heated from the tempera ture of the outside air to that of the room temperature. One cubic foot of air at zero weighs 0.086 lb. (Guide, 1922, p. 166), while at 70 deg. 1 cu. ft. of air weighs only 0.075 lb. Therefore, 0.87 cu. ft. of air leakage into a room at 0 deg. becomes 1 cu. ft. of air at the room temperature of 70 deg. The specific heat of air at constant pressure, or the number of heat units required to raise 1 lb. of air 1 deg., is 0.2415. To raise 0.87 cu. ft. of air which weighs 0.075 lb. only 1 deg., requires 0.075 X 0.2415 = 0.0181 heat units, and to raise it 70 deg. from zero to room temperature, requires 70 X 0.0181 = 1.267 heat units. . " In every day practice of figuring, the approximate value of 0.02 heat units per cu. ft. per deg. rise in temperature is used in place of 0.0181. Therefore, in order to obtain the heat loss due to infiltration multi ply together these four factors; (1) contents of room in cubic feet 3 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & IYENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS GUIDEJ923 rAMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTIEATIN6 ENGINEERSGUIDE.1923'; Instead of using a certain number of air changes as a basis for esti mating infiltration losses many engineers use the lineal feet of window and outside of door cracks. Where the glass and door area is small in F ig . 1. T o tal 4*jf ilt r a t io n L e a k a g e for V ar io u s W indo w s T ested F ig . 2. n f il t r a t io n L e a k a g e T hrough t h e Pe r im e t e r of t h e Sash O n lyI times (2) number of air changes per hour times (3) the difference in tem perature between the inside and outside times (4) 0.02 heat units. Example.--What is the heat loss through infiltration from a living room containing 2,000 cu. ft. of space to be heated to 70 deg. in zero weather and figuring two air changes per hour? ' ~ 2000 X 2 X 70 X 0.02 = 5,600 heat units. 4 V/aU M 0/V//H JO A1/OCT73A 03J.ro/aM proportion to the cubical contents, the loss should be checked with the air change method, so that a minimum equivalent to one air change is allowed. This is necessary in order that sufficient heat will be available 5 fi i In , AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VFNTUATIN6 ENGINEERSGIDE023 to bring the room quickly up to temperature after it has been cooled down. , TABLE 1. APPROXIMATE HEAT LOSS THROUGH WINDOWS BY INFILTRATION* B.t.u. Per Hr. Construction Per Ft. of Crack Poor (iV in. Sash Clearance)............................... ........................ 2.4 Good in. Sash Clearance)..-..................................................... 1.2 Weather Stripped Sash..................... .............................................. 0.6 (See Paper by Stephen F. Voorhees and Henry C. Meyers, Jr., in Transactions, Vol. 22, p. 183). Due to the fact the leakage of cold air inward occurs on the windward side of the building or room, and the warm air leaks out on the leeward side, figure only the total lineal feet of sash and door crack existing in the one outside wall having the maximum glass and door area and not the total lineal feet of crack in the room. By this method the loss of good construction due to infiltration will be for 70 deg. inside and 0 deg. outside, the product of (1) the number of lineal feet of crack, times (2) the temperature difference or 70, times (3) the heat loss per foot per degree difference or 1.2 heat units which for two 3x6 ft. windows equals: -- 42 X 70 X 1.2 = 3528 heat units. The crackage .in each window is (3 X 3) + (2 X 6) or 21 ft., or for the two windows, 42 ft. If the construction of those two windows was poor (as is frequently the case), the crack area per foot of crack would be at least equal to 12 X A, or % sq. in. and for 42 ft. of crack, the total crack area equals 42 X % or 32 sq. in., the equivalent in area of a hole 4 in. x 8 in. The value of metal weather strips and storm windows is quite evident in stopping the equivalent of such a large opening in two standard windows. TRANSMISSION LOSSES . Heat flows from a higher to a lower temperature at a definite rate, depending upon the difference in temperature and the character and thickness of the material through which it passes. ' TABLE 2. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WINDOWS, ROOF GLASS AND SKYLIGHTS Zaza- -y-- GLASS ................. --....................................... ,wooo 1.10 B.t.U. ^y///zt GLA55i ................................. ........... .................... GLASS WZA------ ^----------- '\ SOLID .......... '' 1 10 GLASS # ttif \ ...................... ILely ^HOLLOW GLASS --i--------- -- METAL ......................... kzzdf ^ . Raj ................... 1.10 . . 0 60 6 AMERICAN SOMTYOF HEATING & The accompanying heat transmission tables are for average conditions of construction and the rate of transmission for any material is given in the number of B.t.u. which will be transmitted per degree difference in temperature per hour pier square foot of surface. The Research Bureau of the American Society of Heating & Ventilating Engineers are making heat transmission tests of different material and when results are published, all heat transmission tables may be revised. TABLE 3. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM FLOORS ASSUME TEMPERATURE UNDER FLOOR TO BE 40*F. ABOVE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE CONSTRUCTION B.T.U. I^V-rj-<l>..^...-.^^A-CONCRETE round 31 .29 .30 BRICK roun d .29 _^iS4'wooo floor -waterproofing CO NCR CTE ^"GROUND .10 ^--3* CONCRETE * S-.VoT:* st-C 1NDER FILL SLEEPERS-^ RO u o .07 TABLE 4. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM -- ASSUME TEMPERATURE OF UNHEATED AIR SPACE ABOVE TO BE 35 FAHR. ABOVE THE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE CONSTRUCTION B Plasta------- ' Space Joists Lath axu .60 1--t feP-joi5; Plaster'* "Lath 26 ^--l^Metal Czitiofi 36 A0 .21 4) SLEEPERS' S*&sU-5*CmOER FILL RO UN O .11 ibi .............................^64* WOOD FLOOR fiL sf/A L-AIR SPACE J3 ^ r? 4* Reinforced Concrete L00 co"d 66 41 36 TABLE 5. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM INTERIOR WALLS Construction Plaster, Lath, Studs, Lath and Plaster... Studs, Lath and Plaster.................. ;......... 4" Hollow Tile, Plastered I Side............. 4" Hollow Tile, Plastered Both Sides..... 2" Gypsum Block, Plastered 1 Side___... 2" Gypsum Block, Plastered Both Sides. 7 B.t.u. 0.34 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.64 < 0.60 ' AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HMTJNG & YENTILATIN6ENGINEERS SUIE023 TABLE 6. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM ROOFS Construction B.t.u. 1" Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel.................................................................... 1" Wood, Felt Roofing.,.............................................................................................. 1 Yx' Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel................................................................ 2" Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel..............................--............................. 2A" Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel............................................................... Tin on Wood Strips....................................................................................................... Tin on Sheathing...................................................i....................................................... Tin on Sheathing, with Paper.,.................................................................................. Shingles on Wood Strips................................................ ............................... -............. Shingles on Sheathing.,.................................................. ............................................. Shingles, Paper, Sheathing, Strips............................................................................. 4" Hollow Tile, Paper, Tar and Gravel.................................................................... 6" Hollow Tile, Paper, Tar and Gravel.................................................................... 2" Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel......................................................................... 3" Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel......................................................................... 4" Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel......................................................................... Flat Tile on Wood Strips............................................................................................. Flat Tile on Sheathing.................................................................................................. Slate on Wood Strips........... ......................................................................................... Slate on Paper and Sheathing.,......................................................... ;....................... Corrugated Iron on Strips........................................................................................... Corrugated Iron, Sheathing......................................................................................... 0.30 0.36 0.26 0.21 0.18 1.60 0.60 0.43 0.87 0.43 0.21 0.30 0.27 0.71 0.64 0.57 1.07 0.64 1.10 0.50 1.50 0.64 TABLE 7. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WOOD DOORS AND WOOD PARTITIONS to 1" Thick Tongued and Grooved =0.65 B.t.u. i" i is" " <T " =0.60 " IH" " 1H" l A" " 2" 2" " 2'A" 2W " 3" =0.50 =0.42 =0.35 =0.30 " " " " TABLE 8. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WALLS OF VARIOUS CONSTRUCTIONS Thickness op Board in In, Two Boards with Paper Between Board and Corrugated Iron Board and Sheet Iron 'A" l" VA" 2" 2A" 0.32 B.t.u. 0.24 " 0.19 " 0.16 " 0.14 " 0.45 B.t.u. 0.36 " 0.30 " 0.26 " 0.23 " 0.50 B.t.u. 0.40 " 0.33 " 0.28 " 0.25 " TABLE 9. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WALLS OF CLAPBOARD___________ Construction B.t.u. Clapboard on Studs.................... .'................................................................................. Clapboard on Studs, Lath and Plaster..................................................................... Clapboard, Paper, Studs, Lath and Plaster................................................. ........... Clapboard, Studs, 1" Sheathing..... ................................................................ ........... Clapboard, Sheathing, Studs; Lath and Plaster..................................................... Clapboard, Paper, Sheathing, Studs, Lath and Plaster........................................ Clapboard, Studs, Brick Fill....................................................................................... Clapboard, Studs,.Brick Fill, Papered...................................................................... Clapboard, Studs, Brick Fill, Lath and Plaster.,................................................... Clapboard, Sheathing, Studs, Lath and Plaster with Sawdust Fill......... .............. Clapboard, Paper, Sheathing, Studs, Lath and Plaster with Sawdust Fill....... 0.62 0.48 0.34 0.57 0.37 0.30 0.40 0.36 0.31 0.21 o.is T A B L E 10. H E A T T R A N S M IS S IO N FR O M V A R IO U S T Y P E S O F W A L L C O N S T R U C T IO N < V eo rcWi. 13030 ;*-<# * * n 4 <0 O O N 0 ll f) N o^ iOn o4) "N oV ,,4 < <0 0 O to .1? W *} 9 'AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & YENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS GEIDEJ923) CALCULATING HEAT LOSS If air within a room is maintained at a higher temperature than air surrounding the room, there will be a loss of heat through the walls, partitions, ceiling or floor to air of lower temperature. This heat loss may be to the outside, an adjoining room or space above or below. ' To heat and maintain a predetermined temperature in a room, an equal amount of heat must be supplied at the rate at which it is lost. In practice heat losses are figured on an hourly basis and the unit of measure is the B.t.u. Warm air rises,, hence the temperature in a room at various levels will differ according to conditions. For rooms not over 12 ft. high this dif ference can be taken at 1 deg. per ft. and the average can be taken at the temperature to be maintained at the breathing line (5 ft. from the floor) and 5 ft. from the wall. There is a greater temperature difference at or near the ceiling than at the breathing line or at the floor but in actual practice this is usually neglected in calculating the heat losses. In computing glass surface, figure the entire window opening. It is customary to figure outside doors as all glass, taking the entire door opening. In order to accurately calculate the transmission heat loss from a room or building multiply the number of square feet of each kind of surface by its constant and then by the difference in temperature between the air in the room or building and the outside air and add together to obtain the total. Compute the heat losses for a zero to 70 deg. fahr. condition as follows: A room 10x10x8 ft. with two windows 3x5 ft. has two sides exposed, is heated above and below and walls are of clapboard, paper, sheathing, studs, lath and plaster. One and one-half air changes should be allowed. Then, Cubical contents = 10X10 X 8 = 800 cu. ft. Windows -- 3X 5+3X5= 30 sq. ft. Gross wall =10+10X8 =160 sq.ft. Net wall =160-30 =130 sq.ft. . - Refer to Table 9 and find heat loss per square foot per degree for walls of clapboard, paper, sheathing, studs, lath and plaster to be 0.3 B.t.u. per hr. ' Do not give consideration to inside partition, ceiling or floor as the surrounding space is also to be heated. Then, Cubical contents 800X114X0.02 X 70 = 1,480 B.t.u. Glass 30X1.1X70 =2,310 B:t.u. Net wall 130X0.3X70 =2,730 B.tiu. Total heat loss from room =6,520 B.t.u. 10 ': AMERICAN SOOETYQF BEATING & VENTILATINGENGINEERS 6UBJEJ923] When windows and other openings are not weather stripped an allow ance of 10 to 15 per cent for exposure due to prevailing winds, should be added to the computed heat losses. As the room mentioned faces the north, and is not weather stripped add 15 per cent to computed heat losses. Then, 6,520X1.15 = 7,498, total heat loss. . If the ceiling construction in the room was lath and plaster with floor above and the space above was not heated the room should be figured as follows: . Referring to Table 4 it is found that the heat loss per degree, per square foot to be 0.26 B.t.u. per hr. Special note should be taken that this space will be only 35 deg. fahr. when it is zero outside, and as the room is heated to 70 deg. fahr. the temperature difference will be 70--35 = 35 deg. Cubical contents 800X1J4X0.02X70 Glass 30X1.1X70 Net wall 130X0.3X70 Ceiling 100X0.26X35 = 1,480 B.t;u. =2,310 B.t.u. = 2,730 B.t.u. = 910 B.t.u. Total Heat Loss from Room =7,430 B.t.u. Adding 15 per cent for Northern Exposure = 8,544 B.t.u. EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND WIND VELOCITY As shown in the section on calculation of heat loss, it is customary to add 10 per cent to 15 per cent to the heat loss of rooms on the sides of the building exposed to the prevailing winds in coldest weather. The coldest exposure varies with the location. North and west are usually considered the coldest exposure. According to the U. S. Weather Bureau (Table 12), the coldest exposure in Salt Lake City is S.E.; in Denver, S.; in Chicago, S.W.; in Albany, S., which indicates how important it is to know not only the average and lowest temperatures of a place but also the prevailing wind directions in winter. Every plan should show the ``points of the compass." TABLE 11. DROP IN TEMPERATURE FOR EACH MILE WIND VELOCITY Temp. Deg. fahr. . 50 deg. to 40 deg. 40 deg. to 30 deg. 30 deg. to 20 deg. 20 deg. to 10 deg. 10 deg. to 0 deg. 0 deg. to -10 deg. -10 deg. to -20 deg. Wind Velocity 1 mile per hr.equals 1 mile per hr.equals 1 mile per hr.equals 1 mile per hr.equals 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr.equals 1 mile per hr. equals Deg. of Temp. Drop 0.75 deg. drop 1.0 deg. drop 1.1 deg. drop ' 1.2 deg. drop 1.3 deg. drop 1.4 deg. drop 1.5 deg. drop - In other words a temperature of 5 deg. above zero with a 30-mile wind would be equivalent to 34 deg; below zero with no wind blowing. It will be found; however, that the coefficients for transmission allow for a wind velocity of from 10 to 15 miles per hr. 11 "'I [ MEB1CM SOOETYOF AMONG & AMERICAN SOQETIOF HEATING & YENTIIATIN6 ENGINEERS 6HDE19S TABLE 12. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMPILED FROM U. S. WEATHER BUREAU RECORDS Col. A Col. B i ----------------------------- 1 f|J State City .1 Alo , Ar,i;z, ,, ' Art- Pal -I nr 1 Pla i r,a Idaho J in l 111.............................. InH T/vtira } f,| La--................... [. Me ? Md t Mn 1 NH ij N.J.-.............. n.y ..... NT M' . 1^ Col. C Col. D Col. E Col. F Average Temp., Oct. 1st- May 1st Lowest Tempera ture Average Wind Vel ocity Dec.. Jan., Feb., Miles per Hr. Direction of Prevail ing Wind. Dec., Jan., Feb. 57.7 53.9 59.5 34.9 49.5 51.6 54.3 58.6 39.3 39.2 38.0 43.2 61.9 51.4 58.4 42.5 36.4 36.4 39.9 40.2 44.1 33.9 32.1 38.9 40.2 45.2 61.5 56.2 31.1 33.6 43.6 37.6 29.1 35.4 . 27.6 25.1 29.6 56.0 40.3 43.0 34.7 27.7 37.0 34.6 39.6 37.9 33.4 41.6 35.1 34.7 40.3 38.0' -i --10 16 -25 -15 -12 29 28 -29 -16 -14 -15 10 -8 8 -13 -20 -23 -24 -25 -15 -32 -35 -25 -26 -20 7 -5 -23 -17 -7 -13 -27 -24 -27 -41 -33 -1 -24 -29 -49 -57 -29 -35 -7 -28 -35 -7 -24 -14 -6 -13 8.3 8.6 3.9 6.7 8.0 9.9 7.4 5.6 9.3 7.3 8.2 11.8 8.3 4.7 9.3 17. TO. 2 11.8 8.4 6.1 12.2 7.3 10.4 9.3 9.6 7.7 13.8 10.1 7.2 11.7 11.3 13.1 11.4 11.1 11.5 7.6 9.1 11.3 8.7 10.9 9.0 9.9 9.5 6.0 10.6 7.9 17.7 13.3 7.3 N N E SW E NW N NE S SE N NW NE NW NW E SE SW NW" S s NW NW N NW SW N SE W NW NW W W SW NW SW NW SE NW SE W SW N W SE NE NW NW S. W NW NE TABLE 12. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMPILED FROM U. S. WEATHER BUREAU RECORDS. (Continued) Col. A Col. B Col. C Col. D Col. E Col. F State City Average Temp., Oct. 1st- May 1st Lowest Tempera ture WAvinedraVgee,l oJMacniitl.yeH. srDF.peeebc'!rr..*;,. Direction of Prevailing Wind,. Dec., Jan., Feb. N. C............... Raleigh........................... 49.7 -2 7.3 SW Wilmington........................... 53.1 5 8.9 SW N. D....... ....... Bismark... .............. :...... 24.5 -45 NW Devil's Lake. ............................... 18.9 -44 11.4 W Cleveland........................ 36.9 -17 14.5 SW Columbus........................ 39.9 -20 9.3 SW Okla............... 48.0 -17 12.0 N Baker. ...................... Portland 34.1 45.9 -20 -2 6.0 SE 6.5 S ! Pa._................ Philadelphia.......................... Pittsburgh. ......................... 41.9 40.8 -6 -20 11.0 13.7 NW NW R. I................ Providence...................... 37.6 -9 14.6 NW S. C................ Charleston. .................................. 56.9 7 11.0 N Columbia....... ..-.............. 53.7 -2 8.0 NE S. D................ Huron.............................. 28.1 -43 11.5 NW Rapid City............................... 32.3 -34 7.5 W Tenn... _ ...... Knoxville....... ............ 47.0 -16 6.5 SW Memphis............... .......... 50.9 -9 9.6 NW Texas............. El Paso............................ 53.0 -2 10.5 NW Fort Worth..................... 54.7 -8 11.0 NW San Antonio.................... Utah... .......... Modena............................ 60.7 38.1 4 -24 812 N . 8.9 W- 40.0 -20 4.9 SE Vt._................. Va................... Norfolk 29.3 49.1 -27 2 12.9 9.0 S N Lynchburg.................... . 45.2 -7 5.2 NW Richmond........................ Wash.............. Seattle.............................. 47.4 -3 7.4 S 45.3 3 9.1 SE Spokane. .......................... 37.5 -30 SW W. Va............ Elkins........................ 38.8 -21 4.8 W Parkersburg.................... Wis................. 41.9 28.6 -27 -36 6.6 12.8 S SW LaCrosse.......................... 31.2 -43 5.6 NW Milwaukee...................... Wyo................ 33.0 31.0 -25 -45 11.7 5.3 W NW Lander.............................. 1 28.9 -36 3.0 NE ROOM TEMPERATURES USUALLY SPECIFIED In the accompanying Table 13 are the inside temperatures ordinarily specified for the many kinds of rooms, build.ings,. shops, factories and it will be noted that they vary in accordance with the service for which they are intended. -It is obvious that a Turkish bath room requires a higher tehiperature than a gymnasium or machine shop. In providing 12 . 13 ; AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGUIDEJ923 these temperatures the engineer must necessarily know the conditions and solve the problem accordingly. TABLE 13. INSIDE TEMPERATURES USUALLY SPECIFIED Deg. Temp. Warm Air Baths.....-................... 120 Steam Baths......................... :....... 110 Hospital Operating Room...-...... 85 Bath Rooms--................................... 85 Paint Shops..............--.................. 80 Hospitals--......... -........................ 72 to 75 Public Buildings........... ............... 68 to 72 Residences....................................... 70 Schools............................................... 70 Deg. Temp. Factories........................................ 65 Stores......-...................................... 65 Gymnasium..............-................... 65 to 60 Machine Shops........................ 60 to 65 Foundries, Boiler Shops, etc...... 50 to 60 Unheated spaces such as-cellars, vesti bules, attics, etc., are usually taken at 35 deg. fahr. ; 14 $ STEAM HEATING CALCULATING RADIATION RADIATION can be classified as direct, semi-direct, and indirect, and is usually made of pipe or cast iron; when it is made of pipe it is termed pipe coil, and when made of cast iron it is termed column, wall, semi-indirect, or indirect radiation. The unit of measure in figuring radiation is the square foo%t of heating surface, which is the external surface. The amount of heat a square foot of heating surface (radiation) will give off depends upon the temperature of the heating medium (steam, or hot water), the temperature of the surrounding air, and the velocity at which the air passes over same. Tables 14to 21 on succeeding pages indicate the number of B.t.u. a given size column or wall radiator will transmit in 1 hr. with steam as the heating medium. The ordinary practice in calculating the amount of radiation of various kinds to meet a variety of conditions will be briefly stated. . To determine the amount of direct radiation- to heat a room, figure all of the heat losses, adding the proper amount for exposure, and refer to Table 22 to find the proper size radiator. X To determine the amount of semi-indirect (sometimes termed directindirect), radiation to heat a room, figure all the heat losses, adding the proper amount for exposure and add 40 per cent then divide by 240. Example.--The heat losses including allowance for exposure for a given size room is 17,200 B.t.u. +40 per cent or 24,080 B.t.u. by 240 = 100 sq. ft. of semi-indirect radiation to heat the room. To determine the amount of indirect radiation required to heat a room, figure all the heat losses, making allowance for exposure, and add 80 per cent, then divide by 240. . Example.--The heat losses including allowance for exposure for a given size room is 17,200 B.t.u.+80 per cent for 30,860 B.t.u., -7-by 240 = 129 sq. ft. of indirect radiation to heat the room. For rooms over 12 ft. in height and not over 20 ft. high, figure as above and then add 2 per cent for each additional foot of height over 12 ft. For rooms over 20 ft. in height, figure as above and add 25 per cent . for total height. If the rooms are to be heAted in the day time only, figure as before, making proper allowance for heights of rooms, and add 10 per cent to the radiation. ' If the building -is,.to be heated intermittently, at long intervals of unheated periods add 25 per cent to the radiation. 15 -/ I VENTHATIN6ENGINEERSeDD)ll923) Table 17 conforms very closely to ratings for direct radiation as given by the large radiator manufacturers. Pipe coils should be of the header type, with provision made for ex pansion by a mitre piece. The steam supply should be at the mitre end and all coils should be securely anchored at the return header so as to throw the expansion toward the mitre end. The coils should be made of \]/i or 134 in. pipe and not over 60 ft. in length, not including the mitre, which should be at least one-tenth the length of the coil. SELECTION OF RADIATION '. It is usually necessary to select the type and location of radiation to conform to the conditions and space available in the room. In general it is usually most convenient and practical to locate the radiation on the exposed side of the room. The size of the radiator to take care of any particular heat loss can be best selected from the sheets compiled by the Society's Research Laboratory in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, which are based on experiments by the late Director, John R. Allen and F. B. Rowley. As the heat emitted per square foot of radiation varies in radiators of different heights, widths and lengths, and also with the steam pressure and the temperatuire of the room, errors will occur if the same factor is used for all radiators. Examples for the Use of Tables.--Assume the heat loss from a room 15 x 15 x 10 ft. having two 3x6 ft. windows, walls of clapboard, paper, sheathing, lathed and plastered, two sides exposed and attic space above ceiling unheated, to be 15,497 B.t.u. per hr., to heat the room to 70 deg. fahr. Two-column 38-in. radiators have been selected using steam at 1-lb. gage or approximately 215 deg. fahr. . Solution.--In Table 15 for two-column radiators, under 38 in., it will be found that a 17-section radiator will emit 15,960 B.t.u. There fore a 17-section two-column 38-in. radiator will be required with a rated surface of 68 sq. ft. If in the same example steam at 5-lb. pressure or approximately 227 deg. fahr. was used and the room was heated to only 60 deg. fahr. re quiring 13,300 B.t.u. and three-column 26-in. radiators are selected the radiation would be estimated as follows: Solution.---In Table 21 following down the first column to 5-lb. gage pressure and then following over horizontally to 60 deg. fahr. room temperature the conversion factor 0,864 will be found. The heat loss 13,300X0,864 (the equivalent heat loss) = 11,480 B.t.u. In Table 16 for three-column radiators under the heading 26 in. it will be found that a 13-section radiator will supply 11,242 B.t.u., under standard conditions which is the closest to the amount required. Therefore a 13-section three-column 26-in. radiator will be' required. .. . 16 17- ' Research Laboratory Standard Data! American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Result of Coojwatite Work With U. 8. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station,.- Pittsburgh, Pa. Copyright 1921 3 .d o *i w o--< rnr inn. n q nco vo CoOs -cn v'Of oOo' N N W 00 'O VO N N oo 88 8 8 S 8 Room Temperature at 70 deg. fahr. T A B L E 16. H E A T E M IT T E D BY D IR E C T R A D IA T IO N --T H R E E -C O LU M N R A D IA T O R S N t VO Oi > --eo n oo< cO3 CNN| O' VO CM Q\Htt __ tN m hChO MN* <--0I 0^0 N - O O' oo in cm oo m cm M* m m no in. NM 0Q0 VOOO NVO i K CO O' O' ' fO VO O' N io 8 N lO N Q IfOn. ^On O- 00 1 Nn 188. !mCM in in. - . . - O' K m \o in. in. oo m oo CM m O' -- M- VO m JN 5 Ov O -- CM O -- <o "t n SS8! 3 m m in cm O in. to c4 'O O <T) In M (M n n n mCM --M:' om Om O rN in cm m-M** O-OO- mCM* VmO in in cm Q s ' n" in VO IN. |N 3 in m m tT OU H ^Nnv iC-nM c--o fi-OMn; Q rj- O--<' Soo in. o CM CMO'In.tJ- co co cm cm - cm n t vn m in O in M1 Ov co od cm -- CM iO\ cm --iniOo mo 'OO co co rf m- mOTfi OmM-mCmO oCO \o mI\<o CMiVnOO--^iinnO In. In. 00 CO OV 3 ^JS o **. u HO g. 0oa3o mm0Cm(Hc^0o N0mN\ooo in m o oo in c-ON'fOfO mm N co O' o - co in. in co Itnj-. nCO >i0n0 .-'-o^h o k CM CO M" in vo S' t> *3 a o' 1 8 83:8 8 8 Steam Temperature at 215 deg. fahr. 3 '3-'a o*i u g. ntC'JnO'^Qt'vN'tOmwN O--' n T VO Qv -- <o CO C\ CM co CoM CM n -CO mtT COO' vp oO co m Y VO N 00 O' 38 . m |n. . . co m* in r CM CM CM CM u 3 S o' ^ ^r m R8'8Sa -H n w 't in 'ONOOO'O -- CM co rf in 'o h 2 2 S 18 19 20 21 T A B L E 19. H E A T E M IT T E D BY D IR E C T R A D IA T IO N --W A L L R A D IA T O R S Research Laboratory Standard Data American Society of Heatinc and Ventilating Encineers Besult uf Cooperative Work With U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, Pittsburab, Pa. Copyright 1921 ____________________________ 5 9.JS to-M *a -0-0 0o0 Nu0o0 0roo0 SOOOi VO ^ no t> VO O ' a, ! S--. COO V--O' C--Ni VO CSj CO S2 O' ,t 9 s ^ CO O >-i ^ CM N N eg eg eg Jo s8' 1* 2^ ' o8 00 Sn O' S Room Temperature at 70 deg. fahr. Steam Temperature at 215 deg. fahr. . o Ya,. OhO N (N N N Q (N !$S8S on^^o M rf VO OO S _ N <M CN N.ON' f0O0 0_0 tTVO CO O MN (N oo vtf- ov M CO eg e-s. vO -* vRo vo StO 8CO S^ (I rt*** f-t<*4 *3* On' w* w-m eg to 5 ^C Hmg. 8 SOt tNs ^K tVsO Q tJ-O'ON 00 fO ^ VO 1 eg vo vo to vo a pi s * N rO 0 VQ ts 00 O' O *-< eg ro -'f vn VQ fs CO Q| ^ 22 T A B L E 20. H E A T E M IT T E D BY D IR E C T R A D IA T IO N -- W IN D O W R A D IA T O R S Steam Temperature at 215 deg. fahr. Room Temperature at 70 deg. fahr. Research Laboratory Standard Data . American Society of Heating and Ventilatinc Engineers Result of Cooperative Work With U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, Pittsburgh. Pa. ' Copyright 1921 .. . .. Total B.t.u., per hr. 1082 1762 2441 3119 3798 7871 8550 9227 9908 10589 KvrVsrf. ^ivvoOo CivvoOOo Vi\o--oO ntOWTn ?O8ov Sov_o 8e*_-g4:vveeoogg O---o-'t e 3rot**pi 9 vo vo ov eg *o OOegr TegfNeg Ovo <voo voo Oton evgrv-ot s&i^; Total 3.t.u. icr hr. 5450 6274 7098 7921 8745 Rated Surface sq. ft 3.75' 7.50 11.25 15.00 18.75 22.50 26.25 30.00 33.75 : 37.50 <V--eOog< vev--ogo1 roeO>gv' q0v*oo0 veVOog d VO OIvoso*\WOvOoN Neh--g ocCeO3oevo5oot r_o O-v-HOo- VV(cOOOo O--VO O0V0O00n veog o viso* vOo veog --v^o ogo* IeOg'vIOo* <v i. vOo veog Oo 6987 8043 9098 10152 11210. Total B.t.u. per hr. Noc*--o* N*ve--og<v'0--Oo0< Ore>Og. OvovooV" d oeg tNeeoOgg OvCooN0tc^so0 tCsvoOor vOoon xt^ ioOoov v\toon Ois-< teoss. 22SSS vo o^ v^o eOg evgo OO tvoo O^ vNoT lOO vVOo VOO NvOo lOs*tsv*o, 08C 88S8 Rated Ssurq.f fatce No: of Sections *- eg vo ^ vo VO r>. 00 On O - eg vo -'T vo vg ONOOOj^ 2a ' T A B L E 21. H EAT. E M IT T E D B Y D IR E C T R A D IA T IO N --C O N V E R S IO N FAC TO R S These conversion factors m ultiplied by the heat loss from any radiator, operating under the indicated conditions, give the heat loss by the same radiator operating at 215 deg. fahr. in a room at 70 deg. fahr. Research Laboratory Standard Data American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Result of Cooperative Work Witb U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station. Pittsburgh, Pa. Copyright 1921 __ to . eg eg m co *-- On S'3 - HH6 TO0oj0n- IOoono n0oo0 NcCooOO eCegOg nQOoO oKo ncInoo OOO S3 NO NO ^ P) NO N 00 Tt- r> co On Ov ^ 00 S oS 00 R *""* dodo 3 8 c S3 eg eg co 55 2:8 --1 ^ s X _ -- --, PSl N On On ' OOn OOn OOn ^O 8 TO S3 O0 *o 3 fo to . f-s TfO ^O N-- IS tNnO0(\t.-NoH>) C-0O a- QoO nOON NOvn 5OOnin ^O oooo to VfsS.I-Sa. CCOO CCOl' (OA eg co in. eg 38S: afOr-tJiOoONnOON mOTn \COOoOn nOfO-ni On0O0 O VOn0) O Mo J.: C0O*2 00 CO ON eg -- 00 On co v fn (N cU dEO'S S3*2 coo ono eos et nOo5wONn --< --< O n n in On On Sn 00 OOOO Is Q in O 888 3 V , 3 in Q\ L--O. cCoO eNOg JJ fri Tf NO N Ol h V 3 CL -iv3? V N o eg oo no 3d eg N OO OO Ol NO CO 00 On NO NO N 00 eg eg eg rH (M n V co NO 00 O j ameeicm societyof hmting & YENTILAIIN6ENGINEERS 6MDi823; RADIATION REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS ROOM TEMPERATURES The following table from The Establishment of Standard Methods of Proportioning Direct Radiation, by James A. Donnelly (Transactions, Vol. 21, p. 535) gives the proportionate heat losses from buildings, the proportionate transmission from direct radiators, and the propor tionate radiation required (with steam at 210 deg.) for various room temperatures, when the outside temperature is zero: TABLE 22. EFFECT OF ROOM TEMPERATURE ON HEAT LOSS AND SIZE OF RADIATOR Room . Temperature Proportionate Loss IN B.t.u. Difference in Temperature Between Radia tor and Room Proportionate Transmission in B.t.u. Room Temperature Proportionate Surface Required Sq. Ft. 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70f 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 ' 0.50 0.57 0.64 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.93. l.OOf 1:07 1.14 1.21 1.29 1.36 1.43 1.50 1.57 1.64 1.71 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140f 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.05 l.OOf 0.95 0.91 0.87 . 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.58 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70f 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120. 0.37 0.44 0.52 0.60 0.69 0.78 0.89 l.OOf 1.12 1.26 1.40 1.56 1.74 1.93 2.15 2.39 2.66 2.95 . fStandard Conditions. Assuming that. the rate of heat loss from a building varies directly with the difference be tween the outside temperature and the building temperature, and considering the heat loss for zero outside, 70 deg. inside, as the standard, or 100 per cent; the second column shows the proportionate loss of heat from a building when the outside temperature is zero, and the inside temperature is.as given in the first column. Assuming that the rate of transmission from a direct radi ator to the air of a building is in proportion to their difference in temperature, with a variation in the rate of transmission of 2 per cent, greater or less, for each 10 deg. increase or decrease in their temperature difference, and considering 140 deg. differ ence in temperature (steam 210 deg., building 70 deg.) as standard, or 100 per cent trans mission, the second column shows the proportionate trans mission when the .difference in temperature is as given in the first column. Assuming that under stand ard conditions of outside tem perature zero, building tempera ture 70 deg., and radiator tem perature 210 deg. (or 140 deg. difference between the radiator and room) the amount of radia tion necessary is 100 per cent, the proportionate amounts of radiation given in the second column are those -necessary to heat a building to the tempera tures given in the first column, when the outside temperature is zero. . the building by the amount of heat transmitted per square foot of radiation. Therefore, as may be seen irorn the above tables, the proportionate amount of surface required for heating is obtained by dividing eachP(3sertl0nate *oss "om the building by the porpftrtion^te transmission of the radiator, in The preceding table may be used to find the proportionate amount of radiation necessary to heat a room to any desired inside temperature, other than 70 deg., when the outside minimum temperature is other than zero, and-with a radiator temperature other than standard. Find the 25 ; AMERICAN SOOETTOE HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GDIDE19Z3 difference between the outside temperature and the room.temperature in the first column; divide the proportionate heat loss opposite this amount, in the second column, by the proportionate transmission opposite the difference in temperature between the radiator and the room, as given in the fourth column, and the result will be the proportionate amount of radiation required. Example.--What is the proportionate amount of radiation required to heat a room to 90 deg., with a temperature of 20 deg. below zero outside, and a steam temperature of 240 deg. - Solution.--The difference in temperature between 20 deg. below outside, and 90 deg. inside, is 110 deg. Opposite 110, the pro portionate heat loss or 1.57 is found in the second column. The difference in temperature between the radiator and the room (steam 240 deg., room 90 deg.) is 150 deg. Opposite this, the proportionate transmission 1.09 is found in the fourth column. Divide 1.57 by 1.09 and the quotient, 1.44 is the proportionate amount of radiation required. ; The late John R. Allen, while Director of the Society 's Research Laboratory, submitted a paper as a report (A. S. H. V. F.. Journal, January, 1920), which in addition to the treatise on the heat emitted by various types of radiation, from which the preceding tables were calcu lated gives other data from which the following is taken. EFFECT OF HUMIDITY Fig. 3 shows the effect of increasing the humidity upon the heat transmission. It will be noted that with extreme change of humidity there is a slight change in the heat transmission, the heat transmission reducing slightly as the humidity increases. Humidity can have very little, if any effect upon radiation, and the effect of humidity must there-, fore change the convected heat lost by the radiator. This change of convected heat is probably due to the change in the density of the air passing over the radiator. EFFECT OF AIR CIRCULATION The amount of heat given off by a radiator may also be increased by increasing the velocity of the air over the surface of the radiator. This increase in velocity will increase the amount of heat carried off by con vection. No exact data are available on the effects that may be intro duced by increasing these velocities over radiator surfaces, but in rooms with moving machinery the heat transmission is increased approximately 10 per cent. - EFFECT OF PAINTING The effect of painting was originally determined by experiments made with a cast iron rectangle, and in applying these to radiators of standard; type, corrections must be made to allow for the difference between; the; 26 AMERICAN SOaEirOF HEATING & YENTIiATIN6EN6INEERS6CH)E192^g> area of the radiating and converting surfaces. The effect of painting is to change the radiation constant of the radiating surface and has prac tically no effect upon the heat lost by convection. It is, therefore, a sur face effect and it makes no difference what paints are placed on the radi ator as a priming coat, the results are always dependent upon the last coat of paint put upon the radiator. In radiators having a large proportion of radiating surface such as pipe coils or wall coils, the effect of painting will be more marked than in four-column radiators having a compara tively small radiating surface in proportion to converting surface. All uueiy ground materials have about the same radiation constant. There fore all paints having finely ground pigments will give about the same effect. Metals have a poor radiating effect so that any paint involving flake metal, such as the bronze, will have a low radiating constant. The following Table 23 shows the heat loss from a two-column 38-in. radiator, 10 sections long, when painted with different kinds of paints: TABLE 23. EFFECT OF PAINTING ON TWO-COLUMN 38-IN. RADIATOR. STEAM TEM PERATURE 215 DEG. ROOM TEMPERATURE 70 DEG. FAHR. ' Condition of Surface PerCent Condition of Surface Per'Cent Cast iron bare....................................... 240 Painted with white enamel................ 242 Paintedj --w:it*-hL a-1lum- i*num 'bronze___ 200 " " maroon Japan.,............ 240 11 gold bronze... 205 " " white zinc paint....-..... 242 Painted with no-lustre green enamel 230 It is often very important to know the maximum condensation that occurs in a radiator when steam is turned on_ Fig. 4 shows the condensa tion rate in pounds per hour for the time elapsing alter steam is turned into the radiator. It will be noticed that the maximum condensation occurs 10 min. after steam is turned on, and in that case it amounts to 27 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTI1ATIN6EN6INEERS GMDEJKSE about three and one-half times normal condensation. After, the end. of 25 min., the radiator had reached a normal rate of condensation. This curve was made from observations at intervals of 10 min. so that the intermediate points between the 10. min. points are not known, and the. form of the curve is not exact. It shows, however, that in starting a plant, the demand made upon the boiler may be very much higher than the normal demand. ., aSrICANSOCIETYOF HEATING YENTUAIIN6 ENGINEERSGIMJ923V Case No. 2.--It is sometimes desirable to place a screen in front of the radiator, leaving the top entirely open with an opening at the bottom in front for the cold air to enter the radiator, as in Fig. 6. In a case of this kind the effect of the screen is to produce a strong current of air and if this screen is high enough it may even produce a chimney effect which will increase heat transmission from the radiator due to increased circulation. The effect of such screens depends entirely upon their height. Professor Brabbee states that, with a screen 72 in. high and a 49-in. . radiator, the heat transmission will be increased 12 per cent. Time elapsing after Steam ts turned mtp Radiator (in Mirtu+es) Fig. 4. Chart Shows Demand Upon Boiler for Heating-Up Plant EFFECT OF ENCLOSING THE RADIATOR It is very often desirable to partly enclose or conceal a radiator by means of screens or grills. All such enclosures in general reduce the heat transmission from the radiator, the effect being both to reduce the radiant heat and the converted heat. As in most radiators, the converted heat is at least two-thirds of the heat transmission, these enclosures or screens largely affect the convected heat. It is therefore very desirable that the current of air passing over and through the radiator should be restricted as little as possible. There has been some experimental work done, particularly abroad, with reference to these screens. There are, however, so many different cases that may arise that it will not be possible to discuss all of them but only to take up typical ones. , .. Case No. 1.--In this case, Fig. 5, the radiator is enclosed in a'box with a screen in front and at the bottom, and a screen at the top; these screens extending the full length of the radiator. This arrangement reduces the heat transmission of the radiator from 7 to 10 per cent and in all cases, the spaces between the radiator and the wall and the spaces between the casing and the "radiator should be at least 2)^ in. The reduction of ' heat transmission will be more in narrow radiators than in wide radiators Experiments show that the best results are obtained when; the.opening at the top has twice the width, of the opening at the bottom,r;and/for radiators of ordinary type the width of opening at the bottom should be 5 in. and the opening at the top, 10 in. ` L 28 Different Arrangements of Radiators Case No. 8.--Radiators often have placed over them a flat shelf, as shown in Fig. 7. In such case, they should be provided with a deflector as shown. The effect of the shelf very largely depends upon the height of the shelf above the radiator. When the distance D--that is the height of the shelf above the radiator--is 5 in. or Over, the effect of the shelf may be neglected. When the distance D is reduced to 4 in., the heat effect may be reduced by 4 per cent. 29 YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSGiUff Case No: 4----Radiators are often enclosed in boxes with a grill in front or recessed in the wall with a grill placed in front of them as in Fig. 8. In such cases, the height, D, is very important. With D equal to 2*^2 in., the heat transmission will be reduced 20 per cent, and with D equal to 6 in., the heat transmission is reduced 10 per cent. It is assumed in this case that the entire front of the box is provided with an open grill. Case No. 5.--Sometimes a grill, as shown in Case 4, is partly replaced by a solid panel with openings above and below as in Fig. 9. With the openings the full length of the radiator and 6 in. in height and with D not less than 4 in., the heat transmission will be reduced 25 per cent. As D is reduced in height, the heat transmission will also be reduced and with D, 2*^ in., the reduction will be 40 per cent. Case No. 6.--Radiators are often placed under seats as in Fig. 10. In this case the distance between the top of the radiator and the bottom of the seat becomes very important and should be not less than 3 in. and if possible it should be made 6 in. Under favorable conditions, when D is at least 3 in. and A is equal to 6 in., the heat transmission will be reduced from 15 to 20 per cent. When D is small, however, say 2 in., and A is reduced to 4 in., this reduction may be 35 or 40 per cent. In tests1 by Prof. K. Brabbee will be found other cases than those cited above. . EFFECT OF POSITION The effect of position on the heat transmission of a radiator is a subject that has been investigated only to a very limited extent. The experiments that are available show that the heat loss from a radiator is about the same whether it is placed at the floor, at the ceiling, or in the center of the room! It seems to make very little difference whether it is placed close to the wall or in the middle of the room. Placing a radiator close to an outside wall heats the wall immediately behind the radiator and if no insulation is placed behind the radiator this may represent a loss of from 3 to 5 per cent. 1 Reported by George Stumpf, Jr., in Heating and Ventilating Magazine, May 1914, p. 23. tV PIPE SIZES FOR STEAM HEATING HERE are two broad divisions that may be very definitely made in T the subject of steam main sizes. The first covers the distribution of the steam, and the second its use. The conveyance of steam for any considerable distance is a problem by itself, needing separate analysis and altogether different handling than any of the problems concerning the use of the steam after it has arrived at the building to be heated. Steam flow tables should be used for distribution, and tables giving the capacities of steam mains and branches, radiator connections, etc., under standard-or average conditions of use should be applied for sizing the pipes within the buildings. . The velocities of flow used in the distribution of steam are only limited by the available or allowable drop in pressure, while the velocities within the buildings where the steam is used are limited by the critical velocities or the velocities which will allow of sufficient separation of the condensa tion so that defective' circulation or water hammer will not occur. During periods qf,maximum load on distributing mains, the velocity of flow is often so far'above the critical velocity that little, if any, condensa tion is withdrawn by the drips. At the ends of the runs and especially where the pipe sizes are smaller, the velocities used should be well below the critical velocity so that the condensate is completely withdrawn and not carried into the branch supply mains within the buildings. There is no formula of flow available for estimating the friction drop of mixtures of steam and condensation or water primed from the boiler. Excessive moisture in the steam, or boiler priming, may so increase the drop in pressure that an entire failure in operation may result. It is, therefore, good practice to provide hand hole or equivalent cleaning means at the bottom of all boilers and a permanent surface blow for boiling off, so that clean water and dry steam may be always maintained.. It is quite probable that field research where boilers are priming would show a surprisingly high friction drop in the steam main, ': j Steam mains should not be dripped on the main trunk lines, and the riser connections and laterals pitched back to the mains. Much better results are obtained by dripping the mains to take care of their condensa tion, and then pitching the riser connections and laterals to first floor radiators away from the main, and providing additional drips to take care of their condensation separately. In a carefully designed plant, no branch or lateral larger than the supply to a single radiator should be pitched back against the flow of steam, and if it is not certain that the velocity is below the critical limit, the pipe should be. provided with a separate drip. '_ The following tables for the carrying capacities of pipes as used in steam heating installations with the exception of dry xeturns iiave been de- . ' 31 YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS CM)E,S23] termined by Unwin's formula for the flow of steam in pipes which reads as follows: , where . W=Weight of steam flowing through the pipe in lb. per min. P = Difference of pressure between the two ends of the pipe. C = Density of steam in lb. per cu. ft. d = Actual inside diameter of pipe. L = Length of pipe in feet. This formula with the capacity expressed in sq. ft. of radiation on the basis of each sq. ft. of radiation with connected piping condensing 0.3 lb. of steam per hour will be as follows: . ' R = 17,400 -4/--P'C d------where R = Sq. ft. of radiation. Ml (d + 3.6) Capacities of dry returns have been calculated by the Chezy formula for flow in open conduits which is expressed in the form - Q=a c r s where Q = Discharge in cu. ft. per sec. . o=Wet area of pipe in sq. ft. r -- Hydraulic mean depth (areas of wet cross-section divided by the wet- perimeter.) c= Constant from Kutter's formula. r=Slope or grade. In the tables for one-pipe, two-pipe and vapor systems without the use of thermostatic traps the tables have been calculated on the basis of the water occupying one-eighth the area of the pipe while for vapor systems using thermostatic traps the capacity is based on water occupying three-sixteenth the area. All supply mains, branches to riser, when dripped, where steam and condensation flow in the same direction, and supply risers, (with the exception of up feed one-pipe risers) are based on a pressure drop of 1 oz. per 100 ft. length of pipe or equivalent. All supply mains, branches to risers, not dripped where condensation and steam are flowing in opposite directions and up-feed one-pipe risers are based on a velocity of 16 ft. per second. Branches to radiators 5 ft. in length or less are based on velocities from 10 to 19 ft. per second depending on the size of branch while branches to radiators 5 to 10 ft: in length are based on a velocity of approximately 10 ft. per second. Wet returns are-calculated on a drop of x/i oz. per 100-ft. length of pipe or equivalent.: ~ 32 [ AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATINfi ENGINEERS 6DIDEJ923 Radiator valve sizes for one and two-pipe gravity systems are based on standard practice. An allowance must be made for ells and fittings in the line of flow by adding the number of,feet given in Table 24 to the straight run of pipe plus 25 ft. for entrance to last radiator to obtain the total equivalent length. TABLE 24. FLOW OF STEAM IN PIPES P = Loss in pressure in lb. d = Inside diameter of pipe in inches L = Length of pipe in feet D= Weight of 1 cu. ft. steam W=Lb. of steam per min. ( 3Jj\ W2 L P .000131 1 + d ) D d* Press Loss in Oz. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 - 12 14 16 20 24 28 32 40 48 80 160 320 480 Col. 1 87.5 Mf 100 2.175 3.076 3.767 4.350 4.863 5.328 5.754 6.152 6.878 7.532 8.138 8:700 9.727 10.655 11.509 12.290 13.756 15.069 19.454 27.512 38.863 47.652 Inside Dia. Pips Col. 2 V1+ 1 1J4 . 1H m2 3 4m 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 0.522 1.177 1.828 3.709 6.109 11.183 16.705 23.630 32.098 43.719 69.718 105.35 150.33 205.37 271.16 437.51 733.90 925.19 -- ......... Steam Press By Gage Col. 3 V . 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.3 5.3 10.3 15.3 20.3 30.3 40.3 50.3 60.3 . 75.3 100.3 125.3 150.3 175.3 200.3 0.193 0.195 0.201 0.207 0.223 0.248 0.270 0.290 0.326 0.358 0.388 0.415 0.452 0.507 0.557 0.603 0.645 0.648 -- --- Length Pipe in Feet Col 4 / 100 v-- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1400 - 2.240 1.580 1.290 1.120 1.000 0.912 0.841 0.793 0.741 0.710 0.632 0.578. 0.538 0.500 ,0.477 0.447 0.407' 0.378 0.354 0.333 0.316 0.267 Column lX2X<TX4 = lb. steam per hr. will flow through a straight pipe for a given condition. . __ Example.--1 oz. drop --2-in pipe --1.3 lb. press. -- 100It. long--2.175 X 3.709 X0.201 X 1 = 1.615 lb. per min., then 1.615 X 60 -- 20 per cent = 77.28 lb. per hr. Above table does not allow for entrained water in low-pressure steam, condensation in covered pipe and roughness in commercial pipe, therefore reduce calculated capacities approximately 20 per cent. 33 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GUIDES23J YENTILATIN6ENGINEERSGDID1023 SELECTING THE PROPER PIPE SIZES Example.--A 4-in. pipe measures 160 ft. and contains one gate valve, and 6 elbows. Then from Table 25 find: The steam pressure at the boiler and the allowable loss in pressure in a low-pressure gravity return heating system control the sizing of the 1-4" Gate Valve.......!........................................................ .......... = 5'-0" 6-4" Elbows........ ............. ................................... .......... = 6X14= 84'-0" piping. The allowable drop in pressure is determined by the available height between the water line of the boiler and where the piping is run, Length to be Added......... ................................... .......... !.............= 89'-0" Measured Length.................................. ........................................= 160'-0" together with the type of boiler and kind of fuel used. In good practice a total pressure drop of not over 2 oz., between the boiler and the farthest radiator, is generally used. Pipe sizing tables are usually given in capacities of square feet of direct radiation based on a rate of condensation of 34 lb. per sq. ft. per hr. Pipe should be graded as least as follows: Equivalent Length ...................... .............. ........................ =249'-0" Table 24, under Column 4, gives factors for changing amounts of radi ation as given in Table 26 for other lengths than 100 ft. Example.--The above example gave an equivalent length of 249 ft. for 4-in. pipe. To find how many square feet of direct radiation this pipe will supply for any given pressure drop, take square feet of radiation Supply Mains........................................ Wet Return Mains................................ Inches 1 1 Feet 20 20 given in Table 26 for 4-in. pipe 100 ft. run and multiply by factor given in Column 4 Table 24. Factor for 250 ft. run as taken from Column 4 Table 24 = 0.632. Dry Return Mains.......................... 1 Horizontal Branches...................................................................... 1 20 5 Amount of radiation a 4-in. pipe will supply with 2-oz. pressure drop with an initial pressure of at least 4 oz. if 100 ft. long as taken from Except in rare cases, supply mains should not be made less than .2 in. in size and a supply main starting over 2J^in. in size should not end less than 2}/2 in. Pipes of less size than the following should not be used; Table 26 = 2,866 sq. ft., then, 2,866 X0.632 = 1,811 sq. ft. a 4-in. pipe will supply , if it has an equivalent length of 259 ft. Valves and fittings of similar sizes of different manufacturers vary in the resistance they offer to the flow of steam or water. In estimating lengths of pipes it is necessary to include the resistance offered by the . Inches Dry Return Mains............................................................................... 1 Wet Return Mains.......................................... .................... --............. 1J4 - I various fittings. ' The following Table 25 gives this in units of length, in feet, to be added to the measured length of pipe for a given kind of fitting. Supply Risers.............. . -..................-....... ............................--....... 1 Return Risers................. .............-.............................................. % TABLE 25. LENGTH IN FEET OF PIPE TO BE ADDED TO ACTUAL LENGTH OF RUN The end of all supply mains where dripped into wet mains should be vented through proper size air valves. The lowest point in a steam main should always be at least 18 in. above the water line of the boiler and more if possible. The lowest point in a dry return main should always be at least 24 in. above the water line of the boiler and more if possible. . ' -In residences, small apartments and smaller buildings where the firing of the boiler is intermittent, frequently extending over a period of 6 to 10 hr., the pressure at the boiler will vary and a pressure drop of over 2 oz. should not be considered in designing the piping. In large apart ments, public buildings and smaller buildings, where the boiler is fired as often as necessary and pressure is maintained constantly, greater pres sure drops than 2 oz. can be used in designing the piping. Capacities given in Table 24 are based on an initial pressure of at least twice, the pressure'drop, and for a straight run of pipe 100 ft. long and no allowance is made for friction due to valves, elbows and tees. Table 25 gives the number of feet to be added, for varioite kinds of valves and fittings, to the measured length. ' Size of Pipe St'd. Elbow Side Outlet Tee Gate Valve Globe Valve Angle Valve Length in Peet to be Added in Run 2" 2J4" 3" 314" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" 14" 5 16 2 18 7 20 3 25 10 26 3 33 12 31 ... 4 39 14 35 5 45 18 44 7 57 22 50 9 70 26 55 10 82 31 63 12 94 35 69 13 105 39 76 15 118 47 90 18 140 53 105 20 160 9 12 16 19 22 28 32 37 42 47 52 . 63 72 Example of length in feet of pipe to be added to actual length of run. h..... NEASUSEO LENGTH. - 13?.- 0 . rS&ATiEr-.V.A..L..V.E-. Sr o' N-N'ELBOvfS. 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S&3 36 T A B L E 27. O N E -P IP E S T E A M Capacity in Sq.' Ft. of Radiation 37 AMERICAN SOOETYOF HEATING & T A B L E 28. T W O -P IP E S T E A M Capacity of Pipes in Sq. Ft. of Radiation 0 8 WH Q2g3i so A Com m ercial B Supply M ain Branch to Risers (dripped); U p-F eed R isers. Pipe Steam and w ater Sizes flow ing same direc 1 tion. C Branches to Risers Steam and w ater flow ing o p p o s ite 5 ft. in 5 ft. to direction. length 10 ft. in o r less | le n g th | 1 W et R eturn M ain F D ry R etu r n M a in s (G rade in Inches) G R adiator V a lv e s V e rtic a l or 1 inch 11 in 5 f t . 1 inch in 10 ft. 1 1 inch in 1 inch in 20 ft. , 30 ft, , Supply Re turn H A llo w a n c e in ft. of Pipe . for Ells J Globe V a lv e s NOON . -- -- co *r co o> HOCOCO^ 00 CO 00 . -*g0o'<-< ne0o ::: ::: ::; :;: ;:: OM OO00 O0Om :: r: :: :: :: :: :: -*co : r : : : : : XrXiXric*CX4coXn .. 40 75 150 300 500 900 1,500 2,000 2.800 3,600 6,000 :: : ;; : ::: :: ou)QhcOh~nO(NcO-OrO'DI'OO 24 60 100 200 :; :;n*o :: :: :: :: Steam R is e rs 800 1,800 3.000 6.000 10,000 18,000 26,000 37,000 180 420 900 1,500 3.000 4.900 9.000 140 300 650 1,000 2,100 3,500 6,400 9,800 14,000 100 80 210 170 450 370 700 . 600 1.500 1,200 2.500 1,800 , 4,500 6,800 1 9,700 , 3.700 1 5,600 8,000 D rips for R isers J D rips to R eturns j Steam Risers W et D rips to Returns j W et D ry * 0 06 C YENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS GDIDE,S23] ' lO 00 <N <Dos tZ ** c* cicoco^ X u< ::: ::: :: 38 10 x ^ cOiO-*C*ni--*0'* xxxx ^xx XX oeceo*< xx^ a xxx_ HXHXHf) r>-aoe* 9,000 13.000 23.000 37.000 . OH z 5 S E*5 'i .5S2? odW. t: OONtc :I; oo>*oo`0 c !jS?cs.OOcoONo go >.*i ^>v C g53 CV> *** <3 C **< 4) a -*5 fc i SU 3 2 o JCuG<ctOJ. ( Xt> nu uM oj<C :-!e 2c2so*'oa- ztu s JS 4cn>c CX _ s i: c n E 73.2-0 v 39 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & PIPE SIZES FOR VAPOR SYSTEMS Table 30 is computed for pressure loss of 2 oz. at the farthest radiator for length of main, allowing for average amount of elbows, tees, etc., and I l: condensation in covered piping--steam and condensation flowing same direction. Then to size a main for a gravity return vapor job using radiator return traps--measure length of piping from boiler to farthest radiator and use column for this length for sizing entire length. Example.--Measured length from boiler to farthest radiator = 295 ft., then use Column F, for sizing main for entire length. At end of main = 280 sq. ft. =233" Main 50' from end of main = 450 sq. ft. Total load to this point.-' 730 sq. ft. =3 Main Near boiler = 400 sq. ft. Total load to boiler --1,130 sq. ft. =4" Main Col. A Size of Pipe 2 m 3 333 4 433 .5 6 7 8 10 12 . TABLE 30. CAPACITY OF SUPPLY MAINS IN SQ. FT. Measured Length of Pipe in Ft. from Boiler to Farthest Radiation Col. B 100? Col. C 15O' Col. D 200* Col. E 250' Col. F 300* Col. G 40<y 325 550 1,000 1,500 2,100 2,900 3,700 5,700 8,000 11,000 20,000 30,000 260 450 810 1,215 1,700 2,350 3,000 4,600 6,480 8,900 16,200 24,300 390 710 1,065 1,500 2,060 2,600 4,047 5.680 7,810 14,200 21,300 347 632 948 1,325 1,830 2,340 3,600 5,050 6,950 12,600 18,960 310 578 860 1,200 . 1,670 2,140 3,300 4,600 6,350 11,500 17,300 275 500 750 1,050 1,450 1,850 . 2,850 4,000 5,500 10,000 15,000 For steam and condensation flowing in opposite directions use pipe one size larger than given in table. Col. A Size of Pipe i" 134" l 33" 2" . 234" 3" 334" 4" TABLE 31. CAPACITY OF DRY RETURN MAINS IN SQ. FT. Length in Ft. from Bottom of Riser to Differential Connection Col. B W Col. C iso* Col. D 200' Col. E 250' Col. F 300' Col. G 400* 320 670 1,300 . 2,300 3,800 . 7,000 10,000 15,000 300 630 1,215 2,185 3,610 6,650 9,500 14,250 . 288 600 1,170 2,070 3,420 6,300 9,000 13,500 272 570 1,100 1,955 3,200 5,950 8,500 12,750 245 535 1,045 . 1,840 3,040 5,600 8,000 . 12,000 ' 210 470 910 1,610 2,660 4,990 7,000 10,500 40 'AMERICAN SOflEHOF HEATING & YENT1LAIIN6 ENGINEERS 6DIDE,t923^ TABLE 32. CAPACITY OF WET RETURN MAINS IN SQ. FT. . Size of Pipe . 1)4' W 2" 2H' 3" 3H" Length 100' Length 200'. Length 300'. 1,500 1,200 1,000 3.000 2,500 2.000 6,000 5.000 4.000 10,000 8,000 6,000 18,000 14.000 11.000 26,000 20,000 16,000 COL. A Size of Pipe TABLE 33. CAPACITIES OF SUPPLY RISERS IN SQ, FT. Length in Ft. from Boiler to End of Riser Col. B Col. C Col. D Col. E Col. F 100' 150" 200' 250' 300' Col. G 400' . i" 40 32 28 IK" 75 60 . 53 134" 150 120 105 2" 300 240 210 . 234" 500 400 355 3" 900 730 630 Horizontal branches to risers to be one size larger than riser. 25 47 95 190 315 565 23 43 86 173 285 520 RETURN RISERS 1" Capacity in Sq. Ft................................................................................................-........................ 300 630 20 37 . 75 150 250 450 ' lii" 1,300 2,200 Vertical Inlet Pipe to Valve TABLE 34. RADIATOR CONNECTIONS Supply . Return Horizontal Runout from Vertical Inlet Pipe to Riser or Main. - ' Up to 5' Long Over 5' Long Stub to Valve Horizontal Runout to Riser or Main 14" V\" l" IK" 24 sq. ft. = 1" 70 sq. ft. = 134" 150 sq. ft. = 1J4" 200 sq. ft. =2" 16 sq. ft. = 1" 60 sq. ft. = 1K" 130 sq. ft. = 134" 175 sq. ft. =2" | 34" 34" Radiators to be water type of not over 200 sq. ft. capacity, tapped or bushed at the top for supply valve and at the bottom 14 in. eccentric turned down for return trap. Supply and return connections can be made at same or opposite ends as desired.' Ail radiators to be washed clean of core sand before making valve connections. TABLE 35. CAPACITY OF SUPPLY MAINS IN SQ. FT. Con, A Pipe 2" 234" 3" 334" 4" 434" 5" 6" 7" 8" 10" 12" Measured Length of Pipe in Ft. from Boiler or P. R. V. to Farthest Radiator. Col. B 100' . Col. C 200' Col. D 300' Col. E 400' Col. F 500' Col. G 750' Col. H 1,000' 940 1,570 2,800 4,200 6,000 8,250 11,000 17,300 25,500 36,000 65,590 94,500 667 1,115 1,988 2,982 4,260 5,857 7,810 12,280 18,100 25,560 467570 67.095 543 800 1,610 2,427 3,480 4,770 6,360 10,000 14,750 20,800 38,000 54.600 470 785 ................. 1,400 1,250 2,100 1,877 3,000 2,680 4,125,- 3,687 5,500 -4,917 8,650 7,733 12,750 ` 11,398 18,000 16,080 32,795 29,320 47.250 42,240 41 . ______ 1,090 1,638 2,340 3,215 4,290 6,745 9,945 14,040 25,580 36.850 _________ 880 1,320 1,895 27607 3,475 5,465 8,055 11,375 20,730 29,860 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HMTING & Tfigp| YENTHAIIN6EN6INIERS6MDE^> PIPE SIZES FOR VACUUM HEATING Table 35. is computed for pressure loss of 16 oz. at the farthest radiator for length of main, allowing for average amount of elbows, tees, etc., and condensation in covered piping. Steam and condensation flowing in same direction. , r' . To size a main--measure length of piping from boiler or pressure reducing valve to farthest radiator and use column for this length for sizing entire length. TABLE 36. CAPACITIES OF RETURN MAINS IN SQ. FT. Size of Pipe 1" IH" 1M" 2" 2 X" 3" 3X" Length 300' 600 1,200 3,000 8,200 15,000 28,500 40,000 800' 375 750 1,875 5,200 9,700 17,000 25,000 1,750' 600 1,300 3,750 6,700 12,000 18,000 2,500' 1,125 3,000 5,600 9,425 15,000 TABLE 37. CAPACITIES OF SUPPLY RISERS IN SQ. FT. Size of Pipe I" IX" IX" 2" 2X" 3" Length 200' 73 " 400' 52 " 600' 42 " 1,000' - 33 " 2,000' 23 160 248 500 830 1,500 114 177 357 592 1,040 92 145 290 480 845 72 112 225 374 657 51 80 160 264 463 3X" 4,750 .3,240 2.630 2,045 1,450 Horizontal branches to .risers to be one size larger than riser. TABLE 38. CAPACITIES OF RETURN RISERS IN SQ. FT. Size of Pipe H" 1" IK" Length 200' 700 1,400 3,150 " 400' 560 1,120 2,480 " 600' 420 840 1,750 " 1,000' 350 700 1,470 " 2,000' 230 460 1,050 * Length equals measured distance from vacuum pump to end of riser. ** Length equals measured distance from boiler or pressure reducing valve to end of riser. . Capacities as given in Tables 36, 37, 38, includes allowances for elbows, tees, etc. TABLE 39. RADIATOR CONNECTIONS Capacity in Sq. Ft. Radiation Size of Inlet Valve Supply Vertical Pipe to Inlet Valve Horizontal Runout to Vertical Inlet Pipe Size Trap Return. Stub to Trap Horizontal Runout to Stub 1 to 100 - A" SA" 1" 34" 34" A" 101 to 200 1" 1" 134" 34" 34" A" 201 to 300 l A" 1M" 134" A." A" A" Radiators to be water pattern tapped or bushed top and bottom opposite ends. ' Steam pattern radiators can be used when tapped of bushed eccentric opposite ends with supply bushing turned up and return bushing turned down. 42 THE BOILER FUNCTIONS OF BOILER, PIPING VALVES, AND RADIATION A STEAM heating plant consists of three major parts, the boiler, the piping and the radiation, each of which has certain functions to perform in offsetting the heat loss from the building. It is the function of the boiler to deliver at its outlet the necessary amount of dry steam to the piping system. It is the function of the piping system, including valves, to distribute this dry steam to the various radiators and to return the condensate to the boiler at the same rate as it leaves the boiler in the form of steam. It is the function of the radiators to transmit the heat contained in the steam to the various rooms to be heated. It is understood that before the piping and valves can distribute the steam, they must first eliminate the air from the system. By dry steam is meant steam con taining less than 2 per cent moisture. RATED VS! OPERATING CAPACITY OF A BOILER Commercial ratings to be reliable should be established according to the A. S. H. & V. E. Boiler Testing Code. Such commercial rating is the number of pounds of dry steam (or its equivalent, as stated, in square feet of direct radiation) that the boiler can deliver at its outlet per hour, when operating under certain specified standard code conditions, as to: Con dition of boiler, quantity of draft, kind and quality of coal burned per hour, and efficient method of firing and operation as indicated by the C02 recorder. No heating boiler can be expected to develop its rated capacity unless those standard code conditions are complied with, since the ratings are developed under those conditions. The operating capacity of a boiler may range anywhere from 20 per cent of its rated capacity to 150 per cent of its rating in modern heating boilers. To expect a boiler to de velop its rated capacity with oil in the boiler, air leaks between the sec tions or through the setting, fouled heating surface, dirty grade of coal, weak draft, and incompetent firing and operating conditions, is about on a par to expect a racing automobile to win a race with water in the oil, leaky set of tires, fouled spark plugs, poor grade of gas, improper car buretor adjustment, and a novice at the wheel. The operating capacity or efficiency of any heating boiler, high or' low pressure, depends more upon the operating conditions than upon the design of the boiler--important as proper -design may be. This point cannot be emphasized too strongly as it is one that is frequently lost sight of. . 43 ' AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 EN6INEERS fiUIDE.1923) DETERMINING BOILER CAPACITY REQUIRED FOR A PARTICULAR INSTALLATION First determine from the boiler manufacturer whether his complete line of boilers has been tested and rated according to the A. S. H. & V. E. Boiler Testing Code. Look for the evidence of such testing in his catalog as to fuel capacity, evaporative power and on the smaller boilers, length of firing period. The net amount of radiation should be increased by about 20 per cent for line losses to determine the total heating load on the boiler. The smaller the boiler, the greater the handicaps it usually must operate under, such ais poor draft, dirty coal, sooty heating surface, incompetent attention, etc. To offset those handicaps on boilers used for residence heating, a factor of safety of 50 to 100 per cent should be figured above the total load in determining boiler capacity. In larger size installations the operating conditions are more favorable where a factor of safety of 25 to 75 per cent is ample. Under standard code operating conditions any code rated boiler should be able to develop at least its full rated capacity. IMPORTANCE OF DRAFT The capacity a boiler is capable of developing depends more upon the amount of draft available than upon any other factor. Assuming that a chimney is smoke tight and well built according to the Model Chimney Ordnance mentioned, the intensity of the draft depends upon the height of the chimney, and the quantity or amount of draft depends principally upon the effective area of the chimney. According to their height, heat ing chimneys are divided into three classes, the erratic, uncertain and reliable. Chimneys less than .36 ft. high are erratic in their action. The head produced by such a low height is so small that the least unfavorable condition or interference practically puts the chimney out of commission. Chimneys between 36 ft. and 64 ft. in height are in the doubtful zone, sometimes good and sometimes bad. The head produced by this rela tively low height is frequently offset by slight unfavorable conditions that may be difficult to locate. Chimneys over 64 ft. in height are usually reliable, because as a rule the chimney is designed by an engineer and must be well built to sustain such a heavy load and the height is such as to produce considerable head or force to offset unfavorable weather con ditions, etc. Chimneys in this class produce about 0.009 in. draft per ft. of height in zero weather with 600 deg. in the stack according to the formula: where P-- draft pressure in inches of water. . H=height of chimney in feet. To * absolute temperature of outside air. Tr^absolute temperature of stack gases. 44 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS 6mDE19Z3; An approximate rule often applied to chimneys over 64 ft. high, as vregards rate of combustion is: Rate Combustion for Hard Coal = 1)^ H to 2 Rate Combustion for Soft Coal =2 ^ ,H to 3 V*; Where H-- height of chimney in feet. In the absence of a chimney size formula based on research data, the formula given in Kent's Hand Book is about the best available. where V*R = 333 E R = steam rated capacity of boiler in square feet. = effective area of stack in square feet which should not extend within 2 in. ___ of stack walls. % H = square root of height in feet measured from center of breeching connection to stack. The height of stacks less than 65 ft. should not be less than 30 times the diameter or width of stack. The rate of combustion in heating boilers ranges from 5 lb. to over 20 lb. of coal per sq. ft. of grate per hr., according to the height of the stack. .Large heating boilers are being attached to stacks 100 ft. to 300 ft. high. Small round boilers require from 0.1 in. to 0.2 in. of draft at the smoke outlet, according to the number of intermediate sections placed between the firepot and dome sections. Medium size boilers require from 0.15 in. to about 0.5 in. of draft. Smokeless boilers require from 0.4 in. to 1.0 in. of draft to develop their rated capacity. Such conditions as nature of fuel, condition of firebed, amount of excess air used and condition of the flue travel very materially increases or decreases the draft required to develop the rated capacity of any boiler. FACTORS DETERMINING RATED CAPACITY OF HEATING BOILERS There are three, and only three major factors that can ever enter into the proper equation for determining the rated capacity of any heating boiler. These factors are as given in the A. S. H. & V. E. Boiler Testing Code as follows: ----- jr--- = boiler capacity per hr. in B.t.u.. C=number of pounds of dry fuel consumed (during the firing period). T=duration of firing period in hrs. #=total B.t.u. available at the boiler outlet per pound of dry fuel. _ Hence the available fuel in pounds, times the' efficiency of the boiler in heat units per pound of fuel burned, divided by the length of firing period in hours, is the only boiler capacity rule that has any engineering merit to it. The hit or miss boiler capacity rules, based on grate area and heating surface cannot be applied to any two complete lines of boilers of 45 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTI1AIIN6 ENGINEERS GCIDE.1923^ different design on the market and have no engineering value (see article by P. J. Dougherty on Heating Surface vs. Boiler Capacity, Trans actions, Vol. 26, p. 147). The length-of-firing-period factor, T, in the code rule makes it flexible enough to apply to all types and sizes of heating boilers and at the same time specific enough to apply to each and every case. Small house heat ing boilers should be rated on a 10-hr. hard coal basis. The larger size boilers using hard coal and having a grate over 40 in. wide are rated on a 4-hr. to 6-hr. hard coal basis. All boilers burning soft coal are rated on an hourly basis because of the tendency of soft coal to burn holes through the firebed in a relatively short time after firing. The largest size of boilers are rated on an hourly basis since a fireman is in constant at tendance. . HOW TO CLEAN WATER-GAGE GLASS ON STEAM BOILER WITHOUT REMOVING IT 1. Draw a cupful of hot water from the boiler, into which pour at least a tablespoon of raw muriatic or other acid. 2. Close both water-gage valves. 3. Open top water-gage valve and also pet cock at bottom, and blow water out of glass. Then immediately close the top Valve and submerge the end of the pet cock in cup of hot-water solution. A vacuum is at once created in the gage glass which causes the solution in the cup to rush in. ,. 4. Keep the pet cock immersed and operate the top valve, slightly opening and closing, alternately expelling and drawing in the solution until all grease, oil, or other matter adhering to the inside of the glass is cut out. Then close pet cock and open both water-gage valves. It is necessary to have 1 lb. pressure of steam or more on the boiler before commencing this operation, which need not Occupy more than 10 minutes. The result is a clean glass without the risk of breakage and probable renewal of gaskets, which is frequently the case when removing the glass for cleaning. CLEANING STEAM BOILERS After a steam or vapor boiler has been in operation for a short time, grease, oil, scale, core sand and other foreign matter will accumulate in the boiler, which will invite various kinds of trouble and can only be eliminated by thorough cleaning. . The following method of cleaning a steam boiler has been successfully used and is recommended by many boiler manufacturers. 1. Close all radiator supply valves and where used remove the thermostatic member of all return line valves, or if. boiler is valved close both supply and return. Blow down the boiler through bottom blowoff under a pressure of at least 5 lb. Where a skimming^opening is tapped in boiler near water line connect a ' 46 fAMERICAN SOOETYflF BEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GOIDEE&H pipe with gate valve to skimmer opening and skim oil and grease from boiler. 2. Remove the safety valve and put acid vinegar (Acetic acid) in the boiler as follows: Boilers up to 1,000 sq. ft., capacity--3 gallons ................ . 2,000 " " 4" " " " .4,000 " " 5" .................. 6,000 " " 7 " . Replace the safety valve and operate the entire plant for at least 30 hrs. . 3. Again remove the safety valve in the absence of a skimmer open ing and connect a pipe with gate valve to the outside on con venient drain. This pipe to be not less than size of safety valve. With water in boiler at proper level and valve in top blow-off pipe closed, build a very hot coal fire creating a pressure of 5 to 10 lb. Open top blow-off valve and let water and steam pass through the blow-off line to drain--keep up a pressure between 5 and 10 lb.-- and carefully supply water constantly into boiler so as to keep gage glass filled to top--keep.this up without interruption for , 6 to 8 hr. During the last 2 hr. fill boiler full of water allowing the hot water to flow through, and out of top blow-off pipe to drain. 4- Close the water-feed valve and let. steam and water flow through top blow-off line until water level in boiler is at top of gage glass--close the gate valve irt top blow-off line and with at least 10 lb. steam pressure--draw fire quickly and open the bottom blow-off valve, and entirely drain the boiler. Allow the boiler to cool--replace if any thermostatic-members in return line valves--replace safety valve--close bottom blow-off valve and fill boiler with fresh water to proper level. Sometimes one blowing off will not give the desired results in which case the operation must be repeated or continued until the boiler is thoroughly free from all foreign matter. With plants using vacuum and boiler feed pump the return to pump should be closed off and all condensation passed to drain for at least a week and then the boiler should be cleaned as above. To avoid all this expense and trouble, some heating contractors do not allow any return water from a new system to .enter the boiler during the time temporary heat is on and while the men are working on the job. The valve on the return main is closed, a plug removed from a tee just outside the return valve and the feed-water valve cracked open enough to maintain the water in the boiler up to the water line under close watchmg by one of the steam fitters. At night the fire is banked, the plug in the return replaced and the return valve" opened. With a banked fire practically no grease enters the boiler from the system during the night. Grease in a boiler not only prevents proper steam generation but it is liable to cause burning out of the boiler. A practical method of deter mining when the water in a boiler is free from oil, is to draw a sample.of AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GDIDE1923] the water from the gage cock into a vessel, say about 3 in. in diameter, and at least 8 to 12 in. deep. Have about 2 or 3 in. of water in the vessel and boil it over a gas plate or other hot fire. If there is oil in the water the boiling will cause it to foam and overflow the vessel; while if the water is clear and free from oil and alkali, one can always see the top of the boiling water emitting bubbles of steam but not foaming. TABLE 40. SAFETY VALVE SIZES FOR STEAM HEATING BOILERS Safety Valve Rated Capacity of Boiler Diameter, In. Area, Sq. in. 3A 1 lK m 2 2H 3 3H 4' m 0.4418 0.7854 1.2272 1.7671 3.1416 4.9087 7.0686 9.6211 12.5660 15.9040 Discharge Capacity, Lb. per Hr.* 130 230 360 515 920 1,435 2,070 2,810 3,675 4,650 Steam Radiation, Sq. ft 520 920 1,440 2,065 3,680 5,740 8,280: 11,250 14,700 18,600 Steam. Lb. per Hr. 130 230 360 515 920 1,435 2,070 2.810 3,675 4,650 Capacity of safety valve based on 33J per cent over-pressure, valve set to relieve at 15 lb. per sq. in. Note.--For the purpose of these computations 240 heat units or 0.25 lb. of steam per hr. shall be considered as the equivalent of a square foot of steam radiation. PREVENTING WATER HAMMER CAUSED BY BOILER PRIMING Where the velocity of steam in a steam pipe is so great that it banks the condensate up in waves, similar to a high wind on a body of water, steam pockets are formed between solid slugs of water--similar to A, Fig. 11. The steam in those pockets is condensed rapidly by the condensate and cool air around the pipe which produces a vacuum and as a result the slugs of water B-B are forced together with a sharp impact and often with sufficient force to crack large ells at the end of a straight run of pipe. Water Hammer . Fig. 11. Example op Water Hammer If the pipe is properly graded, and large enough to permit the steam to travel at a relatively low velocity, it will not form such waves of water and produce water hammer. A steam separator placed in the main near the boiler will prevent water hammer due to the boiler priming. Quickly heating up a cold radiator or partly opening a valve on a Onepipe radiator will cause water hammer and gurgling in the radiator. , 48 ' 49 I AMERICAN SOOEnOF HMTOJG & VENTliATINfi ENGINEERS 6DIDEB23^ F ig . 16. T y p ic a l E x p a n s io n C o n n e c tio n s 50 51 Fig. 22. Return Connections to Blast Coils 52 Fig. 24. Typical Connections to Kitchen and Hospital Equipment 53 Fig. 25. Typical Vacuum Connections 54 AMERICAN SOOETYOF HEffHNfi & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GUIDE.B23 TABLE 41. STEAM DRIVEN VACUUM PUMPS Minimum Steam Press. Size Pump Steam Water Length Cylinder Cylinder Stroke Sq. Ft. of Radiation Setting in 70 Deg. Fahr. Steam Exhaust Suction Dis CHARGE 10 lb. << 11 << 11 ' 20 lb. 11 It il It 11 i t < < ft 11 it 60 lb. il a tt ' tt ' 11 11 tt 11 ft fi ti t4 41 8 8 8 12 12 6ys m 6ys 8)4 m 12 12 12 3 4 4 4 4)4 5 5 6 6 7 854 8)4 834 10 12 3 3)4 4 5 6 3 3)4 4 5, 6 6 8 8 3)4 3)4 3)4 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 6 6 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 12 4 5 6 6 8 6 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 1,500 54" 2,200 M" 2,800 5,600 7,900 1,500 54" 1)4" 1)4" ?4" 2,200 ' 3,600 ; 3,600 54" 54" l" 7,900 1" 8,800 15,600 18,800 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 1,800 54" 2,200 2,500 )4" )4" 2,800 )4" 3,600. )4" 4,300 )4" 6,100 : )4" 7,900 8,800 54" 54" 12,000 54" 15,600 1" 19,830 l" 24,500 , l" 29,400 - 1)4" 42,300 1)4" i" ,i" i" 2" 2" 1" 1" 1" 1)4" 1)4" 2" 2" 2" )4" 54" 54" 54" 54" 54" 54" l" 1" l" 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2)4" 3" 2" 2" 2" 2)4" 3" 3" 4" 4" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2)4" 3" 3" 3" 3)4" ' 4" 5" 5" 5" 5" 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 2" 2)4" 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 2" 2)4" 2)4" 3)4" 3)4" 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 1)4" 2" 2)4" 2)4" 2)4" 3" 3)4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 55 AMEHICflN SOCIETY BESTING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GUIDZ023j TABLE 41a. RECIPROCATING VACUUM PUMPS Maximum Speed for Steam Driven Pumps Length of Stroke Inches Number of Single Strokes per Min. Piston Speed Ft. per Min. S. Length of Stroke Inches Number of Single Strokes per Min. . Piston Speed Ft. per Min. S. 3 100 4 90 5 84 6 80 7 69 8 67H 10 60 25 30 35 40 40 45 50 12 60 60 14 57 66H 15 56 70 16 55 73 18 53 80 . 20 51 85 22 49 90 Maximum Speed for Power Driven Pumps Length of Rev. per Stroke Min. Crank Inches Shaft Single Strokes per Min. Piston Speed Ft. per Min. S. Length of' Stroke Inches Rev. Per Min. Crank Shaft Single Strokes per Min. Piston Speed Ft. per Min. S. 3 80 160 5 50 100 6 50 100 8 50 . 100 40 42 50 67 10 40 80 67 12 40 80 80 16 30 60 80 20 25 50 83 Use Mfg. Speed when equal or less than above. Gross Capacity in Gallons of Pump Cylinders per Foot Piston Speed Dia. Cylinder Inches Gal. per FootG Dia. Cylinder Inches Gal. per FootG Dia. Cylinder Inches Gal. per Foot G m2 .1632 .2550 3 .3672 3M .4309 3H . .4998 3% .5738 4 .6528 Oi .7369 04 .8263 4% .9206 5 1.020 5K 1.125 1.234 5u 1.349 6 1.469 6H 1.594 6)4 6% 7 7M 7m)4 8 8)4 9 9)4 10 10)4 u n)4 12 12)4 1.724 1.859 1.999 2; 145 2.295 2.450 2.611 2.948 3.305 3.682 4.080 4.498 4.937 5.396 5.875 6.375 13 13)4 14 14)4 15 15)4 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 6.895 7.436 7.996 8.578 9.180 9.801 10.44 11.79 13.32 14.73 16.32 17.99 19.75 21.58 23.50 25.50 - Empirical Formula G X SX W=capacity sq. ft. direct radiation G--capacity water cylinder in gal. per ft. length. 5=piston speed in ft. per min. W^coastant--105 for 6 in. and less--120 for over 6-in. cylinder 56 YENTILATINfi EN6INEERS6DIDE1923] TABLE 42. PUMP DATA Altitude Barometric Pressure Equivalent Head of Water in Ft. Sea level yi mile above H" h ;; i1 " " " i% " i)4 " 2" ". " " 14.70 lb. to sq. in. 14.02 " 13.33 " 41 44 12.66 " 12.02 " 11.42 " 4 4 44 10.88 " 9.88 " 33.95 32.38 30.79 29.24 27.76 26.38 25.13 22.82 Practical Suction Lift ' 22' 21' 20' 18' 17' 16' 15' 14' Suction lift of pumps WITH BAROMETRIC PRES SURE AT DIFFERENT ALTI TUDES AND EQUIVALENT , HEAD OF WATER IN FEET. TABLE 43. PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM Vacuum in in. of Mercury or Gage Pressure in lb. Absolute Pressure in lb. per sq. in. Temperature in deg. pahr. Total Heat above 32 deg. fahr. B.t.u. in the B.t.u. in the Water Steam Latent Heat of the Steam in B.t.u. Volume in CU. FT. OF 1 LB. OF Steam 27.88 25.85 23.81 21.78 19.74 17.70 15.67 13.63 11.60 9.56 7.52 5.49 3.45 1.42 i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. . 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. - 101.83 126.15 141.52 153.01 162.28 170.06 176.85 182.86 188.27 193.22 197.75 201.96 205.87 .. 209.55 69.8 94.0 109.4 120.9 130.1 137.9 144.7 150.8 156.2 161.1 165.7 169.9 173.8 177.5 1104.4 1115.0 1121.6 1126.5 1130.5 1133.7 1136.5 1139.0 . 1141.1 " 1143.1 1144.9 1146.5 ' 1148.0 1149.4 1034.6 1021.0 1012.3 1005.7 1000.3 995.8 991.8 988.2 985.0 982.0 979.2 976.6 974.2 971.9 333.0 173.5 118.5 90.5 73.33 61.89 53.56 47.27 42.36 38.38 35.10 32.36 30.03 28.02 57 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HMIN6 & TABLE 43. PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM Continued Vacuum in in. of Mercury or Gage Pressure in Absolute Pressure in LB. PER SQ. in. ( IN DEG. FAHR. Total Heat above 32 DEG. FAHR. B.t.u. in the B.t.u. in the Water Steam VolumeTn CU- FT. OF J 1 LB. OFJ Steam U X, 1 0.00 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 6.3 7.3 8.3 9.3 10.3 15.3 20.3 25.3 31.3 35.3 41.3 45.3 51.3 61.3 71.3 81.3 90.3 100.3 125.3 140.3 150.3 165.3 175.3 200.3 14.7Q 15 i 16 j 17 1 ia ! 19 20 21 22 71 24 25 30 35 40 46 56 60^ 66 76 86 96 105. 115. 140. 155. 165. 180. 190. 215. 212.00 213.00 216.3 219.4 222.4 225.2 228.0 230.6 233-1 235.5 237.8 240.1 250.3 259.3 267.3 275.8 ` 281.0 288.2 292.7 299.0 308.5 317.1 324.9 331-4 338.1 353.1 361.1 366.1 373.1 377.6 388.0 180.0 181.0 184.4 187.5 190.5 193.4 196.1 198.8 201.3 203.8 206.1 208.4 218.8 227.3 236.1 244.8 250.1 257.5 262.1 268.5 278.3 287.2 295.3 302.0 309.0 324.6 332.9 338.2 345.6 350.4 361.4 1150.4 1150.7 1152.0 1153.1 1154.2 1155.2 1156.2 1157.1 1158.0 1158.8 1159.6 1160.4 1163.9 1166.8 1169.4 1172.0 1173.6 1175.7 1177.0 1178.8 1181.4 1183.6 1185.6 1187.2 1188.8 1192.2 1194.0 1195.0 1196.4 1197.3 1199.2 970.4 969.7 967.6 965.6 963.7 961.8 960.0 958.3 956.7 955.1 953.5 952.0 945.1 938.9 933.5 927.2 923.5 918.2 914.9 910.2 903.0 896.4 890.3 885.2 879.8 867.6 861.0 856.8 850.8 846.9 837.9 26.79 26.27 24.79 23.38 22.16 21.07 20.08 19.18 18.37 17.62 16.93 16.30 13.74 11.89 10.49 9.20 8.51 7.65 7.17 6.56 5.74 5.10 4.60 4.23 3.88 3.219 2.920 2.753 2.533 2.406 2.138 `ill !j 58 CAPACITIES OF STEAM HEATING RISERS AS AFFECTED BY CRITICAL VELOCITY OF STEAM AND CONDENSATE MIXTURES THE flow, of steam in pipes has been the object of a great many investigations in the past, both practical and theoretical. .. These investigations have resulted in a large number of formulae and expressions giving relationships between weight of steam flowing, density of steam, pressure drop, and diameter of the pipe. This phase of the subject. Fig. 28. Curves Showing Relation of Total Condensation to Header Pressure however, has received very little attention and very little appears in-the literature on it. .' By the term critical velocity, as used in connection with steam and con densate mixtures, is meant the velocity at which the flow of steam and Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by F. C. Houghten, Pittsburgh, Pa. 59 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GDIDEj9S the counter flow of condensed water in the same pipe seriously interfere with each other. This use of the term critical velocity must not be con fused with the term velocity as used in the various branches of engineering as meaning, the velocity at which stream line flow of any fluid, under given conditions, ceases and turbulent flow begins. The critical velocity of steam and condensate mixtures has many ap plications in steam heating. In some cases where it is desired to carry the water along with the steam, it is desirable to so size the pipe that the velocity of the steam is above the critical point. Often, however, it is desired to have the water of condensation flow counter to the steam. In such cases it is necessary to so size the pipe that the velocity of the steam is below the critical point. . In connection with this investigation the following problems have thus far been studied, at the Research Laboratory of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers : 1. Critical velocity of risers--one and two-pipe systems; 2. Effect of rounded, reamed and unreamed entrances, to pipe upon the critical velocity; 3. Effect of entrances of pipe cut with single and three-wheel cutters upon the critical velocity; 4. Effect of unions and couplings upon the critical velocity. " CRITICAL VELOCITY . IN ONE-PIPE RISERS A series of tests were made on 10 ft. risers of the following nominal diameters: % in., 1 in., 1J4 in. and in. In order that the data should apply to pipe as found on the market several pieces of each size, with a varying degree of internal smoothness were tested. Figs. 28 and 29 show the average results of such test. In Fig. 28, the total condensation in pounds per hour is plotted against header pressure in inches of water. The velocity of the steam in feet per second as computed from the total condensation and measured area of the pipe is plotted against header pressure in inches of water in Fig. 29. On analyzing the data obtained from tests on these pipes including the data plotted in Fig. 28 and Fig. 29 , the following points seem of significance : 1. The smaller the size of the pipe and thus the smaller the internal area of the pipe, the more pronounced is the wave portion. As'the size of the pipe in creases the wave becomes less pronounced. For the Ij^-in. pipe it practically disappears. However, a distinct change in slope from the vertical towards the horizontal can still be found. If tests were run at very small increments of pressure change, 0.01 in. of water instead of 0.10 in., it may be that the wave portion would show much more clearly for larger size pipes. 2. The point of critical velocity for all tests ranging from a very rough to a very smooth pipe varies from 22.5 ft. per sec. to 29 ft. per sec. A very good average for the entire set of tests would be 25.0 ft. per sec. The maximum variation in capacity of the various sizes of pipes tested is given in Table 45. 3. The header pressure at which the critical velocity was found in all the tests . on pipe ranging from rough to smooth varies from 0.30 in. of water to 0.40 in. 4. In view of 2 and 3 it may be said that for the sizes of pipe tested and within the limits of experimental error the critical velocity is independent of the size. 60 VENTILATING ENGINEERS GDIITOj EFFECT OF ENTRANCE SHAPE UPON CRITICAL VELOCITY A seriesof tests were made on 1-in. risers with various shaped entrances as shown in Fig. 30. The maximum capacities obtained in these tests are as follows: Reamed entrances......................................... 24.7 lb. per hr. Rounded entrances....................................... 23.9 lb. per hr. Squared entrances........... !.............................22.2 lb. per hr. Three wheel cutter........................................19.2 lb. per hr. Single wheel cutter__........................... ......... 17.6 lb. per hr. Ter Cent Decrease .0 3.2 10.1 22.2 28.7 .. . . HEADER PRESSURE IN INCHES OF WATER . ,. Fig. 29. Curves Showing Relation of Velocity of Steam to Header Pressure As was expected, the results show a maximum capacity for the reamed pipe, slightly smaller for the rounded entrances and so on. While the results indicate a slight difference between the single and three-wheel cutter, due to the insufficiency of the data obtained, there is no attempt made here to designate the one cutter as giving a higher capacity than the other. It may be stated,, however, that any cutting tool which leaves a burr in the entrance of the pipe may reduce the capacity of that:pipe as much as 30 per cent. The amount of reduction depends upon the 61 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BESTING & VENTILATINGENGINEERSGIHDEB83 2 amount of burr made by the cutter. From a practical viewpoint, since any burr will decrease the capacity, care should be taken that all burr is removed from the pipe and furthermore that all pipe is reamed. This fact has been well known, nevertheless the results of these tests bring it out conclusively. EFFECT OF UNIONS, COUPLINGS AND ORIFICES UPON CAPACITY A series of tests were conducted to note the effect of unions and coup lings upon the critical capacity. The results of these tests indicate that there is no apparent changes in the capacities due to these fittings in the line, if they do not constrict the free area of the pipe. Some unions were found however, which did constrict this free area and accordingly re duced the capacity of the riser. A series of tests were run to determine the extent to which short constrictions in a pipe will decrease the capacity of the system. Orifices of 1 in., % in., J4 in. and J4 in- diameter were inserted in a union in the center of the 1-in. risers. The results of these tests are indicated by points A, B, C and D in Fig. 31 and will be discussed later. EFFECT OF SMOOTHNESS ~ AND SIZE OF THE PIPE It is significant to note the variation in the capacity of pipe upon the market that may be due to either variation in size or internal smoothness. The variation in size alone may be 0.05 in. or even more. The variation in internal smoothness may also be very great. . TABLE 44. EFFECT OF VARIATION OF SIZE AND SMOOTHNESS OF PIPE. Per Cent Difference due to Variation of Pipe Maximum Condensation, Lb. Per Hr. Capacity of Pipe.................... ...... ....:...........! W Minimum.................................... ..... :....... ! i4.oo .......:........ i 15.20 Per Cent Variation......................... .... :.......... ...j 8.6 1" 24.89 30.08 20.8 IK" 45.42 52.08 14.7 M" 70.50 82.00 16.3 The maximum capacity of the pipe for carrying steam and condensate mixtures is plotted against the inside area of the pipe in square inches, Fig. 31. Thepoints of maximum capacity for this curve were obtained from the flat portion of the capacity-header pressure curves in Fig. 28. This curve indicates that the maximum capacity varies greatly with the size of the pipe. ` Points A , B, C and D represent the maximum capacities obtained with 1 in., % in., Yi in. and in. orifices inserted in a union in the 1-in. pipe as mentioned before, As can be seen, points A, C and D all fall very close to the maximum capacity curve. However, for some reason not discov- 62 VENTILATING ENGINEERSGUIUEfiZ3 ered, point B for the % in. diameter orifice, fell some what lower than was expected. The results obtained for the maximum capacity of the 1-in. pipe cut by the one-and three-wheel cutters and not reamed, are also plotted against the free area of the pipes left at the constrictions. These points fall close to the maximum capacity curve. This curve shows conclusively that the effect of any constriction in a pipe, no matter how short the constriction, is to reduce the capacity of the pipe to that of a pipe equal in internal diameter to the free area of the constriction. . Tiipt dfGthwct '. ' Squared Entrant cd d Bounded ' Stqlc ffhed Cuttb' TTwte - - u rr> ber of Ribc r 2. 4 3' Diam fer c Top Bottom Koint iPuttuni 1 Too B c A A r A n c. A li id id id id id ill A Bottom AF < i 7T F id A iff sid t& id id id id id id a A s id td id id id at id S' if! 1* Id 1* id I--* ^O-uareo Entrance Beamed Entrance (to lb) J Rounped Entrance ^<N6LC^THREeWHEELCuTTCR tc) (d)______________ <A^fl--VE.RESEARCH LAB BUREAU Of MINES OATT.eRPtK)TT-1ZURpMdWPAfr.HO. Fig. 30. Details of Four Types of Entrances Tested A second curve in Fig. 31 gives the capacity of the pipe at the critical velocity for any area. This curve is found to be a straight line. Fur thermore at very small pipe areas the maximum capacity and critical capacity curves coincide. This would indicate, that for very sniall sizes of pipe the critical velocity and maximum velocity are practically the same. This is borne out by the curves in Fig. 28. - The sizes of risers allowable for carrying steam, with the counter flow of condensate, without serious interference is given in Table 45. The values in the first column are based on 18 ft. per sec., which allows a factor of safety of approximately 20 per cent. The values in the second column are based on a velocity of 22 ft. per sec. or the. minimum velocity found for any pipe tested. The values for the 2-in. pipe were not determined by test, but are based on. the conclusion drawn from the tests that the critical velocity for the 2-in.pipe is.the same as that for the pipes tested, 63 " AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GHDEI923] Dia. of Pipe In. ZA i . Wi " l Vi 2 TABLE 45. CAPACITIES OF ONE PIPE RISERS A llowable Velocity in Feet per Second 18 ' 22 Cond. lb. hr. B.t.u. loss hr. Sq. ft. Rad. Based on 240 B.t.u. Cond. lb. hr. B.t.u. loss hr. Sq. ft. Rad. Based on 240 B.t.u. 8.9 14.5 25.2 34.2 56.5 8,640 14,070 24,460 33,190 54,830 36.0 58.6 101.9 138.1 228.4 10.9 17.8 30.8 41.8 69.0 10,580 17,270 29,890 40,560 66,960 44.1 72.0 124.5 169.0 279.0 The table gives the capacity of the pipe in pounds of steam-per hour. B.t.u.' transmitted per hour, and square feet of radiation based on 240 B.t.u. per sq. ft. . Fio. 31. Curves Showing Effect of Constrictions in Various Sizes of Pipe ' The investigation has brought out the following outstanding points which seem of sufficient importance to the heating industry to be sum marized : . - ' 1. All pipe should be reamed--pipe cut by an ordinary wheel cutter and not ' reamed will decrease the capacity of a one-pipe system by as much as 30 per cent; . 2. Pipe with any unusually large bump, blister, or other constriction on the : inside should not be used--the capacity of a one-pipe system is no greater I. : . than the capacity of the free area left by its greatest constriction; ' ...; : 3. Unions and all other fittings entering into a riser should be of full size opening; i . , .: 4. The .size of pipe for one-pipe risers carrying any quantity of steam should be determined in accordance with Column 1 of Table 45, or by Column 2 after applying the desired factor of safety. '" ' 64 HOT WATER HEATING HOT water heating may be divided into two classes, forced and gravity circulation. The first is used on large units and other installations where it would be difficult to obtain uniform heating by gravity circulation. In many cases, approaching the natural dividing line between the two systems, a combination of forced and gravity cir culation is installed, in which a pump is used as an auxiliary to circulate the water during periods of heavy firing. GRAVITY HOT WATER SYSTEMS Gravity hot-water heating may be divided into several classes, de pending on the method of running the flow and return mains. For residences, the two-pipe, up-feed system generally is used. This means that the flow and return mains are run on the ceiling of the basement, with branches and risers feeding the several radiators from below. Where attic space is available, and in shops and factories the down-feed system often is used. This may have either single or double drops, although the single drop is preferable. The chief advantage of the downfeed system is that it raises the mean effective circulating head, and obviates many of the fine adjustments that are required with the upfeed system. Sometimes, when there is plenty of circulating head available, a two-pipe up-feed system with a single-pipe basement circuit is installed. This system, while it cuts down the amount of piping in the basement, increases the size of the mains because it divides the avail able circulating head into two circuits. The basic principle of gravity circulation is shown in Fig. 32. As the water in column A is heated, and its density decreases it is over balanced by the cold water in B. The water in column B, being colder, always outweighs the water in column A, and thus circulation is estab lished. As the temperature difference between these two columns is increased, the difference in weight increases, with a consequent increase in the velocity of circulation. The velocity of circulation also varies with the difference in.elevation between the heater and the radiators.. A circuit similar to that shown in Fig. 33 will not circulate, because the hot water is not overbalanced by the cold. Adding pressure to the water will not increase the velocity of circulation in any way, except that it may allow greater temperature differences to exist between the flow and return columns. The velocity of circulation cannot be increased or decreased by changing the pitch of the majns. .. In actual practice, the circulation. of water 'in a hot-water heating system is much more complicated than that -shown in a simple circuit Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by William Hutton. Wlnsted. Conn., in collaboration with Philip Parker, Woburn. Mass.. W. P. Elder. Sherman Parker and A.' F. Karlson, Fitchburg, Mass. 65 VENTiLATIN6 ENGINEERS 6IJIDE.23 like Fig. 32. Every radiator then has a separate circuit of its own which must have approximately the sapie resistance as every other circuit. Each of these circuits has an individual length, height and amount of heat to be delivered. If any one circuit has a great advantage over the others, it will increase this advantage by heating the main return, which subtracts from the effective height of all the other radiators involved. . If the risers to radiator B, Fig. 35, were changed to lJ/j in. and all other connections remained as shown, the hot water would pass through this radiator with a very small temperature drop and back into the return main. This would subtract 3 ft. of effective height from radiators C and D and might even cause reverse circulation. With gravity hot-water heating the force tending to cause circulation is very small. For 40 deg. drop, it only amounts to fV in- of water pressure for each foot of effective height. There is very little data available on the flow of hot water in pipes under conditions such as are found in gravity work. The pioneers in this field adapted their formulas from tests made on large cast iron pipes,' such as are used in city water works. These formulas were not adapted to conditions such as are found in gravity hot-water heating, but they were the only ones available at the time. All modern for mulae are based on the experiments of German engineers with pipes and fittings, such as are found in that country. How these compare with ours is a matter of conjecture. . To make all the radiators in a grav ity circulating system correspond with one another, it is necessary to assume a temperature drop for the circuit, and Fig. 32. Illus trates Princi ple of Gravity Circulation Fig. 33. Circu lation Impossi ble With This Arrangement then equalize all the individual circuits to this temperature drop. To be correct it should be based on a weight differ ence between the flow and return risers as weight difference and temperature drop do not correspond at different water temperatures. It is usual to assume an average water temperature of 180 deg. fahr.. A low-temperature drop requires larger piping, and is not so responsive to the fire because there is more water in circulation, but due to the low-water velocity it is much easier to balance. A low-temperature drop is better where several radiators are taken from a single main as in the one-pipe system. ' . 66 / AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6ENGINEERSGIIDEJ923 The charts, Fig. 34, show the pipe sizes required for temperature drops of 20, 30 and 40 deg. The vertical lines represent the total length of the circuit, divided by the effective height. The length of the circuit should be figured as if a separate pipe were carried from the heater to each indi vidual radiator and back to the heater again, as is indicated in the diagram, Fig. 35. The effective height in simple circuits should be the distance between the center of the heater and the center of the radiator. In compound circuits such as is shown at A A, Fig. 35, the mean effective height would be the B.t.u. delivered by each separate heat emitting unit, multiplied by its effective height, the sum being divided by the total B.t.u. of the circuit. The horizontal lines in the charts represent the capacity of the circuit in B.t.u. per hour and in square feet of radiation. It is better to work from the B.t.u. side of the chart, as a square foot of radiation is a meaningless term. The chart for a 30 deg. drop has been made opposite hand from the 20 deg. and 40 deg. charts to save space. Knowing the number of B.t.u., or the square feet of radiation, follow the line horizontally to the vertical line representing the ratio of the effective height to the length of the circuit. The next lower diagonal line, representing the size of pipe, gives the answer required. For example, 10,000 B.t.u. would be supplied to a circuit 100 ft. long with 10 ft. of effective height by an lj^-in. pipe with a 20 deg. drop, by a 1-in. pipe with a 30 deg. drop and a 1-ip. pipe with a 40 deg. drop, but the total capacity in the case of the 40 deg. drop would be about 17,000 heat units. The pipe sizes, as given above would be correct if a separate pipe were taken from the heater to each radiator, with a separate return from each radiator back to the heater. From 10 to 30 per cent would have to be added to the actual length of the circuit to allow for the additional re sistance of fittings. It is customary to run all these different circuits as far as possible in a single main. This decreases the frictional resistance because of the additional capacity of the larger pipes. The chart in Fig. 36 gives the proportional resistance of pipes in terms of a smaller size. For example, the 2-in. line crosses 2J^-in. at 0.3, the 3-in. at 0.13, the 3%-in. at 0.05 and the 4-in. at 0.025. A circuit made up of 10 ft. of each of the above sizes, while having a total length of 40 ft., would only have a resistance equal to 15 ft. of 2-in. pipe. In many cases the proportional resistance of the larger pipes will balance the additional resistance of the fittings. A chart showing the resistance of fittings is given under the section on Forced Hot-Water Heating. The size of the mains. must be proportioned to the greatest ratio between length of circuit and effective height. These charts may be used for any type or form of gravity hot-water heating having from 6 to 60,000 sq. ft. of radiation. The principle involved is the same for residences, greenhouses, or industrial buildings. Hot-water circulation is positive and certain, provided that none of its basic principles are viplated. F ig . 34. P ip e S iz e s R e q u ir e d f o r V a r io u s T e m p e r a t u r e D r o p s ip e , OizE,a - Gr a v it y H o t VVa t r , h t ij s q 4 0^ E>e g . D r o p Lenqlb ofeircuif divided bij tbe effective heiqbt. AMERICAN SOCIETYOf HEATING & YENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS 6CIDE.1923 EQUALIZING RISER TEMPERATURE DROPS No matter how carefully riser or circuit sizes may be calculated, the limitations imposed by the necessity of using standard sizes of pipe and fittings will affect the results sought for in a heating system. This may be instanced by using the diagram in Fig. 35 as a means of illustration. Suppose the radiator in the circuit C to be 90 sq: ft. instead of 100 sq. ft. Reference to the charts indicates that a %-in. pipe would supply 80 sq. ft. and maintain a temperature drop of 40 deg. and that the next size, 1 in., would supply 170 sq. ft. with the same temperature drop and that, if the. radiator were 90 sq. ft., the drop would be less than 40 deg. If then, the 40 deg. drop were maintained at the radiators in circuits B and D, some interference would be experienced in the return from these >30 Deg .Brop. ^ H ieotjih ofcircuif divided theffediy he'iijlrf. . .P 2 , 0 D e g E sko p Zog+bofc'ircurtdivided hjfteeffect!V3 beiijbt. Fig. 35. Diagram Showing Effective Circuit Heights With Radiators Above and at Boiler Level and Method of Calculating Capacity of Circuits from Charts in Fig. 34. radiators. The choice would then lie between using a in. connection to radiator C and haying the drop more than 40 deg., or using a 1-in. pipe and retarding the flow by some means so as to secure the equal drop. Several methods may be suggested to secure this. The radiator valve and.union ell may be made % in. to add a little friction, a special-fitting may be inserted in the tee on the main to divert the flow to some extent, or the riser, may be trapped to increase the frictional resistance. This resistance may be varied to some extent by varying the depth of the trap. . Again, there may be some advantage in rrfaking the temperature drops at various branch circuits unequal. It would seem that ideal conditions woijld be obtained if the greater drop were'at the return connection nearest the boiler as at C, in Fig. 35, with a slightly, lower drop at B and the lowest at D. Then the water would have a gradually falling tempera- 69 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSG0IDEI923 ture throughout the main circuit, from the boiler back to the boiler. These conditions would favor a steady circulation at any boiler tempera ture without interference or retarding of the return flow from any of the various radiators. Therefore, if the radiators at C were 90 sq. ft. and connected with %-in. pipe, the temperature drop might be greater than 40 deg., but the result would be better than if 1 in. were used and resistances introduced to equalize the drop to 40 deg. PIPE SIZES FOR FORCED CIRCULATION A basic rule to be followed in computing pipe sizes for systems of hotwater heating using forced circulation is that the pressure drop at each radiator, due to friction in the mains, risers and branches, must be uniform throughout. Selection of pipe sizes from charts or tables stating the maximum duty performed does not afford a close enough distribution of the load on the system to insure perfect operation. The pump in a forced circulation system delivers a fixed volume of water and a gain for one radiator must be a loss for another. A convenient means of determining the pressure drop due to friction is found in two charts which originally appeared in the May 28, 1920, issue of the Metal Worker, Plumber & Steam Fitter, and are reproduced herewith. Fig. 37 gives the friction pressure drop in straight lines of pipe and is based upon the formulae of A. V. Serginsky. These formulae take into consideration the greatly decreased viscosity of liquids at increased temperatures as found by the experiments of Biel and give much smaller pipe sizes for this class of work than those obtained by the formulae of Weisbach. The chart shown in Fig. 38 gives the length of pipe for which the resistance is equivalent to that of a given fitting of the same size. The chart is read by laying a straight-edge across the given pipe size and the given capacity, and reading the result for short-radius elbows. The equivalent length of pipe for other fittings may be found by multiplying by the constants given. An average pressure drop per foot for the mains, due to friction, must first be obtained by dividing the pressure against which the pump will deliver the necessary quantity of water by the actual piping distance to and from the farthest radiator, plus the allowance for fittings. Using this figure for the loss-in-pressure factor on the chart, preliminary pipe sizes may be obtained. To make the sizes of the branches more nearly equal throughout the system, the size of the main near the pump should be less than that read on the chart, and the size of the main at the far end greater than that given. The total friction drop for the circuit should now be checked and such corrections made as may be necessary. To obtain the pipe sizes for the branches compute the friction drop for the supply and return main from the pump to each supply and return branch. The working pressure of the pump less the sum of the friction 70 AMERICAN SOOETTOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS 61HDE1923 loss in the supply and return mains to any pair of branch lines will give the pressure loss due to friction, that may be used in those branches. From the: charts the size of each branch may be computed in the same way as the sizes of the mains were obtained. Size: of Pipe: Fig. 36. Chart Showing Proportional Resistance of Pipes . As much of the pressure drop as possible should be confined to' the branches so that they will be as small as possible. At the same time it must be borne in mind that if this is carried too far the size of the branches near the'pump may. be smaller than is desirable in practice. Theoretically, the pipe sizes calculated by this method will be so nearly correct that the friction loss and, therefore, the flow, will be equal at all 71 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS 6CIDEK23/ radiators. In practice, however, this is impossible because of the gaps in pipe sizes and many engineers specify the use of lock shield valves, on one connection to each radiator so that the system may be adjusted to work evenly after it is in operation. . A typical arrangement of pumps and heaters such as are used in forcedcirculation systems is shown in Fig. 39. GREENHOUSE HEATING BY HOT WATER Although the same tables, formulae or other data that are used to estimate the heating requirements of systems in the usual type of build ings are applicable to greenhouse heating systems, there are certain con ditions that must be kept in mind so that due allowance may be made in the specification of the plant. For instance, the highest temperatures are required at night, whereas with residence systems the maximum temperatures are required in the day time. Greenhouse fires are banked during the day. In practically all other types of buildings the fires are banked at night. Greenhouse radiation is almost exclusively made up of piping. The temperatures demanded are almost always below 70 deg. and with lower temperatures and radiating surface giving a higher rate of heat emission, special care must be given to the selection of the boiler. TABLE 48. TEMPERATURES REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES House Temp. Required. Deg. Fahr. General Purposes............. ..................................................................................... 55 to GO Cool Greenhouse (Show).................................................................................... 45 " 60 Forcing House........................................................................................................ 60 " 65 Tropical, or Stove H._......................................................................................... 65 " 70 Conservatory (General Collection) (Winter Garden)................................ 60 " 65 Palm House............................................................................................................. 60 " 65 Tropical Palm House................................................................,.......................... 65 " 70 Cool Palm House.......... .................... ................................................................... 50 " 55 Orchid House.......................................................................................................... 65 " 70 Cool Orchid House......................... ..................................................................... 50 " 55 Rose House........ ....... ................................................ ..................................... ...... 55 " 60 Carnation House................................................................................................... 45 " 55 Violet House........................................................................................................... 40 " 45 Propagating House................................................................................. .............. 55 " 60 Camelias and Azaleas........................................................................................... 45 " 50 Cool Vinery.......... ...................... ,.......................................................................... Cool and Damp Early Vinery (Start January and February)....................................... :....... 65 to 70 Second Vinery (Start February and March)................................................ 65 " 70 Late Vinery............................................................................................................. 65 " 70 Cool Peach House (Cold Damp Weather), Early Peach House (Start January and February)............................................................................... 65 " 70 Second Peach House (Start-February and March), Late Peach House (Ripen November and December).......................................................... 65 " 70 Tomato and Cucumber House.......................................................................... 65 " 70 Lettuce House........... ................................... ........................................................ 40 " 45 Mushroom House........... ..........................................................................:...... . 55 "60 Fern House............................................................................................................. 60 " 65 72 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGDID823^ The matter of levels also affects the design and proportions of the heat ing mains. In many greenhouse ranges the walk levels are not more than 2 ft. 6 in., or 3 ft., above the top of the boiler and where all of the radiating surface is made up of pipe coils on a level not higher than 1 ft. 6 in. above ESTIMATING HEATING REQUIREMENTS Heating requirements, i.e., the amounts of radiation for greenhouses, are not obtained by scientific calculation or intricate formulae; at least, they are not so obtained by greenhouse specialists. In this calculation only the exposed glass surfaces and other exposed surfaces reduced to the equivalent of glass surfaces are considered. The.loss of heat'by conduc tion through the glass is, of course, by far the greatest loss, but there is 50 40- I $ 30- -10.000 ;-- 3dO.0O0O0 i! - 7000 -6.000 < - 5.000 ' - 4.000 ' r/0` 2015' 1 X V V & /- .3' .3'- X- - JjOOO - 2.000 _ iOOO -- t3o0o0 - 700 - COO - 500 - 400 - 300 : ZOO v V 70 CO 1 JO 40 30 20 ^ for other f/ii/ngs muffp/y Me resistance of short radius elbows by the falfatr/ag factors. Out/ef fromheater . or radiator Z. Long radius elbows . 0. S Globe Vo/ve. Z. Tee " f-3 Return Se/rcl Angle Valve t.S Z. _ S' -T _ 6" ~ S~ -X - sf i- - 2- \ <e - n'\ - 4' n <o -f -f -r Copyright. Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter Fig. 38. Chart for Finding Friction Loss Through Fittings another considerable- loss which it is very difficult, if not absolutely impossible to calculate, that is, the loss by air leakage between the lights of glass at the laps. These two make up practically all of the losses. ` The only other losses are those through open doors and through vents. The latter are generally intentional, and used to reduce the greenhouse to the required temperature; but a change of air is necessary for plant 74 AMERICAN SOCIETY0F HMI1NG MlllpfYENTIMTIN6 EN6MERSfiCH>E823> growth, so the vents are not opened only for the purpose of reducing the inside temperature. Modern greenhouses are glazed almost exclusively with double-thick glass in lights 16 in. wide and 24 in. long. The glazing bars, or ribs, are then usually 16J4 in. center to center. The lap of the glass is % in. by eye measurement. Sometimes 24x24 in. glass is used, but not often, and with this size, the bow, or spring, of the glass when the wind blows is greater, and the heat loss through the laps may accordingly be greater as a consequence. The cubic contents in ratio to the surrounding glass surface, the size and the shape are, of course, more or less factors, but as previously stated, only the glass and glass equivalent enter into the calculation for the quantities of radiating surface. The engineer may modify somewhat the quantities so obtained because of the ratio of the contents to the enclosing glass, or the size or shape of the structure, or because of its geographical position or its elevation, or because the greenhouse is in a particularly exposed position. The calculation is merely that of dividing the glass and the equivalent surface'by the proper divisor. The average temperature of the water in a gravity hot-water heating system is assumed to be about 150 deg. fahr., and the average coefficient of transmission of the radiating surface is assumed to be 2, and as pre viously stated, only the glass and other exposed surfaces reduced to the equivalent of glass are considered in the calculation. The factors, or divisors, for glass surfaces are derived from the following formula: where r> (T -- t) X G K (150 -- G) x 2 . 1 =temperature desired, fahr.; I -- temperature out of doors (0 deg. fahr.); 150=temperature of water in radiating surface, fahr.; G = glass and glass equivalent surface; 2coefficient of transmission; R = radiating surface. From the above formula the divisors in the table following are derived: TABLE 47. FACTORS FOR GLASS SURFACES For 70 to 75 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 1.8 For 65 to 70 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.28 For 60 to 65 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.62 For 55 to 60 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 3. For 50 to 55 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 3.46 For 45 to 50 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 4. For 40 to 45 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 4.67 For 35 to 40 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 5.5. " It will be noted that the temperatures giyen in the table are not-75 deg., 70 deg., 65 deg., etc., but 70-75 deg*, 65-70 deg., 60-65 deg., etc. Greenhouses are so very sensitive to wind and- so very unamenable to exact calculation that the initiated greenhouse man allows himself 5 deg. as leeway or as a factor of safety, and when he intends to heat to 60 .deg. he specifies 55-60 deg. . 75 ; AMERICAN SOdEHOF HEATING & VENTHATING ENGINEERS GMDEJ923 Greenhouses do not respond exactly to figures in various ways: The same amount of glass may in two different houses enclose vastly different volumes; the air loss between the laps, though probably never calculated, may be quite different per square foot of glass in two houses of the same size, design and construction, on account of the difference in workman ship or of glass quality, or of both. The humid atmosphere of greenhouses --and for some purposes the atmosphere is much more humid than for others, as for instance, for rose growing, at some temperatures causes the laps to seal with condensation, checking, or stopping the air loss through the laps. At other temperatures these laps are sealed with ice and the inside surface of the glass is entirely frosted over so that its conductivity is changed. It may be much more difficult to heat a greenhouse at 15-20 Fig. 39. PimpsTypical Arrangement of and Heaters for Forced Circulation . System ' deg. above zero, or even at 25 deg. above zero, with the wind blowing, than at zero or below, because the low temperature house may be sealed with ice, as stated. And so, the same formula will not work out exactly for outside temperatures below zero; and in some parts where the mini mum outside temperature is above zero, or where the minimum of zero is rarely reached and then for short periods only, as in some Southern states, while it is true that the same amount of heat is required to offset the low outside temperature, the duration of the cold spell is so very short that it is unnecessary to pipe the houses or to provide boilers as large as the same house or houses would require further North. The ratio of air content of the greenhouses to the glass surfaces increases with the width, so'the number of changes of air through laps of glass, 76 - AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING & YENT1LATIN6ENGINEERS 6CTDE.I923; however many they may be, are less per hour with a wide house than with a narrow- one, and the experienced heating man knows this and judiciously omits a line or two of pipe in very wide houses, after having divided the glass surface by the proper divisor. Fig. 40 shows in section two conventional, even span, adjacent green houses of the ridge and furrow, or saw-tooth type, converted by extending the roof lines until they bisect each other, into one even span house; and the sketch also shows at once that above the eaves line the cubic contents contained by the same amount of glass in the large house is just twice the quantity contained above the eaves lines in the two small ones, and, obviously, it requires less heat units to heat the one large house than it does the two small houses, although the glass surfaces are the same. But how much less heat? Who can say? Glass laid by eye measurement, and glass of varying quality are inconstants. A table compiled for purposes of comparing the cubic contents and the glass surfaces in the roofs of the houses in widths of 20 to 80 ft. shows that in the 20 ft. houses: Glass : Contents : : 1 : 2.34 whereas in 80 ft. houses, with the same roof pitch: Glass : Contents : : 1 : 9.8 Greenhouse, radiation is almost always\made up of pipe surface-- horizontal pipe placed on the side walls, on the sides of solid beds and under raised benches, sometimes on the columns supporting the roof. Steam mains are usually carried overhead on columns, sometimes with the return mains in trenches. The greenhouse heating engineer and con tractor uses 3J4-in. cast iron pipe mainly for private greenhouse heating with hot water. This pipe holds about two quarts to the lineal foot, and the superficial surface is about 1.05 sq. ft. to the lineal foot. This pipe is very popular for heating private greenhouses with water for two reasons: (1) it holds so much water that it cools.slowly and does not require close attention through the night when a fireman or watchman is not employed; (2) because of its great durability. Cast iron pipe outlast wrought iron or wrought steel pipe in the humid atmosphere of greenhouses. - The greenhouse heating contractor divides the quantity of glass and glass equivalent in the section of the greenhouse by the proper factor from the Table 47 for the temperature desired, and accepts the result obtained as the required number of lines of 3J^-in. cast iron pipe, this size providing about 1 sq. ft. of surface to the lineal foot of pipe (1.05 sq.ft.). .. In most commercial greenhouses, 2-in. pipe'is used for hot-water heat ing, and where the houses are not too long, or there are not too many of them, 2-in. pipe does not, of course, hold the same quantity of water as 3^2 in., and therefore requires a little closer attention. Its cost, how ever, is considerably less; hence it is used in commercial ranges. . 77' , AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTIUT1N6EN6INEERSGDIDE,M3 For steam heating, pipe is used almost exclusively, and the greenhouse man has found that where one line of 3J^-in. pipe is required to produce a certain specified temperature with hot water as the heating medium, one line of 1^-in. steam pipe at 0-5 lb. pressure will do the same work. This fact is inconsistent with the application of the divisors given for quantities of radiation, but the difference is probably accounted for by the fact that 1 J^-in. pipe, being of so much higher temperature, is better distributed. Much of it is distributed in single lines; most of it in flat coils, and seldom in two rows, one over the other, and even then the coils are constructed so as to provide drainage, with a pitch from the supply end to the return bends at the opposite end, and back from the return Fig. 40. Sketch Shows Relation of Cubic Contents and Roof ' Glass Surfaces bends to the return header, so that the coils converge and are not close together. The pipe lines do not, therefore, interfere with each other in radiating their heat. Furthermore, with the proper boiler it is easily possible to increase the pressure as desired. Hot-water heating was used almost exclusively 20 to 25 years ago. Now the use of hot-water heating is confined to private ranges and to small and medium-sized commercial ranges. It is practically never used in large commercial greenhouse ranges. Its cost would be prohibitive. Hot water is, of course, much more economical in small houses, but in large ranges a properly designed hot-water plant and a properly designed steam system would be equally economical, but the first cost of hot water is very much above the first cost of steam. In very large ranges vacuum steam heating is frequently used. This permits the use of smaller mains, smaller return connections and has the advantage of quick circulation, and immediately responds to sudden demands. WARM-AIR FURNACE HEATING GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN IT is assumed in the following discussion that a recirculating system is to be installed, with a maximum air temperature at the registers ranging between 175 and 185 deg. fahr., maintaining 70 deg. inside in the coldest weather. Under the conditions just indicated the procedure to be followed in designing a gravity warm-air furnace heating system may be summarized as follows: 1. Determine the hourly heat loss H, from each room in British thermal units when the room temperature is 70 deg. fahr., and the outside temperature is 10 deg. above the lowest on record. Include any cold floors, ceilings, and partitions in the com putations, and assume unheated spaces are at 30 to 35 deg. fahr. For heat transmission factors see any standard text on heating and ventilation, as this part of the work is exactly the same as for a steam or water heating system. 2. Determine the size in square inches of the leader (basement pipe), to each room by dividing the heat loss from each room (obtained in (1) above), by the heat carrying capacity of 1 sq. in. of leader pipe for first, second or third floor runs as the case may be. Leader pipe capacities over a wide range of register temperatures, for a three-story installation, are shown' in Fig. 41, and a typical example is presented in the following pages. No leader should be less than 8 in. in diameter, nor over 12 ft. in length. If leaders must be extended beyond 12 ft., or have to be run with angles of more than 45 deg., then the diameter should be increased one pipe size. . 3. The wall stacks are made as near the leader size as possible, but may be reduced to 75 per cent of the area of the leaders with little effect on their capacity. 4. Registers for the warm air inlets should have a free area exclusive of all grille work not less than the area of the basement leader pipe. 5. The recirculating duct should be made at least equal in area to the sum of the areas of the warm air leaders and should be run' with as few angles, bends, or offsets as possible. The effect of properly and improperly designed recirculating ducts on furnace capacity is discussed in a following section. This duct should enter the furnace through a shoe of full area, the top of which is not above the level of the grate (See Fig. 43). 6. The recirculating register should be placed preferably in the first floor hallway and the air should have free access to it on all sides. Registers in corners or against a wall are at a great disadvantage. The free area through the register should at least be equal to the area of the recirculating duct. 7. The furnace should be selected on the basis of grate area, and at the same time the free area through the furnace must be not less than the sum of all leader areas. It is evident that the coal burned on the grate must furnish all the heat required to keep the house at 70 deg. in coldest weather, and at the same time provide for any line losses between the furnace and the rooms, as well as radiation losses from the furnace, and the heat carried away in the smoke gases. Since the total heat loss H from the house has .- been determined in (1), it is first necessary to allow unreasonable factor for line losses which can be taken at 25 per cent of H. The heat lost from the furnace and in the smoke gases is approximately 40 per cent of the heat in the"coal, which leaves 60 per cent for Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by Arthur C. Willard, Urbana. 111. 79 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTI1ATING ENGINEERSGUHJE.B23 WARM AIR FURNACE RESEARCH. Subject: Register 7&mp~- engineering experiment station Date: 4-29-t9- erafores e. Btu.persq.in.leader uNrvERsnrap rjjnoir Name-. Pratt. WJ: Note. Values shown above may be increased from 10 to 15 per cent for a short and well designed recirculating duct. ' . Fig. 41. Curves Showing Effect of Register Temperature on Leader Capacities useful heating effect put into the air leaving the bonnet. A good average chimney flue will provide for a draft sufficient to burn readily 6 lb. of coal per sq. ft. of grate per hr. The grate area (G) in sq. in. may, therefore, be computed as follows: _ H X 144 X 1.25 H_ G ~ 6 X 12,000 X 0.60 " 240 Select a furnace having a grate area as near the calculated value as possible. Iri general take a grate which has a larger rather than a smaller area than that calculated. H= heat loss in B.t.u. from all. rooms to which furnace supplies heat, G = grate area in sq. in. (not fire-pot area), 144 = sq.. in. in a sq. ft. 1.25 = the allowance of 25 per cent for line losses in leaders and stacks, 6 = lb. of coalTeadily burned per sq. ft. of grate per hr. 12,000 = total heat value in B.t.u. of 1 lb. of good average coal. . 0.60 = a decimal allowing for a furnace efficiency of 60 per cent, 240 = all the above numerical values combined into one number. Now check free area of furnace selected against the sum of all leader areas. These two values should be practically equal to each other. 80 Fig. 42. Floor Plans of House Used in Typical Design Problem 8. The smoke connection should be not over 10 ft. in length and have not more than one 45 deg. angle, if made same size as cast-iron smoke collar on furnace. A suitable and accessible cleanout should be provided in this pipe, and both a cross damper and a check damper should be installed in the smoke connection. 9. The chimney flue should be not less than 9x12 in. dear inside and for the larger furnaces should be 12x12 in. inside. A lined flue, of the best fire clay flue lining made, is to be preferred, provided the lining is made absolutely tight at the joints and is backed up solidly with mortar so that there is no air space between lining and brick work of chimney. 10. All hot surfaces should be thoroughly covered with standard insulation not.less than K in. in thickness. Asbestos paper, if applied only in a single layer, materially increases the heat loss from bright tin and galvanized iron surfaces (See Bulletin No. 117 of the Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois.). TYPICAL EXAMPLE IN SELECTION OF PROPER LEADER SIZES1 It is, of course, necessary to wait until'more test data are available before making final recommendations as to the proper procedure, and the most suitable values to use in designing a furnace heating system. It may not, however, be out of place to discuss a simple application of the data so far obtained to a typical furnace heating design problem using such values as are now available. In the following discussion'it has been found necessary to use register temperatures as high as 185 deg. fahr. for the first floor leaders. It is undoubtedly desirable, however, to use a lower range of register temperatures, with a maximum outlet tem perature of not over 175 deg. fahr., whenever possible. Curves, Fig. 41 have been plotted from the-data obtained in seven tests on the main plant, Fig. 45 showing the relation between the register 'From Bulletin No. 112. Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois. 81 . temperatures on any floor, and the B.t.u. carried per square inch of leader pipe per hour to each of these floors. It should be noted that with a very short and well-designed, recirculating duct Fig. 46, it is possible to increase the values shown in these curves by 10-15 per cent. Knowing the B.t.u. loss per hour from any room on any floor (first, second or third), and given any register temperature, using the value of B.t.u. per square inch of leader pipe from these curves, simple division will give the square inch of leader pipe necessary to heat the room to 70 deg. fahr., on a zero day, for which in this case the heat loss has been calculated in Table 48. Fig. 43. Two Types of Return Air Ducts Taking the first floor rooms of the house plan shown in Fig. 42, and assuming a register temperature for a zero day of 185 deg. fahr. from the curve for the first floor, it is evident that one square inch of leader pipe will carry 115 B.t.u. per hour to the rooms. Then dividing the B.t.u. loss per hour from the room by 115 gives the number of square inches of leader pipe necessary to heat the room on a zero day. From the test data obtained in the seven tests referred to above, it is apparent that the temperature at the registers on the second floor is approxi mately 10 deg. lower than that on the first floor, or about 175 deg. fahr. In like manner from, the second floor curve it is found that one square inch of leader pipe at this temperature will supply 160 B.t.u. per hr. Dividing the heat loss from the second floor rooms by this value gives the square inches of leader pipe necessary to offset the heat loss from the second floor rooms. ' 82 AMERICAN SOOETYQF HEATING & In like manner the test data show a register temperature on the third floor that is about the same as that on the first floor. From the third floor curve it will be seen that at 185 deg. fahr. register temperature one square inch of leader pipe will carry 215 B.t.u. per hr. The square inches of leader pipe for the third floor rooms is found as before. In plotting the curves, the average register temperature for any one floor Weis used in each case. It will be noted from the typical test data, that there is a considerable variation in register temperatures on any one floor. It is therefore evident that the size of the pipe as figured may not be absolutely correct in each case. It is not much in error, however, and in view of the large increase in pipe areas from one size to the next, the error is negligible for all practical purposes. It is quite evident that the design of a furnace heating system must be based on the B.t.u. loss per hour from each room. This method of computation is quite familiar to the engineer and can be used by any well-qualified furnace man, as fairly simple formulas can be made to cover most types of installation. It is found that the living room on the first floor of the house under consideration has a heat, loss of about 16,600 B.t.u. per hr. With a register temperature of 185 deg. fahr., each square inch of leader supplies 115 B.t.u. and the calculated area becomes -- 144 sq ;n which 116 requires either one 9-in. and one 10-in. leader, or a special 13)^-in. leader. Following is a table showing the heat loss in B.t.u. per hour from each room of the typical house Fig., 42 and the size of leader pipe as TABLE 48. HEAT LOSS DATA AND LEADER SIZES FOR A TYPICAL FURNACE PROBLEM FIRST FLOOR Room . B.t.u. Loss Size Pipe by per Hour Test Data Size Pipe by Install. Area Sq. In. Sq. In. In. Living room... ............................................ Dining room......... ^....................................... Kitchen.................................................. ........ Hall.................................................................. Toilet............. ................................................. 15,590 14,040 . 8980 11,810 2287 SECOND FLOOR Bedroom No. 1............................................. Bedroom No. 2............................................. Bedroom No. 3......................... ................... Bedroom No. 4......................... /............... Bath............................................... ....... 6990 8670 8335 7245 3254 144 121 78 103 19 44 54 52 45 20 1-9 and 1-10 12 10 12 8* 143 113 78 113 50 8 50 9 64 9 64 8 50 8* 50 THIRD FLOOR (assuming same rooms as second floor) Rooms same as second floor with 20 per cent greater heat loss............................. 1 8400 10,404 10,000 8700 3900 *No size used commercially less than 8-in. diameter pipe. 83 - 4Q 48 .47 40 18 8 50 8 50 8 50 8 50 8* 50 previously figured. The size leader that would be installed based on the results as figured and the actual areas of same are also given. Stacks are assumed of common commercial sizes as the plant from which the data were secured has the common commercial size stacks. These are approximately 0.7 of the leader area for the second floor, and 0.6 of the leader area for the third floor. Fig. 44. CurveI l. $ CurveE s X l IQOOOO-- v .170000-- g ^160000 -- ^45VOOO-- ^440000-- <0130000-- Furnace with Rectanqu/ai Return Duct Same Furnace t>ut with Lircufur r f 7 /Corve H t / / Aorvtzl / -P- / 4>jOOOQ.--^ v ^//OOOO & KXJOOO-- / c___ P / 90000 -- t ' ?f ) 30000 -- / iN70__0__0_0-- f/ 2/ -- r~ Vj 50000 -- 130 MO 160 180 Fquivalent Register Tamperaturr POO (Jhiverstty c>fIllinois____________________________ Curves Showing Relation of Capacity to Shape of Return Duct As test data are riot yet available on stacks and registers no attempt has been made to discuss the design of this part of the system. It is also assumed that all the preceding leaders are short and straight. The effect of long runs and elbows in leaders is being investigated in tests run on the auxiliary plant. EFFECT OF RECIRCULATING DUCT DESIGN ON FURNACE CAPACITY2 The followingdiscussion is a typical illustration of. the kind of information which the University of Illinois and the National Warm Air Heating and ^Abstract of article by A*jC. Willard. A. P. Kratz and V. S. Day in Sheet Metal Worker, January 19. 1923 based on tests made at University of Illinois and apply only where gravity circulation is used. ' 84 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTUATIN6 ENGINEERSGCTDEJ923 Ventilating Association are developing in the warm air furnace research work which is being carried on jointly by these two agencies at Urbana, Illinois. GENERAL STATEMENT One of the most interesting series of comparative tests which has been carried on in the warm air furnace research work at the University of Illinois was the investigation of the effect of the recirculating duct on the capacity of a gravity warm air furnace. The results are of special interest to the installer and house owner, and since these ducts may materially increase or decrease the heating capacity of any given furnace the furnace manufacturer should be equally interested. When the dif ference in design of two common types of recirculating ducts may affect the furnace capacity by as much as 22 pier cent, the details of these ducts, which account for the difference, become of vital importance to everyone connected with furnace installation. The only charge in the duct desigri, or in the entire plant, was to eliminate two right-angeled elbows in a rectangular duct with a vertical recirculated air inlet and substitute two 45 deg. elbows with a round duct and a horizontal recirculated air inlet. In fact, the round duct with the 45 deg. elbow developed its superior air passing capacity with a register grille of only 50 per cent free area at the inlet, whereas the rectangular duct inlet was without any grille at all. . ' DESCRIPTION OF PLANT AND TESTS The furnace plant Fig. 45 used in the tests was identical for both cases except for the changes necessary, . Fig. 43, in the recirculating system. The tests were made as follows: 1. A group of four tests was selected from previous work, for comparison. These tests were run on the plant, Fig. 45, described under the Main Plant in previous reports, and on pages 18 and 19 ot. Bulletin No. 120, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois. The essential features of this plant are shown in Duct A, Fig. 43. 2. A black iron inner casing was provided as in Group 1, extending from the recir culating duct connection to the top casing ring and spaced 1 in. from the outer casing. A series of capacity tests were run over a wide range of operating tem peratures, for this condition. The essential features of this plant are shown in Duct B, Fig. 43. RESULTS OF TESTS The results of the tests are shown in the curves of Fig. 44, in which the capacities (in B.t.u. supplied to the air per hour) are plotted on a register temperature basis; A marked increase in the weight of air, and incapacity Fig. 44 was shown to exist. The` round duct without the bad right-angle bends on the rectangular duct handled a much greater quantity of air. Table 49 contains a comparison of the two ducts, on a percentage basis, for three temperatures. It is significant to note that the improved duct has a center-line length of 11 ft. as against 14 ft. for 85 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSGBEE.1923 the rectangular duct. On the other hand, the improved duct was handi capped by having a register grill, whereas the rectangular duct had none. This has been found to be a' considerable handicap, amounting to 4 per cent of the furnace capacity at moderate register temperatures. The failure of the rectangular duct to handle the same quantity of air as the round duct may be ascribed to sharp right angle turns, greater length, and greater frictional surface for the same cross-sectional areas. TABLE 49. COMPARISON OF FURNACE CAPACITIES FOR TWO TYPES OF RECIRCULATING DUCT Air Temperature Average at Registers Capacity B.t.u. per Hour* Rectangular Duct Capacity B.t.u. per Hour* Round Duct Per Cent Increase Round Duct 130 (Low) 160 (Moderate) 190 (High) 62,500 97,500 136,000 71,000 116,000 167,000 13.6 19.0 22.4 These values were selected from the curves of Fig. 44. Capacity means B.t.u. (heat units) per hour added to the air as it passed through the furnace and measured at the furnace bonnet, just as the air enters the leaders. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE REGISTER ON THE RATING-AND CAPACITY OF A WARM-AIR FURNACE3 One of the most important objects of the research work of the warm air furnace heating investigation, which is now in progress at the University of Illinois, has been the determination of the factors affecting the rating of a warm air furnace. Every manufacturer and installer is vitally concerned with the basis upon which furnace ratings are determined. Most manufacturers are agreed that the square inches of leader pipe area which a furnace can supply is a satisfactory basis for expressing the heating capacity of a furnace. Unfortunately, this is not the end of the story by any means, as such a basis of rating is still indefinite, unless the air temperature at the registers is also stated. The real significance of this air temperature at the registers can be shown very easily by reference to any series of tests run at the University on piped furnaces. In fact, it is a very simple matter to show that a given furnace, connected to a. given system of leaders, stacks, and registers as shown in Fig. 45 can be made to develop several different heating capacities when operating with the same number of square inches of leader pipe area. It is only necessary to increase the draft, thereby burning more coal per square foot, of grate, and. as a consequence secure a higher air tempera ture at the register face. That the heating capacity of the furnace will be increased by such a procedure is obvious to anyone-, and it should be equally obvious that any attempt to express the rating of a furnace in square inches of leader pipe area means nothing unless the register tem perature is stated at the same time. 3From an article by A. C. Willard in the American Artisan and Hardware Record, December 30, 1022. 86 Fig. 45 Elevation of Piped Furnace Testing Plant--Note Alternative and Better Arrangement of Recirculating Duct in Fig. 46 87 'AMERICAN SOOETTOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GUfflE.1923 In order to illustrate just how important this item of air temperature at the registers really is, the results of three tests on the piped furnace plant Fig. 45 are presented in Fig. 47 and analyzed. Absolutely no changes were made in the furnace or plant during these tests. In the right hand half of the figure each inclined line represents one test; the lowest line Fig. 46. An Improved Recirculating Duct Which Increased Leader shows the results from a test with the air temperatures at the registers for the three floors averaging 141.2 deg. fahr., the middle line is taken from a test with an average register temperature of 175.8 deg. fahr., and the upper line represents the results of a test with an average register tem perature of 197.5 deg. fahr. The horizontal axis indicates the height of the register above the grate in feet, and the vertical axis gives the heating effect produced in the-room per square inch of leader pipe area. 88 . AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING & VENTILAIIN6ENGINEERSG0IDE19S For example, during the first or low temperature test, each square inch of leader pipe to the first floor registers supplied 50 B.t.u. per hr. for useful heating effects in the rooms, each square inch of leader pipe to second floor registers supplied 89 B.t.u. per hr. for useful heating effect in the rooms, and each square inch of leader pipe to third floor registers supplied 122 B.t.u. per hr. for useful heating effect in the rooms. At this time the draft was 0.05 in. of water and the combustion rate was 3.8 lb. of coal per sq. ft. of grate. By merely increasing the draft to 0.14 in. of water, the combustion rate in the second test increased to 5.6 lb. of coal per. sq. ft. of grate and the average air temperatures at the registers became 175.8 deg. fahr. This raised the useful heat carrying capacity of each square inch of leader pipe for the first floor from 50 to 103 B.t.u. per hr., for the second floor from 89 to 153 B.t.u. per hr., and for the third floor from 122 to 204 B.t.u. per hr. A further increase of the draft to 0.16 in. of water gave a still higher combustion rate of 6.5 lb. per sq. ft. of grate and correspondingly greater heat carrying capacities for each square inch of leader as shown in the apper curve of the right-hand half of Fig. 47. The left-hand half of Fig. 47 shows the air velocities in the leaders to each floor for each test. A glance at the curves (each curve represents one test) wjll show that the velocity and hence the quantity of. air de livered was materially increased each time the register temperature was increased, hence an increase in register temperature not only adds more heat to each pound of air supplied at the registers, but also increases the number of pounds of the hotter air which is supplied. In all cases the leader area was the same. It is also possible to determine exactly just what effect the changes in air temperature at the registers have had on the heating capacity of this furnace and plant. The first floor leader area is 4X113=452 sq. in., the second floor leader area is 2X50+2X64 = 228 sq. in., and the third floor leader area is 2 X 64= 128 sq. in., or a total of 808 sq. in. The free area of the furnace is 838.4 sq. in. Hence this furnace developed the following useful heating capacities (that is, heat supplied at registers for heating rooms to 70 deg. fahr.) in each of the three tests: Test Number 1. Register temperature = 141.2 deg. fahr. (Draft = 0.05 in. and com bustion rate = 3.8 lb. per sq. ft. of grates.) 452 X 50 = 22,600 . 228X89 =20,300 128X122 = 15,600 58,500 B.t.u. per hr. Test Number 2- , . - Register temperature = 175.8 deg. fahr. (Draft = 0.14 in. and com bustion rate = 5.6 lb. per sq. ft. of grate.)- 452X103 = 46,600 ' 228X153 = 34,900 128 X 204 = 26,100 107,600 B.t.u. per hr. 89 VENTILATING ENGINEERS GEIDE.1923 Test Number 3. Register temperature = 197.5 deg. fahr. (Draft = 0.16 in. and com bustion rate = 6.5 lb. per sq. ft. of grate.) 452X134=60,500 228X168 = 38,400 128 X243 = 31,000 . 130,000 B.t.u. per hr. By merely increasing the draft and combustion rate, the register temperature has been raised from 141.2 deg. fahr. to 197.5 deg. fahr., and the heat-capacity has been increased from 58,500 to 130,000 B.t.u. per hr., or an increase of 122 per cent, but the free area through the furnace, and the leader pipe area have remained the same. Fig. 47. Charts Showing Effect of Height of Register Above Grate Upon Velocity of Air Flow and Heating Capacity It should, therefore, be apparent that the rating of any furnace in square inches of leader pipe area means nothing unless the air tempera ture at the registers is also definitely stated at the same time. The pre ceding discussion is in no sense an argument against rating on the free area basis, but rather an argument to show the manufacturer and the installer the vital importance of fixing upon some standard register tem perature, so that ratings in square inches of leader pipe area will be definite and can be made comparable and understandable by both the manufacturer and the engineer. The Advisory Committee on Furnace Research of the National Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association has recently approved a maximum register temperature of 180 deg. fahr. for warm air furnace heating'systems. Every manufacturer of warm air furnaces should give this matter his careful consideration for the fixing of the register temperature places a definite maximum rating on each of his furnaces. 90 GAS HEATING GAS heating appliances may be divided into two general classes, namely those which discharge their products of combustion indoors and those which discharge their products of combustion outdoors, as follows: . 1. Products of Combustion Discharged Indoors a. Space Heaters {g> b. Gas Fired Steam Radiators. ((a) Radiant Type \(6) Convection Type 2. Products of Combustion Discharged Outdoors (1) Fireplace Heaters{$ ^>fSHeaters a. Localized_ {(a) Gas Fired Steam Radiators (6) Gas Fired Hot-Air Radiators \c) Garage Heaters (d) Stoves b. Central Plants w HtAir &1&S5 f (a) Hot Water (2) Radiation (6) Vapor ((c) Steam Unvented appliances are appropriate only in a limited way. The same is true of vented appliances for localized heating. Of central heating plants, the choice between the various systems is governed by the same considerations that affect the selection of coal burning apparatus. . EFFICIENCY The gross heating value of a gas is usually referred to in codes of regu latory bodies; most gas men also refer to the gross value when designating the heating power of their fuel. It is the basis upon which gas fuel is sold. Yet, some manufacturers of appliances, in rating their product,, have taken as a basis the lower net heating value. The distinction should be thoroughly understood when comparisons are made. For example for an Hypothetical gas, having a gross heating value'of 550 B.t.u. per cu. ft., and a net heating value of 500 B.t.u. per cu. ft., and Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by E. P. Bailey. Jr., Cleveland. and H. L.. fcx:kem'oth, San Francisco. Cal. Photos for this section were furnished through the courtesy of C. M. H. Kemchen, Cleveland, and the authors. 91 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILAIIN6 ENGINEERS GDIDEJ923 a gas steam boiler, giving an evaporation of 465 lb. of water (from and at 212 deg. fahr.) with a consumption of 1,000 cu. ft. of gas: . B.t.u. in steam lb. water x 970.4 E ciency -- B.t.u. in gas ~ cu. ft. x B.t.u. per cu. ft. 451,236 With gross value : gQ qqq = 82.04 per cent With net value 451,236 : 500 poo = 90.25 per cent Furthermore, it will be seen that the maximum efficiency possible, based upon the gross heat value of the above gas (without condensing 2the water vapor in the flue gas), would be -- , or 90.90 per cent. Efficiencies of 80 per cent based on the gross heat value of gas fuel, are obtainable in properly designed vented appliances. It should be remembered that the efficiency of a gas appliance in actual operation closely approaches that determined in laboratory tests. WASTE FROM USING GAS IN GOAL BURNING APPARATUS In coal stoves or coal furnaces the path traveled by the flame is short and the radiating surface is relatively small. For this reason, the use of gas in such stoves is always wasteful and will require about three times as much gas for the same heating service as would be required if the gas were used in a properly built natural-gas furnace. Even with perfect combustion in the fire pot of a coal stove or coal furnace, the waste will usually be about 75 per cent. Properly built natural-gas furnaces have a longer fire travel and much more radiating surface than coal furnaces, and are, therefore much more efficient.1 '' Hot air furnaces, designed for use either with manufactured or natural gas, are available in sizes ranging from 5,000 cu. ft. to 20,000 cu. ft. rated capacity. House heating boilers, of the cast-iron sectional type, designed especi ally for gas fuel, are available in single units ranging from 200 sq. ft. to 7,500 sq. ft. rated capacity (steam). Typical gas warm-air furnace and boiler are pictured in Figs. 48 and 49, respectively. RATINGS Gas appliance manufacturers have followed the custom established by coal appliance manufacturers in rating their product in terms of cu. ft. (warm air) and sq. ft. of radiation (water and steam). Gas appliance ratings in these terms are generally emperical, however; they are selected *" Waste and Correct Use oCsNatural Gas in the Home"; the Interior, Bureau of Mines; by Samuel S. Wyer. 92 Sec. 29. Technical Paper 257, Department of AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GDIBEK23 to conform in size with a coal appliance of equivalent power under ordi nary operating conditions. The capacity of a gas furnace or boiler is subject to much smaller fluctuations than a boiler employing solid fuel; the element of length of firing period does not enter into consideration; heating surfaces remain clean for longer period of time. Although most coal boilers are rated on an 8-hr. firing period (with anthracite coal and clean heating surfaces) for catalog purposes, the architect or heating engineer makes allowances for less favorable conditions when deciding upon appropriate equipment. Gas appliance manufacturers give to their product a rating comparable to that of a.coal boiler on the 8-hr. basis. In other words, where a 2,400 sq. ft. coal boiler would be chosen, a 2,400 sq. ft. gas boiler would gener ally be appropriate. It is a common practice for gas boiler manufacturers also to give their boilers a rating in terms of "Available B.t.u." (B.t.u. per hour available in the steam or water at the boiler outlets). - A gas furnace or boiler will show essentially the same capacity or efficiency with any gas fuel, provided steps are taken to furnish proper burner equipment and air regulation for each type of fuel. Most manu factured gases, although of lower heating'value than natural gases, if burned in sufficient volume, will produce equivalent results. The heat ing value of a mixture of gas and air (air jirst-sufficient to completely burn the gas) is almost the same for any typical commercial gas, as is shown in Table 50. 93 TABLE 50. VOLUME OF AIR REQUIRED FOR COMBUSTION OF DIFFERENT GASES* Gas BwT.U. PER Cu. Ft. Cu. Ft. Air to Burn Cu. Ft. Gas B.t.u. per Cu. Ft. of Mixture Carburetted Water Gas........ 1084 580 510 575 10.27 5.21 4.43 5.02 96.2 93.4 93.9 95.5 Thomson King, American Gas Journal, October 22, 1921. The fact that "more air is burned".with one fuel than another does not necessarily affect the efficiency with those particular fuels; the air required varies almost directly as the B.t.u. content of the combustibles. FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS HEATING It is a fact, based upon experience, that the user of a gas-fired central heating appliance uses more heat during the course of a year than he does when depending upon solid fuel. The pilot light of the gas-fired furnace or boiler is lighted on the first cool day of the season. Thereafter, the system generally operates entirely under thermostatic control; upon many days when very little heat is required to keep the inside tempera ture at 70 or 72 deg.r and when it would be considered impracticable to start a coal fire, the gas-fired appliance will be working. Furthermore, the gas unit can operate at maximum capacity hour after hour, without attention; in the coldest weather, then, premises do not cool below the temperature ordinarily maintained. Table 51 gives an approximate idea of fuel requirements in various climates, and is based upon a. heating season of seven calendar months: TABLE 51. FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS FOR DIFFERENT OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES Gas op 500 B.t.u. (Gross) per Cu. Ft.*____________________________________________ Cu. Ft. per Square Foot of Radiation Average Outside Temperature, October 1. to May 1 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Water....................... ........ 850 775 700 625 550 475 400 Vapor........................ 1080 985 890 795 700 605 510 Steam....................... 1380 1260 1140 1020 900 780 650 The figures are based on maintaining a temperature of 70 deg. fahr. over practically the entire house, for 15-hr. per day. . (Requirements for gases of other heating values vary inversely as the heating value; e- g., for natural gas of 1000 B.t.u., consumption per square foot is one-half that shown in table.) ' The requirements of individual installations may vary considerably from an average of several. Generally, stores, offices, factories or other commercial premises require less heat per season than do residential buildings provided with an equal amount of radiation. This is borne out on investigation of some actual installations. 94 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGBDJEflS CONDENSATION IN VENT PIPES An important point to care for in gas heating work is the ever present condensation resulting from the combustion of gas. To those who have had experience with gas appliances, it is hardly necessary to mention the eating out or deteriorating of the vent pipe, the water dripping from every joint, the scale and the corrosion forming at the joints. Ordinary galvanized iron vent pipe last from six months to a year and a half at the best, but makes a messy unsatisfactory installation from the start as the water or condensation is apparent from the first day the Fig. 49. Steam Heating Unit for House Heating Service appliance is put into service. In many cases the. interior of this pipe is painted with acid resisting paint, and while this adds somewhat to the life of the pipe, it does not in any way tend to eliminate the condensa tion. This applies also to copper pipe. Planished iron pipe also used, but is little better than painted galvanized iron pipe. In some cases the efficiency of the appliance has been dropped from 85 to 60 per cent, to allow for a greater heat or stack loss in an effort to vaporize and carry off the greater part of this condensation. This, how ever, is a very feeble effort to eliminate this-evil--tit being entirely at the expense of the consumer. , .- The solution of the problem is: First, to have a minimum of con densation and, Second, to carry this off, thereby eliminating practically all of the condensation "on the job." This was accomplished recently . 95 YENT1LAIIN6 ENGINEERS 6DIBEJ923 by lining ordinary galvanized-iron pipe with 1 in. of a patented, porous insulating material that will not disintergrate in water and withstands a temperature of 500 deg. fahr. or more. The result is that the interior of the pipe, being weli insulated, reaches a'maximum temperature in a comparatively short space of time, while the exterior is practically cold. This makes for a minimum amount of condensation. The small amount of condensation taking place during the first 5 or 10 min. that the appliance is lighted, is absorbed on the Fig. 50. Gas Fired Hot Water Heating Unit in Pacific Coast Manufacturing Plant surface of this insulating material, and then is evaporated and passed off in the form of water vapor as soon as the interior of the flue pipe has reached a temperature of 212 deg. In all cases a gas flue or chimney should be treated exactly the same as flues from oil, coal or wood burning appliances and should be carried to the roof of the building with a suitable top to make for a proper draught. Running a pipe to an outside wall and up 3 or 4 ft. does not make for a proper draught and in most cases causes a down draught. Therefore, this type of vent should never be used. 9G AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL UTOMATIC heat control, despite a popular impression that it is A a luxury, is one of the fundamental principles of life, and without its influence life on the earth would be impossible. The intelligent ap plication and control of heat in one way or another is a fundamental of civilization. It is almost impossible to conceive of any contact we have with any physical adjunct of civilization in which heat and the accurate control of heat has not had a major influence. Temperature control is achieved by preventing over-heating. It develops from this that automatic heat control in itself must always effect an economy. In order to be practicably useful, heating plants must be able to warm living spaces when extreme cold prevails outside. Extreme cold outside is rare, occurring perhaps during 5 per cent of the heating season. Unless it is held in check, the big, powerful heating apparatus which must be provided against the 5 per cent time, will overheat the occupants and waste their stored and perhaps irreplaceable fuel during 95 per cent of the heating season. NEED OF HEAT REGULATION By far the greatest number of heated rooms in the world probably have single direct radiators, and the tendency is for these radiators to be hot all over, or cold all over. Variations of many degrees in temper ature in 1 hr. are possible. With stoves or fireplace the intensity of the fire can be varied, as the cold outside indicates, but the grate must be big enough to burn the maximum amount of fuel, and even a grate or a stove is difficult to control for one-half or one-quarter capacity. Ventilated rooms, especially when fans are used, may have very rapid air changes, and the temperature variation may be many degrees in even 1 min. Herein lies the great opportunity for automatic heat control, preventing the unbearable sudden changes which cause drafts; promoting comfort and so promoting happiness; saving.waste; conserving limited visible stored fuel. ' It has come to be universally admitted that mechanically ventilated buildings must have automatic heat control. Every residence needs automatic heat control because shutting off a radiator or a register, which a persecuted occupant may sometimes do (he generally opens a window) has little if any effect on the remote fire in the heater, and fuel used for overheating always is wasteful. When buildings are heated from central stations, especially those using steam or vapor, automatic heat control is imperatively necessary, since heat must be available at all times in full power,.and it is beyond human Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by S. R. Lewis, Chicago. 111., who isindebted to G. H. Blanding. John Hornung. F. W. Powers, of Chicago, and C. W. Sweatt, Minneapolis, for their hearty and helpful cooperation* 97 [ AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSG0IDEI%3 ability to manipulate manual controlling apparatus with sufficient nicety to prevent overheating. . When gas or oil are used as fuel, automatic control of combustion is necessary in order that the fuel costs may not be prohibitive. With quickly responsive fuels such as gas or oil, automatic heat control ap plied to the burners is remarkably effective and its influence is especially noticeable. With coal as fuel and automatic control of combustion there is so much stored heat in the firebox that necessarily the volume of heat output lags behind the thermostatic influence of a change in dampers. Ashes, clinkers, etc., affect the intensity of the fire, but nevertheless the auto matic control is far superior in comfort and economy to manual control. Service hot water, no matter how it may be heated, constantly fluc tuates between a scalding temperature and an unsatisfactory lukewarm condition, unless controlled automatically. Temperature and humidity, or moisture content, are inseparably as sociated as factors of comfort and in nearly all industrial applications of heat. Automatic heat control becomes automatic humidity control as soon as the influence of evaporation can be applied. Thus a wet bulb thermometer indicates percentage of moisture, and a moistened ther mostat can be made automatically to regulate humidity. All systems of automatic heat control use thermostats. P.P. ther mostats are almost infinite in their variety. Solids and gases change in volume when influenced by temperature. Electrical conductors change in resistance when influenced by tempera ture. Thus there is one type of thermostat which consists of an ex pansible hollow enclosure containing a small amount of volatile fluid having a boiling point below the range of temperature to be controlled. This fluid, vaporizing under the influence of the temperature to which the instrument is exposed, develops a pressure proportional to the tem perature change. ' . There is another type of thermostat which has two pieces of metal of different characteristics so attached to each other that very slight tem perature changes will cause the assembly to bend in one way or the other, due to unequal expansion and contraction of the different metals. Another thermostat consists of a simple plate or tube of some organic composition having an especially high coefficient of expansion. In some cases the movement of the thermostat is transferred to a liquid in a tube, and as friction is slight under such conditions and as a liquid is nearly incompressible, valves or dampers may be operated. . In other cases the thermostat controls the opening or closing of a small valve, which in turn controls a current of compressed air. This com pressed air, by means of pressure diaphragms, operates valves or dampers, controlling the heat. Since there is no particular limit to the number or size or remoteness of the valves and dampers when compressed air is used, this helpful intermediary is commonly employed on all very large installations. 98 flMEMCAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSGEIDEgaV TWO DIVISIONS IN TEMPERATURE CONTROL There are two grand divisions in modern temperature control ap paratus. The simpler class is one in which the thermostat and valve are self-contained, without outside power. These devices are generally adapted particularly to individual applications. They control service hot water, and do it perfectly, whether by valves on the heating pipes or by dampers on the heaters, or by valves on the oil or gas supply pipes. They control all kinds of residence heating, usually by a thermostat on some representative room, with dampers on the heater or valves on the main supply from a central station. They control ovens, dryers, vats, etc., in industrial work. When coal-fired heaters are controlled, as for residences, it has been found exceedingly desirable that not only shall there be a thermostat in the heated space, but also that there shall be a thermostat in the heater or pipes, which, when the house is warm and has shut off, will still protect the combustion requirements by maintaining a limited temperature against the next demand. The first thermostat in the house is not far from human, but the combination of the two, you see, becomes almost superhuman. Automatic control of automobile cooling is one of the recent interesting developments, and is of very great value. It is usually applied by vary ing the volume of the cooling air. . The other and more elaborate class of temperature control apparatus uses some outside power. This is generally pneumatic, but may be electric or hydraulic, or may be by springs or weights. The thermostat controls the power, which, naturally, is practically unlimited. By the beneficient application of power, controlled by thermostats, many interesting things can be accomplished. For instance, by means of clocks, the temperature automatically is kept comparatively low at night and is raised for the day. In large buildings where many rooms are to be controlled, the cost for a central pneumatic system.is much less than that for so many individual units of the self-contained type. A small auto matically governed air compressor is used, and the air piping is usually installed while the building is under construction. It is possible for large buildings, such as.dormitories, having many similar rooms, to install an incomplete or partial system of automatic heat control, using for each general exposure or side of the building a single thermostat and cut-off valve. If consideration is given to this feature when designing the piping, the installation can be very simple and the results will be found decidedly worth while. It is notoriously true that such' buildings without automatic control will be too cold on the shady side if the general heating is reduced enough to keep the win dows closed on tl\e sunny side, and that open windows will follow the sun around if the general heating is accommodated to the shady side. Need we suggest that open windows and economy-are rtot compatible? Hot water radiators are rather slow to respond to manipulation of the circulation valve, <Lpe to the considerable storage of heat in the water. It used to be a hobby to put certain bedroom hot-water radiators in AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & (Bp YENTILATIN6EN6INEERS GCEE,B23> recesses, with doors in front of them, so that bedrooms could be cooled quickly at night aqd warmed quickly in the morning. Such an arrange ment has many advantages, and will' undoubtedly save fuel. Capitalizing this idea, there is now available a well-insulated radiator cover, carrying its own thermostat and shutters which will shut off the circulation of air and the radiation of heat without interfering with the circulation of the heating medium inside the radiator, and will control automatically the room temperature while also providing a more or less handsome radiator camouflage. There are highly specialized applications of automatic heat control,and in connection with the type which uses independent power there has developed a great field of manual remote control for distant valves and dampers, both pneumatically and electrically. There are also a number of instruments operating on different prin ciples, which will indicate continuously and accurately the temperature conditions at remote points. Co-ordination between the temperature requirement and the fuel consumption is not always possible' without some human interposition, and thus it is found that accurate arrange ments for temperature indication are a necessary auxiliary to automatic heat control. The occupants of a theater may be protected against overheating by one thermostat which controls dampers or valves so, that, when the room temperature reaches say 70 deg. cool air is introduced . If the theater is crowded the temperature will pretty surely increase, even if large volumes of air are introduced, and the thermostat will call for cooler air. But if air of more than a few degrees, say 10 deg., cooler than the air in the room is introduced, no matter what that temperature may be, drafts will result. Therefore an additional thermostat may be placed in the air duct outside of the room, set to receive power only after the first thermostat has called for cool air, and preventing the entering air from becoming cooler than a point which can be tolerated by the occupants. In large theaters which have artificial cooling, trouble has been ex perienced when the seats, particularly in the balcony, having a steep incline, are only partly occupied. The cool air provided for the seats which are unfortunately empty, being heavier, runs like so much water down the incline, striking the people in the lower occupied areas from' behind, and making them uncomfortable. It has been found possible by the judicious installation of a sufficient number of thermostats, to control the temperature of the entering air in zones so as to compensate to a great extent for this peculiarity. There is a large general office having tremendous floor areas distant from windows, and in which refrigeration has to be used for artificial cooling whenever the outside temperature is warmer than about 50 deg. There are a number of private offices having few occupants. The general open spaces, due to high intensity of occupation and many lights, require an entering air temperature so low in order to maintain comfort that the connecting and more or less open private offices get too cool. It happens that steam always is available, so that the thermostats in the private 100 YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GDIDEJ923) offices are permitted to turn on the steam as required, and the warmer the day, much to the surprise of the operators and to the comfort of the executives, the more steam there is in the private office radiators. This experience suggests that when artificial cooling is provided via refrigerated water in an air washer, instead of drawing through in the conventional manner, the supply fan should blow through the washer, with a bypass around it, giving two temperatures of air even in summer, from which mixing dampers controlled by thermostats in the various rooms or departments may draw, as required to promote comfort in each. Many refractory and even amusing cases might be cited wherein the thermostats have been located improperly. In hot water-storage tanks, for instance, thermostats have been condemned because they were in serted too close to the entering cold-water current, or were placed too near the heating coils. The thermostats invariably reflect truly the con ditions which exist exactly where the thermostats are placed. There are numerous cases, particularly in schools, where great build ings were regulated perhaps for years with much satisfaction, except for two rooms, one of which seemed always to be too hot, the other of which, "due to some bad or careless feature in the design," never re ceived enough heat. Eventually a true diagnostician discovered that the thermostat in Room A was connected to the damper in Room B, -and the thermostat in Room B was connected to the damper in Room A. Such a thing may happen very easily. Of course when heating the building first both rooms would take warm air until perhaps A having sunshine and a large number of occupants, arrived at 68 deg. first. The ther mostat dutifully called for cool air and cool air came pouring into B. The thermostat in B, being thus cooled, continued to ask for warm air, delivering it in quantities to A, already overheated. To militate against maladjustments in the connecting of the terminals, one progressive manufacturer, using electric motive power, covers his various wires and leads with insulation of different distinctive colors (same idea as Ford uses for ignition wiring). An interesting combination where central station steam supply is used is that of a pressure regulator with an electric cut-off valve, the thermostat acting to vary the pressure gradually or to shut it all off, as requirements may indicate. . Automatic control is applied successfully to prevent scalding from baths, and is particularly desirable in institutions for children and in institutions for mental afflictions, as the thermostats will cause the mixing of the warm water with the cold to deliver any desired combination. TESTS INDICATE VALUE OF AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL " There have been many tests to demonstrate the effect of automaticheat control. For instance, with an average outside temperature of 36 deg. it was found that with the usual sort of installation the thermostat 101 YENTILATIN6 EN6INEERSGCHJE.1923 would keep the heat shut off 21 hr. out of a possible 24, and that with an average outside temperature of 16 deg. the heat was on the radiator only a trifle more than 5 hr. per day. The savings in fuel to be gained by automatic-heat control are enorm ous. In many large institutions, such as universities, having central stations, high-grade supervision, meters, etc., the savings have been proved to equal one-half of the uncontrolled consumption. In one metered city club a saving of 27 per cent was made by installing automatic-heat control. This is after the two seasons were equalized for outside temperature. Of two similar office buildings, one having automatic-heat control, the other without it, both metered, during four years the automatic con trolled building used anaverage of 5561b. of steam per sq. ft. of radiation, while the other used 894 lb. of steam per sq. ft. of radiation, around 38 per cent to be credited to the control. f INSULATION . HEAT LOSS FROM UNINSULATED SURFACES HE determination as to whether pipes and other heated surfaces T should be insulated is made after a consideration of the heat loss from such surfaces if they are allowed to remain bare. The heat losses from bare pipes are given in Table 52, together with the number of pounds of coal required to produce these quantities of heat, and the cost of the same. Example.--Three hundred feet of bare 3-in. pipe containing steam at 10-lb. gage, and located in a room where the air is at 70 deg. fahr., will radiate 2.46X (239.4 -- 70) X300= 125,020 B.t.u. per hr. The correspond ing expenditure of coal is 3X3,292 = 9,876 lb. per month if steam is kept in the pipe continuously, and the value of the coal at $12 per ton is 12 ' $8.24X3X-^ = $74.16 per month. Fig. 51. Heat Transmission in B.t.u. Per Hour Per Square Foot of Covered Pipe (1 In. Covering) The heat loss from uninsulated flat surfaces or surfaces of large radius, such as boilers, feed-water heaters, heating and ventilating ductsJand flues, hot-water tanks, etc., is given in Table 53 in B.t.u. per square foot per hour per degree fahr. temperature difference. Pounds of coal used are given per 100 sq. ft. per month assuming continuous use of the 102 Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by L. L. Barrett and L. B. Mc Millan, New York. . . 103 -1 8O Is 5 S UH<in3 O2Oh 0$ < 03 _) H< ON2 o5 X oUso. OJ 1S J Eo Gage Press. T emp, j H ot W ater 10 L b. 80 L b. 324 .0 deg. fahr. j 120 L b . 160 L b . 370.7 deg. fahr. 200 L b. 200 L b . and 100 D eg. 275 L b . and 250 D eg. , Fahr. Superheat. F ahr. Superheat. 6460 12,220 13,720 16.890 20,200 24.300 27,600 30,920 34.240 37,800 45.000 51,550 58.500 65,050 72.000 85.500 93.300 106,000 119,000 664.3 deg. fahr. jq jad jjip jqej -Sap jad {B3uij jad n ra Wf-oOotOcrOjoOb-OooOoOooOiSQoOoe-^TT-oooinkOO cooo>u3eo^oo(0040>oo'4aooeo>-ico<oeo --CNOiCO^tQUicOf'.OOOaOC^'IChOh _UiO_O mOOe*d$ioO> leo^ spunoj SSOq SJBJJOQ uq jad *uip jqej *8ap jad leauq iad o va -"OUiJfiMClONQOiONOOO'I'iQ'SQ'OOOONOtDOOOwQOOOQiOO --DiCOO^COC4rr0iG0l0iO0c3DMt^COO-OV--MfNTtj>COOtOCCOO*-C*CQOiQC3r-0* O--OCo'l--Of-rt'O'o.CcOSsoNOoTejD<o<oOSo<OcNoOOosiOfol*O>-*oiOOo*O-Oi-OiC(N4C^'*e3oHefo ^*-i#^<`O*OQ0--'CO'*'00 iec>3 spunorf 8.60 3440 12.56 5026 17.94 7175 22.10 8825 26.64 10,650 31.60 12,640 35.90 14,360 40.10 16,040 44.05 17,620 49.35 19.740 57.50 23.000 66.25 26.500 74.75 29,900 83.50 33,400 97.50 39.000 109.30 43,700 119.40 47.740 135.00 54.000 151.20 60.500 1 487.9 deg. fahr. ssoq SJBIIOQ jq jad 'jyip jqej 'Sap iad rOO-OoQCo'J^COOc<4NOtScOOuTa-OiiOoOo--Do'Qxoj,oCuJoC'-OrH-`QQCOoOcOM3O->Ho>^-'t''-Cio'3ra> iBauq jad nva -i *-> n N eo P5 eo ^ oo -<--i co 2210 3230 4550 5600 6690 7945 9040 10,060 11,100 12,140! 14,420, 16.650 18,420 20,790 23,100 28,010 29.650 33,700 37,500 1 387.9 deg. fahr. l0 spunod ' ssoq SJBIJOQ jq jad -yip ' jqej Sap jad icauq Jad -n'Vfl COOOt>MO0N^C<OOU5'-N0>OCO>00 a^O>o0C^c)OK<'H--OHMT--j^,0N<<-^OnIo0CCM55M^NiS'ucC'^3o^r0CC>-CO4*tCo'CO44'V>*e^-0t4i-fiOo^UUOitf5--5t'0N*i0'NTcjoid'QOob'CoCOOwOl -- -'C'lC'ie'3COCO^r^'*0r't'-aOO-- 2010 2910 4165 5100 6100 7210 : 8200 9145 10,120 11,050 13,120 15,040 16,940 18,900 20,910 24,700 27,000 30,410 34,200 IBOO spunod ssoq sjeqoQ C>4OCN4^N't-C04O1<UO5a>OfClOQO<0QaOC'NC4OC<OCf-Q2:O.-iQ'O ot--^l^C^4'io^HaCoo4Ccq4OClfC-c<N5Cf-cOs'irl<'-^c>*0--<r-t0io0 u jq jad *jyip jqej -Sap iad 0U'05N*0-h"0>>OC0U(4<O-<MM<O0r-O0'hk'f<C*B0^OO0i00^<lSQ-0x')0jl,OOCC40a00 icauq jad n ra -- C^MOJCnCO-xJ,'*J'U5t^OOOOfNec 1805 2601 3710 4549 5460 6450 7322 8200 9025 9850 11,720, 13,480' 15,050 16.840' 18.690; 22,120 24,200 27,320 30,570 ToeJh jeo^ spunod o 8CO ssoq sjeifOQ <oieO^cfJnMNcfoSr-HcoQOQ'NcOorO~c>DO>--OOOQQ ^C'5XC,`*,Wt-`0CO jq jad `jjip jqej *8ap jad l3uit jad *n*v8 ori-CoMOoiC<oOo^ncrCsoSot>O>^To>rocoN(x8r-cC54Ooi^Cr^^NW'OCo--4'o^(i^No<-cToOt^Oo ,__,-iCte*CQ<'3CQ^<iat'X0-4C'3 1566 2290 3190 3910 4660 5550 6325 7075 7790 8500 10,110 11,640 13.030 14.500 16,100! 18,950 20.800 23.500 26.150 897 1305 1818 2142 2660 3292 3554 3950 4370 4790 5680 6470 7300; 8130, 8820 10,580 11,660 13,120 14,460 spunod SSCKJ 8JBJJOQ cN^CNro--oaoocooxot*oo'*i,ocoeioo-o*oQkOCO'*vOOtO'-^o' CQ>Ot-->-*e3tai>a-'C)Ot<'C4COtQ jq jad -jjip jqej -Sap jad Ot-rnCt0'Oa>'P<t5Q0'OtoO5QC<O*OOt-*eO,<tO'5^,Qt'Oo`GotOeO't-a0 C (eauq jad *n*VH ^*^_'C404e4C'3C'3^<^<tOf'-000 *OMo pjtQ spunod OC0O4 sscrj sjeqOQ C'J<C0'4`O<F03iaC^4>0900t<"0)|CN5'Nk>C-i0C('QICiOa|Q-'^?<,0Q0O-- CfCO4|iO(DflOOO0)'H^,(OSOOM(O<lOOCO .c . *jq jad jyip jq^j `Sap jad *TJ l^aui] jad *n`va ssXss^isrg*,*geOsssts"-sCOssCsOssess? ^H__,CvjC'JCt<NC0C*5Tj,iOa*Or-a0 spunod u COo sstn sjbijoq OCiOn4tO'S0N3--oi^O-`^iO^^tSXOcOt-iOICCOl'l5'N3*OCO'cQiroCQoCCoCO4OtO'"CQu'rOJ3O<Q0oni0Oc3oXef-0i0iO^0' cco-oNoe^>ixO'Hcro-c*oc`o0et^1goj h-hMCQCC^''"*^"'^^ ------- e?---------------------- uB. aN (7) X:-HXr-C;'JC4C'5CO'<J,X'*t,t0;t'i*<5=0;O5C;4-x;J`=G:O 104 o IrSct S co & o o I n th is table coal has been figured a t $4.00 per to n o f 2000 lb .. 13,000 B .t.u . per lb. o f coal; labor, boiler-room expense, etc., ta ke n a t $ coal fired a t $5.00 per ton. Boiler efficiency taken a t 70 per cent; a ir tem p. 70 deg. fahr. E xperim ental data obtained a t the M elton In s titu te . AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING <M^^ITMTILAT1N6 ENGINEERSGDfl)EjB23^ apparatus, 70 per cent boiler efficiency, and 13,000 B.t.u. per lb. The "dollars" column represents the money value of the coal used per 100 sq. ft. per month assuming coal at $4.00 per ton and boiler room expense at $1.00 per ton. TABLE 53. HEAT LOSS FROM UNINSULATED SURFACES Tempera ture Deg. Fahr. Heat Loss* B.t.u. Hot Air...................................................................... Hot Water................................................................ Steam, 10-lb. gage................................................ " 80 " " ...... ........................................ " 120 " " .......................................... " 160 " " ............................................... " 200 ............................................................. " 200 " " and 100 fahr. superheat 120 180 239 324 350 371 388 488 1.95 2.04 2.29 2.76 2.92 3.05 3.15 3.88 Lbs. Coalper 100 St. Ft. per Month Dollars per 100 St. Ft. per . Month 770 1780 3065 5545 6480 7250 7950 12,830 1.92 4.45 7.65 13.86 16.22 18.13 19.87 32.05 per sq. ft. per deg. fahr. temp, difference per hour. CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING MATERIALS The conductivities in B.t.u. per square feet per hour per inch thick per degree fafrr. temperature difference of the various insulating materials are given in-Table 54. It should be emphasized that in this table all variables due to differences in thickness, different pipe sizes, and different air conditions, are eliminated. TABLE 54. CONDUCTIVITIES OF VARIOUS INSULATING MATERIALS Den sity lb. per Cu. Ft. Con duc tivity Temp. Diff. which Conductivity was Determined Authority ' Year Asbestos Sponge Felted Wool Felt.......................... 85% Magnesia................ CaroceL. _ .................. Nonpareil H. P............... Plastic, 85% Magnesia AsbestoceL........................ Expanded Asbestos___ Indented............................ Molded Asbestos........... Air Cell................. ............. Vitribestos...... ................. Asbestos Fire Felt......... Corkboard......................... Hair Felt.-........................ 23.80 16.24 17.20 21.70 17.43 12.16 22.49 21.24 29.86 11.70 29.73 26.59 9.00 17.00 0.468 0.521 0.54 0.54 0.543 0.587 0.596 0.598 0.686 0.778 0.802 1.087 1.093 0.304 0.246 300 deg. fahr. 300 " * 300 " " 300 " " 300 /* " 300 " " 300 " " 300 " " 300 " " 300 " 300 " ' 300 ** " 300 " " 36 " " 36 * " Vol. 37, Trans. A. S. M. E., p. 968 Vol. 40. Trans: A. S. M. E.. p. 667 Vol. 37 Trans. A. S. M. E.. p. 968 - Vol. 26 A. S. H. & V. E. Journal, p. 625 1915 1915 1918 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1920 1920 HEAT LOSS FROM INSULATED SURFACES Fig. 51 gives the heat loss per square foot of pipe per hour of piping where the pipe is covered with 1 in. thick covering. Inasmuch as the heat loss per square foot of insulated pipe is somewhat dependent upon the pipe size it cannot be said that the data given by this figure is exact 105 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BEATING & YENTTLATIN6 ENGINEERS GUDE.023 for all pipe sizes, but it is known that it is sufficiently so for all practical purposes in the heating and ventilating field. These curves are exact for 3-in. pipe. Similar curves for flat surfaces and surfaces of large radius, such as boilers, tanks, heaters, and ducts, are given in Fig. 52. When coverings are used other than those for which curves are given reference should be made to Table 54 which gives the conductivities of the various materials. That curve should then be used which represents the covering the conductivity of which is the nearest to the conductivity of the covering to be used. If greater accuracy is desired, interpolation may be resorted to. Example--What is the heat loss through a pipe covering of conduc tivity 0.9 at 200 deg. temperature difference? The conductivity of air cell is 0.802, and that of vitrified air cell is 1-087. The heat loss through air cell is 132 B.t.u., that through vitrified air cell is 165 B.t.u., so the heat loss through the covering under consideration is given by A-132 0.9 - 0.802 165-132 ~ 1.087-0.802 or X = 143 B.t.u. per sq. ft. of pipe per hr. While 1-in. thick covering is economically sufficient for most purposes in connection with heating and ventilating piping, greater thicknesses should be used on all boilers, piping, tanks, etc., where high-pressure steam is used. Table 55 shows the thickness of covering required for maximum net saving with coal at $4 per ton. TABLE 55. THICKNESS OF COVERING FOR MAXIMUM NET SAVING WITH COAL AT *4 PER TON Pipe Size In. Hot Water In. 5 lb. . In. 100-200 lb. In. 200 lb. and 150 super heat In. Ki i m2 IK i i IK 2 3 ii22 6 i iK 2 3 12 i IK 2K 3K Flat iK 2 3 4 When coverings thicker than 1 in. are used .the losses vary consider ably for the different thicknesses and reference must be made to the hand books of the various manufacturers as lengthy tables are required for each thickness and kind of covering. RADIATING SURFACE OF PIPES In order to use the curves in Fig. 51 it is necessary to know the number of square feet of radiating- surface in 1 linear ft. of pipe. Table 56 gives this data for the various standard pipe sizes. ; 106 YENTILAIIN6 ENGINEERSGMDE.023 TABLE 56. RADIATING SURFACE IN 1 LINEAR FOOT OF PIPE Pipe Size In. K K l IK IK Surface Sq. Ft. 0.22 0.274 0.344 0.435 0.498 Pipe Size In. 2 2K 3 3K 4 Surface Sq. Ft. 0.622 0.751 0.917 1.047 1.178 Pipe Size In. 5 6 8 10 12 Surface Sq. Ft. 1.455 1.733 2.257 2.817 3.338 THICKNESS OF MAGNESIA COVERINGS Magnesia coverings are not made exactly 1 in. thick, but their thickness varies with the size pipe for which they are intended. This is done for the reason that it has been demonstrated that the larger the pipe the more economical it is in the long run to use a thicker covering. The thickness for different pipe sizes are given in Table 57. Fig. 52. Heat Transmission in B.t.u. Per Hour Per Square Foot of Flat Insulated Surface. (1 In. Covering) Coverings made in thicknesses as shown in Table 57 are known as Standard Thick coverings. Since these thicknesses do not vary greatly from 1 in., the curves of heat loss for 1-in. thick coverings in Fig. 51 can be used in the case of standard thick coverings without error dr practical TABLE 57. THICKNESS OF MAGNESIA COVERINGS FOR VARIOUS PIPE SIZES Pipe Size. In. l/i to 2 to 3K 4 to 6 7 to 10 12 incf. " " " " Thickness In. /k - i*. IK IK IK 107 ' AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YNTILATIN6ENfiINEERSfiDEll923] importance for heating and ventilating purposes. If great exactness is required it should be remembered that any increase in thickness over 1 in. will reduce the heat loss from that shown by the curves. HEATING CONDUITS When steam pipes are run between buildings they should be placed in some form of conduit and suitable insulation provided. The pipes must be supported so as to provide for expansion and contraction. Ex pansion of the piping must be carefully controlled by means of anchors and expansion joints or bends so that the pipes can never come in contact with the conduit. The anchors used are usually U-shaped steel straps which partially encircle the pipes and are firmly bolted to a short length of structural steel set in concrete. ' NINE IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT INSTALLATION In laying out conduits of this type the following points should be borne in mind: . 1. The conduit should be laid out in straight runs. - 2. Manholes should be provided at each expansion joint. . 3. Branches should be taken off at or near an anchor. 4. An anchor should be placed wherever the line changes direction. 5. An expansion joint or bend must be placed between each two anchors. 6. If the distance between buildings is less than 150 ft. and the steam line contains high pressure steam, it may be anchored in the basement of one building and allowed to expand into the basement of the second building. If the steam line contains low pressure steam (up to 4-lb. pressure), this method may be used if buildings are less than 250 ft.apart. 7. If the distance between buildings is less than 300 ft. and the steam line contains high-pressure steam, the lines should be anchored midway between the buildings and allowed to expand into the basements of both buildings. If the steam line contains low pressure steam this method may be used if buildings are less than 500 ft. apart. No manhole is required at the anchor, and a blind pit is all that is necessary. 8. For longer lines manholes must be located according to judgment and depending upon the expansion value of the type of expansion joint or bend that is uesd. The minimum number of manholes will be required when an expansiou bend or an anchor with double expansion joint is placed in each manhole, and the pipes are anchored midway between manholes. 9. Stabilizers to maintain alignment of pipes should be placed on each side of each expansiori^bend. 108 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGDIDE1923) STYLES AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONDUITS COMMONLY USED . . { Filler Type.--The pipes are supported on rollers placed in a steel frame, and the lower part of this frame is set in concrete, thus supporting the pipes independent of the conduit. The pipes' are protected by a split tile conduit and the entire space between the pipes and the tile is filled with an insulation filler. The conduit is placed on a bed of gravel or crushed rock from 4 to 6 in. thick, which is extended upward so as to come about 2 in. above the parting lines of the tile. A tile underdrain is placed beneath the conduit throughout the entire length and is connected to existing sewers led to some other point of free discharge. Insulated Tile Type.--The insulating material, which is diatomaceous earth, is molded to the inside of a split tile conduit. The pipes are sup ported on rollers placed in a steel frame. The space between the pipes and the insulating conduit lining may also be filled with an insulating filler. The conduit is placed on a tile base which also acts as an under drain. A few inches of gravel or crushed rock are placed about the con duit and the tile base. Sectional Insulation Type (Tile Conduit).--Each pipe is insulated in the usual way with any desired type of sectional pipe insulation over which is placed a jacket of standard asphalt waterproof roofing with cemented joints. The pipes are enclosed in a split tile'conduit which is placed on a bed of crushed rock or gravel from 4 to 6 in. thick. This gravel bed is extended upward so as to come about 2 in. above the parting lines of the tile. No underdrain is used with this conduit as any water seeping into the interior will flow down the bottom of the conduit to the nearest man hole. Drains are laid from the floor of each manhole to some point of free discharge. The pipes are supported on roller frames and these, ac cording to the type of conduit used, are either supported by the conduit itself or have their lower parts set in concrete thus supporting the pipes independent of the conduit. Sectional Insulation Type (Biluminized Fibre Conduit).--Each pipe is individually insulated and encased in a bituminized fibre conduit. The insulating material is 85 per cent carbonate of magnesia sectional pipe covering, applied in the usual manner as on overhead pipes, except that bands are omitted. After every fifth section of magnesia covering there is applied a short, hollow section of very hard asbestos material in the bottom portion of which rests a grooved-iron plate carrying ball-bearings upon which the pipe rides when expanding or contracting. This- short expansion section is of the same outside diameter as the adjacent 85 per cent magnesia covering. Over the pipe covering and expansion device there are placed two layers of bituminized fibre conduit with all joints staggered and the surface of each conduit finished with liquid cement. Conduits are placed on a bed of crushed rock or gravel, approxi mately 6 in. deep, and this is extended upward'to about the center line of the conduit when, trench is backfilled. Underdrains leading to points of free discharge are placed in the gravel or crushed rock beds. 109 Wooden Conduit.--Each pipe is enclosed in a tin-lined wooden casing. Sufficient space is allowed between ,the pipe and the casing to provide for the insertion of pipe guides or rollers which rest on the bottom of the casing. The casings are bedded in gravel or broken stone and one or more tile underdrains are laid beneath them. 110 INFILTRATION THE problem of inleakage or infiltration is always a serious problem confronting the heating engineer in figuring on the heating of any building. The cracks around windows and doors permit the entrance of cold air, dust, soot, rain, etc., and the amount of this inleakage is in proportion to the number and size of openings and its volume has been found to be in proportion to the wind velocity. In the construction of any building, it is necessary to build the brick, tile or stone work around the frame of a window or door. The frame being exposed, to rain and atmospheric conditions in addition to being in con tact with the mortar in the brick or tile work, absorbs moisture, which causes considerable swelling of the wood. Later when the building is plastered more moisture is absorbed. While the frames are in this swelled condition, the sashes are fitted, due allowances being made in fitting the sashes and doors for further swelling by the sash. To allow free operation of the sashes, a crack between the sash and frame of at least Tg in. is necessary, but very often a crack of }/g in. is made. When the heating plant is put in operation, the process of shrinking usually begins and continues for an indefinite period, and cases have been found, at the end of the second heating season, where the crack between the sash and the frame has been in creased to ^ in. in size. Assuming an average crack all around the sashes is only }z% in. the infiltration through a 3x7 ft. window would be equal to the volume of air that would pass, at a given velocity, through an orifice having an area of in., therefore the infiltration is directly proportional to the area of the crack aperture. This is fundamental and not conditional. As long as it is necessary for a building to have windows and doors for the purpose of light and ventilation, infiltration will be the first essential in- deter mining the size and operation of a heating plant. According to tests (See report of S. F. Voorhees in A. S. H. V. E. Guide 1922, and O. W. Armspach in Heating and Ventilating Magazine, April, 1916), the infiltration through a double hung window can be figured on a basis of 114 cu. ft., 55.8 cu. ft. and 24. cu ft. of air per hr. per lineal foot of crack (the last two are through metal weather strips of a different type.) '. The B.t.u. losses due to infiltration can be computed from the expres sion, Wp X I X 0.02 ( T\-- T0) in which Wp = Window crack perimeter / = Infiltration in cubic feet per hour per lineal foot of cracks Ti = Inside temperature ; T0 =Outside temperature * " " Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by E. P. Bradley, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. - ... Ill AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & THIS) YENT1LAT1W6ENGINEERSGDH)EJ9g3^ If it is desired to figure on a basis of the number of air changes the expression would be N Wv X Ih in which N = Number of air changes Wp = Window crack perimeter /h = Infiltration per hour per lineal foot of cracks C = Cubical contents The crack perimeter of a double hung window is four times the height, and three times the width of the lower sash. The perimeter of doors is the width plus the height times two, single casements the same, double casements twice the width and three times the height. COMPARISON OF FUEL QUANTITIES AND COSTS TO HEAT AIR ENTERING VARIOUS SLIDING SASH WINDOWS, AS AIR INFILTRATION OR INLEAKAGE. ASSUMING 85 PER CENT OVER ALL EFFICIENCY OF HEATING PLANT Window, 3x7 ft. Crack, 23 lin. ft. Wind, 20 miles per hr. B.t.u. to raise 1 cu. ft. air from zero to 70 deg., 1,439 B.t.u. per lb. best coal, 13,080 Duration heating season, 130 days Cost coal, $6.00 per ton Overall efficiency of heating plant, 65 per cent (high) Net B.t.u. = 13,080 X 0.65 = 8500 B.t.u. effective leakage. A. Unstripped window, 114 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack B. Plain Rib Strip (3 miles), 55.8 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack C. Metal Weather Strip, 24 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack A. 23 X 114 X 1.439 = 0.445 lb. coal per hr. 8500 0.445 X 24 X 130 2000 1385 2000 = 0.694 tons per season $6.00 X .694 = $4.16 per season B. 23 X 55.8 X 1.439 8500 = 0.218 lb. coal per hr. 0.218 X 24 X 130 680 = 0.34 tons per season 2000 " 2000 $6.00 X .34 = $2.04 per season C. 23 X 24 X 1.439 _____ ,, ,, ,t . -------------ggOQ------------ = 0.0935 lb. coal per hr. 0.0935 X 24 X 130 292 ------------ 2000 --------------- 2000 = 0.146 tons per season $6.00 X 0.146 = $.875 per season ^ 112 ' Fuel cost per window-- . Without weather strips........ ............................. With Rib strip....................................................... With metai adjustable....................................... $4.16 2.04 .875 Fuel saved with-- Rib strip................................................................... Metal adjustable.......................................... ;....... Metal vs. Rib......................................................... $2.12 3.285 1.165 The above is based on infiltration on windward side of building. Room, 15X15X10=2250 cu. ft. Wall, 300 net = 264 sq. ft. Crack Aperture, 42 ft. Glass, 36 = 36 sq. ft. Ceiling, = 225 sq. ft. Two windows, 3x6, crack aperture, 2 x 21 ft. x ^ in. Wind velocity, 20 miles per hr. . . Infiltration per Hour per Foof of Crack Wall....... ............................................................ No. Strip ' 114 Cu. Ft. 5540 B.t.u. 2520 " 6900 " 4725 " 19,685 B.t.u. Rib Strip 55.8 Cu. Ft. 5540 Bit.u. 2520 " 3375 " 4725 " 16,160 B.t.u. Metal Strip 24 Cu. Ft. 5540 B.t.u. 2520 " 1450 " 4725 " 14,235 B.t.u. With equal consumption and radiation, inside temperature would be as follows: ' 4 19,685 B.t.u. 60 deg. inside 240 rad. eff. 59 sq. ft. rad. 38 in., 2 col., 0 deg. outside 16,160 B.t.u. 240 rad. eff. 65 deg. inside' 59 sq. ft. rad. 38 in., 2 col., 0 deg. outside 14,235 B.t.u. . 240 rad. eff. 70 deg. inside 59 sq. ft. rad. 38 in., 2 col.. 0 deg. outside 113 ' PIPE IN the present era of large-scale developments accompanied by intensive application of engineering principles in many of the basic industries, it has become increasingly important to give more study to the charac teristics and properties of the materials entering into the structure and maintenance of their various contributing units. This is particularly true of pipe lines which often bear an important relation to efficient and economical operation. STEEL PIPE During the past twenty years in particular there has been a remarkable development in the wrought tubular industry, including the tonnage used, the capacity of mills, diversity of pipe service, and improvements in the material itself. The factors which control the characteristics and properties, and thus produce the wonderful improvement in various tubular materials, are the facilities of the manufacturer; the special processes supplementing the fundamental ones; the availability and quality of raw materials; the ideals and skill of the jnen in the organization--their capacity for genuine accomplishment. Among the many evidences of this trend are: the improvements effected in the quality of the material, production of cer tain sizes of pipe up to 40 ft. lengths, diameters up to 96 in., a complete line of tubular products, full standard weight pipe, and marking with the name, are representative of the progressive attitude taken in the manu facture of wrought pipe. The increasing demands of the oil industry, which consumes nearly one-half of the pipe made, has been a stimulating factor in respect to improved quality. Among the improvements none have received greater attention than the efforts to produce a uniform quality of steel. To secure and maintain uniformity, necessitates complete control of all materials and manu facturing operations--from ore to finished product. This practice - of producing uniform pipe and steel and its fabrication into finished tubular products is supplemented by a mechanical process of roll-knobbling, to make the metal more uniformly dense when there is any tendency to physical irregularity in this respect. Another condition which gives rise to electrolytic centers and pitting is the presence of irregular areas of heavy welding-scale on the surface of the finished product, caused by oxidation at the high temperature of welding. This scale is strongly electro-negative to iron, like copper, and should therefore be removed. For a number of years efforts have been directed to accomplish this object and a scale removing process has finally Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923. the part on Steel Pipe being con tributed by F. N. Speller, Pittsburgh, that on Wrought lron Pipe being the work of N. Bowland, Pittsburgh, and that on Copper and Brass Pipe being compiled by J. F. Gowen, W. A. Willis, W. G. Schneider, and H. H. R. Spofford, of the Copper and Brass Research Association, New York. ^ 114 been worked out, which is in effect a further application of the process of laterally working the steel above mentioned, but in this process the work is applied to the hot pipe in the finishing operations at a temperature below the welding heat. When the skelp has reached the proper tempera ture for welding, it is drawn through the customary type of welding bell forming an unfinished pipe of larger size than is usual. The pipe is then held on a cooling table until the temperature is reduced to about 1800 deg. fahr. It then passes through a series of rolls where it is reduced in size and elongated. These rolls reduce the pipe to its correct finished size. The reduction in the size of the pipe which it receives in passing through the series of rolls cracks the hardened welding-scale from both the interior and exterior surfaces of the pipe, leaving them clean and smooth. After a pass through a set of cross rolls, to take care of any straightening that may remain to be done and to give the exterior a smooth, clean finish, the pipe is taken to a tank of water where it is dipped, lifted to a slanting position and the water allowed to rush out, carrying with it the loose scale from the pipe. Certain sizes have the loose scale blown out by a blast of compressed air instead of being dipped in the water. The advantages of scale-free pipe are, its clean, smooth surfaces present an ideal base for the adherence of a galvanizing coating--full working capacity is assured, the interior being free from any obstructions tending to reduce the flow. This is important in heating and other piping work. Troubles caused by the deposit of scale in valves and strainers, and other apparatus, are practically eliminated, while pitting by corrosion is materially reduced. These improvements naturally give rise to the thought that a longer life might reasonably be expected from the pipe under certain conditions, and while this has been the object of most of the research, experiments and perfection of processes, considerable improvement has been attained in this respect, the fact still remains that the life of pipe is governed largely by installation conditions, and no matter how well made or uniform the pipe may be, the life of pipe, particularly under severe cor rosion conditions; such as, hot water supply lines, boiler feed and return lines, is limited, and some protective measures are necessary to secure a longer life. ' For some years past considerable research and experimental work has been carried on to determine the causes of failure in pipe lines, and to ameliorate the effects of corrosion; to investigate unusual conditions of service, and to determine a practical means of corrosion prevention. The electrolytic theory of corrosion as formulated in 1903 by Dr. Whitney has led to the development of certain protective systems which are based on the removal of dissolved oxygen from water. Careful ex periments in various research laboratories ihave demonstrated that the amount of corrosion found is almost directly proportional to the amount of oxygen in solution, and varies directly as the temperature. The predominating influence of free oxygen in water was suspected before this, as a result of the early study of pipe corrosion, for the most striking 115 fact in practical pipe experience is that hot-water-heating, systems in variably showed no corrosion to speak of after 35 or 40 years' use; where as, frequently, hot-water-supply systems operating at the same average temperature, with the same water lasted less than half this time. That this was independent of whether the material was iron or steel was fully demonstrated by many service tests which were conducted for a period of more than ten years, in which representative pipes of each class were installed alternately in hot-water lines. Size TABLE 38. STANDARD PIPE--BLACK AND GALVANIZED* All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Diameters Weight per Foot Couplings Test Pres sure in Pounds E x te rn a l In te rn a l Thickness Plain ends Threads and couplings Threads per inch D iam eter i Length W eight B utt Lap U 3X 6 9 11 15 0. D. 17 o n. 20 0. D. .405 .540 .675 .840 .269 .364 .493 .622 .068 .088 .091 .109 1.050 1.660 1.900 .824 1.049 1.380* 1.610 .113 .133 .140 .145 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 .154 .203 .216 .226 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 4.026 4.506 5.047 6.065 .237 .247 .258 .280 7.625 8.625 8.625 9.625 7.023 8.071 7.981 8.941 .301 .277 .322 .342 10.750' 10.750 10.750 11.750 10.192 10.136 10.020 11.000 .279 .307 .365 .375 12.750 12.750 14.000 15.000 12.090 12.000 13.250 14.250 .330 .375 .375 .375 16.000 17.000 18.000 20.000 15.250 16.214 17.182 19.182 .375 .393 .409 .409 .244 .424 .567 .850 1.130 1.678 2.272 2.717 3.652 5.793 7.575 9.109 10.790 12.538 14.617 18.974 23.544 24.696 28.554 33.907 31.201 34.240 40.483 45.557 43.773 49.562 54.568 58.573 62.579 69.704 76.840 85.577 .245 .425 .568 .852 1.134 1.684 2.281 2.731 3.678 5.819 7.616 9.202 10.889 12.642 14.810 19.185 23.769 25.000 28.809 34.188 32.000 35.000 41.132 46.247 45.000 50.706 55.824 60.375 64.500 72.602 80.482 89.617 27 18 18 14 14 llH UK 1W ll H 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 .562 .685 .848 1.024 H 1 im 1H 1.281 1.576 1.950 2.218 IH 2$i 2.760 3.276 3.948 4.591 2H 2H 3 3H 5.091 5.591 6.296 7.358 3M 3M 4H 4M 8.358 9.358 9.358 10.358 4H 4H 4H !>H 11.721 11.721 11.721 12.721 6K 6H 6H 13.958 13.958 15.208 16.446 6W 6H ax 17.446 18.683 19.921 21.921 6Mi VH VH .029 700 .043 700 .070 700 .116 700 ...... - .209 700 .343 700 .535 700 1000 .743 700 1000 1.208 1.720 2.498 4.241 700 800 800 -- 1000 1000 1000 1000 4.741 5.241 8.091 9.554 ......... .. .........- 10.932 13.905 13.905 17.236 ..... ........ .............. ..... 29.877 29.877 29.877 32.550 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 800 1000 900 600 800 900 800 43.098. 43.098 ............. 47.152 59.493 ....... - 63.294 90.941 108.672 120.187 600 800 700 700 600 600 600 500 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. . Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Taper of threads is K-in. diameter per foot length for all sizes. , f TM r. - , The weight per foot of pipe withthreads and couplings is based on a length of 20 ft., including the coupling, but shipping lengths of small sizes will usually average less than 20 ft. ' All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. On sizes made in more than one weight, weight desired must be specified. From National Tube Co.'s .'`Book of Standards." 116 All reliable data on this subject indicate that the composition of the iron--i.e., the varying amount of carbon, phosphorous, manganese, sulphur, silicon, oxides, slag and copper usually found in wrought iron and soft steel--makes very little difference in the amount or character of corrsion under water, although under atmospheric exposure the influence of com position is sometimes quite marked. . In practice, oxygen removal has been accomplished in two ways, namely; by de-aerating the water mechanically; and by fixing the free oxygen by chemical combination. Suitable apparatus is now being manufactured for this purpose. TABLE 59. EXTRA STRONG PIPE--BLACK AND GALVANIZED* All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Size Diameters External Internal Thickness Weight per Foot Plain Ends Test Pressure in Pounds Butt Lap y& y* % A % l m m 2 2^ 3 3H 'i 4K 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 O. D. 15 O. D. 16 O. D. .405 .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 11.750 12.750 14.000 15.000 16.000 .215 .302 .423 .546 .742 .957 1.278 1.500 1.939 2.323 2.900 3.364 3.826 4.290 4.813 5.761 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.750 10.750 11.750 13.000 14.000 15.000 .095 .119 .126 .147 .154 .179 .191 .200 .218 .276 .300 .318 .337 .355 .375 .432 .500 .500 .500 .500 .500 .500 .500 .500 .500 .314 .535 .738 1.087 . . 1.473 2.171 2.996 3.631 5.022 7.661 10.252 12.505 14.983 17.611 20.778 28.573 38.048 43.388 48.728 54.735 60.075 65.415 72.091 77.431 82.771 700 700 700 700 700 700 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2500 2500 2500 2000 2000 2000 2000 1800 1800 1800 1500 .1500 1500 1200 1100 - 1100 1000 1000 1000 The permissible variation in weights is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with plain ends and in random lengths unjess otherwise ordered. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given tn inches. ' In addition to the above test, on sizes J^-in. to 1-in. inclusive, the pipe is jarred with a hammer while under pressure. *From National Tube Co.'s "Book of Standards." 117 AMERICAN SOOETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS G0IDEt923 WROUGHT IRON PIPE Wrought iron pipe is generally designated by the word genuine when the product referred to is that produced by the puddling process and its cost is from 30 to 60 per cent higher than steel pipe, depending upon its size. In the average heating, plumbing or power piping system the cost of pipe is about 10 to 20 per cent of the installation cost, with the remain ing cost covering the items of fittings, valves, installation, shop costs, supervision and overhead. . TABLE 60. GENUINE WROUGHT IRON PIPE, BLACK OR GALVANIZED All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Size diam., in. diam., . in. Std. wt. plain ends, lbs. per ft. ` Outside diam.. in. Couplings Length, in. Weight. lbs. Buttweld Buttweld and Lapweld Lapweld X X H H 1 IX lX 2" 2X 3 3X 4 4X 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 12 Standard . .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 .367 .489 .617 .819 1.043 .424 .567 .850 1.130 1.678 1.660 1.900 1.369 1.604 2.272 2.717 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 10.750 10.750 11.750 12.750 12.750 2.060 2.460 3.059 3.538 4.016 4.496 5.036 6.053 7.010 8.059 7.967 8.927 10.181 10.124 10.005 10.985 12.077 11.985 3.652 5.793 7.575 9.109 10.790 12.538 14.617 18.974 23.544 24.696 28.554 33.907 31.201 34.240 40.483 45.557 43.773 49.562 .750 .968 1.078 1.312 1.656 1.984 2.281 2.750 3.312 4.031 4.500 4.968 5.531 6.281 7.375 8.375 9.406 9.406 10.687 11.937 11.937 11.937 12.937 13.875 13.875 1.000 1.343 1.343 1.531 1.718 2.062 2.312 2.500 3.125 3.125 3.687 3.687 4.218 4.125 4.156 5.000 5.000 5.000 6.375 6.750 6.750 6.750 6.750 6.750 6.937 .059 .156 .168 .243 .425 .631 .884 1.100 2.100 3.025 3.900 4.200 6.200 8.250 10.800 14.650 16.250 16.250 33.700 42.900 42.900 42.900 45.900 49.100 49.100 Buttweld Buttweld andLapweld X % X X 1 ix IX 2 2X 3 3X 4 4X = 5 6 7 89 10 12 ^ Extra Heavy .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 .295 .417 .539 .735 .949 .535 .738 1.087 1.473 2.171 1.660 1.900 1.269 1.491 2.996 3.631 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 12.750 1.929 2.311 2.887 3.350 3.811 4.275 4.797 5.743 6.603 7.604 8.604 9.729 10.729 11.729 5.022 7.661 10.252 12.505 14.983 17.611 20.778 28.573 38.048 43.388 48.728 54.735 60.075 65.415 .843 .968 1.109 1.406 1.656 2.094 2.375 2.937 3.531 4.187 4.750 5.250 5.671 6.375 7.500 8.625 9.500 10.687 11.937 13.875 1.250 1.343 1.500 2.125 2.375 2.750 ` 2.750 3.625 4.125 4.250 4.437 4.437 4.375 5.000 5.437 6.250 6.250 6.375 6.750 6.937. .125 .156 .200 .460 .625 1.150 1.300 2.400 4.250 5.200 6.900 7.500 7.700 10.850 15.500 24.300 24.000 33.700 42.200 49.100 118 VENTILATING ENGINEERSGDIDE,023 TABLE 60. GENUINE WROUGHT IRON PIPE, BLACK OR GALVANIZED--Continued 1 I Size [ Outside diam., in. Inside diam., in. Std. wt. plain ends, lbs. per ft. Outside diam.. .in. Couplings Length, in. Weight, lbs. Double Extra Heavy Buttweld X X 1 ix .840 1.050 1.315 1.660 .226 .413 .576 .874 1.714 2.440 3.659 5.214 Same as for Extra Heavy Buttweld and Lapweld ix 1.900 1.078 6.408 Same as for Extra Heavy Lapweld ' 2 2.375 1.480 9.029 2X 2.875 1.742 13.695 3 3.500 2.270 18.583 3X 4.000 2.697 22.850 4 4.500 3.119 27.541 4X 5.000 3.546 32.530 5 5.563 4.028 38.552 6 6.625 4.857 53.160 Same as for Extra Heavy . Permissible variation in weight is 2}4% below and 5% above. Standard pipe furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths; extra heavy and double extra heavy with plain ends, and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Extra heavy and double extra heavy pipe fitted with threads and couplings at an extra charge above regular. Expansion of Wrought Iron Pipe Initial Increase in Length per 100 Ft. when Heated to Temperature 160 180 200 212 228 240? 250 259 267 274 Zero, in. 32 in. 64 in. 1.28 1.02 0.77 1.44 1.18 0.93 1.60 1.34 1.09 1.69 1.43 1.18 1.82' 1.56 1.31 1.92 1.66 1.41 2.00 1.74 1.49 2.07 1.81 1.56 2.13 1.87 1.61 2.20 1.94 1.69 Water 5 10 15 20 25 30 A Hot Water Boils lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Wrought iron pipe expands, in inches, per 100 ft.. 4/5 of the increase in temperature of steam or water it is subjected to. over the temperature at the time of installation, divided by 100. Example.--Temperature when installed. 32 deg., 10 lb. pressure =240 deg., difference 208 deg.. 4/5 of which equals 1.66 in. expansion per 100 ft. When it is recalled that a pipe failure may cause the loss of the first investment and .may also be accompanied by costly repair bills on in terior walls, floors and decorations it is important to choose pipe which will give the maximum assurance of long life. In ordering genuine wrought iron pipe a specification that is frequently used is as follows: . . .. Manufacturer's Name or "Brand"; or Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe. . ' Finish: (Black or Galvanized) . . --- Weight: (Full Standard Weight, or Extra Heavy Weight) Nipples: Must be made up from genuine wrought iron specified for pipe, of the'same quality, weight, and finish as for the latter. . 119 ' AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILAT!N6LNGINEERS GUIDE,t%3; In accordance with established practice of manufacturers of genuine wrought iron pipe it is sold with the guarantee somewhat as follows: (1) All pipe is guaranteed to be made of genuine wrought iron aggregated from a solidifying mass of pasty particles of highly refined metal which, without subsequent fusion, are incorporated with a minutely and uniformly distributed quality of silicate slag. COPPER AND BRASS PIPE Copper and brass tubing are commonly stocked and supplied by manufacturers and distributors in sizes varying from y% to 10 in. o. d. and in gages from 2 to 25 B & S and Stubbs. Copper and brass piping are stocked and supplied in regular and extra heavy iron pipe sizes. Both tubing and piping are usually stocked in 12 ft. lengths, and can be obtained in lengths from 2 to 20 ft. or more if required. ... . .. The use of brass piping for water supply service is widely increasing in the domestic, institutional and industrial fields, and the growing interest in its use and application is primarily due to the wider public knowledge of the economic and engineering advantages of brass in pipe, pipe-fittings, plumbing and heating installations. The serviceability and usefulness of brass piping is due principally to its inherent resistance to corrosion. An outstanding example of its use and field is afforded by the general employment of brass piping and fittings in boiler feed lines throughout, from meter or hot-well to pump, to feed-water heater to boiler, as well as in circulating and drip systems. Corrosion is caused by the chemical interaction between the oxygen of the atmosphere and the metallic surfaces. This type of corrosion or oxidation is universal and is the chief cause of the deterioration and decay of metals and alloys used in engineering. Other types of corrosion or chemical decomposition frequently occur and are very often due to the interaction of acids on the metals, the latter replacing the hydrogen constituent of the acid to form a metallic salt. . The chemical corrosion of metals is greatly accelerated by temperature, and the degree of activity depends on the nature of the metals themselves. Brass, which is a mixture of copper and zinc, the copper greatly pre dominating, is incomparably less active from a chemical point of view than the irons and steels, and does not rust or oxidize at anything like the rapidity under ordinary exposure to the atmosphere. In cities sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide arid other ingredients which may be looked upon as accidental, also have a distinct corrosive influence on the materials of engineering. The affinity of iron for oxygen, which may be looked upon as the chief factor of cor-, rosion, is apparent to the most casual observer in the rust developed, which is evident on every hand. That this activity of corrosion is greatly accelerated by an elevation in temperature, is readily seen in the black smith shop, where iron oxidizes to from a heavy scale in the short time that elapses between tbte forge and the hammer. 120 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & Not so with brass. Its oxidation is slow and years of exposure are re quired to effect a noticable corrosion. Metals may be subjected to air, water, sulphurous fumes, nitrogen, hydrogen and free carbon dioxide. The nitrogen is inert, but the oxygen and free or half-bound carbon dioxide in the presence of moisture exercise a distinct corrosive influence, the latter exhibiting, with water, the corroding effects of a weak acid. Iron or steel under these exposures are incomparably more subject to attack than brass, a fact demonstrated by daily experience and extensive research in the laboratory. . Internal corrosion, accelerated by higher temperatures is most to be feared and is often the determining factor in endurance. We often see an old iron pipe that is pitted completely through at certain points, due to this action. The proof of this assertion is shown in the more rapid cor rosion of hot-water piping than cold. In cold water piping the tempera ture of the water restrains the chemical interaction, but gases released at points where a partial vacuum obtains, still exercise a corrosive effect. . The iron oxides have a much greater volume than the metallic iron from which they were originally derived. A in. pipe, would be entirely closed up when only 1/27 of the thickness of its wall would have been converted into oxides, and in a 1 in. pipe only 1/40. This results in "wire drawing" and greatly reduces the volume of the stream at outlets and leads to complaints that the pressure is abnormally low, whereas the real source of trouble is in excessive interior corrosion. Baass piping is immune to this type of. corrosion, and always delivers water free from discoloration or rust. Due to its maintenance of a smooth, unrusted interior, full flow and pressure are continued throughout the life of the system, and piping friction losses are kept reduced to the minimum. Under, conditions usually obtaining, good quality brass piping and fittings will satisfy all requirements. The architect engineer or contractor should by all means require that piping and fittings be supplied by a reputable dealer, the product of a reputable manufacturer. Certain known special conditions of corrosion may require special mixtures, in order to obtain for the piping system the longest life. Among such instances might be mentioned salt water service, for which a universal recommendation is "admiralty" mixture (70 per cent copper, 29 per cent zinc, and 1 per cent tin.) Where unusual factors of corrosion are present, the engineer or contractor should heed the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer. In all cases, pipe fittings should have approxi mately the same composition as the metal of the pipe itself. - Brass pipe lends itself to economy in the labor costs of installation. It can be readily cut, bent, threaded and otherwise machined. At screw joints the threads do not corrode out at the roots and cause leaks, -and such joints can, if necessity arises, be remade without injury to the pipe. If a building equipped with brass piping is torn-down, the old piping and fittings can be used again or sold for a high scrap value. The accompanying Table 61 gives weights and sizes for copper and brass tubing, in iron pipe sizes: T A B L E 01. W E IG H T S A N D M E A S U R E M E N T S O F S E A M LE S S BRASS A N D C O PPER T U B E . IR O N P IP E SIZES. R E G U L A R A N D E X T R A H E A V Y ________________ . o>o ^OJ< CM CO ** >wONO*s Os oo to cn CO -- CO cm r-oJ< CIO 5 X OO i X lONfO CCMS^hCcMOOCOC0M0 Ol CM ^*--ICM cow <|-<00N ' o>oc CM C CM cm" rji T| ,ggg t> q cm -* ` *--^r>-^-.<J>qCcMM-4 COCO CO CO * --CMt- CM- Tf CM CM * r-nooc oo .-- .-- rlo>oooo--'f CM CM --i -- * CM CM -' CM S MO J COOCM-* CM X mnocoh -- 00 <hiQMoo>CMN CMrf-C --O+ r- 0^0 STf-Tf ~ CM . CO 03 f CMOO ^ rtOt* CM CMc- 'a* oo -*- HtOHN to oo r CM CO O -h ''* ` CM CM o CM CO CO F- t-r* co coco *-> COCO --< 800--* CM CO CO c&ooocooo a o*- CM if O _cq ~4<-CM t^CO l--<CO -<f CO CO CM nocoo HfiONM1 Tj> cm cm O <roo rn -< ci CM t- ' g sw -< W51C^M! cm oo--< OS'O'^S OGQ 0'f0rC'MO'CM OCM ** O2C --*-4 CM lo-- MN'O'J'M IOC<MC 0*CM--3< .--O s-oo tfCM*-i to oo ; VoJ CM v-K* 00 r- CO i t~ C3 CO \ 10--1 CM 'R h eooo 5 -I CO >A0 0 ^}< CM -N IO --00 i^ CM 3\ oSoO 0oo -- v+ co cm ; t*-CM I-s<* N#M 5 *CO -t-f>* VAO r- co co\f s CM*K *-i OOt- --I -4 23? CMO f- N^O '\> -( h\ CM CM ^ 5 O t-i v-j Tf o\ CM - 5 S" X ~HO0 0-40 I Is *2 SsS>...,,v :! uOli'i--vf g 2 i 1. n |E=?S? ri ^o 55 QC = s S.I I <>& Ea"-oJ3si! . EZZ. * ^ERlsl6 *o53f,c0 tX-C-STS St;3 8 825S 8t 8 autJtJ 8 *? g&SSMSS-- o-- 1 fflUWUWffi rtw, t -*ov rTsO S^c Si~ si? S{-* ' Ssf|s* .*1 ot 4j'n"D ,. o w|*3gl|i ? o.- ** ** ! O *J 44 44 t CQUWWWOQ U i^sj !lS Ea 3 a*' *-H Z< 122 and indicates pounds per square inch internal pressure. FIRECLAY BRICK AND REFRACTORY CEMENTS IN BOILER SETTINGS FIRECLAY brick having melting points as low as 2750 deg. fahr. are used in the construction of boiler furnaces. For most purposes, however, it is necessary to employ brick of first quality refractoriness. Such brick should have the following characteristics: Fusion or Melting Point..................................Cone 31 to 34 (3182 to 3290 deg. fahr.) End Cold Crushing Strength........................ 500 to 2500 lb. per sq. in. depending upon the burn and process of manufacture. Porosity.................................... ............................,15 to 30 per cent. Mean Thermal Conductivity from 0-1000 deg. cent................ 0025 calories per second, per sq..cm., per deg. cent., difference in temperature on two parallel faces of a l centi meter cube. The mean conductivities at any two temperatures equals .0020+ ,0000011 (t.i+ti) where t.i and t, are the temperatures in deg. cent. Thermal Expan sion.........0.000008 per deg. cent. Chemical Composition:. Silica....... ............................ 50.0to65.0per cent Alumina...... ................. :30.0 to 45.0 " " Iron Oxide................... 1.5 to 3.5 11 " Titania.... ................................ 1.5 to 3.5 " " Lime.:........................................ 0.1 to 0.5 " " Magnesia_____:...................... 0.1 to 0.5 " " Soda ahd Potash............... 0.5 to 1.5 " " The service obtained from first quality fireclay brick depends upon the design of the furnace, the operating conditions, and the type of firebrick used. The most satisfactory design is one in which the brick in the hottest part of the furnace are not subjected to a soaking heat. When one face of each brick is relatively cool, this brick is less liable to squeeze out of shape and allow the brickwork to settle. Likewise when the heating surface is small in comparison with the radiating surface the service obtained from the refractories is most satisfactory. Special shapes should be used only in cases of absolute necessity. They are more expensive, less uniform, and less readily available. A skillful brick mason can construct practically any kind of a furnace out of standard brick of the 9 in. series. When furnaces are operated under a slight pressure the life of the refractories is considerably less than where there is a draft. This is due to the "soaking" effect that is more pronounced when the furnace is operated under pressure. There is an opportunity for increasing the life of most furnaces by the proper selection of the brick. Those which are laid in the sidewalls are subjected to the action of the clinker; they are chipped and broken by the slice bar. Dense well burned brick are best suited to meet these condi tions. The lighter burned brick are best suited to resist temperature Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by R. M. Howe. Pittsburgh, Pa. ' AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS 6DIDE,t923) changes. Inasmuch as temperature changes first effect the brick in the arches the lighter burned brick should be placed there. The fireclay or refractory cement used in laying, up the brick may . cause immediate failure or it may actually prolong the life of the fire brick. The most consistent results are obtained when the fireclay is brought from the company supplying the brick. The joints should be made as thin as possible. Such materials as Portland cement or lime should never be added to the clay in order to give a "cold set." In certain types of furnaces it is necessary to use firebrick of slightly different characteristics. The siliceous brick from New Jersey are used to advantage in wide arches and in arches that are heated on both sides. Their successful application lies in their ability to support a heavy load at high temperatures and under soaking heats. In other furnaces where there is an intense local heat it is necessary to use firebrick that are high in alumina. These have melting points ranging from 3290 to 3470 deg. fahr., depending upon the alumina content of the brick. While their application is relatively new, brick of this type apparantly fill a long felt want. Much of the trouble experienced with firebrick settings may be traced to the clay with which they are laid. Other causes are found in the excessive temperatures resulting from insufficient radiation or too little draft; or temperature'changed brought about by the inrush of cold air. Joints that are too thick or are made of inferior material allow the brick work to settle; excessive temperatures cause the brickwork to squeeze out of shape; excessive temperature changes cause spalling. HOW TO USE THE SYNTHETIC AIR CHART In view of the announcement that after three years of investiga tion of the question of a standard for measurement of ventilation, the Society had adopted the Synthetic Air Chart for the purpose of comparing the air conditions in any room with the ideal or standard conditions, the Research Bureau worked out the following descrip tion of its method of application. It was thought that the operation of the Synthetic Air Chart might not be found entirely clear with out some explanation and the late John R. Allen, then director of thfcResearch Bureau, submitted the following brief statement for the benefit of those interested, together with illustrations of the apparatus necessary to make the measurements involved. THE Synthetic Air Chart offers a means of determining the percentage of perfect ventilation by considering all the known factors that make up the air conditions in a room. These factors with their proper weights, experimentally determined, are represented by columns ar ranged vertically across the chart. The base of each column represents the ideal condition, or 100 per cent perfect. Bordering on either side of the main column are two narrow columns'marked " -- and The former denotes the penalization to be.subtracted from the Percent of Perfect Column, and the "+%" denotes the condition considering only the one particular factor. The various factors are divided into three groups which are separated by the double lines. First, Wet Bulb Difference which includes Tem perature, Humidity, and Air Motion; second, Dust, Bacteria, and Odors; third, Carbon Dioxide. The latter, although not really a factor, since it is not considered injurious, serves as an index of the amount of air sup plied and of the distribution in the room. In addition, columns providing for Other Injurious Substances and for Distributionsare given. The upper limit of any of these groups represents the condition where life would cease to exist. Hence at this point the " -- %" column would indicate 100 per cent penalization. (Since the upper ends of the columns represent conditions not obtained in practice they are not included on the chart.) To illustrate the method of graduating the columns, consider the first which is headed Wet Bulb Difference. When at rest with no air motion, the ideal wet bulb temperature is 56 deg. The upper portion of the column represents the unlivable condition which is approximately 106 deg. with 100 per cent humidity or a wet bulb difference of 50 deg. from the ideal. Any variation from 56 deg-, would therefore represent a definite percentage of variation from the ideal.- The graduations in the other columns were constructed in like manner. ; 125 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGUIDE1923 J AMERICAN SOCIETYOf HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GIHDEES3 127 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF SEATING & 1 VENTILATINGENGINEERS(MOUSa After the values of all the factors have been determined by test, the results are shown on the chart by a heavy vertical line (34 in. wide) and the height of the line will indicate the results obtained in the test. Penali zation for all the factors may then be read directly opposite the top of each line. All the "--%'s" are then totaled and the sum subtracted from 100 per cent to determine the Percent of Perfect ventilation for the room as a whole. This result is plotted in the last column headed Percent of Perfect. For example, if the sum of all " -- %'s" found in the different columns is 1524 Per cent, then the difference between 100 and 1524, or 8424 per cent, is plotted in the last column as the final Percent of Perfect. TO MAKE THE TEST Temperature, Humidity, and Air Motion.--Temperatures and humidi ties shall be determined with a sling psychrometer. The extent and direc tion of air movement in the room may be determined by observing the AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSGMDEB23 broken up or altered in shape, size, or nature by processes of sampling or counting. Bacteria.--Bacterial determinations shall be made in accordance with the standard adopted by the American Public Health Association. Petrii dishes 4 in. in diameter (See Fig. 56) containing standard agar, are exposed in the room for 2 min. They are then carefully covered and incubated for 48 hr. at 22 deg. cent. The colonies on the plate are then . counted. Odors.--Odors shall be determined in accordance with the following rating: 100 per cent freedom from odors...................... Perfect 95 per cent freedom from odors...................Very faint 90 per cent freedom from odors......................Faint 85 per cent freedom from odors.......................Noticeable 80 per cent freedom, from odors.....................Distinct 75 per cent freedom from odors.....................Decided 70 per cent freedom from odors..................... Strong Fig. 55 Ammonium Chloride Apparatus for Determining Velocity and Direction of Air Currents velocity of a puff of vapor from an ammonium-chloride apparatus, such as shown in Fig. .55. This apparatus consists of a bottle of hydro chloric acid and a bottle of ammonium chloride, each bottle having a two-holed rubber stopper- supplied with bent glass tubing similar to a wash bottle. A small ' pressure bulb forces the air through the two bottles simultaneously, and when the acid vapors and the ammonium vapors unite, a cloud of-ammonium-chloride vapor is formed. This cloud is readily visible and the velocity and direction of the air currents may be studied from it. Dust.--Dust determinations are made by the use of a direct-counting instrument in which the air is caused to impinge against a cover slip coated with adhesive material. The particles are counted under the microscope and the result placed upon a cubic foot basis. By direct counting is meant a method where the dust particles are studied and counted as they originally existed in the air, and the particles are not 128 Fig. 56. Culture Plates for Determining the Bacteria in Air The determination shall be made immediately upon going into the room from the outer air. Carbon Dioxide.--The apparatus necessary to take samples of air for CO, determinations consists of a 120 cu. cm. rubber-stoppered bottle and a constant-pressure rubber bulb, as shown in Fig. 57. To take a sample, the rubber tube attached to the bulb is inserted to the bottom of the bottle and held at arm's length so that the sample will not become contaminated by expired air. The tube is closed by compressing it between the thumb and neck of the bottle and the net-covered bulb is filled with air by pressing the uncovered bulb with the hand; the thumb is then released and the inrushing air replaces the air originally in the bottle. This operation is repeated three times, after which the tube is removed and the bottle is tightly sealed with a rubber stopper. An analysis of the sample is then made with a Peterson-Palmquist air- analysis instrument, the result being given in parts oT CO, per 10,000 parts of air. __ In the chart in Fig. 58 is shown how thp air supply may be determined from the CO, readings. Suppose an analysis.of the air sample taken in ' the room shows that the average CO, content is 7 parts per 10,000. Then if the outdoor air contains 4 parts per 10,000, the difference is 3 parts. Locate the 3 on the horizontal scale of the chart, and pass ver- 129 ^AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS6CTDE.1923 tically up to the curve; from the point of intersection with the curve tranverse to the vertical scale which will show that 2,000 cu. ft. of air per hr. per person is being supplied to the room. Distribution.--The distribution of the air in a room shall be determined from the C02 readings taken in the various parts of the room. The AMERICAN SOCIETYOFHEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSG0IDE.B231 The percentage of variation is therefore equal to 1.34-7.0=18.6 per cent. Therefore the percentage distribution = 100 -- 18.6 = 81.4 per cent. Other Injurious Substances.--This column is used only in special cases where, owing to the nature of the processes carried on, some particularly injurious substance is being given off to the air. The column is then graduated, consistent with the nature of the substance. For example, suppose that the contaminating substance is carbon monoxide. Grubner states that symptoms of poisoning are distinct when the air contains 0.02 of one per cent of this gas, and that death ensues in a short time when the air contains 0.05 of one per cent. Whitthaus Fig. 57. Taking an Air Sample following example illustrates the method of calculating the result. sume four samples taken resulting in the following analysis: Station Parts of CO% per 10,000 ' 1 6.4 2 7.4 3 9.2 4 5.0 As Average 7.0 The variation at the various stations above or below the average is as follows: Station 1 '2 3 4 7.0-6.4=0.6 7.4-7.0 = 0.4 9.2-7.0 = 2.2 7.0-5.0 = 2.0 Then the average variation from the average CO, is determined as follows: 0.6 + 0.4 + 2.2 + 2.0 4 = 1.3 Fig. 58. Curve to Determine Air Supply from C02 Readings. states that when air containing carbon monoxide is breathed, the body retains about one-half of the gas inhaled. The poison therefore accumu lates in the blood, and small amounts in the air may produce death if inhaled over a sufficient period of time. It is apparent therefore for our purpose that the lethal dose of 0.05 of one per cent is too high, and that 0.02 of one per cent, considering the time factor, would be nearer the truth. In arranging our scale in the.column headed Other Injurious Substances, we would therefore consider air free from CO as 100 per cent and air containing two parts in 10,000 as 0 per cent, or air containing one part of CO would be 50 per cent, one-half parts, 25 per cent, etc. For example, if a test is made of the air in a garage or other place where CO is found, and the result shows two parts of CO in 100,000 parts of air, the penalization factor would be 10 per cent, and this amount would be added to the other minus percentages or penalization factors, and the total subtracted from 100 to obtain the final Percentage of Perfect,^ The Comfort Chart.--The inter-relation^of temperature, humidity, and air motion is shown in the lower portion of the chart. The inter-section of the Air Motion line and the Physical State line determines the proper wet bulb temperature. This point should be indicated on the chart by a small angle (thus ~l) the apex of the angle coinciding with the point . AMERICAN SOOETYOF HMTING & of intersection of the lines. The observed dry bulb and wet bulb is also indicated by an angle (thus L). The .difference between the desirable wet bulb and the observed wet bulb is plotted in the first column of the air chart marked Wet Bulb Difference. Number and Location of Stations.-- I'he number of stations where samples are to be taken shall be determined from the floor area in the room. One station should be allowed for each 200 sq. ft. of floor space. In no case shall less than four samples be taken. The room should be divided equally into imaginary areas and a station located in the center of each area. All samples are to be taken in the breathing zone which is from 2 to 6 ft. from the floor. RECORDING THE RESULTS To illustrate the method of determining the Percentage of Perfect Ventilation, consider the results of a test as given below. The average results in a room are found as follows: Dry Bulb temperature.----Wet Bulb temperature.----Air Motion__ i... Physical State... Dust....... Bacteria. CO,. Other injurious substances. Distribution........................... .72 deg. .58 deg. .20 ft. per min. Light work 10,000 particles per cu. ft. 10 colonies on a 2-min. plate 90 per cent free from 7 parts per 10,000 .None .81.4 These values are now represented on the chart by a J^-in. vertical line drawn in the center of each of the respective columns. The proper wet-bulb temperature is determined by noting the point of intersection of the "light work line" and the 20-ft. air motion line; this is 55 deg. wet bulb. Since the actual wet-bulb temperature as determined by the test is 58 deg. then the wet bulb difference is 3 deg. This value is plotted in the first column and the penalization as read in the " -- portion is -- 5$i per cent. For the 10,000 particles of Dust, the penalization is a -- 1 per cent; for the Bacteria, -- 1 per cent; for the Oders, -- 1 Vi per cent; for the CO,, -- 7ys per cent; for Other Injurious Substances, --0 per cent, and for Distribution, -- 5^ per cent. The sum of all these penalizations is --15% Per cent. Therefore the Percent of Perfect ventilation in the room is 100 -- 15^g = per cent. This value is then plotted in the last column marked Percent of Perfect. 132 DETERMINING EQUAL COMFORT LINES HE sense of warmth experienced by the human body is not due T alone to the temperature indicated by the dry bulb thermometer, neither does it depend solely upon the wet bulb temperature. Dry air at a relatively high temperature may feel cooler than air of considerably lower temperature with high moisture content. Human comfort or discomfort depend largely on body temperature and therefore on the relation between the rate of heat production and dissipation. By the process of metabolism heat is constantly generated within the body, while on the other hand, loss of heat is constantly oc curring from the surface of the body by radiation, convection and evaporation. To maintain a constant body temperature the loss of heat must equal the heat produced. It is therefore apparent that any inter ference with the elimination of heat from the body is accompanied by a rise in temperature and a feeling of discomfort. There are three principal factors affecting loss of body heat: 1: Temperature. 2. Humidity. 3. Air motion.. As the temperature of the air and surrounding objects rises, the loss of heat by convection and radiation decreases. When the temperature reaches that of the body, the loss by radiation and convection ceases. Finally as the air temperature exceeds that of the body, heat passes from the air to the body. If on the other hand,' the relative humidity is increased the heat loss by evaporation decreases. If while the dry bulb temperature increases, the wet bulb temperature decreases sufficiently, the increase in loss of heat by evaporation may be made equal to the decrease in loss of heat by radiation and convection, resulting in no change in body temperature or comfort. From the above, it is concluded that there must necessarily exist cer tain combinations of temperatures and humidities, which produce the same total body heat loss by radiation, convection and evaporation and therefore the same feeling of comfort or discomfort. Lines passing through such air conditions may be called equal comfort lines. The fact is further substantiated by the general experience of heating engineers in observing that the lower the humidity the higher the temperature re quired for the same degree of comfort. A series of tests have been made in the two psychrometric rooms of the Research Laboratory of the American Society of Heating, Ven tilating Engineers, in order to locate these lines on the psychrometric chart. In making ,such tests a high dry bulb temperature and low Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by F. C. Houghten, Pittsburgh. 133 I relative humidity was produced in one room and a lower dry bulb tem perature and higher relative humidity in the other room such that ob servers passing from one room to the other recorded the same feeling of warmth in the two rooms. The two air conditions thus found which give the same sense of warmth are on ah equal comfort line. The angles which the experimentally determined lines make with the dry bulb temperature on the standard psychrometric chart are plotted in Curve A, Fig. 59. A standard psychrometric chart with the equal comfort lines super imposed is shown in Fig. 60. These lines were determined by taking the angle which they form with the dry bulb lines from Curve A, Fig. 59. ,Lines as Determined by Test. Curve B Angle Between Equal Comfort Lines and Wet Bulb Lines It will be seen that these form a series of lines which are not parallel among themselves but approach being parallel to the wet bulb lines at high temperatures, and dry bulb lines at low temperatures. This is in accordance with expectations. At high temperatures one perspires freely and the skin approaches the condition of a perfect wet bulb, while at low temperatures the surface of the body is relatively dry and therefore is little cooled by evaporation. At low temperatures moisture in the air allows the clothing to* become moist and therefore to be a better con ductor of heat. In Curve B, Fig. 59, the angles between wet bulb lines and equal comfort lines are plotted against dew-points. The intersection of Curves A and B, gives a dew-point of 61.5 at which the equal comfort line bisects. 134 Fig. 60. Standard Psychometric Chart with Eudai. Comfort Lines Superimposed AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS GHDE1923 the angle between dry and wet bulb lines. For all points on this equal comfprt line the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures are of equal im portance in determining comfort. Below this equal comfort line, dry bulb temperatures are of greater importance while above this line, wet bulb temperature is the chief factor in determining comfort. Referring again to Curve B, Fig. 59, and extrapolating beyond the limits of the experimental data, it is found that the angle between wet bulb and equal comfort lines becomes zero at 132 deg. wet bulb; There fore at this temperature the wet bulb lines are also equal comfort lines, or comfort depends upon wet bulb temperature alone. This could not be verified by test for the reason that it is impossible for the investigators to endure the conditions long enough to determine lines above 115 deg. saturated. . Below 32 deg. a marked reversal in the direction of the equal comfort lines occurs. Therefore for such conditions the higher the wet bulb tem perature or relative humidity the greater the cooling effect of the air. This fact while not generally accepted receives ample verification from the experience of people who have dwelt in cold climates. Below 62 deg. the angle between the equal comfort lines and the dry . bulb lines diminishes rapidly, approaching zero at 32 deg. For all points on the 32 deg. equal comfort line, comfort is independent of wet bulb temperature or relative humidity. . . It has already been shown that neither the wet bulb nor the dry bulb temperature alone indicates a person's feeling of warmth. The equal comfort lines do give such an index . For example, if one passes from any point on the equal comfort line intersecting the saturation curve at 90 deg. to any point on the equal comfort line intersecting the saturation curve at 91 deg., an equal increase in warmth will be noticed, regardless of the path followed. This series of equal comfort lines can therefore be thought of as a temperature scale which, unlike the wet bulb and dry bulb scale, determines accurately the feeling of warmth. The best way to fix the numerical value of the new scale is to adopt the value common to all scales at their intersection on the saturation curve. As has already been said and will be further verified, this temperature scale accurately indicates one's feeling of warmth and determines the physiological reactions of the body.- In other words, it entirely deter mines the effects produced upon the body. It may therefore be called a scale of effective temperature. To further emphasize the importance of effective temperature over the wet bulb temperature in determining comfort, some experimental facts are graphically shown on the psychrometric chart Fig. 61. This data is taken from a report of an investigation of- the_physiological reactions of men to high temperatures, made by the American Society of Heat ing and Ventilating Engineers Laboratory- in cooperation with the U. S. Public Health Service and the U. S. Bureau of Mines. (Some Physiological Reactions to High Temperatures and Humidities, A. S. H. V. E. Journal, March, 1923. . 135 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTIIATIN6 ENGINEERSGUIDEM3, Conditions for the test are shown by points on the chart. The number of the test, increase in pulse rate, rise in body temperature and loss in weight per hour are given numerically in rectangles around the points. Three series of tests are given which are very close to the three comfort lines drawn. Tests No. 56, 72 and 80, falling near the 106 deg. effective temperature line, produce increases in pulse rate of 105, 128 and 124 respectively. Temperature rises and loss in weights per hour show a similar uniformity. While these physiological reactions vary considerably among them selves they are of a different order of magnitude from those found in the next lower series, that is, near the 101 deg. effective temperature line. Near this line are four Tests, No. 53, 76, 78 and 79, which give similar physiological reactions. Again on the 95 deg. effective temperature line we have four tests which give similar physiological reactions but quite different from those of the other two series. Test No. 53 is 1 deg. wet bulb higher than Test No. 80, but 5 deg. effec tive temperature lower. It is found that Test No. 80 gives an increase in pulse rate of 124 and temperature rise of 4.6 deg., while Test No. 53 gives an increase in pulse rate of 56.3 and temperature rise of 2.53 deg., which shows clearly that the physiological reactions in this region of the chart depend on effective temperature and not on wet bulb tempera ture. When the effective temperature is lower the physiological reactions are less marked despite the fact that the wet bulb temperature is higher. Tests No. 44 and 79 similarly show the fact that the physiological re actions depend on effective temperature and not on wet bulb temperature. This is again brought out by Tests No. 81, 74, 45, and 83. The lower the effective temperature, the less marked the physiological reactions regard less of the wet bulb temperature. ' APPLICATIONS The applications of the psychrometric chart with equal comfort lines to the problems of heating and. ventilating are many. The heating en gineer is interested in the effective temperature lines in the comfort zone, that is, those temperatures and humidities which are met within heating practice. To say that a room is heated to 70 deg. does not necessarily indicate that the room is heated to a comfortable temperature. With a ' very low humidity 70 deg. fahr. may be too cold for comfort while 70 deg. fahr. with a very high humidity may be too warm. . It is not the purpose of this investigation to determine what effective temperature is best suited for true comfort. However, if results can be obtained that agree upon any point that gives true comfort the chart will indicate all other conditions which are equally comfortable. If 70 deg. dry bulb and 56 deg. wet bulb are accepted as being on the true comfort line then 63.5 deg. effective temperature will be the desired line.' The maximum variation on this comfort line is from 63.5 deg. to 77 deg. dry bulb and from 47.deg.-to 63.5 deg. wet bulb. However, the maximum variation is neither practical nor desirable. It has been mentioned before 136 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGDIDE1923 that the 62 deg. effective temperature line bisects the angle between the dry and wet bulb temperature. Therefore within the comfort region the dry and wet bulb temperatures are of equal importance in determi ning comfort. In industrial plants having high temperatures the efficiency engineer inquires as to what combinations of dry and wet bulb temperatures can be endured with efficient work. The U. S. Public Health Service has determined from experience and statistics conditions which men can Fig. 61. Psychrometric Chart Showing Relation Between Physiological Reactions and, Effective Temperature, Wet Bulb Temperature and Dry Bulb Temperature, Respectively efficiently endure while doing various kinds of work. By accepting these points the chart will give any other conditions resulting in equally efficient work. The air conditioning engineer is interested in knowing just what effect various changes in wet and dry bulb temperature will have, on the effec tive temperature or sense of warmth which a person will experience. He can follow three distinct routes in producing a more desirable condition or any combination of the three. , 1. He can keep the dry bulb constant varying the wet bulb and dew point. . ` 2. He can keep the wet bulb constant and vary the dry bulb and dew-point. AMERICAN SOCIETYOF SEATING & VENTILATINGENGINEERSGIHDEI923 3. He can keep the dew-point constant varying the dry and wet bulb. , 4. Any combination of the above three. In any case the improvement will depend solely upon the number of the effective temperature lines crossed. CONCLUSIONS Comfort as determined by both sense and physiological reactions de pends solely upon effective temperature. At 32 deg. the effective tem perature line coincides with the dry bulb temperature line, hence in this particular case dry bulb temperature is the only factor in determining comfort. ` In the comfort zone comfort depends equally on wet and dry bulb temperatures. '. At about 132 deg. the effective temperature coincides with the wet bulb temperature and for this case the wet bulb temperature is the only factor. Below 32 the effect of humidity is reversed. The lower the humidity the greater the feeling.of warmth. . . 138 VENTILATORS HE term ventilator may apply to anything from an opening through T the roof of a building to a pipe with a very complicated covering over the end. As a general rule, it means a pipe leading from the roof of a building covered with some sort of a weather proofing cap. The caps, as used in practice, present a wide variation in design from that of a plain cap to prevent the direct entrance of rain and snow to very intricate designs intended to increase the capacity of a ventilator by a more ef ficient utilization of the wind energy. While ventilators may be divided into certain classes or groups and the average efficiency of one class will be higher or lower than the average efficiency of another class, this does not in any way determine the capacity of individual ventilators, as ventilators of the same class and, which from a casual observation appear to be the same, will have entirely different characteristics, due to the fact that some of the fundamentals have been overlooked or changed in one or the other. It is the purpose of this discussion to show some of the basic principles upon which ven tilators operate and to show some of the points in practical ventilators which increase or decrease their efficiencies. Ventilators may be classified in general as, stationary and rotary, and each of these may be divided into siphoning and non-siphoning. The rotary ventilators being one which always presents the same face to the wind, and the siphoning ventilator being one which is so constructed as to use the force of the wind to siphon the air out of the ventilator, usually allowing some of the external air to pass through the head. : PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The flow of air in a ventilator pipe is caused by two distinct forces either or both of which may effect the ventilator at a given time. First,, the temperature difference between the air in the ventilator pipe and the outside air, and second i the velocity of the wind around the ventilator head. The flow of air caused by either one of these forces will, for a given force, depend upon the design of the ventilator. A draft is caused by the difference in temperature, the same as in an ordinary chimney. It depends upon the height of the ventilator and the temperature difference. Since a ventilator pipe generally extends only through the roof, the height is not as apparent as it is in an ordinary chimney. The effective height should be taken as that from the ventilator outlet to the lowest point in the room or building ventilated from which the air has free access to the ventilator, i. e., if a ventilator pipe opens into Minn316"31 fr th*S section was PrePareti especially for The Guide 1923 by F. B. Rowley, Minneapolis, 139 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGCIDI.B23 a room which is isolated from the rest of the building, that room alone should be considered. If the air from that room has free access to others below, the total height should be considered. The temperature in the ventilator pipe may be taken as the average temperature from the ven tilator outlet to the floor of the room ventilated. ' Fic. 62 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERS6DIDRB23 would be 50 per cent providing there is free admission of fresh air into the room or space ventilated. The draft in a ventilator head, due to the velocity of the wind, is primarily caused by the low pressure area or partial vacuum on the leeward side of the ventilator head. A draft in certain d.esigns may also be caused by the siphoning action of the wind passing through the ven tilator head, but any air which is allowed to enter the head to create a. siphoning action must get out and in so doing will diminish the effective area of the head for exhausting air, and it is also very, likely to reduce the effectiveness of the low pressure area. Naturally the ventilator which makes the best use of the available forces for creating a draft and which at the same time provides the freest Fig. 64 )> /I [Y Fig. 65 Fig. 66 Efficiencies of Various Styles of Ventilators The theoretical velocity of the gases due to temperature difference may be obtained from the following well-known formula: V = ^2gh = 2gH (I - i) in which V = Velocity in feet per second g = Gravity 32.2 H = Effective height of ventilator T1 =Temperature absolute of air in ventilator fo =Temperature absolute of air outside ' This gives the theoretical velocity which will be reduced in the prac tical case by the resistance in the pipe and the ventilator head. It is impossible to state an exact ratio between the velocity obtainable and the theoretical as every case will be different, but a reasonable assumption 140 Fig. 67 path for the flow of exhaust through the ventilators should be the best ventilator. It does not follow, however, that a ventilator of one class is. better or poorer than one of any other class. It may be good or poor not. because it belongs to a certain class, but depending upon whether the proper basic principles have been observed in its design. There is not sufficient data available to cover all of the different kinds of ventilators manufactured; yet certain fundamental laws are well established which apply to all ventilators. ' Figs. 62 to 66 inclusive, were taken from a preliminary report of tests made at the Bureau of Standards in 1918 on 16-in. ventilators and .published in the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 141 Fig. 71 Fig. 72 142 fAMERICAN SOQETIOFHEffllNC & VENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSfifJIDE1923 Journal, March, 1921. These figures will serve to show how some specific points effected the efficiency. The percentage figures at the top of each cut represents the ratio of air passed through the ventilator head, compared to that passed through an open pipe under the same conditions. Figs. 62, 63 and 64 show a stationary ventilator with slight variations. In Fig. 63, a lip A has been added at the outlet and in Fig. 64 the band has been lengthened, to cover the lip, no other changes being made. In the ventilator of Figs. 62 and 63, part of the wind entered the head while in Fig. 64 no wind entered the head. From the percentage figures, it will be noted that 63 gained over 62 although both discharged less: than an open pipe under the same conditions. Fig. 64 gained 30 per cent over an open pipe. This shows the importance of keeping the air from enter t Ii ing the ventilator head, of using a wide band and of providing an easy passage for the air leaving theventilator. The wide band of Fig. 64 serves two purposes, first, to keep the air from entering the ventilator head and second, to produce a greater low pressure area on the leeward side of the ventilator head. . Fig. 65 and 66 are the same ventilators excepting that in Fig. 66 the storm band has been lengthened to cover the lower lip and prevent the wind from entering the head. This shows a gain from 91 per cent to 113 per cent by changing the band. Bycomparing Figs. 64and 66, itwill be noted that the principle difference is that the cap in Fig. 66 has been raised with an additional band placed in the outlet. The probable effect of this band is to increase the friction of the air leaving the head, thereby reducing the efficiency. . . Fig. 67 shows a stationary siphoning ventilator in which part of the outside wind enters the ventilator head and must be discharged through the head with the air drawn up the ventilator shaft, while this ventilator is more intricate in design than thatof Fig. 64,its efficiency is not as good. Figs. 68, 69 and 70 show rotary ventilators. Fig. 68 has flaring outlet, Fig. 69 has a conical outlet and an auxiliary siphon ring and Fig. 9 has a straight conical outlet. It will be noted that these three ventilators all have about the same capacities, i. e. 150 per cent of an open pipe dis charge. It was found that if the annular passage in Fig. 69 was closed up the results were the same, showing that the draft in this case was created by the low pressure area and not by the siphoning action of the wind. Figs. 71 to 89, inclusive, show the photographs and dimensioned draw ings of five 10-in. ventilators tested at the Experimental Engineering Laboratories, University of Minnsota. The curve sheet, Fig. 81, shows the results of the tests. The most efficient ventilator in these tests was the rotary siphoning, Figs.-71 and 76, with the plain stationary, Figs. 72 and 77, a very close second. Itwill be noted that the stationary ventilator has a large head, rather a wide band which prevents outside air from entering the head, and is designed to give a fairly easy path with no abrupt turns for the exhaust air. The stationary ventilator, Figs. 74 and 78, gives only two-thirds of the capacity of that shown for Figs. 71 and 76. Upon comparison, it will be noted that the diameter of the head is less, the width of the band is less 143 aMERifflM SOQETYOFHMnN6& YENTILATIN6 EN6INEERS 6DD)E.K23j VEWIIATIN6 EN61NEERS60IDE823 than two-thirds than that of the latter, and there is no inverted cone at the top to direct the flow of the exhaust outward. Further the outlet openings, as shown in Fig. 79, are small as compared with those of Fig. 76. The poorest ventilator is the stationary siphon, Figs. 75 and 80. This ventilator is so designed that the outside air enters the head; the head is small, the band is narrow and the air passages leading from the ventilators are restricted. The rotary ventilator shown in Fig. 64 has a low efficiency for this class of ventilators, due to the fact that the head is small and the air passages are restricted by louvers and frame work. The data obtained in a series of tests on 10-in. ventilators made at Kansas State Agricultural College by Professors J. P. Calderwood, A. J. Mack and C. J. Bradley and reported in the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Journal, July, 1922, are shown in Tables 62 to 66 inclusive, and the average resultsof Table 66 are shown in curve sheet, Fig. 82. . TABLE 62. RESULTSOF TESTS SHOWING THE VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE INDUCED THROUGH SEVEN DIFFERENT PLAIN STATIONARY VENTILATORS Vel. of 'Wind in Miles per Hr. Velocity Induced Through Ventilator. Feet per Minute Ventilator Designation No. Ventilator I 2 3 4 5 6 * 7 4 145 185 266 148 185 142 133 160 8 241 287 355 237 '287 238 242 267 12 337 390 446 366 390 334 350 375 TABLE 63. RESULTS OF TESTS SHOWING THE VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE INDUCED THROUGH SIX STATIONARY SIPHONING VENTILATORS ' Miles per Hr. Velocity Induced Through Ventilator, Feet per Minute Ventilator Designation No. Ventilator 23456 4 145 162 157 226 189 205 206 M 8 241 304 292 404 315 332 369 '! 12 337 446 426 583 440 458 532 TA BLE 64. RESULTS OF TESTS SHOWING THE VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE INDUCED i THROUGH FOUR PLAIN ROTARY VENTILATORS Velocity Induced Through Ventilator. Feet Vel. of per Minute Ventilator Designation i Wind in Miles per Hr. No. Ventilator 234 I 4 145 208 192 _ 191 202 i 8 241 246 348 354 341 12 337 484 505 518 480 145 VENTILATING ENGINEERS GDMa> l-H HI " Cl'KVEs Snow Efficiency of Well Consthucteh Rotary or. Stationary Type Ventilator AMERICAN SOCIETYOf HMTJNG & TABLE 65. resltltsoptests showing the velocity in feet per minute induced * THROUGH FIVE ROTARY SIPHONING VENTILATORS Vel. of Wind in MILES per Hr. Velocity Induced Through Ventilator. Feet per Minute Ventilator Designation No. Ventilator 234 5 4 145 257 192 222 217 ' 204 8 241 479 370 387 - 410 393 12 337 702 548 553 606 582 ' TABLE 66. RESULTS OF TESTS SHOWING THE AVERAGE VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE INDUCED THROUGH THE VARIOUS TYPES OF VENTILATORS Vel. of Wind in Miles per Hr. Velocity Induced Through Ventilator. Feet per Minute Type of Ventilator No. Ventilator Plain Sta Siphoning i Plain | Rotary tionary Stationary j Rotary | Siphoning 4 145 168 191 ; 198 i 218 8 241 273 326 ; 348 , 408 12 337 379 461 : 497 i 598 .! Unfortunately the detailed dimensions-of these ventilators are hot given, although the data shows a wide variation of ventilatorsof the same type or class. The curves, Fig. 82, shows the average classification in order of efficiency as rotary siphon, plain rotary, stationary siphon, plain stationary, and no ventilator. This set of curves must only be taken as a general indication of each class and as in no way determining the ef ficiency of any particular ventilator. By comparing the data of the plain stationary ventilators, Table 62 to Curve 2, Fig- 81, it will be observed that the best ventilator tested at the Kansas Agricultural College gave a velocity of 446 ft. permin.ata wind velocity of 12 miles per hr. whereas the best one tested at the University of Minnesota gave 560 ft! per mini, at the same wind velocity. The stationary ventilator No. 5, curve sheet, Fig. 81, compares almost exactly with the average stationary ventilator shown in Fig. 82. The velocity through an open pipe agrees very closely in the two series of tests indicating that the other differences are due to the different designs of the ventilator heads tested and not to a .difference in the test conditions. While it is apparent that the average ventilators built, fall into general classes, it is evident that there is a wide variation in ventilators of the same type and a good ventilator may be made of any type, providing a few basic principles are adhered to in the design. The rotary ventilator may have some advantages over the stationary, but it is doubtful whether the stationary siphon ventilators has any advantages over a properly designed stationary non-siphoning ventilator. 147 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HMTINfi & VENT1IAI1N6 ENGINEERS GC1DEJ923 The basic principles which should be adhered to are as follows: 1. A reasonably large head, as it gives a larger low pressure area and a better exhaust. 2. A sufficiently large area for the air leaving the ventilator head preferably larger than the cross sectional area of pipe. 3. A storm band on stationary non-siphoning ventilators sufficiently, wide and so placed as to prevent the entrance of external air into the ventilator head. 4. If the ventilator is a siphoning type additional outlet air space must be provided in the head in order not to restrict the air pas sage from the exhaust pipe. 5. Provide a smooth, easy passage of sufficient area for the exit of ' exhaust air avoiding sharp turns and obstructions. 6. A flaring outlet from a rotary ventilator will give a better exhaust than a straight outlet. While good or poor ventilators may be constructed of either class, Curves 1 and 2, Fig. 81, shows what may be expected from a well-con structed ventilator jin either stationary or rotary type. As a general thing, however, the stationary ventilator will deliver somewhat less than that shown in Curve 2. These curves were taken from a 10-in. ventilator and somewhat better results might be expected from larger ventilators. The curves are based only on draft created by the wind, temperature in the ventilator remaining the same as that outside. The additional draft created by the temperature will depend entirely upon the tem perature difference and effective height of the ventilator. LOCATION OF VENTILATOR IMPORTANT In order that any ventilator may function properly, some attention must be given to its location on the building. In general the action of the ventilator will be effected, by the adjacent buildings height of ventilator, etc., as an ordinary chimney. Thus a ventilator if placed near a high wall would not obtain the full effect of the wind and in case it is on the windward side of the wall, a back draft might even be created in the ventilator. The access of fresh air to the ventilated room to take the place of the exhausted air must be given consideration in determining the capacity to be expected: If the ventilator leads from a closed room with no air inlets, the capacity will be reduced accordingly. These are points which must be given careful consideration for each installation and in any case it must be remembered that the capacity of a ventilator of this type is not positive or constant but dependent upon the wind velocity and temperature difference. 148 AIR CONDITIONING . INTRODUCTION IT seems that the logical exposition of this subject is the one which most clearly can show the attitude of those expert in it. Like all of the sciences, of which this is surely one, it is made up in its entirety of two parts: the first, which is the basis of course, is composed of the fundamental principles and laws, the mathematics, graphs and tables; the second, is the application of the science to industry, which constitute, its reason for existing. It has been' demonstrated so many times that the science of air conditioning has many ramifications, each of which has its governing law possible of explanation and mathematically reducible to visible and (to the initiated) easily legible chart and table. The development of each of such underlying principles may be made the sub ject of an article such as this, and at its conclusion the reader will know-- only that single phase. The subject should, however, as far as general interest is concerned, be developed from the second rather than the first of the divisions of the science; that is, from its economic side. Only in this way can a general survey be made and an understanding of the . value to industry be obtained. - RANKS AS AN IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE It may be well to point out here, how essentially an industrial science air conditioning is; being recognized by, and having its great usefulness, through its effects--and not through the means whereby such effects are obtained. So the expert, knowing the principles and the apparatus, and having the background of industrial experience, solves each problem as it is presented, not as a new engineering development painstakingly to be worked out step by step, but surely and accurately--secure in the knowledge that such a treatment of air must, and unfailingly will, produce such an effect upon the material or process under consideration. In the face of such sureness of effect, what interest attaches to the means used, in comparison? For it is as true as in manufacturing, in the final analysis, that the finished product is the thing; the ultimate purchaser does not care what the raw materials, or what the process through which they travel. So in this case, not even the delivered manufactured-air is the goal, but only the materials and the processes as they are changed, modified or varied, by the primary effects of_the controlled climate or weather by which they are surrounded. ' Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by A. M. Ussaoer. New York. 149 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSfiHEMS) DEFINITION OF AIR CONDITIONING It would seem, therefore, that a logical definition for air conditioning from this standpoint, to act as a foundation for further enlargement on the subject, would be as follows: The obtaining of pre-determined effects upon material, persons or air in an enclosure, by treating them with at mospheric air whose temperature, moisture content, relative humidity or purity, singly or in any combination, are under control. An analysis of this definition may indicate the real importance of this science. Prior definitions and, it may be said, the term "air conditioning" itself, deem to have circumscribed and clouded it. It has always been the tendency of lay engineers to assume, partially due to the name with which the science has been christened, that the ultimate object was to control the heat and moisture of air, as much for its own sake as for any other. It seems, today, that only the expert industrial conditioning engineer visualizes the subject in its broadest sense and sees the treat ment of the air as only the means to an end; he, only, realizes it to be a necessary step in a process whose object is not the functioning of a scientific toy, but a real industrial triumph measurable in dollars and cents. The manufacturer and his advisory engineers, educated as they have been on the basis of the narrower definition, for considering air conditioning, cannot be blamed when proposing it for the factory, as a luxury. Presented to them as a means of obtaining a new or a more perfect product, or of eliminating a stumbling block in the way of prog ress, the reaction is dramatically opposite, and the proposal is considered in the light of offering a necessity. . How are these valuable reactions in "persons, materials and air" to be obtained? As concerns materials, and by that is meant all solids (and, in special cases, also liquids and gases) which are raw, partially finished or finished materials in industrial manufacture--consider this fact; with few exceptions they all, depending upon the physical characteristics of the surrounding air, vary in moisture content. Furthermore, this variation and moisture content has a specific effect upon the appearance, weight, texture, conductivity, strength and workability of the material. Taking these two facts together then, it is evident that one who knows their inter-relation as applying to each specific material, can, by a change in the atmosphere, mold and shape the physical character of the material at will. Such a phenomenon can be understood when a comprehension of the basic principle of the industrial phase of air conditioning is obtained. The law is, that the moisture in the air, varying with its concentration (practically independently of its temperature) exerts a definite pressure; also, that the moisture content in a material exerts a measurable pressure, varying with its concentration and the temperature of the material. When a material is fully immersed in air, there is an immediate tendency for the vapor pressures to equalize; if that of the material is lower, moisture will flow into it--if higher, moisture will flow out of it, until, if time is given, a balance is arrived at. Now, therefore, if the surround ing air is held at a given vapor pressure and temperature, a predeter mined moisture content of the material is the inevitable result. The time 150 v d AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING & YENTllATlNfi ENGINEERSGHDES23 element enters into this as into all processes, also an unbelievably great background of experimentation; but the basic principle remains simple and understandable. Relative humidity, that one term besides tempera ture which is known to the reading public, is the only measurable con dition of the atmosphere, which, being controlled, in turns governs both essentials--absolute moisture and temperature. The fact that there are several different ways of controlling this relative humidity, while inter esting to the specialist, is not essential information as far as this exposition is concerned. In general, as regards people, the phenomena of heating, cooling, high or low relative humidity and purity of air in which they live, have been thoroughly investigated and the results to date cataloged. Fig. 83. Aik Conditioning Plant in California Theater The increase in efficiency of workers in an atmosphere of moderate temperature and humidity, over that in extreme heat, cold and moisture, the decrease in sickness and absenteeism, when the workroom atmosphere is pure and fresh, are too well known to require more than mention here. Every one has, on himself, noted the effects of the extremes of the seasons and needs no more than a reminder to recall them. A committee'of this Society, and several distinguished members, have presented reports and papers on the subject--figures are available for proof that comfort of workers is a practical consideration in industry, showing monetary dividends, whether the conditioning is primarily-for the workers' benefit or has these advantages to add as a by-product to those arising from an installation made for other purposes. * . The effect on air, other than that which has undergone specific treat ment, may be taken to be the third important function of air condition- ' AMFBIfflN SOOETTOF HEATING & YENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERSGEIDE$23) ing, either when considered alone or in combination with the hydro metric treatment of materials. Any drying system in which the drying air is recirculated and mixed continuously with air pretreated for the purpose of controlling its physical characteristics comes under this classification. Who has not seen, or at least heard, of the steam filled rooms in drying establishments, paper and textile mills, whose atmosphere is cleared by the introduction of volumes of air pretreated to dissolve the clouds of free vapor. Such effects cannot be produced economically and surely by rule of thumb methods. It is true that such a broad field claimed for air conditioning may be the subject of criticism from general heating and ventilating engineers, those to whom custom has given jurisdiction over steamfitting and plumb ing as well as the ventilation, as such, of dwellings, schools and theaters. ' It would seem, however, that engineers whose lives are devoted to the discovery and application, scientifically, of the basic principles of psychrometry, whose elaborate and skillfully trained organizations of specialists have no other reason for existing than the design and building of apparatus assemblies for clothing in material form the results of their accurate calculations, and whose whole wide experience makes possible the only logical basis for selling--the guaranteeing of results, unques tionably should be the ones to include in their field any types of air systems which include air treatments as defined heretofore. No vapor absorption or drying installation, no evaporative cooling or water spray air cleansing system, can be dignified as an air engineering problem until the same meticulous care and attention to detail are devoted to them, as to what has heretofore been considered true air conditioning. Now, having set forth the bill of particulars establishing air condition ing as a science embracing a great field, it might be interesting to make a rapid survey of some of the high spots which may act as beacons to those whose interest in the subject is not wholly academic. AIR CONDITIONING IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY Strange to say, that industry which today is, as a whole, the most enthusiastic subscriber to the benefits which air conditioning offers, was the first to realize them and to take steps to secure, crudely, it is true, at the time, all the good that climate could offer. The textile industry, founded and carefully developed in the most consistently damp and even temperatured parts of the British Isles, prospered and became famous to a great extent because of the uniformity of quality of product. This high quality and its practically unvarying standard was to no small extent due to climatic conditions, as they influenced the moisture regain of the material in process. Even there, however, at some seasons the natural moisture was not sufficient or the natural temperature too high. Quickly the manufacturers seized upon and put into effect weird and wonderful schemes, from drenching floors to steam jets arid water pans, with which to let them muddle through. The American manufacturer, however, far more progressive, is not tied down to locality in order to 152 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & secure an approximately ideal and equable climate; other and now more important considerations may be made paramount, and the desired product of uniform standard every day is secured by air conditioning. It may, today, be stated almost as an axiom that the modern progressive textile mill in this country would about as soon leave off its roof as to omit its air conditioning equipment. Humidifying as a study necessarily was developed first, as the textile field offered the most fertile and profitable ground for this work; sub sequently followed such other industries as that of printing and litho graphing, where constant regain meant constant paper stretch and per fect registering of multicolor impressions. Consider how the addition and regulation of moisture in air has affected the manufacturer of maca- Fig. 84. Chocolate Dipping Room of Middle Western Candy Factory roni, the oxidation of paint and varnish coats in the automobile, fur niture and piano industries, the perfecting of the bread we eat and the milling of the flour from which it is made, the enamelware field, and the innumerable scientific drying processes for handling materials from garb age to bricks. All of these and many more have their individual problem, thought unsolvable until the adaptation of manufactured weather proved science again able to do the impossible. Sometimes the summer weather or its equivalent in the factoryis the stumbling block--high temperatures, high humidities, excessive regains.. However, if weather is at fault, then in its controlled state it can be made to undo its harmful work. So developed dehumidifying: the abstraction of excess moisture from air, fitting it to reduce the moisture contents of material, when put to work at moderate temperatures. In other words, reducing the moisture contents of the air so far that its vapor pressure would be lower than that of the material exposed to it, even though the temperature of that material were lower than the ordinary seasonal tem perature. Take hard candy, for instance. This cooked sugar, in an 153 - : AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & amorphous state, cooling in the usual summer weather, absorbs water just like any other material; given enough time, the clear, hard, compact mass forms a solid solution with the absorbed water, and the sugar slowly but surely crystalizes out as it was before the cooking. Cool the>same candy in air deprived of its excess vapor and winter time quality is ob tained. Many other processes in the candy factory--the chocolate dip ping and packing, the starch and storage rooms, gain by the use of cold, dry air. DEHUMIDIFYING As with its ally, humidifying, dehumidifying serves a long list of indus tries. The bakery, for the unvarying temperatures in its dough rooms, the cooling of the loaves, the cooling of mixers, the drying of biscuit with confectionary coatings, the chilling of storage rooms, needs air condition ing to insure mass quality production. The manufacturers of artificial silk and pearls would be at a standstill without dehumidified air, the' motion picture film and photographic paper industries would be shut down a third of the year without it. The drying of fine gelatin, the sum mer growth of mushrooms, the year-round production of yeast, the storage of furs moth-free, the wartime products of time-fuses and air plane parts, the making of rubber gloves and automobile tires, the drying and handling of matches, are a few among the notable dependents of this science. To this list can be added dozens more, each reader being able to recognize some. The test is: when the products or processes due to the weather, on any day or during any.season, are not up to standard, the need for air conditioning is established. The science has been carried in some few cases even beyond the service of specific processes in certain industries. Even Nature has been assisted; witness the infant incubators; note also the methods developed by the specialists for crowding into successive units of time, the sequence of ideal conditions so often interrupted in Nature as to take months and years for completion of the natural processes. Such refining of process . has been worked out successfully for such widely separated items as the curing of tobacco and the drying of lumber. The effects of manufactured weather, eliminating the interruptions of Nature, has opened such a broad field that by comparison the one heretofore claimed for this science is almost infinitesimal. So we have defined the term and have illustrated its meaning as we understand it. If an idea of the immense usefulness of this science to industry has been given, and if an understanding that it can only be scientifically applied by the specialist qualified by study, research and experience, has been obtained, then the object of this article has been fully accomplished. * 154 3 REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION may be accomplished mechanically, as in the case of anhydrous ammonia, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, ethyl chloride, etc., or chemically by the use of aqueous ammonia, known as the absorption system. ' In the use of mechanical refrigeration in the United States anhydrous ammonia is the most popular refrigerant. Authorities estimate that, anywhere from 95 to 98 per cent is accomplished by this method. The ammonia in the form of vapor is drawn from the cooling pipes located in the cold storage rooms or brine tank through a pipe line called the suction line by the action of the compressor. It is then converted into a super-heated gas and discharged from the compressor through a line called the pipe line into the ammonia condenser. The gas as it enters the condenser is quite hot and contains heat generated by com pression as well as heat taken from the goods in storage. In the condenser the gas is cooled by the use of water and converted into ammonia liquid under pressures which vary according to the temperature of the cooling water. The ammonia liquid is then condensed under the pressure of the condenser and the cooling pipes in the storage rooms or brine tanks as the case may be, where it is expanded into the cooling pipes, reducing the pressure as the volume increases. The liquid ammonia at the reduced pressure boils inside of the cooling pipes at a low temperature and thereby produces the desired cooling effect in the space surrounded by the cooling pipes. As the ammonia boils it is again converted into a vapor and drawn back to the compressor. through the suction line. This completes the cycle of operation. CONDENSERS Condensers are classified in practically three classes: atmospheric, double pipe, and submerged. ' The atmospheric condenser consists of a coil of pipe standing vertically with a water distributing trough over the top pipe, the ammonia is on the inside of the pipe. The water running down over the outside of the condenser, condenses the ammonia on the inside of the pipe. Most atmospheric condensers are constructed of 2-in. pipe. Atmospheric condensers must be placed in open places where the outside air has free access to the same, preferably the roof of a building. Double pipe condensers consists of two concentric pipes also in the form of a coil, the inner pipe containing the water and the surrounding or outer pipe the ammonia. Most double pipe ammonia condensers con sist of 2-in. for the outer pipe and for the inner pipe, although some condensers have been made of 23^-in. and lp^-in. pipes, and some of 3-in. and 2-in. pipes. . "* Some of the advantages of the double pipe condenser are that it may be placed near the other apparatus and does not have to be placed out- Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by Lee Nusbaum, Philadelphia, Pa. 155 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF MATING & YENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS GDIEB23 side as in the case of the atmospheric condenser. Further, on the double pipe condenser the cold water enters on the bottom and meets the liquid ammonia, sending the liquid ammonia away much cooler than in the case of the atmospheric condenser, where the hot water comes in contact with the liquid ammonia. When an atmospheric condenser is worn out it must be entirely scrapped, while in a double pipe condenser, the water pipes, which are the only pipes to deteriorate can easily be replaced. Another, advantage of the double pipe type is that it is easily cleaned by a spiral tube cleaner, while it is a much more tedious and uncertain job to clean the outside of the atmospheric condenser. The submerged condenser consisting of a tank containing water in which a coil conveying the ammonia is sub merged is seldom used now. Fig. 85. Relative Horse Power Consumption at Various Back Pressures The capacity of an ammonia compressor is governed mostly by the pressure of the ammonia gas, or vapor entering it. The higher the pres sure the heavier the ammonia and consequently more pounds of am monia will be pumped through the system per stroke of the compressor. The refrigeration accomplished is directly proportioned to the pounds of ammonia circulated in a given time. The higher the suction or inlet pressure the greater will be the refrigerating capacity of that plant. Roughly about 0.43 lb. of ammonia must be circulated through the system per minute per ton of refrigeration. When cooling and holding products in a room, the temperature at which they must be held will be determined largely by the nature of the goods Table 73. The circulating ammonia must be several degrees lower in temperature than the room. Ammonia at any stated temperature has a relative pressure which would consequently be the pressure of the ammonia entering the compressor and would therefore govern the capacity of it. It is desirable, from the power consumption basis, to operate the compressor with the highest possible back pressure, but this hardly ever exceeds 40-lb. gage pressure. Fig. 85 shows the relative horsepower consumption at various back pressures. This curve based upon averages and practical installations might deviate somewhat. , 156 T A B L E 7. C U B IC IN C H E S OF A M M O N IA VAPO R TO BE C IR C U L A T E D TO P R O D U C E O N E TON OF REFRIG ERATIO N IN TW ENTY-FO UR HOURS . 157 ZOH z o uD Q O acus 6H Q g</3 5 OS D--' -I- O H Id tUd. OF REFRIG ERATIO N IN TW ENTY-FO UR VENTILATIN6 ENGINEERS GDIDEJ923 ^ O' O' O0-O0 QOt't^'OvO'OiO'#rJ''tfOf#3tNCSNP4' 0'0'0'30fi000f^^'0OOl/)rf^"tf0f^fMrJNfN* O'O'SOoOoocOr--r--''OsC40i+<-+<rt,rococNCNCNCN* ih-^NO>4O'ONO>W00'd'O,tON^N< O' O' oo oo oo r- r--> cn cn cn cs .N>OOCC)CQt--r'-'.''0'tOtO'^'''^*cOrOCOCNCNCNCNT OvCOCOOOMt>*r>.'0'0'OtOiOTf'^fOf<)N(SNCJN O' oo co oo f -NO'O'O^iO^TfnrOCSrJlNiN' O' 00 OO 00 I -r--r-sOsOoio--*<T*''+<rococNCNCNCN! 00 oo OO r-r-- r'OO'Oi/iiO't^iffO^CNCMrsci'Hr- NT^^NHtO^loN>lOotf oooooot-t'-r-'0''0*040'''i'Tt'cococNCNeNCN* .<^r*'0'0'00`0 f^fOtsoKNOJ SBOfe.yp' HD '0r00''O'J,'-'C0'0'J,'l''OOl^t'^'HO'OC0M0-i MNOO'COr^^NOoO'Ort r--'-rt' 0'O^N'J'CO't cocOCOCNCNCNCNCNCN^h --if- i i i i.h - mm (*) l l l l I- I I I l II l ' 4N4P-csr'Mt'Nr^f-t AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BMTING & Iplp VENTlLATIN6EN6INIERSfimDE,19a)s Per Cent o f Salt by W eight S p e c ific Heat OO O to O OOOOOO lOONOOO'Q OOOOOOO CN 40 O O' 40 so O' *-- -- CN CN CN CN CN CN'tO'OtNCO O' oo oO t'- r-. so O' O' O' 0> O' o> oooooo ''CN O' 4 CN o-tco --OCN O' O' O' O' ON 00 oooooo C^t'OlOOCsNiOO'cOOO*N^ oooococifit^ oooooo M^O'f^'OO O i-- -- cn cn co oooooo rc-o* tJo* ctoo s^O OnOO r'O- OOoOoO 1.091 1.115 1.155 1.187 1.196 1.204 Specific G ravity at 60 F. T A B L E 60. P R O P E R T IE S OF S O D IU M C H L O R ID E B R IN E tcBo 0WCJ . O O O iO O 40 --< CN CO CO IOIOONNN to v r- oo O' O ON'J'OOOO CN 40 o ^ 40 40 4-t CN CN CN CN Degrees tlom eter at 60 F. to vi td U O, (J D < Z. o S S < H Z o cl o - td td tc U, D e g re e s .' C e n tig ra d e A t Freezing Point of Brine 1 A t 5 Above Freezing P o in t of Brine 'tOOOCS^'O NOM'toCOSfNO'COOQ^ oo o : Tf o oo O' : O O iO O `O iMO O40OvotJO tN}< Orf 4 4 1/^ 4 'i'fO'-iOOON "4* * -4* <* CO CO O O O O 40 O 40 Ti'd^6o'0'o CO co CN CN 1-1 w 04 t O O O *0 o cTjo CO c-!n* --Tf< OT* 40 40 O O O 40 OO t---s O" co ^ cO fO co co co co O O O O 40 40 o. O' 0 O 'O 40 CN MCNNhhh- CO 0 O' co r-- G O -!'-> CN CN CO 1 1 1.1 II oo io r- ro r- ^ CO^^IOOC111111 O' O o- to CO CN OO-H'tsOC'ObO 1111111 16.0 12.2 co so QO -- 'O OO'OONN'O tOCNMMCMM CN O' 40 CN O' t'" 0 CO.CN -OsOO CN CN CN CN -h i-i -4 .7 -1 .1 +0.5 + 1.2 +6.1 Degrees F a h re n h e it + + a*j <dU. s IS5 CU O' OS H (</} Pounds per G a l. co'Oooc'Jt***'-. OCSlOOsMiO OHwrHfSN ^NcOOOO MOi'OfOON CO CO ^ 40 O sO O cn Orj< Orf 0r--0 0s0 Oio OO O^N CO O' 'J'O'N'OO't OO O sC '-1 -CNh i/) <N O't ro CO OOOOOO CO CO C* OO CNt*. CO CN 1-H O O O' IO S C-- cO OO OOOOOO cn o oo so oo o v oo cn t-- oo i-- OfOO'fO't'O ` O I--* CN CN CN : : : i 159 'AMERICAN SOOETY(ff BEffllNfi & T A B L E 70. P R O P E R TIE S O F C A L C IU M C H L O R ID E B R IN E au tu (tc/o>i cu (OJ '< oZ T. < fQcl 5a ct .i<wjn H Z cou z 160 Pounds per {. .Gal. . Pounds per Cu. Ft. Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Centigrade A t Freezing Point of Brine Degrees A t 5 Above Salometer at Freezing 60 F. Point , of Brine Degrees Specific Baume at G ravity at 00 F. 60 F. Specific Heat oaoo> -- cm ro 111 O' t-- to +++ NroN-->o"oi +++ to CM to OO 777 to rf +++ co c- OO -- rov. !--1 O*--'. CCMM 'CMCOOC'O* iC--O rj- A----\ CM CM CM CO 4 3 .5 # 41.0 38.5 40 O O 50.0# 47.0 44.5 42.0 40.0 36.5 40 44 54 cm 'O 10 11 13 -- oo WON 111 CM COO 030 00 to to to to CCMO CCMM CM to f" CM to to to *C"M o*--o< O*--1 -2 2 .2 -2 7 .2 -3 2 .8 -3 9 .4 -4 7 .7 O' to o^c 95 104 112 120 Max. D. two cn'cpmg tCJM- vCOM OCMO TCO* CfOM 1.024 1.041 1.058 1.076 1.085 1.103 1.121 1.159 1.179 1.199 1.219 1.240 1.305 1.283 0.980 0.964 0.936 0.91 0.896 0.884 0.868 0.844 0.834 0.817 0.799 0.778 i o.o r--- iC"M 11l CO Tf N^t Oco'.t*o* 11 to to CfOM CO CCMM CT*M" COM "* CO -- -- CM Per Cent of Salt by W eight OON | YENT1LATIN6 ENGINEERS GDIDE.W23 ; j: 161 T A B L E 72. C O LD STO R AG E P IP IN G R atio o f Cubic Foot o f Room Space to One L in e a l Foot o f Various Size A m m onia and B rin e P ipe . T E M P . 40 F. T E M P . 35 F. T E M P . 30 F. T E M P . 25 F. 7750 16. Brine 2.9 ........|l.8 ] 3,3 3.7 1 Cu. F t. to 1 F t. of Pipe 7.3 5.9 8.8 .9.8 8.3 * (N CO dj* k dj> 04 to 04 04 t~. 04 04 tS* CO CO 04 d* 04 * t- Ft. Per D I. Ex. Ton 2.9 2.2 3.1 3-4 4.5 1 20. 28. Cu. Cu. Cu. F t. to 1 F t. of Pipe ! Ft. Per D I. Ex. Ton 9500 Cu. F t. to 1 F t. of Pipe Brine 120 150 225 375 750 1250 Il350 ii <N eo CO 04 t, 04 04 04 * IN 00 04 CO o CO e-` 04 d04f CO 04 04 t* 3350' 4150 750 8C0O4 r-" dj< 8 8 a dj< Id. C4 04 dj- t. 04 04 04 IN o 04 * 0* 8 04 t- dj< s CO co CO ' id d . CO 't to N Id 04 04 04 04 oCO 0to4 3500 4600 5500 6500 8 6 -2 9 -5 2500 8.3, 1500 400 | 850 140oj IN 04 d* 04 04 7.5 00 X CO Fjl o 04 a L. 2.5 3.8 4.1 2/2 3.4 2.3 3.5 Brine 6750 25. 5750 10. 22. 2.9 2.4 IN (3 5 5" in 04 3 td 2.5 2.6 4.1 140 2.7 4 .3 '180 2.8 4.4 22. 25. | CO NCO * CO , 6.5 7.6 1 500 3.1 ! 4 .7 5.4 1 44 7'3 004 04 oi 04 00 04 1450 1750 2750 3750 4750 2 04 04 3 04 dj< Brine 26. 150 200 `X w 3 s L CO CO 3.4 5,5 CO , 7.5 8.7 04 dT 04 o 8 8250 20. 30, 9760 Ft. 1 Per Ton Cu. 37. 30. 25. 7000 20. 30. I 5000 22. | 300 3,2 2.7 Cu. F t. to I F t. of Pipe 0009 |oooi | 009 rs 20. 2 9 : . 8500 35. 1500 1 2000 ; 3000 4000 Ft. Per Cu. 04 CO 04 3.1 5'5 I 6,4 8.5 4,6 2.9 4.7 . Brine oo df 3 Id CO df 04 00 04 CO ,29. 44, CL 04 04 CO dj<. 2 00 u to dj 0- 04- 05 7250 23. 35. Cool Ton Ton Cu. F t. to l.F t. of Pipe 70000|, 8750 10250 20000 6250 5250 100 700 3 .8 6.3 1075 7 2' I 500 1550 S 6' 1000 2250| 3000 | 3250 5000 4250 50 1 325 3 ,6 160 3.4 20 1 220| 3 .5 5.9 D I. Ex. F t. l Per of Cu. Space to ' C ubic Feet 04 04 162 o o 8 TABLE 73. COLD STORAGE TEMPERATURES Articles Den. fahr. Apples.., . . Bananas................ Berries, Fresh............................. Cranberries................ Cantaloupes............. Dates, Figs, etc........... Fruits,- Dried............ Grapes............... ..... 32-36 ..... 60 ..... 36 ..... 33-36 ..... 40 ..... 50-55 .... 35-40 Lemons..... Oranges Peaches. Pears. .... 34-36 .. . .... 34-36 Watermelons .. .... 34-36 MEATS Brined Beef, Fresh....... Beef, Dried. .. . Calves.... Hams, Ribs, Shoulders (not .... 33 .... 36-40 .... 32 33 brained)................. ... Hogs.................................................... 20 Lard........ Livers.... ` Sheep, Lambs. ..... ............... Ox-Tails...:...... ... Sausage Casings....... ' Tenderloin, Butts, etc FISH . ... 32 ... 30 ... 20 ... 33 Fresh Fish Dried Fish . Oysters in Shell......... Oysters in Tub.......... ... 36 ... 30-35 ... 25 CANNED GOODS Sardines. Fruits..... Meats..... ... 35-40 ... 35--40 ... 35-40 BUTTER; EGGS. Etc. Butter..:... Butterine.............. Cheese.... - 15 Eggs............... ..................................... LIQUIDS Articles Beer, Ale, Porter, etc .. Cider..'.......... Ginger Ale................ Wines.. Champagne.... Deg. fahr. 33 FLOUR AND MEAL Buckwheat Flour Corn Meal .. . Oat Meal Wheat Flour............ ............. 36-40 ............. 36-40 VEGETABLES Asparagus....... 1.............. Cabbage..................... Carrots................... Celery..................... Dried Beans............. Dried Corn............... Dried Peas................ Onions... Parsnips.......................... Potatoes................ Sauerkraut. . .. ............ 34-35 ........... 34-35 ........ 36 ............ 34-35 M ISCfeLLANEOUS Cigars, Tobacco..................... ______ Furs, Woolens, etc. Honey................ 35 Hops........... Maple Syrup, Sugar...... Oils............................... .......... 40 Poultry, Dressed, Iced ........... 2S-30 Poultry, Dry Picked ........... 26-28 Poultry, Scalded.................... ..... ..... 20 Game, To Freeze. ........... 10-15 Game, After Frozen . ........... 25-28 Poultry, To Freeze.. ........... 10-15 Poultry, After Frozen ........ ........... 25-28 Nuts, in Shell........................ ______ 35-40 Chestnuts........ TABLE 74. FREEZING TIME IN HOURS TO FREEZE CAN OF ICE Temp, of Brink 4" Width of Can 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 12" 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 5.10 5.60 6.22 7.00 8.00 9.30 11.20 14.00 8.00 8.75 9.70 11.00 12.50 14.60 17.50 21.00 11:5 12.6 14.0 15.8 18.0 21.0 25.2 31.5 15.6 17.3 19.0 21.5 24.5 28.5 34.3 42.8 20.4 22.4 25.0 28.0 32:0 37.3 44.8 56.0 25.8 28.4 31.5 35.5 40.5 .47.2 56.7 71.0 31.8 35.0 39.0 43.7 50.0 58.3 70.0 87.5 38.5 42.3 47.0 53.0 60.5 70.5 84.7 106.0 45.8 50.4 56.0 63.0 72.0 84.0 100.0 126.0 Note.--Above table based on ice freezing from four sides, to close, bnne at 15. . 11-in. can ice will take about 45 to 50 hr. 163 r AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENmAIlN6 ENGINEERSGIM1923 TABLE 75. PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS Substance COMPOSITION Water Solids Specific Heat Above Freezing in Heat Units Specific Heat Below Freezing in Heat Units Latent Heat of Freezing in Heat Units Water.......... Lean BeefFat Beef..... Veal.............. Fat Pork.... Eggs-......... Potatoes..... Cabbage..... Carrots....... Milk.... ........ Oysters....... White Fish. Eels.............. Lobster....... Pigeon..:..... Chicken__:. Ice CreamWines.......... 72.00 51.00 63.00 39.00 70.00 74.00 91.00 83.00 87.50 80.38 78.00 62.07 76.62 72.40 73.70 28.00 49.00 37.00 61.00 30.00 26.00 9.00 17.00 12.50 19.62 22.00 37.93 23.38 27.60 26.30 1.00 0.77 0.60 0.70 0.51 0.76 0.80 0.93 0.87 0.90 . 0.84 0.82 0.69 0.81 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.50 0.41 0.34 0.39 0.30 0.40 0.42 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.42 144 102 72 90 55 100 105 129 118 124 114 111 88 108 102 105 88 164 EXHAUST AND COLLECTING SYSTEMS PNEUMATIC exhaust and collecting systems may be classified in various ways. They may be classified by the economic purpose to be accomplished by the industries served, or by the type of system used. Classifying exhaust systems by industries served, they fall in sub divisions such as, metal working, woodworking, leather and shoe manu facturing, rubber industry, flint grinding, pottery works, pulverizing works, celluloid manufacturing, printing establishments, felt hatting and fur manufacturing, textile mills, grain and cereal industry, etc. ' TYPES OF SYSTEMS The type of exhaust system to be used is determined by the industry served, kind of material handled, and the work to be accomplished. There are two general arrangements; the central and the group systems. In the central system a single or double fan is located near the center of the shop with a piping system radiating to the various machines to be served. In the group system, which is sometimes employed where the machines to be served are widely scattered, small individual exhaust fans are located at the center of the machine groups. The group arrangement has the advantage of flexibility. It is, however, more difficult to balance than the central, and also the large number of small diameter trunk lines required show a much higher friction loss per foot of length than with the central system where one large main pipe serves a considerable number of machines. Exhaust systems are also characterized by the means employed to collect the dust or other material handled. The dust or refuse may be collected and controlled by enclosing hoods, open hoods, inward air leakage or general room exhaustion. With another class of machinery it is not feasible to closely hood the machines and in these cases open hoods over or adjacent to the machines are provided to collect as much of dust and fumes arising as. possible. In this class come such machines as rubber mills, package filling ma chinery, sand blast, crushers, forges, pickling tanks, melting furnaces, and the unloading points of various types of conveyors. The open hoods should be placed as close to the source of dust or fumes as possible with due regard to the movements of the operator. When the hood has to be placed at some distance above the machine it should be large enough to encompass an area of considerable extent as diffusion is usually quite rapid. Consideration must also be given to the natural movement of the fumes. For those that are lighter than air the. hood should be over or above the machine and where a heavy vapor or dust-laden air at ordinary Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1023 by H. M. Nichols. Boston. Mass. 165 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & I WNTILAIIN6ENGMERSGDM.1923 temperature is to be removed, horizontal or floor connections are re quired. If it is attempted to remove heavy dust such as lead oxides by an overhead hood the conditions may be worse than if no exhaust were used at all, owing to the rising air currents carrying the dust up through the breathing zones. The principle to keep in mind in all cases is to take advantage of the natural tendency of the material to move upward or downward. . .. In another class of operation the main object is to prevent the escape of dust into the surrounding atmosphere, the removal of some dust from the machine or enclosure being merely incidental. The dust creating apparatus is enclosed within a housing which is made as tight as prac ticable,- and sufficient suction is applied to the enclosure to maintain an inward air. leakage, thus preventing escape of the dust. While the ex haust system is only required to handle the air which leaks in through the crevices and openings in the enclosure, yet in many installations leakages are very high and great care is required to obtain satisfactory results with a system of this kind. The inward leakage principle is utilized for controlling dust in the operating of tumbling barrels, grinding, screen ing, elevating and similar processes. ' Certain dust and fume producing operations are best carried on by isolating the process in a separate compartment or room and then apply ing general ventilation to this space. The compartment or room in which the work is performed should be as small as is consistent with convenience in handling the work. The ventilating system should be designed so that a .strong current of clean air is drawn across the operator, and away from him toward the work, where the dust is picked up and carried from the. room. IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS OF AN EFFI CIENT EXHAUST AND COLLECTING SYSTEM It is impracticable to enumerate all of the requirements for an efficient exhaust and collecting system, however, among the more important there are the following: 1. Fans, collectors, hoods, and ducts should be of adequate size. . 2. Air volume and velocities should be adequate for the work to be accomplished. 3. The exhaust hoods should not interfere with the operation of the machine or access to its working parts. 4. The system should not increase the fire hazard. 5. The system should not increase the dust explosion hazard. 6. Where power is expensive, should do the required work with a minimum poweF consumption. 7. In cold climates, should not remove any more air than necessary from the building. . 8. Where power is comparatively cheap, first cost should be low, even if the power required to operate is slightly higher. 166 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF BEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGUM,K23 In designing an exhaust system certain quantities must be chosen arbitrarily by the engineer, and the success of the installation depends to a large degree upon his experience and the skill with which he chooses these arbitrary quantities. It is quite possible for an inexperienced de signer to lay out a system which may figure out properly, but the general results are likely to be unsatisfactory. The first step in designing systems employing hoods to trap the material is to determine the number and size connections for each individual machine. At this point the designer's past experience is of great value, as, while it is possible to set certain general standards, yet in actual practice the sizes are considerably affected by the local conditions which the Fig. 86. Heat and Vapors from Ironing Operations in Laundry Removed by Exhaust System layout man finds in the field, and he bases the pipe sizes and hoods on his judgment, being guided by his experience and the general practice. The size of hoods and connections are determined by the size and type of machines or apparatus to be handled by the exhaust system, by the kind of material worked, by the duty of the machines and other local conditions. It is impracticable to lay down any general rules for de termining size connections for the various types of machines and Tables 1 to 3, giving sizes as used in some of the common industries are only intended to serve as a general guide. Under certain favorable conditions smaller connections may be supplied. Open bottom exhaust hoods of the canopy type, where it is impractical to enclose completely the point of origin of the dust or fumes, should extend over the machine or operation at least 6 in. in every direction if the hood is not elevated more than 2 ft. For each additional 2 ft. of elevation, the size of the hood should be increased 6 in. in all directions. : In systems employing inward air leakages the area of connections must be proportional to total leakage area in the enclosing housing. 167 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & YENTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERSGDIDB23] TABLE 76. SIZE OF CONNECTIONS FOR WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY Type of Machine Diameter of Connections in Inches Circular Saws, 12 in. diam................................................................................. Circular Saws, 12-24 in. diam..................................................... ! Circular Saws, 24-40 in. diam................................................... ! Band Saws, Blade under 2 in. wide................................................................. j Band Saws, Blade 2-3 in. wide......................... -............................................. Band Saws, Blade 3-4 in. wide........................................................................] Band Saws, Blade 4-5 in. wide............................................................... 1 Band Saws, Blade 5-6 in. wide............................ ! Small Mortisers............................................... \ Single End Tenoners..............................................................................................j Double End Tenorers............................................................................................j Double End, Double Head Tenoners__ ,.................................... :................| Planers, Matchers, Moulders, Stickers, Jointers, etc.-- With Knives, 6-10 in................................................................................ With Knives, 10-20 in..................................................... : With Knives, 20-30 in............................................. \ Shapers, Light Work............................................................................................. { Shapers, Heavy Work--....................................................................................... Belt Sander,. Belt less than 6 in. wide........................................................... Belt Sander, Belt 6-10 in. wide.... .................................................................` Belt Sander, Belt 10-14 in. wide.............,.......... ...... ..................................... j Drum Sander, 24 iir..................................................................... j Drum Sander, 30 in............................................................................................... Drum Sander, 36 in................................................................................................ 1 Drum Sander, 48 in.............................. J Drum Sander, over 48 in.......................................................... I Disc Sander, 24 in. diam.............................................................. Disc Sander, 26-36 in. diam.............................................................................. . Disc Sander, 36-48 in. diam...... .......................... ' Arm Sander..... ......................................................................................................... : 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 8 6 6 7 10 5-6 6-8 6-10 4-5 8 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 10 5 6 7 4 TABLE 77. SIZE OF CONNECTIONS.FOR GRINDING AND BUFFING WHEELS Diameter of Wheels Max. Grinding Surface Sq. In. Min. Diam. of Branch Pipes in Inches Grinding 6 in. or less, not over 1 in. thick. 7 in. to 9 in., inclusive, not over \}A in. thick....... 4110 in. to 16 in* 17 in. to 19 in., " " " " "2 "3 in. in. " 1420 in. to 24 in., " " " 4 in. 25 in. to 30 in., " " 11 5 in. 19 43 101 180 302 472 3. ZA 4 i'A 5 6 Buffing 6 in. or less, not over.l in. thick.. 7 in. to 12 in., inclusive, not over 1 13 in. to 16 in., 4` " "2 17 in. to 20 in., " " "3 21 in. to 27 in., " " "4 27 in. to 33 in., " * " " 5 in. thick....... in. in. in. in. " 44 44 44 19 57 101 189 .338 518 ZA 4 4A 5 6 7 168 YENT1LAIIN6 ENGINEERS 6DD]Ei%3 Tumbling barrels have connections ranging from 4 to 8 in., bucket con veyors 6 to 12 in., and screening machines 6 to 10 in. In general room exhaust large connections should be provided so that the air may be handled at low velocity and with a minimum power con sumption. After having determined on the proportions of the exhaust system as regards hoods and connections it is then necessary to choose the air velocity or suction at the hood connections, suction at the hood connections being a measure of the air velocity at that point. lrir,. S7. Exhaust axd Conveying System Handles Waste from Wood Working Machines AIR VELOCITY The air velocity required is dependent upon the specific gravity of the material, the fineness of the particles, and their physical characteristics. Certain materials such as grease wools, silk waste, salt, and other hydroscopic substances are difficult to handle due to the tendency to deposit in the conveyor pipes. While the velocity in the system should be sufficiently high to insure the removal of the material it should be kept as-low as practicable since any higher velocity requires the use of unnecessary power. With a fixed system or orifice the power increases as the cube of the increase in velocity. Velocities commonly employed are: 2.500 to 3,000 ft. per min. for light dusts, cotton, shavings and sawdust from dry wood, and similar 1G9 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HtATM & VENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSGDIDE,023) substances. Heavy dusts, wool, shavings and sawdust from wet wood, rags, waste paper and similar materials 3,000 to 4,000 ft. per min. Lead dust, hog waste, pulp chips, etc., 4,000 to 6,000 ft. per min. In choosing the pipe sizes consideration must be given to the way and manner in which the machines will be operated, as in case a considerable number of machines, all discharging into one main, should be shut off at the same time, the velocity in the main might easily be lowered to the point where it would not be sufficient to carry the material from the machines still in operation, and thus result in clogging the pipes. Ac cordingly, it is sometimes desirable to use velocities higher than the mini mum to allow a factor of safety to cover this contingency. The resistance of a round pipe to the flow of air is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the diameter of the pipe. Therefore, handling a given quantity of air through a larger pipe at a lower velocity decreases the frictional resistance very materially and correspondingly decreases the horse-power required at the fan, and thus it is very desirable to keep the air velocities throughout the system as low as possible, consistent with the major requirement that the material must be taken away as fast as made, without clogging the pipes, under the varying operating conditions met with Trom. day to day in the plant. The static suction required at the hood connections varies from .1 to 5 in. of water. The. suction required depends upon many factors such as the relative size of the hoods and connections, kind and quantity of material handled,'as well as its physical condition. In some states codes have been issued specifying suctions to be maintained for the more common dusts. A suction standard should always be considered in conjunction with the shape of hood, and size connection, as these factors together determine the volume of air exhausted and its velocity which in turn are a measure of the effectiveness of the exhaust system. TABLE 78. SUCTIONS REQUIRED AT HOODS FOR CONNECTIONS OF USUAL PROPORTIONS Static Suction in In. of* ' Water Exhausting from Grinding and Buffing Wheels..... .......................... Exhausting from tumbling barrels........................................... ............... Exhausting from wood-working machinery--light duty...:........... Exhausting from wood-working machinery--heavy duty----- Shoe Machinery Exhaust...... .............................................................. ....... Exhausting from rubber manufacturing processes........................... Flint grinding exhaust.......................................... ........................................ Exhausting from pottery processes....................................................- - Lead dust and fume.exhaust......... .............................. ........ ..................... Fur and Felt Machinery Exhaust....................................,......... ............. Exhausting from textile machinery................................................ Exhausting from elevating and crushing machinery.............. -....... Conveying bulky and heavy materials........ ......................................... 1-2 1-2 1-2 2-4 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 2-3 1-3 1-2 3-5 170 fAMERICAN SOCIETY OFHEflTlNG & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGDIDR023 The cubic feet of air of standard density taken into the system at each connection is given by the formula: Q = 4000 where Q -- Cubic feet of air per minute; A ~Area of connection in square feet; / = Orifice or restriction coefficient; f --Static suction measured in inches of water. Fig. 8S. Collectors on Roof of New Jersey Piano Factory . The orifice coefficient / is dependent upon the shape and construction of the hood and will range from 60 to 90 per cent. An average value is 70 per cent. Knowing the suction at each hood and the diameter of each connection, the volume of air passing up each branch can be taken from the accom panying Table SO. The sum of all these volumes gives the total volume to be handled by the exhaust fan. _- Common practice is to provide a main suction pipe having an area 20 to 25 per cent in excess of the sum of the areas of the branches enter ing it between the point in question and the dead end of the main. 171 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING M^^TTMTIMTIN6 ENGINEERSGHDJ923^s TABLE 79. CUBIC FEET OF AIR HANDLED PER MINUTE THROUGH AVERAGE COLLECTING HOODS Based on Coefficient of Orifice op 0-71 with 10 Per Cent Added for Leakage Diam. OF CONNEC TION Pipe In. 1 Maintained Suction--In. Water Gage l'A 2 2K 3 4 5 IA 2 2'A 3 3A 4 4A 5 6. 7 8 9 10 38 68 107 153 209 273 345 427 614 835 1092 1381 1705 47 84 131 188 256 334 423 523 751 1023 1337 1694 2090 54 97 161 217 296 386 488 605 867 1181 1546 1953 2409 61 108 168 243 330 431 546 676 970 1322 1727 2184 2695 67 118 . 185 266 362 473 598 741 1062 1448 1892 2387 2959 76 136 214 306 418 546 690 854 1228 1670 2184 2762 3410 86 153 238 343 466 609 775 955 1373 1870 2440 3091 3806 Similarly the discharge pipe leading from the fan outlet to collector is frequently made the-same diameter as the large end of the main suction pipe. The reason for this increase in size is that a considerable power saving results from the lower air velocity. However, there is no technical reason why mains should be a certain percentage greater area than the sum of the connections, and still lower power consumption can be ob tained by using larger branches and mains of equal area. While the rule of thumb method of determining size of mains works very well in many cases, yet it is always desirable to figure the mains and branches of the proper size to give the velocity which has been found best suited to the work to be done. . In certain special cases where explosive or poisonous dusts such as aluminum buffings, grain dust, powdered sugar, or lead dust are handled, increasing the size of the mains unduly would introduce a serious hazard. An exhaust system to be effective must remove a certain amount of air from each hood or other connection, and in addition must maintain sufficient velocity throughout the piping system to convey the dust or refuse material to the separator. Any system which is mechanically well constructed and handles the requisite air at the connections and maintains sufficiently high velocities, is an effective system from the standpoint of the work done. However, to keep the operating cost low it is advantageous to do the work with as low velocities as the character istics of the material will permit. The skilled designer will keep both of these requirements in mind and produce a system which is both effective and economical of power. The maintained resistance of the exhaust system is composed of three factors: (1) Loss through the hoods; (2) Collector drop; and (3) Fric tion drop in the pipes-. 172 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & VENTILATING ENGINEERSGDIDE,1923 TABLE SO. FRICTiONAL RESISTANCE OF STRAIGHT CONVEYOR PIPE To Flow of Air Per 100 Feet of Pipe Vel. of Air in Feet per Min. 2000 2200 2400 2600 >800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 . 4" 1.92 2.32 2.77 3.26 3.76 4.33 4.93 5.56 6.23 6.95 7.69 8.48 9.26 11.05 13.00 15.25 17.30 Loss of. Pressure in Inches for Given Diameter Pipe 5" 1.53 1.85 2.22 2.60 3.01 3.46 3.94 4.45 4.98 5.55 6:15 6.78 7.41 8.85 10.50 12.05 13.85 6" 1.28 1.55 1.84 2.17 2.52 2.88 3.28 3.71 4.15 4.62 5.13 5.65 6.18 7.38 8.66 10.05 11.52 7" 1.09 1.32 1.58 1.86 2.15 2.47 2.82 3.18 3.56 3.97 4.40 4.85 5.30 6.32 7.44 8.61 9.89 8" .962 1.16 1.39 1.63 1.89 2.08 2.47 2.78 3.12 3.48 3.85 4.25 4.63 5.55 6.50 7.55 8.66 10" .770 .932 1.01 1.30 1.51 1.73 1.97 2.22 2.49 2.78 3.08 3.49 3.71 4.43 5.21 6.03 6.92 12" .640 .778 .924 1.08 1.26 1.44 1.64 1.85 2.08 2.32 2.57 2.83 3.09 3.69 4.34 5.05 5.76 14" 16" . 18" 20" 22" 24" 30" 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 . .550 .655 .790 .930 1.07 1.24 1.41 1.59 1.78 1.99 2.20 2.43 2.66 3.17 3.72 4.32 4.95 .482 .582 .693 .810 .932 1.08 1.23 1.43 1.56 1.74 1.92 2.12 2.33 2.77. 3.25 3.78 4.33 .428 .578 .617 .722 .838 .961 . 1.09 1.24 1.38 1.54 1.71 1.88 2.06 2.46 2.89 3.35 3.85 .385 .465 ..553 .650 .754 .865 .985 1.11 1.25 1.39 1.54 1.70 1.85 2.22 . 2.61 3.02 3.46 .350 .423 .504 .590 .685 .788 .895 1.01 1.13 1.26 1.40 1.54 . 168 2.02 2.36 2.74 3.14 .320 .388 .462 .542 .628 .722 .820 .925 1.04 1.16 1.28. 1.42 1.54 1.85 2.16 2.52 2.89 .257 .310 .369 . .434 .503 .577 .657 .742 .832 .926 1.03 1.13 1.24 1.48 1.75 2.01 2.31 FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF ELBOWS . bows having a radius equal to the pipe diameter set up a resistance equivalent to a section of straight pipe approximately 10 diameters long. With a radius of 1M times the diameter the resistance is about the same as seven diameters of straight pipe. A. Suction- at the various hoods must be chosen from experience. Loss through the hoods can be calculated by an experienced engineer but may be taken very roughly at one-half the suction. 5. Collector drop in inches of water is given by the following formula: Drop C 2. where C = a constant which depends upon the type of collector and is found to range from 0.25 to 0.75; V -- velocity in feet per minute of air entering the collector. 173 4' 1 VENTILATINti ENGINEERS GIIDEI923 C. Friction drop in the pipes must be computed for each section where there is a change in area or in velocity. Find the velocities in each sec tion of pipe starting with the branch' furthest from the fan. The friction drop for these sections can be determined by reference to Table --. Total friction loss in the piping system is the friction drop in furthest branch plus the drop in the various sections of the main, plus the drop in the discharge pipe. The total maintained resistance of the system--or static head re quired at the fan = A SELECTING THE FAN Having determined the volume of air and static head required, the size of exhaust fan, speed and horsepower can be found by reference to the manufacturers performance tables or charts covering the type of exhaust fan selected. The usual types of ventilating fans are unsuitable for exhaust systems which are required to handle materials such as shavings, sawdust, emery dust, etc. Higher pressures are required than in ventilating work and in addition housings and blast wheel must be so constructed that the materials handled do not deposit in same. While the fans used in different exhaust systems are more or less of the same general type, modifications are frequently necessary to fit them for handling such materials as long shavings, strips of paper, cotton, pulverized coal, etc. The most common method of separating the dust and other materials from the air is to pass the mixture through a centrifugal or "cyclone" collector. In this type of collector the mixture of the air and material is introduced on a tangent, near the cylindrical top of the collector, and the whirling motion sets up a centrifugal action causing the compara tively heavy materials suspended in the air to be thrown against the side of the separator, from which position it spirals down to the tail piece, while the air escapes through the stack at the center of the collector. For most systems, the nominal size and number of the collector will be the same as the diameter in inches of the main pipe leading to it. The nominal sizes of the different makes of collectors vary greatly, and it is advisable to make sure that a collector is large enough to do the work without excessive pressure drop, irrespective of nominal number or size. The larger the collector the better will be the separation, and the less will be the back pressure on the fan and power consumed. Special construction is sometimes required for fine dust, also some blow pipe manufacturers use a special type of collector for furnace feed, the object being to deliver the material to furnaces as uniformly as possibly. When more than one fan delivers into a single collector a back pressure valve is required to preVent one fan blowing back through the other in case the second fan should stop for any reason. In most plants, where wood refuse is used for fuel, it is delivered by gravity directly from the collector to the furnace, The discharge pipe leading from the bottom of the collector is divided and the junction fur 174 AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING & IYENTILATIN6 ENGINEERSGDIDE,f923 nished with a switch or valve so arranged that when the material comes too fast for the fires it can be diverted into a reserve bin. The furnace feeder should be hinged where it is attached to the lower end of the discharge pipe, in order that it may be disconnected from the furnace when the fan is shut down. Also great care must be taken to provide an absolutely tight switch. Otherwise, when discharging refuse to the storage bin, fine sawdust will sift through this valve and settle in the furnace feed pipe, and, in case the fireman has neglected to dis connect the feeder from the furnace, the flame may flash back, following this train of fine sawdust, into the collector. . Other forms of collectors or separators, are: settling chambers, cloth screen and bag collectors, bag houses, air washers and electric precipi tators. DESIGN OF HOODS The mechanical design as regards shape and construction of the hoods is extremely important. Probably more systems fail from improper hood construction than from any other, one cause. If the material to be moved is already in motion, as are the chips thrown off from wood-working machines, the hoods should be arranged in the path of the particles so that the velocity of the particles assists the air in carrying the material to the throat of the hood. . Hoods should be arranged to draw dust and fumes away from the face of the operator. They should be placed as close as possible to the source of-dust or waste material and wherever practical, the hoods should en tirely enclose the dust producing operation. Hoods are usually constructed of galvanized sheet iron or other equally substantial and durable material. The material should be heavy enough to stand the abrasive action of the dust and refuse. The hoods should be of sufficient mechanical strength to keep their shape and should be well braced and substantially supported. Galvanized iron used should never be lighter than No. 22 gage. If acid or corrosive fumes are present heavy material painted with acid resisting paint should be used, or the hoods may be made of non-corrosive material. The exposed edges of all sheet metal hoods should be bound with wire or band iron, not only to give the necessary stiffness, but also to prevent the operator from being cut-by the raw edges of the sheets. CONVEYOR PIPES The conveyor pipes leading from the hoods to the fan and thence to the collector are commonly made of galvanized iron, the gage of which varies from No. 24 to 14, depending upon the diameter. The piping should be free from dents, fins and projections of all kinds on which refuse ma terial might catch. ' All permanent circular joints should be lap-jointed, riveted and sol dered, and all longitudinal joints either grooved and locked or riveted and 175 YFNTI1ATIN6 ENGINEERS6WDES23 soldered. Circular laps should be in the direction of the flow, and piping installed out-of-doors should have the longitudinal laps at the bottom. Every change in pipe size should be' made on a taper not by an abrupt change. . All pipes passing through roofs should be equipped with collars so arranged as to prevent water leaking into the building. The main trunks and branch pipes should be as short and straight as possible, strongly, supported, and have the dead ends capped to permit inspection and cleaning. All branch pipes should joing the main at an acute angle. The junction being at the side or top and never at the bot tom of the main. Branch pipes should not join the main pipes at points such that the material from one branch tends to enter .the branch on opposite side of main. . Cleanout openings having suitable covers should be so placed in the main and branch pipes that every part of the system can be easily reached in case the system clogs. Either a large cleanout door should be placed in the main suction pipe near the fan inlet or a detachable section of pipe, held in place by lug bands, may be provided. . Elbows should be made at least two gages heavier than straight pipe of the same diameter, the better to enable them to withstand the addi tional wear caused by changing the direction of flow. They should preferably have a throat radius of at least one and one-half times the diameter of the pipe.- . Every pipe should be kept open and unobstructed throughout its entire length, and no fixed screen should be placed in it, although the' use of a trap at the junction of the hood and branch pipe is permissible, provided it is not allowed to fill up completely. The passing of pipes through fire-walls should be avoided wherever possible, and sweep-up connections should be so arranged that foreign material cannot be easily introduced into them. Where considerable quantities of explosive dust or inflammable materials pass through the exhaust fan, the blast wheel should be con structed of brass composition, copper or other soft metal and in all cases ample clearance should be provided between blast wheels and housings. MAINTENANCE OF SYSTEM Because of its simplicity the exhaust system usually receives but little attention once it is installed; however, to obtain the best results, it should be inspected at suitable intervals and necessary adjustments made. The exhaust fan should be given proper attention the same as any other high-speed machine. It should be kept in proper alignment and tightly- bolted to its foundation. . Suction hoods, which have been removed to adjust the machines, should be replaced as soon as the adjustments are completed. Never start a machine with the blast gate closed, as the slight air leak age past the blast gate may draw material into the pipe and clog it. Disconnect furnace feeders from the furnaces when not in operation, and do not overload the system by ill-advised additions. . 176 Catalog Data Section with INDEX TO MODERN EQUIPMENT , (Pages 352-358) and INDEX. TO ADVERTISERS (Pages 359-360) Air Conditioning Atmospheric Conditioning Corporation General Western Office 841 Monadnock Block Chicago , Main Office 921 Lafayette Building Philadelphia Territorial Offices in the Principal Cities of the United States Also Throughout Canada and London, England Humidifying, Dehumidifying, Cleansing, Cooling, Humidity Control Modern Ventilation Modern Ventilation practice demands the removal of dust and foreign matter from incoming air whether it be for in suring comfort or providing healthful con ditions for audience, student or employee and applies to efficiency and accuracy in many manufacturing processes. Of more importance, however, is the maintenance of the proper relative hu midity by the 'addition or removal of moisture from the air according to season or local conditions. The design, manufacture and in some cases the installation of air conditioning apparatus in many types of buildings is our sole undertaking and during fifteen years of research and practice we have furnished hundreds of equipments with remarkable results. In Schools, Auditoriums, Theatres, Ball Rooms, Dining Rooms, Cafes, Court Rooms and all spaces where people gather in large numbers our type of equip ment has become essential. Webster Spray Nozzle Used in AU Atmospheric Installations Humidifiers have been furnished for producing and maintaining the proper relative humidity. Dehumidifiers have been installed in Industrial Plants where excessive humid ity must be removed, for drying or process work. This being accomplished either by evaporation of the spray water or the use of artesian well water. In many cases it is found necessary to resort to refrigeration and in this type of equipment we have excelled. View of Spray Chamber Sheaving Nozzles in Operation Equipment for Maintaining Artificial Atmospheric Conditions in Industrial Plants The addition of the proper percentage of humidity to make up deficiency. The removal of excessive humidity when high moisture content in the air prevents proper drying or carrying out of certain processes. Maintaining either high or low tempera tures where local conditions or specific ma terials demand such treatment. The maintenance of uniform humidity conditions within 2 per cent of that for which control is set. ' 178 Atmospheric Conditioning Corporation Air Conditioning Webster System of Humidity Control may be applied to the various types of Webster Air Washers, Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers. Perfect in principle and accurate in operation--the chief control ling thermostat subject to water, a Imedium with four times the specific heat of air. Service Air Conditioning Apparatus. a Duplicate of which Was Furnished after One Season's Trial of First Installation The maintenance of working spaces at the Comfort Zone to insure efficiency of employees. The cleansing and cooling of air for the Ventilation of Turbo-Alternators, equipment commonly known as Generator Coolers. Webster Air Washers Type A Apparatus, designed primarily for air washing in connection with ventila ting systems in public buildings, where a moderate cooling effect by evaporation is desired. Type B Apparatus, designed for air washing in public buildings and industrial plants, where the greatest possible cooling effect by evaporation is desired. , Each Air Conditioning problem is a separate study and it has been found im possible to set forth in catalogue or bulletin form such information as would apply to any specific case except in a general way. We have such catalogues and bulletins as would give the prospective purchaser Atmospheric Dehumidifier, in successful operation since 1918 in large plant manufacturing food Products Type A" Webster Air Washer Equipped with Humidity Control a general idea as to what the apparatus would consist but we find that in the end a personal interview is desirable. We gladly render service to those in terested, in the form of recommendations and quotations, no charge being made ex cept for actual equipment furnished. We will not undertake a contract where we cannot accomplish just the results the buyer wishes, but where we do accept an undertaking we will give our best thought and skill to its complete accomplishment. Air Conditioning farrier Engineering Corporation Offices and Laboratories: 750 Frelinghuysen Ave. Newark, N. J- Boston, 176 Federal St. Buffalo, Prudential Bldg. New York, 39 Cortlandt St. Chicago, Transportation Bldg. Philadelphia, Land Title Bldg. Carrier Engineering Co., Ltd. 24, Buckingham Gate, London Engineers, Manufacturers, Contractors, specializing in the design and instal lation of automatically controlled Air Conditioning Equipment, Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Humidification, Dehumidification, and the scientific application of Conditioned Air in Drying and Processing. Design and installation of Industrial Piping. Manufactured Weather to make "Every day a good day." Air Conditioning is the science of mechanically regulating the (1) tempera ture, (2) humidity, (3) cleanliness and (4) effective distribution of the air within buildings or enclosures, such as dryrooms. Based upon the pioneer research and invention of Willis H. Carrier during the last twenty years this Corporation has developed scientifically effective and me chanically adequate equipment and auto matic control for the conditioning of air. Carrier Equipment has been installed in more than one hundred distinctly different industries, as varied as the manufacture of chewing gum and cotton goods. The tremendous fund of engineering and construction experience acquired in meeting these widely varying requirements enables us to offer a valuable service in the design of air conditioning equipment for any purpose. The limitations of space herein preclude a complete technical description of the principles involved, the apparatus and the methods of automatic control employed. Broadly, wherever weather or the vari ations of atmospheric temperature and humidity affect either the labor or the process of manufacture, Carrier Equip ment can be applied to make " Every day a good day." ' Typical Carrier Humidifier, with Sprays in operation, showing Rotary Strainer (R) at Pump Inlet, Ejec tor Water Heater (E) in Pump Suction Line, Pump (P), Pump Motor (Af). and Pot Strainer (5) in Pump Discharge Line. Air enters the Hu midifier at thet right, thru the Distributor Plates, passes across the Spray Chamber where it is cleaned and saturated at the Spray Water tem perature, and leaves the Machine thru the Eliminator Plates, which, by means of their wet Surfaces, complete the Cleans ing A ction, and elim inate entrained or free moisture. 180 Carrier Engineering Corporation Air Conditioning Manufactured Weather (as we generally speak of air conditioning) can be provided in exact accordance with specific require ments. Humidifying equipment provides air that.is clean, heated to any desired degree in winter, cooled to the outdoor Wet Bulb temperature in summer, moist ened as required, and distributed uniformly and effectively to the area wherein it is to perform its functions, whether this be an entire building, separate departments of a building, the interior of a dryer or enclosed machines. Dehumidifying equipment, during the winter season, performs all the functions of humidifying apparatus and, in addition, by the use of naturally cold water or mechanical refrigeration, meets every summer requirement; providing any tem perature desirable and any degree of humidity or moistness required. Thus dehumidifying equipment makes possible the uninterrupted production in summer, or in localities where the climate is un favorable, of those materials which are affected by temperature or humidity, or both. Or dehumidification will relieve excessive temperature and moisture con ditions which affect the labor. The application of Conditioned Air in Drying or Processing is becoming more and more important every day. Con ditioned Air drying is a natural, efficient process, susceptible to accurate control and remarkably flexible in its adaptability to given requirements. The most delicate products, both physically and chemically, can be processed or dried under automatic control, quickly and at minimum cost. For the more rugged products, where speed and cost are the principal factors, con ditioned air drying or processing is, in nearly every instance, the most desirable and economical method available. On account of the multiplicity of factors involved in a comprehensive explanation of our business, we publish, privately, a bi-monthly magazine, The Weather Vein, which relates, not too technically, the constantly lengthening story of Manu factured Weather and its industrial ap plications. We invite any interested per son to become a "regular subscriber." The subscription price is your request. In addition to The Weather Vein we have published a number of Bulletins describing Carrier Apparatus and certain of its specific applications. These Bul letins are at your disposal, upon your request. We invite you to avail yourself of the opportunity to become familiar with the principles and practice of scientific air conditioning, through our publications. Manufactured Weather has proven an invaluable ally in scores of industries, and the list'is growing rapidly. Typical Carrier Self-Contained Dchumidificr. A--Distributor Plates. B--Sprays. C--Eliminator Plates. D---Outlet. E--Fan Connection. F--Fan. G--Fan Motor. H---Fan Outlet Connection to Duct System. Pump Suction Screen. J--Pump Suction Line. K--Three-way Mixing Valve. L--Line from Upper 2anft to Three-way Valve. M--Pump. N--Pump Motor. 0--Pump Discharge Line. P--Pot Strainer. Q--By-pass to Upper Tank for quick cooling at start. R--Drip Troughs over Baudelot Coils. S--Eaudelot wr Cot/j. T--Refrigerant Inlet. U--Refrigerant Outlet. V--Air Compressor for Automatic Control. W---Overflow from Lower Tank. X--Upper Tank Drain. Y--Ixnver Tank Drain to Sewer. 2--Fresh Water Connections for Make-up and Cleaning. 181 Air Conditioning W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc. 31 Union Square West New York, N. Y. ^ Chicago, 111., 530 South Clinton St. Philadelphia, Pa., 135 North 3rd St. Consulting and Contracting Industrial Engineers for Air Conditioning and Drying , Slurlevanl--Ueisher AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS h Ij Sturtevanl-Fleisher Equipment The Sturtevant-FIeisher air conditioning systems are designed to Overcome the handicaps imposed on industry by variations in, or adverse climactic, weather or atmos pheric conditions. They insure to the manufacturer that effect on materials and pro cesses which can only be produced by ideal air characteristics, making his plant entirely independent of the seasons or the weather. ^ Whether the cure for such difficulties involves the creation of high or low tempera ture, and high or low humidities in any combination, dependable apparatus, a careful design and a broad basis of experience, is offered by the combined Sturtevant and . Fleisher organizations. . All apparatus used is manufactured by the B. F. Sturtevant Co., the oldest, largest and one of the most experienced fan and air apparatus builders in this country. The highest type of service, both from the engineering and contracting viewpoints, is assured by W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc. Catalogs are ready for distribution, giving both the general details of the apparatus used, and also, for each specific industry, giving the particular advantages of such in stallations to that industry. Sales Engineers are located in practically every principal city. Upon request they , will call on manufacturers for consideration of their problems and to collect data for recommendations, estimates, and guarantees of results. ; . 182 Air Washers The Cooling Tower Co., Inc. 17 John Street, New York AIR WASHERS COOLING TOWERS SPRAY NOZZLE SYSTEMS Representatives in Principal Cities The. air washers tabulated below embody all the good features of the best modern practice and have been designed to meet the specifications of Architects and Engineers for public buildings. Some exclusive features are the special clog-proof nozzles, the duplex spray heads with scale arrester, and automatic hu midity control devices. For information on washers for generators, ask for Bulletin K. .AIR WASHERS FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS Length T 0" Air Vel. gross area 450' per min. Resistance 0.2" water gage. Washer Num ber Total Width Total Height Ca pacity Cubic Feet per Min. B- 5 B- 7 B- 9 B-|| C- 7 C- 9 c-n C-13 C-15 D- 9 0-11 D-13 0-15 D-17 D-19 E- 9 E-l 1 E-l 3 E-l 5 E-l 7 E-19 3'-9" y-9" y-9" 3'-9" 4'-0'/Y 5'-0>/Y 6'-0'/2' 7'-0'/2' 5'-6' y-fs y-6" y-oVi' y-ovi' T-OVi" 5'-6' - 8'-0>/$' 5'-6* 9`-0'h' T-3" T-3" T-3" T-3" T-3" T-3" y-o* 9'-0' yjy y-*r y-o* y-o* 6'-0'/Y 7'-0'/Y 8'-0i/' 9'-0'A' w-ovs ir-o'/Y 6--01/Y 7'-01/Y 8'4)'/Y <rw W-W/S 4,500 6,000 8,000 10,000 9,200 12,000 15,000 17,200 20,000 15,800 20,000 22,800 26,400 30,000 33,400 20,000 24,200 28,600 33,000 37,500 42,000 F-M F-13 F--15 F-17 F-19 G-l 1 G-13 G-l 5 G-l 7 G-19 lO'-O' 1(Y-9" \v-9* W-9" lO'-y" \r-3" 12'-3, 12'-3' \T-3" !2'-3' H-13 H-15 H-17 H-19 1-15 1-17 I--19 \4'JS \4'-0" \4'-0" 14'-0* i y-9" i y-9" i y-9" J-15 J-17 J--19 l7'-6* !7'-6* \T4S K-15 K-17 K-19 1^-3' 1^-3' iy-3" L-17 2l'-0Jf L-19 2V-0" 7'-0t/z* 8'-0'/2* v-aVi" i<yjfh" WJ&/S 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,200 7'-0'/2' 8'-0vs V-OVS WJlVS ll'-0'/Y 35,000 40,000 46,200 52,400 60,000 8'4)l/f lO'-OVi" ll'-0'/Y 46,000 53,000 60,000 67,000 9,-QVS lOM)VS ir-o'/Y 60,000 67,200 75,200 9'JSVS ww/s ll'-O'/Y 66,000 75,000 83,600 vjo'/s wjs'/S 1 v-w/s 72,600 82,200 92,000 10'-0VS 1 90,000 n'-ovv* j 100.200 1 CIRCULATING PUMP Size Ca pacity G. P. M. Brake H. P. R. P. M. Motor H. P. i'/2* 22 1.1 1,730 2 ivy 30 1.5 1,730 2 IVY 40 1.8 1,730 2 I'/Y 48 2.1 : -1,730 ; 3 iy2" 46 2.0 1,730 3 l VS 60 2.5 1,730 3 2w" s 73 3.0 1,720 5 86 2.7 1,720 5 2" 100 3:2 1,720 5 I'/Y 79 3.2 1,720 5 2" 97 3.1 V.720 5' 2" 114 3.6 1,720 5 2" 132 4.1 '1,720 5 2'/Y 150 3.8 1,720 5 2VY 167 4.2 1,720 5 2 99 3.2 1,720 5 2" 121 3.8 1,720 5 2l/Y 143 3.7 1,720 5 2VS 165 4.2 1,720 5 . TSfS 187 4.7 1,720 5 2<" 209 5.3 1,750 2'h 2/S 145 3.7 1,720 5 2'h" 172 4.3 1,720 5 2VS 198 5.0 1,750 T/r 3" 224 5.6 1,750 7V? 3" 251 6.1 1,750 170 4.3 1,720 5 200 5.0 1,750 7Vz 3" 231 5.6 1,750 i 3" 262 6.3 1,750 3" 292 7.1 1,750 3" 229 5.5 1,750 7Vi 3" 264 6.4 1,750 T/z 3" 299 7.2 1,740 10 4" 334 7.0 1,750 2'h 3" 298 . 7.2 1,740 10 4" 336 7.0 1,750 V/i 4" 376 7.9 1,740 10 4" 330 6.9 1,750 71/2 4" 374 7.8 1,740 10 4" 418 8.8 1,740 40 4T 4" 3o3 411 78..26 1,740 10 l,740r 10 4" 460 9.7 1,760 15 4" 448 9.4 1.760 j 15 4" 501 10.5 1.760 | 15 PIPE CONNECTIONS Pump Dis charge Pump Suc tion Fresh Water Drain 1wVsS V/?." w 2l vs 2" 2" 2". 2" 2r ws 2VS 2VS 3" 2" 2VS ws 3" 3" 3" 21ZS 3" 3" 3" 3" 3" 3" 3" 4" 4" 3" 4" 4" 4" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" v7>k/S 2* 2>/S 2VS 2}/S 3" 3" 2VS 2VS 3" 3" 3" 3" 3" 3" 3" 4" 4" 3" 3" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" VS 2" VvSs 2" 2" y." 2" VS 2" VS vs vs VY 2' 2" 2" 2" VS 2r vs 2' vs 2" vs 2" vs 2" V," 2" VS vs vs 2" 2" 2" vs vs 2" 2" vy 2" VS 2" VS vs vs >/Y 2" 2" 2" 2" r r r Y 2'h' r r }" r 4" 4" 4" 4". 4" 5" 4" 4" 4" 5" 4" 5" 1" 1" 1" 1" \" \" 14* 5' 1 w 3" 4" 5" '/.' 3" 5" 5" I'/Y 3" 4' | 5' y is- | 1 vs | y 1 1 '/,,' 1 y 183 Air Washers New York, N. Y. Boston. Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Cleveland, O. Columbus. O. Midwest Air Filters, Inc. 100 East 45th St., NEW YORK, N. Y. BRANCHES: Indianapolis, Ind. Minneapolis, Minn. San Francisco. Cal. Kansas City, Mo. Pittsburgh. Pa. Chicago, 111. Richmond. Va. St. Louis, Mo. Denver, Colo. Detroit, Mich. Salt Lake City. Utah Milwaukee. Wis. Seattle, Wash. Dallas. Tex. Montreal, Canada Description of Unit A Midwest filter unit consists of a frame and a cell. The cells are set on the frames after the frames are put in place. Two or more frames can be bolted together in any shape to obtain the desired capacity filter. See cut on opposite page, for typical instal lation. Midwest Unit Air Filter--Type U- Dimensions of Units Each frame measures 20 x 20 x 33^ in. Each side of the frame has two bolt holes in order that the adjoining frames may be bolted together. HOW TO DETERMINE THE NECESSARY NUMBER OF FILTER UNITS for a GIVEN QUANTITY OF AIR Each filter Unit has a normal capacity of 1000 C.F.M. Therefore divide the total quantity of air to be cleaned per minute by the capacity of ^n individual Filter Unit. Average Resistance, water gage. The following table gives the number of Filter Units necessary for the various air quantities. However, the proper number of units for any intermediate air quantities can be determined as previously described. C.F.M. 2,000 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 60,000 90,000 100,000 200,000 1.000,000 Number of Square Ft. Filter Unit* over Front 2 4 6 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 1,000 5.55 11.11 16.7 27.80 41.7 55.5 83.3 111 .1 138.9 166.7 .194.4 222,2 250.0 277.8 555.6 2,777.8 Approximate Weight Installed 130 240 340 540 780 1,010 1.470 1,950 2.400 2.850 3,560 4,010 4,410 4,720 9,400 47,000 Flexibility Being constructed on'the multiple unit principle, this filter can be assembled in any shape or design to conform to local conditions and space allowance. When units are to be assembled in any shape other than in one plane, the Midwest Air Filters, Inc., furnish suitable corner connections, enabling the filters to be in stalled in the shape which local conditions require. 184 vrasfrsssgggaL Midwest Air Filters, Inc. Air Washers Typical Installation The filter can be installed in a room or in an enlarged portion of the duct. The air may be taken from the outside of the building or it may be taken from the inside and recirculated. If inside space is valuable, the filter can be placed outside the building or on the roof, ducts lead ing from same to various points of distribution. Inlet and Outlet Ducts for small installations of about 25 units and under, should be about 3 ft. away from the filter. For large installa tions, this distance should be in creased accordingly. An air velo city of 1,000 ft. to 1,200 ft. per min. in ducts leading to and from the filter is recommended. The maintenance consists of cleaning the filter cells when they have become sufficiently dirty to materially increase their resistance, and in re-charging them with Mid west Viscosine. The cleaning is done by immersing the cells in the washing tank containing hot water or, if necessary, a solution of hot water and soda. After a cell has been cleaned, it is placed in the drying racks in order that all water may drain off. After the cell is perfectly dry, it is immersed in a bath of Viscosine, and again placed on the racks to enable the surplus Viscosine to drain off. As cell is taken out of an installation for cleaning and re-charging, a ready reserve cell is inserted in its place. The time that the cell may be in service between cleanings varies from 12 to 20 weeks under normal conditions. OTHER TYPES OF FILTER Filters for Turbo-Generators, Air Compressors, Tractors, for cleaning air and gases with heavy dust content, built to suit various industries and uses. 185 Air Washers William Reed Engineering Co. Incorporated 50 Church Street New York Branches in Principal Cities Factory and Engineering Depts. LOUISVILLE, KY. REED AIR FILTERS PATENTED MAY 16, 1922--OTHER PATENTS PENDING The Reed Air Filter--an all metal filter--operates with inexpensive chemicals by an entirely new combination of fundamental principles. It is the result of exhaustive laboratory tests and three years successful operation in various fields and operates on fundamentally the same principle as the human nostril. Air in passing thru the filter impinges on a media saturated with simple chemicals, dirt and dust are leeched out and deposited on the filter body. The cell and its filter media are practi cally indestructible, both being coated with an enamel which is baked on . at high temperature. Removing Unit for Cleaning 186 Size.............. L20"x20"x 4" Capacity800-1000C.F.M. Resistance.... 0.12 to 0.15 Efficiency..................... 97% Velocity ..300-500 F.P.M. Weight.................. 25 Lbs. Bulletins 106-- Description. 107-- Test, Data, Speci fications. . 10&--Gen. Ventilation. 109-- Vent. Elec. Machi nery. 110-- Compressor Appli cations. 111-- Drying-Bacteria Control. Our Engineering and Research Departments will be glad to discuss special problems. Boiler Liquid REPAIRS LEAKS IN STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS AND AUTO RADIATORS, CRACKED CYLINDERS, WATER JACKETS , Made by "X" LABORATORIES, 25 West 45th St., New York Factories: Boston and Montreal X Liquid repairs quickly and permanently all leaks in "X" finds and seals multitu dinous hair cracks, leaky bolt heads steam boilers (low or high pressuaren)d makes inside repairs which hot water heaters and entire sys would be impossible to repair tems. Just pour it in. Used by otherwise. Where cracks are very over 30,000 heating contractors in large, it is best to stuff with lead the United States and Canada, the wool or tin foil to retard the flow. United States Government, General Electric, American Telephone and Telegraph, Standard Oil Co., etc. - Increases Thermal Over three million cans sold an Efficiency nually. Carried by ALL jobbers of Steamfitters Supplies. Fully guar The use of "X" Liquid increases anteed or money back. thermal efficiency because it Resists Any Steam Pressure dissolves rust arid the deposits of lime and silica which quickly coat "X" Liquid is a pure colloidal the inside of pipes and boilers re solution which combines and cir ducing heat conductivity. Boilers culates freely with the water in the can be kept permanently free from boiler flowing out through every corrosion by occasional addition of crack where the water leaks. Con tact with the air and heat causes the Liquid to solidify making a permanent repair which will resist "X"Liqu i d to the water any steam pressure. It has repaired in the a Stanley (Automobile) boiler. boiler. "X" Boiler Liquid Sold by all Jobbers Sizes and Prices , Quart Cans .................................. $6.00 Each' Half Gallon Cans......................... $10.00 Each Wm 187 Boilers and Furnaces American Foundry & Furnace Company Bloomington, 111. SALES REPRESENTATIVES AS FOLLOWS: LOS ANGELES. CAL. MILWAUKEE, WIS. ST. PAUL. MINN. AMERICAN WARMING & VENTILATING CO. ATLANTA. GA. ELMIRA. N. Y. CLEVELAND. O. TOLEDO. O. AMERICAN HEATING & VENTILATING CO. PHILADELPHIA. PA. RALEIGH. N. C. RICHMOND. VA. Lige Heating & Ventilating Co.. Auburn, Ind. Gillespie-Dwyer Company, Chicago. III. Texas Heating & Ventilating Company. Fort Worth. Tex. Michigan Warming & Ventilating Company, Grand Rapids, Mich. Atlantic Heating & Engineering Company. Hempstead, L. I. W. H. Johnson & Son Company. Indianapolis, Ind. John H. Kitchen & Company, Kansas City, Mo. Solar Engineering Corporation, Philadelphia. Pa. Case Furnace Company, Seattle, Wash. A. S. Johnson. Washington. D. C. American Heating & Ventilating Steam Boiler A. S. M. E. Standard Horizontal Tubular Boiler enclosed in cast iron Economizer Jacket. Used as a Warm Air Heater. Capacity of Single Units from 800,000 to 1,300,000 B.t.u. per hour. * For single or battery setting with brick walls or Asbesto-steel Casings. Send plans to nearest office above listed for recommendations. 188 American Solar Heat Genera tors Insulated With Asbesto-steel Casing For simple, efficient, and economical Air warming in Blast Systems. Built entirely of cast iron for single or battery settings. Capacity from 334,000 to 11,000,000 B.t.u. per hour, de pending on size and number of units. Asbesto-steel Casing assures great efficiency. Made up of two sheets Copper-Bearing Steel with 2"AircelI Asbestos between. Boilers and Healing Equipment American Radiator (foMPANY 104 West 42nd St. NEW YORK 816 So. Michigan Ave. CHICAGO General Sales Dept., 1807 Elmwood Ave., BUFFALO Ideal Boilers, American Radiators; Heating and Vacuum Cleaning Equipments We present sample pages taken from various catalogs issued by us. The pages selected illustrate newer products, and in part suggest the efforts this Company puts forth to meet the demands of Engineers for utmost refinement in heating devices. Catalpgs containing valuable data for Engineers are being constantly issued or supplemented, such as the "Ideal Fitter" catalog (384 pages), Vento Data Book for Engineers (48 pages), American Wall Radiator Installation Book (48 pages), Heat Transmission Book (24 pages), Areola Outfit Installation Book (24 pages), Lower ing the High Cost of Cleaning Buildings Through Arco Wand Vacuum Cleaners catalog (12 pages), How to Run the Steam and Hot Water Boiler catalogs (12 pages), Specifi cations for Steam and Water Systems (8 pages). Ideal Gas Boiler Manuals (16 pages each), Drying of Lumber, Paint and Varnish catalog (48 pages), etc. May we not, therefore, request that Heating Engineers kindly keep their names on file at our nearest Sales Branch in order that latest technical catalogs may be mailed. Faithfully, American radiator company Illustrates (at left) the CORTO Radiator, of classic design. 'Its heating surface equals, or exceeds, the best; its water content is threefourths of a pound per square foot of heating surface, or about one-half the contents of the usual form of radiator; and its condensed spacings permit of placing 80% more heating surface in a given area of floor space than with any other type of radiator. Send for complete CORTO Radiator Catalog. (Pat. Sept. 4. 1917. May 10. 1921, July 19. 1921) Illustrates (at right) the VENTO Cast-Iron Hot Blast Heaters, now the standard, at home and abroad, for the heating of moving air. Made in 40, 50 and 60 in. Narrow pattern, and in 30, 40, 50, 60 and 72 in. Regular pattern. , Please ask for special and complete catalog: "Engineers Data on VENTO Heaters." 189 Front View of 10-Section VENTO Stack American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment IDEAL Type "A" Heat Machines IDEAL Type "A" Boilers ore mode in three series, ranging in Steam from 450 to 6,500 sq.ft., and in Water from 750 to 11,000 sq. ft. They specially lend themselves to installation in battery form. IDEA L Boiler, ratings conform with the rating formula of the A. S. H. &* V. E. Steam Water Boiler No. 8-Hour Rating Sq. Ft. No. of Total - Grate "Safety Valve Sec Length Area Size tions Inches Sq. Ft. Inches Boiler No. 8-Hour No. of Total Grate Ratings Sec Length Area Sq. Ft. tions Inches Sq. Ft. 3-A-5 2600 5 38 8 \-2Vi 3-A-6 3250 6 46 10 1-3 3-A-7 3900 7 54 12 1-3 3-A-8 4550 8 62 14 2-21/, 3-A-9 5200 9 70 16 2-2'/, 3-A-10 5650 10 78 18 1-3. 1-2'/, 3-A-11 6500 11 86 20 1-3. 1-2'/, 3-A-50 4400 5 38 8 3-A-60 5500 6 46 10 3-A-70 6600 7 54 12 3-A-80 7700 8 62 14 3-A-90 8800 9 70 16 3-A-I00 9900 10 78 18 3-A-II0 11000 II 86 20 Height of Water Line. 49 in. Steam Boilers have one 8-in. Outlet, and one 5-in. Inlet. have one 8-in. outlet and two 8-in. inlets. For list price, see Current Trade Discount sheet. Safety Valve sizes accord with A. S. M. E. boiler code. Water Boilers Factors determining boiler capacities (derived from actual tests). Number of Boiler--Steam of Water - 95 6 7 8 10 11 Fuel available, lb............................................................................... Evaporative power, lb.................................................................... Total steam from one fuel charge, lb................................................ Chimney area (sea level), sq. in........................................................ Chimney height", ft........................................................................... 578 9.0 5200 256 40 722 9.0 6500 256 45 866 9.0 7800 320 45 1012 9.0 9110 400 50 1156 9.0 10410 ' 400 50 1300 * 9.0 11700 400 55 1445 9.0 13010 400 60 For additional chimney flue sizes, see page 36 of "Ideal Fitter." For Smoke Pipe and other dimensions, see pages 37 of " Ideal Fitter." For good chimney construction and its influence on boiler selection, see pages 235 and 236 of "Ideal Fitter." Height of boiler, 63 inches. Width of boiler, 76J inches. For selection of proper size boiler, see pages 240-251 of "Ideal Fitter." Ratings Developed When"Available' Fuel Is Burned in 8, 10 or 12 Hours TIME Steam Rating ' Water Rating 5 Sec. 6 Sec. 7 Sec. 8 Sec. 9 Sec. 10 Sec. M Sec. 5 Sec. 6 Sec. 7 Sec. 8 Sec. 9 Sec. 10 Sec. IlSec. 8 Hours 10 Hours 12 Hours 2600 3250 3900 4550 5200 5850 6500 2080 2600 3120 3640 4160 4680 5200 1735 2170 2600 3035 r.3470 3900 4335 4400 5500 6600 7700 8800 9900 11000 3520 4400 5280 6160 7040 7920 8800 2935 3670 4400 5135 5870 6600 7340 IDEAL Smokeless Water Tube Boilers (Furnished With or Without Ideal Metallic Jacket) IDEAL Smokeless Water Tube Boilers are made in series, ranging in Steam from 600 to 0,400 sq.ft., and in Water from 976 to S,640 sq. ft. They specially lend themselves to installation in battery form. IDEAL Boiler ratings comform with the rating formula of the A. S. H. & V. E. Below is given a sample specification page of 79 in. pattern, for Bituminous and for Anthracite Fuels: , , ..... r .. . ..... The National Bailor and Radiator Manufacturers Assoctatton s basis for rating steam and water heating boilers is the number of B.t.u. per hour delivered from the flow pipe--without driving or priming. The number of B.t.u. delivered per hour divided by *240 is the commercial or catalog rating--in square feet of direct column STEAM radiation. . . The number of B.t.u. delivered per hour divided by *150 is the commercial or catalog rating--in square feet of direct column WATER radiation. . , . ._ . . . The number of B.t.u. delivered per hour divided by **970 is the equivalent of the catalog rating in POUNDS OF STEAM per hour. ' FOR BITUMINOUS FUEL Boiler No. Steam Rating, Sq.Ft. "Steam Radia tion - Boiler No. Water T-79-I2 . 13 14 15 16 17 14400 15600 16800 18000 19200 20400 T-79-120 T-79-130 T-79-140 T-79-150 T-79-160 T-79-170 Rating, Sq.Ft. Rating. "Water B.t.u. Radia per hour tion Rating. Lbs. Steam hour Arrangement of Sections . Grate Dimen Grate Heating sions, ' Area, Surface Ins. Sq.Ft. Sq. Ft. 23040 24960 26880 28800 30720 32640 3456000 3744000 4032000 4320000 4608000 4896000 3600 3900 4200 4500 4800 5100 A-C-C-C-C-C-C-BW-C-DF-G-BH A-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-BW-C-DF-G-BH A-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-BW-C-DF-G-BH A-C-C-C-C-CX-C-C-BW-C-DF-GC-BH AXXXXXXXXX-BWX-DFX-G-BH AXXX-CXXXXX-BWX-DFXXX-BH 79*42 79*48 79*54 79*54 79*60 79*60 22.96 26.24 29.52 29.52 32.80 32.80 701.17 756.47 811.77 866.07 921.37 954.67 SECTIONS--A--Front. C--Center, BW--Bridgewall, DF--Diving Flue. G--Open Center, BH--Back. FOR ANTHRACITE FUEL S-79-T- 7 S-79-T- 8 S-79-T- 9 S-79-T-11 S-79-T-I2 S-79-T-I3 S-79-T-15 S-79-T-17 8400 9600 10800 12000 13200 14400 15600 16800. 18000 19200 20400 W-79-T- 7 W-79-T- 8 W-79-T- 9 W-79-T-I0 W-79-T-11 W-79-T-I2 W-79-T-13 W-79-T-14 W-79-T-15 W-79-T-16 W-79-T-I7 13440 15360 17280 19200 21120 23040 24960 26880 26800 30720 32640 2018000 2310000 2590000 2860000 3168000 3456000 3744000 4032000 4320000 4608000 4896000 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 3900 4200 4500 4800 5100 A-5C-H A-6C-H A-7C-H A-8C-H A-7C-W-G-H A-8C-W-G-H A-8C-W-CG-H A-9C-W-C-G-H A-9C-W-C-C-G-H A-10C-W-C-C-G-H A-10C-W-C-C-G-G-H 79*42 79*48 79*54 79*60 79*51 79*57 79*57 79*63 79*63 79x69 79x69 22.96 26.24 29.52 32.80 27.88 31.16 31.16 34.44 34.44 37.72 37.72 379.62 434.92 490.22 545.52 632.74 688.04 742.34 797.64 851.94 907.24 940.54 SECTIONS--A--Front Section, C--Center Section, W--Anthracite Bridgewall, G--Open Center Section, H-- Anthracite Back Section. *A. S. M. E. 1922 HEATING BOILER CODE, H-106. H-107. Latent Heat of Steam-from and at 212 F. ,, For selection of proper size boiler, see pages 249-251 of Ideal Fitter catalog. For complete descriptions, ask for Ideal Water Tube, Bituminous and Anthracite Boilers catalogs, also for " The Ideal Filter " catalog. . American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment Patents Pending Ideal Airid Siphon Air Valve ' For venting low pressure steam radiators. Guaranteed for five years. Ideal Packless Radiator Valve (Nc. 850) No packing of any kind is used. Area Water Regulator (No. 800) Range 100 to 200 F. Length of Bulb 23$ inches. Connection, 2 inches. No. 816 Ideal Quick Vent Valvt All metal. Very sensitive. For venting mains, long runs of pipe, in direct stacks, drop risers, etc. Arco Junior Water Regulator (No. 801) For damper control on Hot Water Supply Boilers. Length of bulb, 2 inches. Connection, inches. No. 817 Vento Vent For use on Vento Heaters and Blast Coils. Patent Pending Arco Tank Regulator (No. 886) Range 140 to 180 F. For use on steam pressures up to 25 lbs. Sendfor complete catalog of Ideal Heating Specialties. 192 Boilers and Engines Ames Iron Works High Pressure Division of the Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. . Oswego, N. Y. Boilers for heating and power, Una-flow and heavy duty single valve engines, smokestacks, breechers, tanks. Sixty*six years of boiler manufacturing experience is behind every Ames Boiler. A. S. M. E. Requirements. Plain Furnace Type Downdraft Furnace Type Ames Firebox Heating Boiler with Plain Furnace No. of Size Diam. Shell In. Length Furnace In. Height Width Furnace Furnace Above In. Grates In. Sq. Ft. Grate Area Heating Surface Sq. Ft. Capacity Capacity Steam Water Rad. Rad. Sq. Ft. Sq. Ft. Size Steam Outlet In. Size Re turn In. Diam. Weight Smoke in Los. Flue Boiler In. Complete 805 42 42 36 34 10.5 249 2500 3750 5 3 16 7100 808 46 42 42 37 12.2 403 4000 6000 6 4 20 9370 810 54 48 48 40 16.0 511 5150 7725 6 4 22 10,980 812 54 54 48 40 18.0 613 6500 9750 6 4 22 12,320 813 54' 60 48 40 20.0 661 7200 10,800 6 4 22 13,170 814 60 60 54 43 22.5 726 7600 11,400 8 6 26 14,120 815 60 60 54 43 22.5 763 8250 12,375 8 6 26 14,340 816 60 66 54 43 24.7 826 9000 13,500 8 6 26 15,340 818 60 66 54 43 24.7 900 10,000 15,000 8 6 26 16,040 820 66 66 60 46 27.5 1027 11,500 17,250 8 6 30 19.190 823 66 72 60 46 30.0 1158 13,000 19,500 8 6. 30 20,750 82S 66 72 60 46 30.0 1255 15,000 22,500 8 6 30 21,860 827 72 72 66 49 33.0 1349 16,500 24.750 8 6 32 23,920 830 72 78 66 49 35.7 1501 18,000 27,000 8 6 32 25,340 833 78 72 72 55 36.0 1644 20,000 30.000 10 6 36 27,840 837 78 84 72 55 42.0 1877 22,500 33.750 10 6 36 30,730 840 78 84 72 55 42.0 2017 25,000 37,500 10 6 36 32,640 Ames Firebox Heating Boiler with Downdraft Furnace Height Grate No. of Size Diam. Shell In. Length Fur nace In. Width Fur nace Furnace Above Lower Grates Length Grates In. Area Sq. Ft. A-S.M.E. Rat-' Sq. Ft. Heating Sur face Sq.Ft. C-ap. Steam Rad. Sq.Ft. dap. Water Rad. Size Steam Outlet In. Size Diam. Weight Re Smoke in Lbs. turn Flue Boiler In. In. Complete In. ing 905 42 66 908 48 66 910 54 74 912 54 78 913 54 84 914 60 84 915 60 85 916 60 90 918 60 92 920 60 96 923 66 97 925 66 104 927 66 108 930 72 . ' 102 933 72 104 937 72 114 36 41 42 44 48 47 48 47 48 47 54 50 54 50 54 50 54 50 54 50 60 53 60 53 60 53 66 56 66-., 56 66 ~"56 42 13.1 258 2625 3938 5 3 16 7880' 42 15.3 408 4100 6150 6 4 20 10,230 48 20.0 517 5200 7600 6 4 22 12.010 54 22.5 597 6100 9150 6 4 22- 13,170 60 25.0 622 6500 9750 6 4 22 13,870 60 28.1 718 7500 11.250 8 6 26 15,480 60 28.1 831 8200 12.300 8 6 26 15,880 66 30.9 901 9000 13.500 8 6 26 17,160 66 30.9 901 10.250 15.375 8 6 26 12.770 72 33.7 1009 12.000 18,000 8 6 26 19,230 72 37.5 1154 13.500 20,250 8 6 30 23,040 78 40.6 1286 15.250 22.875 8 6 30 24,300 84 43.7 1330 16.000. 24.000 8 6 30 26,000 78 44.6 1500 18,000 27.000 10 6 32 27,300 78 44.6 1662 20.000 30,000 10 6 32 27.740 88 50.3 1810 23.500 35,250 10 6 32 30,230 Boilers and Engines The Brownell Company Dayton, Ohio Sales Representatives in All Sections of the Country Steel Heating and Power Boilers, Feed Water Heaters, Tanks, Breechings, Stacks, Boiler Castings, Steel Plate Construction and Steam Engines. Since 1855, when The Brownell Co. was established, this company has been manu facturing a complete line of High Grade Boilers and other equipment. The Brownell Smokeless Firebox Boiler is designed and constructed to burn any kind of fuel economically and with out smoke. Brownell Firebox Boilers are mechanically correct and insure long life. Brownell Heating Boilers have generous and properly designed fireboxes, permitting complete combustion and high efficiency. Brownell ratings are very con servative, only the parts of boiler below the normal water level and coming in actual con tact with the hot gases being considered as effective heating surface. Brownell Boilers will carry the number of square feet of direct radiating surface or equivalent given in opposite tables if sufficient radiation is installed to heat the building to the required temperature. Brownell Firebox Heating Boilers are regularly built according to the A. S. M. E. Code for 15 lb. working pressure but will be furnished for pressures up to 100 lb. at an increased cost. Bronvnell Return Flue Portable Direct Draft Type Bulletin B-6A Brownell Brick-set Firebox Boiler Direct Draft Type Bulletin B-6 Brownell Return Flue Portable Smokeless Type Bulletin B-CA- 194 Brownell Brick-set Firebox Boiler Smokeless Type Bulletin B-6 The Brownell Company Boilers and Engines BROWNELL DIRECT DRAFT PORTABLE BOILERS Boiler No............ ............ 407 408,409 Capacity--Steam. Sq. F t........ zwx 2900,3500 410 400C 411 4500 412 5000 413 5500 414 6000 415 7000 416 8000 417 418 419 420 i 421 1 422 423 424 9500 II00C 13000 1500017500 2ooa 25000 28000 Capacity--Water. Sq. Ft........ 410f 4800 580C 6600 7400 8300 9100 9900,11600 13200 15700 18200 21500 2480028500 32000 40000 45000 Approximate Weight.............. 690C 7400 6300 9000 9800 10600 I320C 14I0C 15900 17300 20400 22000 24000 25700 280a 31000 37000 40000 Diam. of Boiler, In.......... 48 48 48 54 54 54 60 60 60 60 66 66 72 72 78 78 84 84 Length Boiler Overall. Ft.. In.. 8-6 9-6 10-6 10-0 ll-C 12-0 12-6 13-6 14-0 15-6 15-J 17-8 15-10 17-4 17-10 19-10 20-0 22-0 Heating Surface. Sq. Ft......... 293 333 373 427 487 537 614 670 698 781 936 1061 1224 1356 1539 1796 2227 2478 Size of Steam. In.................... 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 Sire of Return. In................... 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Height of Water Line. In........ 69 69 69 76 76 .76 78 78 78 78 87 87 92 92 92 92 98 98 Height. Floor to Top of Shell. In........................................ 84 84 84 91 91 91 95 95 95 95 108 108 109 109 110 no 116 116 Space Required to Open Rear Doors. In.. .......................... 25 25 25 28 26 28 30 30 30 30 35 35 37 37 40 40 43 43 Diam. Breeching. In............... 22 22 22 24 24 24 26 26 28 28 30 32 34 34 36 36 40 40 Diam. Stack. In...................... 20 20 20 22 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 30 32 32 34 34 38 38 Min. Height of Stack. Ft........ 50 50 55 55 55 60 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 80 90 90 100 Diam. Breeching, 2 Boilers. In. 30 30 30 34 34 34 38 38 40 40 44 46 50 50 62 52 56 56 Diam. Stack. 2 Boilers. In.. . . 28 28 28 31 31 31 34 34 36 36 40 42 46 46 48 48 54 54 Minimum Height Stack. 2 Boilers. Ft............................ 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 75 75 75 80 80 80 90 100 100 (00 BROWNELL SMOKELESS PORTABLE BOILERS 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 Capacity--Steam. Sq. Ft........ |300C 35a 400C 45a 5oa 55a 60U 65a 75a 85a loax 1200014000160a 1800020000250a 30000 500C 58a 66a 74a 83a 9ia 99a 107a 124a i4oa 16500 1980023100 264a 29700i33000,400a 48000 Approximate Weight.............. 78a 86a 93a 104a ma U90C 145a 153a i69a i78a |209a 229a 25000265a 28800 300a 370a 43000 48 48 48 54 54 54 60 60 60 60 66 66 72 72 78 78 84 84 Length Boiler. Overall. Ft.. In. 8-7 MC 10-K 10-7 11-7 .12-7 12-7 13-7 15-1 16-1 15-9 17-9 16-6 17-t !7- 18-6 20-1 24-1 307 381 405 472 526 579 631 687 766 822 922 1062 1255 1370 1529 1601 2090 2655 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 . 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 to 4 4 4 4 . 4 4 5 5- 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Height of Water Line. In....... 69 69 69 76 76 76 78 78 78 78 87 87 92 92 92 92 103 103 Height, F loor to i op of Shell. 84 84 84 92 92 92 95 95 95 95 108 108 109 109 110 110 118 118 Space Required to Open Rear 75 75 25 28 28 28 30 30 30 30 35 35 37 37 42 42 44 44 22 22 22 24 24 24 26 26 28 28 30 32 34 34 36 36 40 40 20 20 70 22 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 30 32 32 34 34 38 38 50 55 55 55 55 60 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 80 90 90 100 30 30 30 34 34 34 38 38 40 40 44 46 50 50 52 52 56 56 Diam. Stack. 2 Boilers. In.. . . 28 28 28 31 31 31 34 34 36 . 36 40 42 46 46 48 48 54 54 Ft................................... 60 65 65 65 65 70 70 70 75-1 75 75 80 80 80 90 too too 110 BROWNELL DIRECT DRAFT BRICKT-SET BOILERS 9a 2 105C 34 120014a 56 7 89 170020002000260030X 10 11 350040a 12 45a 13 55a 14 65a 15 75a 16 17 18 19 20 8700100a t.ioa i2ua 14000 Capacity--Water. Sq. Ft.___ isa ?m 17a 200023a 300C '320036a 280) 33003300.430030a 420048a 520 3600600 580066a 700078a 74a 86a 9wiaa 107a uoa 124a 135a 144a i65a i48a 160a 18200 174a i98a 186a 231a 204a 30 30 30 36 36 36 42 42 42 48 48 48 54 54 60 a 66 66 72 72 6-6 7-6 8-6 7-6 W) 10-6 B-6 10-0 11-6 10-6 12--C 13-6 14--C 16-6 15-6 18-0 16-0 18-0 16-0 18-0 Heating Surface. Sq. Ft...... 113 Size of Steam. In................... 3 1238 143 4 193 4 Z31 4 268 4 269 6 317 6 364 6 390 6 444 6 499 / 573 7 683 7 755 7 887 7 971 1097 1183 1343 8888 Size o! Return. In.................. m 2>/i 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 ,6 6 6 Water Boilers..................... 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-7 Height of Water Line. In...... 53 53 53 59 59 59 61 61 61 65 65 65 67 2-7 67 2-7 75 2-8 75 2-8 80 2-1C 2-10 2-10 a 85 85 Height Floor to lop ot Bnck Work. In............................ 70 70 70 77 77 77 83 83 83 90 90 90 96 Diam. Breeching, In.............. 12 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 24 24 28 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 26 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 45 45 50 50 50 26 28 30 30 34 36 38 24 26 28 28 30 32 34 96 108 108 114 114 120 120 28 32 32 32 32 36 36 26 30 30 30 30 34 34 50 55 55 60 60 60 a 38 40 40 40 42 44 46 34 36 36 36 38 40 42 Min. Height Stack, 2 Boilers. Ft...................................... 50 50 50 50 50 50 55 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 BROWNELL SMOKELESS BRICK-SET BOILERS Approximate Shipping Weight....... Heating Surface. Sq. Ft................ Size of Steam. In............................. Size of Return. In........................... 107 26a 43a 6ta 42 9-10 309 6 4 108 109 3ia 36a 5100 59a 67a 72a 42 42 11-4 12-11 359 409 66 44 110 111 40a 47a 66a 78a 84a 9ia 48 48 12-4 13-10 448 506 66 44 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 55a 65a 75a 85a 10000 nsa 1300 1400 1600 9100 107a 124a 140a i65a 1900 2150. 2310 2640 98a 12300 i36a 1600 174a 1940 2100 2240 2430 48 54 54 60 60 66 66 72 72 15-4 15-10 18-4 17-10 20-4 18-4 20-4 18-4 20-4 563 643 756 851 987 1074 1204 1303 1468 77 77 7 8888 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6- 6 Size Supply and Return--Water 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-8 2-8 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 61 61 61 65 65 65 67 6/ 75 75 80 80 86 86 Height Floor to Top of Brick Work, In.......... . , ......... 82 82 82 89 89 89 95 95 107 107 113 113 119 119 Space Required to Open Rear 22 .... 22 22 25 25 25 28 28 30 30 35 35 37 37 22 22 24 24 27 27 30 30 34 34 36 36 38 38 20 20 22 22 24. 24 28 28 32 32 34 34 36 36 50 50 50 50 55 55 60 60 60 a 70 70 70 70 26 30 34 34 36 36 38 40 42 42 44 46 48 50 26 28 30 30 32 32 34 36 38 38 40 42 44 46 Min. Height Stack. 2 Boilers. F t.. . a 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 75 75 60 a 80 195 ' Boilers (Gas Fired) The Bryant Heater & Mfg. Company 'K . Factory, 952 E. 72nd St. [TUBULAR CLEVELAND, OHIO New York, N. Y.. 212 Livingston St.. Brooklyn Cincinnati, O.. 42l Union Trust Bldg. Denver, Col.. 1425 Sixteenth St. Canton, O.. 1607 Shorb Ave.. N. W. Pittsburgh, Pa.. East End Trust Bldg., Penn and Hiland Ave. Products--Bryant Gas Boilers for Hot Water, Steam or Vapor Heat ing; Bryant Hot Water Storage Systems; Bryant Low Pressure Steam Generators. General Description of Boiler-- A patented boiler of tubular, sec tional construction having an in dividual burner for each section. Embodies thermostatic control and other automatic regulating devices. Gives 84 per cent, efficiency with natural or manufactured gas. Constructed of "cast iron with heavy base which serves as founda tion. Heat is quickly transmitted through thin walls of liberally pro portioned tubes; staggard tubes givealong heat travel; scientifically designed burners afford perfect -combustion; tubes easily accessible for cleaning, if desired. General Description of Hot Water Storage System--A rugged system suited for all places requir ing a large supply of hot water on instant notice. Boiler is controlled by automatic devices, and main tains a tank, full of hot water at all times. Has ample capacity to handle peak loads or sustained heavy demands. Bryant Service--Bryant represen tatives go anywhere. Apply for information at any of the above branch offices or communicate with headquarters. ' 196 I-Chicago, III.. 15 E. Van Buren St. St. Louis. Mo.. 608 Fullerton Bldg. Toledo, O., 449 Nicholas Bldg. Philadelphia. Pa., Bourse Bldg. Baltimore, Md.. 1116 Lexington Bldg. San Francisco, Cai... 710 Polk St. The Bryant Heater & Mfg. Company Boilers (Gas Fired) Ratings and Dimensions of Bryant Gas Boilers Capacities of Bryant Hot Water Storage Systems Boiler Available H. P. B.t.u. Boiler No. 1.3 45.000 3-A-2 1.8 60,500 4-A-2 2.2 75,500 5-A-2 2.7 90,500 3-A-3 3.6 120,500 4-A-3 4.5 151,000 5-A-3 5.4 181,000 6-A-3 6.3 211,000 7-A-3 7.2 241,500 8-A-3 9 305,000 9-A-4 II 372,000 ll-A-4 13 439.000 13-A-4 15 506,000 15-A-4 17 573,000 17-A-4 19 640,000 19-A-4 21 707,000 21-A-4 23 774,000 ' 23-A-4 25 - 840,000 25-A-4 27 908,000 27-A-4 29 975,000 29-A-4 31 1,041,000 31-A-4 33 1,109,000 33-A-4 35 1,176,000 35-A-4 37 1,242,000 37-A-4 39 1,310,000 39-A-4 41 1,377,000 4I-Av4 40 135 181 226 275 960 450 545 630 720 920 1120 1320 1520 1720 1920 2120 2320 2520 2720 2920 3130 3330 3530 3730 3930 4130 Capacity, in gallons per hour raised 60 80 100 120 140 94 126 157 165 240 300 360 420 480 610 735 880 1020 1150 1280 1410 1540 1680 1820 1950 2080 2220 2350 2480 2620 2750 . 68 91 113 140 180 225 270 315 360 460 560 660 760 860 960 1060 1160 1260 1360 1460 1565 J665 1765 1865 - " 1965 ' 2065 54 72 90 110 145 180 215 250 290 370 450 530 610 690 770 850 930 1010 1090 1170 1250 1330 14)0 1490 1570 1650 45 39 60 52 75 . 65 90 80 120 105 150 '130 180 155 210 180 240 205 305 260 370 320 440 380 505 435 575 485 640 550 . 705 605 775 660 640 720 910 775 975 835 1040 890 1110 950 1)75 1005 1240 1060 13)0 1120 1375 1180 197 / Boilers Irvington, N. Y. Makers of Low Pressure Cast Iron Boilers TWIN SECTIONAL FOR HEAVY DUTY Steam Boilers Number Crate Area Sq. Ft. No. and Size of Outlets and Inlets No. and Size of Safety Valve Rating Sq. Ft. List Price Twin Section for heavy duty work. Sections and - grates both being twins, can pass through small opening. No rights and lefts to sections. Three men can set it up. Burnham Square Sectional boil S-50-6 S-50-7 S-50-8 S-50-9 S-50-10 S-50-11 S-50-12 19.27 22.92 26.56 30.20 33.85 37.5 41.14 W-50-6 ,19.27 W-50-7 22.92 W-50-8 26.56 W-50-9 30.20 W-50-I0 33.85 W-50-11 37.5 W-50-12 41.14 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 3" 3'A" 3'/i" 3'A" & 2" 3'/z" A 2" m- 3" 3'/2"A3" Water Boilers 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 5-5" 6-5" 6-5" 6,250 7,425 8,600 9,775 10,950 12,125 13,300 10,300 12,250 14,200 16.150 18.100 20,050 22,000 SQUARE SECTIONAL Steam Boilers $1,425 1,660 1,885 2,130 2,355 2.590 2.825 $1,400 1.635 1,870 2,105 2,340 2,575 2.810 Number Crate Area Sq. Ft. Size Supply Tap pings Size Return Tap pings Rating Sq. Ft. List Price ers are based on the principle that a long fire travel (correctly pro portioned) reduces fuel bills. The hot gases go back and forth the length of the boiler, on each side of the boiler, before they are led to the smoke box opening. Because of the individual side flue openings, each section absorbs an equal amount of heat. S-18-4 S-18-5 S-18-7 S-24-5 S-24-6 S-24.7 S-24-8 S-30-5 S-30-6 S-30-7 S-30-8 S-30-9 S-36-6 S-36-7 S-36-8 S-36-9 S-36-10 S-36-II 3.00 3.94 4.88 5.81 5.17 6.42 7.67 8.92 6.46 8.02 9.58 11.15 12.71 9.88 11.75 13.63 15.50 17.38 19.25 Burnham steam boilers have such a low water line that they can be used in shallow cellars. They are so constructed that the size of the steam dome is not sacrificed. Every operating part is handy in front of the boiler. Every flue has a separate clean out door. W-18-4 W-I8-S W-184 W-18-7 W-24-5 W-24-6 W-24-7 W-24-8 W-30-5 W-30-6 W-30-7 W-30-8 W-30-9 W-36-6 W-36-7 W-36-8 W-36-9 W-36-10 W-36-II 3.00 3.94 4.88 5.81 5.17 6.42 7.67 8.92 6.46 8.02 9.58 11.15 12.71 9.88 f 1.75 13.63 15.50 17.38 19.25 198 l-3'A" 2-3VY 2-3'A" 3-3'/z" 1-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 4-4" i-y/z" 2-3vy 2-3'/z" 2-3'/z" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 750 950 1 150 1.350 1.350 1,700 2,050 2,400 1,750 2,250 2,750 3,250 3,750 2,850 3,500 4,150 4,700 5,350 6,000 Water Boilers 2-3'A" 2-3W' 2-3V5" W/z" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 2-4" 2-4" 3-4". 3-4" 4-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 4-4" 5-4" 5-4" 2-3'/z" 1.250 2-3Vf 1,575 2-3/i" 1,900 3-31/2" 2,225 2-4" 2,225 2-4" 2,800 2-4" 3,375 3-4" 3,950 2-4" 2,900 2-4" 3,715 3-4" 4.530 3-4" 5.345 4-4" 6,160 3-4" 4,700 3-4" 5,775 4r4" 6.850 4-4" 7,925 5-4" 9,000 5-4" 10,075 $260 310 360 410 405. 480 555 630 505 595 685 775 865 700 827 954 1,081 1,208 1,335 $233 283 324 374 374 449 524 599 465 555 645 735 825 655 775 895 1,015 1,135 1,255 Boilers and Radiators (ontinerital Heater (orporation Dunkirk, N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF CAST IRON BOILERS AND RADIATORS CONTINENTAL LOW WATER LINE BOILER Has Stood the Test of Many Years' Service A highly efficient boiler which sends dry steam to the mains and which has the added advantage of a very low water line. There is good circulation of water in each individual section and throughout entire boiler. Highly favored for vapor installations because of low, steady water line. Firing short way of the grate makes possible the easy utilization of entire grate surface. The fire rises to crown sheet completely enveloping the water tubes, then passing to the first combustion chamber, it travels to one end of boiler, enters rear flue, and travels full length of boiler to smoke exit. The flue ways because of their design are practically self-cleaning. Smoke exit may be taken from either end or rear. Also built in double series with separate fire boxes which may be used independently. Single Crate Up-Draft Boiler--Smokeless and Regular Type. satisfactorily used in both types. 199 Any kind of fuel can be Continental Heater Corporation Boilers Number 25 26 27 28 Continental Low Water Line Boiler Data Steam Rating Water Rating Grate Area Flow and Return 2 Each Front Length of Bailer Extreme Overall Depth Chimney Area Inches Chimney Height Feet 20 SERIES WATER LINE 38"--HEIGHT OF FLOW 43" 700 1150 3.88 3" 35" 900 1500 4.85 3" 42" 1100 1850 5.82 3" 49" 1300 2200 6.80 3" 56" 39" 39" 39" 39" 8x12 8x12 8x12 8x12 35 35 40 40 30 SERIES WATER LINE 43"--HEIGHT OF FLOW 48" 35 1200 2000 5.83 4" 35" 36 1600 2650 7.29 4" 42" 37 2000 3300 8.75 4" 49" 38 2400 4000 10.21 4" 56" 39 2800 4650 11.67 4" 63" 310 3200 5300 13.13 4" 70" 311 3600 6000 14.59 4" 77" 312 4000 6650 16.05 4" 84" 54" 12x12 54" 12x12 54" 12x12 5544""- 12x12 12x16 54" 12x16 54" 16x16 54" 16x16 40 SERIES WATER LINE 47"--HEIGHT OF FLOW 54" 46 2500 4150 9.72 5" 42" 47 3200 5300 11.66 5" 49" 48 3900 .6450 13.60 5" 56" 49 4600 7600 15.54 5" 63" 410 5300 8750 17.48 5" 70" 411 6000 .9900 19.43 5" 77"- 412 6700 11,100 21.35 *5" 84" 413 7400 12,250 23.32 *5" 91" 414 8100 13,400 25.27 5" 98" 415 8800 14,550 27.22 5" 105" 416 9500 15,700 29.17 *5" . 112" 417 10,200 16,850 30.12 ++yt 119" 418 10,900 18,000 32.07 **5" 126" 78" 12x16 78" 12x16 78" 16x16 78" 16x20 78" 16x20 78" 20x20 78" 20x20 78" 24x24 78" 24x24 78" 24x28 78" 28x28 78" 28x28 78" 28x32 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 50 50 50 55 55 55 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 Also one additional 5" flow. ** Also two additional 5" flows. Cost of these specially designed water tube boilers will compare favorably with cost of the ordinary type. Double series boilers 2,600 to 22,300 square feet steam capacity. Small square sectional boilere 190 to 825 square feet steam--340 to 1,400 square feet water. CONTENTO Boiler for Basement or First Floor Installments Contento Boiler Contento Number Water Rating. Sq. Ft. Steam Rating Sq. Ft. Radi ating Value* Sq. Ft. Fuel Width at Outside Capacity Bottom Length Pounds Inches Inches Extreme Height Inches 4 325 200 50 85 l9>/2 !3'/2 45 5 450 275 60 110 l9t/2 17 45 6 600 350 70 140 19'/2 20'/2 45 7 725 425 80 165 !9'/2 24 45 * Radiating value of Contento. piping and expansion tank. . Water boilers have two 2" flow tappings and two 2" return tapping. Steam boilers have intermediate tapped section with additional 2" top outlet. All Boilers are equipped with firing tools and ash pan. Shipped assembled, carefully crated. Being sectional, the boiler may be increased in size and heating capacity at any time the building is enlarged, by simply adding one or more sections. 200 Boilers 1122-1123-1124 Harris Trust Bldg. Ill W. Monroe St. ' qhi ill. Works at West De Pere, Wis. LIST OF AGENTS: PURCELL-STONE CO.. 3000 Grande River Ave.. Detroit. Mich. RILEY FREDERICKS CO.. Security Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. MECHANICAL SERVICE COMPANY, Metropolitan Life Bldg.. Minneapolis, Minn. MOUNTAIN STATES MACHINERY CO., U. S. National Bank Bldg., Denver. Colo. W. E. HYLAND 728 World-Herald Bldg.', Omaha. Neb. This Company designs and builds: Standard Horizontal Drum Water Tube Boilers from 100 to 1,500 hp., and all pressures from 175 lb. to 350 lb. Standard Horizontal Water Tube Boiler Standard Cross Drum Water Tube Boilers from 75 to 1,000 hp. and from 175 lb. to 300 lb. pressure. Medium pressure Cross Drum Water Tube Boilers for heating or power, from 50 to 300 hp. and for 125 lb. pressure. Return Tubular boilers from 54 inches in diameter to 84 inches in diameter and for 125 lb. and 150 lb. pressure. . Cross Drum Boiler * All boilers will be built on a factor of safety of five in accordance with the re quirements of the A. S. M. E. Code, and represent the best judgement of years of experience in the design of these types. Return Tubular Boiler The Company is prepared by experience and equipment to design and execute the most intricate and exacting work in steel plate construction, including Stacks, Smoke Flues, Storage Tanks for Oil and Water, I Pressure Tanks and Coal Bunkers. 201 Boilers Abram Cox Stove Company PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO NEW YORK BROOKLYN MANUFACTURERS OF NOVELTY Round and Sectional Boilers for steam, water and vapor heating; NOVELTY Coal Tank Heaters and Laundry Stoves; NOVELTY Pipe and Pipeless Furnaces for warm air heating; NOVELTY Coal Ranges; NOVELTY FORTUNE Combination Coal-and-Gas Ranges; FORTUNE Gas Ranges and Gas Water Heaters. Novelty Carburetor Boiler showing fire-surface and flue travel Rating Rating Supply Return Smoke No. Sq. Ft.. Steam Sq. Ft.. Water Size of Grate Inches Grate Area Sq. Fl. Outlets inches Inlets Inches Outlets Inches 3-30 4-30 5-30 6-30 7-30 8-30 4-40 5-40 6-40 7-40 8-40 9-40 10-40 11-40 12-40 13-40 14-40 15-40 16-40 17-40 18-40 19-40 20-40 1300 1800 2300 2900 3500 4200 2600 3700 4600 5500 6500 7800 9000 10200 11500 12600 13800 15000 16500 18000 19500 22000 24000 2150 3000 3800 4650 5450 6300 4300 6100 7600 9100 10750 12900 14850 16850 19000 20800 22800 24750 27250 29700 32200 36300 39600 30x !8'/2 30* 27% 30* 36V* 30* 45% 30* 55 30* 64% 40* 27% 40* 36V4 40* 45% 40* 55 40x 64% 40* 73% 40* 82% 40* 91% 40x100% 40*109% 40x118% 40*128 40*137% 40*146% 40x155% 40*164% 40x173% 3.85 5.76 7.65 9.56 11.45 13.36 7.68 10.21 12.75 15.28 17.81 20.35 22.88 25.42 27.88 30.50 33.04 35.58 38.12 40.66 43.20 45.74 48.28 1-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 4-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 4-4 4-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 6-4 6-4 7-4 7-4 8-4 8-4 8-4 1-4 8 2-4 10 2-4 12 3-4 14 3-4 14 4-4 16 2-4 12 2-4 14 3-4 16 3-4 16 4-4 18 4-4 20 5-4 20 5-4 22 5-4 22 5-4 25 6-4 25 6-4 25 7-4 25 7-4 Z-2U 8-4 2-20 8-4 2-20 8r4 {1-22 Height of water line 50 inches. 3. 4 and 5-section boilers have one fire-door; 6. 7, 8. 9 and 10-section have two fire-doors; 11. 12 and 13-section have four fire-doors; 14, 15 and 10-section have five fire-doors; and 17, 18. 19 and 20-section have six fire-doors. 202 Abram Cox Stove Company Boilers NOVELTY CARBURETOR (Side-feed) SECTIONAL BOILERS This Boiler Meets All Requirements of Smoke Ordinances. After the coal gases in the Novelty Carburetor Boiler have come in contact with the extensive overhanging direct heating surface in the firebox of the boiler, they are drawn outside of the firebox into the carburetting chambers located at the rear of the boiler. In these chambers all smoke, gases and.carbon (ordinarily wasted), are mixed with oxygen from the air and ignited. This air is admitted through the inlets in such manner that C02 is formed. These gases thus pass from the carburetting chamber into the lower flues in hot red flames at an unusually high temperature to the front of the boiler and there enter the upper flue, still in a red flame, where they return to the rear of the boiler. These flues are surrounded by water so that this part of the boiler, which is flue surface in other boilers, becomes prime heating surface in the Novelty Carburetor Boiler. . Bums Hard or Soft Coal--Where hard coal is used, cheaper grades and sizes are made to yield as many heat units as a larger and more ex pensive size. Where soft coal is used, about 80% of the volatile matter from non coking or coking coal (which analysis shows to be very high in heat value) is thoroughly consumed. Over thirty-five years ago, the advantages of feeding a steam or water boiler from the side were recognized by this Company. The boiler they brought out at that time remains unchanged in its fundamental prin ciples; that is, as a section is added, the grate surface, fire surface, car buretting chamber and flue surface is increased in equal proportion, giving every size from the smallest (made for homes) to the largest (made for schools, churches, apartments, office buildings and public buildings), a balance which is not possible with the end feed type. _ The distance from the fire door to back of firebox is only 40 inches in the largest boiler. Low Water line, only 50 inches in all sizes--saves excavating--saves spaces. 203 Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/tter Corop/my Manufacturers of Heating Apparatus Utica, N. Y. CHICAGO 1933-35 Wentworth Ave. NEW YORK. NASHUA. N. H. CLEVELAND. O. Broadway and 57th St. 369 Main St. 1441 Davenport Ave.. N.E. jffco/vo*nr fioiuzus On the following pages we present condensed data on the INTERNATIONAL Economy Boilers, Steam and Water. Both the Regular and the Smokeless types have the following distinctive features in common: Conservative ratings from actual tests according to the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Boiler Code; the evaporative power and efficiency are exceptionally high; a long fire travel and all heating surface below the water line; a low steady water line with water gauge tapped directly into the section; dry steam guaranteed wtth no header and only one main outlet from boiler grate bar connections of sectional boilers are outside the ashpit; all heating surface easily cleaned from front of boiler through large flue doors. The temperature of the gases in the first pass or lower flues is at least two hundred degrees higher than in the fire box foran hour or two after firing due to the special mixing or carburetor feature of all Regular type boilers. In the secondary combustion chamber of the Smokeless type, the temperature at times exceeds 2000 deg. Fahr. which means high efficiency due to proper combustion conditions as regards, time, temperature and mixture. The INTERNATIONAL Economy Smokeless Boiler is an up draft boiler de signed to burn any fuel used for heating purposes; as soft coal, hard coal including buckwheat on large installations, coke, oil and gas. It is built on the Kent Wing Wall principle so that the smokeless feature is entirely outside of the fire box and practically independent of the fireman. It has no special grates or arches in the fire box, holds several hours' supply of coal and requires the least possible attention. Excess air is always under control--an important feature that promotes fuel economy. Cut-axvoy View of No. 140-47 Economy Smokeless Boiler 204 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/rrion/iL He/tter Co(DP/my SECTIONAL MEASUREMENTS Regular and Smokeless Steam Sizes A 47" Series Economy Smokeless Boiler Showing Access for Cleaning Ratings and Dimensions ECONOMY SMOKELESS BOILERS Num ber Coal Dimen- Rat Ca Evap. lions ing pacity Power Overall I2. Tappings Supply Return Num ber Coal Dimen Rat Ca Evap. sions ing pacity Power Overall Lbs. Tappings Re Supply turn 80-26 81-26 90-26 91-26 100-26 110-26 2200 2400 2500 2700 2600 3100 375 9.3 425 9.3 460 9.3 510 9.3 545 9.3 545 9.3 40x 69" 40* 74" 40* 77" 40* 82" 40* 85" 40* 93" 33--33V$2"" 3-3iff 3-3$" 3-3$" y-y/2' 2-31/2" 2-3$" 2-V/f i-yff 2-3$" 2-3$" 80-31 2850 81-31 3100 91-31 100-31 101-31 110-31 120-31 130-31 HO-31 150-31 3500 3650 3900 4050 4450 4850 5250 5650 480 9.3 45* 69" 3-4" 545 9.3 45* 74" 3-4" 590 45* 77" 3-4" 655 9.3 45* 82" 3-4" 700 9.3 45* 85" 3-4" 765 9.3 45* 90" 3-4" 810 9.3 45* 93" 3-4" 810 9.3 . 45*101" 3-4" 920 9.3 45*109" 3-4" 920 9.3 45*117" 3-4" 920 9.3 45*125" 3-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 90-38 91-38 100-38 101-38 4700 5000 5250 5550 835 . 925 985 1075 9.75 9.75 .9.75 9.75 52* 77" 52* 82' -52* 85" 52x 90" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" MO-38 5800 1135 9.75 52* 93" 111-38 6100 1225 9.75 52* 98" 120-38 6350 1265 9.75 52*101" 130-38 6900 1285 9.75 52x109" 140-38 7450 1285 9.75 52x117" 150-38 8000 1435 9.75 52x125" 160-38 8550 1435 9.75 52x133" 170-38 9100 1435 9.75 52x141" 90-47 6300 100-47 9300 110-47 10300 120-47 11300 130-47 12300 140-47 13300 150-47 14300 160-47 15300 170-47 16300 180-47 17300 190-47 16300 200-47 19300 210-47 20300 1250 1500 1500 1500 1750 1750 IZ50 1750 .1750 2000 2000 2000 2000 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 6tx 93" 61x103" 61x113" 61x123" 61x133' 61x143" 61x153" 61x163" 61x173" 61x183" 61x193" 61x203" 61x213" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-5" 2-6" 2-6" 2-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 205 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/rrion/iL Heater Coop/my No. 75-38 Steam Pattern No. 26-6 Water Pattern faojvojvnr sectional j}ozuems Steam Water Number Rating Coal Capacity Us. . Evap: Power Dimen Tappings Coal sions Number Rating Capacity Overall Supply Return Lbs. Dimen sions Overall Tappings Supply Re turn 35-19 4-19 45-19 5-19 700 825 975 1100 195 9.6 35* 31" 2-3" 2-3" 19-35 1150 225 9.6 35* 35" 2-3" 2-3" 19-4 1325 265 9.6 35* 40" 2-3" 2-3" 19-45 1600 295 9.6 35* 43" 2-3" 2-3" 19-5 1825 195 33* 31" 1-3" 2-3" 225 33* 35" 1-3" 2-3" 265 33* 40" 2-3" 2-3" 295 33* 43" 2-3" 2-3" 4-26 45-26 5-26 55-26 6-26 5-31 55-31 6-31 65-31 .7-31 75-31 8-31 85-31 1000 1200 1300 1500 1600 1650 1900 2050 2300 2450 2700 2850 3100 290 9.3 40* 37" 2-3%" 2-3/z" 26-4 1650 340 9.3 40* 41" 2-y/z' 2-31/2" 26-45 1975 375 9.3 40* 45" 2-w 2-3/," 26-5 2150 425 9.3 40* 49" 2-y/i" 2-3//' 26-55 2475 460 9.3 40* 53" 2-v/i" 2-3%" 26-6 2650 480 9.3 45* 45" 2-4" 2-4" 31-5 2725 545 9.3 45* 49" 2-4" 2-4" 31-55 3125 590 9.3 45* 53" 2-4" 2-4" 31-6 3375 645 9.3 45* 57" 2-4" 2-4" 31-65 3800 705 9.3 45* 61" 3-4" 2-4" 31-7 4050 770 9.3 45* 65" 3-4" 2-4" 31-75 4450 825 9.3 45* 69" 3-4" 2-4" 31-8 4700 890 9.3 45* 73" 3-4" 2-4" 31-85 5125 290 36* 37" 2-3%" 2-3V," 340 36* 41" 2-314" 2-3%" 375 36* 45" 2-y/i" 2-31/," 425 36* 49" 2-3%" 2-3'/," 460 36* 53 2-3% 2-3*4' 480 42* 45" 2-4" 2-4" 545 42* 49" 2-4" 2-4" 590 42* 53" 2-4" 2-4" 645 42* 57" 2-4" 2-4" 705 42* 61" 3-4" 4-4" 770 42* 65" 3-4" 4-4" 825 42* 69" 3-4" 4-4" 890 42* 73" 3-4" 4-4" 5-38 55-38 6-38 65-38 7-38 75-38 8-38 85-38 9-38 95-38 10-38 105-38 11-38 2500 2800 3050 3350 3600 3900 4150 4450 4700 5000 5250 5550 5800 685 9.75 52* 45" 2-5" 2-5" 38-5 4125 770 9.75 52* 50" 2-5" 2-5" 38-55 4625 835 9.75 52* 53" 2-5" 2-5" 38-6 5025 920 9.75 52* 58" 2-5" 2-5" 38-65 5525 985 9.75 52* 61" 2-5" 2-5" 38-7 5950 1070 9.75 52* 66" 2-5" 2-5" 38-75 6450 1135 9.75 52* 69" 3-5" 2-5" 38-8 6850 1220 9.75 52* 74" 3-5" 2-5" 38-85 7350 1285 9.75 52* 77" 3-5" 2-5" 38-9 7750 1370 9.75 52* 82" 3-5" 2-5" 38-95 8250 1435 9.75 52* 85" 3-5" 2-5" 38-10 8650 1520 9.75 52* 90" 3-5" 2-5" 38-105 9150 1585 9.75 52* 93" 3-5" 2-5" 38-11 9550 685 48* 45" 2-5" 2-5" 770 48* 50" 2-5" 2-5" 835 48* 53" 2-5" 2-5" 920 48* 58" 2-5" 2-5" 985 48* 61" 2-5" 2-5" 1070 48* 66" 2-5" 2-5" 1135 48* 69" 3-5" 4-5" 1220 48* 74" 3-5" 4-5" 1285 48* 77" 3-5" 4-5" 1370 48* 82" 3-5" 4-5" 1435 48* 85" 3-5" 4-5" 1520 48* 90" 3-5" 4-5" 1585 48* 93" 3-5" 4-5" 6-47 7-47 8-47 B9-47 9-47 BIO-47 10-47 5300 6300 7300 8300 8300 9300 9300 1250 1500 1750 1750 2000 1750 2250 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 ' 61* 63" 61* 73" 61* 83" 61* 93" 61* 93" 61*103" 61*103" 2-6" 2-6" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 2-6" 2-6" 2-6" 2-6" 2-6" 2-6" 2-6" 47-6 47-7 47-8 B47-9 47-9 B47-10 47-10 8750 10400 12050 13700 13700 15350 15350 1250 1500 1750 1750 2000 1750 2250 59* 63" 59* 73" 59* 83" 59* 93" 59* 93" 59*103" 59*103" 2-6" 2-6" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 3-6" 2-6" 2-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" 4-6" Bridgewall Section, limiting Grate to Convenient length for hand firing. 206 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces IntERn/mon/iL He/tter Coop/my ECONOMY ROUND BOILERS These Boilers are designed to meet the most rigid demands for economical heating. Tested and rated according,to the A. S. H. & V. E. boiler code. The carburetor principle of combustion is em bodied in the design, also the positive cross fire travel, ah exclusive feature of Economy Round Boilers. Have deep firepot section, positive circulation, ample steam dome, individual cleanout doors and side draft door. Equipped with patented herring-bone tri angular grate or flat grate for soft and the small sizes of anthracite coal. Made in twenty-one sizes, 16 to 30 in., grate, diameters. Steam ratings 350 to 1475 ft. of radiation, corresponding sizes for water. See Catalog 1296-G for additional data. Economy Round Water Number Rating Ratings and Dimensions - ECONOMY ROUND BOILERS Steam Coal Capacity Lb. Evap. Power Tappings Supply and Return Height to Flow Out lets Number Rating Water Coal Cavity Tappings Supply ' and Return Height to Flow Out lets 3E-I6 4E-I6 5Erl6 350 375 400 114 114 114 8.2 l-2%" 45' 16E-3 575 114 1-2/2" 40/2' 9.0 9.7 11--22/',/"' 49' 53' 16E-4 I6E-5 625 650 114 114 1-2/5" l-2%" 44i/2' 48%' 3E-18 4E-I8 5E-I8 425 475 500 142 142 142 8.2 l-2%" 45' I8E-3 700 142 1-2/2" 40%' 9.0 l-2'/2" 49* 18E-4 775 142 l-2%" Wf 9.7 l-2%" 53' I8E-5 825 142 1-2'/' 48%' 2E-21 3E-2I 4E-2I 2E-24 3E-24 4E-24 5E-24 450 - 170 525 170 575 170 550 220 650 220 725 220 775 220 8.2 2-2/," 21E-2 750 170 2-2/2" 42/4' 9.0 9.7 2-2/?" sw/ 2-2%" WC 2IE-3 2 IE-4 875 950 170 170 2-2V/' 2-2%" 46/2' 50%' 8.2 2-3" 47*// 24E-2 900 220 2-3" 43/2' 9.0 2-3" 52%' 24E-3 1075 220 2-3" 48' 9.7 2-3" 56%' 24E-4 1200 220 2-3" 52%' 10.3 2-3" 61%' 24E-5 1275 220 2-3" 57' 2E-27 3E-27 4E-27 5E-27 2E-30 3E-30 4E-30 5E-30 700 825 925 1000 1025 1200 1350 1475 275 275 27S 275 385 385 385 385 8.2 9.0 9.7 10.3 8.2 9.0 9.7 10.3 2-31/2" 2-31/2" 2-5/2" 2-3'/2" 50' 543/4' w/2' 64%' 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 52%' 58' 63%' 66%' 27E-2 27E-3 27E-4 27E-5 30E-2 30E-3 30EL-4 30E-5 16" 1150 275 1375 275 1550 275 1650 275 1675 2000 2225 2.400 18" 385 385 385 385 2|" 24" 2-3/," 2-3%". 2-3/2" 2-3%" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 27" 45%' 50%' 55' 59%' 48' 531/4' 58%' 63%' 30" Outside Diameter at Base............................................................. l22%" Height. Root to Center, Return-Tappings................................... I5%" Size of Smoke Rue........................ .'.`T....................................... Fjctreme width of Firepot Section................................................ 22%" 25/2" I5%" 7" 23" 29" 16" 9" 26/z" 32" 17" 9" 28/e" 35" 17/2" 10" 32/4" 39" 1 T/z" 10" 35" 207 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/rrion/iL Heater Cocop/my Carton Furnace Baronet Furnace INTERNATIONAL CARTON FURNACE T*he International Carton Furnace is a sturdy, powerful heater made entirely of heavy cast iron with but five principal castings used in its assem blage. It is very economical in the use of any fuel com monly used for heating purposes because of its self cleaning radiator. Deep sealed cup joints are provided wherever castings join. The base and lower casing ring are in one piece, feed chute and combustion chamber are cast as a unit, and the ashpit is in one piece. Has patented herring-bone triangular grate, large double feed door, and roomy ashpit. Made in six sizes. Firepot diameters 20 to S3 in. Casing diameters 40 to 60 in. Complete Catalog 1563-G sent on request. INTERNATIONAL BARONET FURNACE The International Baronet Furnace is a heavily constructed, medium priced, modern Heater -- attractive in appearance, carefully mounted and fitted. Furnished with specially designed, one-piece cast radiator, egg shaped in cross section, or steel radiator as desired. Fitted with patented herring-bone triangular revolving grate hung in drop frame assembled without bolts or cotter pins. Large double feed door, coil openings, deep ashpit, two-piece firepot --corrugated outside, smooth inside--one-piece feed chute and combustion-dome. Made in seven sizes for hard or soft coal. Firepot diameters 16 to 28 in., casing diameters 30 to 52 in. Send for Catalog 1270-G giving complete data. Onepipe Heater INTERNATIONAL ONEPIPE HEATER The International Onepipe Heater is designed to deliver large volumes of warm air through one register correctly pro portioned to firepot diameter. The castings with the exception of special flanged front are the same as those used in the Baronet Furnace. Heavy galvanized casings. Inner casing triple lined with heavy asbestos and corrugated tin. Both casings extend down to the rings which are integral with the base. Top is adjust able to various heights without cutting. . Furnished with cast or steel radiator for hard or soft coal. Firepot diameters 16 to 24 in. Casing diameters 36 to 50 in., register sizes 24 x 24 in. to 40 x 40 in. Complete data in Catalog 1610-G. Special Types for Warming and Ventilating School Houses. Send for Bulletins 1505 and 4010-G. 208 Boilers Kewanee Boiler Company Kewanee, Illinois BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES Steel Heating and Power Boilers, Water Heating Garbage Burners, Tabasco Heaters, Tanks and Radiators Kewanf.e. Smokeless Kewanee Firebox Boilers represent 35 years of intensive study and effort to obtain the highest Buck-set--for Heating grade equipment for heating buildings. They are adapted to the burning of any grade of fuel and will maintain high efficiency whein operating to supply the variable demands of a heating load. KEWANEfc Sm?KELESS The rated capacity is the amount of direct radiation that the boiler will carry with a firing Boiler interval of three to four hours depending upon the grade of fuel used. No discount in rating is ad vised as reserve capacity has been allowed to care for the most severe weather conditions. Kewanee Boilers are built of steel ac cording to the rules of construction adopted by the American Society of Me chanical Engineers, known as the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code. . Ratings The rated.capacity of Kewanee Boilers, as printed in this book, is the number of square feet of direct radiating surface or equivalent which the boiler will carry, if sufficient radiation is installed'td. heat the building-to the required temperature. The ratings are based on a standard for steam of two pounds pressure at the boiler, and for water on a mean temperature of 180 deg. fahr. as the water leaves the boiler. ' N u m b e r o f B o ile r ........................................... Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers iAd* 1 OcCAAAO----l'cC^AaN*--'2Oel^C-A^*NA lAeO'O g> M" N-Arshv. C --CM >io..aorA0--A --0,*fO<N<N--(^--Sa5ff''\n(Nt--NOOca id O'fOON''eON A'C. ,2^CiAA *OA ^iAOO.e 2ft'>O-N^l--stv^gfS-o->O0'-OSNN(*--\0S9SoO--CMVfN\0<><N\^--O0|0OM'ffO>A OOjw'OO'O_~';OOifloo^coo g.^i<oo-tso.os--Qsoo.>2eot4 4M--V>--o--o<<n>in<snr<^ro-->oNa<.^cA^a 1 I7 K 1 18K . g-oiA> vO'O-jOca'A*a'icl^aCO-O >O_-NNnN<lAoO3IS-2QoO'< 5TOO OON- CAfA -- OOO -- S^S - ''S - id QWo --O'O'-Oi OO^^Jt^.'A >>NoetsOin-^--Ni\iort>WaAO<ojgog3N--OmiOA'--mmisMnfri(srNi-0T0--^ g'-R ~ ^2 -f'"' id r*>oouAAiA ---on " .^mcm ^ OiA --SC.Oi'fSN--iTiO. --r^N^u^o --h> 2<^5a*-e00^ra,'.Oc^mJ^^-cAiu-i-r\>.A ^-(S>AMO- --"-'c<o5<(OcAA' r-0>.r>l''.^0A'--OMiA"0O'O--Q^<-->ci7m 'S---O-*dgr--icaraii ONtt'e,A,'ON>n t'OOwt'MO- --'^'flWoo N c-mNimirf*t^O-* --'e-*'fotCo --OcSa --'Oc'mfrNoOOa J-13K I 14K id m OcgAjapcA-*n- m-2~^Ncmmft-Nca(Mn-iviA >j* ca mcm- --m- -- af*.. CJO[ --go* cam --ocaa<--ocsm 9--'<9m .M^" ono a* 0N<,(NvAO'^'0^- oca ca -- "~ .Jl ca A. ' CM --M--- A..r--*. 00w00vAal 0--'c0a0a'--NcOm --'9c'm0i<<mA>i aa--* id ooo'oo^ooootn'o^' cam- --iftcmm-m--- -- a.JT--<mwcwm\ o--r,oi>>.--Kcm9-->9cm.cNa n aa. ca -- -- -id O' PJeCRMoWar.s'--NO nm- Oc---Tm ocm O^ Ocm T'AIOV mOl>-0<'>ouNfoim*>-.(aS- --t^a 'm0- O--Omrts'O--^cOm --'Ocm'NcaO' O' _ id O.am--- -- N-r *Qcm'AM-<' 00 cm -- *" -- M--" -P.SC--a. lA--C`MA^' -- caaCA -- cMm- O--' cOm' cmAiA ccAa tr\ ~~ id O'fAcA2^--MtM" CM^CA _.^sP^IM--U---ICA--M" lA/->-OA ---- --0 CM --MA*l-AO-- f--N --O' fOS'r--A'COA A4 -- ~ 'O ' id OOOTO'OlA^^'O-AmNN<O-.OfA NWfAU^-^<OA'O--'*inAiri----a--3\Og --OAVOS--<--S --0'N<N0A-- <o 2 -- - iA ~ id O' OO'O ^ *A O lA C*V Alr<^Atn -- AO O^-rN'O -- O'O'OO' rA TA-7 -- fAP'l'*- fAfAfA--U-l -- -- -- CN -O -- A* -- A< A* cA -- O' ^ fA -- oA 4' id OAT^'-O(A O-- --'rAlAONOi-AtA r*etAo^*-Ar\4^--'+\eA^*A0"0--'0'0C^A' ----Act.l CNa* *a -- -'O {T- id CM OOOA^'-AO-COA^--NA--OfAO--O'O-sA--TJ^' A1CAAIOfA> A* -- AAJ A"_i *--A- VC^A <X)---O -->0'O--<--X> O--O ON-NO(OA' Ars ^JCW-CAO--O--ACAt^--K^O^ vT* >r fCAAA^J --^ lAA* Ot'A'--A* c*A r^A W. -- -- -- ---- A0C>--AfA< CD ^ Pi M-- :::':: 2 i: :::::::= 2 : : : : : ;- : :*s - : ; :::?:: go -i : :::::: 1c : i'g :& S g :' ::::::: g-2: * ' .<?- : : : : : g :$> i wgS'Sf : i iH-g : :. j -'=9 : 8 fes S?^2OT"CS c S 1 JoO mmttiisimh Sj; to--s SSE E oo 5 g'c>c3`^(?$`3c/5 g 2 -cOf 1 >. Z^S ti ^ ti o u4,-o_c*2o|2J 11: Iffil-Sp * o o o O g gJo'SJ;'S|;j I so s ji c*os f5St'SS2f,-i-Sr-.*SJuP=.2-*cP> .-5*cPi "3os 'o5S s>5 5 C^ SoT ViC tl-S.'S i- 5?.2oP a c-SP ;~5 ! os 0 < ? "T1 ^^-i-i i^ F oundations included,W space is a v a ila b le a t fro n t, i t is n o t necessary a t rear, and vice-versa. B oilers N o. 1IC to N o. 1 2 K are fu rn ish e d w ith cast iro n base hu/1 h e ig h t back sta n d fu rn is h e d w ith a ll boilers, no pier, see L e tte r W . Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers U 8K id 0C<SOAA4c--A-AA.I--* CAA^-AA. 2-- >>C<--A-AA.AcA.AA4. A--* i--A c--A----CO AlCD --CA ACA C--O ^AA--cOA' >>A^AcA A--* CAAlA--O< mOAAAl A *A --A -- -- -- id a5CAu",.cAs.j--` CAtA^<AAC. O 2i_^--O'AAAiA. --0O--A^A--,l ,,A--IAIOO--cAcAalo--OAO0A--^cOA' ix>A?^<ACA--N AO4N--ICAAAI.AOIAl OCA CA--A* 2 H CO -- OAA<OO^ANACO >f*0' A. CM Al ^ AIcA -- A A vA O S SCCAOO'IA-- CA^A 2f i"A" -- O' _C1A----0 *A -- A -- A --CACOCA -- ^ A--l CAA A^l CCOA Al Al - H- - - id gR^SSSSSK"'0 ^2:S3g~g;g3Sg52S2gSSgR!:Sgg?S A* O' CA Al-- -- -- CA Al fA Al ^ t- "* -- * ACAAI*neOA.tA O >fl'J<0' AONAVOAIQONACOOAAAAA'r'OOAO OAAA.*T--<AACAA t_*. cA 1A S -- o-iA JCA--_ A -- A| -- CACAACA -- ^A--ICAA--AICAA O' A< r- -- -- -- id O0__AA_-- ^-A*AeO-\A.m >O CA c/> CA CA -- AlcA'-AIAlAcAAfAAAI -- _^T'-- -- OslA-T--Ow' ^A -- Al -- AIO'CAA.CA -- Al <A A--l C--A CO At -- -- --- id OOO' --.1AA-*AHAACAAAm CA--i^A CA OV' A<A^--- -- -- cAlAcAAI ^-- *^A -- OIOA 'CfOt -- U1 O' 2 "* -- O' -- Al id rt 00 --^ --AVIAAA O IA^'MiAcA A|U1I ^ TAAA^'OAAO^'rt'flOA --ICIO'OO'^ANAAA -- AAA ~ O' A. ^ -- -- -- Al cA Al -- Al O' JA O' ' ' O'--Al id fS LAAl 0Oi ^Al'1AAcA|L1AnAl/'l <NVA Nflin CM Af- ^AJ^.i0^^AOCA --A--O---- AA--A^NA A. Al Al -- Al A A ~ O --Al o-AJAA1li-SQcAAiAAOT n>T---- O' M- CA PA ** CA -- id CA 1 AAI*^AAWA\ r: 2 -^^CA m AA.clA'JaApCA0^n-O--O--'--AA.AI--A0'IM-----4AA. Au-g>> O' ---- AA*A-O---AA*H*A-CA O-- A--'--0---0A0-'AAl -- AAl A--O-- A AAOCD -- id ggT3r7S$S'',r O0' MCA-cA---- ^-- K5?5R$SS2J5a<2R2S ^5 . Ag ------- id 90 O------NOU1>A'O'0 '^OTA A. M- CM M" CM M-M- O' Al ^ Al CM -- -- -- |nO0'AICA '^'Ij A*cAJL^tA -- -- -- -- A-CM ->-tM -- -- 1A .W JO 'A ACO -- <0 ---- id A OuSCM<AM"A M|C" --M1 OPWI^-'N'OAu-iM- ^A CM CAfA O CM -- Ah O' CA CA M; >J0' ^ ^ A -- ACA A% "O CA -- -- -- -- A CM ^'Al -- ^ ----C--A *A id . COM-O.m"TN?NiACA CM CM CD CM sMO'M^T- TrA CM A --cA !3CAM-CMM -----0'----*MC--MlAAOA;l M--- -- CA CAO*--1*' 5 -- id 1ACM1A0^CA >CIQO Al tM 1 A --OAOI,OAA --AO'AA-- AN O'0--0 A--CA " -- M" CM A CM CAcA CaHr-. *l Al -- --. -- -- CM ACM -- -- lA OO -- id S1AASo OCA ---- -- M0" CM0KAA CM A*. AClA--fA --A ^ a--MOlX"'O^N^ 0--9----- A--N--NAAAN--^ N AfA A AO' 'O ' .! .................................................................................................N u m b e r o f B o i l e r .....................................................................................................*1 +i ` Q* ............................... ' - - *.............................................. . . . . - . * . . . . ....................................-..................................................................................... . . . ;...... .. ..-.-.-.. _.. .* . . . - . . ... -.. ... ... -* ... . ... ... ... I : : : : : : : : : : . . .- . . . - . . \ \'-i .... ...-...........................................................*.. . . . . . ...'-.-................................... . . . . p . . . *................................................................................. ... ... ... ... ^Ts ... ... ... -*'........................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................... ... . J; .......................... : : : :'5. g c : : : : :-v : : : . . 1. . . . .r(I ` ...*..*,* O ' * * > y ^ .... . C............................. H ...*.. : :i : : 11 : : j :-g : 8 * ' ^ : : : : : :m:3 : : oca : ; \i :i : si: & 'li - :<n-=.I =jsi : ,^-c ^3 .! `eS "= c -cq >%coqsys-u S^cq -U s S sa s s s E i . JJ & ! J J12 2 J.I S 1Z 2 m d l'HI`252 ZS'38 2.2Eg6^-X&jg6^-&.N2.a Ol<Q-JQQXv5co * IS ttfMi Jl MliMid lim* .0sol o1 w1 fI a1 o1s1^i1d1JISIZ1OMOi1dMtfO1 ^1xNl`ag^*zi zio| co ^ T-i-* Foundations not included, t l f space is available a t fro n t, it is n o t necessary a t rear, and vice-versa. Boilers N o. 104K to 112K are furnished w ith cast iro n bases. F u ll h e ig h t back stand w ith a ll boilers, no p ie r, see L e tte r X . Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers 8 !RSiSi":*s*!?s"'cl!'ra=iSasifa*2s=*!saiS O |KS3^axs*5B--^REasajiassjsHsaii |S2|2SSS3Sg'oS=Si3SHP!SgzST38g 2 C- |*s:asss*B-(gga=3s=S8sas3=a53g| >o gssB^assssB-'" ss=ssi|K3S!25=832|| =|Sp^SSg?gS''- 5S SSSS!C3S23 = S33|g If -S2S283S"3S32g 2 g*=32sss**s''" *s=*M3sa-3-aS 2 |"S2sassssr''' gs-S5SsSs*>S"?3S|| = |523^sasSgg-^ gSCT,S5Ss3S"2*'?358| O Isp^assRSg-- "a-jcggssa-s-^ssgi O' ?SK;?ssss!3S'<;"r mf5CT-Sft23g3a,'35!33gg |?2s-ss5sg''r H,'?ftS3g3S''3"?33Sg '|SpS=255S!S-- g2-?^KrS--'3SS3|| Ig-^gssssas-- ~-ssRra=~3s2ajjjg |SS"S = *aa,S"'" S2-aS-"" ^-^ssssKSs^j^sgsgs gggs^22?s=5'rg ^s^ase3K3=:'o2's23g 8SS;22?"'rg 2'SSS3K22'<=3S358S < - Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers |iSKS*B:f8"'0|!^a=R:85RiSfS*2dS3|2| O' |^3SS?S-rS2S82S2S3^|SS23S3|2| 2 IS*3*B58"Ta=5S=R^a8S*ss33l8| t- 2^S3SS?E-(|-S23S2a:ia2SSS233S|gg O |g3sSsas-""igga=ssasiS3R=*233r|=| 2 |gTS|ssss-- 5a=3*ss28|=K5a2|3=|=| O *3*3*6-" jaase-asssiasa-sssISI 2 gSTSJSSSS'"'' 'r?52S?a2$c?28SS"g2 = |g8 ISS5^*543''"' 'a='S!52sg82=3?ff5<o3338gs - gf^ssssss-0-*- sa'?5cia=8g33!?R"=33|g| O |g^e'aaass-- ^-ssas^gs^ss.^gsg 1 grqi2a2S'0'e "?!^.?s't;c;s33gsa,'333ssa pT5p8SS''; SS^?R'R2SS3=gRSJ''533|8| 2 S sg5!?2saa8''f ga'Rft^^<"sssgsRf'23S|8| ggTS^asas'0" gRo'5s^r^RS3saa,'2S3ss 2 gs^sgssss'0"' gt'Rm-3:f;23sss''333as8 2 S gggS32S5S''" ^R^SR0-2''t:33SSS''333gS8 ^d..d.=j;.sc".d.= .E.S.S.E.S.S.S.E.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S : i i ' jjj ii : : : : : : : : : ; : : : i : : i.iiisi-: : : N u m b e r of B o ile r...................................... Capacity, Steam............................................... ,q.ft. Diameter of Boiler....................................... .in. Length of Boiler Over-all............................... ft. Heating Surface............................................... q.ft. Area o fGrate......... ...................................q. ft. Diameter& J Sof Breeching.....................................in. o B o ^ : : : ; - : : l Diameter of Stack. Two Boiler.......................in. MinimS ^ um^ :Height: : : : ;of; ;Stack.; ; ; :Two: ; :B;o.ilevr..........ft.: : . : Size of Safety Valve....................................... in. C -R e a r Space..............................................in. D -- Thickne.. Wall....................................... in. ......... ............................... M -- Height of Water-line...............................in. N -H e ig h t of Side Flue..................................ft.in. O -D iam eter Breeching Connection.............in. 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Sw v jj ~ S;fiO-5o j>* 3^-"0g- co S S'oO'S^^m g 2 fc'owcc 'll ef He-sH S* 8 .2 c.S`C.2`5 n n OX<Q-!3oXQXt/5c75 214 . *> >-o *j <V ' 1 _ .O--3S--C--4OJO- *cgD.otJr!CS*CJZQ=O.0.3CO10*CO1*I)i:>C'JH.MQCS_ cM-.aCS"?Sy-lWQ02U-sSog -iroiCl6i.-`*f"^ci-:-JV">O- w. CC rc ee u *; + S .. c ** C SiiixJJ *3-2 coO F oundations n o t included. + [f space a v a ila b le a t fro n t, it is n o t necessary a t rear, and vice-versa. Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers 420 421 422 423 424 28000 2427 46.1 84 - 22-1 40 100 54 110 10 6 Four 4 43 86 90 77 11- 4 109 121 123. 105 12- 6 21 13 20 64 20-0 18-2 935 505 KEW ANEE BO ILERS-- PORTABLE TYPE 0go^^9o>o^t-iABC0T^'iAo0-- J1 ^-^-isstA- coSaorsrs.O--O' r--srttsiuoA^tsSf--*ArS'SO--^^rjSOOuUAA S rs s t^ rs jC o> -- ------H -- -- SO 4>S- S -- -- u> t^ ts. ^N*S. -- tSUAm g^O."N^"r2. _g S Ps -- -- -- <?. S"'m -- H -- UOA US--A' ts ---- rSA O S' gf ivS'ST*'l0s.fs.ts--. 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H e a t in g S u rfa c e ................................................................................. aq.f t . A re a o f G r a t e .................................................................................. aq. f t . ' D ia m e t e r o f B o ile r ............................................................................ in . L e n g th o f B o ile r ..................................................................................f t . in . D ia m e t e r o f S t a c k ............................................................................. in . H e ig h t o f S t a c k ................................................................................... f t . D ia m e te r o f S ta c k , T w o B o ile r a .................................................in . H e ig h t o f S ta c k , T w o B o ile r a ......................................................f t . S iz e o f S te a m O p e n in g .................................................................... in . S iz e o f R e t u r n .......... .*....................................................................... in . oN u m b e r f B o ile r 215 S iz e o f S a fe ty V g lv e .......................................................................... . . in . D ista n ce R equired to O pen R e a r F lu e D oora .in . -- L e n g th o f A s h - p it ............... ...............................................in .D : E -- W id t h o f F ir e - b o x ................................................................. in . F -- A s h - p it B a s e t o P ie r ............................................................f t . in , G-- H e ig n t B re e c h in g C o n n e c tio n ...................... in .H -- H e ig h t o f B o ile r .....................................................................in . 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O u ts id e S u rfa c e t o b e C o v e r e d ................................................a q .f t F oundations n o t in clu d e d . f R space is a va ila b le a t fro n t, i t is n o t necessary a t rear, and vice-versa. Boilers Molby Boiler Company 41 East 42nd Street Incorporated NEW YORK New Molby Magazine--Feed, Downdraft, Smokeless Boilers with the new adjustable side grate--for steam, vapor and hot water. tvitht ^lOLBY The new `Molby* will heat home--large apartment house --or commercial building-- having a good chimney, just as successfully and just as easily with this low-priced small coal as ordinary boilers burning the expensive sizes. New adjustable side grate permits regulation of fire to suit kind of coal used. Low draft resistance. The new ` Molby* is easy to operate, is self feeding, and gives a steady, even heat over long periods with low-priced No. 1 Buckwheat Anthracite, as well as larger sizes. Also burns sized free-burning bituminous with proper chimney draft. Also coke. Magazines need re-filling only once every 12 hours. Cast iron sectional construction throughout. ' Ratings are based on the assumption that a good grade of No. 1 Buckwheat Anthracite is to be used and that the chimney is of such area, height and tight ness as to produce the required draft; also that the boiler, mains and connections shall be covered with an insulating material. These ratings, under the same conditions, may be used for sized soft coal, of the free-burning and non-caking variety. Should larger sizes of good grades of Anthracite be used, a given boiler--other conditions being the same--would burn with equal efficiency. 20 per cent more coal. Thus, when such larger sizes are regularly used, the ratings shown are increased 20 per cent. The new `Molby* boiler is built throughout in accordance with the codes of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society of Heating and Venti lating Engineers. 1 Water Line Returns Steam Rating Height Outlets Chimney Flue Approximate Shipping Weight Returns | Water Rating Number SIZES, CAPACITIES, DIMENSIONS AND PRICES OF NEW MOLBY BOILER STEAM STEAM AND WATER WATER Size-- nches Steam Cipher List Price ji 45 & -C to Vc -1 V O E CO Number Water Cipher List Price 26" Series S- 4026 S- 5026 S- 6026 S- 7026 S- 8026 Adageo Addleo Adnuto Adzo Adelo 43 2-3 43 2*3 43 2-3 43 2-3 43 2-3 500 $2801 54 675 340 54 850 400 54 1025 460 54 1200 . 520 j 54 41 41 41 41 41 35% 10 2-3 8x12 1890 W- 4026 Domo 2-3 850 $270 42 10 2-3 8x12 2230 W- 5026 Doseo 2-3 1125 330 48% to 2-3 8x12 2580 W- 6023 Doffo 2-3 1400 390 55 to 2-3 12x12 2950 W- 7025 Dovco 2-3 1700 450 61% 10 2-3 12x12 3300 W- 8026 Uocko 2-3 2000 510 31" Series S- 4031 S- 5031 S- 6031 S- 7031 S- 8031 S- 9031 S-I003I Bugo Buffo Bullo Burto Buibo tJuoyo Bungo m54 2-3 1000 4701 62% 61 54 2-3 1350 580 ` 61 54 2-3 1700 667 j 62>A 61 54 2-3 2050 814 62% 61 54 2-3 2400 904 62% 61 34 2-4 2750 984 62% 61 54 2-4 3100 1064 62% 61 37% 14 2-4 8x12 3320 W- 4031 Edamo 2-4 1650 470 44 14 2-4 12x12 3820 W- 5031 Edgeo 2-4 2250 580 50% 14 2-4 12x12 4290 W- 6031 Edito 2-4 2850 667 56% 14 2-4 12x16 4690 W- 7031 Edicto 2-4 3425 814 63% 14 2-4 12x16 5100 W- 8031 hdeno 2-4 4000 904 69% 14 3-4 16x16 5510 W- 9031 Educeo 3-4 4575 984 75% 14 3-4 16x16 5930 W-10031 Eduxo 3-4 5150 1064 47" Series S' 5047 S- 6047 S- 7047 S- 8047 S- 9047 S-10047 S-t 1047 S-12047 S-13047 Calxo Callo Caro Carpo Casco Cadio Cabo Uando Camo 61 2-4 2550 960 80 61 2-4 3200 1120 80 61 2-4 3850 1280 80 61 2-4 4500 1446 80 61 2-4 5150 1600 80 61 3-4 5800 1760 80 61 3-4 6450 1940 80 61 3-4 7100 7100 80 61 3-4 7750 2260 80 75% 50% 14 2-4 12x16 5990 W- 5047 Fluxo 2-4 4250 960 25% 59 14 2-4 16x16 7150 W- 6047 Fledo 2-4 5325 1120 75% 67% 16 3-4 16x16 8310 W- 7047 Klipo 3-4 6400 1280 75% 76 16 3-4 16x20 9500 W- 8047 Flowo 3-4 7500 1440 75% 84% 18 3-4 16x20 10650 W- 9047 Flungo 3-4 8575 1600 75% 93 18 4-4 20x20 11640 W-10047 Flusho 3-5 9650 1760 73'A 75% 101% no 18 4-4 20x20 13000 W-II047 1* Unto 18 4-4 20x24 14150 W-12047 Flato 3-5 10725 1940 3-5 11800 2100 75% IIS'/, 18 4-4 20*24 15320 W-13047 Meigo 3-5 12925 2260 Note.--In ordering 26-in. boilers state whether you wish same fitted up with right hand or left hand end to the chimney. Length includes Smoke.Box. . Equipment.--Each steam boiler is equipped with a full set steam trimmings (26 in. series. 1 pressure regulator; 31 in. and 47 in. series, 2 pressur regulators). Water boilers are furnished with two water temperature regulators; except 26 in. series which are equipped with one. A complete set of firing and cleaning tools, together with an instruction card for its operation, accompanies each steam and water boiler. 216 Boilers OilCitt BoilerWorks Oil Cit y/ New York, 501 Fifth Ave. Chicago. 1224 Marquette Bldg. Los Angeles. 404 Union Bank Bldg. Pittsburgh, 1116 House Bldg. Baltimore, Dukehart Bldg., McComas and Race Sts. Detroit, 242 W. Larned St. Kansas City, 410 E. 43rd St. Minneapolis, Metropolitan Life Bldg. Philadelphia, Room 1043 Rea! Estate Trust Bldg. Atlanta, 50 S. Forsyth St. Boston, 66 Broadway, Cambridge. Toronto, Ont., 45 Jarvis St. "0*7 City" Direct Draft Boiler "0*7 City" Smokeless Boiler "OIL CITY" low pressure boilers are offered to the trade as the last word in "Heating Economy" comprising in one unit all the elements of a modern plant for steam or hot water heating, especially adapted for Schools, Office Buildings, Hotels, Churches, Club Houses, Hospitals or for any purpose where the service of a universally recognized fire box boiler of high merit is desired. "OIL CITY" boilers are designed and constructed to meet all requirements of modern engineering as formulated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the boiler laws of the various states and cities, and are backed by thirty-five years of successful practical experience. Description--"OIL CITY" boilers are built in smokeless and straight draft types for portable and brick settings, self con tained with all steel construction thor oughly braced, stayed, inspected, and tested for 15 lb. working pressure. These boilers have large fire boxes thereby insuring ample combustion space in which heat-giving gases and air freely mix before entering tubes. The arrangement of tubes in relation to shell allows free circulation of water at all times, together with large steam space, insuring dry steam and steady water level. All parts of the boiler are made ac cessible for cleaning by the use of man holes,* handholes, and wash-out plugs. Ratings--Ratings are very conservative, only such parts of the boiler coming in actual contact with passage of the hot gases, and lying below the zone of normal water level being considered as heating surface. Equipment--Equipment with all boilers includes, in addition to complete set of shaking grates, all the necessary castings, safety valves, steam gauge, water column, etc., required for a complete installation. In General--In addition to the foregoing, the object of the OIL CITY BOILER WORKS is to furnish a boiler that has embodied in it the best feature of modern construction and free from the recognized faults. Every "OIL CITY" boiler bears the official stamp, or symbol of the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code, indicating the pressure at which the boiler may be worked. At a small increase in cost "OIL CITY " boilers are furnished, braced and stayed, for a safe working pressure of 100 lb. Complete- specifications, measurements and weights shown in Catalog H-9. SPECIFICATIONS AND GENERAL DIMENSIONS ON NEXT PAGE. 217 Oil City Boiler Works Boilers Boilers The Wm. H. Page Boiler Co. . GENERAL OFFICES 141-145 West 36th Street * NEW YORK Branches: 379 Commercial Street. Boston. Rose Building, Cleveland. 1718 Sansom Street. Philadelphia. Factory: Meadville. Pa. Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Round and Square Steam and Hot Water Boilers "Oil City" Smokeless /ttsoex aracrur ovnarr - jt&w*7 ovrznr - hnrEF anac an/ocrac n 0OLCF LS776T0 7CC0F 70 <X/7Zr c noae to nmnn a FLOCF TV MT7BT LFC /7svr aee cotlff f MC&fr ns* rrr 37Z OCJ7Lr g. 37Z FFTlJFr/ _*ar svcnr am^r an atoms -arc aat&e an afcayare - tm? aataxo an jmcK -erne ocr/FF an 3779CX - 7hO 0O7LFF3 rcjGsrr j7?xx -cns otxlff f&GHT S7TSC7C - 7MT OtXCFFJ fbpxt tv enor nave wars 3?.Fr to34 Fr Fr/Sto Fr*to ttoo fr&to tons~to ttttoooo to to Ft Ft . to 007 <300 009 OXJ 0/7 070 0/3 074 0/0 076 077 OJO 079 aeo 07/ 077 073 074 xxv JJOO 4000 4300 3S00 3300 6000 6300 7300 0300 axo ecoo 4000 A4000 0COO 0X00 39X0 xzzt XXV XXV 6600 7700 OJOO 9X30 9900 0700 (7400 4000 9300 (9000 73700 76400 <9X0 33009 63000 <0003 no 40 40 34 34 34 60 60 60 60 66 66 70 77 TO TO 04 04 ot <0-3 77-3 70-7/ 77-7/ 77-77 77-7/ 73-77 7S-J 76-J 0-9 (T9 A6-7 7T77 /TXT 0-0 704 64-7 j-7 3-9 4-7 J-S J-9 4-7 4-7 4-0 4-4 4-9 6-9 6-0 3-0 3-9 3-0 6-t 6-3 9-/ 79 a 79 79 <9 79 77* 77* 77* 7776 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 7! 7/ 7/ 76 79 79 07 07 07 07 90 90 96 96 97 97 703 705 TV TO TO TS TS TJ 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-77 0-7/ 9-3 9-S 9-7 9-7 70-7 70-7 74 74 74 74 74 74 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 00 00 0 0 VC 4 4 4 4 4 43 3 33 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 C,J6 ax ax <947 7947 <947 t$* <2*46 3.X 75*X (754 77*34 (7.60 7700 0X64 6064 77 77 77 74 74 74 79 76 03 03 X J7 34 34 36 X 93 47 JO JO JO J4 34 J4 JO 30 40 40 44 46 30 X 37 37 36 36 70 70 70 77 77 77 74 74 76 79 70 X 37 37 34 34 30 40 70 70 TO J7 J7 J7 34 34 39 36 40 47 46 46 40 43 S4 34 JO JJ S3 S3 S3 60 60 60 63 63 63 TV TO TV 00 90 30 TOO 000 63 63 63 63 7V TO TO 73 73 73 00 00 0O 3V xo 7X3 70 7 79 70 70 03 37 37 37 37 33 33 37 37 40 40 43 43 "Oil City" Direct Draft Type HU/SKF OF 0O/LFF 307 XU SOS 370 $7/ 9/7 S/3 0/4 S/5 S/6 S/7 s/a 3/S 570 50/ sea sea 304 cnFffCfrr - jsrcrrv 34 Ft 7500 7900 3300 4000 9300 3000 4300 6000 7000 0OOO voo 77000 75000 75000 (7500 TOOCt 75000 03006 oofLTF anrvcTZfi toJfe Ft 4700 4000 *000 6600 7400 0300 307 JJOC 77600 73700 3700 70700 7/300 74000 70300 37000 400C0 43300 n 90 90 40 34 34 34 60 60 60 60 66 66 77 77 70 70 04 04 0G4LEF LF/9GF77 O Frfto 0-7 3-6 II-( XWT K-7 47-7 47-3 7J-7 74-4 76-7 73-3 7T4 75-77 77-6 77/7 79-77 70-7 77-7 7C779/C 7V OUTLET C Ft*to }-!/ 4-3 4-0 6-7 4-9 4-7 4-0 4-/7 3-/1 6-3 6-3 7-7 6-J 6-3 6-0 7-7/ 7-7 3-7 FIOOF 70 0697770 L77C toto 79 79 79 79 79 19 776 77a 776 77/i 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 77 77 77 76 76 76 07 07 07 07 X 90 96 96 97 97 X03 X05 7iJG7fT CFF/F 75O7LE70 F Frgto 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-3 T3 7-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-7/ 0-/7 9-5 5-5 S-7 S-7 707 707 H/GHr 79JW FTT G Frito 74 74 74 74 74 74 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 to 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 a 0 V V to 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 to 0*36 X3.J6 ax 0.47 0X47 0*47 77.460.46 &.46 &0D (5*30 (5*30 (Ti54 (7.3a (7*60 7*60 0X64 0364 to 77 77 77 74 74 74 76 76 70 70 X 37 34 34 36 J6 40 40 to0/(9 GFCECTt/F/G-TM? OLF3. .30 30 .30 34 34 34 33 30 40 40 44 46 30 X S3 je 36 36 to 70 TV 70 77 77 77 74 74 76 76 70 X 37 37 34 34 30 40 to039. OT/9C7C TWO OLF5. TO 70 70 37 37 37 34 34 36 36 40 47 46 46 40 40 34 34 7/F7G7/T 0777C7(-ar7 OLF Ft X 30 33 33 33 60 60 60 63 63 63 TV 70 TV 0O 50 90 XV FE&& 70 CXPOY F&SF 00063 Ft. 60 60 63 63 63 TO TO TO TS 75 75 ao 0O 0O 90 TOO TOO 7/0 kf 76 76 76 70 03 03 37 37 37 37 33 35 37 37 40 40 43 43 218 Monarch Regular Type, Sectional View f Monarch Sectional Steam and Water Boilers Dimensions and Ratings Number 8 Hr. Rating* Sq. Ft. Steam 8 Hr. Rating* Sq. Ft. Water Size of Grate.| Inches Area of Grate, Sq. Ft. Height Over All, Inches Steam ' Width Over All. Inchei, Steam, Height Over All, Inches Water . Width Over All, Inche* Water Total Length, Inches Water Line, Inches Steam Outlets and Inlets, Inches Size of Smoke 1 Pipe, Inches 604 650 605 850 606 1050 607 1250 608 1450 1075 1400 1725 2050 2400 22*20 22x253/6 22x32 yi 22*39'/fl . 22*45% 3.35 4.03 5.00 5.98 6.95 60l/2 60'/2 60'/2 60'/, 60Vi 39% 39% 39% 39'/, 39'/. 52 52 52 52 52 35 34 41 2-3 10 35 40% 41 2-3 10 35 46% 41 2-3 10 35 53'/, 41 2-3 <0 35 59'/2 41 .2-3 10 504 505 . 506 507 508 509 510 511 ,512 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400 1975 2625 3300 3950 4600 5275 5950 6625 7300 28*24% 28x33% 28x41% 28*49% 28*58% 28*66% 28x663/8 28*66% 28*66% 4;82 6.45 8.07 9.70 11.32 12.96 12.96 12.96 12.96 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 45'/, 45% 45'/, 45% 45% 45% 45'/, 45'/, 45'/, 64'/2 64% 64'/j 64% 64% 64'/ 64'/, 64'/ 64'/ 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 43V, 52 60/, 68% 77% 85% 93'/, 102'/, noy, 51 2-5 51 2-5 51 2-5 5I` 2-5 51 2-5 51 2-5 51 2-5 51 2-5 51 2-5 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 405 . 2400 3975 40x33'/, 9.55 81 59'/, 72'/. 55 52 58 2-5 21 406 3000 4950 40x41% 11.52 81 59% 72% 55 60% 58 2-5 21 407 3600 5925 40x49% 13.85 81 59% 72% 55 68% 58 2-5 21 408 4200 409 4600 6925 . 40x58% 7925 40x663/8 16.18 18.50 81 81 59'/, 72'/, 55 59'/, 22'/ 55 77'/, 58 2-5 21 85*/ 58 2-5 . 21 410 5400 8900 40x75 20.82 81 - 59% 72% 55 93% 58 2-5 21 411 6000 9900 40x833% 23.13 81 59% 72% 55 102% 58 3-5 21 412 6600 10900 40x91% 25.50 81 59'/, 72% 55 110% - 58 3-5 21 413 7200 11675 40x91 J/4 25.50 81 414 7600 12875 40*913/4 25.50 81 415 8400 13850 40*913/4 25.50 81 59% 72% 55 119 58 3-5 21 59% 72'/ 55 127% 58 3-5 21 59% 22'/ 55 135% 58 3-5 21 416 9000 14850 40x9134 25.50 81 59'/, 72'/i 55 144% 58 3-5 21 X Bridgewall sections are furnished for shortening grates, if desired, and are recommended for boilers above nine sections. They are regularly shipped with boilers larger than 509 and 412 to reduce grate to length in table of dimensions. ' f These boilers can also be furnished with Header Connections-, and in both Up-Draft and Down Draft Smokeless types. " * Monarch boilers are built in conformity with the Boiler Code of the American Society of Meckanical Engineers; and ratings as given are conservatively made in accordance with the Standard Formula of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, are derived from careful and exhaustive tests which proved their safety,'and are based on a standard of 2 lb. pressure maintained at the boiler for steam and 180 deg. for hot water. ' 219 Boilers and Heating Specialties Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. 41 E. 42nd St. NEW YORK CITY Factories: Eastwood, Syracuse and Oswego.'N. Y.; Huntingdon, Pa.; Zanesville, O. Branch Offices: New York, Brooklyn, Syracuse, Newark, Worcester, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit. New London, Pittsburgh Cast iron water boilers 100 to 14,950 sq. ft. capacity. Cast iron steam boilers 325 to 9,000 sq. ft. capacity. Firebox heating boilers, capacity steam radiation 2,500 to 25,000 sq. ft.; capacity water radiation 4,000 to 40,000 sq. ft. Radiators--all types. . The Pierce-American Boiler A 30-year record of proved successful performance Sizes and Dimensions No* Sec tions Length BOILER AND HEADERS Width Height Height Water Line on S. B. No. and Size. Out lets No. and Size. Re turns Smoke Pipe Dis. Size of Flue Chimney Height CAPACITY SQ. FT. Steam Water Boilers Boilers 214 215 216 217 265 266 267 268 325 326 327 328 329 405 406 407 408 409 4010 466 467 468 469 4610 4611 4612 4613 4 47 5 55 6 63 7 71 5 55 6 . 63 7 71 8 79 5 55 6 63 7 71 6 79 9 87 5 55 6 63 7 71 8 79 9 87 10 95 6 68 7 76 8 84 9 92 10 100 II 108 12 116 13 124 45 45 45 45 51 51 51 51 59'/4 59'/, 59% 591/4 <*>/, 66% 66% 66% 66*A wk 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 56V, 56'/, 56*/a 58 641/2 64% 64'/a 64Vi 67 67 67 67 67 69V. 69% 69% 69% 69% ' 69V. 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 40% 40% 40% 40V. 47% 47% 47% 47V, 49 49 49 49 49 51 . 51 51 51 51 51 551/4 555/4 555/4 555/4 555/4 55>/. 553/4 55!/, 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 9V, 9Vi 9% 9VS 1l>/4 U% 11% M>/. 14 14 14 14 14 15V. 15V. 15V. 15V. 15V, 15/. 19V, 19V. I9>/. 19V. 19'/. 193/, 19'/. 19% 8x12 8x12 12x12 12x12 12x12 12x12 12x16 12x16 12x16 12x16 16x16 16x16 16x!6 12x16 16x16 16x16 16x20 20x20 20x20 20x20 20x20 20x20 20x20 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 35 ft. 35 ft. 40 ft. 40 ft 40 ft. 40 ft. 50 ft. 50 ft. 40 ft 40 ft. 40 ft. 50 ft. 50 ft. 40 ft 40 ft 50 ft. 50 ft 50 ft. 50 ft. 50 ft 50 ft. 60 ft. 60 ft 60 ft. 60 ft. 70 ft 70 ft 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,100 1,400 1,700 2,000 1,400 1,750 2,100 2,450 2,800 1,900 2.400 2,900 3,400 3,900 4,400 3,750 4,500 5,250 6,000 6,750 7,500 8,250 9,000 1,000 1,325 1,650 2,000 1,625 2,325 2,825 3,325 2,325 2,900 3,475 4,050 4,625 3,150 3,975 4,800 5,625 6,450 7,275 6,200 7,450 8,700 9,950 11,200 12,450 13,700 14,950 Steam boilers are designated by the letter "S" before the number, as S-214. S-215. etc. Water boilers are designated by the letter,"W," as W-214, W-215, etc. _ All measurements are in inches, except where otherwise noted. Special sizes or location of tappings can be furnished at prices shown in discount sheet. Blank grates sections for brick fire wall to reduce size of grate will be supplied without extra charge with boiler if so ordered. . 220 ' Boilen Cutaway View Showing Three Way Fire Travel of Up-Draft Smokeless Economic Type Boiler. Side Feed Number No. Sections Total Length. End to End In. Total Width Over Header In. Grate Area Sq. Ft. Row In. Return In. Rating List Price Complete Cipher Chimney Sizes EC-106 EC-107 EC-108 EC-110 EC-Ill EC-112 6 7 8 10 II 12 67 74 81 95 102 109 50 8.19 2-4 2-4 1750 $630.00 Ecbatic 12x16" 50 9.54 3-4 3-4 2250 740.00 Eccentric 16x16" 50 10.20 3-4 3-4 2750 845.00 Echelon 16*16" 50 13.12 4-4 4-4 3250 960.00 Echo 16x16" 50 14.58 4-4 4-4 3650 1070.00 Ectozoa 16x20" 50 16.60 4-4 4-4 - 4200 1190.00 Eclipse 16x20" Height to top of header. Water line........................... 221 70 in. 50 in. Frank Prox Company PROX-"BC" Series Up-Draft Smokeless Boiler Patent Pending Boilers Boilers Richardson & Boynton Company ' 260 Fifth Avenue New York City BRANCHES Boston 60 High Street Chicago 171-173 West Lake Street Providence 429 Industrial Trust Building . Philadelphia 1308 Arch Street Rochester Rockwood Street Richardson Round Boiler Richardson Sectional Boiler Up-Draft Smokelew Series No. AC-207 AC-208 AC-209 AC-210 AC-211 AC-212 AC-213 BC-210 BC-211 BC-212 BC-213 BC-214 BC-215 BC-216 BC-217 BC-218 BC-219 BC-220 BC-221 BC-222 BC-223 BC-224 BC-225 Length In. 78 85 92 99 106 113 120 108 115 122 129 136 143 150 157 164 171 178 165 192 199 206 213 Sj.F.. Crate Surface 15.9 16.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 25.4 25.4 25.4 28.6 28.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 35.0 35.0 38.1 38.1 Flows In. Returns In. Rating List Price Complete 2-5 4-4 2-5 4-4 2-5 4-4 3-5 4-4 3-5 4-4 3-5 4-4 3-5 4-4 1-8 4-4 1-8 4-4 1-8 4-4 1-8 4-4 2-8 4-4 2-8 4-4 2-8 . 4-4 2-8 4-4 2-8 4-4 2-8 4-4 2-8 4-4 2-10 4-4 2-10 4-4 2-10 4-4 2-10 4-4 2-10 4-4 4750 5275 5800 6650 7325 7800 8350 8800 9600 10.400 11.425 12,000 12,800 13,600 14,400 15,200 16,000 16,800 18,000 . 19,200 20,400 21,600 22,800 $1350.00 1448.00 1582.00 1674.00 (858.00 1980.00 2063.00 2166.00 2366.00 2473.00 2678.00 2920.00 3120.00 3320.00 3520.00 3710.00 3900.00 4100.00 4345.00 4605.00 4865.00 5125.00 5385.00 Cipher Maga Roew Rojop Roked Rollo Rotar Robust Chimney Sizes. Round or Square 20x60" 20x60" 24x60" 24x65" 24x70" 24x70" 24x70" 24x80" 24x80" 28x70" 28x70" 28x80" 32x70" 32x70" 32x70" 32x80" 32x80" 32x80" 32x85" 32x85" 32x85" 32x95" 32x95" Height to top of header................................................................................................................................. Water line----- ................... Size of smoke pipe.--........................................................................................................................................ Height to center of smoke pipe................................. ;................................................................................ Total width over headers.................................................................... Asbestos covering. A Series 72 in. 50 in. 18 in. 50 in. 93 in. 222 B Series 80 in. 55 in. 24 in. 55 in.' 93 in.. ` Round List Prices and Data Sectional No. Inlet Outlets an inches Crate Art Sq. Ft. Ashpit, Inside, Inches ~Co VN J3 F3 z w c fl w> 5 F-S 5^ .2 S 06 j Q- a. < a to '5 CO jU. jU. c*o* c&n zd Bo lZ.. Ocn UE CL <J\ Lj'q. c3t <> < 0. - 113 "5. > F cS ee V . % Z CO 06 4- 06 ^ LU. LtL o m Sx I <25 0O e O-S on Zi75 U| M i31 o ut 161 162 250 400 16 1.40 2.2 275 425 16 1.40 2.2 $142.00 $124.00 162.00 136.00 255 1000 1600 4.57 27*4*35*4 2-3'/? $415.00 $377.00 256 757 1250 1500 2000 2400 5.70 6.83 27*4x42 /4 27*4x50 22--33V*4? 495.00 564.00 457.00 526.00 190 300 500 19 1.97 2.2*4 170.00 139.00 758 1700 2600 7.97 27'/,,57>4 2-3*4 629.00 591.00 191 192 350 575 19 1.97 160.00 375 625 19 1.97 U'/2 210.00 355 1950 3125 7.85 39 33% 2-4 356 2400 3850 9.81 39 x41'4 2-4 357 2850 4575 11.75 39 x50 3-4 679.00 805.00 932.00 630.00 757.00 883.00 221 450 750 22 2.64 2.2*4 233.00 192.00 358 3300 5300 13.70 39 *58% 3-4 1,035.00 978.00 222 223 500 025 22 2.64 2.2V2 248.00 212.00 550 900 22 2.64 2.2'h 264.00 230.00 359 3750 6025 15.65 39 *66*4 3-4 427 3500 5600 13.82 45 x50 2-5 428 4050 6500 16.11 45 *58% 2-5 1.139.00 1.081.00 1.083.00 1,026.00 1,190.00 1,133.03 251 625 1025 25 3.41 2.3 290.00 242.00 429 4600 7400 18.40 45 *66% 2-5 1,323.00 1.248.00 252 675 1100 25 3.41 2 253 725 1200 25 3.41 2.3 310.00 340.00 258.00 290.00 4210 4211 536 5150 8300 20.69 45 *74*4 3-5 5700 9200 22.98 45 3-5 6300 10000 18.94 55 x55 2-6 1,432.00 1,357.00 1,547.00 1,466.00 1,786.00 1,719.00 281 875 1350 28 4.28 2.3>/2 354.00 300.00 537 7300 11600 22.68 55 65>/ 2-6 282 283 950 1550 1025 1675 28 28 4.28 2-3Vl 4.28 2-y/i 386.00 42b.UU 328.00 370.00 538 8300 13200 26.40 55 *76'/, 3-6 539 9300 14BOO 30.12 55 3-6 5310 10300 16400 33.88 55 x98 3-6 2,010.00 1,938.00 2.243.00 2.151.00 2.464.00 2.369.00 2,707.00 2,588.00 223 Boilers Richmond Radiator Company 1480 Broadway, Xew York 217 E. Illinois St., Chicago, 111. Boilers and Radiators The H. B. Smith Company Works: Westfield, Mass. Westfield, Mass. 57 Main Street New York: 10 E. 39th Street Boston : 640 Main Street, Cambridge Philadelphia: 17th and Arch Streets Manufacturers of Boilers and Radiators for Steam and Water Heating " RICH MOND"Sectional Boiler Made in sizes: 1200 to 5000 sq. ft. for Steam; 2000 to 8225 sq. ft. for Hot Water. "MODEL" Sectional Boiler Made in sizes: 350 to 5850 sq. ft. for Steam; 575 to 9850 sq. ft. for Hot Water. No. GO Smith Boiler--Front Richmond Heavy Duly Boiler Made in sizes: 4800 to 12000 sq. ft. for Steam; 7925 to 19000 sq. ft. for Hot Water. "RICHMOND" Round Boiler Made in sizes: 330 to 1350 sq. ft. for Steam; 545 to 2275 sq. ft. for Hot Water. Catalogs-of Boilers and Radiators Upon Request 224 No. GO Smith Boiler--Back 225 The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators Smith Boiler With Smokeless Furnace No. Nominal Size Total Length Inches Length at or Foun in Boiler Widthj Length Boiler. Inches dation. Inches Steam Rating, Feet Water Rating. Feet 10 27 11 27 11 27 12 27 12 27 13 27 13 27 14 27 IS 27 16 27 11 36 12 36 12 36 13 36 13 36 14 36 14 36 15 36 16 36 17 36 18 36 12 60 13 60 13 60 14 60 14 60 15 60 15 60 16 60 17 60 18 60 19 60 20 60 No. 27 30 77 30 83 36 83 36 89 42 89 42 95 48 95 48 101 S4 107 60 113 62 1,500 2,475 68 1,650 2,725 68 1,800 2,975 74 1,950 3,225 74 2,100 3,475 80 2,250 3,725 80 2,400 3,950 86 2,550 4,200 92 2,725 4,500 98 2,900 4,775 No. 36 36 87 68 2,750 4,550 36 93 74 3,000 4,950 42 93 74 3,250 5,375 42 99 80 3,500 5,775 48 99 80 3,750 6,200 48 105 86 4,000 6,600 54 105 86 4,250 7,000 54 111 92 4,500 7,425 60 117 98 4.800 7,925 66 123 104 5,100 8,425 72 129 no 5,400 8,900 No. 60 36 no 73 6,600 10,900 36 116 79 7,200 11,900 42 116 79 7,800 12,850 42 122 85' 8,400 13,850 48 122 85 9,000 14,650 48 128 9L 9,600 15,850 54 128 91 10,200 16,850 54 134 97 10,800 17,800 60 140 103 12,000 19,800 66 146 109 -13,200 21,800 72 152 115 14,400 23,750 78 158 121 15,600 25,750 Additional Data Applying to Boilers Both With and Without Smokeless Furnace Width at foundation................. Width of boiler, steam............. Height of boiler........................ Height of water line............... Oval smoke pipe equivalent to. 27 35" 56" 59" 80" 57" 13V,' round 36 w/c 72" 76" 83" 59' 17" round 60 72" 98" 98" 87" 66" 23" round Tappings Supply Drum* Outside diameter....................-........................... 12 in. Tapped for 2-in. lock-nut nipples. Front end tapped 2 in. Rear end tapped one 4 in. and one 2 in. Smith Boiler Without Smokeless Furnace No. of Sec tions in Boiler Nominal Size of Fire Pot, Inches Total Length Length at of Foun Boiler, dation. Width Length Inches Inches Steam Rating, Feet Water Rating. Feet 5 27 6 27 7 27 8 27 9 27 10 27 11 27 12 27 12 27 13 27 13 27 14 27 14 27 7 36 8 36 9 36 10 36 11 36 12 36 12 36 13 36 13 36 14 36 14 36 15 36 15 36 16 36 16 36 8 60 9 60 10 60 N 60 12 60 13 60 14 60 15 60 16 60 17 60 17 60 18 60 18 60 No. 27 24 47 30 53 36 59 42 65 48 71 54 77 60 83 60 89 66 89 66 95 72 95 66 101 78 . 101 32 38 44 50 56 62 68 74 74 80 80 86 86 No. 36 36 63 44 42 69 50 48 75 56 54 81 62 60 87 68 60 93 74 66 93 74 66 99 80 72 99 80 66 105 86 78 105 86 72 III 92 84 III - 92 72 117 98 90 117 98 No. 60 36 86 49 42 92 55 48 98 61 54 104 67 60 NO 73 66 116 79 72 122 85 78 128 91 84 134 97 78 140 103 90 140 103 84 146 109 96 146 109 1,200 1,500 1.800 2,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 3,300 3,300 3,600 3,600 3,900 3,900 1,975 2,475 2,975 3,475 3,950 4,450 4,950 5,450 5,450 5,950 5,950 6,425 6,425 2.300 2,800 3,300 3,800 4,300 4,600 4,800 5,300 5,300 5.800 5,800 6,300 6,300 6,800 6,800 3,800 4,625 5,450 6,275 7,100 7,925 7,925 8,750 8,750 9,575 9,575 10,400 10,400 11,225 11,225 6,000 7,200 8.400 9,600 10,800 12,000 13,200 14,400 15,600 16,800 16,800 18,000 18.000 9,900 11,900 13,850 15,850 17,800 19,800 21,800 23,750 25.750 27,700 27,700 29,700 29,700 Note.--For additional data pertaining to these boilers, see table at bottom of opposite column. Return Drums* Steam Boilers Outside diameter.TM............................................. 8 in. Tapped for 2-in. lock-nut nipples. Front ends tapped......................... -...............2^ in. Rear ends tapped.......................................... ..5 in. Undersides tapped......................................... in. Fire Tools Furnished Poker, hoe. slice bar. flue brush with handle and ash shovel. Trimmings Furnished with Steam Boilers Water column, gage cocks, water gage cocks, water gage glass, steam gage (with cock), steam gage siphon. Damper regulator complete with chain. When boiler is to be used for water warming, specify on order the size of supply and return pipe tappings. Tappings other than those listed are special. Order must specify size. 226 r The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators Mills Water Tube Steam and Water Boilers Sectional cast iron boilers which are moderate in first cost, low maintenance and extremely economical in fuel. Sectional view shows large combustion chamber and vertical waterways of small area. The latter absorb the heat quickly, circulate the water rapidly and make dry steam. May be fired with anthracite coal, wood, coke or fuel gas. -` Size of Boiler No. 24 No. 34 No. 44 No. 48 No. 44 Mills Steam Boiler Nominal width Fire Pot Commercial Rating--Capacity in Sq. Ft. Steam Water . 24" 900 to 2,025 1,500 to 3,350 34" 2,000 to 5,200 3,300 to 8,575 44" 3.600 to 9,000 5,950 to 14,850 48" 4 800 to 12,000 7.925 to 19.800 No. 4t Mills Boiler--Interior Max. Allowable Working Presser Steam Water (Open Tank) Water (Closed Tank) 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 30 lbs. 30 lbs. 30 ibs. 60 lbs. 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 30 lbs. H-B Steam and Water Boilers H-B Boilers have three waterways be tween sections. They are the only boilers in which ascending and descending cur rents of water are circulated through separate connec tions, giving a steady water line and rapid circulation without back pressure. 17 Hy-Test Boiler Kor Hot Water Supply A. S. M. E. Standard Maximum allowable working pressure, 120 lbs. Open Tank; 80 lbs. Closed Tank. Commercial Ratings 9 Diam. Rr of Fire Pot ' Inches Steam Rating Feet Water Rating Feet wL is 250 425 to to 99 27 1,000 1,650 227 The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators Princess Direct Radiators For sanitary reasons, radiators with wide spacing should be demanded.. If ordinary radiators are not sanitary enough for hospitals, they are not sani tary for the home. To meet hospital specifications some manufacturers make special radiators with wide spacing and charge an increased price. Princess Radiators are the standard radiators of The H. B. Smith Co. and are sold at regular list prices. ' Princess Wall Radiators Suited for all places where direct radiators or pipe`coils cannot be used. Espe cially desirable in locations where floor space is valuable and where wall, column or ceiling space is more avaifable. They possess extreme flexibility of size and arrange ment. Made in two heights, 15 and 22 ins. Can be furnished with heating surfaces from 5 sq. ft. up, in multiples of 2J^ sq. ft. Corresponding lengths in 22 in. radiator are from 9 in. up, in multiples of 4 in. (1 in. allowed in over all length for plugs and bushings). In the 15 in. radiator, corresponding lengths are from 13 in. up, in multiples of 6 in. By combinations of the two heights, these radiators can be arranged in tiers, either for horizontal runs or (or column work. Hung horizontally, they make excellent ceiling radiators. 228 Boilers Standard Heater Company Williamsport, Pa. NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA BOSTON BALTIMORE DETROIT CHICAGO DENVER DULUTH Builders of Spencer Heaters BUFFALO SPENCER HEATERS Give uniform heat over long periods and use small size hard coal with least attention to the fire. The magazine-feed feature is built into the heater and reQuires no adjust ment. The magazine holds a supply of coal sufficient for 8 to 12 hours in severe weather or for a proportionately longer period in milder weather. Spencer Heaters are economical and efficient. Due to the magazine-feedfeatureof the Spencer Heater it is impracticable to obtain a firing period of less than 8 hours. Therefore ratings of Spencer Heaters are based upon an evaporation of 8 lbs. of water per lb. of coal burned, the rated evaporation having been obtained in actual test made in accordance with the A. S. H. & V. E. code for testing low' pressure boilers, using fresh mined No. 1 Buckwheat coal as fuel. 60 Series. Spencer Tubular Heater 100 Series. Spencer Tubular Healer SPENCER TUBULAR STEAM HEATERS Heater Number Rating Sq.Ft. Radia tion Fire Surface Sq. Ft. Heating Surface Sq. Ft. Tapping Flow Tapping Return. Overall Length In*. Overall Width Ins. Water Line Ins. 15 2,000 12.00 232 2-4' 2-3' 71 60 56 17 2,500 13.50 309 2-4' 2-3' 77 60 56 19 3,000 15.00 337 2-4' 2-3' 83 60 56 20 3.500 16.50 365 2-4' 2-3' 89 60 56 21 4,000 18.00 393 2t4'- 2-3' 95 60 56 - 3-45 S 3-50 O 3-50 K 3-70 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 7,000 18.05 20.24 22.56 24.83 27.00 389 429 468 506 547 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 1-4' 107% 1-4' 114 1-4' i2oy. 1-4' I26'/2 1-4' I32>/, 81 81 81 81 81 59 59 59 59 59 _ 3-80 .2 3-90 8,000 30.35 9,000 34.70 560 621 1-8' 1-8' 1-4' 1-4' 1I007My/2. 119/, 66 66 s 3-105 10,500 39.05 683 1-8' 1-4' 114 \\Wl 66 " 3-120 12,000 43.40 745 1-8' 1-4' i2oy. ns% 66 3-140 14,000 47.75 807 1-8' 1-4' 1261/2 118% 66 3-I6C 16,000 52.10 869 1-8" 1-4' 132% 119/2 66 Draft to Develop Rating Ins. H20 Size Chimney Flue .23 16'xl6'x50' .24 I6'xl6'x55' .25 I6'xl6'x60' .26 16'x16'x65' .27 I6'xl6'x65' .24 18'x18'x50' .25 I8'xl8'x55' .26 I8'xl8'x60' .27 18'xl8'x65' .28 I8'xl8'x70' .27 ' .23 .29 .30 .32 .34 20'x20'x65' 20'x20'x65' 22'x22'x65' 24'x24'x7(T 24'x24'x70' 24'x24'x70' Heaters No. 3-45 to 3-160 are furnished with steel jackets and also pipe header. Heaters No. 15-21 are furnished with steel jackets only. 229 in. Rockwool asbestos covering, Standard Heater Company Boilers SPENCER HEATERS are adaptable for residences, apartment houses, churches, schools, public and commercial buildings, theatres, green houses, garages and all other types of buildings heated by low pressure steam, vapor, or hot water. For over 25 years SPENCER HEATERS have been tried and tested under the most severe climatic conditions. There are thousands of successful installations throughout the entire country. , Write for illustrated catalog containing complete information. 15' Series. Spencer Sectional Heater No. Series. Spencer Sectional Healer SPENCER SECTIONAL STEAM HEATERS Heater Number Rating Sq. Ft. Fire Surface Radiation Sq. Ft. Tapping Tapping Flow Return Overall Length Ins. Overall width Ins. Water Line Ins. Draft to Develop Rating Ins. H2O Size Chimney Flue 1S4-S 155-S 156-S 157--S 158-S 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-6 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 375 500 625 750 900 1,000 1,300 1,600 2,000 2,400 2,800 3,200 3,600 154-W 155-W 156-W 157-W 158-W 274-W 275-W 276-W 277-W 278-W 306-W 307-W 308-W 309-W 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 2,100 2,600 3,100 3,600 2,750 3,300 3,850 4,400 2.29 3.02 3.78 4.54 5.30 4.51 5.64 6.77 7.90 9.03 10.16 11.28 12.40 1-4* 1-4* M* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4T 2-4* 2-3* 2-3* 2-3* 4-3* 4-3* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 33 39'/, 47 54 62 63J/, 70 76'/, 82'/, 88% 95 101'/, 107%, 33/z 33'/z <A33'/z 33 33V, 57% 57% 57V 57% 57y8 57% 57% 57% 49 49' 49 49. 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 SPENCER SECTIONAL WATER HEATERS 2.29 3.02 3.78 4.54 5.30 4.38 5.84 7.31 8.78 10.29 8.65 10.40 12.10 13.85 1-4* M* 1-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* 2-3* 2-3* 2-3* 4-3* 4-3* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-4* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* . 33 3,/2 54 62 41'/, 49'/2 58 66 74 56 64 73 81 33'A 33'/ 33'/ 33'A 33>/ 55'/z 55'/; 55% m 55% 64 64 64 64 .16 .16 .17 .18 .20 .15 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .21 .22 .19 .20 .20 .22 .23 .19 .20 .22 . .24 00si O'^ 8*x 8*x30* 8*r 8**30* I0*x10*x35* 10**10**35* 10**10**40* 10**10**30* 10**10**35* 12**12**35* 12**12**35* 12**12**35* 12**12**40* 12**12**40* I2'i12*x45* 8** 8**30* 8** 8**30* 10**10**35' I0*xl0*x35* 10**10**40* 10**10**35' 10**10**40' 12*xl2rx35* I2'xl2*x40* 12**12**40* 12'*12'*35* 12f*12**35* 12**12**40* I2*xl2*x40* 230 Boilers CHICAGO 341 N. Clark St. Thatcher Furnace Co. 131-133-135 W. 35th St. New York NEWARK 39-41 St. Francis St. "THATCHER" HOT WATER BOILER Boilers, Ranges, Furnaces, Hot Water Supply and Garage Heaters 4 " The "Thatcher" Round Boiler has water ports on each side which tend greatly to increase the rapidity with which water circu lates; the efficient staggered fire travel between each sec tion from the body to the dome and the interior of the body has drop tubes. The fire box is IK in. deeper than the accepted standard. Three ports extending into firepot increase heating efficiency. Twenty-foot triang ular revolving grates, are very ef ficient, and most easily operated. The base is high with ample space " Thatcher " Round Boiler under grates. "THATCHER" ROUND BOILER MEASUREMENTS--STEAM BOILERS No. Rating Sq. Ft. Actual Diameter Crate. In. Crate Area Sq. Ft. 17-0-W 17-1-W 19-0-W 19-1-W 19-2-W 22-0-W 22-l-W 22-2-W 2S-0-W 25-1-W 25-2-W 28-0-W 28-1-W 28-2-W 400 450 500 575 650 750 875 950 1000 1150 122S 1325 1500 1650 17 1.26 17 1.26 19 1.76 19 1.76 19 1.76 22 2.40 22 2.40 22 2.40 25 3.14 25 3.14 25 3.14 28 4.12 28 4.12 28 4.12 "THATCHER" STEAM BOILER No. 17-0-S 17-i-S 19-0-S 19--1--S 19--2-S 22-O-S 22--1--S 22-2-S 25-0-S 25-l-S 25-2-S 28-0-S 28-1-S 28-2-S Actual Rating Diameter Sq.Ft. Grate, In. Crate Area Sq. Ft. 235 17 1.26 275 17 1.26 300 19 1.76 350 19 1.76 400 19 1.76 450 22 2.40 525 22 2.40 575 22 2.40 600 25 3.14 675 25 3.14 750 25 3.14 800 28 4.12 900 28 4.12 1000 28 4.12 Height Water Line in. . 38 42'/, 40 44'/, 49 42% 47 5iy, 42/. 47% 52% 43Vt %> 54 No. A B C D E F G H J K in. in. in. in. in. 17-0-S 2-2% 17-I-S 2-2'4 19-0-S 2-3 19-1-S 2-3 J9-2-S 2-3 22-0-S 2-3 22-l-S 2-3 22-2-S 2-3 25-O-S 2-4 25--1--S 2-4 25-2-S 2-4 28-O-S 2-4 28--1--S 2-4 28-2-S 2-4 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 15'4 15'/4 18% 18% 18% 21% 21% 21% 22 22 22 25 25 25 0 4'/2 0 4'/, 9 0 4% 9% 0 5 to 0 5% 10% 36 40'/, 40 44V, 49 42V, 47 51% 42*4 47% 62% 4354 48'/, 54 41V, 46V2 46% 51V, 39% 49% 54V, 59 50V, 55V, 60V. 51V, 561/, 61V, 2-2'/, 2-2'/, 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 21 21 24V, 24>4 241/, 28% 28% 28*4 31 31. 31 i5V, 33'A 35'/j 49'/2 34`/2 56 60'/j 65 60 64% 69% 61'/, 66% 62V, 67V, 72V, H/, 14'/ 14V, II/; 14'/, 15 15 15 IS'/, 5/ 15% 16 16 16 !4'/2 !4'/2 14V, 14V, 14V, 14'/, I4>4 j}'/ |4'4 !4'/2 |4'/2 15 15 15 11 % n\w%* ny* 113/, 12 12 12 11 Vi 1111V3/,i 12 12 12 23 23 27 27 27 30'/2 30'/; 30% 33'/; 33% 33% 37 37 37 "THATCHER' ROUND BOILER -WATER BOILERS No. A B C D F C H 1 j K L M f7-0-W 2-2% 6 17-1-W 2-2% 6 19-0-W 2-3 7 19-l-W 2-3 7 19-2-W 2-3 7 22-0-W 2-3 8 22-l-W 2-3 8 22-2-W 2-3 8 25-O-W 2-4 9 25-1-W 2-4 9 25-2-W 2-4 9 28-0-W 2-4 9 28-1-W 2-4 9 28-2-W 2-4 9 in. in. in. in. in. in. 15% 0 37'A 2-2'/, 21. 14'/, ii'/, 23 16% 4% 42% 2-2'/, 21 49'/ 14'/, 14'/ II'A 23 18% 0 42% 2-3 24'/, 51% 14V, 14V, 11% 27 18% 4% 47 2-3 24'/, 56% 14'/ 14% 11% 27 18% 9 51V, 2-3 24V, 60% I4>/ 14V, 11% 27 - 21% 0 44% 2-3 28% 55 15 14'A 12 30!/ 21% 4% 49% 2-3 21% 9% 64 2-3 22 0 44% 2-4 28V, 59V, 15 14'/ 12 30% 28% 64% 15 14'A 12 30'/, 31 53% 15'/, 14'/, I Vi 33% 22 5 49% 2-4 31 60% 15V, 14'/ UV4 33% 22 10 54% 2-4 31 66% 15V, 14'A 11% 33% 25 0 45% 2-4 35V, 66V4 16 15 12 37 25 25 5% 50V, 2-4 10'/. 66% 2-4 35V, 6iv, 16 35'/, 67 16 15 15 12 12 37 37 231 TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW For Dimensions--Round Boiler Thatcher Furnace Co Boilers "PROGRESS'* BOILER MEASURE MENTS 40 in. Series: A, 64 in.; B. 64 in.; C. 42 in.; D,55in.; E. 35 in.; F. 60 in.; H. 19^ in.; J, 16 in.; K, 11 in.; S. 7K in.; T. 18 in.; V. 10M in.;Z,.l6X " Thatcher " Progress Boiler No. 640 740 840 940 1040 1140 1240 1340 1440 L.......... 65'/. 73 M........ 37'/. 45 SB80>/. 52*/. 94'/. 102'/. 109'/. 66% 74 81'/. 124'/. 95% P........... 43% 50% 58 65V. 72% 79'/. 87 94% 101% 28 in. Series: A. 46 in.; B. 55 in.; C. 30 in.; D. 48 in.; E. 35 in. F. 42 in.; H, 19M in.; J. 16 in.; K. U in.; S. in.; No. 528 628 728 828 928 1028 L.. 54% M. 30% P.. 36% 61% 373/, 43% 69 45 50% 76% 52% 58 83% 59% 65% 90% 66% 72% 28 in. AND 40 in. TWIN SERIES A11 measurements for 28 in. and 40 in. Twin Boilers are the same as above except height of smoke pipe which is on the back of boiler. The length can be determined by adding 7)^ in. for each section added. For example: a No. 2040 T. S. Boiler is twice the length of a 1040 as noted above, plus in. for dividing wait - "PROGRESS" BOILER--DIMENSIONS AND CAPACITIES STEAM BOILER STEAM AND HOT WATER HOT WATER BOILER No. 528-S 628-S 728-S . 828-S 928-S 1028-S 640-S 740-S 840-S 940-S 1040-S 1140--S 1240-S 1340-S 1440-S II28T-S 1228T-S I328T-S I428T-S I528T-S I628T-S 1728 T-S I828T-S 1928 T-S . 1540T-S 1640T-S 1740T-S 1840 T-S 1940 T-S 2040 T-S 2140T-S 2240 T-S 2340 T-S 2440T-S 2540T-S 2640 T-S 2740T-S 2840 T-S 2940T-S Rating 1150 1550 2000 2450 2900 3350 2600 3200 3800 4500 5200 5900 6700 7500 8300 3100 3550 4000 4450 4900 5350 5800 6400 7000 7600 8300 9000 9700 10400 moo 11800 12600 13400 14200 15000 15800 16600 17300 16000 Length Inches Less Trim 36% 43% 50% 58 65% 72% 43% 50% 58 65% 72% 79>/4 87 94% 101% 87 94% 101% 108% 116 123% 130% 137% 145% 116 123% 130% 137% 143 152% 159% 166% 174 181%. . 188% 195%-" 203 210% 217% Grate Area Sq- Ft. Flow and Re turns. 2 Each 5.98 .7.32 8.80 10.22 11.62 13.02 10.35 12.57 14.58 16.53 18.61 20.62 22.63 24.03 26.66 14.02 15.50 16.91 18.32 19.73 21.14 22.55 23.96 25.37 28.19 30.21 32.23 34.24 36.25 38.26 40.27 42.28 44.30 46.31 48.33 50.35 52.36 54.37 56.39 . \ 4' 4* 4W 4" 4" 4' 35" 5' 4' 3' and 4' 4H and 232 No. Feed Doors No. 528-W 2 628-W 2 728-W 2 828-W 2 928-W 2 1028-W 2 640-W 2 740-W 2 840-W 2 940-W 2 1040-W 2 II40-W 4 1240-W 4 1340-W 4 1440-W 3 II28T-W 4 I228T-W 4 I328T-W 4 1428T-W 4 1528 T-W 4 1628 T-W 4 1728 T-W 4 1828 T-W 4 1928 T-W 4 1540 T-W 4 1640 T-W 4 1740 T-W 4 1840 T-W 4 1940 T-W 4 2040 T-W 5 2I40T-W 6 2240 T-W 7 2340 T-W 8 2440 T-W 8 2540 T-W 8 2640 T-W 6 2740 T-W 8 2840 T-W 8 2940 T-W Rating 1925 2600 3350 4100 4850 5650 4350 5275 6325 7500 8675 9850 11175 12500 13850 5125 5950 6700 7450 8200 8950 9700 10700 11700 12650 13800 16175 17350 18525 19700 21025 22350 23675 25000 26350 2770029050 30400 31750 F ir e d Boilers United jStates Radiator (orporation GENERAL OFFICES: DETROIT, MICHIGAN Branch Offices in Principal Cities Manufacturers of Capitol Boilers and United States Radiators Performance Curve for No. 411 Capitol Smokeless Boiler The performance curves shown illustrate the effi ciency of Capitol Smokeless Boilers. Attention is called to the high volatile coal used in these tests. Capitol Smokeless Boilers burn these coals without smoke and with great economy. Size 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 Rating Sq. Ft. Steam Water 400 Series Ratings and Dimensions Grate Area Sq. Ft. Steam Boiler Dimensions Minimum Chimney Sizes Coal Capacity `Outlets Cu. Ft. Height Water Line Inches Height Inches Including Trimmings Width Inches Diameter Height Including Inches Feet Trimmings 3300 3850 4400 4950 5500 6050 6600 5280 6160 7040 7920 8800 9680 10,560 8.15 8.15 10.31 12.47 12.47 14.63 14.63 9.00 10.40 13.30 14.70 16.30 17.70 19.25 2-5" 2-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 49 71 49 71 49. -71 49 71 49 - 71 49 71 49 71 75 18x18 50 75 18x18 -50 75 20x20 55 75 20x20 55 75 22x22 55 75 24x24 60 75 24x24 60 All 400 Series Boilers have two 6" inlets on rear of back section. For smoke pipe, base dimensions and other measurements see page 236. 233 . United Stales Radiator Corporation Boilers Performance Curve for No. 511 Capitol Smokeless Boiiei The Capitol Smokeless Boiler will burn any of the bituminous coals of the United States, including the lignites. of the far West--burn them smokelessly, and within the requirements of any smoke ordinance of any city of the United States. 500 Series Ratings and Dimensions Rating Sq. Ft. Steam Boiler Dimensions 'Minimum Chimney Sizes Size Steam Water Grate Area Sq. Ft. Coal Outlets Capacity and Height Cu. Ft. Inlets Water Line Inches Height Inches Including Trimmings Width Inches Diameter Height Including Inches Feet Trimmings 508 6275 10.000 11.58 18.87 3-5" 66 92 82 509 7150 11.400 14.62 23.73 4-5" 66 92 82 510 8025 13.000 17.66 25.80 4-5" 66 92 82 511 8900 14,250 17.66 28.59 4-5" 66 92 82 512 9775 15.650 18.49 29.58 5-5" 66 92 82 513 10,650 17.050 21.53 34.51 5-5" 66 92 82. 514 11.525 18.450 21.53 37.80 5-5" 66 92 82 515 12,400 19.850 24.57 41.09 6-5" 66 92 82 516 13.275 21.250 27.61 44.37 6-5" 66 92 82 For smoke pipe, base dimensions and other measurements, see page 236. 234 24x24 24x24 24x28 28x28 28x32 32x32 32x32 32x36 36x36 60 65 70 80 85 85 90 90 90 United States Radiator Corporation Boilers CAPITOL SQUARE SECTIONAL BOILERS Ratings and Dimensions Rating Sq. Ft. Steam Boiler Dimensions Minimum Size Steam Water Grate Area Sq. Ft. Coal Outlets Capacity and Height Cu. Ft. Inlets Water Line Inches Height Inches Including Trimmings Chimney Sizes Width Inches Including Diameter Height Inches Feet Trimmings 184 400 650 1.88 2.33 2-3" 40'/2 61'/2 363/4 8x8 35 185 550 910 2.63 3.17 2-3" 40'/2 6l'/2 363/4 8x12 35 186 700 1170 3.38 4.01 2-3" 40'/2 61'/2 363/4 8x12 35 187 850 1430 4.13 4.84 2-3" 40'/2 6l'/2 363/4 8x12 40 204 600 1000 2.59 4.36 2-3" 46'/2 205 800 1300 3.48 5.85 2-3" 46l/2 206 1000 1650 4.37 7.34 2-3" 46'/2 207 1200 2000 5.26 8.83 3-3" 46</2 66</2 66'/2 66/2 66>/2 45 45 45 45 8x12 8x12 8x12 8x12 35 35 35 40 255 IlOO 1825 5.66 8.37 2-4" 49 256 1350 2225 7.08 10.45 2-4" 49 257 1600 2650 8.50 12.53 3-4" 49 258 1850 3050 9.92 14.62 3-4" 49 70'/2 70/2 70/2 70'/2 51 51 51 51 8x12 8x12 12x12 12x12 40 40 40 45 G276 G277 G278 G279 1350 1650 1950 2250 2230 2720 3210 3700 5.32 6.55 7.78 9.01 7.93 9.65 11.37 13.09 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 45'/2 45i/2 45'/2 45>/2 68/2 68'/2 68/2 68'/2 503/4 503/4 503/4 503/4 12x12 12x12 12x12 12x12 40 40 45 45 235 236 237 - 238 239 240 1900 2350 2800 3250 3700 4150 3150 3900 4650 5450 6150 6900 7.28 9.11 10.94 12.77 14.61 16.44 11.01 13.75 16.49 19.22 21.96 24.70 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 55 55 55 . 55 55 55 78 78 78 78 78 78 581/4 581/4 581/4 58'/4 58% 58'/4 12x16 12x16 16x16 16x16 I6x !6 16x16 40 45. 45 50 50 60 WN276 WN277 WN278 WN279 WN280 WN281 WN282 WN283 WN284 4550 5475 6400 7325 8250 9175 10,100 11.025 11,950 7475 fl5.25 9000 . 18.29 10.525 21.33 12.050 34.37 13.575 27.41 15.100 30.45 16.625 30.45 18.100 30.45 19,600 30.45 24.66 29.67 34.68 39.69 44.71 45.96 47.21 48.46 49.72 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 . 92 92 92 92 92 92 . 92 92 92 82 82 82 . 82 82 82 82 82 82 .20x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x28 28x28 28x28 28x32 32x32 50 55 60 60 65 70 70 75 80 CAPITOL SEMI-SMOKELESS BOILERS SS237 2800 4650 10.94 16.49 3-4" 55 78 58% 16x16 45 . SS238 3250 5450 12.77 19.22 3-4" 55 78 38% 16x16 50 55239 3700 6150 14.61 21.96 3-4" 55 78 58% 16x16 55 55240 4150 6900 16.44 24.70 4-4" 55 78 58% 16x16 60 55241 4600 7600 18.27 27.44 4-4" 55 78 58% 16x20 60 SS277 SS278 SS279 SS280 SS28I SS282 SS283 SS284 5475 6400 7325 8250 9175 10.100 11,025 11.950 9000 10.525 12,050 13,575 15,100 16.625 18,100 19,600 18.29 21.33 24.37 24.37 27.41 27.41 30.45 30.45 29.67 34.68 39.69 39.69 42.20 44.71 47.22 49.72 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 66 92 66 92 66 92 66 92 66 - 92 66 92 66 - 92 66 92 82 24x24 55 82 24x24 60 82 24x24 60 82 24x28. - 65 82 28x28 70 82 28x28 70 82 .28x32 75 82 32x32 80 For smoke pipe, base dimensions and other measurements, see page 236. 235 United Slates Radiator Corporation Boilers Measurements, All Series Square Boilers, Including Smokeless ---------------- 8------------- [mret unt < 180 200 250 C270 / 230 ' \ SS230 WN270 ] SS270 400 500 A 25'/," 2gy," 34'/." B 281/," 32'/," 39)4" C 48" 54" 585/," D 40'/," 46'/," 49" E 25'/," 2996" 2394", F C 7y,"N'/," 9%"*I4'4" 9>4"*U'/2" *'H f 184- 6*4" I 1 185-12*4" 186-18*4" l 187-25" 207-25" . ( 257-32" \ 258-40" 204- 6J/4" 205-12*4" 206-IRY" 207-12*4" 255-16" 256-24" 257-16" 258-24" j 12" ii'/," ip/," tK 44'/," 50" 52A" 36" 43'/," 55'/." 45'/," 22'/," 4l>4" - 48*/2" 67" 55" 31" 8"*13" 9>/,"15'/," 278-33*4" 279-40*/2" |................... 1 575/." 715/." 771/." 66" 335/," 20'/," 10".17" 47" 57J/." 67" 7I>/," 60*4" 49" 775/," 66" 35" 38" 7*4" I0"*!7" f 410-48*4" ^ 413-64/" ) 1411-12-14-56*4" ) 20'/," 10".I7" 276-20*4" 277-27" 278-13*4" 279-20*4" 16" 1 Figure 8" 14" }........... 1 |f408-9-13-40*4" 1410-16*4" ) 411-14-24*4" 1412-32" J(22%" Top 1 Outlet I 15" Back 1 Outlet 19'/," [22*4" Top j Outlet 15" Back l Outlet 50" 59" 72" 341/," 72" tL 37" " 45A" . 31'/," 52" 58>/." 45'/," 58'/,". 5N 53'/." 46" 53'/," 0 10" 10" 12" 14" 14" 21" 18" 21" p 14'/." 16V," 17>/." 16" 19" 20'/, " 2oy," 0 184--20%"; 204-23/2"; 255-37%"; C276--36": 235 -- 36"; add 6%" add 6*4" add 8" for add 6%" add 8" for for each ad for each ad- each addi- for each ad each addi WN276 -- 408 -- 63*4": 49%" add add 8*4" for 9*4" for each additional 508--67%"; add 9*4" for each ad ditional tional sec- ditional ditional tional sec each addi section. ditional section. section. tion. section. tion. tional sec section.' tion. 184--20%"; 204--224": 255--36'/2"; 0276-35*4"; 235 -- 37": WN276 -- 408 -- 62*4": 508-68*4": add 6'/," add 6%" add 8" for add 6*4" add 8" for 50#" add add 6*4" for add 9*4" R for each ad for each ad each addi for each ad each addi W' for each additional for each ad ditional ditional tional sec ditional tional sec each addi section. section. section. tion. section. tion. tional sec ditional section. tion. s 14'/." 18" 17" 15'/," . 18" 19'/." 21" T 1494" 23'/," >394" Center of Fire Door above grate level. **On 414, fourth tapping is 72from first tapping. tDimensions K is for top outlet smokehood which can be furnished on all square boilers. Back openings must be connected across back of boiler with a pipe not less than 3 inches in diameter on WN270, SS270 and 500. 236 Boilers Utica Heater Company UTICA, New York 218-220 West Kin2ie St. Chjcaco. III. 707 Union Building Cleveland, O. 5620 Grand Central Term'l New York. N. Y. Representatives In Principal Jobbing Centers Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers Burn Soft Coal Smokelessly--Use Any Available Fuel Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boiler Cut-away View, Showing Primary and Secondary Combustion Chambers and Air Inlets SUPER-SMOKELESS BOILERS-- CONSTRUCTION-- Are designed to operate smokelessly when burning soft coal. They utilize any avail able fuel, burning either hard coal, soft coal, lignite, coke, fuel oil or gas with ex ceptional efficiency and decided economy. ELIMINATION OF SMOKE-- Is attained by consuming the smoke and soot within the boiler. This complete combustion is due to the admission of highly heated air through water-jacketed inlets, in the baffle wall at the rear of the fire box. The admixture of oxygen at this point instantly converts the heavy gases into incandescent flames of unusual heat ing capacity. The smoke and soot are actually used as fuel and clean chimney and flues are maintained at all times. SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers comply with the most rigid smoke ordinances and are recommended by foremost heating engineers and leading architects for impor tant buildings. SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers have a single grate and are of sectional cast iron construction. Cast iron is highly resistant to corrosion and preferable to steel where low pressure permits using it. The sectional construction permits easy handling in shipment as well as installation in com pleted buildings. The baffle wall is a specially designed water section of the boiler. It has a series of water-jacketed air inlets above the firebed and is protected on the side facing the fire by high-test plastic firebrick. OPERATION-- SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers are^ ex tremely simple to operate. No special skill or high priced help is required. Long firing periods are the rule and little care or attention is required for successful, smoke less operation. 237 Utica Heater Company Boilers Utica - Imperial SUPER - SMOKELESS Boilers Made in Thirty-one Sizes for Steam and Hot Water; Capacity 1,200 to 17,000 Sq. Ft. Steam; 1,975 to 28,325 Sq. Ft. Hot Water CAPACITIES AND DIMENSIONS OF UTICA-IMPERIAL SUPER-SMOKELESS BOILERS Steam Rating Boiler (Square Number Feet) Water Boiler Number Rating Crate (Square Area Feet) (Sq. Ft.) Size of Pit Under Ash Pit (Inches) Size of Foundation (Inches) Length of MinimumChimneySizes* Boiler Overall Flue < Inches) Height (Inches) .Square Round (Feet) S-245 1,200 W-245 S-246 1,500 W-246 S-247 1,800 W-247 S-248 2,100 W-248 S-249 2.400 W-249 S-335 2,000 W-335 S-336 2,500 W-336 S-337 3,000 W-337 S-338 3,500 W-338 S-339 4,000 W-339 S-3310 4,700 W-33IO S-405 2,750 W-405 S-406 3,500 W-406 S-407' 4,250 W-407 S-408 5,000 W-408 5-409 5,750 W-409 S-4010 6j500 W-4010 S-4011 7; 250 W-4011 S-4012 8,000 W^4012 S-4013 8,750 W-4013 S-4014". 9,500 W-4014 S-4015 10,250 W-4015 S-4016 11,000 W-4016 $-4017 11,750 W-4017 S-4018 12,500 W-4018 5-4019 13,250 W-4019 S-4020 14,000 W-4020 S-4021 14,750 W-4021 S-4022 15,500 W-4022 S-4023 16,250- ' W-4023 $-4024 17,000 W-4024 1.975 2.475 2.975 3,475 3,975 3,325 4,175 5,000 5,825 6,675 7,850 4,575 5,825 7,075 8,325 9.575 10,825 12,075 13,325 14,575 15,825 17,075 18,325 19.575 20,825 22,075 23,325 24,575 25,825 27,075 23,325 4.68 6.10 6.10 7.32 7.32 6.95 8.68 10.42 12.15 13.89 15.63 9.25 11.57 13.88 16.19 18.51. 20.82 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 35 *24 43 x24 43 x24 51 x24 51 x24 35 x33% 43 x33% 51 *33% 60 x33% 68 *33'/2 77 x33'/2 35 x44% 43 x44% 51 x44% 60 x44% 68 x44'/2 77 *44% 84'/2x44'/2 89 x44% 89 x44'/2 89 x44% 89 44'/2 89 x44% 89 x44'/i 89 *44'/2 89 x44'/2 89 x44% 89 x44% 89 *44'/2 89 x44% 89 x44'/2 39%x29>/2 47>/2.29'/2 55%,29'/2 65 *29% 73'/,,<29'/2 39%x39 47%x39 553/4*39 65 x39 73%t39 8l%*39 39%x52 47%x52 5534*52 65 x52 73'/4*52 8l%x52 9034*52 99 *52 I07%x52 115i/2*52 12334*52 132 *52 140/**52 148'/2*52 1563/**52 165 *52 1733/4*52. l8l'/2*52 18934*52 198 *52 59'/, 67'/2 73y, 82 90'/. soy. 69 77'/, 83'/2 91% 100 . 65% 73'/2 81 y. 90 98'/. 106'/2 . 112% 121 - 129'/4 137'/2 H5/, 154 162'/, 170'/2 . 178% 187 195'/, 203'/2 211 y. 220 12x12 12x12 14x14 14*14 14x14 16*16 >6x16 16x16 18x18 18x18 20x20 18x18 18x18 18x18 20x20 20x20 20x20 22x22 22x22 22*22 22*22 22x22 22x22 24*24 24x24 24x24 24*24 24*24 26x26 26*26 25x26 12 12 14 14 14 . 15 15 15 16 16 20 16 18 18 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 40 40 45 50 55 40 40 40 50 50 55 50 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 70 75 75 80 80 80 85 90 100 too too 100 Series....................................... 24 33 Height to Top of Steam Trimmings 60" 72%" Height to Top of Outlets............... 54- 64'/Y 45'/Y 53' Width Including Trimmings......... 46" 53" Width Excluding Trimmings......... 343// 48" Width of Ashpit............................. 29%" 39" 40 77i/2' 69" 57" 66" 38" 52" Scries.......................................... 24 33 Height of Ashpit.............................. . 10" 10" Length of Smoke Box...................... . 20" 2 IVY Height to Center ol Smoke Collar. . . 40" 47" Height to Bottom of Smoke Box. .. . 33>/2' 39'/Y Height to Top of Smoke Box.......... . 46'/2' 54%" Size of Feed Door......... 9%"x15* I0"xl8" !2'/Y * These sizes apply only to single boilers. If two or more boilers are to be used, send for schedule of chimney sizes. 40 IP 28' 5P 4P 6P 24* A Typical Installation Showing a Battery of Four SUPER SMOKELESS BOILERS With a Total Boiler Capacity of 38,000 Sq. Ft. 238 Burners, Fuel Oil Petroleum Heat and Power Company Manufacturers -- Contractors -- Engineers of FUEL OIL BURNING EQUIPMENT for Power Plants -- Buildings -- Residences NEW YORK BOSTON PROVIDENCE Battery of Four 50 H.P. Oil Fired Boilers in Saxony Worsted Mills Two Turbine Burners in Each Boiler in Western Electric Co. Plant The Petroleum Heat and Power Co., who were the pioneers in the fuel oil burning industry, have to offer to the heating and ventilating engineers a first class organization, with a complete factory at Stamford, Conn., devoted exclusively to the manufacture of oil burning equipment. '` Offices are maintained in New York, Boston and Providence, with agents in all the principal cities, where engineering services are available for heating contractors con templating the recommendation of fuel oil burning equipment to their clients. In each of these districts there is a fully equipped Service Station for the maintenance of the installations already made; also a delivery system for the supplying of this modern fuel. 239 Turbine Burner Drying Equipment 11 South Desplaines Street Varnish Drying, Air Conditioning and High Temperature Baking Equipment Drying Systems, Inc., special izes in Drying Problems and our equipments have been applied with conspicuous success to the drying of Varnish and Undercoatings, Low and High Temperature Enamels, Dimensioned and Core Stock, Veneered Panels, Coated Cloth and Leather, and many other products. We design and install air condi tioning apparatus for Finishing Rooms. The rapid drying of the various siccative coatings applied to furni ture, cabinets, pianos, automobile bodies, chassis, wheels and, in fact, everything that requires a coating, is of great importance to the'manufacturer when orders, large or small, must be delivered on a planned schedule without delay. The artificial hastening of the drying must, however, be so effected that the coating will be thoroughly and uniformly dried throughout its entire depth. Heated air, alone, causes surface-drying and certain chemical and physical changes which impair the quality of the finish. Surface-drying impedes the completion of the drying by cover ing the coating with an almost im pervious surface film through which the volatiles escape with great difficulty, and which retards oxi dation, an essential factor in the process of hardening. The vital element in the drying of all sicca tive coatings is humidity. Mois-r ture in the air functions to prevent surface-drying and detrimental changes. With adequate circula tion of properly humidified and heated air drying becomes a per fected and rapid process, insuring a coating of finest quality, both in appearance and in durability. And, of even greater importance, conditioned air drying insures a positive and unvarying time sched ule, each coat drying in the same time all of the time, regardless of outdoor weather. This permits the establishment of an efficient drying routine, on an exact schedule, greatly increasing production and minimizing costs. Our broad experience in drying and conditioning, gained through hundreds of successful installations, is at the disposal of our clients and we invite correspondence with ref erence to such problems. We manufacture several types of equipment each adapted to specific requirements. Drying Systems, Inc. Drying Equipment The Drying Unit consists of a substantially constructed sheet metal casing in which are compactly assembled a multi-blade fan, radiator (for either high or low pressure steam), an air washer-humidifier, automatic temperature . and humidity control, steam supply and return, water supply and drain, and the necessary valves, all ready for quick connection. The Unit is manufactured in three sizes and can be installed in connection with any of the old-style dry rooms, without radical changes in construction. With each Drying Unit we furnish a properly designed system of supply and vent ducts. These Units will supply dry rooms up to 1200 sq.ft, offloor-space and are in use in many plants for drying varnish, undercoatings, dimensioned and glued- up stock, etc. The Drying Unit The Harrison Aertube Heater The Harrison Aertube Heater is a compact plant of the direct-fired indirect type, utilizing any of the ordinary fuels, but preferably 11 deg. Beaume oil. This Heater is usedfor heating air in large volumes to temperatures up to lOOOdeg.fahr., avoiding contamination of theairwith the products of combustion. The heat is transferred, by convection, from the fuel directly to the air, through tubes of special metal, and this Heater is exceptionally economical and effective, as well as entirely safe, for High Temperature Baking of Enamels, Drying and Processing. The Greeff System of Drying and Conditioning comprises the Greeff Static Air WasherHumidifier, Fan, Heater, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Control. The equipment is placed close to the dry room or series of dry rooms and the conditioned air is supplied to the dry room through carefully designed ducts, insuring uni form circulation throughout the en closure. A report of our in stallation at the plant of Globe- Wernicke Co. Cincinnati, shows that the an nual saving in floor- space and interest on capital tied up in unfinished material, is $16,000.00, or 225 per cent on the in The Greeff System of Drying vestment. (2414).' Descriptive Bulletins will be sent upon request 241 Expansion Joints Established 1841 E. B. Badger & Sons Go. Manufacturers of Expansion Joints for High and Low Pressure 63-75 Pitts Street - - BOSTON, MASS. Sales Office: 101 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. Badger Self-equalizing Expansion Joints The Badger self-equalizing expansion joints are made of seamless copper tubes, of the best quality Lake copper, which is known to be the most ductile metal used in commercial engineering work. They are properly designed and rolled, with deep corrugations; and with the aid of the cast iron or steel equalizing rings, con forming to the shape of the corrugations, they take care of the changes in length in the pipe line, due to temperature changes, in a most efficient and economical manner: (1) because they are a one-piece joint and never require packing,. and, (2) because the corrugations are designed and rolled to stand repeated changes of shape and to care for a required amount of expansion on each corrugation. The external equalizing rings equally distribute the expansion over each cor rugation, thus eliminating the possibility of a fracture in the copper, due to the fact that one or two corrugations take care of the total amount of expansion. They also give the added strength to the copper to resist pressure. Self-equalizing expansion joints are made with: 2 corrugations to care for 1-in. expansion; 4 corrugations to care for 2-in. expansion. Face to Face Dimensions in Inches . Size Two Corrugations Four Corrugations 6 I2'A 19 8 \VA 19 10 12Vi 19 12 13 20 14 l3'/2 20 16 !3'/2 20 18 14 21 20 IS 2l'/2 22 15 2l'/2 24 15'/2 22 Special Features of Badger Joints Badger expansion joints are: Simple--there are no complicated parts. Durable--made of best quality copper. Safe--given a hydraulic test on every joint. Convenient--installed as easily as any pipe fitting. Compact--greatest diameter usually less than, flange. Efficient--they require no packing. When Ordering Badger Joints State (1) size of pipe; (2) whether steam, water, gas or air line; (3) working pres sure; (4) length and material of pipe; (5) face to face dimensions; (6) range of tem perature; (7) how often heat is turned on or off; (8) whether subject to superheat; (9) outside diameter of flanges, diameter of bolt circle, number of bolts, diameter of bolt hole. . Catalog Write for'Catalog No. 20. 242 Fans and Ventilating Equipment American Blower Company Detroit, Mich. Manufacturers of Heating, Ventilating, Cooling, Purifying, Humidi fying, Drying, Mechanical Draft and Blast Equipment; Vertical SelfOiling Steam Engines, Steam Traps; Fans and Blowers for All Purposes. System of Purifying, Cooling and Humidifying For Purifying and Humidifying air in Schools, other Public and Semi-Public Buildings. For Humidifying and Cooling air in Textile Mills, Food and Confectionery Plants, Printing Houses, and other Industrial Plants. For Dehumidifying and Cooling in Candy Factories, Baker ies, Photo Film Drying Rooms, Blast Furnaces, Electric Generators, etc. . Air Washer Multiblade Fans and Blowers For Heating, Ventilating and Cooling in Public, Office, Industrial and Educational Buildings. For Drying and Mechanical Draft. . Sirocco Multiblade Fans will handle more air, consuming less power than the ordinary steel plate fan having twice the wheel diameter. ABC Air Washing and Cooling Fan The ABC Air Washing and Cooling Fan combined does the work of the centrifugal fan, the air washer and the pump required for circulating water in a separate washer and does this with less power and with material reductions in main tenance and attendant costs. It is an automatic, highly efficient and durable unit that adequately provides for purifi cation, humidification and cooling. The ABC Air Washing and Cooling Fan is used in Schools, Theatres, Clubs, Churches, Auditoriums, Stores and Industrial Buildings, and insures good air conditions, bodily comfort and increased working capacity. It requires a minimum of attention and occupies small floor space. A special bulletin descriptive of this fan will be sent upon request. "Ventura" Disc Ventilating Fan . For delivering large volumes of air at low pressure or against small resistance. . Low price--small power consumption and inexpensive to install. * For ventilating rooms and buildings--Ventura, motor driven, ventilating fans, 650 C. F. M. to 17,500 C. F. M: For ventilating small .mines or at any mine where a disc fan can be used--engine or motor driven--from 12,000 C. F. M. to 100,000 C. F. M. resistance not to exceed 1" W. G. 243 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Bayley Manufacturing Co. 732 Greenbush Street . Milwaukee, Wisconsin Heating, Ventilating, Air-Washing, Exhaust and Drying Equipment Separate bulletins are issued on Air Washers, B.T.U. Heaters, Dryers, Chinook Heaters, Plexiform Fans, Exhaust Fans, Disc Fans, Air Washers. These will be furnished on request. The Company also furnishes engineering information in con nection with the application of any of the products manufactured. Plexiform Fans A well-balanced fan for ventilating pub lic, office and industrial build ings, mines, tun nels, etc., and for heating, dryi n g and air .washing sys tems. Spaceand - power economy are some of the advantages it offers. The Bayley Chinook Heater is a tubewithin-a-tube radiator without return bends, elbows or nipples. Circulation is established from the steam chamber through the inner tube, and back through the outer tube to the return chamber. Used in connection with the Plexiform fan, also for direct and indirect radiation, and for cooling water. Bayley Turbo-Air Washer The superiority of. this Washer is in the atomizer, which atomizes the liquid by means of a rapidly rotating cone with Pins at its peri phery. Clogging is prevented, as the water is delivered to the cone through a nozzle with a large orifice and at low pressure. The non clogging feature assures a steady, uniform spray, which insures in timate contact between the air and the spray. No screen in. pump intake. Atomizer -fits any air washer. Washers made in various sizes for washing air or gases and for use in chemical plants. 244 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Buffalo Forge Company Associated With Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America Buffalo, N. Y. BRANCHES New York. N. Y., 39-41 Cortlandt St. Philadelphia. Pa.. 1303 Land Title Bldg. Boston. Mass.. 177 State St. Cleveland. O.. 368 Rockefeller Bldg. Pittsburgh. Pa., 917 Union Arcade Detroit. Mich., 1772 W. Lafayette Blvd. Chicaco, III., 562 W. Washington Blvd. Atlanta, Ga., Candler Bldg. * Washington. Washington Loan & Trust Bldg, St. Louis. 515 Chemical Bldg. Cincinnati. 607 Mercantile Library Bldg. Minneapolis. 120 South Ninth St. Denver. 1718 California St. Los Angeles, 636 H. W. Heilman Bldg. Indianapolis, 1016 Fletcher Trust Bldg. San Francisco. 216 Pine St. Portland, Ore.. Power Equipment Co. CANADIAN BRANCH Canadian Blower and Forge Co.. Kitchener. Ontario Typical Installation of Buffalo Fan and Carrier Air. Cone Hioning Equipment Conoidal Multiblade Fans Carrier Air Washers Pipe Coil Heaters Ventilating Sets Disc Fans Humidifiers Buffalo Products - Generator Coolers Gas Scrubbers Stoker Fans Induced Draft Fans Planing Mill Exhaust Fans 245 Dust Collectors Pressure Blowers Drying Apparatus Spray Nozzles Forge Shop Equipment Fans and Ventilating Equipment Clarage Fan Company KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN New York City Indianapolis Cleveland ' Chicago Pittsburgh Boston , St. Louis Minneapolis Los Angeles Rochester Philadelphia Detroit Memphis Complete stocks carried in New York, Pittsburgh and special stocks in Memphis Multiblade Fans iron side plates, and are adjustable and re Clarage-Kalamazoo Multiblade Fans are guaranteed to be equal to any fans built for heating and ventilating work or for the handling of large volumes of air or gases at low pressures. . Since the only points of contact and points of greatest wear are in the bearings, versible for hand and discharge. Built y%housed in sizes larger than No. 3. Double width fans have twice the capacity of single width fans of same size. Pipe coils or cast iron vento heaters, or other accessories for complete heating and ventilating systems, can be supplied. the prime requisite of a good fan is good Air Washers bearings. The Clarage bearing, shown at The efficiency of any air washer depends the right, below, is self-aligning in every on the quality of the spray. The Clarage plane and within large limits. Inner design is simple and compact. Being of sleeves are lined with high grade babbitt the centrifugal type, it does its work and are lubricated by means of two brass thoroughly. Passages are large, a feature oil rings, which carry a copious supply of which does away with danger of clogging, oil to bearing surfaces from large reservoir a trouble which comes often in the center- below. An exclusive Clarage feature is the jet nozzle type. felt washers, which fit snugly around shaft They are designed for a velocity of 500 at each end of bearing case, keeping oil in inches per minute and can be furnished in and dirt out. - sizes from 2500 to 100,000 cu. ft. per Especially suitable for heating and ven minute. tilating schoolhouses, theaters, churches, Vertical Engines office buildings and factories. Can be used Clarage Vertical Engines are fully en with equal success for ventilating mines closed and self-oiling. Used for direct con and tunnels. The unusually high efficiency nection to fans and blowers, pumps, motor obtained, quietness of operation, small space required and adjustable features of the design are all points in which these fans have been found superior to other generators, etc.; built in four classes and are capable of developing up to 81 hp. Co-operative Service types. # The Engineering Department of this For convenience in specifying, fans are company has compiled elaborate data numbered according to approximate diam covering capacities, etc., of every Clarage a eter of wheel: No. 1, 1-ft. wheel; No. product. This material will be of value in 2^-ft. wheel, etc. Sizes up to and includ determining requirements. The depart ing No. 10. Full-housed fans, up to and ment will gladly co-operate with architects including No. 3 size, are built with cast in every way possible. 246 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Hersh Brothers Company Allentown, Pa. 149 Broadway N. Y. 131 State St., Boston Fans and Blowers for Heating and Ventilating This type of fan is designed particularly for use in connection with heating and ventilating systems in public and in dustrial buildings where large volumes of air are handled at comparatively low pres sures. It is proportioned to give low velocities of air throughout with the least resistance both at the entrance and at the discharge. . The special construction of this type of wheel combines in one the desirable quali ties of the older steel plate fan wheel with the large capacity and efficient operation of the Multiblade Type. This wheel requires no stay-rods to keep it in shape under any speed. The strength and rigid ity of construction can be readily ascer tained from examination of the radial blades which run to the hub of the wheel, so placed in- order to give the greatest strength in the direction of rotation. The strains on this wheel are those of tension, in which all metal is strongest, rather than shear, in which it is weakest. No wobbling side thrusts occur with this construction. The curvature of the Multiblades does not restrict the area of discharge and therefore the capacity of the wheel. 0 The housing, being rigidly braced with angle iron and the inlet and outlet with tee iron punched for sheet metal connection, is free from vibration under the highest speeds and pressures. The bearings are of unusual quality (ball and socket type) with double ring oiling arid best babbit. They are self-aligning in all directions. This prevents the shaft from becoming bound. . The shaft is constructed of the best grade of DRAWN STEEL containing from 30 to 40% carbon. 247 Hersh Brothers Company Fans and Ventilating Equipment LEHlBfl LEHIGH MULTIBLADE FANS--TYPE "M" . FOR USE IN HEATING AND VENTILATING RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS, 70 F., 29.92" BAR. Fan No. rea Outlet, Sq. Ft. c X" STATIC PR. STATIC PR. STATIC PR. STATIC PR. X* STATIC PR. _e s Total Prea.. 356" Total Prea.. .507" Total Pres., .641" Total Pre*.. 385" Outlet Vel., 1300 ft. Outlet VeL 1400 ft. Outlet VeU. 1500 ft. Outlet Vet.. 1600 ft. Per. Speed, 1610 ft. Per. Speed. 1955 ft. Per.Speed, 2145ft. Per. Speed, 2371 ft. Total Pres.. .93 Outlet Vel.. 1700 ft. Per. Speed, 2578 ft. O < C.F. M. Rev. H. P. C.F.M. Rev. H.P. C. F.M. Rev. H. P. C. F.M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. H.P. 2>h 15 3 18 y/i 21 1.24 1.78 2.43 1.610 409 2320 341 3.160 292 .18 1.735 497 .28 2.500 415 34 3.400 355 35 1,860 546 .36 2.680 455 .48 3.650 390 .34 1.980 603 .44 .48 2.850 503 .62 .65 3.890 431 .84 2,110 656 3.030 547 4.130 469 .54 38 1.1 4 24 3.17 4V7 27 4.02 5 30 4.96 4.120 256 5,150 227 6,450 209 .44 4.500 311 .55 5.620 276 .68 6,950 249 .63 4350 341 .84 5,075 377 1.1 39 6.020 303 1.06 6,430 335 137 .97 7.450 273 13 7.930 303 13 5,400 410 6.830 364 8.430 328 1.4 1.7 2.1 5* 33 6.0 7.800 186 6 36 7.25 9380 171 .81 8.400 226 1.16 9.000 248 1.56 9.600 274 2.1 .96 10.000 207 137 10300 227 1.85 11.400 252 2.4 10,200 298 2.6 12.150 273 3.0 7 42 9.72 12.600 146 13 13.600 178 1.85 14.600 195 2.5 15.500 216 3.25 16 500 234 4.0 8 9 10 48 12.7 54 16.1 60 19.8 16.500 128 1.7 20.850 114 2.1 25.750 103 2.6 17.750 156 2.4 22.500 138 3.0 27.800 124 3.7 19,000 170 3.2 24,100 151 4.0 29,700 137 5.0 20.300 188 25.700 168 31300 151 4.2 53 6.4 21.500 205 53 27.100 182 6.5 33300 164 8.0 II 66 24.0 31.200 93 3.1 33,600 113 4,5 36.000 124 6.0 38.400 137 7.8 40.800 149 9.7 12 72 28.6 37,100 86 3.6 40.000 104 53 42.800 114 7.0 45300 126 9.1 48.500 137 113 13 78 33.5 43.800 79 43 47.000 % 6.1 50350 105 8.1 53300 116 10.6 57.000 126 13.2 14 84 38.9 50.600 73 4.8 54.400 89 7.0 58.300 98 9.4 62.300 108 123 66,200 117 153 15 16 90 44.6 56.000 68 5.5 62.500 83 7.9 67.000 91 10.6 71.450 101 13.8 76,000 109 173 96 50.8 66.000 64 "6.2 71.200 78 8.9 76300 86 11.9 61.200 95 15.5 86,400 103 193 17 102 573 74.500 61 7.0 80350 73 10.0 86.000 81 13.4 91.700 69 17.5 97,400 97 21.8 18 108 643 63.500 57 7.8 90.000 69 113 96,500 76 15.1 102.800 84 19.6 109,200 91 24.4 20 120 793 103.000 52 9.7 111.000 63 13.8 119,000 69 18.6 127.000 76 243 135,000 82 30.0 Fan No. rea Outlet, Sq.Ft. e J 4 a< 1 STATIC PR. Total Prea., 1.202n Outlet Vel.. 1600 ft. Per. Speed. 2950 ft. IK"STATIC PR. Total Prea.. 1.5 Outlet Vel-2000 ft. Per. Speed. 3300 ft. IK"STATIC PR. Total Prea., 1.83" Outlet Vel., 2300 ft. Per. Speed. 3625 ft. IJn STATIC PR. Total Prea.. 2.14n Outlet Vel.. 2500 ft. Per. Speed. 3930 ft. 2" STATIC PR. Total Prea.. 2.455" Outlet Vel.. 2700 ft. Per. Speed. 4220 ft. C.F.M. Rev. H. P. C.F.M. Rev. H. P. C. F.M. Rev. H. P. C. F.M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. RP. 15 134 2.230 751 .73 2.480 838 1.0 3 18 138 3310 625 l.l 3.540 698 1.5 y/t 21 2.43 4.370 536 1.4 4.650 600 2.0 2.850 922 1.5 4.100 768 2.1 5,580 659 2.8 3.100 1000 4.460 832 6.070 714 1.85 2.6 3.5 3350 1073 4.830 895 6.550 768 2.4 3.5 4.6 4 24 3.17 41 27 4.02 5 30 4.96 5310 469 1.9 7.240 417 23 8.930 375 2.9 6.350 524 2.6 8.040 466 33 9,900 419 4.0 7,300 576 3.6 9350 513 4.6 11,400 461 5.6 7.950 624 10.000 555 12.400 500 4.6 5.8 7.1 8.580 671 10.850 597 13.400 537 6.0 7.6 93 SV7 33 6.0 10.800 341 3.4 6 36 7.25 12.850 313 4.1 7 42 932 17.500 268 5.5 12,000 381 4.8 14.300 349 5.6 19 400 300 7.6 13.800 419 63 16.450 384 8.0 22.400 330 103 15.000 454 8.5 17,850 416 10.1 24.300 357 13.6 16.200 488 19.300 447 26.200 384 113 133 17.8 8 48 12.7 22.900 235 7.1 25.400 262 9.8 29300 288 13.8 31300 312 17.6 34,300 336 23.0 9 10 54 16.1 28.900 208 8.9 32.100 233 123 36,900 256 173 40.200 270 22.0 60 19.8 35300 188 10.8 39300 210 15.0 45,600 231 213 49,500 250 26.9 43,300' 299 28.6 53,500 269 353 II 66 24.0 43.150 171 13.0 48,000 191 18.0 55,200 210 25.4 60,000 227 323 64.800 244 423 12 72 26.6 51.400 157 153 57.200 175 213 65300 192 30.0 71.500 208 38.1 77.100 224 50.0 13 78 33.5 60,400 145 17.8 67.000 162 243 77.000 178 34.9 83,700 192 443 90.500 207 58.0 14 84 38.9 70.000 134 20.5 77,700 150 283 89,500 165 40.0 97,200 179 50.8 105.000 192 66.7 15 90 44.6 80.400 .125 233 89.400 140 323 103,000 154 45.5 111,600 167 58.0 120.600 179 76.0 16 96 50.6 91.400 118 263 101.500 131 363 116,800 145 513 127.000 156 653 137.000 168 85.5 17 102 573 103.000 107 794 114.600 124 40.7 132.000 136 57.6 143,000 147 733 155.000 158 963 18 108 643 115300 104 33.0 128.500 117 45.8 147.600 128 64.7 160.500 139 823 173.500 149 108.0 20 120 793 143.000 94 403 159.000 105 56.5 182.500 116 79.8 198.300 125 101.5 214.000 135 133.0 248 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Atlanta. Ga. Boston. Mass. Buffalo. N. Y. Chicago. 111. Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, O. Dallas. Tex. Detroit. Mich. Hartford. Conn. Kansas City, Mo. Los Angeles. Cal. B. F. Sturtevant Go. Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. Canadan Offices:--Galt. Ont., Montreal, Que., Toronto, Ont. Minneapolis, Minn. New York. N. Y. Philadelphia. Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Portland, Ore. Rochester. N. Y. St. Louis, Mo. Salt Lake City, Utah San Francisco. Cal. Seattle. Wash. Washington, D. C. PRODUCTS Heating, and Ventilating Equipment Multivane Volume Blowers and Ex hausters; Propeller and Disc Type Volume Exhaust Fans; Heaters; Air Washers; Engines and D. C. Motors; Galvanized Duct Work; Portable Ventilating Sets; Autoforce Ventilators. CATALOGS Air Conditioning No. 295 Air Washers. 25 Air Washers--Canadian Climate Doctors. 278 Air Conditioning. 246 Generator Cooling. Drying Power House Equipment Fuel Economizers; Mechanical Draft Ap paratus; Turbine and Steam Engine Gen erator Sets; Gasoline Electric Generator Sets; Generator Cooling; Steam Engines; Ste&m Turbines; Transmission Gears. Industrial Equipment High Pressure, Medium Pressure and Low Pressure Blowers; Volume Blowers; Planing Mill Exhausters; Cupola Blowers; Gas Blowers and Boosters; Gas Ex hausters; Forges and Forge Blowers; Acid Proof Fans; Pneumatic Collecting and ConveyingSystems;Steam Exhaust Heads. Air Conditioning Equipment Paper, Glue, Wood and Leather Drying, Vapor Absorption Systems; Air Washing, Humidifying and Dust RemovingSystems; Dehumidifying Systems. ' Vacuum Cleaning Equipment Stationary Plants for Home and In dustrial Use; Portable Vacuum Cleaners of all sizes for all work. No. 298 Sturtevant-Brownell Dryer. 299 Drying Systems. 243 Paper Drying. 1052 Vegetable Dryers. 282 High Humidity Lumber Dry Kilns. 289 Hosiery Dryer. 305 Poultry Manure Dryer. . Heating and Ventilating No. 283 Autoforce Ventilators. 230 Heaters. 215 Heating and Ventilating Treatise. 1015 Heating and Ventilating Book, Com plete. Installations. 1014 Heating . and Ventilating Government Buildings. 227 Heating and Ventilating Layouts--Blue print Books. 1013 Heating and Ventilating Public Buildings. 1012 Heating and Ventilating Schools. 279 Disc and Propeller Fans. 290 Silentvane Fans. 306 Hot Blast Heater. Mechanical Draft I^. 236 Forced Draft Fans. 276 Turbo Undergrate Blowers. Design 3. 286 VD-7 Turbo Blower. . 288 Forced and Induced Draft with Mechan ical Stokers. Pneumatic Collecting and Conveying Engineering Service Systems As each installation is unique, it is usually necessary that an engineer analyze the conditions before making recom mendations. The engineering staff of the ; B. F. Sturtevant Co. has been trained to analyze conditions and to properly apply our apparatus accordingly. Consult them, they are at your service without obligation. Publications The STURTEVANT line is so varied that a comprehensive presentation in one publication is undesirable. .We have, there fore, issued a special bulletin on each par ticular line, covering the mechanical details. No. 262 Granite Dust Removal Systems. 245 Cotton Fans, Design 7. 234 Steel Plate Blowers and Exhausters, v 252 Steel Plate Fan Performance Charts Power Apparatus No. 150 Sturtevant Fuel Economizers. 222 Fuel Economizers in Paper Mills. 255 Gasoline Electric Generating Sets. 239 Steam Engine Generating Set's- 311 Steam Turbines. . 256 Steam Tifrbine Generating Sets. 264 Electrical Apparatus. 263 VS-7<and 8 Engines Instruction Book 307 Marine Engines. 309 Turhp Transmissions. 275 Gear] Transmissions. 284 Polyphase Motors. 301 Cindervane Fans. 249 Fans and Ventilating Equipment L.J.Wing Co. Branch Offices in Principal Cities 663 Hudson St., NEW YORK Phone: Chelsea 0027-0030 Factory: NEWARK, N. J. Manufacturers of Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters, Wing Turbine and Motor Driven Blowers, Wing-Scruplex Fans and Exhausters Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters--The outstanding features of Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters are their extreme light weight (about 1/10 that of the old style) and small dimensions, combined with the fact that the driving motors are direct connected (no belts) and are out of the path of the heated air. These features open a much broader Horizontal Type field of application for this system of heating--in effect the hot-blast sys tem--which is generally accepted by engineers and architects as the best system for industrial plants and other buildings of large open areas such as garages, armories, etc. The features emphasized above make possible the suspending of the units from the ceiling or roof of any building old or new, without neces sitating additional strengthening of the structure. It is not necessary to place the units on the ground where they will occupy space valuable for other purposes, and in addition to this, all steam and return lines may be carried overhead, out of the way, eliminating the necessity of pipe trenches. Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters are made in four different designs; Vertical High ceiling--Vertical Low ceiling--Horizontal and Floor type, the latter for use where the roof is very high and there are no convenient columns from which to support the units overhead. Two of these designs are shown also the method of installation. Low Ceiling Type Saves Valuable Floor Space Size Unit Ax A DdAaTtaA Ffor wing featherweight unit heaters B Air Motor C. F. M. H. P. Temperature Room ' Leav. B.t.u. per hr. Available Approx. Ship. Wt. 17-3-12 22-4-12 22-5-12 25-4-12 25-5-12 30-4-85 30-5-85 36-4-60 36-5-60 20x20 25x25 25x25 30x30 30x30 35x35 35x35 41x41 41x41 34 36 34 36 34 36 39 38 39 38 47 40 47 .40 53 42 53 42 1950 2800 2600 4800 4500 6900 6500 9600 9000 4 V6 V* Vi 1 Vi 1 l'4 l'/4 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 113 125 135 125 135 125 135 125 135 92.500 162,600 173,200 279.000 300.000 401.000 433.000 558.000 599,400 265 350 360 400 415 450 470 630 660 The above table will afford the Engineer an opportunity to ch<xwe the proper s^e ana numue.ui _C3- /N r~ "t 250 L. J. Wing Mfg. Co. Fans and Ventilating Equipment WING FORCED DRAFT BLOWERS Type E-M Motor Driven The Wing motor-driven units come in various sizes to fit all kinds and types of boilers. Installation is usually made in side ashpit walls to eliminate ducts and save space. For control purposes hand regulating rheostats are employed on single phase and direct current motors. For polyphase current dampers are used. Automatic control can be supplied if de sired. Wing E-M Units in service have proven highly efficient in overcoming deficiencies in draft due to low stacks, poor weather conditions, etc., and they are admirably suited for the burning of the finer grades of coal such as Rice, Barley, Screenings, Culm and the like. , Write for Bulletin 16 for further details. In high pressure plants the Wing Turbine blower has become standard equipment for serving the forced draft to stokered or hand-fired furnaces. The units are com pact and easily installed and have air deliveries up to 20,000 cu. ft. per min. with static pressure up to 8 in. The exhaust steam from the turbine is clean and can be used for feed water heating, process work, etc., where the back pressures run as high as 8-10 lb. Hand or automatic con trol can be effected. For further details write for Bulletin 57. Type REV Turbine Driven WING-SCRUPLEX EXHAUSTERS The Wing-Scruplex Exhauster consists of a highly efficient screw-propeller fan, combined with a casing of convenient design with the motor on^he outside where it will keep clean and cool, and be easy of access. Because of these features it is used for duct work where the i ur I f Wing-Scruplex Exhauster resistance is low in stead of propeller fans with motors directly attached, where here tofore to obtain these features it has been necessary to use encased fans of the multivane type. ! Being designed in the form of an elbow, it fits very well into any run of duct. It's rectangular frame greatly simplifies installation. Exhauster Makes Hotel Kitchen Comfortable Place to Work Wing-Scruplex Fan WING-SCRUPLEX FANS Sizes including 25" in diameter are furnished with propellers of cast aluminum alloy. Larger than this are steel, pressed to the same form. Note particularly-the true screw design of the. propeller. Built in sizes 10", 13", 17", 22", 25", 30", 36", 42", 48", . 54", aiid 60". Capacities from 950 C. F. M. to 33,000 C. F. M. 251 Fire Brick The Kier Fire Brick Company OLIVER BUILDING Pittsburgh, Pa. GANISTER QUARRIES Brookes Mills, Pa. SILICA BRICK PLANT Childs, Pa. FIRE BRICK PLANT Salina, Pa. FIRE CLAY MINES Salina, Pa.; Phillipsburg, Pa.; Kittanning, Pa. i Fire Clay and Silica Brick for Boiler Settings The ^Salina brand of fire clay brick has been used in the construction of boiler settings for 78 years. It is capable of meeting any of the fur nace conditions that are satisfied by first quality fire clay brick. It gives dependable service as it resists the hottest furnace fire and "soak ing heat" by virtue of the uniformly good materials composing it and the expert knowledge of making fire brick gained in over three-quarters of a century in the business. The Kier Fire Brick Co. is also in a position to supply special brick of higher refractoriness when necessary. Experience has shown that it is often possible to overcome serious furnace trouble by the use of a relatively small percentage of these special refractories. Special con ditions in furnace construction and operation demand special attention. The life of a furnace is an important consideration. Our engineers can aid in solving your problem. Write us for engineering advice. 252 Furnaces (Automatic) and Stokers The Automatic Furnace Go. Dayton, Ohio . Branch Offices New York, N. Y. Pittsburgh, Pa. Chicago, III. Toledo, O., Cleveland, St. Paul, Minn. Detroit, Mich. Manufacturers of Smokeless Furnaces, Chain and Shaking Grates Products Model Automatic Smokeless Furnaces; Model Chicago Chain Grate; Dayton Coal Feeder; Culver Shaking and Dump ing Grate; Model Acme Steam Engine. THE MODEL AUTOMATIC SMOKELESS FURNACE is of the wellknown side feed inclined grate type and is suitable for the larger heavy duty units. It is entirely automatic, cleaning the ash and clinker from the fire as well as feeding the fuel to the fire. Heavy overloads can be carried due to the fact that the fire is always clean and ready to respond to sudden large variations in steam require ments. The design is simple, strong and dur able and no parts, except the grate bars, are exposed to the heat of the fire. Shown below. Showing Dayton Coat Feeder Applied to Horizontal . Fire Tube Boiler It is easily and quickly installed with out change in the boiler setting and at comparatively small cost. CULVER SHAKING AND DUMP ING GRATE has both a shaking motion, which is sufficient to clean the grate sur face of ash and clinker, and a dumping motion in which every other grate raises THE DAYTON COAL FEEDER automatically feeds the coal onto any grate. It gives an even distribution of fuel over the entire grate surface and the fuel saving seldom amounts to less than 15 per cent. The saving in fuel will repay the in stallation cost in a short time. It is simple in design and practically foolproof. It reduces the amount of labor required. As it is entirely on the front away from the heat of the fire, the maintenance cost is practically nothing. Culver Shaking and Dumping Grate up and the others drop down. When in this position the grates can be rocked, which breaks up the largest and hardest of clinker, and as an 8-in. opening is afforded everything on the grates is dumped into the ash pit. This Company also manufactures the MODEL CHICAGO CHAIN GRATE. It is of rugged, heavy construction and is designed to stand the trying service of boiler room equipment. Detailed description will gladly be sent on request. 253 Furnaces (Automatic) and Stokers Sanford Riley Stoker Go. "RILEY" Underfeed Stokers "JONES". Underfeed Stokers WORCESTER, MASS. "MURPHY" Automatic Furnaces BOSTON CINCINNATI NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH BUFFALO CLEVELAND CHICAGO ST. PAUL KANSAS CITY DENVER CHARLOTTE THE UNDERFEED STOKER COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD.. TORONTO DETROIT DALLAS The Murphy Furnace The Murphy Auto matic Furnace is par ticularly adapted for use in office buildings, hotels and schools. It saves 15 to 25% of coal over hand-fired methods--it eliminates the smoke problem. The labor saving de pends on the number of men employed. Where only one man is employed there is, of course, no saving, but he can devote more of his time to other duties. Description The correctness of the principle upon which the construc tion of the MURPHY AUTOMATIC FURNACE is based has been demonstrated by 44 years of stoker experience. Improvements have been made from time to time which have in creased its efficiency and durability. With the MURPHY AUTOMATIC FUR NACE, complete combustion prevents smoke and ensures high C02 results. All ash and refuse are removed automatically. 'This means a clean fire and high efficiency at all times. The MURPHY FURNACE does away with the necessity for opening furnace doors and thereby eliminates the admission of cold air; the coal supply to the furnace is under absolute control and automatic regulation; it is a Natural Draft Furnace and requires no expensive fan or blower equipment. Adaptability The Murphy Furnace is.designed for any type of boiler in units from 50 h.p. up. It is exceedingly flexible and efficiently handles variable loads and overloads up to 20Q% of boiler rating with minimum attention and without forced draft. Maintenance Maintenance cost is low; averaging about 10 cents per B. H. P. per year. The magazines and fronts are protected by fire brick; the coking plates by air passing under them; and the clinker grinder, grate bearer and grates by exhaust steam and air, thus ensuring ample protection to all working parts. - Installations A few of the many Murphy installations in office buildings, hotels and schools. Hamm Building, St. Paul, Minn. Cleveland Discount Bldg., Cleveland, O. State Office Building, Lansing, Mich. Parliament Building, Ottowa, Canada. Edison Building, Chicago, 111. Lafayette Hotel, Buffalo, N; Y. Blackstone Hotel, Chicago, 111. . Union Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Congress Hotel, Chicago, 111. Statler Hotels, Cleveland, O., Detroit, Mich., and Buffalo, N. Y. University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Mich. 76 School buildings in Detroit. 33 Schools in Cleveland. 254 Furnaces, Warm Air Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Go. 4549 No. Euclid Ave. :: ST. LOUIS, MO. Dealers in all parts of the United States Front-Rank Steel Furnace A proven Heater. Indestructible fire-brick lining. Separate grates. Burns any fuel. Long fire travel. No direct draft. Large direct and indirect surfaces. ^Gas-tight and dust-proof. Low flue temperatures. Large casings of known capacity. Rated for good performance. 30,000 in St. Louis is some proof of the ability of this heater. Thirty-five years of real service to the Public has put us in the Front-Rank for better heating. A real Warm Air heating and ven tilating system includes, fresh air, humidity, heat control, screened or washed air, and immediate service before breakfast. . It is healthful and sanitary. Plans furnished and consultation free. DIMENSIONS OF ESWRfeHB STEEL FURNACES Diameter of Casing Diameter of Drum . Diameter of Fire Pot(InaideTile) 1 Depth of Fire Pot Area of Grates ; Diameter of . I Radiators Heighth of Fur nace over all not less than Diameter of Smoke Pipe Size of Feed Door Opening Capacity in sq.in. of cross area of Hot Air Pipes Shipping Weight less casing No. of Furnace E & 'o 'o -e 6 _c i eo 381.382.................... 38" 18" 16" 15" 176" 9" 38" 58" 42X.42I.423........... 42' 22' 20" 15" 233" 10" 34' 58" 45X. 451. 453........... 45' 22' 20' 15" 2B3" 10' 34" 58" 48X. 481. 483........... 48" 25" 23' 15" 380' 11" 35" 59' 51X. 511, 513........... 51" 54X. 541. 543........... 54' 26" 29' 23" 26" 15' 15" 380' 490' 1113"" 35" 38" 59' 62' 60X; 601. 602........... 60" 32' 29' 15' 616" 15" 38" 62' 160............................ 66" 32' 29' 19' 616" 18" 44" 69' 66" 8" 10*12' 350 750 lbs. 68" 9" 12*131/2" 450 1.000 * 68" 9' 12*131/7' 500 1,000 " - 70" 9' 12*13/2 600 1,200" 70* 9' l2*l3`/2" 650 1,200 " 70' 9' 12x131/2" 700 1,450 " 72' 10" 12*131/2" 600 17650 78" 10" 12x13/2" (.000 1,750 " xSignifies Single Feed Door. Capacities as listed are taken from actual proven.installations and include a safety factor. 255 Furnaces, Warm Air The XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. General Office and Factory Akron, O. Manufacturers of Warm Air Furnaces, Steam and Hot Water Boilers The Horizontal Flow Heater is a new design in warm air furnace con struction especially effective when used with fan systems for heating large buildings Capacities furnished upon application. The Horizontal Flow Heater Fat. Dec. 13, I9BI--Jan. S3, 19SS We also manufacture the XXth Century Warm Air Furnace, in eight different sizes, for the heating of residences. Descriptive matter and prices will be gladly furnished. 256 t Heaters, Air Robert Gordon, Inc. 1351 W. Washington Boulevard Chicago, 111. Mechanical Hot-Blast Heater For Industrial Purposes Heating Ventilating Drying Processing A specially designed direct fired unit using coal, coke, oil, gas, or by products for fuel. Exceptionally large surface of heavy castings and standard multivane fan delivers 81 per cent of Heat value of fuel used. . HEATING CAPACITIES Size 0 to 40 3 150,000 4 240,000 6 480,000 0 to 50 135,000 215,000 430,000 0 to 60 120,000 190.000 360,000 0 to 65 100,000 * 160,000 320,000 0 to 70 75,000 120,000 240,000 C. F. M. Fuel Com. lbs. per Hr. 5,500 8,000 16.000 35 to 40 40 to 45 80 to 90 Cubic contents above are for standard brick building having not over 30 per cent glass surface Fuel 13.000 B.t.u. per lb. SPECIFICATIONS Size Floor Space 3 5'x9' 4 5'-6',xl0' 6 7'x13 Height 8'-4" 9' I0'-4' Shipping Weight 4,400 5.200 11.000 Motor H. P. 3 5 7.5 Smoke Pipe . 9* 10* J2' Fan R. P. M. 780 705 460 B. F. STURTEVANT CO., Sole Sales Agents . 257 Net B.t.u. Production 288,000 336,000 672,000 Heaters, Air HOME OFFICE AND FACTORY 1400-1490 S. Vanderventer Ave ST. LOUIS. Mo. EASTERN OFFICE AND FACTORY 100-160 Bayway ELIZABETH. N. J. DISTRICT SALES OFFICES New York Cleveland Boston Minneapolis Detroit Buffalo . Indianapolis Kansas City Chicago SALES REPRESENTATIVES Washington--714 Evans Bldg. Philadelphia--1711 Sansom St. Pittsburgh--34 Wood St. Baltimore--2 E. Lexington St. Spokane--435 First Ave. San Francisco--Monadnock Block BAETZ PATENT AIR HEATERS Heaters are made up of separately controlled banks of pipe coils interset at right angles for alternate rows, back ward curve multibladed fan wheel with scroll beneath heater. Heaters are equally satisfactory for exhaust steam or live steam up to 125 lb. pressure. These heaters are built in both the floor type and the inverted type for overhead suspension. . ^. Distributing outlets may be either round or rectangular to properly suit any given conditions. Heater fans will overcome resistance of duct work when required. 258 Skinner Brothers Manufacturing Company, Inc. Heaters, Air GENERAL DATA ON BAETZ PATENT AIR HEATERS Size No. Floor Space Required Weight. Lb. 2 i2 3 x3 4 x4 5 x5 6 x6 t<A X 6Vi ' r 4" X 2f 4" 3' 4" x 3' 4" 4' 4" x 4' 4" 5' 6" x 5' 6" 6' 6" x 6' 6" T 0" x T 0" 1000 1700 2900 4350 6300 7300 , The above capacities are based on 5 lb. steam pressure. Capacity B.t.u. 135,000 350.000 700,000 1,000,000 1,350,000 1,750.000 SKINNER BROS. PATENTED DIRECT FIRED HEATERS This is the pioneer heating system of its type, and .is recommended for buildings where steam is not available and where the cost of a steam system is prohibitive. The extra heavy firing chamber with de flector plate above, in conjunction with hollow smoke condenser, provide a maximum heat radiating surface which insures high efficiency. The circulation of air through the heater is accomplished by means of a backward curved * multibladed fan. It is unnecessary to operate the fan for satisfactory results during moder ate weather. This heater is built in three sizes, having capacities of 250,000 B.t.u., 450,000 B.t.u. and 750,000 B.t.u. respectively. Bituminous or anthracite coal, coke, or oil are satisfactory as fuel. Write to us for information on our Up-andDown Circulation Dryer for soap, veneer, leather, etc. 259 Heaters, Unit York Heating and Ventilating Corp. 1502 Locust Street :: PHILADELPHIA Unit Heaters--Unit Fans--Rotary Ventilators-- Stationary Ventilators--Cyqlone Dust Collectors--Damper Quadrants--Blast Gates--Drying Trays--Wool Switches-- Sheet Metal Work and Light Structural Iron Fabrication --------- YORK "WELDED COIL" UNIT HEATER --------- York Heating and Ventilating Corp., Unit Heaters, Sheet Metal Specialties Construction Details of Healer York Unit Healer 1-- Low Power requirements--heater is designed for minimum internal air re sistance. There are no baffles, etc., to cause back pressure--path of air is straight through heater. 2-- Rehandles and reheats air within the room or can be connected to the out side air--thereby supplying air that is both fresh and warm. 3-- Air passes through the heater with a uniformly increasing velocity, until diffused through the outlets. 4-- No duct work is required--air is dis charged at sufficient height to avoid disturbing floor dust. 5-- When maximum heating is not required, fan may be stopped; after which a re duced volume of air will circulate through it, generating a considerable quantity of heat with no power costs. 6-- Maintenance is low--there are no valves and joints to be repaired.. 1-- Welded pipe coils--no joints from inlet to outlet. Coils are tested to over 200 lb. pressure. 2-- Ball bearing fan--with bearings out side the fan housing and not in contact with hot air. 3-- Fan may be belted to line shaft or motor or directly coupled to motor. 4-- Fan pulley is located near top of the heater, which makes connection to line shafting easy. This is also convenient for belting to electric motor fastened to ceiling, wall or column. No belt guards are required with this arrange ment. 5-- 1-Base of the heater is open on all four sides. Where connection to outside air is desired, this can easily be made from any side. 6-- The Unit stands on legs, no special foundation is required. 7-- It can be furnished for ceiling sus pension. Unit Size A B c D E XY 2 3'-7'. 2'-0' 8'-6' 6'-4* s'-a* 83 2-A 3'-7' Y-7' 8'-9' 6'-7" 5'-l 1' 6 3 3 3'-7' r-r 9'-6"' 6'-M' 6 83 3-A W y-i" 9,-6* 6'-ir t'-l'A' 8 3 3-B 5A" y-7 9'-8' T-l* 6'-4'A' 6 3 4 y-r y.j* y-io" 7M<r 6'-9* 12 4 4-A 7'-0' 4'-0* <r-i(r TAW 6'-9* 12 4 4-B 7'-0* 5'-l# y-Kr 7'-icr 6'-9" 12 4 5 7'-0* 5'-r y-io* 7'-10* 12 % Complete Blower Systems for Ventilating or Exhausting, built and installed 260 . York Rotary Ventilator York Unit Healer York 3A, 3B or 4 Unit Heater. NORMAL RATING Sizes 10 in. to 60 in. neck diameter. Made with or without bases. 1Sq. Ft. Heat Surface 0 Ent. Air-- 5 lb. Steam B.t.u. per Hr. Maximum Speed "c D5 *o 6 ol Z< 5 Qu Gu ci X $ s* 2 180 3.870 346.000 1.580 2.2 1.800 1.400 2-A 260 3,870 395.000 1.580 2.2 1.800 1.700 3 260 5,530 495.000 1.300 3.1 1.800 1.800 VA 360 5.530 560.000 1.300 3.1 1.800 2.200 3-B 520 5.530 620.000 1.300 3.1 1.800 3 000 4 520 9.820 925.000 980 5.5 1,200 3.200 4-A 880 9.820 1.080.000 980 3.5 1,200 5.000 4-B 1.040 9.820 1.130.000 980 5.5 1.200 5.800 5 1,040 19.640. 1.850.000 980 11.0 1.200 6.200 York Metal Drying Trays York Cyclone Dust Collector Sizes 6 in. to 60 in. inlet diameter. Made with or without weather cap and supporting frame. York Metal Drying Trays, with pat ented nesting corners, may be stacked on a batten as high as desired without liability of toppling. They can then be moved as a unit without rehandling each individual tray. . Patented corners provide uniform space between trays, thus insuring perfect air circulation without use of shelves, special trucks, etc.' York Trays can be furnished with solid or perforated bottoms--made of any special metal. Heaters, Gas, Water EverHot Heater Company Detroit, Mich. Branches and Distributors In AU Large Cities EverHot Gas Fired, Automatic Storage Water Heaters Product--EverHot Automatic Water Heaters. . EverHot Junior, for homes with one bath room. Storage capacity 20 gal., heating capacity 60 gal. per hr., 60 raise. Model 32, for large residences, restau rants, etc. Storage capacity 32 gal., heat ing capacity 120 gal. per hr., 60 raise. Description--Boiler shells are 10 gage, heads 8 gage copper bearing steel. Boilers are galvanized inside and out. They are riveted and welded and tested at 200 lb. pressure. The burner is a specially designed, semi-bunsen type which burns with a non-carbonizing flame. Only a limited amount of primary air is ad mitted through the bunsen tubes, allowing of an un limited turn down without backfir ing. The tubes are-placed in pairs which incline towardseachother so that the jets of each pair impinge. A partial vacuum, created at the point of impingement, induces the neces sary amount of secondary air for perfect combustion. Operation--When the heater is first started, the burner operates at. full capa city. As the temperature of the. water approaches the set temperature, the thermo valve gradually closes Off the gas. Whenever hot water is drawn the cold water, entering the boiler, causes the ther mo valve to open. Gas is admitted to the burner which operates until the water is again heated. Features--As the water in storage is always hot, the service is immediate. Hot water is delivered at the same pressure as cold. The heat generated by the pilot, which burns approximately ft. of gas per hr., keeps the water in storage hot. The temperature control is so perfect that there is never a difference of more than five degrees in the temperature of the. water at the top and at the bottom of the boiler. EverHot Heaters deliver practi cally all the water in storage without change in temperature. Stack temperatures average about 100 deg. above the temperature of the water. Condensation is practically eliminated. As overheating of the water is prevented, precipitation of lime is reduced to the minimum. HEATER CAPACITY, DIMENSIONS AND INFORMATION FOR INSTALLATION The flueway is the cylindrical space between the boiler and the inner shell. It connects with the vent through the flue chamber at the top. The entire heater is insulated with a thick blanket of rock wool packed between the inner and outer shells. In addition to being a good insulator, this material has a high refractory value. The thermostat is a simple, graduated type with a copper tube as the expansion member and a carbon rod as the fixed member. . . Both models may be connected direct or reheating. Two or more units may be connected in parallel on large installations. 262 Heaters, Water Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. 119 Clinton St., BUFFALO, N. Y. sectional view The Excelso Water Heater, consists of a heavy copper coil heating element fitted in a cast iron shell by means of patented ground joint connections. All parts are interchangeable and easily accessible. Connected on the out side of steam or vapor boilers the Excelso elimi nates the fire pot coil and insures a constant supply of domestic hot water all during the heating season at an even temperature. The. Excelso method of generating domestic water is so satisfactory and the expense. so trifling that boiler manufacturers and heating engineers generally are recommending its use. The New Heavy Duty Double Coil Heater--For big ger installations-- for apartment houses, buildings and other places where large quanti ties of hot water are required. These larger heat ers are made in three sizes for tank capa cities of 200,300 and 400 gallons. Connecting two or New Double-Coil Heater "more of these heat ers in battery will heat domestic water for most any tank capacity. Special problems involving the use of Excelso Heaters will be given prompt attention by our engineering department. The new heaters take care of installations from 200 to 400 gal. Double the No. 18 up in batteries of two and 800 gal. can easily be heated. These new heaters are built along the same general lines as the famous single coil heaters except that they have a double coil. Excelso Heater Connected to Round Steam Boiler The Excelso Heater can be easily connected below the water line of any steam or vapor heating boiler in any new or old installation. Also used for heating water or . other liquids with live steam up to 25 lb. Excelso Rotary Hack Saw Tool-- Boilers may be easily and quickly tapped by means of Excelso Rotary Hack Saw Tool. Each tool cuts holes for either 1". 1H" or 2" pipe tap. Price *7.50 net. in cluding six blades, . two of each size. Hack Saw Tool Fire Pot Generator Excelso Fire Pot Gen erator--This generator fits any type hot water boiler or hot air furnace, and is so designed as to be entirely above the fire.- Made in two sixes and in either cast iron, galvanized iron or brass. Size No. 1. Up to 40 gallon capacity. Size No. 2. From 40 to 60 gallon capacity. PRICE LIST, CAPACITY AND DIMENSIONS OF EXCELSO WATER HEATERS Weight crate# lb................................... . 11 101/2 5 1 3/4 17 $30 12 14 5 1 V, 23 40 13 ii 'h 6/; 11 Vz 31 50 14 15 6'h l'/2 1 39 60 15 . 19'A m i >A 1 46 70 16 15 9 2 1'/2 68 ISO 17 19 9 2 i'/2 82 160 18 231/. 9 2 l'/i 95 210 HEATING WATER BELOW WATER LINE OF STEAM OR VAPOR BOILERS Temperature rise 100 degrees in 3 hours.__________________________ Size of Heater.................. ............................... Tank Capacity in Gallon* ;.................................... It 30 12 45 13 60 14 15 90 120 16 17 200 300 HEATING WATER WITH LIVE STEAM Temperature rise 100 degrees in 3 hours at f> lb. pressure. Size of Heater.................. Tank Capacity in Gallons 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 50 ____ 75 100 -150 200 300 450 18 400 18 600 INSTRUCTIONS FOR ORDERING HEATERS ` Many tanks are installed too small and heaters should always be ordered to correspond with work required and not size of tank. Also make liberal allowance if circulating system is used. 263 Heaters, Water The Patterson-Kelley Co. 101 Park Avenue New York City Preheaters, Heat Exchangers, Headers for Chemicals, Gases, Oils. Coolers for Brine, Chemicals, Gases, Oil and Water. Hot Water Heaters for all purposes. Pool Heaters and Converters. The Patterson Com bined Hot Water Service and Storage Heater, Type B, is for any service where requirements for hot water are not con stant, or where a large volume must be stored for sudden heavy demands. RELIEF VALVE THERMOMETER MOT WATER OUTLET General Specifications Constructed like a high grade boiler--of heavy steel plate. Steam inlet and outlet chamber is a heavy, grey iron casting. Tube head is a heavy, steel forging into which both ends of each tube are expanded. Tubes are of pure, cold drawn seamless copper and `|Y shaped to provide against contraction and expansion strains. Heater is for any service and in any required size per tables below. Write us for engineering advice. STORAGE CAPACITIES No. Dimensions in Inches Capacity Approx. in Gals. - Wt. in Lbs. No. Dimensions in Inches Capacity in Gals. Approx. Wt. in Lbs. 1s 2S 3S 4S 5S 6S 7S 8S 9S I0S 11 S 12 S 13 S 14 S 13 S 16 S 17 S 18S 19 S 20 S No. 24* 48 24* 60 24* 72 24* 84 30* 60 30* 72 30* 84 30* % 30* 120 36* 72 36* 84 36* 96 . 36* 108 36* 120 36* 144 42* 72 42* 84 42* % 42 x 108 42* 120 94 650 1(8 750 141 850 164 950 180 875 215 1000 255 1150 285 1300 360 1500 310 1250 365 1400 415 1550 475 1700 500 1850 640 2100 430 1500 500 1650 575 1800 650 1950 720 2200 21 S 22 S 23 S 24 S 25 S 26 S 27 S 28 S 29 S 30 S 31 S 32 S 33 S 34 S 35 5 36 S 37 S 38 S 39 S 40 5 42* 144 42* 168 42* 192 48* 96 48* 120 48* 144 48* 168 48* 192 54* 120 54* 144 54* 168 54'* 192 60* 120 60 x 144 60* 168 60* 192 72 * 174 84* 168 96* 168 96* 192 860 1000 1155 750 940 IIV5 1300 1500 1190 1425 1665 1900 1400 1700 2000 2240 3000 4000 5200 6000 2450 2600 3100 2600 2925 3350 3840 4200 3500 3900 4300 4700 4300 4950 5600 6200 7000 8700 10000 11000 HEATING CAPACITIES--40 F. to 180 F.--Steam at Atmospheric Pressure. Gallons per Hour Approx. Wt. in Lbs. | No. Gallons per Hour Approx. Wt. in Lbs. 1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H 8H 9H 10 H 11 H 12 H 13 H 14 H 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 . 1000 1250 1500 1750 200 15 H 2000 700 215 16 H 2500 800 235 17 H 3000 900 255 18 H 3500 1050 285 19 H 4000 1200 315 20 H 4500 1350 350 21 H 5000 1500 370 22 H 6000 1750 400 23 H 7500 2000 425 24 H 10000 3200 450 25 H 12500 3800 500 26 H 15000 . 4500 550 27 H 20000 5100 600 28 H 25000 5600 . NOTE--To specify Type B. Heaters, combine the numbers of the required storage and heating capa cities. For example. "One Patterson Type B. Heater with No. 22 S. and No. 17.H." has 1000 gallons storage with 3000 gallons hourly heating capacity. 264 Heaters, Water Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Buffalo, N. Y. Represented in all Principal Cities Heaters, Condensers, Coolers, Water Strainers, Heat Exchangers, Evaporators, Vacuum Pumps and Expansion Joints for all Services. Ross Radial Flow Instantaneous Heater Instantaneous Heaters cover a very wide field* in fact a large per cent of services can be taken care of with this type even though no attempt is made to carry a supply of the heated liquid in reserve or storage. A few of the services are: Hot water service supply for hotels, factories, hospitals, schools, apartment buildings, etc. Water for hot water heating systems for either forced or gravity circulation. Oil for pipe lines, storage stations, fuel oil burning apparatus, etc. Boiler feed water for high or low pressure. Water for swimming pools. Sugar juice in cane or beet sugar houses. Chemical com pounds of all kinds, etc. Straight tubes are used and they are accessible at both ends. Ross Storage Type Heater The Ross Storage Heater meets a condition where it is desirable to store up and have in reserve a supply of hot water. This heater is made in various combinations of storage tanks and heating elements so as to meet any condition of service. The heating element is located on the bottom and extends practically the full length of the tank. The entire heating element can be removed for cleaning or repairs. The tubes are straight and expanded into both tube sheets, one of which is of the floating type. 265 Ross Healer & Mfg. Co., Inc. Heaters and Expansion Joints Sectional view Ross Crosshead-Guided single expansion joint, without anchor. The Ross Crosshead-Guided Expansion Joint is a high grade fitting for taking care of the expansion and contraction in pipe lines due to changes in temperature. These Ross fittings are made for all pipe sizes. The above sectional view Shows the construc tion, the principal feature being the guiding of the slip tube to insure prefect alignment in its travel through the packing box, which is extra deep. The periphery of the slip tube flange is machined to an accurate fit with the machined inner surface of the guide. The flanges are of the well-known-Van Stone type. The Ross Crosshead-Guided Expansion Joint is so constructed that it can be easily packed or the packing adjusted without removing it from the pipe line. This is one of the many distinctive features found only in Ross Fittings. It is provided with limit rods to prevent the slip tube pulling out of the packing box. All holes drilled from templates--not cored. The Ross Crosshead-Guided Expansion Joint is suitable for pipe lines conveying saturated or superheated steam, water, oil, air, or any fluid subjected to changes in temperature. These fittings are built in three general types--Low Pressure Cast Iron for pressures of 12,5 pounds and lower; High Pressure Cast Iron for pressures from 125 to 250 pounds; High Pressure Cast Steel for extra high pressures and temperatures. All of the above types of joints can be supplied with or without anchor bracket. The length of traverse varies from 4" to 16", depending upon the size and type of fitting. Sectional new Ross 'Crosshead-Guided single expansion joint, with anchor. 266 Heaters, Water The Stack Heater Company BOSTON 39 Sudbury Street MANUFACTURERS OF MASSACHUSETTS Safety Relief. Valves--Thermostats--Gas Water Heaters--Indirect Water Heaters--instantaneous Steam Water Heaters--Non-By-Pass Tees Every type of Stack Water Heater contains a copper coil of spiraling tubes--The ratio of heating surface of these tubes to volume of water passing through them is 20 to I. STACK INDIRECT WATER HEATER-- "from kitchenette to hotel" ERS-- . .. Homes--Hotels--Apartments--Blocks--Y. M. C. A.--Public Buildings--Country and City Clubs-- - Saves an extra fire during winter months-- Utilizes heat from house heater-- Attaches to steam boilers--hot water boilers--furnaces. _ Maximum amount of hot water required per hour should determine size of heater rather than size of tank which is often too small-- __ Use at least one size larger Heater than shown in table for circulating systems-- SPECIFICATIONS AND PRICES Size D- 6-13 D- 12-13 D- 24-15 D- 37-15 D- 50-15 D- 50-24 D-100-24 0-100-36 D-120-24 D-120-36 Tank Capacity Rated on 3 Hrs. 40 60 too 200 300 400 600 750 1000 1200 1 Hr. 15 24 40 80 120 150 250 300 400 500 Shell Open ing Hot Water Con nections Length \* ws w IVY 2' r w 2i/Y 3" 3" Va' Va* r 1 Va" w w 2' V 3" 3" 18' 18' 24' 24' 24' 36' 36'* 44' 36* 44' Shell Diameter ' Openings on Center 4' 6' 6' 8' lO' lO' i m' 13V? n/i- ' 13' 13' 15' 15' 15' 24' 24' 36' 24' 36* Weight Lbs. 18 24 32 50 60 70 120 160 200 250 List $18.00 23.50 40.00 70.00 100.00 150.00 310.00 360.00 400.00 500.00 STACK INSTANTANEOUS STEAM WATER HEATER a simple, efficient device for supplying clean, hot water. USERS-- Factories -- Institutions -- Hotels -- Restaurants -- Clubs--Turkish Baths -- Office Buildings--Steam Laundries--Ocean Liners--Battleships--Bleach and Dye Works . --Finishing Plants and other Industrial Requirements. Works efficiently on exhaust or high pressure steam-- Steam does not mix with the water--it merely transfers its heat to the water in the copper tubes-- * Steam is used only while water is being drawn-- No moving parts or expansion joints. Steam pressure must at all times be less than water pressure and condensation must have a free get away. - Suitable pressure relief valve should be installed. Full flow of steam must be on heater at all times-- Installation of separate steam trap is recommended. FOR WATER PRESSURES UP TO 250 LB.AND STEAM PRESSURES UP TO 100 LB. WATER PRESSURE MUST EXCEED STEAM PRESSURE No. IS-12-48 1S-37-36 IS-50-36 Water Inlet and Outlet Vi Va y Steam . Gals. Con Min. 5-10 nections Lbs. Steam V/a 6 l Vi 12 2 15 Cals. Min. 30 Lbs. Steam 8 16 20 Length Diameter Weight List 6' 4' 601b. $150.00 5' 5' 1001b. 250.00 5' 7' 120 lb. 350.00 THE STACK SAFETY RELIEF VALVE-- prevents explosions due to excessive water pressure-- Replaces-one hot water faucet. No separate drain connections. Price.............................................................. -..................................$600 TRADE MARK STACK REO. U. S. PAT. OFF. 267 Heaters, Water Thermal Appliance Company / /Incorporated / %/' Sales Offices: 342 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK . 332 S. Michigan Ave.. CHICAGO 7 East 42nd St.. NEW YORK TACO WATER HEATER For heating domestic water with the same fire that heats the home or building. There is a TACO for any steam, vapor, vacuum, hot water or hot air heating plant. Types for each heating system are classified below. DOMESTIC TACO Domestic TACOS and Apartment TACOS are connected below the water line of steam, vapor or vacu um heating boilers, capacity 30 to 960 gal. Receive the heat from the boiler at night as well as dur ing the. day and in mild weather, as no steam pres sure is required. No benefit is derived from the coal used to bank the fire over night unless a TACO is used. Also recommended for heat ing hot-water radiators in connection with steam-heating boilers for bath l> H rinsn\ ^' rooms, garages, etc. Domestic TACO^-- Apartment Taco Capacity 30 to 160 Boiler gals. ' No. and Coil on cover--1200 of Tank Water tested connection. fan- Size Con- Apartment TACO---Capacitv 320 to 960 gals. Hies nections Copper U tubes expanded into Bronze tube plate. Easily removable for clean ing. 12 320 2" 25 640 w 40 960 3" Domestic Taco List No. Capacity Price 30 30 $15.00 1 40 20.00 2 80 30.00 3 160 50.00 Patents Pending. Amount of hot water used in an apartment house varies. Capacity as stated is an average for a 4 or 5 room apartment having one bath and kitchen with usual fixtures, oc cupied by one family. For inter mediate or larger capacities, any number of TACOS may be installed in a battery. FLO-LINE TACO Flo-Line TACO Heaters are for connection in the main outlet of steam or vapor heating boilers. The steam, circulating about the coil which is connected directly with the range boiler or tank, thus heats the domestic water and main tains a full tank of hot water at a uniform temperature. Body of heater is sufficiently large so the pipe area is not restricted. Water will be successfully heated at night or in mild weather from vapor from boiler when no steam is being generated in boiler. No. Capac ity List Price 01 60 $25.00 02 120 35.00 03 240 55.00 Tank must be con nected above FloLine heater. UNIVERSAL TACO Recommended for use in the fire-pot of hot-water, heating boilers for attachment to thirty and sixty-gallon range boilers. The No. 9-30 and 9-60 are furnished with studs for round boilers having coil openings 9" c. toe.; 0-9-30, 6-9-60 without studs for round boilers having (coil openings) 6. 9 or more inches c. to c. The No. 3-30 and 3-60 for use with square boilers of any type. All types and sizes are malleable iron6--9--30 and 0-9-60 in Brass also. 9-30; 6-9-30; 3-30--...... 30 gal. 9-60; 6-9-60; 3-60........... 60 gal. TACO TOOL For use when tapping Boiler. Comes in three sizes: 1", \W and IW. Where stocks are carried: TACO is carried in stock by all leading boiler and radiator manufacturers at their branch showrooms; and by leading jobbing supply houses. 268 l Heating Systems D. & T. Manufacturing Company 3001 La Salle Street St. Louis, Mo. ORIGINAL TANK IN BASEMENT SYSTEM Placing the expansion tank in the basement on hot water installations is destined'to become the one general method. WHY NOT GET INTO THE GAME? Eleven years' experience and up wards of 80,000 D. & T. Tank-in-theBasement Systems in successful opera tion throughout the United States and Canada, should be sufficient proof of the success of this system to the most skeptical heating engineer or contractor. The D. & T. System is efficient, simple and foolproof. Send for booklet entitled, "Pro gress in Hot Water Heating." The Superior Air Sealed Pressure Controller is absolutely dependable, opening freely after long periods of inactivity. There is no danger of the con troller failing to relieve. This Air Sealed Pressure Controller is different from all other relief devices. As you will note, by reference to the sectional view, the opening of the valve is effected by the pressure on the diaphragm. This diaphragm being the well-known flexible type, has sufficient flexibility to allow the disc to raise up off the seat a full inch. This insures positive relief when the predetermined point is reached. This disc is made of a composition which will stand a temperature of 300 deg. fahr. The seat is made of the well-known non-corrosion Monel metal, which is self-cleaning and assures proper action at all times. The disc is 1 in. in diameter and the bellows which lifts the disc from the seat is 2^ in. in diameter, there by giving a lifting power 6)^ times greater than the area of the disc. 269 Heating Systems Reading Heater & Supply Incorporated GENERAL OFFICES Woodward and Church Streets Reading, Pa. Go. Manufacturers and Distributors of The Reading Tank-in-the-Basement Systems for Hot Water Heating and The Reading All-Metal Temperature Regulator for Hot Water Heaters, Domestic Heaters and Storage Tanks, Wholesale Dealers in Boilers, Radiators and Heating Specialties. The Reading Tank-in-the- Basement Sys tem, for Hot Water Heating, is a long step in advance of the old method of placing the Ex pansion Tank above the high est radiator, in that it removes the tank to the basement, obviating many objectionable features and removing the liability of fracture by freezing of the expansion line or overflow- The Reading Tank is proportioned ac cording to the amount of radiating sur face on the job, and provides ample air space to allow for expansion. The gauge glass enables the operator to detect any air leakage and to maintain a sufficient air space. .. The Reading Relief Valve permits a slight pressure on the system, even when the water is cold. This means increased efficiency and prevents the accumulation of air in the upper radiators. The in creased pressure will not cause leaks as the air cushion prevents undue strains. We furnish complete instructions for in stallation. Capacities and Prices (Subject to trade discount) No- 1. 300 to 500 ft. of Radiation $38 No. 2. 500 to 800 ft. of Radiation 40 "No. 3. 800 to 1,000 ft. of Radiation 41 No. 4. 1,000 to 1,300 ft. of Radiation 45 No. 5. 1,300 to 1,800 ft. of Radiation 50 . No. 6. 1,800 to 2,600 ft. of Radiation 56 In ordering Reading Tank-in-the-Basement Systems the following information is required: Amount of radiation on job, square feet; number of stories to be heated. The Reading All-Metal Regulator can be used to control water temperature in any system, regardless of pressure car ried. -The Regulator is easily applied and the action is sensitive .and reliable. We will be glad to send a catalog-describ ing our complete line of Specialties, upon request. Our Engineering Department will welcome the opportunity to assist the :trade in difficult problems pertaining to our line, and we invite such inquiries. We carry a large stock of boilers of all capacities, Round or Sectional, and can make prompt shipments. interior l//*v ?AOtM? ALL SfLTAL 270 l REGULATOR Humidifiers The Bahnson Company Winston-Salem, N. C. New York Sales Office: 437 Fifth Avenue Bahnson Humidifiers The Bahnson Co. specializes on Bahn son Humidifiers, which are supplied in units of only one size. Varying conditions of use are met by mechanically inter changeable motors for different current . supply, and by supporting hangers for mounting the machines on round columns, square columns, walls, or for support from ceiling o'r floor. of the disc, and is practically independent of the amount of water fed to the machine, Bahnson Humidifiers possess the unique feature of an adjustable water supply. The percentage of the feed water thrown out in particles is the same regardless of the actual amount of such feed water, so that without sacrificing efficiency the evaporation may be adjusted at any point Reproduction unrelouched photograph of Bahnson Humidifier in operation Bahnson Humidifier mounted on corner of square column Each Bahnson Humidifier is a complete, self-contained humidifying unit, operated by its individual motor, with its own ac curate, dependable humidity control. On ' one end of the motor shaft is a conical disc 16 in. in diameter and on the other end a propeller type fan. Water, prefera bly at pressures below 25 lb. per sq. in., is fed through the controlling mechanism to the center of the revolving disc and is thrown by centrifugal force from the rim to the disc against a series of stationary copper teeth surrounding but not touching &he disc. This impact breaks up the water into very fine particles which, in the form of mist or fog, are blown out into the room by the fan. The water is actually evapo rated in the room itself. Since the speed of the water striking the teeth depends on the peripheral speed from a few drops per minute up to the maximum capacity of the humidifier. The horizontal movement of air pro duced by the fan renders it easy to ar range an equipment of Bahnson Hu midifiers so as to get a complete circu lation all around the room, and the com bination of this circulation with the auto matic control on each unit insures not only constant humidity, but also remark ably uniform distribution. The Bahnson Co's, engineers will gladly submit proposals based on architect's drawings or sketch plans. The number of units required in any room depends upon the length,-breadth and ceiling height, the process carried on in the room, and the relative humidity required at a specified temperature. 271 Insulating Materials Celite Products Company NEW YORK, 11 Broadway CHICAGO, 53 W. Jackson Blvd. SAN FRANCISCO, Monadnock Bldg. Baltimore. Md.. 1120 Munsey Bldg. Boston. Mass.. 79 Milk St. Buffalo. New York, Lafayette Bldg. Cincinnati. O., Neave Bldg. Cleveland. O., Bulkley Bldg. Denver, Col.. Symes Bldg. Detroit. Mich.. Book Bldg. Houston. Texas, 314 West Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal.. 1135 Van Nuys Bldg. New Orleans, La.. Whitney Central Bank Bldg. Philadelphia. Pa., Bulletin Bldg. Pittsburgh. Pa.. Keenan Bldg. St. Louis, Mo., Railway Exchange . Bldg. . CELITE PRODUCTS LIMITED Windsor House. Victoria Street. London, England. 417 New Birks Bldg., Montreal. Que.. Canada. Description-- Sil-O-Cel is a heat insulation or a heat retardant. It is ex tremely light in weight, of exceptionally low thermal conductivity and is adapted to the effective and per manent insulation of all heated equipment without change in de sign. It is produced from the mineral Celite in brick, block, powder, coarse grade, and ce ment form for all heat insulation require ments. Sil-O-Cel Insulating Brick-- Made in standard fire brick sizes and are used as insulating backing for the refrac tory in all types of heated equipment. When suitably waterproofed these brick are admirably adapted for low tempera ture work and refrigeration equipment. Sil-O-Cel Insulating Powder-- This powder is manufactured from the mineral Celite in such a manner as to preserve its cellular structure. When properly packed, vibration or heat will not cause it to settle or shrink. Sil-O-Cel Coarse Grade-- This grade has the same high insulating qualities as Sil-O-Cel Insulating Brick and Powder. It is granular in form and packs easily without dusting.. It is also used for fire-proofing and sound deadening in build ing construction. Sil-O-Cel Blocks-- Made in sizes 6 x 18 in. and 6 x 36 in., 1 in., 1H in., 3 in. and 3.in. thick. They are a bonded form of Sil-O-Cel suitable when a high temperature insulation is re quired in large sections. Sil-O-Cel C-5 Concrete-- Sil-O-Cel C-3 is a semi-refractory material of high insulating value, prepared in granular form. Mixed with 20 per cent by volume of Portland cement and moistened, the con crete thus formed provides an excellent means for insulating furnace doors, bases and under certain con ditions as the walls of dryers, etc. Sil-O-Cel Insulating Cements-- Adaptable for the insulation of irregular surfaces or in places where other Sil-O-Cel products are not suit able. These cements are prepared in three grades as follows: Sjl-0-:Cel Sticking Cement (First Coat) S5% Sil-O-Cel Insulating Cement (Second Coat) Sil-O-Cel Hard Finish Cement (Third Coat) Celite High Temperature Cements-- These cements are mixtures of ceramic materials scientifically compounded for laying and facing fire brick work in boiler settings, furnaces, etc. Celcote-- Celcote is an elastic adhesive coating material used for covering outer brick surfaces to prevent an infiltration and for waterproofing Sil-O-Cel insulation where exposed to the weather or subjected to the influence of dampness. Advantages of Insulation-- Sil-O-Cel Insulating Products prevent heat loss and increase the output of the equipment, save fuel, improve working conditions and insure more accurate con trol of temperature. Engineering Service-- An engineering department is main tained under the supervision of competent Insulation Engineers, which will supply specific technical or engineering infor mation on Celite Products, Address nearest office. Insulating Materials JOHNS-MAN VILLE Incorporated New York City BRANCHES IN 59 CITIES JOHNS-MANVILLE ASBESTO-SPONGE FELTED SECTIONAL PIPE INSULATION An efficient and durable insulation for insulating saturated and superheated steam pipes and surfaces at temperatures up to 750 deg. fahr.' Made of layers of thin felt, composed of asbestos fibre and particles of finely ground spongy material forming an extremely cellular felt, built up in laminated form, thus confininga large volume of minute dead air cells in the felt and between the layers. . Because of its construction, and unlike insulations of the molded type, Johns-Man ville Asbesto-Sponge Felted is tough, flexible and practically indestructible in service. Pipe vibration and the general wear and tear to which insulation in factories is subjected will not pulverize Asbesto-Sponge Felted or break it away from the pipe. Even if sub jected to excessive moisture or saturated with water it will dry out and regain its initial efficiency. Whenever necessary it can be removed from the pipes and replaced without injury to its insulating value. JOHNS-MANVILLE IMPROVED ASBESTOCEL SECTIONAL PIPE INSULATION For insulating pipes conveying steam at medium or low pressures, or hot water. Improved Asbestocel is made up of a multitude of small air cells closed upon them selves by corrugations in both directions, so that each chamber contains dead air which cannot escape. In combination with the asbestos material of which it'i^formed, these dead-air cells make ideal insulation as they prevent the Circulation of air/ which is the great objection to ordinary longitudinal air-cell coverings. It will not easily crush nor lose its strength, and successfully withstands vibration and hard usage. There is the minimum loss by breakage in transportation and application. JOHNS-MANVILLE 85% MAGNESIA SECTIONAL PIPE INSULATION A light-weight efficient insulation of the moulded type made of $5% carbonate of magnesia and 15% asbestos fibre, for insulating steam pipes and surfaces. The Johns-Manville manufacturing process produces an 85% Magnesia with the ` maximum number of voids or minute dead-air cells which increase its natural resistance to heat transmission, and reduce its weight. In addition this process provides maximum mechanical strength consistent with high efficiency. JOHNS-MANVILLE UNDERGROUND SYSTEM OF INSULATION FOR STEAM LINES A complete underground insulation which saves at least 90% of the heat that would be wasted from bare pipes. Consists of a vitried container, asbesto-sponge filling as an insulator, rolls and supports, pits and underdrain. Each system designed and installed by Johns-Manville Inc. . JOHNS-MANVILLE STEAM TRAPS In the Johns-Manville Steam Trap there is little to wear and nothing to adjust. The only moving part is a hollow, seamless ball. The operation of this trap is noiseles. Its size is small in comparison with its capacity. The cast iron models are made in capacities ranging from 700 to 6000 lb. condensate per hour and are suitable for all steam pressures. ' Junior Traps (for steam pressures up to 100 lb.) are made of bronze with A" inlet and outlet pipe connections. Radiator Traps are made to operate at any pressure up to 10 lb. and are equally effective whether used on a vacuum or gravity system. To be used on cast iron radiators only, unless specially ordered for special cases. 273 Insulating Materials Robert A. Keasbey Company ASBESTOS Bank and West Streets NEW YORK CITY . .100 Catherine St,, Syracuse, N. Y. Branches: 54 Church St., Hartford, Conn. Pipe and Boiler Coverings, Heat and Cold Insulation Contracts Executed Argentum Insulation For Underground Piping 85% MAGNESIA PIPE COVERING ASBESTOS ROLLER, SUPPORT! '-WATER-PROOF STAPLES WATER-PROOF CEMENT LOWER HALF OF ASBESTOS ROLLER SUPPORT SHOWING . RIVOULL,LLE,liiRV P LA__T_E_ __A_ND BALLS This System provides a simple and logical method of insulating underground steam >r hot water pipes in connection with Central Heating Plants, large Institutions, Schools, UnivTerhsiistietys,peHoosfpinitaslusl,aGtioanraginesa, emtco.dified form is exce. llent for piping running in unex cavated portions or buried in ground subject to dampness under buildings. Specifications, data and prices furnished upon request. BROKEN STONE FILL 274 Insulating Materials Keasbey & Mattison Company Ambler, Penna. K & M FEATHERWEIGHT 85% MAGNESIA PIPE AND BOILER COVERING AND AMBLER ASBESTOS PRODUCTS "If it's made of Asbestos, we've got it" BRANCH OFFICES: Boston, Mass. Baltimore, Md. . Buffalo, N. Y. Chicago. 111. Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich. Minneapolis, Minn. Milwaukee, Wis. New York, N. Y. Norfolk, Va. Philadelphia, Penna. Pittsburgh. Penna. Pacific Coast Offices . Sharon Bldg., San Francisco 201 Douglas Bldg., Los Angeles Syracuse. N. Y. Washington, D. C. Wilkes-Barre, Penna. Toronto. Canada Alaska Bldg.. Seattle Southwestern Distributor: R*. V. Aycock Company, Kansas City, St. Louis, Tulsa, Houston Asbestos Fiber, Crude and Carded Ambler Asbestos Thread and Yarn . Ambler Asbestos Cloth, Metallic and Plain Ambler Asbestos Selvedge Edge Tape PRODUCTS Ambler Asbestos Wick and Rope Packing . Ambler Asbestos Braided Tubing Ambler Asbestos Gaskets, Woven and Compressed Ambler Asbestos, Sheet packing. Plain and Metallic Ambler Asbestos Compressed Packing t Ambler Asbestos Felt Ambler Asbestos Papier Ambler Asbestos Millboard K. & M. Featherweight 85% Magnesia Pipe .and Boiler Coverings i Ambler Asbestos Products --This trade name covers an extensive list of as bestos manufactures, both textile and felt ed, meeting every im aginable need of the heating engineer. These products are made of asbestos from the famous Bell Asbestos Mines, Thetford, Canada, owned and operated by us, and represent a manu facturing experience of more than 40 years. This experience and the service of a corps of chemical and engineering experts are at your disposal. K&M 85% Magnesia Coveringsin standard thickness can be de pended on to save from 75 to 97 per cent of the total heat wasted by bare % pipes. TABLE SHOWING THE WEIGHTS ESTAB LISHED BY K & M MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR 85 PER CENT MAG NESIA SECTIONAL AND BLOCK COVERINGS 85% Magnesia Sectional Covering 3 feet long 85% Magnesia Sec tional Blocks. I Square Foot K&M Featherweight 85% Magnesia Coverings--Theefficiencyof an insulating covering depends primarilyon the number K. &M. K. &M. K. & M. Size warranted weight Size warranted Thick warranted weight ness weight for Sec. for Site. perSq. Ft. of dead-air cells. Through the use of carded asbestos fiber of selected grade, we are enabled to get the necessary structural strength in our Magnesia Coverings with a minimum amount of asbestos fiber and a maximum amount of carbonate of mag- I nesia. Chemical tests show the magnesia | content of K & M Featherweight Mag- ; nesia Coverings to be always well in 'A' y." \* iw w V 2i/,' y 1.41 1.5 1.8 2.125 2.25 3 3.5 4 5 4" 4Vl 5" 6* V 8" 9T 10' 5.5 Vl* .763 6 'A' none milled 7 r 1.256 8 1 Va* 1.59 10 w 1.59 12 w 1.938 13 2' 2.596 14 2Vi 3.25 4' 6.11 excess of 85 per cent and running as high as 90 to 91 per cent. Some magnesia coverings offered run as low as 70 to 75 per cent in carbonate of magnesia. Tests show that the purchaser is warranted in paying ten per cent more for the .lighter K&M Featherweight 85% Magnesia covering is available in half sections for standard size? of pipe to 10 in. in diameter; in segments for larger pipe and for other curved surfaces; in blocks for flat surfaces and flat boilers; and in the form of plastic or fibrous powder for application to joints and other irregular surfaces. and more efficient covering. Don't pay Requests for descriptive literature for inert weight in your coverings. "The and advice on specific needs cordially lighter they weigh, the better they pay." invited. 275 Insulating Materials THE Rtc-wiL COMPANY GUARDIAN BUILDING. CLEUELAND. OHIO Agents in Principal Cities -- Refer to local telephone directory. cA Complete Covering System For Saving Heat-Loss From Underground Pipes Products Manufacturers of Ric-wiL Interlocking Conduit, Ric-wrL Interlocking Base Drain, Ric-wiL Underground Pipe Covering and Ric-wiL Interlocking Pipe Sup ports used in the Ric-wiL Method of Insulating Underground Steam and Hot Water -Pipes. We make complete installations or ' furnish materials only- ~~n ! TM ,,, Rtc-wiL Interlocking Conduit is No. 1 quality, standard weight, vitrified salt glazed pipe,of the bell and spigot type. It is shipped on the job in full round sections and split into top and bottom halves when used. The top half has an overhang that interlocks with the bottom half to prevent shifting, to make a wide cement joint and to prevent water from getting in. Every sixth section of con duit has an opening in the bottom for the pipe support. RlC-WlL Interlocking Base Drain is No. 1 quality vitrified salt glazed tile, of such a design that is both a base for supporting and aligning the conduit and a drain for the ground water. Two points of support for the conduit add 35% to the ground load, which the conduit will carry safely, as compared to a rock bed. The top of the base drain has a slot in it into which the bell of the conduit fits, so the sections of conduit and base drain stagger, and a strong interlocking construction results. The base drain has liberal drainage area and it makes a splendid foundation to build upon. RlC-WlL Pipe Covering The insulating materials used for Types DA and DF, which is moulded to the inside of the tile pipe, is a mixture of diatomaceous earth, which is an excellent natural barrier to the passage of heat. It is not damageable by water, and it will not deteriorate. With Types DF and F the insulating material which is packed around the steam pipe or pipes is Ric-wtL Conduit Filler. It is highly efficient, reasonable in cost and easily applied. For Type SPC we furnish any desired standard make oi sectional pipe covering of any thickness. RlC-WlL Pipe Supports The simplicity and practical features of our pipe support appeal to the engineer because it is mechanically correct, it ap peals to the contractor because it is easily, installed, and it appeals to the owner be cause the price is right. Standard Equipment--Approximate In. Diameter 2 Pines 3 Pipes 4 iX XX None 6 3 XK None 8 iSMK ifMK-i 10 - 6 2-2 2-2-lX 12 8 3-3 3-3-1X 15 10 4-4 4-4-2 18 12 5-5 5S-2X 20 14 6-6 6-6-3 22 16 7-7 7-7-354 24 18 8-8 8-8-4 ' mD*#AvTvOIT**-*0T"ii MCHOOIIUUOkPCOUOlPlff tO MnktOUWLRMOMMCWltD* ATAftOAffO - SMtCATUeIOoOvMt*iA-u-ML- PIPE. SUFOOPT WTTYMPeEM. tDOARAt* TYPE. F .... T YPP__At_CO_K_PCOymvKAiHIR 5ct FOUR TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TO MEET ALL CONDITIONS. 276 Metal Weather Strips Monarch Metal Products Company 5020 Penrose St. St. Louis, Mo. Direct Sales Offices in Eighty Cities _ . ______________ Dilips anu ii.id.aLiu \_aiKing compound wnen applied to and around windows and doors, establishes the maximum infiltration or air. change on which the necessary amount of radiation is based. Engineering science, therefore, must determine on air INFILTRATION VERSUS SINGLE AIR CHANGE, OR PROVEN FACTS VERSUS THEORETICAL ESTIMATES. 60 No. Strip A Room, Wall, Crack Aperture, Glass, Ceiling, 15 x 15 x 10 = 2250 cu. ft 300 net 264 ' 42 ft. 36 36 225 . Two windows, 3x6, crack aperture, 2 x 21' x }" Wind velocity, 20 miles per hr. 65 Monarch Rib Strip No. 404 B No. Rib Monarch Strip Strip Strip Infiltration per hr. per ft. of crack 114 cu. ft. 55.8 cu. ft. 24 cu. ft. 70 Monarch Adjustable Strip No. 400 C 15 sec. 38", 2 col. 59 rad. Wall, Glass, Crackln- filtration, Ceiling, 5540 B.t.u. 2520 " 6900 " 4725 " 5540 B.t.u. 5540B.t.u 2520 " 2520 " 3375 " 4725 " 1450 " 4725 " Total, 19,685 B.t.u. 16,160 B.t.u. 14,135 B.t.u. ^ _ _f___ _ nui.g iiicivno, Laav ments and Doors are equipped with Stand ard Monarch Equipment to prevent the in-leakage of air, dust, soot and rain. Distribution--There are 80 licensees in the principal cities of the country. All carry complete stocks. . Service--A contract with an authorized licensee places the responsibility entirely with the Company to deliver a practical and successful job. . Installation--The greatest care is exer cised in the selection of men to be Monarch mechanics. Every mechanic is trained under an instructor in the installation of Monarch Metal Weather Strips before he is permitted to do work on his own respon sibility. 1I / T r ----- -- \ AS -AO e ~c w 7 ftu 7? ' ft 7 riL . ( .> // e 4-- lJ / T * A re 11 c ** rftrv /* e* r <V4 A 5. A /n y 41 t* y !5?At/A Aft V S' y Cost--The first cost of Monarch Metal Weather Strips is the final cost. This is to 3 S ; -- done by strict adherence to our four fundamentals: (1) MACHINE MADE FIT of co-operating members; (2) Self Adjustment to varying window conditions; (3) Co operation of treatments; (4) Careful analysis of non-rusting metals. Monarch equip ments when considered as to function and utility, are, as all good things, extraordinarily low in cost over a period of years. 277 Monarch Metal Products Company Metal Weather Strips Comparison of fuel quantities and costs to heat air entering various sliding sash windows, as air infiltration or in-leakage. Assuming 65% overall efficiency of heating plant. , Window, Wind, B.t.u. to raise 1 cu. ft. air from zero to 70, B.t.u. per lb. best coal, Duration Heating Season (24 hr. per day). Cost Coal, . Overall efficiency of heating plant, Net B.t.u.-- 13,080 x .65 = 8500 B.t.u. effective. Leakage-- Unstripped window, Monarch Rib Strip, No. 404, Monarch Adjustable Strip, No. 400, 3' x 7' Crack 23 lin. feet 20 miles per hour 1.439 13,080 130 days $6.00 per ton 65% (high) 114 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack 55.8 " " " " " . " 24 *.....................: ` . . 23 x 114 x 1.439 = 0.445 sq. ft. coal per hour 8500 0.445 x 24 x 130 2000 1385 2000 .694 tons per season $6.00 x .694 = $4.16 per season Unstripped Window "A' 23 x 55.8x1.439 = 0.218 sq. ft. coal per hour 8500 0.218 x 24 x 130 680 2000 1 2000 0.34 tons per season $6.00 X .34 = $2.04 per season 23 x 24 x 1.439 8500 0:0935 sq. ft. coal per hour 0.0935 x 24 x 130 0.292 2000 ` 2000 0.146 tons per season $6.00 x 0.146 = $.875 per season Monarch Adjustable Strip No. JfiO "C" v Using the figures above, comparisons may be drawn between the old method of using air change and the new method of infiltration, that the air changes are dependent directly on the lineal footage of window cracks. For instance, a room having four windows would require four times as much radiation for air change as another room with a single window of the same size, irrespective of the cubical contents of the room. Heating specifications should provide, that the owner or architect guarantee the efficiency of the window to insure the satisfactory operation and low cost of a heating plant. ` ' 27R ' . Motors and Controllers GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY Schenectady New York Sprague Ventilating Equipments From the early efforts at ventilating large buildings twenty years ago to the present day, the Sprague Engineers have been co-operating with archi tects and engineers in the making of practical venti lating equipment. Resulting installations are now found in many well known hotels, office buildings and department stores, where they have distin guished themselves for exceptional reliability and economnical operation. ` Three typical pieces of modern Sprague equipment are illustrated below: . Sprague Electric controllers for varying speed A. C. fan motors with magnetic main line contractor, under-voltage and overload protection, large number of speed steps, and complete enclosure of live parts are the ideal equipment for architects and engineers to . specify when the circuit is alternating current. The Sprague type LC D. C. slow speed motor is es pecially adapted for driving ventilating fans. The steel field, laminated poles, commuttaing poles, substantial end-brackets, correct oiling systems, ideal electrical de sign, well built commutatprs, rigidly supported brush holders--these insure a long life, lowest possible current consumption and the smallest maintenance charges. Sprague Electric remote controlled push button operated, automatic self-starting speed regulators (D. C. here illustrated) for either A. C. or D. C. motors are being used to an increasing extent. These control lers are simple in operation, .with negligible up-keep expense, and control the motor, at any desired pre determined speed, from a remote point. They are destined to be adopted generally for all classes of work to supplement manually operated controllers as the standard for the future. - Wc shall be glad to co-operate with Architects and Engineers in laying out their Ventilating Equipments. 279 Motors and Controllers The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company EAST PITTSBURGH, PA. Albany. N. Y. Atlanta. Ga. Bakersfield. .Cal. Baltimore. Md. Birmingham. Ala. Bluefield. W. Va. Boston, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn. Buffalo. N. Y. Burlington, la. Butte. Mont. Canton, O. Cedar Rapids. la. Charleston, W. Va. Charlotte. N. C. Chattanooga. Tenn. Chicago, III. Cincinnati. O. Cleveland, O. Columbus, O. WESTINGHOUSE SALES OFFICES Dallas. Tex. Dayton, O- . Denver, Colo. Des Moines. la. Detroit, Mich. Duluth. Minn. El Paso. Tex. Elmira. N. Y. Fort Wayne, Ind. Fresno. Cal. Hammond, Ind. Hartford. Conn. Houston, Tex. Huntington. W. Va. Indianapolis. Ind. Jackson, .MichJacksonville, Fla. Kansas City. Mo. Little Rock. Ark. Louisville, Ky. Los Angeles. Cal. Memphis, Tenn. Middlesboro. Ky. Milwaukee. Wis. Minneapolis, Minn. Newark. N. J. New Haven, Conn. New Orleans. La. New York. N. Y. Niagara Falls, N. Y. Omaha. Neb. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh. Pa. Portland, Ore. Raleigh. N. C. Richmond. Va. . Rochester. N. Y. Rock Island. 111. St. Louis, Mo. Salt Lake City. Utah San Antonio. Tex. Seattle. Wash. . Spokane. Wash. Springfield. 111. Springfield. Mass. Syracuse. N. Y. Tacoma, Wash. Toledo, O. Tucson. Ariz. Tusla, Okla. Utica. N. Y. Washington, D. C. Wichita. Kans. Wilkesbarre, Pa. Worcester. Mass. Youngstown. O.. Hawaiian Electric Ca. Ltd.. Honolulu, T. H. --Agent Motor. and Control lor all Kind, ol Ventilating Eqnipmont, Elevator., Pimp., tc. SK Motor Driving Exhaust Fan Controlled yv by Type HS Panel. The Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. is in position to furnish complete electrical equipment for operating ventilating ap pliances, from the small blower forventlating a single room to the automatic system for conditioning the air for the largest building. The motors and. controllers offered for this service have been especially designed to suit the power and speed characteristics Ventilating Equipment in Seaboard National Bank New York. of fans and blowers. At the same time, quietness of operation has been retained. The long experience of Westinghouse in making successful applications of ventila ting equipments, is at the service ofHeat ing2and Ventilating Engineers and they are invited to submit their ventilating prob lems to us for recommendations of electrical equipment that will produce the most satisfactory results at minimum cost. Data Desired in Apply ng Ventilating Motors Kind of Current. A-C.--Volt age. Phase, Frequency. D-C.--Voltage. Constant or Varying Speed. If the latter, the speed range and horse-power required at normal or maximum speed. Type, make, speed and size of fan or blower. Motor speed* 280 Method of Connection. Intermittent or Continuous Service. Pipe Fittings Crane Co. Chicago Largest Manufacturers and Distributors of Pipe, Valves and Fittings in the World 0 01 o 06 O Cxi D{<0/j6)} Cxi 06 Q Z<: o lx) z -g O to z ioj Cxi z <06 O C>Q G Cxi X z 06 Pu. .wJ CQ <H G(/) z~ z op Oh 281 FLOW OF STEAM IN POUNDS PER M IN U T E TH R O U G H STAN D AR D A N D E X T R A STRONG'PIPES A N D PRESSURE DROP OF S TE A M IN PO U N D S T H R O U G H 100 F E E T S T A N D A R D A N D E X T R A STRO NG PIPES V E L O C IT Y , 4000 F T . P E R M IN U T E Crane Co. ,. TABLES FU R N IS H E D BY C R AN E CO. ______________________ Pipe Fillings i 9VC V -si N vt v! s s s s CO J<O1 "S s ? pi 3 o o a s A 7- A A A s s -- no 3 s N A ? J1 Psi 7- S' o o s S JAO r 1 A AJO /i e o o A Ss JO A A 8 s As A A t! A 15 5 * N A -Pi PS N pi A 8 A A A A JO PS 30 PS r rs s HI rA rs A ii S' AA ^ s A A S As s e PS S PS <o to s U1 s rA Ml | o SA 8 PS AS' PS N A S Is rs rs PS PA s o PS $ A ? .863 .825 .765 .640 .320 g SIV'. so PS a CO n PS 8 to Ml A >1 PS 8 s A A ots A S PS Ml PI PA PS PS A PS A _ A PS Ats A PS PAS s A to t> MS PS O CO rPsS A A A 9 OO PS pi PS PI Ml AA N A AA A A e S PS AOO - A sPS A s OO Ml MMll o O S PS IS * PI s IS PS S PS A M IA PS ros PS A A er> S' A as Ml S a S PS PS Ml PS g Ios A S' A o PS N s- PS rs cd PS Ml PI PS s A 's rs PS S' A o' A O '-J c < .422 .508 Flow Drop .034 .038 .042 .052 .214 .167 .229 .257 rs PS s PS Ml O PPSS PS s A o PS PA .755 S' S' A A Flow .045 .051 .056 .069 .082 .107 Flow .085 .096 .106 .154 .202 .249 .433 .382 .452 .592 .731 .421 .520 .664 .905 50 75 .600 N ppl PS s CO o 1/1 OO o Ps 3 O A AA A -- A A CO A PA " PS s rs -- 3 A rs S' IP PS 8 SO o IA ao PI PS rA s A A -- o rs A PP PS to PS A f*3 8 A os 8 N O DJ 1/1 s rs s- OO - PS pPl s -- -- A PS IA (S s CO PS OAO oO 3 g A PS PS pp -- Ml to .441 -o PS to A to PS AA A S' PS o S' 8 .193 S AA A A S' r PA PS N IA AA 8 s PPI A < PI rs IS s A PPASS AIs A PA s _ PS - A -- S' S' A O S' Flow .066 .074 .082 Flow .133 .146 .214 .220 .272 ,624 .910 .509 .602 10 518 614 805 908 s MPSl prspl A 8 onIS PS Is PS - -- PS PI Ml A O PS oC PS 8 APS o A NA A oPS s ts A A on A - - -- PS PS PS A A PS u PS A rs 381 597 Flow As A o S' AA PS A - o _o ao i 0o VK Q u. a s 55 LLV 996 999 .250 .260 R PI Ml O 8 2 - - PS * PS A 505 Flow 657 tMv.l s A s SA A 9 - PS P a. PS A A Q O I 0o 1 0 Q E Q E (S Q0 OO QED Flow 0 2 D 00 Q gQ 0 0 2 a Q < - < PS A s- In 282 Drop .027 FLOW OF STEAM IN POUNDS PER M IN U T E THRO UG H STAN D AR D A N D E X T R A STRONG PIPES A N D PRESSURE DROP OF STEAM Crane Co. Pipe Fittings .451 .393 V E L O C IT Y , 5000 FT. PER M IN U T E . ' IN POUNDS T H R O U G H 100 F E E T 'S T A N D A R D A N D E X T R A STRO NG PIPES 00N9) < V v PS <s A s A PS 0. K, C/5 o OA s PS A A PS S' PS o A aPS PS A PPSS 1C A A ?P pi A ACC A to A PN " z - 1567 .686 943.0 1078 .570 FB6* ' 0H<5 WX . 150 175 SA ? AAPS c A op> MS"' A 5 PPSS oS' AS 3 PS PS s O .476 .145 S A A " PS - - PS S s a A A 2.954 c s 3 to tpsop 53.50 83.40 2.743 145.2 1.820 229.6 1.287 1.000 PAS A 1368. 1 9.080 1 17.64 I 16.20 1 10.62 I 22.31 37.30 5.230 49.25 1 5.470 490 1 o AA PS A a S' S = s AA s PS A A A S PS s A 8 rs AS AS' -- 9 ~ Sc rs 1863. 1310. .542 .727 1.066 7.700 tAo 3 PS 17.16 21.61 10.62 29.42 8.160 48.44 5.385 PS I .931 11166. .475 rASs A 11658. .381 645.8 739.0 1.203 1.380 364.7 417.5 1.668 1.910 252.5 289.0 93.30 106.8 2.515 60.45 69.18 3.533 22.75 26.03 3.838 4.392 150 175 1449. 1019. 160.6 10.91 18.88 9.27 25.72 7.130 42.37 4.705 38.75 6.730 325 215 .269 599.0 123 .158 403 1237. tPoS A A o A S' Ml A ` o * A PS _ ' 1 A S tn * a' o a' A ' A PS* Ars CPSA -- Ml APS A 794 S AA " 3 .334 .450 178.8 .852 258.3 .660 66.10 1.778 7.728 13.37 . 6.545 5.045 30.00 3.330 27.38 4.765 2.718 1027. 721.8 153 .196 206 .262 66.45 .691 369 .497 150.7 302 38.60 1.040 25.00 1.458 4.510 6.182 7.808 3.833 10.63 2.942 1.938 16.00 2.783 1.587 15 25 35 50 75 100 A o ni APsS 2.497 A 3 Ml IAs S' A PS A A Pi?S A ' * o' a' IS, S' A AS '' PSS w" 1' _ ps" 1 A 8 940 676 525 PS -- A PS rAs A A A A 267 Ml 421.0 . 267.0 - U03. Ao8i K, PMSl Ps' A3 3 Q Q2< m -- A PS Is PS rs PS A o 5s i 8 PS A rs A rs - A PSS' - Ao A A A A -- 5-- s Ml A PS A A S' tPoS PS A A S o -- PS Ml s S A A PS ' 437 315 Is PS Aa O A 5 rs -- PS 124 S' SA 001 768 AS' tSs' Asr PS A s Sj S' PS P IS S' PS PS A -- ui <jo ?45 PS 706 IS S A PAS AA PS s 240 187 Ats rPsS PS 1 .095 i rs o A A 1 PSS' oA A 3 o o S' A _ ' A PS A S' s 597 A Ml 425 A S sPS 210 158 A to 107 3 S' L-- rs 483 644 922 59D 526 S 1 go ors g s AS' PS A ! 165 126 AA A A PS PS A Mi PS S A S' stoo A A 476 3 S' 835 S' A S o A PS rs si 5.255 5 o 5s? o rs s 3A A 149 A o rs 5 /i g s rs 426 o 8S' 746 PS o g A s s f. *s PS 2 *s5 s A S" 5 S i 185 151 IU3 5i A3 72 Flow ao 5 uo. ao. 3 i Xo QO. 5 Jo. tox 5 1i0 ao 5 Uio. ao. 5 io X ao 5 o A. Q. s 3 >O z Urop How Drop How Drop io Cl 2 z O Z ao. 5 rs <s1 * 5 0 JO | s 077 .065 IU H ow 1 Drop J59 Sizes 283 Pumps Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Buffalo, N. Y. . BRANCH OFFICES New York, N. Y.. 39-41 Cortlandt St. . Philadelphia, Pa.. 1303 Land Title Bldg. Boston, Mass., 177 State St. Cleveland, O., 368 Rockefeller Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa., 917 Union Arcade Detroit,'Mich., Coon De-Visser Co. Chicago. III., 562 W. Washington Blvd. Washington D. C-. Washington Loan & Trust Bldg. Atlanta. Ga.. Candler Bldg. Indianapolis, Ind., 1016 Fletcher Saving & Trust Bldg. St. Louis, Mo., 515 Chemical Bldg. Cincinnati, O.. 607 Mercantile Library Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn., 120 South Ninth St. Denver, Colo., 1718 California St. Los Angeles, Calif.. 636 H. W. Heilman Bldg. Charlotte, N. C.. J. W. Fraser & Co. New Orleans. La.. Woodward Wight & Co. Kansas City, Mo., j. F. Pritchard & Co. San Francisco. Calif., 216 Pine St. Portland Ore.. 816-817 Lewis Bldg. Canadian Blower & Forge Co., Kitchener, Ont. Products Centrifugal Pumps For All Purposes--Single and Double Suction, Single and Mul tistage, Horizontal and Vertical. Steam Pumps--Duplex and Simplex, Inside Packed and Outside Packed. Vacuum Pumps and Condensers. Class S Double Suction Centrifugal Pump Horizontally divided casing. Exten sively used with air washers, and for circulating systems and booster service. Centrifugal Condensation Return Pump and Receiver Also built vertical with receiver pit. Especially adapted for low pressure boilers! Automatic in operation. Duplex Steam Pump and Receiver Automatic Sump Pump Entirely.automatic. Can be furnished for high or low boiler pressure. Self contained. Ball bearing thrust with automatic oil lubrication. Complete Catalogs Will Be Furnished Upon Request 284 Pumps The Nash Engineering Company South Norwalk, Conn., U. S. A. INDIANAPOLIS--821 Hume-Mansur Bldg. f CLEVELAND--1392 West 3rd Street KANSAS CITY--208 Mutual Bldg. DALLAS--1020 Dallas County Bank Bldg. LOS ANGELES--1824 S. Hope St. DENVER--518 Boston Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS--501 S. Sixth Street DETROIT--Kerr Building MONTREAL--84 Inspector Street NEW ORLEANS--521 Baronne Street SALES HOUSTON--Southern Pacific Bldg. PITTSBURGH--Oliver Bldg. NEW YORK--350 Madison Ave. PHILADELPHIA--254 South 15th Street OFFICES SALT LAKE CITY--204 Dooly Bldg. SAN FRANCISCO--Sharon Bldg. PORTLAND--224 Pine Street SEATTLE--220 Railway Exchange BOSTON--Nottingham Bldg., Copely Square | ST. LOUIS--4200 Forest Park Blvd. BUFFALO--840 Ellicott Square 1 TOLEDO--136 Huron Street CHICAGO--1220 Monadnock Block J TORONTO--1001 Kent Bldg. WASHINGTON--710 14th Street. N. W. . JZL .Jennings HYTOR Vacuum Pumps for Return Line Heating Systems, remove air and water and automatically return water to boiler or hot well. Pump consists of two independent unit9--a'Hytor turbine air pump, and a Jennings centrifugal water pump--combined in one casing. Air and water are pumped separately, thus saving in horsepower is over 50 per cent and cost of current is reduced pro portionately. Requires one-third the space necessary Iot other apparatus. Interior parts bronze. Moving parts revolve without contact, supported on annular ball bearings mounted outside casing. . Furnished direct connected to standard electric motors or for belt drive, also with steam. turbine designed to operate at steam pressure of 75 lb., but this can be varied. Turbine units are designed to discharge condensate against boiler pressure not exceeding 20 lb. Jennings Unit Type Condensation Pump * .. and Receiver This new Unit Type Condensation Pump and Receiver is essentially the same design as our well known Type M Jennings Return Line Vacuum Heating pump. The cut above shows the appear ance of the 5.000 sq. ft. unit. You will note that no piping between pump and receiving tank is necessary. The only connections are main return, water discharge and air vent. Companion flanges are furnished, making the installation of this pump extremely simple and economical. The pump is equipped with an intregalcast bronze shaft mounted on motor shaft and supported by large motor bear ings. .* The automatic control in this unit is enclosed in its metal cabinet and includes overload and phase failure protection for polyphase current. The wiring between motor and float switches is done in our shop. The automatic control is operated by a 6 in. seamless drawn copper bail on a 14 in. stem, giving ample power. Standard units ate furnished in this design for any capacity up to 16,000 sq. ft. and can be supplied for 10 or 20 lb. gage pressure at the pump. Special bulletins are available describing this and our other products. STANDARD SIZES AND CAPACITIES, JENNINGS HYTOR VACUUM PUMPS ^Square Feet Size direct equivalent radiation surface Air Capacity cubic feet per min. Water Capacity gab. per min. 10 lbs. pres. 180 F. Actual Horse Power R. P. M. Horse Power of Motor M 5,000 ,3 8 A 8,000 6n B 16,000 II ' 22 C 26,000 19 35 D 40,000 25 60 E 65,000 42 90 F 100,000 75 140 C 150,009 ~-.._90 200 H 250,000 180 400 .6 .9 1.4 2.0 2.8 3.r 9. 10. 19. - 1700 1800 1800 1800 1200 1200 1200 900 720 . V* . \- Wi 2 3 5 10 10 20 Pumps 1535 Dayton St. Skidmore Corporation General Offices and Factory CHICAGO, U. S. A. SKIDMORE HYDRO TURBINE VACUUM AND/BOILER . FEED PUMP A new simple and efficient device for use on a vacuum heating system. ,, . As there are no close clearances, this pump will maintain its original high efficiency indefinitely. A self-contained unit all on one base with return connections close to floor. . A strainer arranged so that connections can be made to one or both sides as desired. Shaft is Tobin bronze carried.on heavy ball bearings. , . Air rotor and centrifugal pump are cast bronze accurately machined. Base, casing, bearing brackets and tank are close grained cast iron. A unit of pleasing design of large capacity occupying less than half the floor space of pumps for similar service. . .. TABLE OF CAPACITIES 10-in. Vacuum, 10 and 20 lb. Pressure Size of Pump Capacity Gal. of Motor sq. ft. of water H. P. radiation per min. 10.lb. i 8000 2 16000 3 26000 4 40000 5 65000 u1 22 l'/z 35 2 60 3 90 5 Motor H. P. 20 lb. Size of Size of return discharge openings to boiler I'/z iy4" i>/4" 2 3 i Vi" 2" in<//44"" 5 w I'/z" m 3" . 2" Approx. floor space Shipping weight ib. 22"x50" 24"x52" 24"x56" 24"x58" 30"x62" 650 700 750 850 i 025 R. P. M. 1,800 for all sizes. Above weights are for continuous service, add 75 lb. for automatic control. 286 Pumps PUMP DIVISION The Trane Company Za Crosse, Wis, New York, Boston. Cleveland. Buffalo. Salt Lake City, Philadelphia, Detroit. Washington, D. C.. Portland, Ore., Seattle, Knoxville. Greensboro, N. C. The Trane System of Vapor Heating, Patented Heating Specialties Trane Automatic Electric Pumps, For All Purposes AIR LINE--RETURN LINE VACUUM PUMPS This Style Unit, with Sleel Xatik, Furnished for 6,000-90,000 sq. ft. of Radiation The Trane Company specializes in pumping equipment required for the' mechanical equipment of buildings. A complete line of condensation, vacuum, circulating, booster, and water pumps is carried, suitable for any conditions which may ordinarily be encountered. Litera ture, prices, and full information for any requirements will gladly be submitted. Standard centrifugal type condensation units are furnished as illustrated, handling from 6 g.p.m. at 10 lbs. pressure with hp. motor, to 60 g.p.m. at 60 lbs. with 5 hp. Special sizes promptly made to order. Standard Trane vacuum units are available in all popular sizes, as illustrated. The Trane vacuum pump embodies all . desirable features of other pumps, and in addition has an operating efficiency that places it distinctly in a class by itself. As shown in the illustration below, there is but one moving part, and reciprocating ! action has been entirely eliminated. The two-unit type, i.e., with two motors, one for the air pump and one for the water pump, and having individual control, can be furnished where required. Parts of Standard Trane Single Stage . Centrifugal Pump 287 Radiators and Hangers Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Bulletin Building Philadelphia, Pa. FOWLER & WOLFE, WALL RADIATORS Made in six sizes-- 10 sq. ft. section 9 sq. ft. 24" x 13" x3-M" 7 sq. ft. 24" x 12H" x 3" 6 sq. ft. 21" x 12H" x 3" 5 sq. ft. 3H sq- ft. 17"xl2^" x3" 17" x 9H" x 3" All made in vertical and horizontal forms; 9 sq. ft. and smaller sizes in plain or Ornamental patterns; 10 sq. ft. Plain only. Test pressure, water, regular--100 lb. Special up to 400 lb. For Bay Windows of practically any angle, and curves of radius of not less than 6 ft. No. S3 Hanger No. 33 Wrought Iron Adjustable Hanger--For radi ators of vertical sections only. Expansion and contraction of radi ator is provided for by swaying of hook upon supporting bolt. Provides ver tical adjustment of 1 in. before or after mounting the radi ator, by turning easily operated hex. head of bolt, which, when radiator is in correct position, is practically con cealed. Hook has lateral adjustment of Y% in. Side- Wall Radiator No. 30 (Cast Iron) Adjust able Hanger--For radiators of vertical or horizontal sec tions. Has swinging hook pro viding for expansion and con traction of radiator and is adjustable, upward or down ward, 1 in. by means of set screw, before or after placing radiator in position. Cross head is slotted for bolt to secure radiator to hanger. No. SO Hanger Our Catalog F fully illustrates and describes our Wall Radiators; also an extensive variety of Hangers and Supports, adjustable and non-adjustable, to meet practically any requirement. * 238 Radiator Hangers A. F. Gleockle, Jr. 415 Bay Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Sales Representatives in Principal Cities GLEOCKLE Wrought Iron Adjustable WALL and Column Radiator Brackets (Patented March 23, 1920) There is a Gleockle Radiator Bracket for every requirement in heating factories, office and public buildings, churches, stores, and residences where radiation must be hung on walls, ceilings, etc. Every Gleockle bracket is of sturdy wrought iron-- serviceable and durable. Several styles, and their application are shown. No. 1 Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket Supports 7' and 9' Vertical Wall Radiators. No. 1. Gleockle Brackets used on Sawtooth or Sky light construction. No. 2. Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket. Supports 5', 7' or 9' Hori zontal or 5' Verti cal Wall Radiators. No. 9. Gleockle m Column Radiator Bracket. Made to [Support Single Two, Three and Four Column Radi- No. 1. Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket Supporting Double-Row of Wall Radiation. Specify for use oh 5', T or 9', Vertical or Hori zontal wall radiators. 289 Gleockle Brack ets Support tjie radiators 2" from Wall,and are adj ustable, strong and flexible. Radiator Hangers Healy-Ruff Company Minneapolis, Minn. AGENTS IN THE FOLLOWING CITIES . UNITED STATES 5vtla wa'- Ga" Pittsburgh. Pa., Indianapolis. Ind., Seattle, Wash., New York City, Denver Colo., Des Moines. Ia., Detroit, Mich.. Amsterdam. N. Y., Chicago. III., Cincinnati, O. Toledo O FI Paso, Tex.. St. Louis, Mo., Birmingham. Ala., Kansas City. Mo., Omaha. Neb.. Wichita' Kan.. Knoxville, Tenn., Milwaukee, Wis., Buffalo, N. Y., Davenport. Ia.. Philadelphia, Pa., Boston Mass.. Cleveland, O.. Columbus. 0-, Salt Lake City, Utah. Los Angeles, Cal.. Baltimore Md ' Washington. D. C.. Tulsa. Okla. " CANADA Toronto. Vancouver, Halifax, Montreal, Winnipeg. Ottawa, Calgary. Manufacturers of E-Z Radiator Hangers Write Dept. 19 Typical Specifications Where Baseboards are used. All radiation, unless otherwise noted, shall be supported on wall by means of E-Z Radiator Hangers, Style "H," as manu factured by the HealyRuff Co., Minneapolis, Minn., or equal and approved in writing by the Architect arranged to support the radiator 2^" from the wall and with baseboard adjust ment. Style H 1. One Bolt. 2. Invisible Washer. 3. Horizontal Adjustment. 4. Vertical Adjustment. 5. Adjustable for Baseboard. 6. Made for Wall, and Column Radiation. E-Z Radiator Hangers are suitable for Wall and all Column Radiation, are designed for Vertical and Horizontal alignment, and also designed to anticipate the use of temperature control valves. : Washer at top makes hanger absolutely invisible. . Style "H," shown above, places the radiator 2J4" from the wall and provides for baseboard adjustment. Style "R" places the radiator \V%' from the wall but is not adjustable for baseboards. Where Baseboard Adjustment is not desired. All radiation, unless otherwise noted, shall be supported on wall by means of E-Z Radiator Hangers, Style "R," as manu factured by the Healy-Ruff Co., Minne apolis, Minn., or equal and approved in writing by the Architect, arranged to sup port the radiator in. from the wall. 290 Refrigerating Equipment Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Office and Works--1119-21 North Howard St. Philadelphia, Pa. Engine Driven Compressor ' Engineers, manufacturers and builders of "The Famous Pennsylvania " Refrigerating and Ice-Making plants. Complete plans for refrigerating and Ice making plants. All materials for such plants, especially Ammonia Fittings, which are carried in stock at all times. .. .. We manufacture "The Famous Pennsylvania'' refrigerating equipment in sizes suitable to any ordinary requirement, for steam, gas or electric drive. Our machines ^re made in both horizontal and vertical types for belt drive, or direct-connected to Corliss or slide valve engines. *4 Every part of our machinery is of such generous proportions that we have never had a broken shaft, bed-plate, cylinder or bearing. All machinery which we furnish is guaranteed against defective material or workmanship, for a period of one year. Our Suction and Discharge Valves and Stuffing Boxes are of special design, insuring long life and permanence of adjustment. In addition to the time-tried mechanical equipment itself, we offer to prospective purchasers of refrigeration a broad and com prehensive experience in the application of refrigerating machinery; an experience embracing hundreds of installations for widely varied purposes. We will be glad to send upon request, an illustrated booklet showing many of our installations and containing detailed data upon design, construction, size and dimensions of our machines. Suction Valve Exterior of Cylinder Discharge Valve EXTERIOR OF CYLINDER Shcnving arrangement of piston .valves and water jacket. The piston is made of steel in one piece and cored out - to reduce the weight to a minimum. - 291 Regulators, Damper THE DALZELL BROTHERS CO. SHEET METAL SPECIALISTS 21 Holmes Street :: YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO HE SURELOCK DAMPER REGULATOR has demonstrated its worth in actual T service and has won the approval of heating and ventilating engineers, and lead ing architects and contractors who specify and use it in duct systems because of its adaptability to any size pipe as well as its accurate control of the air flow. It is designed for long and active service being made of cast aluminum and so constructed that no unauthorized person can tamper with its adjustment. A turn of the key adj usts the SU RELOCK and the position of the damper is shown on a dial which is in full view. Only a slight pressure on the single key is required to operate it. This advantageous feature meansthat when the SURELOCK damper is adjusted it is automatically locked in the desired position and it therefore can be placed in any location in perpendicular, horizontal or angle pipe runs, also that the damper cannot be jarred out of position. This is especially desirable when it is used in buildings subject to constant jarring or vibration from street cars, railroad traffic or the operation of large machines such as printing presses, etc. Can be used on brick wall as .well as on metal duct. The simplicity of the SURELOCK con struction can be seen from the accompany ing illustration of the damper installed in a warm-air duct. It requires only two screws to attach it to any duct and only one size regulator is required to fit all sizes of pipe. The SURELOCK DamperReguIatorisa dependable product made by experienced sheet metal specialists whose staff is at the disposal of any engineer, architect or con tractor, interested in the control of air flow in heating and ventilating duct sys tems. List price S3.00. Libera! discounts.. Write for Bulletin H. G. 292 Sheet Metal Workers Panstrnction 1NCO&PO&ATED 750 Frelinghuysen Ave. Newark, N. J. SHEET METAL ARTISANS Design, Fabrication andlnstallation Light Machine Work, Acetylene and Electric Welding. Special Work requiring Unusual Facilities and Expert Workmanship. Carrier Diffuser Outlets and Aertite Doors. The Carrier Construction Co. is equipped with every facility for the fabrication and in stallation of sheet metal work, light machine work, acetylene and electrically welded work, pipe work, and special apparatus involving work of this general character. We are not in position to accept contracts for standard pieces, except in large quantities, nor do we solicit small repair or maintenance work. But we are especially well fitted to undertake new work of special nature, such as duct systems for heating and ventilating installations; exhaust systems for buffing and grinding wheels, and for the removal of shavings, dust, fumes, gases, or vapors; collecting systems; and similar work in volving the fabrication of sheet metal up to ^-in. plate--and heavier in certain instances. We are experienced in design as well as con struction, so that we can undertake to collaborate with the client in the fabrication of special apparatus. We invite correspondence and we will be glad to send descriptive catalog upon request. Carrier Aertite Door We manufacture in quantity, for sale to the trade, the Carrier Diffuser Outlet and the Carrier Aertite Door. Both are die-stamped of best galvanized metal and furnished ready for installation. The Aertite Door is neat, strong and air-tight. It adds greatly to the appearance of the job and is so easily installed, by merely ciinching the flanges, that the saving in labor practically pays for the door. Made in three sizes, 10 x 16 in., 16 x 24 in. and 24 x 36 in. Carrier Diffuser OuiUi The scientifically designed Diffuser Outlet, with adjustable volume vanes, not only improves the appearance of the whole job, saves labor and installa tion expense, but affords uniform air diffusion over entire area of outlet, at any degree of opening. Made in five sizes, 9 x 10 in., 10 x 15 in., 15 x 15 in., 15 x 21 in. and 15x27 in. Prices upon request'. Prompt delivery from stock. 293 Specialties, Healing A. &. P. Regulator Company Park Ridge, III. The A. & P. Automatic Hydraulic Vacuum Producer is an efficient device for removing air and maintaining a constant vacuum on steam heating systems in churches, schools, theatres, factories, apartments or residences. It is effective in producing more heat with less fuel on ordinary one or two-pipe and return line heating systems. This vacuum producer operates by city water or house supply system carrying 20 lb. pressure or more, works automatically, is noiseless in operation, and eliminates noisy pipes and radiators and sputtering air valves. . The A. & P. Automatic Vacuum Producer completely shuts off the water supply when 3 to 5 in. of vacuum is established, and automatically operates when the vacuum drops. In operation, it requires about 3 gal. of water per min. and as its action is posi tive its operation is intermittent, the vacuum holding for several hours. The illustration shows how the A. & P. Automatic Vacuum Producer is applied to a one pipe steam heating plant. SPECIFICATIONS Size of Pipe. Connections Max. Cap. With 20-tb. Water Pressure Max. Cap. With 40-lb. Water Pressure For Large Installations Price V, in- 2500 ft' 3500ft. Two or more units are used. $100.00 ^mnu77?7z 2LJ 0=^3 y-.- -- s\\D 3777 i_ ----] D CD CD ' SUPPLY The use of the A. & P. Automatic Vacuum Producer is not confined entirely to heating. This specialty is adaptable to other lines of work where a vacuum must be maintained and can be arranged to operate with steam or air, as well as water, and designed for higher vacuum if so desired.. 294 Specialties, Heating The Bishop & Babcock Co. Cleveland, Ohio BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES THE B & B line THE WORLD'S MOST COMPLETE LINE OF HEATING SPECIALTIES The B & B Multiplex Traps are used fordratning radiators, drip and blast coils of air and condensa tion. SCHEDULE OF MULTIPLEX TRAPS Size Capacity Vapor 9 Capacity Vacuum 9 Weight >/2' No. 3 !/,' No. 3 1" No. 3 200 500 1,000 250 600 1.100 2Vl m The B & B Multiplex Valve is packless, made of all metal furnished in wheel handle or lever Handle any pattern. SCHEDULE OF VALVES Capacity Capacity Size Vapor 9 Vacuum 9 Vl" VV9 S IwVs/, 2* Oto 20 21 to 60 61 to 120 121 to 200 201 to 350 351 to 450 0 to 25 26 to 75 76 to 150 151 to 300 301 to 500 501 to 650 Weight 2Vi 3 6 7 10 The B & B Automatic Receiver operates automatically, returning the water of con densation to the boiler at all times regard less of the pressure on the boiler, keeping the system free from air and preventing the loss of steam. The B & B Valve Traps are for use with vapor and Vacuum Systems for drain: ing radiators, drip points and Blast Traps. oct s***A*, bee* tv Copout--n SCHEDULE OF ALTERNATING RECEIVERS Size No. 4 Dimensions Capacity 9 Weight. As illustrated 20*x24' - 24'x30" 24'x36" 6,000 10,000 15,000 16,000 .`180 290 325 -**-(*** AAI t stsj. T* Afew lM?eOuP TCKMO&e.OPC Astt> The new Auto Valve is factoryadjustfed, is so constructed that adjustments can be made at installation if necessary`due to : unusual conditions. 295 Specialties, Heating G. M. Davis Regulator Company 407 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. Since 1875 Manufacturers of Better Valve Specialties Davis Piston Type Pressure Regulator (A ny service pressure) Davis Back Pressure Valve Davis Piston Type Regulator For reducing high pressure steam down to any service pressure. Patented inner valve design in sures proper regulation regardless of velocity. Lever gives visible operation and makes hand testing possible. Oil dash pot insures steady action. Sizes J4 to 14". Davis Back Pressure Valve The Original semi-balanced exhaust line valve for maintaining a given back pressure. Has double seated piston disc--operates noiselessly--requires comparatively small counterweight, patented disc and seat construction prevents sticking. May be used horizontally or vertically. Sizes 2 to 30". Angle valves made to order. Davis Steam Trap Double cone shaped, balanced valves give con tinuous flow--unusually large capacity--handle any pressure--take care of widely fluctuating load. All vital parts are renewable and quite accessible. Sizes J4 to 3". Other Davis Valves A 64 page catalog showing a number of pressure regulating devices, not here illustrated will be sent ' on request. Tell us about your special problems in pressure control--we may be able to be of service. . 296 Davis steam Trap Specialties, Heating Donnelly Systems Company 9 Murray Street NEW YORK, N. Y. TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY REGULATION OF SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION OF STEAM OR VAPOR Impulse Check Valves, Thermo-Differential . Valves and other Specialties for One and Two* pipe Vapor and Vacuum Return Line Systems. - Impulse Check Valve The practical and theoretical experience of 37 years has developed the Donnelly Sys tems and the Donnelly Speci alties. The general theory of design and con trol of the steam circulation in ail Don nelly Systems.is based upon the recog nized principle that in small systems there are, for short runs and for a limited number of automatic return valve de vices, no appreciable differences or losses in pressure. In other words, small sys tems have always proved simpler and more satisfactory in operation than largef systems. Therefore all Donnelly gravity and vacuum return line plants are divided into groups of convenient and restricted size. The former are provided with a Thermo Float Air Valve and the latter with a Thermo-Differential Valve for each group. The early recognition of this principle led to the design of the Impulse Check Valve, which is used at the return out-' lets of all radiators and coils in all Don nelly. Systems, preventing any water or steam from entering the radiator from the return piping. . It is an Automatic Needle Valve, the size of the orifice through the seat being properly proportioned to the pipe size and to the rated capacity of the valve. The normal operation of the valve is the same in all systems, the weight over area of the disc and the size of the orifice being such that a complete discharge of the air and water is at all times effected and a constant difference in pressure between the branch steam and return lines of one-half pound is always maintained. The entire operative mechanism of the Im pulse Valve is enclosed in a heavy removable tube which is inserted in a standard valve body and the valves are guaranteed for five years. . Thermo-Diffcrentid Valve The Thermo-Differential Valve, used in Vacuum Return Line Systems, is con structed as shown. It is made with a standard safety valve body and has a restricted seat which is proportioned to the capacity of the valve. The valve disc is provided with an impact surface, as in the Impulse Valve, and with a cup-shaped , portion for holding the weights, together with a central rod which acts as a guide for the vaporizing fluid thermostat. The opening in the bottom of the valve is intended as a cleanout and should be provided with a nipple and cap. A small leakage opening is provided in the seat so that the system will drain when shut down. A Thermo-Differential Valve is installed in each branch return so that no water, air or steam can pass into the main return without being properly regulated in pres sure and flow. Send for information on latest develop ments in Temperature Control. Catalogs and bulletins describing our specialties and their application will be gladfy furnished on request. 297 Specialties, Heating C. A. Dunham Co. Administrative and General Offices: 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago Factories at Marshalltown, Iowa, and Toronto, Ont., Canada BRANCH SALES OFFICES: Birmingham. Boston. Cheyenne. Chicago. Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas. Davenport, Denver, Des Moines. Detroit, El Paso, Indianapolis, Kansas City, LoS'Angeles, Louisville, Milwaukee, Minneapolis. New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh. Portland (Ore.). Rochester, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Troy, Washington. . C. A, DUNHAM CO., LTD. General Offices and Factory, Toronto, Ont. BRANCH SALES OFFICES: Calgary, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Vancouver FOREIGN SALES OFFICES: London, England St. John's, Newfoundland 160 Water Street Distributors: Munsing & Co. Paris, France 47 Rue Fontaine-au-roi Manufacturers of Specialties for The Dunham Systems of Heating H EAT INCT SE R VIC E This Service is delivered through 60 Branch and Local Sales Offices throughout the United States and Canada, back of which organization are two modern and complete factories. Dunham Heating Service co-opcrates intimately with Consulting Engineers, Architects and Heating Contractors, j ., _ Products Specialties for use in connection with The Dunham System of Heating, known according to its several adaptable forms as The Dunham Home Heating System; The Dunham Return System and The Dunham Vacuum System--all two-pipe systems, and The Dunham Air Line System. These specialties are Dunham Radiator Traps; Dunham Blast Traps; Dunham Air Line Valve; Dunham Return Traps; Dunham "D" Style Medium Pressure Traps; Dunham Packless Radiator Valves; Dunham Reducing Pressure Valve; Dunham Vacuum Pump; Dun ham Vacuum Pump Governor; Dunham Air Eliminator; Dunham Oil Separator; Dunham Suction Strainer; Dunham Air Vent ; Dunham Damper Control. Section View of No. S Trap- Dunham Radiator Trap The Dunham Radiator Trap is distinc tive in the simplicity of its construction. It consists of two major parts, a body and a cover. The operating member, the Ther mostatic Disc, is securely placed in the cover. The Trap has a large valve open ing. There are no detached loose parts in the path of flow, nor sliding contacts, noth ing to gum up, and no guide or pin to ob struct the valve opening. The action ofs the disc is positive and the valve seats squarely. The body is standardized, also the cover and disc, giving the further ad vantage of interchangeable parts. The working part of the Trap, the Ther mostatic Disc, is fully exposed to the actual conditions within the radiator and it, therefore, responds instantly to any change taking place therein, preventing waste of unused steam. It is made in five sizes and for varying pressures not to exceed 10 lb. gage. These traps are used principally in steam heating work where they are attached to all forms and types of .radiation, and to steam piping and risers for dripping pur poses. The Nos. 1 and 2 Traps are used *, almost exclusively on radiators. The No. 3 Trap is used for large radiators, for medium sized pipe coils, and is particularly adaptable for dripping risers and short runs of steam piping. The Nos. 4 and 5 Traps are used where traps of large capac ity are required on large pipe coils, for dripping main feed risers, and steam mains. C. A. Dunham Co. ____________ Specialties, Heating DUNHAM RETURN TRAP Used to separate the air and water discharged into the dry return piping by the Dunham Radiator Traps, to release the air, and to automatically return the water to the boiler without regard to the pressure carried in boiler or system. Not for use where steam pressures exceed 10 lb. gage. . DUNHAM MEDIUM PRESSURE TRAP, "D" STYLE This em bodies the principle so successfully used in the Dunham Ra diator Trap, and is just as simple and satisfactory. Designed for steam pressures higher than those used in heating systems. It handles air and condensate. Adapted for process work, hospital sterilizers and distilling ap paratus, steam tables and kitchen equip ment where a steam pressure of not less than 10 or more than 50 lb. is used. Capacity. Size Pipe Connection, In. Water per Hour, Lb. No. 13 No. 14 No. 15 '/% - 1 3/ ' . 100 400 v Always state operating pressure when ordering. DUNHAM PACKLESS RADIATOR VALVE A bona fide packless radiator valve, not dependent on springs and packing rings. The Dunham "built-up" bellows makes this possible. This built-up sec tional construction admits of uniformity of thickness of metal throughout all cor rugated parts, and provides for the in- and-out movement to take place from the flat of the metal instead of at the Type 100--Lever Handle Type 140--Wheel Handle inside and outside edges. Valve may be , . open or closed in seven-eighths turn. Made in lever handle and wheel handle models in following sizes: Lever x/i, %, 1, 1 in. Wheel %, I, IK, 1H, 2 in. - Type 100 made only, in angle pattern. : Type 140 made in angle, straightway and corner patterns and can be supplied with wheel or lever handle. C. A. Dunham Co. Specialties, Heating -8# 1 Trap A*o. I No. 1. All Patterns Tapping l/z'\ Capacity 100 sq. ft. Rad. No. 2. All Patterns ' Tapping Capacity 350 sq. ft. Rad. No. 3. All Patterns 4 Trap No. 4 z Trap No. $ Tapping Capacity 450 sq. ft. Rad. No. 4. Angle and Straightway Tapping %"; Capacity 1500 sq. ft. Rad. 3 Trap No. S No. .5. Angle and Straightway Tapping 1"; Capacity 3000 sq. ft. Rad. DUNHAM BLAST TRAP 5 Trap No. 6 sialic Disc Valve and the Auxiliary Float Valve Trap. Omit additional Vents on Slacks of 16 sections and less This trap is designed for draining blast heating coils. In selecting capacities, be sure and reduce blast coil radiation to equivalent direct radiation by multiplying the actual surface of coil by a factor ranging from 6 to 10, depending on temperature, velocity and volume of air blown over coils. The operation of traps No. 6 and 7 is similar to that of the radiator trap, using the thermostatic principle; while No. 8 and No. 16 traps combine the Dunham thermostatic principle with the float. They handle large volumes of water successfully. Made only for pressures up to 10 lb. on vacuum or gravity systems. Sire . Capacity. Direct Radiation. Sq. Ft 'No. 6 'No. 7 No. 16 No. 16 No. 16 No. 16 No. 8 1,500 3.000 6.000 7,000 . 9.000 11,000 16,000 'Made in angle and straightway patterns. 300 C. A. Dunham Co. Specialties; Heating Dunham Reducing Pressure Valve Made only in standard weight for a pres sure range of 125 lb. down on high side, to 10 lb. and atmosphere on low side, in straight and expanded outlet patterns. Pump. This system is particularly adapt able in making old one-pipe heating sys tems more efficient. It is easily ana eco nomically installed, and insures the quick removal of air from the radiators. The Dunham Home Heating System Dunham Vacuum Pump Governor This is specially for the home or small Used on steam driven vacuum pumps to 1 building. It uses steam at very low pres control vacuum in vacuum return lines. sure, not over 8 oz. Steam is admitted Made in all sizes from to 2 in., inclusive. into the radiator by the Dunham Packless Dunham Damper Control The Dunham Diaphragm Damper Regulator controls the steam pressure in ounces. It operates check and draft damper with chains. Radiator Valve, where it is retained by the Dunham Radiator Trap until it has given off its heat, when, as water, it passes through the trap together with the air, and back to the boiler through the return piping. The air is released by the Dun Dunham Air Eliminator Used in connection with the Dunham Home Heating System for venting the air ham Air Eliminator, and the water returns naturally to the boiler. Hot water pattern radiators with top inlet connections are re quired. The end of each steam main is from the system. Capacity for 2000 sq. ft. radiation. vented through a Dunham Trap into the , return piping, and is dripped through wet Dunham Oil Separator or dry drip pipe directly back to the boiler Made in all sizes from 2)4 to 0 in. I return header. Flanged connections. The Dunham Return System Dunham Strainer Has a large brass screen basket for catching and holding the dirt; easily ac cessible for cleaning and at once commends itself'for this purpose. Made in all sizes from 2)4 to 6 in., with flanged ends only. This System differs from the Home Heating System in that it makes use of the Dunham Return Trap in place of the Dunham Air Eliminator, which introduces the added.feature of a positive automatic return of water to the boiler when it is desired to raise the steam pressure. Dunham Air Line Valve The principle of operation is identical, and design similar, to the Dunham Radi | ator Trap. Its efficiency is high, and serv- |I ice in connection with air line systems invaluable. Can be furnished with either )4 or ^-in. radiator connection. Air piping is required in connection with its use. It must not be subjected to steam pressures exceeding 10 lb. gage. The feature of a positive return under varying steam pressures makes this Dun ham System particularly adaptable to apartment houses, small hotels and medium size commercial buildings, schools and churches. This System makes possible the modernizing of old one-pipe and two-pipe gravity systems, and eliminates the sput tering, leaking air valves which are such trouble makers in these old heating jobs. The Dunham Vacuum System Simplicity is the key note of Dunham design. There is the system of steam mains and piping to supply all radiation, and the return piping to carry away the i air and water of condensation by means of a vacuum pump. Steam may be sup plied direct from boiler, or through a Dun ham Reducing Valve, where boiler pres sure is too high for direct service. Or ex haust steam may be used, supplemented by live steam through a Reducing Valve. Dunham Air Line System This is a one-pipe steam system using a Dunham Air Line Valve,on each radi ator, with a sytem of air--line piping which may discharge the air by gravity, or be attached to an air line Vacuum . 'Bulletins Bulletins of standard architectural size with detailetf information covering each System, and all products, including roughing-in dimensions, will be furnished on request. Specialties, Heating Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Waterbury, Conn. ' Boston--New York--Philadelphia--Chicago--Minneapolis--Kansas City--Los Angeles Hoffman Venting, Modulating and Thermostatic Valves Hoffman "Controlled Heat" -- Hoffman Differential Loops --r-------------------- HOFFMAN VENTING VALVES ------------------------ In the Hoffman line of air vents there is a specially designed valve for every type of steam heating system. The basic principle used in the design of all Hoffman venting valves is that of an all-metal thermostatic member, with one or more flexible diaphragms, containing a volatile or heat sensitive fluid which causes valve action upon slight temperature changes. Hoffman valves have a wide pressure range in which they operate with the same degree of accuracy, for the internal fluid pressure in the thermostatic member maintains a constant relationship with the external steam pressure throughout the whole range of pressure for which each valve is intended. Air " bottled up" in a heating system has a very important relation ship to the effectiveness of the system. By proper venting of air (includ ing that released by condensation of steam) without steam loss, Hoffman -(12) Valve Port valves greatly increase the thermal efficiency -(2> Seat Plus of the system. -(0 Valve Pin Hoffman valves are automatic, non-adjust- able and guaranteed to properly function for a period of five years from date of installation. 3) Outer ' Shell Hoffman Venting Valves for One-Pipe Gravity Systems No. 1 Siphon Air Valve for venting Radia tors. : No. 4 Quick Vent Valve for venting Return Mains where low point is at least 15 in. above boiler water line. No. 5 Quick Vent Float Valve for venting (5) Bottoia of Outer Return Mains with low point less than 15 in. above water line or for conditions where valve may be re quired to prevent escape of water from pipe line. No. 1 Hoffman Siphon Air Valve No. I Hoffman Siphon Air Valve List Price--No. 1 Valve with J^-in. connection........... ....................................... $1.90 The No. 1 Siphon Air Valve is designed for systems of the one-pipe gravity type. Through its use all air is vented from the radiator without loss of steam, maximum heating efficiency is assured and leakage from water-logged radiators prevented. After contact of water with the valve the siphon drains all water from the valve and venting occurs without the slightest "spit'* even if the radiator is under pres sure. Valve should not be used under pressure higher than 15 lb. 302 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Healing VENTING VALVES FOR ONE-PIPE GRAVITY SYSTEMS--(Continued) NO. 4 HOFFMAN QUICK VENT VALVE The No. 4 Hoffman quick vent valve is designed for use in vent ing risers or return mains where water will not come in contact with the valve. AH air is freely vented through a vent port without steam loss, but valve will not prevent escape of water. Limited to pressures not over 10 lb. List Price--No. 4 Valve with 2^-in. standard connection ; also with 3^-in. connection.....................................-.............................. ..............................$2.80 NO. 5 HOFFMAN QUICK VENT FLOAT AIR VALVE The No. 5 Hoffman Quick Vent Float Air Valve is of the triple duty type, intended for venting return mains, indirect stacks and for No. 4 Hoffman use under all conditions where water is present in the system. It vents Outck Vent Valve all air, closes tightly against steam and prevents escape of water through vent.port. Installed on the end of return mains in one-pipe gravity systems, this valve causes steam to first flow to the end of the main, then into the radiators at a uniform rate so that radiators distant from the boiler will receive their supply of steam as quickly as those closFeutronibshoeiledr.with ^-in. port fr pressures below 3 lbs.; -j^-in. port for L3 itsot 1P0rilcbe. --No. 5 Valve with 5^-in. pipe connection........ ......$. 8.00 SOME METHODS OF APPLICATION * No. I Valve on Steam Radiator in One-Pipe Grav ity System. JVo. I Valve on Radia tors of Hot Water Type occasionally used in One- Pipe Steam Systems- No. 5 Hoffman Quick Vent Float Air Valve. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN VENTING VALVES FOR ONE-PIPE GRAVITY VACUUM SYSTEMS No. 2 Siphon Air and Vacuum Valve for venting Radi ators. .'. No. 6 Quick Vent Float Air and Vacuum Valve for vent ing Return Mains. No. S Hoffman Siphon Air and Vacuum Valve. No. 2 Hoffman Siphon Air and Vacuum Valves The No. 2 Siphon Air and Vacuum Valve is similar in construction to the No. 1, but in addition, when the radiator is once relieved of air, return of air through the vent port is prevented. . Through its use an ordinary one-pipe steam system may be changed into a vacuum type. Pressure limit, 10 lb. List Price--No. 2 Valve with J^-in. connection....$4.50 No. 6 Hoffman Quick Vent Float Air and Vacuum Valve. No. 6 Hoffman Quick Vent Float Air and Vacuum Valve The No. 6 Quick Vent Float Air and Vacuum Valve is like the No. 5 valve with the addition of a diaphragm in the base of- the valve which holds the vent port closed when venting ceases and prevents intake of air through the valve port. The valve is used for venting return mains of small vapor-vacuum systems or wherever return of air to the system is not desirable. Vent port for less than 3 lb. is &-in.; for 3 to 10 lb. use j^-in. port. List Price--No. 6 Valve with %-in. pipe connec tion................................... ......................................................i . .$12.00 No. 3 Hoffman Air Line Valve No. 3 Valve installed on Air Line System of either Gravity or Va cuum Type. Method of Application No. 2 and No. 6 Valves are installed in gravity vacuum systems in same manner as No. 1 and No. 5 Valves are in gravity systems (See p. 303) HOFFMAN VENTING VALVES FOR AIR LINE OR PAUL SYSTEMS No. 3 Hoffman Air Line Valve The No. 3 Hoffman Air Line Valve is a compact, well constructed valve for air line, or as they are frequently termed "Paul" Systems. It is sensitive in action and closes the instant steam fills the radiator. No adjust ment is necessary either before or after installation. Designed for not over 10 lb. pressure. List Price--No. 3 Valve with jdi-in. male radiator connection and )^-in. air line connection...................... $2.50 304 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT The following specialties in various combinations are used in "Controlled Heat" Installations. No. 7 Adjustable Modulating Valve for controlling amount of steam admitted to the radiators. No. 8 and 9 Return Line Valves for controlling the return side of the radiator. No. 10 Vapor Valve for relieving air from return mains in Vapor Systems. No. 11 Vapor Vacuum Valve for venting air from return mains in Vapor Vacuum Systems and preventing return of air through vent port. No. 12 Blast Trap for handling large quantities of water in Blast Coil Work, draining long steam mains into dry returns and dripping large risers. Differential Loop for controlling and maintaining a steady boiler water-line in Vapor or Vapor Vacuum Systems. . Damper Regulator for controlling boiler drafts and causing them to instantly respond to radiator demands. Mercury Gage for accurately measuring pressure in ounces. For the convenience of the engineer in specifying and the heating contractor in estimating the specialties have been grouped into two distinct classifica tions viz.; Radiator Specialties and Basement Specialties. RADIATOR SPECIALTIES One %/i" Hoffman Adjustable Modulating Valve... (Capacity up to 200 sq. ft. radiation.) ... One Vi' Hoffman Return Line Valve............. -..... (Capacity up to 200 sq. ft. radiation.) List price per radiator $12.00 BASEMENT SPECIALTIES Class "A" Basement Specialties for installa tions up to 2000 sq. ft. direct radiation consist of-- 2 No. 8 Hoffman Return Line Valves, for venting steam mains. 1 No. 1 Hoffman Differential Loop. 1 No. 11 Hoffman Vapor Vacuum Valve. 1 Hoffman Damper Regulator. . 1 Hoffman Pressure Gage. `List Price.............................................$112.00 Class "B" Basement Specialties for installa tions of 2001 to 3500. sq. ft. direct radiation con sists of-- 3 No. 8 Hoffman Return Line Valves for venting steam mains. _ 1 No. 2 Hoffman Differential Loop. 1 No. 11 Hoffman Vapor Vacuum Valve. 1 Hoffman Damper Regulator. . 1 Hoffman Pressure Gage. List Price.............................................$133.00 Class "C" Basement Specialties for installa tions of 3501 to 7500 sq. ft. direct radiation con sists of--- - ' 4 No. 8 Hoffman Return Line Valves for venting steam mains. 1 No. 3 Hoffman Differential Loop. 1 No. 11 Hoffman Vapor Vacuum Valve. 1 Hoffman Damper Regulator. ' 1 Hoffman Pressure Gage. List Price.............................................$165.00 Class "D" Basement Specialties for installa tions of 7501 to 15000 sq. ft. direct radiation con sists of-- 6 No. 8 Hoffman Return Line Valves for venting steam mains. 1 No. 4 Hoffman Differential Loop. 2 No. 11 Hoffman. Vapor Vacuum Valve. 1 Hoffman Damper Regulator. 1 Hoffman Pressure Gage. List Price.................. -.......... .............. $242.00 EXTRA EQUIPMENT Where 50 ft. risers or ends of 100 ft. steam mains are dripped through Return Line Valves, add $6.00 list for each No. 8, or $8.00 list for each No. 9 Valve. For longer risers or steam mains add $30.00 list for each No. 12 Valve. Where more than one boiler is used, add $37.00 per boiler for additional specialties required. ' Special or larger installations than indicated above quoted on application. 305 . Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) No. 7 Adjustable Modulating Valve The No. 7 Valve is made in one size only, % in., having a range of adjustment up to 200 sq. ft. of direct radiation. , Valves are shipped and installed with wide open ports. After system has been in operation and thoroughly clean the heating contractor without dismantling * the valve visibly adjusts the port for the requirements of each radiator. The adjustment is very simple and extremely accurate. On the valve bonnet there are two dial plates, one . rigidly fixed to the bonnet marked with 20 graduations each of which represents a port area equivalent to 10 sq. ft. of radiation. The top plate is attached to a re volving sleeve, which upon loosening a lock nut, can be turned to various posi tions, thus making different port areas. To adjust the valve for the radiator re quirements it is only necessary to loosen the locknut and turn the valve handle, which likewise turns the top dial plate and sleeve, until the proper number of graduations are visible on the lower dial plate. Thus with 20 graduations visible the port area is sufficient for a 200 sq. ft. radiator, with 15 graduations for 150 sq. ft., etc. The following illustrations will indicate the method of valve adjustment and alsdv show the variation in port area for different positions of the dial plate. POSITIONS-OF TOP DIAL PLATE FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF RADIATORS CORRESPONDING POSITIONS OF ROTARY SLEEVE SHOWING PORT AREAS FOR ABOVE RADIATORS The visible adjustment enables the designing engineer and heating contractor to make a final accurate adjustment which compensates for slight irregularities in pipe sizes, failure to ream pipe, installation of extra fittings not forseen in original layout, etc. The advantages of an adjustable port in forced hot water systems to secure proper balance makes the No. 7 Valve especially adaptable for such use. , 306 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) The No. 7 Valve has a metallic fibre packing in the stem stuffing box that will last indefinitely without attention. Provision however is made for tightening the stuffing nut without removal of handle. In the stuffing nut are four grooves in alignment with a small hole in the handle cap. By inserting a nail in the hole, engaging one of the grooves and turning the lever handle the stuffing nut is tightened. The No. 7 Valve is regularly supplied with lever handle. It can however be sup plied with wood wheel, lock shield or closed tops (the two latter styles being intended for forced hot water systems). Extension stems and handles and chain operated valves are also made. List Price--No. 7 Valve with %-in. connections in Lever Handle, Wood Wheel, Lock Shield and Closed Top Types.............--.................................................................$6.00 List Price--No. 7 Valve with Extension Stem and Handle............................ 310.00 List Price--No. 7 Valve with Chain Wheel....................................................... ..$12.00 No. 7 Valve with Wood Wheel No. 7 Valve with Lock Shield ' No. 7 Valve wilk Chain Wheel . NO. 8 AND 9 RETURN LINE VALVES Hoffman Return Line Valves have an established reputation for efficiency and consistency of operation. This has been obtained in service under both high and low pressures and also in various impartial laboratory tests. Originally designed for low pressure service they have been improved from time to time, without changing the original principles and adhering to the same dimensions so that present thermostats may be installed in valves of first manufacture, and also without making changes or adjustments of any sort valves may be installed under pressures of 50 ib. Under high pressures the valves operate as sensitively and accurately as under 1 oz. or less. . The wide range of pressure makes it possible to standardize on Hoffman Valves in hotels, hospitals, factories, etc, where they are use on the heating system as well as for draining steam heated kitchen utensils, sterilizers, driers and other equipment using steam in manufacturing processes. .' Installed in systems where steam is supplied through a reducing valve, proper trap operation is assured.even if reducing valve fails to function and admits high pres sure steam to the system, for within its working range the trap operates with the same degree of sensitiveness. . 307 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) . The thermostatic member of the No. 8 and No. 9 Valves is held in a cage which rests on a shoulder in the valve body. The, thermostat is removable and may be inter changed from one valve to another of the same size without need for adjustment. This feature is appreciated by engineers who require the removal of thermostat from valves ' until the system is thoroughly clean and likewise by con tractors who comply with such specifications. To fulfill this requirement extreme care and accuracy must be exercised in manufacture. By a special process all manufacturing irregu larities are eliminated in a final operation before assembling so that each and every thermostat will have the same valve opening for the same temperature drop. I, Manufacturers of thermostatic devices have al- j ways and most of them still are having difficulty in obtaining a diaphragm metal which will not 9 stretch or soften under repeated action and in high temperatures. The softening of the metal and the stretching results in improper valve action and ultimately the vent port is permanently closed because of the elongation of the thermostat. The Hoffman Laboratory after extensive research No. 8 Return developed a special diaphragm alloy. Comparative tests indicate Line Valve that this alloy cannot be equalled in the field of valve manufacture. The alloy is tough, durable, will not soften or stretch and insures a continued and unin terrupted service for a period far in excess of the regular Five-Year Hoffman Guarantee. The Valve body is made of high-grade steam metal, cap and tail piece of hot brass forgings having a tensile strength three times that of cast brass. No. 8 Valves are made in J4-in. size, in angle, straightway, right and left-hand offset patterns. No. 9 Valve is made in angle pattern only. . No. 8 Right or Left Offset Pattern DATA AND LIST PRICES STYLE . Diameter Maximum Size Valve Port Capacity Square Feet No. 8 Straightway......................................... No. 9 Angie............................................ .............. V'vhSs* VS vVvvsssS VS' 200 200 200 200 600 DIMENSIONS AB m iy 2H Ift 2H . H 2H 3ft if* C i 154 List Price 56.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 No. 9 Valve furnished with j-in. Port for pressure above 15 lbs. 308 Hoffman Specially Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT (Continued) NO. 10 VAPOR VALVE The No. 10 Vapor Valve is intended for venting the return mains in vapor systems or for other conditions where a large capacity vent is re quired. The vent port is %-in. in diameter. For preventing the escape of water the valve has a large buoyant.float which has a double valve, one disc controlling the 2-in. port and the other an auxiliary port i%-in. diameter. When water recedes from the valve and pressure is maintained No. ioBoffman the ffe-in. port is first opened and as the air pressure is relieved the %-in. 0 0Vapor Valve p rt pensanc| fu|] venting capacity is obtained. The thermostat is located above the float chamber and controlls a separate port. The valve is of rugged construction, nickel-plated all over.. .. List Price--No. 10 Valve with ^-in. connections........................$25.00 NO. II VAPOR VACUUM VALVE The No. 11 Valve is similar in construction to the No. 10, but with the addition of a check on the upper port which prevents the return of air to the system through the vent port. List Price--No. 11 Valve with 5^-in. connections........................$28.00 No. tl Hoffman Vapor Vacuum Valve. NO^ 12 BLAST TRAP . The No. 12 Trap embodies the: desirable feature of open bucket or float traps in that it relieves condensation immediately upon its arrival at the trap regardless of the water temperature. Coupled with tKefloat is a thermostatic member which positively overcomes the chief difficulty with float traps by auto matically relieving air as well as condensation from the system. The normal position of the valve is open and this is held until steam reache? it when closure takes place. If small quantities of condensation flow to the trap the ther mostat functions and relieves the water, but if large amounts of condensation, beyond the capacity of the No. is Blast Trap thermostat reach the trap, the float lifts the thermostat from its seat and maximum capacity is obtained. As a part of the trap a strainer is supplied, having a heavy brass screen. Trap is made of Cast Iron; float of drawn brass and seat of bronze. . List Price--No. 12 Blast Trap with Strainer, 1-in. Pipe connections............... $30.00 TABLE OF NOMINAL CAPACITIES_______________________________ Pressure, lb. per sq. in..................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 Capacity. Ib. per hr.......................................................... 400 450 500 550 625 780 900 960 309 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) DIFFERENTIAL LOOP The Differential Loop is the safety device for maintaining a steady water line in vapor and vapor vacuum systems. It is entirely automatic, non-adjustable and has no moving parts to stick at a critical moment. Through its use water is permitted to rise in the return main a certain predetermined amount when the loop functions, blowing over a small quantity of steam which closes the No. 10 or 11 Valve installed on the loop for venting the system and then compresses the air which is "bottled up*' in the return main and builds up a pressure which prevents further rise of water in the vertical part of the return beyond the predetermined amount. As soon as this is accomplished, and the action is almost in stantaneous, the loop reseals and no more steam is blown over until the differential pressure is not maintained. It will be readily seen that; by Hoffman Differ- the alternate blowing over and resealing of the loop, a constant tntiai Loop differential pressure will be maintained between the steam main and Hoffman Differential Loop. return main and also that by the maintenance of this differential regardless of how high the boiler pressure goes circulation will take place in a radiator which is turned on with the return main vent closed through loop action. . ' \ Differential Loops are made in four sizes, having a capacity up to 15,000 sq. ft. of radiation. For larger systems the No. 4 Loops can be installed in a battery or the return mains divided so as to have their load come within the capacity of stand ard loops. N* 4 LOOP No. 1 and No. 2 Loops should not be used where the low point in the dry return is less than 24 in. above boiler water line; with the No. 3 and No. 4 Loops this distance must be at least 30 in. DIMENSIONS AND CAPACITIES AND LIST PRICES OF LOOPS Loop No. 1 2 3 4 AB C DE F G j _K L Ca pacity Sq. Ft. List Price Rad. Va" V/a* w I Vi" %' 18%' 26* 30%' 7%' y. 2000 $50.00 Va \'/a Wa Wi % 18% 26 30% 7% 3 3500 * 75.00 Va V/i l'/2 2 y. 2 2 2 1 25 1 25 32 37% 10 32 37% 10 33/4 7500 100.00 8% 15000 225.00 310 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) 311 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT--(Continued) TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS \ Fig. I shows application of No. 8 and 9 Hoffman Valves for venting and dripping indirect radiator into gravity or vacuum return line. . Fig. 6 shows the proper application of No. 8 or 9 Hoffman Valves for dripping storage tank coils into gravity or vacuum return. Cooling leg to be at least four feet or.more.in length. Fig. 2 shows application of No. 8 or 9 Hoffman Valve for venting and draining indirect radiator into air line, dry or vacuum return. Use No. 12 Valve for large radiators. . Fig. 7 and 8 show typical methods of dripping ends of mains or branches into gravity or vacuum returns,thru No. 9 or 12 Hoffman Valves. Cooling leg to be at least '5 feet or more in length. Fig. 8. Dripping heel of riser thru dirt strainer and venting thru No. 8 or 9 Hoffman Valve into gravity or vacuum return. Cooling legs wherever shown must not be less than 5 feet long. Figs. 4 end 8 show proper application of No. 8 or 9 Hoffman Valves for dripping coils. Dirt strainers should be used when steam pressure exceeds 5 pounds. Fig. 8 shows application of No. 8 Hoffman Valve for venting end of steam main into dry return. 312 (ORT RETURN MAM 6RAONG DOWN FROM BOILER ALLOWANCE FOf GRADE OF MAM MOTTMAN DIFFERENTIAL UJOP SIZES Be CAPACITIES LOOP capacity A'nacwr O'PMHO MtC sortaa LE33TMJH ccnKcna* NO | N*E N*3 HI 4 Z4* 24 30 30 1/4" l'/4 'iyt 2 liiii OLOW OFF VALVC*- 313 | i Specialties, Heating Atlanta Baltimore Boston Buffalo Cedar Rapids Illinois Engineering Company . General Offices and Factory: CHICAGO Cleveland Columbus Dallas Detroit Harrisburg Branches and Representatives Houston Indianapolis Kansas City Los Angeles Milwaukee Minneapolis New York Omaha Peoria Philadelphia Portland Richmond Rochester Scranton Seattle Spokane St. Louis San Francisco Wichita PRODUCTS--ILLINOIS HEATING SYSTEMS ECLIPSE STEAM SPECIALTIES Illinois Heating Systems--successfully installed in thousands of Buildings--are the result of over 20 years of special work in this line, and are the ultimate in efficiency and economy. The original vertical seat trap. Dirt does not lie on seatself cleaning, non adjustable, positive in op* eration; durable, will stand 50 lb. steam pressure. Thermo Trap Modulating Valve Illinois Ther m o T r a p-- Quick Opening --only a half turn of handle from open to closed position. Packless, Bakelite handle, steam tight on 50 lbs. pressure. Our Sales-Engineering Organization will be glad to give detailed technical infor mation regarding our products and to advise as to their proper installation. Eclipse Steam Specialties--The old John Davis Co. Eclipse Steam Specialties have been on the market for over 35 years, and embody the improvements and refine ments suggested by this long period of service. These Specialties are quality products, having bronze and monel metal pistons, seat rings and valve parts, the bodies are extra heavy, and every piece of apparatus is carefully steam tested-- under working pressure where same are given--before shipment. Pressure Reducing Valves, for all pres sures and services. - Back Pressure, and Atmospheric Relief Valves. Separators, Oil and Steam, Cast Iron. Exhaust Heads,Steam Traps,all pressures. Non Return or Stop and Check Valves. Pump Governors, Balanced Valves. Float Valves, Expansion Joints, Pipe Strainers. Illinois Supply Valve--Illinois Vapor Systems are capable of operating auto matically on any pressures possible, in a low pressure heating system--from 10 lb. to 20 in. of vacuum. Our improved equipment actually insures operation under vapor--less than atmospheric pres sure--with only two or three firing periods of an hour each per 24 hr. The advantages are healthful, modulated heat, and a fuel saving of 25-80 per cent over other systems of heating. This result is secured by the ILLINOIS HEAT'RETAINER--Browne Patent, a device which marks an epoch in the heating art. The ILLINOIS RETURN TRAP is the improved product of 13 years manufacture and experience, and positively returns water of condensation to the boiler regard less of boiler pressure. Fig. 71--Reducing Valves. For use in Vacuum or low pressure Heat ing Systems. Will reduce to 4 oz. pres sure. ,, , . ,,,. Reducing Valve Catalogs and Bulletins Illinois Heating Systems--88 pages. BULLETINS No. U--Heating Special ties. . No. 21--Vapor System De tails. No. 102-Pressure Redu cing Valves. No. 202-Back Pressure, and Relief Valves. Ex haust Heads. No. 301-Steam Traps. No. 452-N on Return Valves. No. 502-Separators--Oil and Steam. No. 703-Float and Bal anced Valves. 314 Specialties, Heating Kieley & Mueller Co., Inc. 34-38 West 13th Street New York City Agents in all principal cities. Manufacturers of Steam Specialties . Pump Governor Reducing Valve Back Pressure Valve The illustrated specialties make a com plete economy outfit, reducing steam from High to Low pressure; utilizing the exhaust and returning all condensation back to boilers automatically. In addition thereto, we carry a complete line of various Reducing Valves for Steam, Water and Air. Tank Controllers High and Low Pressure Damper Regulators, Return and non-return traps for all- pres sures. Back Pressure Valves for Conden sing and non-condensing Engines. Float and Pump Governor Valves. Controlling devices for Liquid Ammonia and Brine. Our Catalog No. 27 and information on your difficult problems, will be gladly furnished on request. 315 Specialties, Healing 1901-1907 So. Western Avenue Chicago Power and Heating Specialties for Controlling Pressures and Flow of Steam, Water, Air or Gas THE McALEAR HEATING SPECIALTIES Pressure Reducing Valves--used in Low Pressure, Vacuum or Vapor heating systems or any other service where close regulation and absolute con trol is required. USE Fig. 155. 165 and 175 for initial I pressure up to 150 lb. and reducing to service pres sures 0-10 lb. Fig. 185-195 single Seated Valves on dead .... .. ,. n end service where UcAUar Vacuum-Vapor Pressure redliCed preasure Regulating Valve, Full Area is below 10 lb. Fig. 235-245 Spring Weighted type for initial pressures up to 150 lb. and reducing to service pressures above 10 lb. Fig. 255-265 Single Seated Valves for dead end service such as cooking tables, kitchen utensils, laundry mangles, etc. Steam Traps--For draining water of condensation from any steam apparatus or steam mains. Packless Radiator Valves--Are con structed of brass bodies highly nickel plated, wooden lever handles graduated and modulating types. McAlear Pockless Radiator Valve Fig. 38 Wood Wheel-handle, angle pattern. Fig. 40 Wood Wheel handle, corner pattern. Fig. 42 Lever Handle Graduating Type, angle pattern. Lock shield attachment, keys and special extension handles are furnished when requested. Thermostatic Radiator Traps--for the automatic escape of water and air from Low Pressure heating units and close absolutely tight against steam. McAlear Traps arc for either Vacuum or Positive in action. Effi Gravity return. cient in operation. Non- Expansion discs guar adjustabie. self-cleaning anteed for five year and Noiseless Suitable period. MeAltar Steam Trap, Reversible Seat SPECIFY Fig. 685 for pressures up to 30 lbs. Fig. 695 for pressures up to 125 lbs. Fig. 705 for pressures above 125 lbs. Fig. 715 for special low pressures. McAlear Thermostatic Radiator Trap Fig. 28--w Fig. 29--5^" Fig. 33--54" Fig. 34--M" Fig. 36--1"... .150 Sq. Ft. .300 Sq. Ft. .400 Sq. Ft. 600 Sq. Ft. .800 Sq. Ft. McAlear Heating and Power Plant Specialties include Oil Separators, Oil and Grease Traps, Dirt Strainers, Suction Strainers, Vacuum Pump Governors,. Boiler Feeders, Damper Regulators, Steam Separators, Back Pressure and Atmospheric Relief Valves, Return Steam Traps, Air Vents, Stop and Check Valves and many other devices. Catalog No. 27 covering our complete line gladly furnished upon request. 316 Specialties, Heating t?7fonash~2founAer Co. Chicago MONASH New York Thermostatic Return Line Traps, Adjustable and Non-Adjustable Automatic Air Valves for Radiators, Packless Radiator Supply Valves SPECIFICATIONS FOR RETURN LINE TRAPS SUBMITTED TO ARCHI TECTS AND SPECIFYING ENGINEERS TO BE EMBODIED IN THEIR SPECIFICATIONS Dear Sir:-- -' You are, no doubt, desirous of safe-guarding the interest of your Client, and with that point in view, we are submitting for your consideration the wording of specifications for THERMOSTATIC RETURN LINE TRAPS. . . Vacuum Radiator Traps "The Vacuum Radiator Trap shall be of a THERMOSTATIC TYPE, brass or iron body, nickel plated, MONASH OR ANY OTHER of approved make, and the THERMOSTATIC DIAPHRAGM in the TRAP shall be GUARANTEED against fracture or rupture on pressure up to ten pounds. \ The GUARANTEE shall be in writing for a period of TEN YEARS after date of installation and shall be delivered to the Architect in duplicate for trans mission to the Owner of the Building. The TRAPS to be installed, shall be noiseless in operation and the Manu facturer of the TRAPS shall furnish a GUARANTEE in writing that if the TRAPS do not function so, he will have them removed at his expense, and in- ` . stall in their place TRAPS that are noiseless in operation." If some such wording as above, is embodied in your specifications, it will eliminate the use of TRAPS that do not measure up to that standard, for there are TRAPS on the market, that are sold as--noiseless in operation--but in reality, have been found, wanting in this respect, hence-- * * You will agree with us that it is to the benefit of your Client to prote. t him against the installation of TRAPS that are NOT noiseless in operation, and against UP-KEEP COST of the DIAPHRAGM for TEN YEARS. If you desire a.copy of the TEN YEAR GUARANTEE that we furnish or any literature regarding our TRAPS, please drop us a line, and it will be forthcoming. "THIRTY-THREE YEARS of QUALITY VALVE MAKING"--our record. Trusting that the above meets with your idea, we remain, Monash-Younker Co., ' ~~ Chicago--New York 317 Specialties, Heating O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. 5-7-9 Keefe Ave., MILWAUKEE, WIS. Packless Graduated Valves, Ball-Check Return Elbows, Thermo-Nickel Return Traps, Air Exhausters, Vacuum Valves, Vacuum Pressure Gages, Differential Return Traps and Balanced Swing Check Valves. The operation of the "O-E" Perfect Vapor Vacuum-Pressure Sys tem is very simple: vapor generated at boiler passes up through main supply pipe and is admitted to radiator at top through the"0-E" Packless Grad uated Valve. Water of condensation is returned to boiler through a J^-in. "O-E" Elbow. In pass ing through the Elbow the water is first trapped by means of a wall or diaphragm cast in the Elbow, outside of the radi- ^ ator, making a water seal s which . holds the vapor in radiator and prevents it from short circuiting into the return main. Should the Supply Valve of radiator be closed and con densation form a vacuum any water that might be in the return pipes is prevented from returning to radiator by the "O-E" Patent Elbow, which is equipped with a small brass ball operating on a smooth guide or track, and so arranged that when a vacuum takes place in radiator ball will immediately roll against port and close it. Elbow is noise less in operation, as water seal is below ball, which is an important feature. As soon as Supply Valve is again opened ball rolls off of seat allowing condensation and air to pass easily and freely into return main. An air vent is tapped in the slot of the screw stop in the return elbow which not only allows air to escape freely into return system when Supply Valve is open, but also equalizes the pressure on both sides of Water Seal, thus preventing it from syphoning out, which it might otherwise do. All air and con densation pass through main return pipe in base ment to a point above boiler where air is separated from water by means of "O-E" Patent Air Ex hauster. The "O- E" Perfect Ball Check Water Seal Union El bow with n Adj ustable z, Air Vent is made in two sizes, H*in., each $3.00. Ca pacity 250 sq.ft. %-in. Capacity 500 sq. ft. The "O-E" Improved Perfect Packless Gradu ated Valve is absolutely Pockless and never requires packing. It is tested by air and water test before ship ment. It is quick opening, little more than one-half turn fully opens or closes it. Sand blasted and nickel plated. The handle being, made of hard rubber, will not crack and is always cool and easy to operate. The graduated dial and pointer admit of partial opening so that just the amount of heat desired can be obtained. All valves are fitted with composition disc on a swivel seat without extra charge. Graduated Supply Disc will be attached when specified, at slight additional cost. List Prices--X in., $4-25; X in-. $5.00; 1 in., $6.00; IX in.. $7.50. laaonTe eoov ) The "O-E" Improved Air Exhauster and Vacuum Valve is -simple and very sensitive, operating as follows: Being connected at a high point above where the return main enters boiler, all air in the system seeks outlet at the Air Exhauster, which is open when there is any air in the system, and as soon as all air is exhausted and heat comes in contact with the Carbon Post in Exhauster, same expands and forces the Special Bronze Ball against the seat, closing the port. When closed system will cool slightly causing a vacuum which will hold ball on seat. As soon as vacuum is lost ball will roll away from seat and permit air to escape freely and quickly. The Improved cap locks the expansion post after it is properly adjusted and also holds post in a rigid horizontal position. All Exhausters are set for or dinary use, but can be adjusted to suit any particular system to which they are attached. All Exhausters are threaded for 1-in. I. P. both inlet and outlet. Made in one size only, 1-in., each $10.00. Cap acity 2,500 sq. ft. ` We also announce the Thermo-Nickel Re turn Trap, a combination thermostatic trap with a ball-check and many new features. Ask for descriptive bulletin. 318 Specialties, Heating The Reliance Gauge Column Co. 5918 Carnegie Avenue CLEVELAND, OHIO Manufacturers of Reliance Safety Water Columns, Electric Low Water Alarms, Gauge Cocks, Water Gauges, Seamless Copper Floats, Steam Traps. gauge cocks are tapped in the front section, use the Reliance Junior equipped with the Reliance Electric Pressureless Alarm. Reliance Columns, including all fittings --gauge cocks, water gauges, floats and electric alarm--are guaranteed to be per fect in materials, workmanship and opera tion. Reliance No. 0 Column with Electric Pressureless Alarm for Heating Boilers This is the new safety water column for heating plants, replacing the plain column with a low-water alarm. . It is especially necessary where the attendant is gen erally absent from the boiler room. The device gives a startling alarm when for any reason the water level in the boiler falls to a predetermined point. The signal may be bell, red light or buzzer in janitor's quarters or anywhere else desired in the building. The column works equally well on pres sure, vapor or vacuum systems. It is easily attached to the boiler. For boilers equipped with plain columns; use Reliance Column No. 0; where water gauge and Reliance Junior Low-Water Alarm Column Fitted with Electric Prcssureless Alarm This column was designed for use where water gauges and gauge cocks are tapped in the boiler shell or the front section. It is intended especially for heating plants, tire repair shops, creameries, bakeries, laun dries, saw mills, hoisting engines, etc. It costs little and is easy to install. A mark cast on the outside shows the water level at which it signals. Usual . Reliance quality--as in our complete line of safety water columns for all boiler service. We are the manufacturers also of the Reliance Solid-Shell Float, " The Quality Float for Quality Toilet. Tanks." 319 Specialties, Heating Sarco Go., Inc. Buffalo 233 Broadway, NEW YORK Philadelphia Cleveland Detroit Chicago RADIATOR, BLAST AND STEAM TRPS, TEMPERATURE CONTROL RADIATOR TRAP SARCO The Sarco Radiator Trap is oper ated by the expansion and contraction of a very sensi tive liquid. A slight change of tern* perature causes a wide open move ment of the valve. Its positive action keeps radiators thoroughly drained, preventing water hammer and air binding and increasing the heating value of every pound of coal burned. The life of the spirally corrugated ex pansion element in the Sarco exceeds many times that of annularly corrugated tubes because its movement at any point of the tube is so slight that it is hardly percep tible, due to the stress in expansion and contraction being distributed evenly over the entire surface. Even if scale does reach the seat, it is practically impossible for it to collect there, for line contract only is had between the cone and seat of the valve. The Sarco can be shipped without ele ments so that when operating as a gravity system all the scale and dirt can be washed out. The elements can then be easily dropped into place and the trap will func tion perfectly. Removing the elements does not affect the adjustment because they are not at tached to the body or cap. The Sarco is factory adjusted. Brass castings are free from blow-holes or other defects and are exceptionally SARCO RADIATOR TRAP SPECIFICATIONS Size inches Length over all inches Distance, center of Inlet to face of Outlet, inches Distance, center of Valve to face of Inlet, inches y. m m 2>/t y. m i'/. IV, Write for Steam Trap Bulletin. heavy. There is no danger of cracking or straining the trap when connecting same. Made in ^ and % in. sizes for vacuum, vapor and steam heating systems at pres sures up to 25 lb. * Booklet 112 on request. SARCO TEMPERATURE REGULATOR Operated by an ex tremely sensitive liquid, the Sarco Temperature Regulators are instantly . responsive to the sligh test fluctuations in the temperature of atmos phere or liquids. They are entirely self- contained and operated. No electrical, compressed air or other outside at tachments are required for their operation. There are no rubber or leather diaphrams or complicated perishable parts. The Sarco costs less than any other dependable control and is easily in stalled. There is no cost for operating. Sarco Regulators oper ate steam, water and gas Type T. R. 21 for A ir Ducts and Tanks valves to 6 in. They have 6 ft. of connecting tubing between elements, which can be increased where conditions necessitate. Supplied for any temperature between 30 and 300 deg. fahr. Ask for Booklet 77. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SPECIFI CATIONS Size Weight In. Lbs. Vi 8 V4 8 19 1'/4 13 1 Vi 22 2 28 l'/i 37 3 51 4 8t 5 132 6 158 Face to Face of Valve. In. 2>/. 2>/ 1% 5 6 7'/. 8>/. 13V, IS'/, 18 ' List Price T.R.21 $75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 115.00 130.00 170.00 225.00 275.00 List Price K. R. 14 $60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 85.00 95.00 110.00 125.00 165.00 215.00 265.00 Write for description of SARCO RECORDING' AND INDICATING THERMOMETERS. 320 Specialties, Heating I Stickle Steam Specialties Company Main Office and Works Indianapolis, Ind. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE BOSTON OFFICE Machinery Dept., The Bourse PRODUCTS * 52 Sudbury St. Steam Traps. Vacuum Heating Specialties. Feed Water Heaters. Oil and Steam Separators. Damper Regulators. Pressure Redu cing and Controlling Valves. Unit and Blast Coil Heaters. \ no friction. Valve rotates on the seat and is regrinding. Large thermic vacuum traps on blast coil service maintain a guaranteed perfect circulation. Ask for catalogue. The Stickle Radiator Trap is of the open bucket type. Our basic patent is "The air by-pass under and through the valve:" The trap is wide open when steam is first turned on, same as a thermostatic trap, leaving free passage for air. Will not close until condensate is all discharged. It then closes and does not allow steam to escape. It will operate under the higher steam pressures without injury. S. S. S. Hot Blast Unit Heater This type of radiation is so constructed that it can be operated under vacuum.. It is made up of horizontally disposed sec tions, 9" wide and 36" long, making a continuous steam liberating space in each section. The condensation that forms flows in a thin film on the bottom of the section in the presence of steam, causing revaporization. High temperature con densation is as effective as steam in transmitting heat in this coil. We build them in the small unit type as well as in the larger sizes for indirect heating and ventilating. N.J Stickle Steam Traps Stickle Steam Traps are made in four Stickle Pilot Operated Back Pressure classes, Class A high pressure; Class B low Release Valve pressure; Class,T Thermic Vacuum, and Pop Valve. Simplicity of construction and years of practical steam trap ex perience have placed this line of steam traps in hundreds of the large manufac- ` turing industries. Positive action due to Positive action guaranteed, opening andclosing with }/& lb. variation in pressure. The controlling pilot valve can be located at the most convenient point for attention, in the engine room if desired. The main valve can be located at any remote point. 321 i Specialties, Heating VAPOR-VACUUM DIVISION The Trane Company Za Orosse, Wis. New York, Boston, Cleveland, Buffalo. Salt Lake City. Philadelphia, Detroit, Washington, D. C., Portland, Ore., Seattle, Knoxville, Greensboro, N. C. The Trane System of Vapor Heating, Patented Heating Specialties Trane Automatic Electric Pumps, For All Purposes Trane Direct Return Trap For returning the water of condensation of any heating system to the boiler during periods when pressure difference between boiler and return pipe is such as to prevent the returning of the condensation by gravity. This efficient device allows steam to enter the trap whenever the trap body becomes filled with water, thereby equali zing the pressure and allowing the water to return to the boiler by gravity. The Trane Direct Return-Trap mech anism is all inside the case, as shown in the accompanying cut.- Because of its simple, efficient construction this trap requires no attention after being installed. Note that it has no stuffing boxes, outside joints, or weights. Complete detailed drawings for install ing are furnished with each trap. Trane Thermetal Radiator Trap The distinctive feature of this trap is that it has no diaphragm. In all other respects, there is no radical departure in its entire construction from the best accepted principles of radiator trap construction. Eliminating the diaphragm eliminates all Semi^scctional view of Trap, showing Ther metal member in position. This trap has a safety factor offourteen source of trouble. This trap is fully as sensitive as the delicate diaphragm type of trap, yet so rugged that it is not injured by high pressure. The thermostatic member in the Trane Trap is made entirely of metal. No liquids are used, arid nothing can happen to render its force inoperative., Use it on all two-pipe vapor or vacuum systems, in residences, apartments, hotels, factories, warehouses, garages, schools, churches, hospitals, offices, etc. Trane Thermetal Traps meet the highest engi neering standards as well as the practical need for an absolutely dependable and permanent radiator trap. Trane Direct Return Trap in Section. Note that this Trap has no Stuffing Boxes, Outside Joints, or Weights Bulletins on other specialties, on The Trane System of Vapor Heating, and on Trane Pumps are obtainable for the asking. . 322 Specialties, Heating Warren Webster & Company Camden, N. J. Branches in All Principal Cities Heating Systems, Heating and Power Specialties The Webster Heating Specialties in clude: Radiator Traps--Sylphon Bellows and Diaphragm types--for the automatic removal of air and water from radiators, coils, blower sections and other forms of apparatus emitting heat due to con densation of low pressure steam. Heavy-duty Traps for discharging unusually large volumes of air and water from low-pressure radiating units. This is a float trap with a built-in thermostatic trap in the air-pass. For steam pressures ranging from 15 to 50 lb. per sq. in. a similar trap is known as the Webster High Differential Heavy-duty Trap. Double-Service Valves for accomplishing the two-fold purpose of draining down-feed risers and supplying steam to radiators at adjacent points. Vent Traps are used in Modulation and other Open Return Heating Systems for ensuring the automatic removal of air from the return and the discharge of the condensation to the boiler, when the pres sure difference between the boiler and the main return is normally less than the available gravity head between the return main and the boiler. Where the design of the system requires a continuous operating steam pressure varying from two or three pounds to oc casionally ten pounds, or where special grades of fuel make it difficult at times to maintain a low steam pressure, even with careful firing, the Webster Boiler Return Trap is installed. This trap alternately frees the system of air and returns the condensate to the boiler regardless of the pressure in the boiler or in the return piping. , Modulation Valves are especial ly desirable as radi ator supply valves where graduated or modulat ed heat ing as well as quick heating are the objective. Quick-opening Radiator Valves are of the highest quality of construction and are similar to Modulation Valves without the graduation feature. . High-pressure Sylphon Traps are used for draining sterilizers, kitchen equipment or other apparatus using steam at pressures up to 100 lb. per sq. in. Miscellaneous Specialties for Webster Heating Systems include Oil Separators, Grease and Oil Traps, Dirt Strainers, Suction Strainers, Lift Fittings, Vacuum Governors, Air-Separating Tanks, Hydro pneumatic Tanks, Vacuum Controllers, Conserving Valves, Low-pressure Boiler Feeders, Damper Regulators, Water Ac cumulators, Expansion Joints, Vapor Economizers, etc. Webster Power Specialties include FeecT Water Heaters,' Heater Meters, Steam Separators, etc. See our Service Bulletins or Data Books for complete description of apparatus, and its application to Webster Systems. 323 Temperature Control Equipment Johnson Service Company Milwaukee, Wis. BRANCHES: ALBANY. N. Y., 279 S. Manning Boulevard ATLANTA, GA., 72 Marietta Street BOSTON, MASS., 31 Waltham Street BUFFALO. N. Y., 2 Erie County Bank Bldg. DALLAS, TEXAS, 324 N. Ervay Street CHICAGO. ILL., 177.North Dearborn Street CINCINNATI, OHIO, 319 Gwynne Building CLEVELAND. OHIO. 2028 East 22nd Street DENVER. COLO.. 517 Boston Building DES MOINES. IOWA, 210 Masonic Temple DETROIT, MICH., 42 Montcalm Street. West INDIANAPOLIS, IND.'. Ill Pembroke Arcade KANSAS CITY, MO., 411 East Tenth Street ' MILWAUKEE. WIS., 149 Michigan Street . LOS ANGELES. CAL., 605 Van Nuys Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 308 Third Ave., South NEW YORK. N.Y., 118 East Twenty-eighth Street PHILADELPHIA. PA., 258 S. Van Pelt PITTSBURGH. PA., Century Building PORTLAND. ORE.. 401 Failing Building SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH. 610 McIntyre Bld. SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.. 417 Rialto Building ^ SEATTLE, WASH., 452 Colman Building ST. LOUIS. MO., 14 North Twelfth Street CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVE: Johnson Temperature Regulating Company of Canada, Limited . OFFICES: CALGARY. ALTA, 605 Second Street. West TORONTO. ONT., 145 Wellington Street VANCOUVER. B. C., 550-6th Avenue. West WINNIPEG, MAN.. 259 Stanley Street MONTREAL. QUE., 127 Madison Ave., Notre Dame de Grace Products and Services Engineers and Contractors for the Control of Temperature or Humidity for any purpose and over every range used in manufacturing purposes or buildings, furnishing and installing: Temperature Controlling Apparatus for any and all kinds of heating and ventilat ing systems. Temperature Controlling Apparatus for any industrial process requiring the medium of heat. ' . Control of Humidity in industrial pro cesses requiring artificial humidity. Temperature Control of hot water tanks and all liquids. . Control of Temperatures of refrigerating and cold storage plants. Thermostat Control of electric motors on automatic refrigerating. Manufacturers of Thermostats and Other Apparatus for the Control of Temperatures and Humidity, including: Pneumatic Room and Insertion Ther mostats and Humidostats. Electric Room and Insertion Thermo stats and Humidostats. "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm and Rub ber Diaphragm Valves. , Low Pressure, Limited Capacity, Elec tric Air Compressors. Low Pressure, Limited Capacity, Hy draulic Air Compressors. . Air and Water Reducing Valves. Pneumatic Switches or Push Buttons. 324 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment Specific Applications of Temperature . Control Bake ovens for enamels, japans, etc. Core drying ovens. Drying room for paint, varnish, patent leather, etc. Storage room for tobacco, rubber or similar goods. Cold storage rooms, fur vaults, etc. Canning machinery, cookers, exhaus ters, processors. Corn and oats drying apparatus. Fruit drying apparatus. Johnson Positive Acting Metal . Diaphragm Thermostat The only thermostat on the market provided with positive snap action for closing and opening the radiator valve quickly, positively and fully, which is necessary with steam heat. Indicator and Cut-off It is the only ther mostat having an indicator which will show at a glance whether the thermo stat has the heat turned on or off. A cut-off is provided for shutting the heat off permanently when desired. . Johnson Gradu ated Acting Ther mostat This thermostat is ideal for controlling mixing dampers ad mitting hot and tem pered air to the room in which the thermo stat is located. The graduated action con sists in automatically Model Positive Metal maintaining the hot Diaphragm Thermostat and tempered air blades of the mixing damper at just the right relative position to deliver a mixture of air that will keep the rooms at a uni form temperature. When the tempera ture reaches the point at which the thermo stat is set to operate, it will hold the mix ing dampers in an intermediate position. Thermostat Covers The covers which conceal the thermostat proper are small, incon spicuous and very neat in design and workmanship. There are two distinct styles: one called the R type and onecalled the P type. The R type, is a die-casting, very beautifully de signed and used generally in resi dences and other handsomely dec orated buildings. Model R. /. Cover 4%"x2"xiy$" deep The P type is a pressed metal cover, very finely finished but not as ornamental and artistic as the R cover, and used more generally in schools, office buildings, hospitals and places where simple and neat design is desired rather than artistic and ornamental. Johnson Pneumatic Insertion Thermostat Designed to^control temperatures with in closed air chambers or ducts. The body of thermostat is a dust-proof case containing the two working parts and extending outside the chamber. 325 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment This thermostat is made either positive or graduated acting. Applications Adaptable for use in bake ovens for enamels, japans, etc.; drying.rooms for paints, varnishes, patent leather, etc.; storage rooms fori tobacco, rubber or! similar goods; ster ilizers or pasteur izers; cold storage rooms, fur vaults, etc.; refrigerator Pneumatic Insertion Thermostat machine control; hu midity control for air washers; flue gas temperature con trol; hot blast heating plants; combi nation tempered ventilation and hot blast systems; greenhouses, turkish bath rooms, etc.; tempered ventilation for buildings. Johnson Calibrated Thermostat This is an especially high grade insertion thermostat for use where it is desired to change frequently the adjustment to op Multiple Insertion Thermostat Similar to the insertion duct thermo stat, excepting that one multiple thermo stat takes the place of a number of sepa rate duct thermostats set for dif ferent tem peratures. The 4-point multiple thermostat shown will operate four separate dia- p h rag m valves at as many differ ent tempera tures. It has Multiple Insertion Thermostat become very popular with heating engi neers for the control of heating and tempering coils where it is desired to have these coils turn on at different temperatures. It is made to work with positive action when controlling valves; with graduated action when controlling dampers; or with both positive and graduated action when controlling valves and dampers. erate at different temperatures. It is operated by compressed air 'at 15 lb. per Tank Thermostat sq. in., and used to control temperatures of liquids and air by automatically open ing and closing a diaphragm valve or damper. Graduations made to meet re quirements, limited to a total range of 60 degree and to minimum space of 2% - degree. `. Designed for insertion through 1-in. tapped hole in tank and controlling, in the case of hot water tanks, a diaphragm valve on the supply pipe to the steam coils in the tank. It can be used to control the temperature of any liquid, either hot or cold. It is especially adaptable for con trolling the temperature of water in hot 326 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment water heating plants by its control of the boiler draft doors. Humidity Control The supplying of moisture to the heated air in buildings and the automatic control of the percentage of moisture in this air are recognized by authorities to be as important as maintaining proper tem peratures. Humidostats and Humidifiers The humidostat automatically controls the supply of moisture delivered to the air by* a humidifier and maintains a con stant percentage of relative humidity. It operates a diaphragm valve on the steam coils in the pan humidifier. The pan is provided with float box to maintain constant water level and is located in the ventilating air duct leading throughout the building. Steam jet and water spray types of humidifiers are also furnished. Pneumatic Switch Control Remote valve and damper control plays, by means of our pneumatic switches, a very important part in the economical operation of the modern heatingplant especially in schools. It saves the janitor'stime for other duties, and makes it pos sible to accomplish re Pneumatic Switch suits in the operation of the heating plant which can not be obtained in any other way. It makes it easy to operate the fresh air, return air and vent dampers, with the corresponding assurance that these dampers will be economically op erated as intended by the heating engineer. The following types of pneumatic switches for different purposes and dif ferent conditions are made: Lever Handle Switch, .. ."Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm Valves Push Button Switch, This valve having an in destructible 1- piece metal diaphragm, is permanent and requires no repairs, its value for the control of steam is ob vious and par ticularly so in connection with steam coils, registers in wall boxes "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm where exces- . Valve sive heat would destroy rubber diaphragms: Indicating Switch, to open and close dampers partially as desired. Electro Pneumatic Switch, to open and close dampers automatically--with the starting and stopping of fan motors. Time Valve Control Simple device for automatically and periodically opening and closing a dia phragm valve. . Has many applications, such as peri odically flushing of toilets, etc. Being simpler and more powerful in action, it is much superior to float tanks. Eightday clock valve mechanism operates dia phragm valve on water supply by means of compressed air.. Valve may be op erated from 1 to 4 times per hour and for periods of 15 seconds to 5 minutes. 327 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment How to. Specify Furnish and install a complete system of automatic temperature regulation and humidity control, furnishing all neces sary thermostats, valves, dampers, hu midifiers, special devices, air compressors, piping and fittings, and labor of installing system, except setting valves and dampers in position--all in accordance with the following schedule and detailed speci fication: * pressor shall be of sufficient size to operate the system, with a factor of safety not less than 3, and requiring that it be provided with all necessary governing devices, fit tings* gage, etc. Humidostats--Specify Johnson Humidostat and Humidifier, stating the kind of humidifier, whether perforated steam . or copper evaporating pan. Schedule--State the rooms to be con trolled and number of thermostats in each; the manner in which the tempered air, if there is any, is to be controlled; the manner in which the drafts of the boiler are to be controlled; and specify the manner of the control of any fresh air, vent or return air dampers, stating the location and number of switches. Thermostats--Specify Johnson Metal Diaphragm Model Thermostat, size, in. by 2 by 1 in.; and state whether it is to have residence or school cover, indicating device, positive shut-off, and whether it is to be positive or intermediate motion: Specify the number and kind of inserted thermostats. Valves--Specify Johnson Metal Dia phragm Valve having the "Sylphon" Metal Bellows for its diaphragm. State whether valves are to be plain or nickelplated. with or without unions; add: Valves to be placed in position by heating contractor. Air Compressors--Specify kind of air compressor (steam, hydraulic, electric or power.driven), requiring that the air com Dampers--Specify that dampers shall be made by the heat regulating contrac tor, but installed by the galvanized iron contractor, and that dampers shall consist of wrought iron frames, sheet steel blades, strongly cleated, with brass bearings. Guarantee--Require that system be complete in every respect, and that all necessary material and special fittings shall be furnished whether specifically mentioned or not. Require that entire system be guaranteed free from all orig inal defects in material and workmanship, and that any parts proving defective or wearing out within 2 years from date of completion shall be replaced free of charge. Require that thermostats shall operate the valves-or dampers to which they are at tached, at a variation of not to exceed 1 degree above 6r below any given point. Contracting This company contracts to furnish and install in complete working order the Johnson System of Temperature Control, including thermostats, valves, piping, etc. 328 Temperature Control Equipment GENERAL OFFICES AND FACTORY: CHICAGO, ILL. 2719 GREENVIEW AVENUE GENERAL EASTERN OFFICES: NEW YORK, N. Y. 126 EAST 44th STREET BOSTON. MASS. CINCINNATI. OHIO DETROIT. MICH. * DES MOINES. IOWA MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. EL PASO. TEXAS CLEVELAND. OHIO BUFFALO. N. Y. BRANCHES AND SERVICE STATIONS: ROCHESTER. N. Y. . SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. ST. LOUIS. MO. PITTSBURGH. PA. SEATTLE, WASH. KANSAS CITY. MO. SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH INDIANAPOLIS, IND. CHARLOTTE. N. C. LOS ANGELES. CAL. BUTTE. MONT. MILWAUKEE. WIS. PORTLAND. ORE. BALTIMORE. MD. PHILADELPHIA. PA. THE CANADIAN POWERS REGULATOR CO.. LTD.. TORONTO, ONT. BRANCHES: MONTREAL. WINNIPEG, CALGARY. VANCOUVER Products and Services Automatic Temperature Controlling Systems, applying them, under the super vision of the Powers engineers, to the heat ing plants, new or old, in residences, offices, factories, schools, institutions; and to any other condition of artificial heating where uniform temperature is desired. Auto matic Heat Regulating Devices for con trolling hot water and other tank heaters, hot water lines, shower baths, mixing hot and cold water, cold water and steam, and other operations of a similar character. Heating systems, and the requirements for temperature control, vary widely in detail. Special study should be given each case, so that its particular requirements may be intelligently handled. Much of the dissatisfaction experienced with some temperature regulating apparatus is due to the attempt to force a ready-made in flexible system or device to meet special requirements, taking no account of the conditions peculiar to the situation to be treated. Temperature Controlling Appliance . . Powers thermostats are accurate in their working and will maintain their adjust ment. They are of the vapor disc type, exclusive with Powers regulators, and the only type not thrown out of adjustment by extremes of temperature or long disuse. For over 30 years this has been the standard of ther mostatic control by which all other methods are measured. In design, Powers thermo stats, are second to none in beauty and perfection of finish; in size, as small as is consistent with the re- Residence liability so necessary in such Thermostat instruments;* in operation, sure, with gradual or positive action, as conditions require. Diaphragm radiator valves, diaphragm mo tors, mixing dampers and other equipment are especially rugged in con struction, dependable, and durable; built re gardless of expense, wherever strength is needed for ef ficiency and long service. Motive power used in these sys- AlUMetal Rad^Jor Valve terns is compressed air. The company builds its own air com pressors, operated by steam, electricity or water, and characterized by their relia bility, noiseless operation, perfect control Installations Installations of Powers sys tems are invari ably made by this company. At each branch office is main tained a com petent engineer ing and erecting force, sparing no expense to main tain the high est efficiency. Powers special devices, how ever, are easily installed by any engineer or con tractor. Valve Attached to Radiator 329 The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment Prices Price for Powers Reg ulation covers the system installed complete, and is only named after a care ful study of the require ments. Our price is not lowest, but no other sys tem will be found as effi cient and economical. Customers are served with the sole aim of get ting results for them; and experience shows that sat isfactory service from a temperature controlling system is of much more importance than its first cost. Self-contained, requiring no water or other auxiliary operating power. All-metal. Of great durability, guaranteed accurate arid positive in action. Very easily installed. Largely used on hot water tanks and heaters, glue heaters, paraffin and grease tanks, etc. No. 12 Regulator, same as No. 11, with lever instead of spring equipment. On request, it is furnished complete with chains and pulleys, for control of dampers / of auxiliary coal burning tank heater, both heat sources being controlled with one regulator. m Diaphragm Motor Mixing Dampers Typical Installation on No. 11 Regulator in Hoi Water Heater ' Specifications An opportunity is solicited to submit to any architect or engineer a detailed speci fication, accompanied by a guaranteed price, to cover complete system of tem perature control installed, the price to hold if specification is used. This guarantees full protection to the client against ad vantage being taken of a close specifica tion. This company will gladly collabo rate with architect or engineer in pre liminary plans. As specialists in tempera ture control, The Powers Regulator Co. has unusual facilities for solving problems in this particular field. Tank Temperature Regulation No. 11 Regulator controls temperature of liquids of all kinds under all conditions. For more detailed information on No. 11 or No. 12, ask for Bulletin No. 129. Price List, No. 11 and No. 12 Regu lators Complete with Valves Size of valve, in. Vi Vi 1 1'/. V/i 2 m Price $60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80 00 90.00 95.00 Size of valve; in. 3 3'/2 4 5 6 8 Price $100.00 110.00 120.00 175.00 200.00 250.00 Screwed union valves up to lj^-in. inclusive. 2-in., 2}4-in. and 3-in., screwed iron body; larger. sizes, iron body flanged. Flexible connecting tube is 6 ft. long for size lM in. and smaller; 8 ft. for ' 2 to 4 in. inclusive; and 10 ft. for larger sizes. Ex tra charge for special lengths. Bulb lenghts, 14 to 24 in. requiring 1-in. and 1^-in. tapping. ' . Liberal discount to the trade. 330 The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment Water Line Temperature Regulation Shower Bath Controller This device furnishes absolute thermo static control of the water supply to shower baths, either singly or in gangs. Entirely automatic in operation, and ther mostatically controlled against scalding. Will cut off hot water completely, if cold water supply fails. Made in several sizes, to control from 1 shower to 50. ^ . The larger sizes may be installed in the hot water line, to prevent extremely hot Regularly furnished with maximum temperature adjustment of 110 deg. fahr. Higher ad justment ^a:OuUet*61^ f u rnish e d when speci fied. Always state purpose for which control ler will be used. water from going to the bathroom, sav Smaller sizes, ^ ing wear and tear on the fixtures, but per mitting the kitchen arid laundry to take it as hot as may be desired. Furnished com plete as illustrated, with unions, strainers, and check valves, ready to connect. full nickel fin- Hot Water ish. Larger sizes, black en amel or alu ^ Adjust Here minum finish. Shower Bath Conlroller PRICE LIST. POWERS SHOWER BATH CONTROLLERS Pipe Sizes Capacity, No. Description Inlet. in. Outlet. in. gals, per min. Price Individual 1 Nickeiplated brass body, screwed connections........... Vi 3 ' Nickelplated brass body, screwed connections........... v.t 4 Nickelplated brass body, screwed connections........... 5 Galvanized iron bodies, painted, flanged connections:. '/. 6 Galvanized iron bodies, painted, flagned connections.. I Vi 7 Galvanized iron bodies, painted, flanged connections. . 2 8 Galvanized iron bodies, punted, flanged connections. . ' 2/r y. 1 !/. i'/j 2 v/i m shower25 50 80 100 150 200 . $100.00 125.00 150.00 175.00 185.00 200.00 225.00 Capacities are based on 40 lb. water pressure, Liberal discount to the trade. For more detailed description ask for Bulletin No. 124. Thermostatic Water Heater A safe, sure and accurate method of heating water with high pressure steam. Thermostatically controlled. Adapted to workmen's wash sinks, shower baths, etc., in factories, mines and other industrial plants, and to a great variety of purposes where a supply of warm or hot water of a specified temperature is desired at ir regular intervals. Warm Water Outlet Clean Out Phis Typical Installation of Thermostatic Water Heater in Workmen's Wash Sinks Thermostatic Water Heater PRICE LIST. STEAM AND WATER MIXERS Pipe Sizes Capacity, Shipping No. Inlet, in. Outlet, gals, per min. Steam Water in. weight, lbs. Price"- 11 Va ' Va 25 2 l'/4 1 l 40 60 $100.00 75 150.00 Liberal discount to the trade. For more detailed information ask for Bulletin No. 137. 331 Temperature Regulation Honeywell Heating Specialties Company Wabash, Indiana Manufacturers of Honeywell and Arco Temperature Regulators for Resi dential or other Heating Plants--Hot Water, Vapor, Steam, or Hot Air. The Honeywell Tem perature Regulator is an automatic device which opens and closes the dampers of the heater (any type) whenever the room temperature varies one degree from that for which the Regulator is set. The Honeywell Tem perature Regulator has but two parts, the ther mostat and the motor. The thermostat is placed on an inside wall at some central location and elec Model 8 Automatic trically controls the op Thermostat eration of the motor, which is located near and connected to the heater. Wall Plate Used on all Honeywell Thermostats The autorrtatic regula tion so effected insures a constant temperature, day and night, minimum fuel consumption and maximum comfort and health. The cost of op eration, even with the electric motor models, is negligible/ The Regulator is made in three types, Gravity Motor, Spring Motor, and Elec tric Motor; and nine models, three of each type. The first model of each type is equipped with plain thermostat, re quiring manual adjustment for day and night temperatures. The second model of each type is equipped with one-day clock pattern thermostat which auto matically brings the room temperature to the degree for which the Regulator is set, at any predetermined hour. The third model of each type is equipped with eightday automatic thermostat which auto matically regulates both the day and night temperatures, at any predetermined de gree and hour, without manual adjust ment of any kind. Gravity Motor Models Model G-4, Plain non-automatic night-to-day temperature regula tion.................................................... $38.00 Model G-6, One-day clock pattern thermostat, automatic night-to day temperature regulation.......... 45.00 Model G-8, Eight-day automatic thermostat, automatic night-to day and day-to-night tempera ture regulation.......................................... 58.00 Spring Motor Models Model 4, Plain non-automatic night-to-day temperature regula tion..................................................... $45.00 Model 6, One-day clock pattern thermostat, automatic night-to day temperature regulation.......... 52.09* Model 8, Eight-day automatic thermostat, automatic night-to day and day-to-night temperature regulation.......................................... 65.00 Electric Motor Models Model 14, Plain non-automatic night-to-day temperature regula tion...................... $70.00 Model 16, One-day clock pattern thermostat, automatic night-to day temperature regulation.......... 77.00 Model 18, Eight-day automatic thermostat, automatic night-to day and day-to-night tempera ture regulation................................. 90.00 PRICES Including all wire, chain, pulleys, brackets, etc., necessary for installation. These prices are subject to trade dis counts. 332 New Type Electric Motor MIMMCA Temperature Regulation ' MAIN OFFICE Minneapolis, Minn. Service Branches in Principal Cities. Mfgs. of Temperature Controlling Devices In addition to the standard line of Minneapolis Heat Regulators for use in residences for the control of the central heating systems, this Company manufac tures the special devices shown below which have a wide range of uses in special work. Our engineering department is always at the.service of the profession in working out special adaptations of these devices. Minneapolis Thermostatic Relay Switch Model No. 65 Hot Water Thermostat This Model is especially made for the. control of domestic hot water supply in residences, apartments, hotels, etc. It can be used to control a coal heater in summer and steam valve in winter. It will give an accurate and dependable control. It is long-lived and fool-proof. Can be used with Minneapolis A. C. or spring motors. Other Uses Control of hot water boilers in residences in connection with room thermostat con trol. . Enameling and bake ovens, dry kilns, glue, oil, paraffin and chocolate vats. Refrigerating systems, etc. Description Size--Diameter, 4 in. Standard Extension, 2 to 4 in. Standard Scale, 100 to 240 deg. On special order instruments can be fur nished with ranges up to 500 deg. and ex tensions up to 24 in. List Price, $20.00. This Switch has extensive uses in the control of electric motors, electric heating units in connection with thermostats. . Send for special bulletin giving complete description and details. List price, $35.00. Model No. 70 Pressure Regulator The Pressure Regulator used in connection with the Thermostat is the ideal instrument in con nection with house heat ing plants, whether steam or vapor. There are two independent sources of control working on the boiler, both temperature and pressure. The pressurestat acts in dual control as a limiting device as theModel No. 65 does on hot water heating installations. It is simple, rugged and sturdy in construction, applicable to any type of pressure control. Standard range 0 to 5 lb., special ranges to order. List price $25.00 each. "List prices subject to trade discounts.** 333 Trade Publications Magazine mu WM: $ V''C- m-s>jfS*m. mimi m r^sffef*5 ^SfVs^Rj.irl-'l Mf'" Ml 4%~~ A Monthly Journal of Engineering Progress Devoted Exclusively to the Field of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Established 1904 The paid circulation of over 2500 comprises Heat ing and Ventilating Engineers, Engineers of Boards of Education, Superintendents of Central Station Heating Plants and the big Heating and Piping Con tractors throughout the United States. The reader interest is maintained by means of original articles by recognized engineers describing the latest ideas successfully applied in the mechanical equipment of various types of buildings such as Schools, Theatres, Hospitals, Apartment Houses, Office Buildings and Factories. Another important feature is the monthly publication of four pages of standard Heating and Ventilating data for use by Engineers in designing and laying out heating and ventilating and air conditioning systems. Page rate 869.00 for single issue; $58.00 on a twelve-months' contract. Over 100 manufacturers of heating and ventilating apparatus and appliances are using the advertising columns of The Heating and Ventilating Maga zine every month in the year. Rate card and detailed A. B. C. statement request. Subscription Price $2.00 per year The Heating and Ventilating Magazine Co. 1123 Broadway New York City Member of Associated Business Papers Member of A udit Bureau of Circulations rgro232SHS5I* 334 Trade Publications JOURNAL of American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 29 West 39t-h S^ treet NmtE"Wiu vYnOoRiKf . NN_-V_L._ THE JOURNAL of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers is the official organ of the Society, whose purpose is to promote the art of heating and ventilating, to act as a medium for the exchange of engineering experience, to standardize the industry by means of codes of design and testing, and to conduct research investigations for ascer tadi-nlllUin-lgg tluhec uuhnecgeirvtaui.n.. f,,a__c_t_o__r_s in_ the art. TheJournal appearing monthly (except February, June and August), is read by 2,500 consulting engineers, architects and contractors actively engaged in heating and ventilating work. It gives them technical articles on important subjects, makes a permanent record of discoveries, experiments and other developments in the industry and thereby keeps them in constant touch with the best thought in the profession. The Society's meetings, news of the local Chapter events, and other happenings in the heating and ventilating field are also reported. . An exclusive service to Journal readers is the presentation of the reports, made by the Society's Research Laboratory, reference data which is invaluable to the engineer, contractor and manufacturer in his daily work. The Journal offers manufacturers the opportunity of placing their equipment hpfnre a large group of discriminating buyers at a minimum cost. The fact that it is the only technical journal exclusively in the heating and ventilating field makes it a most desirable advertising medium and especially so because of its classctrculation. In addition to its proven merit as an advertising medium, its use by.manu facturers indicates their desire to co operate with the Society in advancing the interests of heating and ventilating. advertising rates per issue Space Quarter-page One Year HOW 25.00 15.00 Si* Insertion Contract $47.00 30.00 17.50 Single Insertion $55.00 20.00 Rates for colors, inserts, cover anq v, c- feTTed positions on application. Classified ads per fine of 10 words. $1.00 per insertion. Subscription Rates, U. S. $3.00; Canada $3.25; Foreign $3.50 per year. Valves and Heating Specialties Detroit Iubricator Company DETROIT, U\ S . A . NEW YORK ( CHICAGO ' Largest Manufacturers of Radiator Valves in the World " The "Genuine Detroit" Type "A" Spring and Disc Packless Radiator Valve has been developed to fulfill the need for a radiator valve that will not leak around the stem nor need repacking. It does away with the trouble and expense of leakage to which ordinary valves are subject and its construction makes it perfectly adapted also for use on vacuum systems where tightness is essential. . Its handsome appearance harmonizes with good surroundings and makes it suitable for use in homes, office buildings, hotels etc. Complicated parts are eliminated, so that the Valve is simple in construction and so substantial that it carries the assurance of satisfactory service over a period of years. It is quick opening-- Detroit Type "A" Pack opens and closes with less than a full turn of the handle ana is less Value easy turning. A new and better design of handle is offered for the first time. It is a hard rubber finish, non-heat conductive, molded type, which will not break, lose its finish nor work loose on the stem. Manufactured in angles, corners and globes to 2 in. sizes, and in satin finifh with polished trimmings, nickel plated, Jenkins Bro. discs. The "Genuine Detroit" No. 101 Quick Opening Hot Water Radiator Valve Packed Type is designed to overcome the difficulties of hard turning, always encountered with shell type valves. It operates on the principle of an elliptic swinging plate--set at 45 deg. angle *--which is attached to the stem. By revolving the handle one-half turn to the left, the valve is opened, while one- half turn to the right closes it. The narrow edge of the plate presents a very small area 'of contact with the. body, so that any corrosion or encrustation--due to im purities in the water--is easily broken away. This con struction insures the valve turning easily even after years of service. ' The interior plate is concave so that a passage of true elbow shape through the Valve is developed when the plate is in full open position. This shape offers much less resist ance to the flow than is the case with valves of the shell type, where the liquid is forced to turn at a right angle. It is particularly sturdy in design with a stem which will stand hard usage and is equipped with a new type of non-breakable, non-heat-conducting round handle, with a handsome permanent black hard-rubber finish. The handle has an indicator which travels between two stops on the body marked "off'' and "on," so a glance shows whether the valve is opened or closed. The stuffing box is of gland form and easily adjusted to prevent leakage around the stem. The Equalizing Hot-Water Radiator Valve is a valveof theabove type equipped witha movablestopcol- lar mounted on the neck and which provides a means of securing a uniform flow through each radiator, and permits the system to be easily and perfectly balanced, and perfect circulation insured. The handle pointer engages this collar, creating the "on" position. The adjustment is a very simple exterior one easily made by the fitter after the. valve is installed and the system is in operation. . Detroit No. 105 ' Equalizing Hot Water Valve Specify "Genuine Detroit" Valves and get insurance of constant satisfaction. ' 336 Valves The Dole Valve Company . 1923-1933 Carroll Avenue . Chicago, 111. Manufacturers of a Complete Line of High Grade Packless Radiator Valves and Automatic Air Valves Dole Graduated Packless Radiator Valves A short study of the sectional view shown will indicate that in designing the Dole Packless Graduated Valve every re quirement neces hearty manner, realizing that quality, satisfaction and price are the three out standing features of the Dole Packless Radiator Valve--the valve with the ex clusive feature, Ball-Bearing Construc tion. sary to make a satisfactory 'Graduated or ^Modulating Valve has been considered. Lever Handle Type of Dole packless Should any adjustment be desired after the valve is installed merely loosen octagon nut on top of dial with special wrench which is furnished forthe purpose, turn dial to left to the desired Dole Shurc-Venl Air Valve point, then tighten nut. Vapor or Vacuum Systems are an ac knowledged modern method of Scientific Heating. 1 Dole Packless Graduated Valves have proven particularly valuable in the proper functioning of many of the most successful sys tems now in operation. There is a Dole Valve for every type of Heating Sys tem -- whether it be steam, vapor, vacuum of hot water. Mechanical Engineers, Architects, Heating Contractors and Owners are becoming better ac quainted, as time goes on, with the quality and satis faction which Dole Pack- _ t ,,, less Radiator Valves offer. 1 he majority of the above- mentioned indorse Dole Valves in the most Twelve Superior Points of Shure-Vent Valves 1. Double Cap Prevents Wall Soil above Valve. 2. Seating Screw Projecting Prevents Clogging of Valve Seat. 3. Seating Pin Arrangement Insures Posi tive Closing Seat. 4. Annealed Brass Float Positively Pre vents Flooding. 5. Expansion Fluid in Inner Chamber Causes Valves to Close. 6. Finely Drawn Brass Shell Permits Free Passage of Air and Natural Drain for Water. 7. Expansion Diaphragm Made of Spe cial Spring Bronze. 8. Drawn Brass Float Rest Insures Com plete Drainage of Valve. 9. Heavy Drawn Brass Base--a Positive Non-Leakable Connection of Great . Durability. " 10. Push Button'---Impossible to Remove or Get Out of Adjustment. 11. Exclusive Hand Vent Solves the Prob lem of Water-Logging. 12. Heavy Brass Nipple or Inlet Adapt able to All Radiators, 337 The Dole Valoe Company Voices DOLE SYPHON AIR VALVES Seating Pin--finely machined hard metal seating point, hydraulic pressed to perfect radius, preventing possibility of sticking or binding. Float--made of light but strong an nealed brass, rising' when water enters the valve and positively prevents leakage. Venting Seat--heavy construction, threaded and brazed into valve casing, thus preventing possible injury to venting seat after valve is installed. NOTE--Venting seat projects into in terior of valve %'inch. Water striking against this projection sprays down, pre venting any possible spitting of water. Also forms obstruction, keeping dirt or flake from working into seat or valve. Dole Syphon A ir Valve Inner Chamber of Float--contains exactly proper amount of thermostatic liquid, which forms a powerful gas the instant steam comes in contact, expanding diaphragm and closing valve against es cape of steam or water. Diaphragm--made of special spring bronze, convex shape, corrugated. Ex pands with heat, contracts back when cold, thus opening and closing valve auto matically. Float Rest--one-piece, finely drawn brass, open on four sides to permit water to drain through syphon. Firmly braced into base, forming strong, substantial rest for float. - Syphon Lock Collar--made of extra, heavy brass, firmly brazed to syphon, pre venting either accidental or intentional removal of syphon from valve. Base--heavy drawn brass, threaded on interior to meet exterior thread on casing. Firmly braced on casing to insure strength and durability. Syphon--made of one-piece annealed brass tubing, formed to perfect shape to fit inside of radiator column. Assembled into valve free from obstruction, thus per mitting air valve to be attached to radiator syphon. Always hanging in proper position inside of radiator. . Valves and Heating Specialties The Fulton Company Knoxville, Tennessee NEW YORK Hudson Terminal Bldg. 50 Church Street BRANCHES; . . DETROIT Book Bldg. Washington Boulevard Representatives in AU Principal Centers CHICAGO Wrigley Bldg. Michigan Boulevard Patentees and manufacturers of Sylphon products. Sylphon Temperature and Pressure Regulators, Thermostats for regulating temperatures of homes by warm air furnaces, steam or hot water boilers; Temperature Regulating Radia tor Covers; Automatic Air and Vent Valves; Valves and other Heating Specialties. Advantages No. 527 Quick Vent Valve AH Sylphon devices em Hit 10* J For vent*n mains, long body the seamless, one-piece runs of pipe, indirect stacks, bellows of drawn metal shown at right. There is not a bit of solder throughout its length --no chance for leaks or breaks. It is a feature found exclusively in Sylphon Pro ducts. Sylphon diaphragms or bellows are made in sizes ranging from to 12" 0. D. drop risers, and all low pres sure steam jobs where a large amount of air must be expelled quickly. Vents entire piping sys tem and thereby heating radiators quicker under less pressure. No adjustment. Does not close against water. Venting port diameter. Valve connec No. 465 Standard Type Radiator Valve tion pipe thread. Ask for Bulletin RAV 3 A standard packed type radiator valve of unusual quality. Body, tail nut and tail pipe used are of a superior quality to those generally made for standard valves. Ex tra strong seats, hexes, unions, and spuds. Ask for Bulletin RPV 3 No. 22 Steam. Damper Regulator Used to control the dampers on steam heating boilers. A simple, accurate regu lator which will control the draft so as to maintain a constant steam pressure up to 5 lb. This . No. 536 Sylphon Air Radiator Valve An improved radi ator air valve with large thermostat and regulator is sensitive, positive in action and will last a life time, due to the Sylphon one-piece, seamless, solderless, flexible metal bellows which it contains. Ask for Bulletin RD 3 float which renders it extremely powerful and positive in action. It is pleasing in design, rigid in construction and durable. The active principle is the Sylphon bellows which for many years has been used by this com pany in all of its heating boiler special Cut-out Shown The Sylphon bellows. It will not buckle or distort and will never lose its efficiency. Has ample movements, thus insuring tight closing of the valve. It is so No. 45-A Water Regulator Used to control the dampers on hot water heating boilers. Simple, accurate regulators which will control the draft so as to maintain a constant temperature of the water at any point between 120 degrees and 220 degrees Fahr. They prevent the temperature of the water from rising higher than necessary, insuring faucet water of even temperature every hour of the day. They prevent the generating of steam in the system, thus eliminating the disagree ties. durable- that, practi cally speaking, it will Ask for Bulletin RAV 3 never wear out. able sputtering and blowing off when the faucet is open. Ask for Bulletin RD 3 339 The Fulton Company Valoes and Heating Specialties No. 930 and No. 931 Temperature Regulator For nearly all requirements where liquids are heated by steam, and especially industrial uses. Regulators are regularly furnished with a tempera ture range of 140 degrees to 180 degrees Fahr. Special regulators can be furnished with adjustment for 20 degrees above or below the operating point for temperatures not lower than 20 degrees nor higher than 320 degrees Fahr. No. 930 Regulator is the same as No. 931, ex cept that it has lever and weight method of adjust ment instead of spring type shown. The extreme sensitiveness, positive ac tion and simplicity of these regulators have placed them in a class by themselves, and made them applicable in hundreds of ways. No. 931 Regulators are furnished regularly in sizes from to 2J#' inclusive, and the No. 930 Regulator in sizes from to 8"-inclusive. Upon application, a chart will be fur nished showing size of regulator for any given condition. Ask for Chart and Bulletin TR 3 No. 932 Temperature Regulator Detachable Tube Type: This is the latest development in self-contained reg ulators. This regulator, is composed of three distinct and separable units. These units are made so that each may be separately removed or replaced for repairs as the case may be. If the flexible tubing should become dam aged or broken, the power transmitting unit may readily be replaced by loosening two lock nuts, and the repair part slip . ped in to' place. The operation is similar to No. 930 and No. 931 instruments. Ask for Bulletin TR 3 which supplies heating coil can be run past the point where regulator bulb is installed. Made in valve sizes W to 1 J/". All valves are double-seated balanced type, with bronze discs and seats. Ask for Bulletin TR 3 Sylphon Regitherm The most powerful room thermostat on the market. Requires no electricity, compressed air or clockwork to operate. Responds to slight changes in temperature of air and is used to control valves, dampers and shutters. Works smoothly, never by jerks and is noiseless in operation. Requires no attention. Standard range 60 degrees to 80 degrees Fahr. It is largely used in offices and industrial plants. Small and neat in appearance, being 6" wide by 7}4" long. Ask for Bulletin RR 3 The Ja-Nar Radiator Cover Made of fine furniture steel, lined with heat insulating material. Completely covers hot water and steam radiators. Can be installed in old homes as easily as in new. Furnished in light or dark oak, mahogany,walnut and various tinted enam els, or to match any interior wood-work. Furnished in three types: 1st, Auto matic Temperature Control; 2nd, Man ually Operated Temperature Control; 3rd, Uncontrolled Type. The controlled type Ja-Nar Radiator cover is equipped with a thermostatic de vice which opens or closes the shutters to regulate the heat sent out into the room. This is absolutely automatic in operation and can be set to operate at any.comfort- able temperature desired. ' No. 933 Temperature Regulator Direct Connected Type: Valve mount ed directly on thermostatic bulb. For hot water storage tanks in hotels, office build- . ings, apartment houses, restaurants, clubs, etc. Adapted for use when steampipe \. Ask for Pamphlet on the Ja-Nar "Specification Data*'--Send for our "Specifications of Value" which gives.com plete engineering data in regard to the above products. 340 Valves Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. 96 Liberty St., NEW YORK, N. Y. 1917 Fisher Building, CHICAGO, ILL. Steam and Hot Water Heating Boilers; Quarter Turn Packing Lock Radiator Valves; Single Pipe Vapor Heating System. HEATING BOILERS The Gorton Boilers are of steel, built according to the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code. They are of the vertical tube type, selfcontained, require no brick setting. They are self-feeding, insuring a steady supply of heat for ten to twelve hours with one firing. They are built for both steam and hot water systems. RADIATOR VALVES The disc is made of'a mineral composi tion; is not affected by steam or water. The disc and seat are both ground to perfect taper surface. This combination is proof against corrosion, wedging, cut ting, abrasion and leaking. Reference to the illustration shows the valve has a full pipe size, unobstructed, straight passageway. This permits a free rapid passage of steam or water through the valve unrestricted by friction, giving a quicker flow than in ordinary valves. This permits the use of a valve one size smaller than required when using the' ordinary valve. SCHEDULE OF GORTON VALVE SIZES STEAM HEATING, SINGLE PIPE CONNECTION Radiators up to 25 ft................X in. Valve From 25 to 60 ft... ...................... 1 in. Valve From 60 to 100 ft.................... IX in. Valve From 100 to 200 ft... ..............IX in. Valve VAPOR AND VACUUM HEATING, TWO PIPE CONNECTIONS ' Radiators up to 90 ft............... X ,n- Valve From 90 to 180 ft.--..................X in. Valve From 180 to 360 ft... .................. 1 in. Valve From 360 to 540 ft... ..............IX in. Valve From 540 to 720 ft... ..............IX in. Valve The Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Radiator Valve is applicable for all Steam, Vapor, Vacuum and Hot Water HOT WATER HEATING Use the regular size of Valves, accord ing to the System installed. Heating Systems. It is made throughout The Gorton Quarter Turn Packing of the best materials obtainable. It has Lock Valve is made in both the Straight the following advantages:-- way and Angle patterns. Where a corner It is quick opening, a turn of the wrist or a touch of the foot opens or closes it, a quarter turn of the lever is all that is or offset valve is required, the Straightway Valve is used and connection made to it with a street elbow at any angle desired. needed. This tends to coal economy. Be SINGLE PIPE VAPOR SYSTEM cause of its easy operation women will The full opening in the valve, combined shut off a radiator to cool a room. with the shape of this opening, allows the The valve is made tight by means of a . water of condensation from the radiator to ball shoulder on valve stem seating in a flow along the bottom of the valve without ground opening in the under side of bonnet, interfering with the inflow of steam or like the seat of a safety valve. What slight vapor. This enables vapor to circulate wear may occur only tends to produce a through the eotire system at low pressure. better bearing surface. This is supple The Gorton Air Relief Valve gives easy, mented by soft but firm packing rings, rapid and xomplete clearance of air at forced and locked into the groove in valve vapor pressure. These two features, the stem by a gland forced down by the pack Gorton Supply Valve and the Gorton Air ing box nut. This combination insures a Relief Valve, give a Single Pipe Vapor tight valve, and one that will remain tight. System that has proven a great success. 341 Gorton & Lidgericood Co. Valoes LOCK SHIELDS All Radiator Valves can be supplied with lock shields. Roughing-in Dimensions--Radiator Valve Size____ A B C D E lA" X" 1" IX" ilA" 3'A 3Vs m 5 5% m 2 2^ 2% 2% 2X 2% 3 3A 4 m6 6% m m 3 2% 3H 3H 2X Straightway Valve Size....................... A C D X" i" IX" m" 2M 3X 3% 4X 4H. 3% 3H 4% 4 Vs 4 m 4% 5 ys Straightway Valve with Union Dimensions of modulating valves are the same as given above for radiator valves. 342 Valoes Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. 41 E. 42nd St. NEW YORK CITY Factories: Eastwood, Syracuse and Oswego, N. Y.; Huntingdon, Pa.; Zanesville. O. Branch Offices: New York, Brooklyn. Syracuse, Newark, Worcester, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit, New London, Pittsburgh Radiator valves, high pressure valves, hot water _____ _________ valves, hot water thermometers, pressure gages. The Pierce Packless Valve A Few of Its Outstanding Features The stem disc (See the illustration) is made of fibre and is heat, steam and mois ture proof. It is carried on a stem seat which is an integral part of the stem. This stem seat receives uniform pressure from a spring thereby seating and sealing the disc on the machined under-surface of the valve top. Steam and water cannot escape. The steam disc can be renewed in a few minutes (if after years of service there appears need of renewal) without shutting off or inter fering with the steam line. The valve opens and closes with one turn of the handle. The type provided with lever handle grad uated dial is widely used on vapor sys tems. Pro vision is made for Pierce Packless Valve modulation with exact relation to con ditions. The Pierce Valve is of heavy proportions with strong hex's and walls. It is made from high grade bronze castings and nickel plated before assembly, thereby avoiding deposits of nickel salts in working parts. Its joints are graphited before setting up and are accordingly easy to take apart. All parts are machined to precision under gage limits and inspection. I . 343 Valve with Lever Handle and Graduated Dial Valoes The Smolensky Valve Co., Inc Cleveland, Ohio Branch Offices Chicaco. III., 1307 Security Bldg....................H. T. Sward, Dist. Mgr. New York. N. Y., Grand Central Palace. C. A. McMann. Dist. Mgr Philadelphia. Pa.. 509 Franklin Trust Bldg............... H. L. Schwartz eAfTf0*0, ..................... -.................................j*B Encr. Sales Co. San Francisco. Cal.. Rialto Bldg................... Kirk W. Eichelberger SMOLENSKY VALVES FOR EVERY HEATING PURPOSE--EFFICIENT--ECONOMICAL--DURABLE Vlent Showing Centrifugal Pumps with Smolensky Noiseless Check Voltes LIST PRICES STANDARD SMOLENSKY REGRINDINC PACKLESS VALVES Sizes (Woodwhee) Type).................................................................................... Inches Finished and Plated All Over..................................................... Each Dimensions--A............................................................................................ Inches Sizes (Cast Iron Wheel)...................................... Inches '//I VS Screwed Ends............................................................ Each U .45, 1 SO \ 65 Dimensions--A...................................................... Inches 2*/4' 2%' 23/,," 1A" 2 04 2*4' Vf 12.30 2%' r 2.75 2>4' Vs' 2.70 2>/C 1 3.60 2/s' r 3.45 VftT Ws' 4.50 2'/.' w y$.90 2' 8.95 3*// I'/j'l 2' w 3' 4.90\ 7.20 12.80 18.50 3' V/s' 33/.' 3*4' 11 STANDARD AND EXTRA HEAVY SMOLENSKY NOISELESS CHECK VALVFS Sizes(I.Z5 lb. pressure) Inches 2" j 2I4'I 3'j 4"! 5"| 6" 1" 8* r 10*1 12" 14' 16' Flanged............................. Each Dimensions Face to Face In. $25.00129.00,30.00,39.00 63.25 65:95 103.97 2</4"i 2}/j'i 2*4"' 27/g"i 3Vi"! 4*/2" 5'/4' 130.70 6* 190.00 6V20 230.001310.00 W\ 8*4' 4S0.00 520.00 10*4' 12*4' Fbufrf.Sizes (250 lb. pressure)...........................................................................Inches t VAm ................................................................ `......................................Edi SI6.3S Dimensions. Face to Face................................................................... Inches 2* 2*1 T/S\ 3*1 4' 5' 6' 20.25] 3!.50 39.00] 49.00 69.86 10$.op !'/,[ 2W\ 2VV-, 2?A' 33/4" 4*4' STANDARD SMOLENSKY REGRINDING PACKLESS RADIATOR VALVES Finished. Plated all Over, Screwed Ends.......................................................... Each Dimensions--A............................................ ...................................... Inches Vl'l VS 1 1* S3.15] 3 00; 4.00 3*1 3%'! V/C 1 6.40 3>/,' Ws'] 2' 0.10 13.10 4'| O/s' LIBERAL TRADE DISCOUNTS FROM LIST PRICES 344 Ventilators American Larson Ventilating Co. Main Office: PITTSBURGH, PA. Product: American-Larson Ro tary Suction Ventilators--proven, by competitive tests, to be the most efficient ven tilator on the market. Efficiency: In a recent (Jan uary, 1923) test conducted by a disinterested party, more than 50 makes of ventilators were tested over a wide range of wind velocities and temperature differences with the result that the American-Larson Ventilator was shown to have the highest rating. Here are the reasons: The American-Larson Ventilator offers less re sistance to the passage of air than any other ven tilator, be it of the stationary or of the rotary type. The patented ejector tube effects air movement in direct ratio to wind velocities and temperature differences. Most ventilators do not function at all in wind only (no temperature difference) velocities below 3H miles per hour; furthermore, under tem perature differences as great as 20 deg. fahr., the efficiency of these ventilators actually decreases in gentle breeze up to 4 or o miles per hour velocity. 23EFFICIENCY TEST OF A16* AMERICAN-LARSON SUCTION VENTILATOR KaSNurSWA. AC jA*u*sra ______ __________ Further proof of the efficiency of AmericanLarson Ventilators is furnished by a comparative test conducted by Professor Trinks of the Carnegie Institute of Technology of Pittsburgh, in 1921. The results are shown below: The official report of the Institute says, in part: "The comparison shows that the American- Larson is far superior to both types at all wind velocities. At very low velocities of wind, it still ventilates while the other types do not move any air. Simi larly. the American-Larson Ventilator utilizes wind to increase the effect of temperature differences, while in the other types a gentle breeze actually dimin ished the ventilating effect." Number and Size of Ventilators Required The air supply per person and per hour, or the number of reversals of air contents per hour may be taken from the following table: Type of Room to be-Ventilated Number of Renewals of Air Contents per Hour 2 to 3 4 5 to 8 5 to 8 5 to 8 5 to 10 8 to 12 8 to 12 10 to 12 15 to 20 10 to 12 5 to 6 To obtain effective, uniform ventilation and avoid local drafts, ventilators should be placed not more than 30 ft. apart; 20 ft. is a good average. It is best to locate them at the ridge unless the building exceeds 40 ft. in width, when two rows of smaller ventilators may be used. Where the build ing is surrounded by higher buildings, it is desirable to extend ventilators above them by mounting on stacks. Example Showing Method of Calculation-- In a building 100 ft. long. 35 ft. wide and 28 ft. average height the air is to be renewed 5 times per hour. How many and what size ventilators are required? With a spacing of ventilators 20 ft. apart and 10 ft. from the ends, in one row along the ridge. 5 . ventilators are required. (100 x 35 x 28 ft.) X 5 changes hr. _ gg qoo Cu ft 5 ventilators ' per hour to be exhausted by each ventilator. From the table of capacities of American-Larson ven tilators under average wind and temperature con ditions, the nearest size is 24-in. size. ` Requirements: Five 24-in. ventilators. For specified conditions of height, temperature and wind, the capacity of the American-Larson ventilator is: ' Q-^["g^zgr+"x*];" A' = 18" Stationary Siphon l 'entilator. y = t8" Rotary Siphon Ventilator. Z=l8" American-Larson Suction Ventilator. where Q is cu. ft. of air exhausted per hour, through a ventilator ^having the throat area of A sq. in., mounted on a roof at a height of H ft. from the center of the ventilator outlet to the floor, and with a wind velocity of v miles per hour, and average temperatures t` inside, and / outside the building. The above is based on sufficient area of openings in the sides of the building for inlet of fresh air. 345 American Larson Ventilating Co. Ventilators Suggested Form of Specification A'ale 1: (1) Ail ventilators shall be Amcrican-Larson Suction Ventilators, as manufactured bv the Ameri- can-Larsgn Ventilating Company, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and shall [shall notj be equipped with dampers. (2) The ventilators shall be made of (see Note I) and shall be of the following gauges: Below 18-in. diam.. No. 24 gauge; 20 to 24-in. diam,, No. 22 gauge; 30 to 48-in. diam.. No. 20 gauge; 54-in. diam.. No. 18 gauge. (3) Where so indicated the ventilators shall be mounted on extension piping of sufficient height to raise ventilators above surrounding obstruction. (4) The ventilators shall be erected plumb and in a substantial manner. Where extension pipes are used they shall be anchored to four points with heavy gauge guy wires. (5) Ventilators for-------- shall be equipped with fus ible links to close dampers automat icallvin case of fire. Material of Ventilator Asbestos protected metal Dimensions, Gauges, Weights, Prices and Capacities Size (throat diam.), in. B in. 1C in. D in. E in. Iron gauge No. List price. damper [ List price. 1 ventilators only ' weight [ (b. Crated weight. lb. ft 27 10 10 10 24 $1.50 $20.00 > 12 1 26 10 34 13 12 12 24 2.15 20.00 : 18 12 41 16 13 13 24 2.90 30.00 1 26 35 14 48 18 17 17 24 3.30 35.00 S 32 16 55 21 20 20 24 3.80 40.00 39 57 70 18 62 24 21 21 24 4.30 45.00 49 20 69 26 25 25 22 4.80 50.00 68 115 24 . 83 32 30 30 22 5.80 60.00 92 145 30 104 40 38 38 20 7.15 75.00 146 206 36 125 48 46 46 20 9.30 110.00 40 139 53 51 51 20 11.50 140.00 48 16/ 64 61 61 20 17.00 170.00 225 282 390 325 412 560 54 187 72 63 63 18 20.00 220.00 620 820 60 208 80 76 76 18 25.00 300.00 66 229 1 88 84 1 84 18 35.00 | 375.00 790 930 1025 1215 Prices subject to change without notice. Discounts furnished on request. Use* of Ventilator 1. All purposes for which no acid or corrosive fumes pass; standard practice. 2. All purposes for which long life is desired, provided that no strong acid or alkaline fumes pass. 3. For ventilating buildings or rooms from which acid or other corrosive fumes rise. 4. Same as No. 3; has longer life, but is more expensive. 5. Similar to copper, but a little cheaper. . Vane firmly riveted to top |, I Vane reinforcement rods heav_________ ily galvanized (Spindle attached to reinforcing! ______________ plate _______ (Heavy standing seams adding] I strength and rigidity [Steel center spindle coated] I with rust resisting paint Stabilizing rings on both top and base give concentric ac tion. making top and rod pivot as one Dustproof and rustproof ball bearing of best quality insures i free pivot action and is noise-] less Suspension spider is weather protected and holds step beartng rigid jGraphite step bearing needs no| | lubrication or attention Vane keeps ejector presented to outside air currents, pre vents back-draft and makes ventilator stormproof and dustproof * Unrestricted area permittingj easy discharge without friction [ Mouth weather protected offering unrestricted area for exhaust Ejector tube an exclusive patented feature. The air cur rents passing through create a suction that makes this the most efficient ventilator Direction of outside air current through the ejector b|Axu of ejector in line with ex-j jhaust which is always upward] [Counterweight' which gives/ "1 ventilator perfect balance | Line of exhaust upwards of fering no resistance to upward draft Easily rotating design of ]spindle and ball bearing and Imade of best materials Hard steel. pivot poini viding against rricti Base made to specifications, j Flashing flange but not included in price ] proper pitch [Design of working parts in-/ creases maximum efficiency | Noiseless pivoting--is fool-1 proof and requires no attention! AMERICAN-LARSON SUCTION VENTILATOR (Patented) 5939 S.E.--2/2--17.5 34(5 Ventilators The John Call Company VENTILATING SPECIALISTS 128 North Franklin Street Philadelphia, Pa. BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES ROOF VENTILATORS AND WINDOW VENTILATORS pro--liberty^-- The John Call Co's., 'a, ducts, include: The Liberty V Super-Syphon Vortex Vafl; cuum Ventilator, a roof ven- dfSp t^ator fr ventilating any type building or enclosure iSSlSSpi** such- as Schools, Hospitals, fMiSBiBk Foundries, Barns, Churches, Armories, Residences and - ----- -* s[mjjar structures. They are successful in assisting drafts in chimneys, flues, stacks, etc. The Liberty Super-Syphon Vortex Vacuum Ventilator will not back draft. They have no moving parts and will not rattle or get out of order. They are substantially and staunchly built of any metal desired. Large stocks for prompt shipment. Write far catalogs and. prices. THE PUL-AIR IMPINGMENT VENTILATOR The Pul-Air Ventilator A good practical roof ventilator of the mushroom type consisting of double cone top. Scientific storm band and impingment band. Made in every size and of any metal. Strongly built. Large stocks carried. Will not back draft, maximum of free areas. Write for prices and catalogs. Useful where the Liberty Super-Syphon Roof Ventilator is not desired. THE GALL UNIT WINDOW Liberty Super-Syphon Vortex Vacuum Ventilator showing construction Cutaway showing Spiral Blades and Interior construction of Liberty Super-SyPhon Ventilator Description--The Liberty Super-Syphon Vortex Ventilator consists of cylindrical eduction pipe to which are attached eight blades at correctly pitched angle. At top of eduction tube between each blade is V shaped slot. Over blades is a skirt in shape of frustrum of cone. This forms vortex and siphon chambers be tween eduction tube and skirt. Over eduction tube is correctly proportioned cone cap, with inverted cone beneath, outside of cone cap is scientifically con structed storm band. VENTILATOR Purpose -- To provide positive ventilation with window ventilator which is accomplished by posi tively exhausting air with exhaust fan. Consists of pressed steel, adjustable Call Window Ventilator panel, finished in baked enamel with electric driven exhaust fan. Easy .to install. Portable and Light. Write for l,A Breath of Fresh Air." Write for catalogs and prices. Prices and data on application. 347 Vmtilators C. C. Shipp & Company Indianapolis, Ind. Manufacturers of . D-I Heating and Ventilating Specialties Patented March 7, 1916, September 19, 1916. November 7, 1916, January 16, 1917, March 13, 1917, December 17, 1918, December 17,1919, April 13,1920. August 23,1921. September 26. 1922. January 23, 1923. The D-I System is a natural, easy, simple, efficient and economical way of obtaining heat, ventilation and humidity, for new or old buildings. Especially adapted for use in schools and other public buildings. The illustration shows a sectional end and front view of a standard 3-column, 33" steam radiator with 6" legs, completely equipped with the D-I ventilating specialties and with the exact location of each. The following specialties are shown: Ventilating wall box; storm louvers; insect screens; wall box extension sleeve and adjust able controlling fresh air damper with dust- proof and non-corroding hinges; adjustable box base connection; adjustable ventilating The D-I Unit box base; adjustable controlling fresh air damper arm; adjustable air diffusers with removable rolls; adjustable fresh air d amper indicator; and No. 12 removable air moisteners, with automatic supply and ai * release valves. The specialties above are listed in the order of their installation on a 12-section radiator, equipped with series No. 2, 8"x24" D-I wall box outfit, furnishing and diffusing into the room, without drafts, a supply of fresh air sufficient for eight pupils, regardless of outside atmospheric conditions, when heating system is in operation. CAPACITIES, 8 IN. SERIES Series No. Size D-I Wall Box Inches ! 8x20 2 8x24 3 8x30 Air Capacity Sq. In. 120 144 160 Cu. Ft. Air Per Minute (80 240 300 Cu. Ft. Air Per Pupil ' Sections of Radiator Covered 30 30 30 12 CAPACITIES, 10/2 IN. SERIES Size D-I Well Box inches Air Capacity Sq. In. Cu. Ft. Air Per Minute Cu. Ft. Air Per Pupil s Sections of Radiator Covered 4 5 6 160 270 30 10 192 330 30 (0 240 420 30 12 Prices Quoted Upon Application 348 C. C. Shipp & Company Ventilators The illustration herewith shows a sectional end and side view of a D-I Ventilating Wall Box, D-I Wall Box Extension Sleeve and adjustable controlling fresh air damper with dust-proof and non-corroding hinges, fully set up and ready to place in the wall just as it is shipped. "A" Bottom of wall box to be set 1" above finished floor. . "C" A 2x4 should be placed in the off-set of the sleeve and extend 6 inches on each side to be used as a nailing strip. . D-l Ventilating Wall Box "E" This board should not be removed from its place until the time of setting radiator. When the damper is closed, as shown in the illustration, it prevents any seepage of air from outside the building--the harder the wind blows, the tighter it closes. D-I Automatic Foul Air Ejectors. This is a positive turning device, revolving on ball bearings, and is noiseless in operation. It is not only weather-proof but is a real ventilator, doing its work at all times and under all conditions.- ., By means of utilizing the air current, a powerful ejector principle is constructed, insuring high velocity in the discharge of the air. The high efficiency will allow the use of smaller ventilators, or if the same size ventilator is used, greater results can be secured. With this ejector, it is not a question of temperature of the air to be exhausted, and heavy gases, smoke or cold air are lifted and discharged with ease. Furnished in galvanized iron unless otherwise ordered. D-l Automatic Foul Air Ejector Diameter (Inches) 8 10 12 14 1$ 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Area of Diameter (Square Inches) Price, Each 50 78 113 153 177 201 . 255 314 380 452 530 615 707 804 $ 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 46.00 52.00 58.00 . 64.00 70.00 78.00 86.00 94.00 102.00 Base extra. 349 Diameter (Inches) Area of Diameter (Square Inches) Price. Each ' 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 ' 56 58 _ 60 - 908 1,018 1,123 1,256 1.386 1,520 1,650 1,809 1,962 2,128 2,290 2,473 2.642 2,828 $ 110.00 120.00 130.00 145.00 160.00 180.00 205.00 230.00 260.00 290.00 320.00 360.00 400.00 450.00 " Water Treatment Apparatus Anti-Corrosion Engineering Co., Inc. 117 West 54th Street New York, N. Y. Apparatus for Removing and Preventing Rust in Hot and Cold Water Systems Free Dissolved Oxygen contained in all natural waters is usually the cause of in ternal corrosion of water supply systems in power plants and buildings. This leads to destruction of apparatus, leaks, dirty water, and choked circulation. Salts in the water acelerate corrosion, but without oxygen these salts are inactive. The re moval of the DISSOLVED OXYGEN removes the cause of rust. resulting from the agitation of the water at the boiling temperature sets free all dissolved gases. This apparatus acts both as a deactivator and heater and little or no additional reheating of the water is re quired to obtain the desired temperature for any service. This apparatus may be located either on the roof or in the base ment of the building. Corrosion is prevented in power plants and buildings by Anti-Corrosion Engineer ing Co., equipment by removing the free Both the deoxidizing-deactivator and the deaerating-deactivator are applied to hot water supply systems only and are sufficient to overcome the corrosion problems under dissolved oxygen from the raw water. Our process is called DEACTIVATION. most conditions, as corrosion is, much more rapid at higher than at lower tem This apparatus is made in three distinct peratures. types to fit various conditions, of which i ' there are over 200 now in successful opera tion. i Vacuum Type Cold Water Deactiva tors are used wherever the cold water as well as the hot waters supply system have Deoxidizing Deactivators are used for larger residences, apartment houses, reached a serious condition through the action of rust in the piping and apparatus. smaller hotels, smaller office buildings and In this apparatus the water from the certain types of factory buildings. This type removes the free dissolved oxygen i source of supply is taken into the deac tivator under a vacuum where it is me from the raw water by passing.it through chanically agitated and broken up. The a deactivator filled with a series of per forated plates of a special highly corrosive metal--Sufficient time of contact is vacuum applied to this tank removes the gases leaving the water free from these agencies which cause corrosion. A removal allowed to fix the free dissolved oxygen by expending its corrosive activitity upon pump takes the water from the deactivator and delivers it to the house pumps of the these plates. The resulting rust is pre cipitated and ejected through blow-out building. Both cold and hot water are then delivered under pump pressure to the openings. Usually the water is filtered after leaving the deactivator before going cold and hot water systems of the building. Where a building is provided with a roof to the house service, in order to remove the colloidal rust. Proper coagulation is tank this acts as a reserve at any time the pressure pumps should ^be shut down. accomplsihed by the passage of the raw water through a special coagulant before it reaches the deactivating tank. The effect of the deactivation of the cold as well as the hot water supply is to gradually break down and remove the Deaerating Deactivators are used for the accumulated products of corrosion, re larger 'hotels, larger office buildings and storing full circulation of water and pro institutions, such as hospitals, colleges, tecting the piping against disintegration etc., where a steady supply of steam is which is the cause of leaks. available. The dissolved oxygen and other gases are eliminated from the raw water in this deactivator by heating the water to a boiling temperature under mechanical agitation. The natural expansion process Refer to the GUIDE 1922, for further details and apply to us for specifications, dimensions, weights, capacities, recom mendations, etc. Water Treatment Apparatus H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corporation Formerly Harrison Safety Boiler Works. . 3120 North 17th Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. "COCHRAN1ZE THE HEATING SYSTEM" The Cochrane Deaerating Heater expels oxygen and other gases from water and thereby prevents corrosion in hot water heating and service piping, economizers and boilers. The water is delivered at any temperature above 140 deg. fahr., using only the amount of exhaust steam necessary to heat the water to the desired final temperature, no steam or heat being wasted. The steam can be expanded in a turbine or engine down to a vacuum cor responding to the temperature at which the deaerated water is delivered. The Cochrane Steam-Stack and Cut-Out Valve Heater and Receiver for use with exhaust steam heating or drying systems, does the work of a heater and of the inde pendent separator ordinarily installed in a by-pass around the heater. The combination occupies much less space than a heater with an independent separator, in a by-pass, and saves the cost of installing the independent separator. The Cochrane Flow Meter is a simple, reliable and accurate device for measuring water, steam or air flowing in pipes.. There are no working parts in the pressure cham bers and no stuffing boxes. The chart divisions are ' uniform. The pressure connections are included in the orifice plate, eliminating errors from faulty connections. The Cochrane Multiport Back-Pres sure Valve differs from the ordinary back pressure valve in that a number of small discs are used instead of one large disc, thus reduc ing the size, weight and travel of the discs. Each disc has an independent dash pot and is held to its seat by an in dependent spring, the tension upon all the springs being adjusted by a hand-wheel inside the housing. The predetermined back pressure cannot be exceeded. . The Cochrane Oil Separator. Exhaust steam purified of oil by passing through a Cochrane Oil Separator is worth as much, pound for pound, as live steam at the same pressure for heating buildings, heating water, etc. The condensed returns will be free of oil. The Cochrane Multiport Drainer removes condensate or drips from heating or drying coils, radiators, jackets, lowpressure steam and oil separators, etc. The balanced cylin drical valve Has large ports, and large capacity with low operating pressure. It never leaves its seat, is self-cleaning 'and is always water-sealed. There are no stuffing boxes, packings, springs or links. 35i Index to Modem Equipment AIR COCKS (See Cocke. Air) AIR CONDITIONING BOILER -- Compounds (See Water Proof Compounds, Boilers) Celite Products Co. American Blower Co. Controllers (See Controllers) CENTRIFUGAL DRYERS (See Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Drying Apparatus) Bahnson Co. ' Coverings (See Asbestos and Insu Bayley Mfg. Co. Carrier Air Conditioning Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. ' Drying Systems. Inc. lating Products) Feeders McAlear Mfg. Co. COCKS--Air Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Boiler Drain Fleisher, W. L- & Co., Inc. Midwest Air Filters, Inc. Reed, William. Eng. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Feed Pumps (See Pumps) Headers (See Headers) Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Gage Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. Liquid Crane Co. AIR DRYING (See Drying Ap "X" Laboratories Detroit Lubricator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. paratus) Scale Remover (See Scale Re Reliance Gauge Column Co. AIR ELIMINATORS (See Elimi mover, Boiler) CO ILS--Am monia nators, Air) AIR FILTERS (See Filters, Air) AIR PUMPS (See Pumps, Air) BOILERS--Heating (Coal Fired) American Foundry & Furnace Co. American Radiator Co. Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. American Blower Co. ' Carrier Construction Co. Crane Co. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Blast AIR VALVES (See Valves. Air) AIR WASHERS American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger, E. B.. & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Carrier Air Conditioning Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Cooling Tower Co., Inc. Hersh Brothers Co. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. Reed. William. Eng. Co., Inc. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co.. Inc. ~ Wing, L. J.. Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler.Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Davis, J. F., & Sons Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood 'Co. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Molby Boiler Co., Inc. Oil City Boiler Works Page, Wm. H- Boiler Co. Prox. Frank, Co. ReadingHeater&Supply Co.. Inc. ' Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Smith. H. B.. Co. Standard Heater Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. ' Crane Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Pipe Badger. E. B. & Sons Co. Crane Co. Tank Badger. E. B., & Sons Co. Carrier Construction Co. Crane Co. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co.. Inc. COLLECTORS, DUST (See Dust Collectors) COLUMNS--Water AMMONIA COILS (See Coils. Ammonia) ASBESTOS AND INSULATING XXth Century Heating & Venti lating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Bryant Heater 8t Mfg. Co. Crane Co. Reliance Gauge Column Co. PRODUCTS American Radiator Co. Celite Products Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. Heating (Gas Fired) American Radiator Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. COMPOUNDS--Boiler Johns-Manville, Inc. "X" Laboratories , Keasbey, Robert A.. Co. Keasbey & Mattison Co. . Ric-wiJ Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Heating (Oil Fired) Petroleum Heat & Power Co. COMPRESSORS Bishop & Babcock Co. Nash Engineering Co. Tubular CONDENSERS ASBESTOS--Sheet Ames Iron Works American Radiator Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Keasbey. Robert A., Co. Brownell Co. Davis, J. F., & Sons Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Carrier Construction Co. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Oil City Boiler Works Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. AUTOMATIC FURNACES (See Furnaces, Automatic) BRACKETS (See Hangers, Pipe Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. and Radiator) CONDUIT--Underground BAKING EQUIPMENT . Drying Systems. Inc. Molby Boiler Co.. Inc. BLAST GATES (See Cotes, Blast) BLOWERS--Centrifugal American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co., Inc. Pressure American Blower Co". Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co.. Inc. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. BRICK--Fire Johns-Manville. Inc. Kier Fire Brick Co. Insulating Celite Products Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. BURNERS--Oil (For Heating Boilers and Furnaces) Petroleum Heat & Power Co. CEMENT--Asbestos (See Asbestos and Insulating Products) Fire Brick Celite Products Co. ' Johns-Manville, Inc. Pipe Joint Crane Co. t Johns-Manville. Inc. Rjc-wil Co. CONTROL SWITCHES (See Switches, Control) CONTROLLERS--Boiler McAJear Mfg. Co. Electric Heat Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Johnson Service Co. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. Powers Regulator Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Fan Engine General Electric Co. Feed Water ' Davis. G. M. Regulator Co. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. 352 Index to Modern Equipment Motor General Electric Co. Pump Hersh Brothers Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co- inc. Sturtevant. B. F- Co- Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co- Inc. Sturtevant, B. F- Co., Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. General Electric Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Kieley & Mueller. Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. .. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster. Warren & Co. Tank McAlear Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Temperature (See Regulators, DUST SEPARATORS (See Sep arators, Dust) ELECTRIC MOTORS (See Mo tors, Electric) ELIMINATORS--Air Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham. C. A- Co. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Monash-Younker Co. Ventilating American Blower Co. . Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. General Electric Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co- Inc. Sturtevant, B. F- Co- l^c. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Westinghouse Electric8c Mfg. Co. Wing, L. J- Mfg. Co. FILTERS--Air . Temperature) CONVEYING SYSTEMS (See Systems, Dust Collecting and Ex- haust) - COOLING TOWERS Badger. E. B., & Sons Co. Cooling Tower Co... Inc. COVERING--Boiler (See Asbes tos and Insulating Products) Magnesia Johns-Manville, Inc. Keasbey. Robert A., Co. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Pipe and Tank American Radiator Co. Celite Products Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. Keasbey, Robert A., Co. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Ric-wil Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Webster. Warren, & Co. ENGINES--Fan American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Brownell Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Sturtevant, B. F- Co- Inc. Steam (AiUomartr.. High Speed, Throttling, Una-Flow. and Ver tical) Ames Iron Works American Blower Co. `Automatic Furnace Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Brownell Co. Clarage Fan Co. Sturtevant. B. F- Co- Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg..Co* Carrier Engineering Corp. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. Reed. Wm- Eng. Co. Inc. FIRE BRICK CEMENT (See Ce ment, Fire Brick) FITTINGS--Flanged Crane Co. Furnace Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co. International Heater Co. Pipe Crane Co. International Heater Co. Union Crane Co. FURNACES--Automatic Automatic Furnace Co. Wood Pipe EQUALIZING LOOPS Riley Sanford Stoker Co. Celite Products Co. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Gas EVAPORATORS Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. DAMPER REGULATORS (See Regulators, Damper) DEHUM1DIFYING -- APPARA TUS American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Fleisher, W. L.. & Co- Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co- Inc. DIFFERENTIAL LOOPS Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Badger. E. B- & Sons Co. EXHAUST FANS (See Fans, Ex haust) EXHAUST HEADS Carrier Construction Co. Crane Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co- Inc. EXHAUST SYSTEMS Pipeless Cox. Abram. Stove Co. International Heater Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. Utica Heater Co. Warm Air American Foundry & Furnace Co. Cox, Abram. Stove Co. Haynes-Langenberg Mfg- Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. DRYING APPARATUS * . American Blower Co. American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Drying Systems. Inc. Fleisher, VV. L- & Co- foe. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Gordon. Robert, Inc. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co- Inc. Sturtevant. B. F- Co- Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. GAGE--Boards Bishop & Babcock Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Webster. Warren. & Co. . Cocks (See Cocks, Gage) Glasses (See Glasses, Gage) Reed, William. Eng. Co- Inc. Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co. Sturtevant, B. F- Co- Inc. EXPANSION JOINTS (See Joints. Expansion) Valves (See Valves, Gage) York Heating & Ventilating Corp. EXPANSION TANKS (See Tanks. GAGES--Pressure DUST COLLECTING SYSTEMS Expansion) Crane Co. _ Donnelly Systems Co. (See Systems, Dust Collecting) FANS--Blower (See Blowers, Fan) " ~ Dunham. C. A- Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. DUST COLLECTORS ~ ---Exhaust Pennsylvania Engineering Co. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Pierce Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Stack Heater Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. General Electric Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Steam . Detroit Lubricator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. 353 ' ' [ndex to Modern Equipment Vacuum Bishop & Babcock Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Rocking Kewanee Boiler Co. Shaking Automatic Furnace Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Water Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. . Pierce Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Reliance Gauge Column Co. GAS--Burners Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Furnaces (See Furnaces, Gas) Heaters--Room (.See Heaters. Gas) Heating Systems (See Heating Systems, Gas) Water Heaters . Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. EverHot Heater Co. GRILLES AND REGISTERS (See Registers and Grilles) HANGERS--Adjustable Pipe , Fowler & Wolfe Mfgl Co. Gleockle, A. F., Jr. Pipe Crane Co. Radiator American Foundry & Furnace Co. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Gleockle, A. F.. Jr. Healy-Ruff Co. HEADERS Crane Co. . GASKETS--Asbestos Crane Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Boiler HEAT INTERCHANGERS Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying System Inc. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Johns-Manville. Inc. H EATERS -- Automatic Hot Metallic Water Crane Co. EverHot Heater Co. Thermal Appliance Co. ' Rubber Crane Co. ' _ Feed Water American Blower Co. GATES--Blast American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Brownell Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Kieley & Mueller. Inc. Patterson-Kelley Co. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Standard Heater Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster. Warren, & Co. ' Gas GENERATOR COOLING Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. SYSTEMS Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cooling Tower Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Hot Water Service Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. EverHot Heater Co. Excelso Specialty Works GENERATORS--Hot-Water EverHot Heater Co. Excelso Specialty Works Reading Heater & Supply Co.,Inc. Thermal Appliance Co. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Page, Wm. A., Boiler Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Prox. Frank. Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co.,Inc. Electric General Electric Co. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co., Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Smith, H. B.. Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. Heat (See Boilers, Furnaces' and Heaters) . Thermal Appliance Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Vacuum Indirect A. & P. Regulator Co. American Radiator Co. GLASSES--Gage Excelso Specialty Works Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Crane Co. ' Thermal Appliance Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. GOVERNORS--Condensation McAlear Mfg. Co. Pump (See Regulators, Pump) - Vacuum (See Regulators, Vacuum) Industrial Carrier Construction Co. Drying Systems, Inc. Gordon, Robert, Inc. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co.. Inc. Stack Heater Co. Thermal Appliance Co. Room American Foundry & Furnace Co. Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co. International Heater Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. Utica Heater Co. XXth Century Heat. & Vent. Co. Tank Burnham Boiler Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Internationa! Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Prox, Frank, Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co., Inc. Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Smith, H. B., Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Unit American Blower Co. . Bayley Mfg. Co. Clarage Fan Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co., Inc. Wing, L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS American Blower Co. American Radiator Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Fleisher, W. L., & Co.. Inc. Gordon, Robert, Inc. Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Illinois Engineering Co. International Heater Co. Molby Boiler Co., Inc. Reading Heater & Supply Co., Inc. Reed, William. Eng. Co., Inc. Shipp. C. C.. & Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Smith, H. B., Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. HEATING SPECIALTIES A. & P. Regulator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Dahel! Bros. Co. Donnelly Systems. Co. Excelso Specialty Works Fulton Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Monash-Younker Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co: Reading Heater&Supply Co., Inc. Reed, William, Eng. Co., Inc. Shipp, C. C., & Co. Trane Co. Webster. Warren. &. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. HEATING SYSTEMS--Gas Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Gordon, Robert, Inc. . GRATES--Dumping Automatic Furnace Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Instantaneous Hot Water EverHot Heater Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Hot Blast . American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. 354 Index to Modern Equipment Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Gordon, Robert. Inc. International Heater Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co.. Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Hot Water Bahnson Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. . Bishop & Babcock Co. Carrier Air Conditioning Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. Fleisher, W. L., & Co., Inc. Shipp, C. C., & Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. METAL WEATHER STRIPS Monarch Metal Products Co. METERS--Feed Water H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. - Flow H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. American Radiator Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. HUMIDITY CONTROL American Blower Co. _ Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Pitot Tube American Blower Co. Steam Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Bahnson Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. D. & T. Mfg. Co. International Heater Co. Prox, Frank, Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co., Inc. Richardson & Boynton Co. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Standard Heater Co. Thatcher Furnace Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. ' Bishop & Babcock Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Drying Systems. Inc. Fleisher, W. L., & Co.. Inc. Fulton Co. Johnson Service Co. MICA Johns-Manville, Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. MOISTENERS, AIR (See Humidi fiers) Utica Heater Co. Steam American Blower Co. American Radiator Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Shipp, C. C., & Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co.. Inc. INSTRUMENTS--Indicating Sarco Co., Inc. MOTOR CONTROLLERS (See Controllers, Motor) MOTORS--Electric Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. General Electric Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. Gordon, Robert, Inc. International Heater Co. Recording Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Webster, Warren, & Co. Steam (Exhaust) Gordon. Robert, Inc. Webster, Warren, & Co; Steam (Vacuum) Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Gofdon. Robert, Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. INSULATING MATERIALS (See Asbestos and Insulating Products) Cold Johns-Manville, Inc. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Heat Celite Products Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Ric-wil Co. ' NOZZLES--Brine Spray Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Spray . American Blower Co. _ Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cooling Tower Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co., Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Webster. Warren, & Co. Steam (Vapor) American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Gordon. Robert, Inc. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Illinois Engineering Co. JOINTS--Expansion Badger, E. B.. & Sons Co. Crane Co. Illinois Engineering Co. . Ric-wil Co. . Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc. Webster, Warren, & Co. OIL BURNERS Petroleum Heat & Power Co. OILERS Detroit Lubricator Co. International Heater Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Trane Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Pipe Crane Co. KILNS, DRY PACKING--Asbestos Crane Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Keasbey, Robert A., Co. Warm-Air Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Gordon. Robert, Inc. International Heater Co. American Blower Co. Carrier Construction Co. Drying Systems, Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Metallic Johns-Manville. Inc. Rubber Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co. XXth Century Heat. & Vent. Co. LIQUID, BOILER (See Boiler. Crane Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. HOT BLAST HEATING SYS Liquid) PIPE--Bending TEMS (See Heating Systems, Hot Blast) HOT WATER HEATERS. AUTO MATIC (See Heaters, Automatic Hot Water). LOOPS, EQUALIZING (See Equalizing Loops) LUBRICATORS Detroit Lubricator Co. Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. Cast Iron Crane Co. Colls (See Coils, Pipe) HOT WATER HEATERS, SERV ICE (See Heaters, Hot Water Service) HOT WATER HEATERS, IN STANTANEOUS (See Heaters Instantaneous Hoi Water) MACHINES. REFRIGERATING (See Refrigerating Machinery) Covering (See Covering, Pipe and Tank; Wood Pipe: also. Conduits) Fittings MAGNESIA PRODUCTS (See As Crane Co. bestos and Insulating Products) -Hangers (See Hangers, Pipe) HOT WATER HEATING SYS MECHANICAL DRAFT TEMS (See Heating Systems, Hot -APPARATUS Water) ' American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. HUMIDIFIERS Carrier Engineering Corp. American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Joint Cement (See Cement, Pipe Joint) - Plugs (See Plugs, Pipe) . Wrought Iron and- Steel Crane Co. ` 355 . / Index to Modern Equipment PIPELESS FURNACES (See Furnaces. Pipeless) PLUGS--Fusible. Covers Fulton Co. ' Hangers (See Hangers, Radiator) Stickle Steam Specialties Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ' Webster, Warren, & Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Humidifiers (See Humidifiers) Feed Water Pipe Crane Co. Return Line Valves (5 Valves, Return Line) Kieley Sc Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Radiator American Radiator Co. Crane Co. Richmond Radiator Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Shields (See Protectors, Radiator) Traps (See Traps, Radiator) Valves (Sre Valves, Radiator) Humidity American Blower Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Fleisher, W. L., & Co.. Inc. Fulton Co. POWER PLANT SUPPLIES RADIATORS--Hot Water Johnson Service Co. Badger. E. B., & Sons Co American Radiator Co. Pressure Crane Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Crane Co. PRESSURE GAGES {See Cages, Richmond Radiator Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Pressure) Smith. H. B., Co. Fulton Co. Standard Heater Co. Illinois Engineering Co. PROTECTORS--Radiator U. S. Radiator Corp. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. Fulton Co. Steam McAlear Mfg. Co. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. PUBLICATIONS American Radiator Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Heating and Ventilating Maga zine. Journal of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Continental Heater Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. Page. Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Smith. H. B.. Co. Standard Heater Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Illinois Engineering Co. PUMPS--Air U. S. Radiator Corp. Kieley Sc Mueller, Inc. Bishop & Babcock Co. Nash Engineering Co. Trane Co. Boiler Feed Wall American Radiator Co. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Richmond Radiator Co. , McAlear Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Steam Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. ' Smith. H. B.. Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. . Temperature Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. RECEIVERS--Air American Radiator Co. Bishop Sc Babcock Co. Centrifugal Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Nash Engineering Co. Brownell Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Ammonia Crane Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Crane Co. D. & T. Manufacturing Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Fleisher. W. L.. & Co., Inc. Condensation Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Nash Engineering Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Ash Brownell Co. Condensation Davis.'G. M.. Regulator Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Fulton Co. ' Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Johnson Service Co. ' Kieley & Mueller, Inc. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heat. 8c Supply Co.-, Inc. Electric McAlear Mfg. Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Rotary REFRIGERATING MACHINERY U. S. Radiator Corp. Vacuum Nash Engineering Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. A. & P. Regulator Co. Steam Cooling Tower Co.. Inc. Johns-Manville. Inc. American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. , Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. Fulton Co. Detroit Lubricator. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Turbine Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. REGISTERS AND GRILLES Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co. Utica Heater Co. REGULATORS--Damper Bishop & Babcock Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. Powers Regulator Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster, Warren. & Co. Vapor Vacuum D. & T. Manufacturing Co. American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Dalzell Bros. Co. Bishop Sc Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. ' Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham , C. A., Co. Nash Engineering Co. Fulton Co. < Gorton Sc Lidgerwood Co. Ross Heater & Mfg. Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc Skidmore Corp. Trane Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. RADIATOR--Air Valves (See . Valves, Air) ' Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Brackets Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. ' Monash-Younker Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Webster. Warren, & Co- Reading Heater & Supply Co., Inc. Water Gleockle, A. F., Jr. ^ Sarco Co.. Inc. Powers Regulator Co. Healy-Ruff Co. Shipp. C. C.. & Co. Reading Heater &SupplyCo., Inc. 356 Index to Modern Equipment Water Level (See Controllers) REHEATERS--Air Carrier Engineering Corp. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. RELAY SWITCHES (See Switches, Control and Relay) ROOF VENTILATORS (See Ven tilators, Roof) ROTARY DRYERS (See Drying Steam Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Water Ross Heater & Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sarco Co., Inc. SUPPLIES--Power Plant (See Power Plant Supplies) THERMOSTATS Bishop & Babcock Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Fulton Co. t_ Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Johnson Service Co. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. TRAPS--Radiator A PParatus) SUPPORTS (See Hangers. Pipe Bishop & Babcock Co. ROTARY HACK SAW TOOLS Excelso Specialty Works Thermal Appliance Co. and Radiator) SWITCHES--Control-Relay Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham. C. A., Co., Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. SCALE REMOVER--Boiler "X" Laboratories SYSTEMS --Air Washing and Cooling (See Air Conditioning) Johns-Manville, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. OE Specialty Mfg. Co. SEPARATORS--Dust Carrier Construction Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Steam and Oil Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Illinois Engineering Co. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster. Warren. & Co.' SHEETS--Asbestos Johns-Manville. Inc. ' Keasbey. Robert A.. Co. Keasbey & Mattison Co. Domestic Hot Water Anti-Corrosion Eng. Co.. Inc. Dust Collecting American Blower Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Gordon, Robert, Inc. Hersh Brothers Co. . Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co., Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Exhaust (See Exhaust Systems) Hot Blast Gordon. Robert. Inc. Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co. Inc. Spray Cooling (See Spray Cooling Systems) Sarco Co., Inc. Trane Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Return American Blower Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Steam American Blower CoBayley Mfg. Co. Crane Co. ' SHIELDS (See Protectors, Radi ator)'' SOFTENERS, WATER (See Water Softeners) Temperature Control Bishop & Babcock Co. Johnson Service Co Powers Regulator Co. "Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. SPECIALTIES, HEATING (See Heating Specialties) SPECIALTIES--Sheet Metal John Call Co. Carrier Construction Co. Dalzell Bros. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. SPECIALTIES. STEAM (See Steam Specialties) SPRAY COOLING SYSTEMS Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cooling Tower Co.. Inc. ' Ventilating (Serf Ventilating Sys tems) Water Softening and Purifying Anti-Corrosion Eng. Co., Inc. TANK--Coils (See Coils, Tank) Covering (See Covering, Pipe and Tank) Heaters (See Heaters, Tank) Regulators Powers Regulator Co. TANKS--Cast Iron Johns-Manville. Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co..Inc. Reliance Gauge Column Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co.. Inc. Trane Co. Vacuum American Blower Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co- Dunham, C. A.. Co. ` Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. SPRAY NOZZLES (See Nozzles, Spray) STEAM ENGINES (See Engines. Steam) STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Pressure Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Davis, J. F., & Sons Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. . Sarco Co.. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster. Warren. & Co. TURBINES--Steam . (See Heating Systems, Steam) STEAM SPECIALTIES Fulton Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. Kieley & Mueller Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Reliance Gauge Column Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Storage Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Construction Co. Davis. J. F.. & Sons Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co.. Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. TURBO-BLOWERS Sturtevant. B. F., Co.. Inc. - Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. STOKERS Automatic Furnace Co. \ Riley, Sanford. Stoker Co. Sturtevant. B. F.t Co., Inc. rTPEMMPPpEnRAATTIUlRRFE RKLFGfilUJLLAA-' TORS (See Regulators, Tempera- UNnDDiUUEITRT<G(*S?R<e<eOrCwUoNndD,u'/ictsP, UUIPnndEdeerrggCrrooOuunNnddPiOe) Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co, STRAINERS--OU McAlear Mfg. Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. THERMOMETERS Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. VACUUM--Cleaning Apparatus American Radiator Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co.. Inc. , ' 357 - / Jnpex to Modern Equipment Dryers (S Drying Apparatus) Gages (See Gages, Vacuum) Heating Systems (See Heating Systems, Steam Vacuum) Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co.. Monash-Younker Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Producers PacUless A. & P. Regulator Co. American Radiator Co. Pumps (See Pumps, Vacuum) Dole Valve Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Regulators (See Regulators, Vacuum) Specialties (See Heating Special ties) Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Traps (See Traps, Vacuum) Smolensky Valve Co., Inc. Radiator VALVES--Air American Radiator Co Bishop & Babcock Co. American Radiator Co. Crane Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Crane Co. - Dole Valve Co. . * Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dole Valve Co. Dunham, C, A., Co. Donnelly Systems Co. . Fulton Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Fulton Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. . H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. . Illinois Engineering Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. International Heater Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. McAleax .Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co. Monash-Vounker Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Pierce, Butler& Pierce Mfg. Corp. Smolensky Valve Co.. Inc. . Powers Regulator Co. Trane Co. Smith, H. B.. Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Reducing Angle. Check and Globe Bishop 8t Babcock Co. - Crane Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Dole Valve Co. Fulton Co- Illinois Engineering Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Smolensky Valve Co., Inc. Back-Pressure Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. - Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Regrinding Smolensky Valve Co.. Inc. Return Line pavis, G. M., Regulator Co. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. Illinois Engineering Co. Kieley & Mueller* Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Fulton Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Safety Blow-Off ' Crane Co. . Float Crane Co. : Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. . Kieley & Mueller, Inc. Gage Detroit Lubricator Co. Gate . Crane Co. ' Detroit Lubricator Co. Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Smolensky Valve Co.. Inc. Steam Feed American Radiator Co. Crane Co. ... Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Kieley & Mueller, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Smolensky Valve Co., Inc. Thermostatic . Dole. Valve Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Smolensky Valve Co-. Inc. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Fulton Co- . Graduating . Dole Valve Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Hot Water Detroit Lubricator Co. Modulating Detroit Lubricator Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co.. O-.E Specialty Mfg. Co. Vacuum . Crane Co. . Detroit Lubricator Co.' Dole Valve Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. 358 O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. Webster. Warren, & Co. Vapor Dole Valve Co. VAPOR HEATING SYSTEMS (See Healing Systems, Steam) (Vapor) VENTILATING--B lower a (See Blowers, Ventilating) Fans (See Fans, Ventilating) . Systems American Blower Co. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Air Conditioning Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co., Inc. Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating &Ventilating Corp- VENTILATORS--Mushroom American Blower Co. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Inc. Roof American-Larson Ventilating Cp. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Construction Co. ' Clarage Fan Co. Hersh Brothers Co, Shipp, C. C., & Co. Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F. Co., Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Window American Blower Co. Call, John, Co. VENTS--Air Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C, A.. Co. Fulton CoHoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Monash-Younker Co. Trane Co. Webster, Warren, Sc Co. WARM-AIR FURNACES (See Furnaces, Worm Air) WARM-AIR HEATING SYS TEMS (Se Heating Systems, Warm A ir) . WATER ALARM--Electric Reliance Gauge Column Co. , WATER COLUMNS (See Columns, Water) WATER GAGES .(See Gages, Water) WATER-PROOF CEMENT (See Cement, Water Proof) ' WATER SOFTENERS Anti-Corrosion Eng. Co.. Inc. H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corp. . _ WEATHER STRIPS, METAL Monarch Metal Products Co. Index to Advertisers AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING AND VENTILATING ENGINEERS GUIDE, 1923 Page A. & P. Regulator Co., 424 Cumberland Ave., Park Ridge, 111............... .................... 294 American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., Detroit, Mich............................................. ..... 243 American Foundry & Furnace Co., Bloomington, III........................ ......................... . 188 American-Larson Ventilating Co., West North Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa................. 345-346 American Radiator Co., Buffalo, N. Y......................--............................................ 189-192 American Society Heating & Ventilating Engineers, New York, N. Y.......................... 335 Ames Iron Works, Oswego, N. Y......... .......................... -........................ -......................... 193 Anti-Corrosion Eng. Co., 117 West 54th St., New York, N. Y..................-................. 350 Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., Lafayette Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa....... ........... 178-179 Automatic Furnace Co., 1st & Harshman Sts., Dayton, O............ .............................. 253 Badger, E. B. & Sons Co., 75a Pitts St., Boston, Mass.................................................. 242 Bahnson Co., Winston-Salem, N. C.._.............................................................-................. 271 Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Greenbush St., Milwaukee, Wis......... ....................... ................. 244 Bishop & Babcock Co., 1204 East 55th St., Cleveland, O............................................. 295 Brownell Co., Dayton, O................................... ...................... ..................................... 194--195 Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co., 952 East 72nd St., Cleveland, O.............. 196-197 Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y........................ 245 Buffalo Steam Pump Co., Buffalo, N. Y............................................ ........................ ...... 284 Burnham Boiler Corp., Irvington, N. Y....................................................................... ..... 198 - Call, John, Co., 123 Franklin St., Philadelphia, Pa....................... ..................... ,,......... 347 Carrier Air Conditioning Co., Buffalo, N. Y..................................................................... 245 Carrier Construction Co., Newark, N. J.................................1............................... .......... 293 Carrier Engineering Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J..................... 180-181 Celite Products Co., 53 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111................................................. 272 Clarage Fan Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.................................... ............................................... 246 Cochrane Corp., H. S. B. W., 3120 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa..... '..................... 351 Continental Heater Corp., Dunkirk, N. Y.-.........................-....................... ;........... 199-200 Cooling Tower Co., 15 John St., New York, N. Y.......................................................... 183 Cox, Abram, Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, Pa............. 202-203 Crane Co., 836 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.......................:............................... 281-283 D. & T. Mfg. Co., 3001 La Salle St., St. Louis, Mo................................... .................. 269 Dalzell Bros. Co., 21 Holmes St., Youngstown, O............................................... .......... 292 Davis, G. M.t Regulator Co., 436 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago, 111................................. 296 Davis, J. F., & Sons Co., Ill West Monroe St., Chicago, ill.......................-....... -...... 201 Detroit Lubricator Co., 5842 Trumbull Ave., Detroit, Mich........................................ 336 Dole Valve Co., 1923 Carroll Ave., Chicago, Ul.............................. ....................... 337-338 Donnelly Systems Co., 9 Murray St., New York, N. Y.._...................... ........................297 Drying Systems Co., 11 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, III......................... ................ 240-241 Dunham, C. A., Co., 230 East Ohio St., Chicago, 111............................................. 298-301 EverHot Heater Co., 200-14 W. Woodridge St., Detroit, Mich...........:....................... 262 Excelso Specialty Works, 119 Clinton St., Buffalo, N. Y.._.................. ......................... 263 Fleisher, W. L., & Co., Inc., 31 Union Square, W.> New York, N. Y ...... ........... 182 Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co., 521 Bulletin Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa...... .....................288 Fulton Co., Knoxville, Term........................................................ ........................... .. 339-340 General Electric Co., 120 Broadway., New York, N. Y..... ........................................T. 279 Gleockle, A. F., Jr., 415 Bay St., Rochester, N. Y............................................. .......... 289 Gordon, Robert, Inc., 1353-57 Washington Blvd., Chicago, III......... ............... ........... 257 Gorton-Lidgerwood Co., 96 Liberty St., New York, N. Y..'_................................. 341-342 Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co., 4520 N. Euclid Ave., St.rLouis, Mo............................ 255 Healy-Ruff Co., Minneapolis, Minn............................... i................................................... 290 Heat. & Vent. Magazinej'1123 Broadway, New York, N. Y......................................... 334 Hersh Brothers Co., Allentown, Pa....................... ..................................................... 247-248 359 Index to Advertisers Page Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc., Waterbury, Conn........................................................ 302-313 Honeywell Heating Specialties Co.,. Wabash, Ind............................................................ 332 Illinois Engineering Co., Racine Ave. and 21st St., Chicago, 111.................................. 314 International Heater Co., Utica, N. Y>...,................................................................. 204-208 Johns-Manville, Inc., Madison Ave. and 41st St., New York, N. Y.-.......................... 273 Johnson Service Co., Milwaukee, Wis........................................................................ 324-328 Keasbey, Robert A., & Co., 445 West St., New York, N. Y......................................... 274 Keasbey & Mattison Co., Ambler, Pa................................................................................ 275 Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, 111............................................................................... 209-215 Kieley & Mueller, Inc., 34 West 13th St., New York, N. Y........................... .............. 315 Kier Fire Brick Co., 2244 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa............. .................................... 252 McAlear Mfg. Co., 1901-7 S. Western Ave., Chicago, 111 ....... z............................. 316 Midwest Air Filters, Inc., 100 East 45th St., New York, N. Y............................ 184-185 Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co., 2753 Fourth Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn............ 333 Molby Boiler Co., 41 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y.................. ;............................... 216 Monarch Metal Products Co., 5020 Penrose St., St. Louis, Mo........................... 277-278 Monash-Younker Co., 553 W. Monroe St., Chicago, 111................................................. 317 Nash Engineering Co., South Norwalk, Conn.................................................................. 285 O-E Specialty Mfg. Co., 880 Third St., Milwaukee, Wis.......... .................................... 318 Oil City Boiler Works, Oil City, Pa............................................................................ 217-218 Page Boiler Co., Win, H., 141 West 36th St., New York, N. Y................................... 219 Patterson-Kelley Co., 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y................................................. 264 Pennsylvania Engineering Co., 1119 N. Howard St., Philadelphia, Pa....................... 291 Petroleum Heat & Power Co., 100 Boyiston St., Boston, Mass.................................... 239 Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co., 41 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y................. 220-343 Powers Regulator Co., 2715 Greenview Ave., Chicago, III.................................... 329-331 Prox, Frank, Co., Terre Haute, Ind............................................... ........................... 221-222 Reading Heater & Supply Co., Woodward and Church Sts., Reading, Pa.... ............ 270 Reed, William, Eng. Co., 740-44 S. First St., Louisville, Ky........................................ 186 Reliance Gauge Column Co., Cleveland, 0....................................................................... 319 Ric-wil Co., Cleveland, O................. -................................................................................... 276 Richardson & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y..................................... 223 Richmond Radiator Co., 1480 Broadway, New York, N. Y................................ '........ 224 Ross Heater & Mfg. Co., Inc., 1407-11 West Ave., Buffalo, N. Y............ .......... 265-266 Sanford Riley Stoker Co., 9 Neponset St., Worcester, Mass.... `.................................... 254 Shipp, C. C., & Co., 230 E. Ohio St., Indianapolis, Ind........................................ 348-349 Sarco Co., Inc., 17 Barclay St., New York, N. Y............................................................ 320 . Skidmore Corp., 1535 Dayton St., Chicago, 111................................... :........................... 286 Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co., Inc., Elizabeth, N. J.................................................... 258-259 ^ Smith, H. B. Co., Westfield, Mass.............................................................................. 225-228 * Smolensky Valve Co., Inc., 4877 East 84th St., Cleveland, O...................................... 344 Stack Heater Co., 39 Sudbury St., Boston, Mass....................... .................................... 267 Standard Heater Co., Williamsport, Pa.......................................... .......................... 229-230 Stickle Steam Specialties Co., Indianapolis, Ind.............................................................. 321 Sturtevant, B. F., Co., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass...................,....................................... 249 Thatcher Furnace Co., 131 West 35th St., New York, N. Y.......... ..................... 231-232 Thermal Appliance Co., 243 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y........ ............................. 268 Trane Co., La Crosse, Wis.:................................... ,...........{........................................ 287-322 XXth Century Heat. & Vent. Co., Edison and Ira Ave., Akron, 0............................ 255 U. S. Radiator Corp., Detroit, Mich.......................................................................... 233-236 Utica Heater Co., Utica, N. Y.................................................................................... 237-238 Webster, Warren & Co., Camden, N. J............................................ ................................. 323 Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa...,.................. ............................. 280 Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co., 253 West 13th St., New York, N. Y..................... ........... 250-251 X Laboratories, 25 West 45th St.f New York, N. Y............................. 1........................ 187 York Heat. & Vent. Co., 1502 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa............................ ..... 260-261 360 ! Roll of Membership American Society of Heating and ventilating Engineers HONORARY MEMBERS BBAILLLDINWGINS,, WDRM..JJ.. S(.19(11859),6)N, eNwewYoYrko,rkN, .NY. .Y. (Deceased March 10, 1913.). NGEOWRTMOLNY,, CJO. HWN. ((CChhaarrtteerr MMeemmbbeerr)),, BNaoltrirmisotorew,nM, dP.a. (Deceased August 6, 1920.) LIST OF MEMBERS Arranged Alphabetically--All Grades (Asterisk indicates authorship of papers) A ACHESON, Albert R. (1919). Prof, of Mech. Engr., Syracuse University, and (for mail) 601 Eckel Theatre Bldg.. Syracuse. N. Y. ADAMS. Benjamin (1919). Dist. Mgr., (for mail) ' American Blower Co., 612 Otis Bldg., and 2036 Mt. Vernon St., Philadelphia. Pa. ADAMS, Charles W. (1920) Sales Engr.. HoBman Specialty Co., Inc.. 309 Mutual Bldg., Kansas ADCAitMy,SM. oD. as (1919), Lockwood. Greene & Co., 24 Federal St., Boston, and 91 Allerton Rd., New ALLEN, DeWitt M. (Junior 1922). Sales Rep. Ilg Elec. Vent. Co., and Chicago Pump Co., (for mail) 50 Dundonald St.. Toronto, Ont. ALLEN, Harry D. (1917), Heat. Engr., (for mail) 2940 W. Lake St.. Chicago, and River Forest. 11L ALLEN, LeRoy E. (1921), (for mail) Dept. Chief Engr., Grinnell Co., Inc., Dana & Paige Aves., and 209 Howland Ave., Warren, O. . ALLEN, W. Harwell (Junior 1910; 1911). Pres., State Heat. & Power Co., 272 .Walnut St., and 607 S. Cleveland Ave.. Memphis. Term. . ALLING, Harold W. (Junior 1917), Accountant, Leslie Banks & Co,. 50'Church St., New York. N. Y., and (for mail) 507 River St., Hoboken, ADtoAnMHSig,hHlanednsr.yM(aCshs.arter Member), (Board oi Managers 1894; Council 1895; 1898; 2nd VicePres. 1897; Pres. 1899); Consulting Engr., 1263 69 Calvert Bldg., and 2038 ParkAve., Baltimore. ADMAdM. S, Neil D.' (Junior 1922). EUerhee & Co., 692 Endicott Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. ADDAMS, Homer (Charter Member), (Treas., 1915-1922; 1st Vice-Pres., 1923), Vice-Pres., Kewanee Boiler Co., Inc., 47 W. 42nd St., New ALNL.INJ.SON, Orrie H- (1915), Jobstown. N. J. ALMIRALL, Juan A- (1697). Almiral] & Co.. Inc.. AL1TD, oHmairnoicldk SL.t.*, N(1e9w13Y).o6r2k0. ANv.eY. .Joffre, Shang AMhaMi.ECRhMinaA. N, Charles R. (1916). Consulting Engr., (for mail) Charles R. Ammerman, 529 Occidental Bldg., and 3908 Occidental Bldg., ANInDdEiaLn,apForlaisn. kInJd.. (1922), 4518-22 N. Levlngton ADYDorYk., NR.oYbe. rt (1919), Plbg. and Heat. Contr., AD70L1E2RF,oArtlpShto.,nWse., AD.e*t(r1o9it2.1M),iCcho.nsulting Engr.. 9 Murray St., New York, N. Y.. and 35 Stewart AHALveF.F, ,ArAlinlbgetortn,AN. .(AJ.ssociate 1918). Mgr. U. S. Radiator Coro., 303 Crosby Bldg., and 163 ALHEuXghAeNsDAEveR.,, B, Auflffarelod. ND. .Y. (1915). Consulting Engr.. 168 Marion St., Oak Park, ill. ALEXANDER, Clifford M. (1920). Ch. Drafts man, Mouat Vapor Heat Co.. 1246 W. 4th St., Cleveland, and (for mail) 19,230 Battersea Blvd., ALRGoEckRy, RRivicehr,aOrd. W. (1911). Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr., Marye, Alger & Alger. Archt., 201-4 Walton Bldg., and 378 N. Blvd., Atlanta, Ga. ALLAN, Charles D. (1920), 'Consulting Engr., 1923 Calumet Ave., and 4526'Dover St., Chicago, ANSDt.,ECRhEicGagGo,. R11.1H. . (1920), Ch. Draftsman. Trane * Co., and (for maii) 625 S. 8th St., La Crosse. Wis. ' ANDERSON, Carroll S. (1920). Dist. Mgr.. American Blower Co-, 1015 Mercantile Bank Bldg., and 827 W. iGth St.. Dallas, Tex ANDERSON, Claude A. (1916), Dist. Mgr., Ilg Electric Vent. Co., 326 Commercial Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, and 5025 Pulaski Ave., German ANtoDwEnR. SPaO. N, Edward. L. (1921), America. n Blower Co-. New First National Bank Bldg., and 881J2. ANBDroEaRdSSOt.N, ,CFol.uPmabuusl*, (O1.921), Director, Research Laboratopr, A. S. H. & V. E., U. SI Bureau of ANMDinEeRsS, POiNtts, bFu.rgPh,auPal,. Jr. (Junior. 1920), Sales Engr., (for mail) Armstrong Cork &. Insulation Co., 50 Chizrch'St,, New. York; N. Y., and 515 Grant Ave., Plainfield, N. J. ; . . 111. 361 Roll of Membership ANDERSON, HJalmer J. (1919), Engr., Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., and (for mail) 990 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn. ANDERSON, S. A., Jr. (1909), (for mail) Ander son Bros., Box 486, 1302-4 Jefferson St., and 90S N Ave., Grande, Ore. -' ANDREWS, Bernard R. (1919), Andrews 8a Goodrich, Inc., 88 Broad St., Boston, and 49 Oak St., Braintree, Mass. ANGELL, Winfield T. (1922) Asst. Heat. Engr.. Lord & Burnham Co.. Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y., and 409 E. 6th St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ANGUS, Harry H. (1918). Consulting Engr., 217 Continental Life Bldg., and (for mail) 32 Sidney St., Toronto, Ont. ANGUS, Robert A. (1920). Service Equipt. Engr.,. Dwight P. Robinson & Co., Inc., 125 E. 46th St., New York, and 19 Rich Ave., Mt. Vernon. N. Y. APPELL, Albert O. (1919). Engr. and Estimator, Brohl & Appell, and 319 E. Madison St., San dusky, O. ARENBERG, Milton K. (Associate 1920). Sales Engr., llg Electric Vent. Co., Room 1816, Mailers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash Ave., and 5142 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. . ARKLEY, L. M. (1922), Prof. Mech. Engr., Queen's University, ana 22 Kensington Ave., Kingston. Ont. ARMAGNAC, Arthur S. (Associate 1907; 1914), Editor, Heat, and Vent. Magazine, 1123 Broad . way. New York, N. Y., and 375 Upper Mountain Ave., Upper Montclair, N. J. ARMSPACH, Otto W * (1919), (for mail) c/o E. Vernon Hill Co., 64 W. Randolph St., Chicago. III. ARNOLD, Robert Samuel (Junior 1922), Sales Engr., (for mail) American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., and 7436 Oakland St., Detroit, Mich. ARTHUR, Harry W. (Associate 1920), Mgr., Arthur Service Co., Plbg. & Heat. Engrs., 409 Empire Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa* ARTHUR, John M., Jr. (1923), Industrial Engr., Kansas City Power & Light Co., Kansas City, Mo. ASHLEY, Edward E., Jr. (1912), Starrett and Van Vleck, 8 W. 40th St., New York, N. Y., and (for mail) P. O. Box 188, Noroton Heights, Conn. ASTON, James (1919), Metallurgical Engr., (for mail) A. M. Byers Co., 235 Water St., Pittsburgh, ` and 50 Forest Ave., Ben Avon, Pa. ATHERTON, G. R. (1918), Sales Engr., Hart & Crouse Co.. 1446 S. Canal St., Chicago, and (for mail) Franklin St., Geneva, III. ATKINSON. Henry G. (Junior 1921), Johns- Manville Co.. 296 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y., and Alpine. N. J. ATKINSON. Robert E. (1897), (Board of Gov ernors 1907), 6 Trafalgar Rd., Birkdale, South port, England. AUBINGER, Edw. W. (1921). Gen. Mgr., Heat. Dept., Haines. Jones and Cadbury Co., 1136 Ridge Ave., and 4622 Pilling St., Philadelphia, Pa. AUSTIN, Frank L. (1914). Archt., 246 College St.. Burlington, Vt. AUSTIN, William E. (1909). Br. Mgr., (for mail) National Radiator Co., P. O. Box 1708, and 210 W. Graham Rd., Richmond, Va. AYERS, A. E. (1921), Rautman Plbg. & Heat. Co.. 109 Jackson St., and 3437. Belvidere Ave.-, Seattle, Wash., BABBITT, Edward C. (1923), Asst. Engr., Frank L. Packard, 16 E. Broad St., and (for mail) 1157 E. Monna St., Columbus, O. . BACHLER, Harry C. (Junior 1921). Heat. Engr., (for mail) C. F. Bachler & Son, 139 N. 4th St., and 836 Kenmore Rd., Philadelphia. Pa. BACHLER, Leonard J. (1918). Heat, and Sales Engr., 101 Park Ave., and 157 W. 49th.St.,.New York, N. Y. . BACKUS, Theodore H. L. (1916), Schumacher & Backus. 308 S. Main St.;' and 10I8: Vaughn St., Ann Arbor, Mich: . .` BACON, John H., Jr; (1909), Sales' Mgr,. The Kennedy Co.. 1849!Pr6spect Ave., and (for mail) 1832 E. 79tb St., Cleveland. Oi . BAETZ, Henry (1919), (for mail) Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc., 1424 S. Vandeventef St., and 5854 Etzel Ave., St. Louis, Mo. BAHNSON, Frederic F.* (1917), Ch. Engr., The Bahnson Co., and (for mail) Drawer G<, Salem Sta., Winston-Salem, N. C. BAILEY, Winfield C. (1913), Sales Engr., Warren Webster & Co., 15 W. 34th St., New York, and P. O. Box 94, Milton-on-Hudson, N. Y. BAIN, James G. (1920), Pres., Ideal Specialty Co., Box 493, Helena. Mont. BAKER, E. E. (1910), Pres., Kewanee Boiler Co.'. Kewanee, 111. ' BAKER, Harry W. H. (1918), Sanitary and Heat. Engr., Gordon & Co., Ltd., 110 Szechuen Rd., Shanghai, China. BAKER, Howard G. (1921), Pres.. The Howard C. Baker Co.. 213 Michigan St., and 15 Columbia St., Toledo. O. . BAKER, Irving C. (1921), Engr., American Blower Co., 1027 Atlanta Trust Co. Bldg., At lanta. Ga. BALDWIN, William H. (1921), Sales Engr., C. A. Dunham Co.. Ltd.. 229 College St., and 600 Windermere Ave., Toronto, Ont. BALDWIN, William J.* (1915), (Honorary Mem ber), Consulting Engr., (for mail) Thomas Jef ferson Bldg.. 4 Court Sq., and 151 Halsey St., Brooklyn, N. Y. BALLENGER, D. P. (1921). Sales Engr.. Pierce. Butler & pierce Mfg. Corp., Lorraine and Grand River Ave.. Detroit, and (for mail) 1320 Clifford St., Flint, Mich. HAMPTON, C. Morton (1919). Secy, and Mgr. Ideal Heat. Co., 915 Gates Ave., Brooklyn, and (for mail) 8806 191st St., Hollis, L. I.. N. Y. BARGER, Paul R. (Associate 1920), Pres., (for mail) Barger Sheet Metal Co.. 1433 Hamilton Ave., and 10548 Remington Ave., Cleveland, O. BARKER, Arthur H.* (1906), Consulting Engr., (for mail) 100 Victoria St., Westminster, London, S. W. 1, and 32 Bfomley Rd., Beckenham, Kent, ' England. BARNES, Arthur F. (1921), Mech. Engr. and Mgr., Houston Office, (for mail) Barglebaugh & Whitson, Great Southern Life Bldg., and 703 Webster Ave.. Houston, Tex. BARR. George W. (1905), Pres.. Roach Stoker Co.. Presser Bldg., Philadelphia, and (for mail) Box 95, Bala. Cynwyd. Pa. BARRETT, Leonard L.*(1922), Mgr. Eng. Dept., . (for mail) Keasbey & Mattison Co.. 217 Broad*" way. New York, and 11 Tennis Apts., Forest Hills, L. I.f N. Y. BARROWS, Charles E. (Associate 1921), Mgr. City Sales, Crane Co., (for mail) 156 N. Jefferson St., Chicago, and 114 Kedzie St., Evanston, 111. BARTH, Herbert E. (1920). Dist. Mgr., (for mail) ' American Blower Co.. 526 Swetland. Bldg., and 334 Hotel Winton, Cleveland, O. . BARRY, Patrick I. (1920), Heat. Engr.. M. Barry & Co., 4 Marlboro St., and Grand'View .Terrace, . Victoria Rd., Cork, Ireland. BARTLETT; Amos C. (1919), Sales Mgr.; Mas sachusetts.Blower Co., Watertown, and 10 Dun barton Rd., Wollaston, Mass; BARTLETT, C. Edwin (1922), Mgr.. Bartlett & Co-, Inc., 1938 Market St., Philadelphia, and . 209 Creswell St., Ridley Park, Pa. BARTLEY, Fred C. (1919). Bartley, O'Neill Co., 224 3rd Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. BARTON, Royal Elton (1922), Engr., McLean & Cousins Co., Chandler and St, Charles Sts., Boston, and 4 Lyman Terrace, Dorchester, Mass. BARWICK, Thomas (1920), (for mail) Consulting Engr., Buchman' & Kahn, Arcbts., 49 W. 45th St., New York, and.668 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. " BASTEDO, Albert E. (1919). Mgr. and Treas., ` (for mail) Burnham Boiler Corp., Irvington-on- Hudson, and 12 Riverview Place, Hudson Heights, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. BATEMAN, William H., Jr. (1921), Heat. Engr.. C. J. Doyle, 2056 Pine St.; and 2519 S. 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 362 Roll of Membership BAUM, Albert L. (1916), Consulting Engr., Jaros & Baum, 116 W. 39th St., and (for mail) 99 Claremont Ave.. New York, N. Y- BEAHM, Robert B.. 2nd (Associate 1919), Sales Engr., Eagan & Beahm, Inc., 805 Stephen Girard Bldg., Philadelphia, and Haverford, Pa. BEAR. Oliver L. (1917), 1120 Mulford St., Evanston, 111. BEATTY, David J. (1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J., and 1274 New York Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. BEAURRIENNE, Auguste* (1912), Conti, and Consulting Engr., 25 Rue des Marguettes, Paris, 12th Arr., France. BECKER, Albert L. (Associate 1919), Pres., A. L. Becker Heat. & Vent. Co.. 411 Long Ave., Cleveland, and 1142 Webb Rd.. Lakewood, O. BEEBE, Frederick E. W- (Associate 1915), Sales Engr., Johnson Service Co., 118 E. 28th St.. New York, N. Y,, and 543 Chilton St., Elizabeth, N. J. BEECHER, Philip M. (1908). Mgr., Promotion and Sales, (for mail) Samuel Sloan & Co., 67 Exchange St., and 26J Strathallan Park, Rochester, N. Y. . BEGGS. Douglas T. (1922), Secy.. Walker Electric & Plbg. Co., 91 Peters St., Atlanta, and 612 W. College Ave., Decatur, Ga. ` BENNETT, Charles A. (1917), Chargeman, Draftsman and Engr., 1850 E. Main St., Port land. Ore. . BENNITT, George E. (1918), Utilization Dept., Consolidated Gas Co., 130 E. 15th St., New York, N. Y. - BENOIT, William E. (Associate 1919), Vice-Pres., (for mail) Gallaher & Speck, 219 W. Congress St., Chicago, and 225 S. Harvey Ave., Oak Park, 111. BENTZ, Harry (1915), Pres., Bentz Eng. Co.. 90 West St., New York, N. Y. , BERG, A. Herman (1919), Mgr., (for mail) St. BLACK, George E. (1915). Factory Mgr., H. H. Robertson Co.. Ambridge, and (for mail) 709 Broad St:. Sewickley. Pa. BLACK, Harry G. (1917). P. Gormly Co., (for mail) 155 N. 10th St., and 6052 Catherine St., Philadelphia, Pa. BLACK, John (1919), John Black & Son, 134 Prospect St., Trenton, N. J. ' BLACK, John J. A. (Junior 1922). John Black & Son, 135 Prospect St., Trenton, N. J. BLACKHALL, Wllmot R. (1922). Sales Engr.. (for mail) McKellar & Blackhall, 228 St. Helens Ave., ana 332 Waverley Rd., Toronto, Ont. BLACKMAN, Alfred O. (1911). Supt. Power and Plant, (for mail) Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., and 48 Hillcrest Ave., Stamford, Conn. BLACKMORE, F. H. (1923). U. S. Radiator Corp.. Edwardsville, HI. BLACKMORE, George C. (Charter Member), 435 Maple Ave., Edgewood Park, Allegheny County. Pa. BLACKMORE, J. J.* (Charter Member). (Coun cil 1896; Board of Governors 1904; Secretary 1914,1915); J. L. Mott Ironworks. 118 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. BLACKWELL, C. H. (1921), Dis. Mgr., Warren- Webster&Co.. Room 7, Sec. E, Central Bldg., and 527 E. Lake Ave., Apt. 106, Seattle, Wash. BLADON, James B. (1909), Ch. Engr., Darling Bros.. Ltd., Montreal, Que. BLANDING, George H. (1919), Sales Engr., Johnson Service Co., 177 N. Dearborn St., . Chicago, and (for mail) 729 Hayes Ave., Oak . Park. 111. . BLANEY, Charles A. (1914), Wheeler-Blaney Co., 223 N. Burdick St., Kalamazoo, Mich. BLANKIN,' Merrill F. (Junior 1919). Secy., Haynes Selling Co., 1711 Sansom St., and (for mail) 470 Lyceum Ave., Roxborough, Philadel phia, Pa. BLIZARD. John* (1921). Fuel Engr., U. S. Louis Vent. & Sheet Metal Co., 1310 Ann Ave., and 4165 Walsh St.. St. Louis, Mo. BERGER, Clyde D. (1922), Sup. Engr.. Heat & Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes St., and (for mail) 1^309 Richmond Ave., Swissvale, Pittsburgh, Power Corp., 30 Light St., and (for mail) 2604 BLOMFELDT, Allen A. (1914) Vice-Pres., Blora- Overland Ave., Baltimore, Md. BERGGREEN, Paul H. (1921), 22 Horsholms- gade. Copenhagen, Denmark. BERCNER, William G. (Associate 1923). Berg- ner Plbg., Heat. & Supply Co., 1925 State St., and 2435 C St., Granite City, III. BERMAN, Louis K. (1908), Secy., Raisler Heat. Co,, 129 Amsterdam Ave.. New York, N. Y. BEST, John H. (1921), Heat, and Sanitary Engr., Martin C. Schwab. 116 S. Michigan Ave., and (for mail) 4109 Broadway. Chicago. 111. ! BEVERLEY, R. Carter (1905), Pres, and Treas., R. C. Beverley Heat. Co., Inc., 9 N, 7th St., and (for mail) 3812 Chamberlayne Ave., Richmond, Va. BIGGIN, Frank (1918), Director, Brightside Foundry Eng. Co., and Mgr,, (for mail) Heat, & Vent. Dept., Wicker Iron Works, Sheffield, Eng feldt & Rapp Co., 108 N. Jefferson St., and 6523 . Greenview Ave., Chicago. 111. BLOOM, Samuel C. (1915), Vice-Pres. and Re search Engr., Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., 841 Monadnock Block, and (for mail) 7043 Clyde Ave*. Chicago, 111. . BOARDMAN, Wallace E. (1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Stone & Webster, Inc., 147 Milk St., Boston, and (for mail) 54 Pleasant St.,. Wake field, Mass. .' . BODTKE. Max (1921). Box, 24 R. F. D. No. 1. Berrien Springs, Mich. BOGATY, Herman S. (1921). Ch. Engr.. (for mail) Proctor & Schwartz. Inc., 7th and Tabor Rd., and 5243 N. 10th St., Philadelphia. Pa. BOHN, R. G. (1921). Kallister & Bohn. 1015 Peoria Life Bldg., Peoria, HI. land. and 19 Rupert Rd., Sheffield, England. BOLLING. J. Eaten* (Junior 1918; 1921). Pub BINDER, Charles G. (1920). Mgr. Heat. Dept., licity Engr., Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Freling- Warren Webster & Co., Point and Pearl Sts.. huysen Ave.. Newark, N. J. Cpmden, and (for mail) 115 Oak Terrace, Mer- BOLSINGER; Raymon C. (1916), Secy., Fowler chantville, N. J. - & Wolf Mfg. Co., 521 Bulletin Bldg., Philadel BINDER, Irving (Junior 1920; 1922), Engr. and phia, Pa., and 238 Ev Madison Ave., Collings- Estimator, Walker & Chambers, 222 E. 4lst St., wood, N. J. and 900 Riverside Drive, New York, N. Y, BOLTON, James R. (1916), (for mail) James R. BIRCH, Herbert R. (1922). Sales Engr.. U. S. Radiator Corp., 101 Park Ave., and 875 W. 181st Bolton & Co., 17 W. Milwaukee Ave.. Detroit, and 106 Waverly Ave., Highland Park. Mich. St., New York, N. Y. BISHOP, Charles R. (1901), (Council 1916), Con sulting Engr., 61 Broadway, New York, and (for mail) 413 Locust St., Lockport, N. Y. BISHOP, Frederick R. (1921). Mgr. Heat. Dept. Kelley-How-Thomson Co., and 519 N. 18th Ave., E. Duluth, Minn. BLACK, Edgar Newbold (1922), Ch. Engr., Whit ney MacDonald Co., 2320 E. Tioga St., and (for ' BOLTON, Reginald P.* (1897). (Board of Gov ' ernors. 1901; 2nd Vice-Pres., 1903; 1st Vice-Pres.. 1905, 1910; Pres., 1911; Board of Governors, 1912, 1913). Prgs., R. P. Bolton Co.. 116 E. 19th St., and 638 W. 158th St.. New York. N. Y. BOON, George.(1915), Engr., (for mail) Boon & Sample. 1708 Arch St., Philadelphia, and N.E. Cor. 36th and Hamilton Sts., W. Philadelphia, mail) 1533 Locust St., Philadelphia. Pa. BLACK, Fred C. (1919). Mgr., M. H. Crane .. Estate, 28 N. Des Plaines St., and 4535 N. Ash Pa. BOOTH, Charles A. (1917), Sales Mgr., (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., and 142 Summit Ave., land Ave., Chicago, 111- .. Buffalo, N.Y. . 363 Roll of Membership BOOTH, Harry N. (Associate 1917). Mgr., New York Br., U. S. Radiator Corp., 101 Park Ave., New York. N. Y. BORDEN, John M. (1920). Const. Engr., Johns- Manville, Inc.. 210 N. Broad St., and (for mail) 48 E. Washington Lane. Philadelphia, Pa. BORNEMANN, Walter A. (Junior 1923), Engr.. Carrier Eng. Corp., 1402 Land Title Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. BOSTAIN, James C. (1923). Williamson Heater Co.. 337 W. 5th St.. Cincinnati, O. BOSWIN, George A. (1917), Secy., (for mail) R..B. Hayward Co., 1714 Sheffield Ave., and 902 Diversey Parkway. Chicago. 111. BOURBONNIERE. J. A. (1921), Engr.. Golden Gate Mfg. Co.. 9 Youville St., Montreal. Que. BOWERS, A. F. (Associate 1919), Industrial Heat. & Eng. Co., 143 Oneida St., Milwaukee. Wis. BOWERS, J. S. (1921), Des. and Est, Engr.. N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co., 10th and Chestnut Sts., and 2525a W. St. Louis Ave., St. Louis, Mo. BOYD, D. Knlckerbacker (1921), Otis Bldg.. 112 S. 16th St., and Coronado Apts., 22nd and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia. Pa. BOYDEN, Davis S.* (1909), (Council 1917). Supt. Steam Heat. Service Dept., (for mail) . Edison Elec. 111. Co., 39 Boylston St., Boston, and 72 Gardner St., Allston, Mass. BOYLSTON, Arthur W. (1918). Engr., 120 N. Franklin St., Chicago, and 1539 Lake Ave.. Wil mette. 111. BOYLSTON, John (Associate 1906). Pre9.. (for mail) Boylston Steam Specialty Co.. 116 W. Illinois St., Chicago, and 1302 Chestnut Ave., Wilmette. 111. BRADBURY, Clifford R. (1904). Supv. Archfs Office, U. S. Treasury Dept., and (for mail) 1843 Lamont St.. N.W., Washington. D. C. BRADBURY, Geo. L. (1921), Co-partner and Mgr.. Bradbury Bros. Heat Co., 1219 Stout St., and 1254 Race St.. Denver, Colo. BRADLEY, Eugene P* (1905), Hester. Bradley Co.. 4200 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, and 4 Yale Ave.. University City, Mo. BRADLEY, John T. (1908), (Board of Governors, 1911), Pres., Bradley Heat Co.. 3834 Olive St., St. Louis, and 4 Yale Ave., University City. Mo. BRADLEY, Royal H. (1915). Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Kelsey Heat. Co.,- The Alhambra Bldg., Syra cuse, N. Y. BRADY, B. W. (1919). Heat. Engr. and Contr., Pres.. Brady & Co.. 120 N. May St., and 5027 Washington Blvd., Chicago, 111. BRAEMER, William G. R. (1915). Consulting Engr.. Grinnell Co.. Inc., Ch. Engr.. American Moistening Co., 260 W. Exchange St., Provi dence. and 181 Norwood Ave., Cranston, R. I. BRANDELES, H. J. (1921), Pres, and Mgr., H. J. Brandeles Corp., 435 Lafayette St., Utica, N. Y. BRASSINGTON. Arthur F. (Associate 1918). 507-9 W. 35th St., New York, and 337 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond. N. Y. BRAUN, Louis T. (1921). Secy., Chicago Master Steam Fitters Association, 1213 Chamber of Commerce, and (for mail) 1418 Jonquil Terrace, Chicago, III. BRAY, Daniel S. (Associate 1920), Local Mgr., (for mail) Peerless Heater Co.. 1235-45 St. Clair Ave., and 9925 Olivet Ave., Cleveland, O. BRECKENRIDGE, Lester P. (1920), Prof. Mech. Eng., (Emeritus), (for mail) Mason Laboratory, 400 Temple St., New Haven. Conn. BREDESON, Clarence R. (1921), Salesman, (for mail) American Radiator Co., 688 Hampden Ave.. St. Paul, and 53 Melbourne Ave., S.E., Minneapolis. Minn. BREEN, Joseph W. (1916), Heat. Engr., Wyal- using Ave., and Fallon St., and (for mail) 957 Fallon St,, W. Philadelphia, Pa. BREITENBACH, Walter (Junior 1923), Designer and Estimator. Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co., 4045 Forest Park Blvd., and (for mail) 1525a Mallinckrodt St.. St. Louis, Mo. BRENDER, Peter E. (1920), Engr., Albert Kahn, Detroit, and (for mail) 204 S. Observatory St., Ann Arbor. Mich. " BRENNAN, Thomas P. (1914), Pres., Brennan, Moran. McGowan, Inc., 157 Columbus Ave., and 502 W. 141st St. New York, N. Y. BRESNAHAN, James J. (1919), Pres-, and Treas. James J. Bresnahan. Inc., 462 Elk St., and 135 Fordham Drive.Buffalo, N. Y. ' BRIDGES, Frank G. (1919), Heat. Engr., Powers Regulator Co., 1863 Reyburn Rd., Cleveland, O. BRINTON, J. W. (1920), Mgr.. Boston Office, American Blower Co., 10 High St., Boston, Mass. BRODERICK, Joseph F. (Junior 1914; 1918). Engr., S. H. Sweeney. 213-15 E. 44th St,, New York, N. Y.. and (for mail) 67 Sound View Ave., Stamford. Conn. BROGAN, James J. (Associate 1917), (for mail) Brogan & Co., 810 Race St., Philadelphia, and 6142 Lebanon Ave., Overbrook, Pa. BROGAN, William J. (Junior 1922), Brogan & Co.. 810 Race St., Philadelphia, and 6142 Lebanon Ave., Overbrook, Pa. . BRONSON, Carlos E. (1919). Mech. Engr.. Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, 111. BRONSON, Ralph E. (Associate 1919), Mgr., (for mail) R. E, Bronson Co., 1830 St. Clair Ave., and 1597 Rosewood Ave., Cleveland, O. BROOKS, Thos. C. (1923), Pres, and Treas., T. C. Brooks Co.. 99-101 W. Dedam St., and 301 Shawmut Ave., Boston, Mass. BROWN, Edwin H. (1920), (for mail) Hewitt & Brown, Aichts. and Engrs., 1200 2nd Ave., S., Minneapolis, and Point Lookout, Wayzata, Minn. BROWN, Edward R. (1920), (for mail) The Brown Co., 1053 Baltimore Ave., W., and 2290 La Mothe Ave.. Detroit. Mich. BROWN, Fred C. (Associate 1919), Supervisor of Bldgs., Bd. of Educ., 245 9th Ave., N., and 2425 Chicago Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. BROWN, John H. (1920), Br. Mgr., (for mail) Keasbey & Mattison Co., 429 N. Washington Ave.. and 3704 Blaisdell St., Minneapolis, Minn. BROWN, Stephen J. (Associate 1919), Pres., Globe Vent. Co., 205 River St., and 5 Locust Ave.. Troy, N. Y. BROWN, Warren G. (1916). Mech. Supt., Smith, Hinchman & Grylls. 800 Marquette Bldg., Detroit, and 172 Avalon Ave., Highland Park, Mich. BROWNE. Alfred L. (1923), Engr. and Sales Mgr., Illinois Eng. Co., 3514 Grand Central Terminal, New York, hf. Y. ' BROWNELL, Chester D. (1923). Gen. Mgr. and Engr.. Reliable Plbg. & Heat. Co.; 105 N. Walnut St., and (for mail) 307 White St., W., Champaign, 111. . BRUEGGEMAN, Arthur R. (1920), Pres., The A. R. Brueggeman Co.. Keith Bldg., and 3068 Huntington Rd., Shaker Heights, Cleveland, O. BRUNT, T. Bayard (1917), Sales Engr.. H. B. Smith Co., (for mail) 4939 Hazel Ave., Phila delphia. Pa. ./ BRYANT, Dr. Alice G. (1921), 502 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. BRYANT, Percy J. (1915), Ch. Engr., U. S. Military Academy, West Point, and Newburgh, N. Y. BRYCE. John W. (1918), The Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co., 415-18 Spitzer Bldg., Toledo, O. . BRYCE, Stephen D. (1921), Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co.. 415 Spitzer Bldg., and 2907 Rockwood Place, Toledo, O, BUCK. Frank W. (1920), Mech. Engr., The H. K. Ferguson Co., 6523 Euclid Ave., and 1861 E. 90th St.. Cleveland. O. BUCK, Mitchell S. (1922), Engr., (for mail) Vapor Heating Co., 215 S. 17th St., and 213*Rex Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. BUDER, Charles G. (1919), 1441 Hamilton Ave., St. Louis, Mo. BUEL, H. G. (1921), Salesman, Tilghman, Moyer Co., 814 Hamilton St., and (for mail) 1615> Turner St., Allentown, Pa. BUENGER, Albert* (Junior 1917; 1920). Mech. . Engr., C. H. Johnston, Archt., 715 Capital Bank Bldg., and (for mail) 1666 Stanford Ave., St. St. Paul, Minn. 364 Roll of Membership BUENSOD, Alfred C. (1918), Mech. Sales Engr.. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., and 61 W. 10th St., New York, N. Y. BUNNELL, Ereell, W. (Junior 1923). Sales Engr., C. A. Dunham Co.. 2021J$ 1st Ave.. and 1806 10th Ave.. S.. Birmingham, Ala. * BUNTON, Fred L. (1919). Mgr., Kewanee Boiler Co.. 945 Oliver Bldg., and 5514 Center Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa. BURGER, John C. (1919). Contr., (for mail) Gallaher & Speck, 219 W. Congress St., and 7201 Champlain Ave., Chicago, 111. BURNAP, Chas. W. (Junior 1922), Herman Nelson Corp., 724 Commercial St., Emporia, Kans. _,, BURNETT, Earle S. (1920). Mech. Engr., Bureau of Mines, and (for mail) Old Colony Club, Hotel Raleigh. Washington, D. C. BURNS, James J. (1919), Burns. Fleming & Co.. 620 2nd Ave., and 6646 Ridgeville St., Pitts burgh. Pa. BURNS. Richard D. (1915). 19th and Brown Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. _ BURR, Ralph J. (Associate 1919). Heat. Contr., Standish, Mich. BURRITT, Charles G. (Associate 1916). Mgr.. Johnson Service Co., 308 3rd Ave., S., Minne apolis. Minn. . BURTON, Clarence A. (1919), Salesman. Ke wanee Boiler Co., 2020 Wyandotte St., and 3534 Virginia Ave.. Kansas City, Mo. BUSHNELL, Carl D. (Associate 1921). Pres., Bushnell Machinery Co., 206 Wood St.. Pitts burgh, and 94 Pilgrim Rd., Rosslyn Farms. Carnegie, Pa. ___ . . BUSHNELL, Clifford D. (1921), Supt. of Physical Plant, Purdue University, and 427 Russell St., W., LaFayette, Ind. BUSHNELL, Thomas H.. Jr. (1920), Engr., Na tional Lamp Works, Nela Park, and 16019 Elderwood Ave.. E. Cleveland, O. BUTLER, Peter D. (1922). Salesman, U. S. Rad. Corp.. 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y., and (for mail) 1131 Summit Ave., Jersey City, N. J. BUTLER, Thomas F. (Associate 1919). Heat. Vent, and Plbg.. (for mail) 545 Broadway, and W. Erie and Madison Aves., Lorain, Ohio. BYSOM, Leslie L. (1915), Public Works Dept. Puget Sound Navy Yard, and (for mail) 618 Boston St.. Bremerton, Wash. CARPENTER, B. Harold (Charter Member). (Board of Managers 1899, Board of Governors 1905), Pres., B. G. Carpenter Co.. 508 S. Main St., and 65 W. Union St.. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. CARPENTER. R. H. (1921), Mgr.. Nash Engr. Co., 350 Madison Ave., New York, and 10 1st St., White Plains, N. Y. CARRIER, Willis H* (1913), (Council 1923). Pres.. Carrier Eng. Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave.. Newark. N. J., and (for mail) Rensselaer Rd., Essex Fells. N. J. ^ CARROLL, John M. (1919), United States Radi ator Corp., 301 Niagara Life Bldg.. Buffalo, and (for mail) P. O. Box 331, Avon, N. Y. CARSTEN, Charles H. (1921). Salesman, The Ohio Plumbers Supply Co., 417 Jackson Ave.. and (foT mail )2421 Hollywood Ave., Toledo, O. CARSTENS, Emil (1922), H. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts., and (for mail) 512 W. Cornwall St., Philadelphia, Pa. ,,, . CARTLAND, Silas (Junior 1923). Engr. and Sales man. Johnson Fan & Blower Co., 115 S. Clinton St.. Chicago. 111., and Box 84, Pentwater, Mich. CARY, Albert A.* (Charter Member). Board of Managers 1894; Council 1896; Board of Man agers 1899), Consulting Engr., 95 Liberty St.. New York, N. Y. CASE, Edward W. (Associate 1916), Vice-Pres. and Secy.. W. A. Case & Son Mfg. Co.. 31 Main St.. Buffalo. N. Y. Mf CASEY, Byron L. (1921). Sales Engr., Ug Electric Vent. Co., 5 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, and 501 Clifton Ave., Park Ridge, 111. CASSELL, Hiram H. (1920), Mech. Engr.. (for mail) Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Mar quette Bldg., and (for mail) 1447 Clairmount Ave., Detroit, Mich. CASSELL, John D.* (1913), Supt. of Bldgs., (for mail) Bd. of Public Education, Keystone School Bldg.. 19th and Chestnut Sts.. Philadelphia. Pa. CAV1LEER, James V. (Associate 1921), Office Mgr., Lewis. Robinson & Gant, 1303 Land Title Bldg., and 2938 N. 27th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. CHALLMAN, Samuel A. (1919), Comm, of School Bldg.. State Dept, of Education. State Capitol, St. Paul, and (for mail) 1107 7th St., S.E.. Minneapolis, Minn. ,, CHAPMAN, D. Witt (1914), Pres., D. W. Chap man Eng. & Supply Co., 1413 Lakeland Ave., Cleveland, and (lor mail) 1230 Jackson Ave.. Lakewood, O. ,,,, CHAPMAN, Frank T. (1909), (Board of Gover nors 1913; Council 1914; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1915:1st CADMUS, Raymond (1922). Engr. and Estima tor, Johnston Heat. Co., 131 E. 26th St., New York, N. Y., and 11 Park Ave.. Maplewood. N. J. CADWELL, William H. (1916), Pres , The Beaton & Cadwell Mfg. Co.. P. O. Box 1012, and 130 W. Main St., New Britain, Conn. CALAHAN, John J. (1905). Supervising Engr., Bd. of Education, Administration Bldg.. 2 Har rison Ave., and 78 Bartholdi Ave.. Jersey City, * N. J. _ CALEB, David (1923), Engr., Kansas City Power & Light Co.. 1330 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo. CALKINS, LonBon D. (Associate 1919), Asst. Mgr.. Kewanee Boiler Co.. 330 W. Washington St., and 6956 Normal Bldg., Chicago. IU. CALLAHAN, Michael J. (1914), Pres, and Treas., Peerless Unit Ventilation Co., 437-39 W. 16th St.. New York. N.Y. ,_ CALVERT, Norman W. (1921), Engr., (for mail) The Detroit Edison Co., 2000 2nd Ave., and 5244 Allendale Ave., Detroit, Mich. CAMPBELL, Everett K. (1920) Pres, and Treas., E. K. Campbell Heat. Co.. 2445 Charlotte St., and 4133 Oak St.. Kansas City, Mo. CANTWELL, William T. (1920). Plbg. and Heat. Contr.. 306 Bleecker St., and 1302 Brinckerhoff Ave.. Utica, N. Y. ' ,_ CAPRON, Edmund F.* (1903), (Board of Gov ernors 1907; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1912, 1913; 1st Vice- Pres. 1914), Secy.-Treas..' (for mail) Lewis & Capron Co.. 910 S. Michigan Ave., and 4442 Malden St., Chicago. 111. Vice-Pres. 1916). 84 Park St.. Montclair, N. J. CHASE, J. D. (1921), Providence Vent. Co., and 262 Doyle Ave., Providence, R. I. CHASE. John M. (Associate 1916). 50 E. 42nd St.. New York. N. Y. CHATTERDON, B. W. (1921). Salesman. Ozone Pure Airifier Co.. 1401 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago. 111., and 8409 Hough Ave.. Cleveland, Ohio. CHENOWETH, William H., Jr. (1911), Dist. Mgr., Warren Webster & Co., 549 W. Wash ington St., Chicago, and 256 Keystone Ave., River Forest, 111. . CHERRY, Lester A. (1921). Industrial Planning Corp., 80 W. Genesee St., and 155 Euclid Ave.. Station H., Buffalo, N. Y. CHERYEN, Victor W. (Associate 1920), Heat. Engr.. (for mail) Holland Furnace Co., and Maple Ave.. Holland, Mich. CHESTER, Thomas* (1917). Mgr., American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., and 2487 Gladstone Ave., Detroit, Mich. _ CHEW, Frank K.* (Associate 1895; 1897). (Board of Governors 1906-1908), Editor and Vice-Pres., Sheet Metal Worker, Edwin A. Scott Publishing Co.. 15 E. 40th St.. New York. N: Y.. and 152 Roseville Ave., Newark. N. J. CHEW, Irving (Associate 1921), Salesman, Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.. 31st and Oxford Sts., Philadelpfiia, Pa., and (for mail) 5 Cedar Ave.. Haddonfield, N. J. CHEYNEY, Charles C. (Junior 1913), Mgr., (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., 562 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, and Glencoe, 111. 365 Roll of Membership CHILD, Earnest T. (1915). Pres., Child & Scott Co., 112 Wooster St.. New York. N. Y.. and 70 Mt. Pleasant Ave- W. Orange, N. J. CHOFFIN, C. C. (1919). Secy, and Treas., W. J. Scholl & Co., Mahoning Ave. and Hogue St., Youngstown, O. CHRISTIAN, Charles W. (1913), Mgr., Heat Dept., (for mail) Grinnell Co., Inc., N. Charlotte, and Myers Park, Charlotte, N. C. CHUBB, John E. (Associate 1917), Sales Engr., Whitlock Coil Pipe Co.. 343 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, and 806 Colfax St., Evanston, III. CHURCH, Herbert John (1922), Mgr., Darling Bros., Ltd., 77 York St., Toronto, and Weston, Ont. - CLAFFEY, Edward J. (1913), Pres., E. J. Claffey Co.. 10 W. Illinois St., and 439 Melrose St., Chicago, III. CLARK, Homer J. (1919). Dist. Mgr., (for mail) B. F. Sturtevant Co., 436 Guardian Bldg., Cleveland. O. CLARK, E. Harold (1922), American Blower Co., Sales Mgr., 1450 David Whitney Bldg., and 475 Peterboro, Detroit, Mich. CLARK, Robert L. (Associate 1918), Mgr., The Clark-Fisher Co., 1893 E. 55th St., and 13521 Casper Rd., Cleveland, O. CLARK, William C. (1918), Secy., Becker-Seidel Co., 324 Prospect Ave., N.W., and 1317 E. 10th St.. Cleveland, O. . CLARK, W. Chas. M. (1915), Consulting Engr., 825-827 Engineers' Bldg., Cleveland, O. CLARK, William D. (1908), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Richardson & Boynton Co., 260 5th Ave., New York, and (for mail) 8613 110th St.-, Rich mond Hill, N. Y. CLARK, W. H. (1921), Anchor Sanitary Co.. 123 3rd Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. CLARKE, Samuel S. (1909), Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Dominion Radiator Co., and Canadian Sirocco Co., 605 2nd St., W., and 603 2nd St., W., Calgary, Albefta. CLARKSON, Robt. C., Jr. (1921), Asst. Engr., Turner Construction Co., 1713 Sansom St., and (for mail) The Clermont, 44th and Walnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. CLARKSON, William B. (1919), Director of Re search, King Vent. Co., and (for mail) 251 Broad way, Owatonna, Minn. CLEGG, Carl (1922), Mgr., American BlowerCo., 310 Mutual Bldg., and 1004 Armour Blvd., Kansas City. Mo. CLIFTON, William A. (1919), Heat. Engr., State Dept, of Architecture. Albany, and (for mail) Round Lake. N. Y. CLINE. Edgar A. (1914), Secy., General Heat. Supply Co., R. 1, Reliance Bldg., and 4239 Forest Ave., Kansas City, Mo. CLISE, Floyd W. (Associate 1920), Sales Engr., (for mail) Johns-Manville, Inc., 325 Jefferson Ave., W., and 1190 Ashland Ave., Detroit, Mich. CLOUGH, Leslie (1922), Engr., H. P. & E. S. Stubbs, 9 Ash St., Boston, and 63A Mt. Auburn St., Watertown. Mass. COCHRAN, Moncrieff M. (1908), Pres., Cochran- Sargent Co., 5th and Sibley Sts., and 400 Holly Ave.. St. Paul, Minn. COCKBURN, LeslieS. (1920), Asst. Works Engr., (for mail) Fisher Body Corp.. General Motors Bldg., Detroit, and Trenton, Mich. COE, Ivan B. (1918), Mgr., Secy, and Treas., Blower Systems Corp., 414 Orchard St., and 122 Penhurst Ave., Rochester, N. Y. COE, Ralph T. (1917), (for mail) The R. T. Coe Companies, 5th floor. Cutler Bldg., and 235 Chili Ave.. Rochester, N. Y. COFFEY, John B. (Associate 1919), Plbg. and Heat. Contr., John B. Coffey & Brother. 1853 Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich. . COFFIN, Robert K. (1921), Mgr., Southern Equipment Co., P. O. Box 296, and 524 Central Ave., Laurel, Miss. COHAGEN, Chandler C. (1919).. Archt., (for : mail) Box 1305, 508 Elec. Bldg., and 127 Wyom ing Ave., Billings, Mont. COLBY, Clyde W. (1915), Pres., The Colby-Mer- rill .Co*. 706 Rose Bldg., Cleveland. O. COLEMAN, John B. (1920). Ch. Engr., (for mail) Grinnell Co., Inc., 260 W. Exchange St., and 152 Taber Ave., Providence, R. I. COLLAMORE, Ralph (1904), (Board of Gover nors 1913), Secy., Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg., and (for mail) 679 Pingree Ave., Detroit. Mich. COLLIER, William I. (1921), Consulting Engr., W. I. Collier & Co., 15 E. Fayette St.. Baltimore, and EUicott City. Md. COLLINS, Howard F. (1919), Mgr., Reading Heat. & Vent. Co., 331 Calls Co., and 1503 N. 14th St., Reading, Pa. CONES, Benjamin (1911). (for mail) Secy, and Treas., National Eng. Co., 1119 Peoples Bank Bldg., and 420 N. Keystone Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. CONNELL, Harry E. (1922), Mgr.. U. S. Radiator Corp., 136 Federal St., Boston, and (for mail) 60 Randolph St., Arlington, Mass. CONNELL, Richard F. (1916), Heat. Engr., U. S. Radiator Corp., Broadway and Grand River Ave., and (for mail) 4659 Pacific Ave., Detroit. Mich. CONNOR, Charles J. (Junior 1920), Heat. Engr., C. J. Connor & Co., 1209 Harrison Bldg., Phila delphia. Pa. CONNOR, Michael (Associate 1922), Mgr., Con nor Bros., Plbg. & Heat. Co., 827 2nd Ave., S-, and 1222 Knox Ave., N., Minneapolis. Minn. COOGAN, Jesse (1915), (for mail) Jesse Coogan Eng. Co.. 1108 Boston Bldg., and Commercial Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. COOK, Benjamin F. (1920). Designing Engr., 409 Interstate Bldg.. Kansas City, and (for mail) Route 6, Box 452, Independence, Mo. COOK, Chester D. (1921), Contr., D. F. Edwards Heat. Co., (for mail) 2340 Pine St., and 4923 Magnolia Ave., St. Louis, Mo. . COOLEY, Maxwell S.* (1911), Bureau of Yards and Docks, Navy Dept., Washington. D. C., and 5 E. Irving St., Chevy Chase. Md. COON, Thurlow E. (1916), Pres., The Coon- DeVisser Co., 1772 W. Lafayette Blvd., and (for mail) 826 Edison Ave., Detroit, Mich. COOPER, Frank I. (1911). (Council 1914-1916), Pres.. Frank Irving Cooper Corp., Archts. and Engrs., 172 Tremont St., Boston, and Concord Rd., Wayland, Mass. . COOPER, John W. (Junior 1921), Repr.. Buffalo Forge Co., 515 Chemical Bldg., and 4305 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. COOPER, Michael A. (1920), Mgr., Heat. Dept.. Mamin & Co.. 624 Baronne St., and 2535 Gen. Pershing St., New Orleans. La. . COOPER, Thomas Winston (Associate 1922), Mgr., Utica Heater Co., 1712 Ludlow St., and . 1918 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia, Pa. CORBETT, Melvin C. (1922), Eng. Dept.. Standard Heater Co-, and (for mail) P. O. Box 280. Williamsport, Pa. CORNWALL, George T. (1919), Mgr., Boiler Dept., Hitchings & Co., Cor. Spring and Louisa Sts., and 633 Madison Ave., Elizabeth.-N. J. COSGROVE, Wallace M. (1923), Br. Mgr.. American Radiator Co., 104 W. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. COWAN, Robt. A. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. (for mail) 701 Rose Bldg., and 8110 Carnegie Ave., Cleveland. O. COWARD, Herbert (1921), Mgr., Washington, D. C. Office. Buffalo Forge Co., 501 Washington Loan and Trust Bldg., Washington, D. C- and West Falls Church. Va. COWELL, Robert J. (1922), Gordon & Co.. Ltd.. 110 Szechuen Rd., Shanghai. China. COWLES, Benjamin E. (1919), Engr., (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co.. 824 S. 4th St., and 1110 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. COX, Christopher J. (1919), (for mail) C. J. Cox, Eng. Co.. 28 Union St., Boston, and 1412 Com monwealth Ave., Brookline, Mass. GRAIG, F. Broadhurst (1922), Dilworth & Carr, Ltd., Albion House, 5961 N. Oxford St.. London. W. C. I., England. 366 Roll of Membership CRAIGHEAD, Edward W. (Associate 1920), Heat. Engr.. (for mail) A. D. Dennison Co., 2036 E. 105th St., and 1197 Brockley Ave., Cleveland, O. CRANNELL, Chas. A. (1922). Secy-Treas., Cran- nell-Beaton Co., 210 Hammond Bldg., and 1011 Park Place, Hammond, Ind. CRAWFORD, W. B. (1921), Consulting Engr.. 1753 Conway Bldg., and 1516 N. Mayfield Ave., N. Austin, Chicago, 111. CRIQUI, Albert A.* (1919), Heat.. Vent, and Fan Engr., Buffalo Forge Co.. 490 Broadway, and (for mail) 250 Blaine Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. CRISWELL, George A., 2nd (Junior 1920), Esti mator. (for mail) Wayne Plbg. & Heat. Co., Wayne, Delaware Co., Pa., and 27 Locust St., Lockport, N. Y. CROCKER, Robt. B. (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Heat. Mgr.. Mfrs. Nat'l Bank Bldg., Lynn, and (for mail) 104 Sycamore St., Waverly, Mass. CRONE, Chas. E. (1922). Sales Engr.. Mehring and Hanson Co., (for mail) 118-120 N. Franklin St., and 5432 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago. 111. CRONE, Thomas E. (1920), Dist. Mgr., Clarence . O. Baring, Inc., 34 Park Place, R. 11, Newark, . and (for mail) 595 William St., E. Orange, N. J. CRUTCHLEY, Edward, Jr. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. 1507 Avenue O, Brooklyn, N. Y. CULBERT. Warren G. (Associate 1911), (for mail) 1503 Sansom St., Philadelphia, and Ridley DAVENPORT, Edwin (1916). Heat, and Vent. Engr., American Warming & Vent. Co., and 656 Reynolds St.. Elmira, N. Y. DAVIDSON, Philip L. (Junior 1921). Sales Engr., Carrier Eng. Corp., 176 Federal St., Boston, Mass. , DAVIES, George W. (1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr., G. W. Davies & Co.. 79 McLaggan St., Dunedin. New Zealand. . ,. DAVIS, Arthur C. (1920). Mech. Engr., New York & New Jersey Bridge & Tunnel Commission, Hall of Records, Room 614. New York, and (for mail) 27 Argyle Rd.. Brooklyn. N. Y. . ,, DAVIS, Bert C. (1904). Pres, and Treas.. (for mail) American Warming & Vent. Co.. 317 Pennsylvania Ave., and 603 W. Church St., Elmira. N. Y. _ . DAVIS, C. E. (Associate 1917). Mgr., C. E. Davis & Sons Heat. & Plbg. Co.. Atchison. Kans. DAVIS, Frank R. (1920), Heat. & Vent. Engr., Room 1000. 12th St. Station, Illinois Central Railroad. Chicago, 111. , DAVIS, Holyoke (1919). (for mail) Holyoke. Jemne & Davis, Archts- 649 Endicott Bldg., and 591 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul. Minn. DAVIS, James H. (1899). (Board of Governors 1911), 816 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago. 111. DAVIS, Leo J. (1917), Supt., (for mail) John J. Davis & Sons. Inc.. 2728 Baker St., Detroit, and Philbrick Ave.. Redford. Mich. DAVrS, P. Lloyd (1912). Pres, and Treas.. Davjs- Billings Corp.. 92-20 150th St., and (for mail) CULLEN, Harry J. (1923). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Warren & Wetmore. 16 E. 47th St.,. New York, and (for mail) 15 Seutt Place, Jamaica, N. Y. CULLYFORD, Francis S. (1915). Pres, and Mgr., (for mail) Cullyford Plbg. & Heat. Co., 1210 Cali fornia'St., and 517 Josephine St., Denver, Col. CUMMINGS, Gerald J. (1923), Pres., Minnesota Mech. Equipt. Co.. Farmers' Bank Bldg., and 913 10th Ave., S.. St. Cloud, Minn. CUMMINS, George H. (1919), Sales Engr., (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co., 501 S. 6th St., and 2300 Girard Ave., S., Apt. 8, Minneapolis, Minn. CURRIER, Charles H. (1919), Vice-Pres- (for mail) Drying System, Inc., 11 S. Des Plaines St., Chicago, and 807 Monticello St., Evanston, 111. CUSTER, Allen E. (1921), Heat. Engr., C. W. Richards Co., 5-9 W. Commerce St., Bridgeton, N. J. CUTLER, Joseph A. (1916), (Council 1920-1923), Mgr., Johnson Service Co., 177 N. Dearborn St., and Drake Hotel, Chicago, Ul. CUTTER, Edward H. (Associate 1923), Special Distributor. Hoffman Steam Specialties, 139 N. Wells St., Chicago, 111. CUYLER, David H. (1917), Heat. Engr., Haines, Jones & Cadbury Co., P. O. Box 1282, Charlotte, N. C. 148-15 Hillside Ave., Jamaica, L. I., N. Y. DAVIS, Rowland G. (1921), Salesman, Spohn Heat. & Vent. Co.. 1775 E. 45th St., and 16800 Endora Rd., Cleveland. O. DECKER, Edward M. (Associate 1917) Salesman, (for mail) American Radiator Co., 400 Barium Bldg., and 197 Rhode Island Ave.. Detroit, Mich. DECKMAN, Elmer M. (1921), Pres.. Deckman Power Heat. Co.. 2215 Woodlynne Ave.. Wood- lynne. N. J. _ DEEX, Charles J. (1920), Secy., (for mail) Mouat- Vapor Heat. Co.. 1246 W. 4th St.. Cleveland, and 4364 Riverside Drive. W. Park. U. DEGAN, James E. (Associate 1916), Pres., (for mail) James E. Degan Co., 242-4 Lamed St., W., and 2428 Baline Ave., Detroit. Mich. DeGROOT, Leslie P. (1919), Br. Mgr.. Bishop & Babcock Co., 418 Crozer Bldg., and (for mail) 4622 Hazel Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. DeKRAKER, Russel E. (Junior 1920), Dist. Mgr., (for mail) Taplin Furnace Co., 307 Bridge St and 215 W. Spruce St- Chippewa Falls, Wis. DeLONG, Harry B. (1915), H. B. DeLong Co- W. 409 1st Ave- and E. 231-24th Ave-Spokane.Wash. DEMPSEY, Harry P. (1919). Consulting Mech. Engr., 34 Delaware Court, 232 Delaware Ave.-, Buffalo, and 394 Pleasant Ave- Hamburg, N.Y.- DeNEILLE, J. Lawrence (1920). Contrg. Engr., D (for mail) Eichler Heat; Co- 2011 Railway Ex change Bldg- and 5463 Delmar Ave- Apt. 222-B, DAILEY, James A. (Associate 1920), Heat. Contr., 374 W. Main St., and (for mail) 88H Charlotte St., Rochester, N. Y. DALY, John H. (1915), (Secy., Colorado Chap ter), Pres, and Mgr., Daly Co., 230 15th St., and (for mail) Denver Athletic Club. Denver, Col. DAMBLY. A. Ernest (Junior 1921). Asst. H. B. Hackett, 505 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, and. 4615 Wayne Ave., Germantown, Pa. DAME, Clement T. (1920), (for mail) M. A. Dame & Son Co., 27 Haymarket Sq., Boston, and 175 Ocean St., Lynn, Mass. DANFORTH, N. Loring (1919). Pres.. John W. Danforth Co., 72 Ellicott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. DARTS, John A. (1919), Sales Mgr., (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co., Jnc., 47 W. 42nd St., and 272 Manhattan Ave., New York. N. Y. DAUCH, Emil O. (1921), Detroit Repr., Continen tal Heater Corp., and Marsh Valve Co., 513 Congress Bldg.', and (for mail) 81 Montana Ave., W., Detroit, Mich. '' - DAUGHERTY, Fred M. (1919), Contrg. Engr., Grinnell Co., Inc., 407 Society for Savings Bldg., Cleveland, O. ' St. Louis, Mo. DENSON, Walter (1922), 19 E. llth St- and 2205 St. Elmo Drive, Columbus, Ga. DENSMORE, Edward D. (1906), Consulting Engr- Densmore & LeClear, 88 Broad St- Boston, Mass. DERANLEAU, Raymond L. (Junior 1922) 914-18 Central Savings Bank Bldg- Denver, Col. DEVENDORF, William F. (1910), Secy, and Treas-The Boiler & Rad. Corp- 154 East Ave., 409 Lafayette Bldg- Buffalo, and 33 Audubon St- Rochester, N. Y.' '. DEVEREUX, Leslie W. (Associate 1922), Met. Repr- Utica Heater Co- Room 5620 Grand Central Terminal, New York, and 421 W. 114th St., New. York, N. Y. DEVORE, Milton J. (1920), Heat. Engr., 54 Adelina PI- N. Bergen, N. J. DEWAR, John G; (1920), Dewar & Carrington, 153 N. Des Plaines St- Chicago, 111. DeWOLF, Roger D. (1915), Ch. Operating Engr- (for mail) Rochester Gas and Electric Corp. ,34 Clinton Ave- N- and 15 Werner Park, Rochester, N. Y. ' 367 Roll of Membership DEY, Charles (Associate 1918). 1723 Ludlow St., DONNELLY, John R. (1915), 905 Congress Ave.. Philadelphia, and (for mail) 6327 Race St.. Phila Austin, Texas. delphia, Pa. . DONNELLY, Webster C. (Junior 1922), Repr.. DIBBLE, Albert B. (Associate 1922), Pres, and Donnelly Systems Co., 34 Trumbull St.. New Mgr., S. E. Dibble & Son., Inc., 637 Grand Ave- ' Haven, Conn. P. O. Box 299X, and 869 Elm St., New Haven., DORNHEIM, G. A. (Junior 1906; 1912), Thomp- Conn. son-Starrett Co., 245 Hunters Point Ave., Long DIBBLE, Samuel E. (1917), (Council 1921-1923. Island City, and (for mail) 715 W. 172nd St., 2nd Vice:Pres. 1922), Consulting Engr. & Prof. New York. N. Y. Heat. & Vent. Depts., Carnegie Institute of DORSEY, Francis C. (1920). Heat., Plbg. and Technology, and 3307 Parkview Ave., Pitts Elect. Contr.. Francis C. Dorsey, 110 Prospect burgh. Pa. Ave.. Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. DICKEY, Arthur J. (1921), Vice-Pres. and Gen. DOUD, Malcolm P. (Associate 1921), Estimator Mgr., (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd., 1523 and Salesman, Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos 41 Davenport Rd- and 93 Indian Rd., Toronto, Co., and (for mail) 842 Smith St., Norristown, Pa. Ont. . DOUGHERTY, P. J.* (Associate 1912; 1918), In DICKINSON, Hobart C. (1919), Ch. Div. Heat, ternational Heater Co.. Utica, N. Y. and Thermometry Bureau of Standards, and DOUGHTY, Charles J. (1920). Supt. of Main: 4629 30th St.. N.W.. Washing* ; D. C. tenance. Bd. of Education, 155 College St., and DICKSON, George P. (1919), ( jr mail) Pres., (for mail) 44 Erindale Ave., Toronto, Ont. Kansas City Vent. & Sheet Metal Works., 1817 DOUGLASS, Thomas C. (1922). Thos. J. Doug Grove St., and 3830 Park Ave., Kansas City, Mo. lass & Co.. 352 Whiting St., Chicago. 111. DICKSON, Robert B. (1919), Sales Mgr., Ke- DOWNE, Henry S. (1895), Administrator Com- wanee Boiler Co., and 409 E. Prospect St., pagnie Nationale Des Radiateurs, 149 Blvd. Kewanee, 111. Haussman, Paris. France. DIEBOLD, Chas. M. L. (1923). San. Inspt- DOWNES, Nate W. (1917). Engr.. School Dist. of Dept, of Health, 704 City Hall, and (for mail) Kansas City, 219 Library Bldg., and 1209 E. 3454 Beach Ave., Chicago, III. 45th St., Kansas City. Mo. DIEBOLT, Norman J. (Associate 1922), Secy., DOWNEY, Frank E. (1921). Pres.. 613 Clybourn Diebolt & Sons, 11313 Woodward Ave., Detroit, St., and 502 Bclleview PL, Milwaukee. Wis. Mich. DOWNS, Edwin L. (1916), United States Radiator DIETHER, Carl F. (Associate 1919), Mgr,, Hart & Corp., 135 E. Grand River, and (for mail) 10334 Crouse Co.. 909 Swetland Bldg., and 2124 Still 2nd Blvd., Detroit, Mich. man Rd.. Cleveland, O. DOYLE, Christopher J. (Associate 1922), Heat.. DIGBY, Homer Evans (Junior 1922), Salesman, Contr., (for mail) S.E. 21st and Pine Sts.. Phila C. A. Dunham Co., 910 May Bldg., and 220 delphia. Pa. Meridan St., Pittsburgh, Pa. DOYLE, William J. (1920), Designing Engr., Wil DILL, H. O. (Associate 1922), Gen. Sales Mgr., liamson Heater Co., and (for mail) 1020 Del- Oil City Boiler Works, 501 5th Ave., and 243 monte PL, Cincinnati. O. Mt. Hope PI., New York, N. Y. DRAKE, George H. (1919), (for mail) 218 Lexing DILL, Jay B. (1921), (Secy. Michigan Chapter), ton Ave., ana 353 Norwood Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. Sales Mgr., (for mail) American Blower Co., DRIGGS, Leland L. (1918), Heat. Engr., Edward 1450 David Whitney Bldg., and 8771 Dexter P. Bates Co., Inc., 228 W. Water St., and (for Btvd., Detroit, Mich. ' mail) 167 W. Lafayette Ave., Syracuse, N. Y. DILLMAN, Earnest J. (1921), Engr., Research DRINKER, Philip (1922), Instructor in App. Dept., American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Physiology, (for mail) Harvard Medical School, Ave., and 1349 Hertel Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y. -Boston, Mass., and 369 Cabot St., Newtonville. DISTEL, Frank, Jr. (1918), Distei Heat. Equipt. Mass. Co.. 515 Oakland Bldg., and 1011 Genessee St., DRINKWATER, Edgar L- (1919), Mech. Engr., W., Lansing, Mich. E. J. Claffey Co.. 10 W. Illinois St., and 147 N. DIX, Henry N., Jr. (1920). Advisory Engr. Adv. Long Ave., Chicago, HI. Dept., (for mail) American Radiator Co., 1807 DRISCOLL. William H.* (1904). (Council 1918 Elmwood Ave., and 61 Sterling Ave., Buffalo, 1921, 1922, Treas. 1923), Vice-Pres., (for mail) N. Y. Thompson-Starrett Co.. 245 Hunters Point Ave., DOBBS, C. F. (Associate 1921), Boiler & Radiator Long Island City, N. Y., and 23 Boyd Ave., Jer Supply Co., 110 Walnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa., sey City, N. J. and 72 Berlin Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. DRUCE, John J. (1922), Vice-Pres. and Mgr.1. DOBSON, George Gardner (1922), Mech. Engr., McKelvey & Birch, Ltd., 69 Brock St., and (for (for mail) Eastman Kodak Co., Kodak Park, and mail) 770 Montreal St., Kingston, Ont. 200 Oriole St., Rochester, N. Y. DUDFIELD, Alvin (1920). Pres., Dudfield Mfg. DODD, Samuel M. (1921), Consulting' Engr., Co.. Sheet Metal & Furnace Work, 116 W. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co., Room 203 Kansas St.. Liberty, Mo. Fuller Bldg., 10 S. 18th St., Philadelphia, and DUDLEY, Wm. Lyle (1922), Vice-Pres.. Western Swarthmore, Pa. Blower Co., 1800 9th Ave., S- and 2221 2nd Ave., DODDS, Forrest F. (1920), Asst, to Mgr., (for W., Seattle. Wash. mail) American Radiator Co., 905 Davidson DUFF, Kennedy (1915), Mgr., (for mail) Johnson Bldg., and 3130 Central St., Kansas City, Mo. Service Co.. 118 E. 28th St.. New York. N. Y., DOERING, Frank L. (1919), Repr., American and 9 Park Ave., Maplewood, N. J. Radiator Co.. 451 Rivermont Ave., Lynchburg, DUFTY, Arthur (1919), Mech. Engr.. Oberlin Va. College, Oberlin, O. . DOHERTY, James (1917), Vice-Pres.. (for mail) DUGAN, Thomas M. (1920). Master Plumber. Utica Heater Co., 218 W. Kinzie St., and 1262 National Tube Co.. 4th Ave. and Locust St., Pratt Blvd., Chicago, 111. McKeesport, and 311 Washington Ave., Dravos- DOHERTY, John J. (1921), (for mail) P. C. burg. Pa. . Doherty Co., 112 Main St., and 26 Corlies Ave., DUNCAN, George M. (1922), Purdy. Mansell. Poughkeepsie. N. Y. Ltd., 63 Albert St.. Toronto, Ont. DOLAN, Raymond G. (Junior 1922), Secy., DUNHAM. Clayton A. (1911), Pres.. C. A.. Dun and Treas., (for mail) Tom Dolan Heat. Co., ham Co.. 230 E. Ohio ^t-and (for mail) Box 94, Inc., 711 N. Dewey St., and 2112 W. 20th St., Union League Club. Chicago, 111. Oklahoma City, Okla. DUNLAP, Ralph L. (1917), Ch. Engr. and Gen. DOME, Walter R. (1920), Salesman, Abram Cox Supt., J. H. Kitchen & Go., Delmain Bldg., and Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., and (for (for mail) 3924 Euclid Ave.. Kansas City, Mo. mail) 156 W. Hansbury St., Philadelphia, Pa. ' DURAND, William L.* (1921),"(Pres- New York DONNELLY, James A * (1904), (Treasurer 1912 Chapter), Engr., Clark, McMullen & Riley; T01 1914), Donnelly Systems Co., 9 Murray St., New Park Ave., New York, and 242 Lafayette-Ave., York. N. Y. Brooklyn. N. Y. ......... , < 368 Roll of Membership DUSOSSOIT, Edmond A. (1920), (Secy.. Mas sachusetts Chapter), Treas., (for mall) Lynch & Woodward, Inc., 202 Harrison Ave., Boston, and 957 South St., Roslindale. Mass. DWYER, Frank A. (1902). 447 Guy Park Ave.. Amsterdam, N. Y. ,, DWYER, Jas. P,, Jr. (Junior 1915; 1919). Con sulting Engr., Little Bldg., 80 Boylston St.. Boston, Mass. ._ DWYER, John Vincent (Associate1922). U- S. Radiator Corp., Dime Bank Bldg., Detroit, Mich. ,, DWYER, Thos. F. (1923). Bd. of Education. Con cord St. and Flatbush Ave., Brooklyn, and (for mail) 338 E. 134th St., New York. N. Y. ,, . DYER, Orville K. (1919), Sales Engr.. Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y. ELLIOTT, A. Douglass (1918), Elec, and Heat. Engr.. (for mail) Charles L. Pillsbury Co.. 1200 2nd Ave.. S.. Minneapolis, and 1710 Capitol Ave., St. Paul, Minn. ELLIS, Earnest E. (1922). Mgr., Fred A. Ellis & Son. 840 Center St., and 998 Chatfield St., Winnetka, III. . ELLIS, Frederic R. (1913). Mgr. Heat. & Vent. Depts., B. F. Sturtevant Co., and 131 Beacon St., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. ELLIS, Harry W. (Associate 1909; 1923). Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Johnson Service Co., 149 Michi gan St., Milwaukee. Wis. ELLIS, John Edwin (Associate 1921), (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 1412 W. 12th St., and 3030 Oak St.. Kansas City. Mo. ELLIS, Walter C. (Associate 1923). Mech. Engr., H. L. Stevens & Co.. 30 N. Michigan Ave.. Chicaga;oand 105 S. Kensington Ave.. La EADIE, John G. (1909), Consulting Engr., Eadie,. Freund & Campbell. 7 W. 45th St.. New York, N. Y. EAGAN. George A. (1917). Pres., (for mail) Eagan & Beahm, Inc., 304-306 Stephen Girard Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 17 Newton Ave.. Woodbury. N. J. EAGAR, Robert Francis (1922). Engr., Eagar, Coombs & Co.. Ltd., 138 Lower Water St.. Hali fax and Bedford, Halifax. Co., Nova Scotia. EASTER. Terrill J. (Associate 1919). Pres..and Treas.. (for mail) Automatic Gas-Steam Radiator Co.. Fulton Bldg., and 312 S. St. Clair St.. Pitts burgh, Pa. ,,. EASTERBROOKS, Clifton C. (1922). Sales Engr., Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cortlandt St., and 2735 Sedgewtck Ave., New York. N. Y. EASTWOOD, Everett Owen (1921), Prof., (for . mail) Univ. of Washington, and 4702 12th Ave.. N.E- Seattle, Wash. EATON, Byron K. (Associate 1919. 1920). Ch. Engr., Winslow Boiler & Eng. Co... 1^9 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, and (for mail) 528 S. Grove Ave.. Oak Park, 111. EBERT, William A. (1920). Engr. and Estimator, (for mail) A. H. Shafer. P. O. Box 1280. and 1004 Drexel Ave.. San Antonio, Texas. ECKART, Claude H. (1915). Secy.-Treas.. Eckart Plbg. & Heat. Co.. 320 Westlake Ave.. N- Seattle, and Endolyne. Wash. EDDY, Ernest J. (Associate 1919), Br. Mgr.. Keasbey & Mattison Co.. 17 Terrace, and 175 Dorchester Rd.. Buffalo. N. Y. . EDELSTON, Samuel H. (Junior 1922), Estima tor, W. L. Fleisher & Co.. Inc.. 31 Union Sq.. W- New York, and 330 S. 12th St., Newark. N. J. EDGAR, A. C. (Charter Member), (Council 1920). (for mail) Edgar Heat. Co.. 1802 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, and Newton Sq., Delaware County, Pa. _ _. . EDWARDS, Daniel F. (1920), D. F. Edwards Heat. Co.. 2340-42 Pine St., and 3000 Victor St., St. Louis. Mo. EDWARDS, Paul A. (1919). Engr. and Estimator. The G. F. Higgins Co.. 606 Wabash Bldg., and 1260 Mississippi Ave., S. Hills P.. O., Pitts burgh, Pa. __ EGGLESTON; Lewis W. (1921). Mgr.. I. T. R. Specialties Dept., (for mail) American Radiator Co.. 1807 Elmwood Ave.. and 57 Tillinghast PL. ELLISON,1 J. H&yler (1919), Secy., Ellison & Co lne.. 211 W. 126th St., New York, and (for mail) 41 Wallace St., Freeport. N. Y. EMERSON, Ralph R. (1922), Sales Engr.. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co.. 512 5th Ave., New York, and 660 59th St.. Brooklyn. N. Y. EMMERT, Luther D. (1919), Repr.. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co.. 562 W. Washington Blvd.. Chicago, and 1704 Hinman Ave., Evanston. 111. EMPKEY. George J. (1919), Secy.. The Schneider Plbg. Co.. 4420 Euclid Ave., and 9812 N. Blvd.. Cleveland, O. . ,' EMSWILER, John E.* (1917). Prof, of Mech. Eng.. Univ. of Mich.. 231 Eng. Bldg., Ann Arbor. ENGLE, Alfred (Associate 1923), Salesman. Jenkins Bros., 80 White St.. New York, N. Y. ENSIGN, Ralph M. (1917), Pres., R. M. Ensign Co.. 1704-64 W. Randolph St., and (for mail) 1062 Ainslie St., Chicago, 111. . ERICKSON, Harry A. (1917). Mgr. and Engr.. Fitzpatrick & Hoefpner Co.. 63 E. Gay St., and 243 E. Gay St.. Columbus. O. ERTMAN,-Bernard R. (1920), Heat. Engr. and Mgr., A. F. Ertman, 309 N. Main St.. Herkimer. N. Y. EVANS. C. A. (1919). 218 Lexington Ave.. Buf falo. N. Y. EVANS, Charles E. (1919). Sales Engr.. Gallaher & Speck. 219 W. Congress St., and 3834 Roscoe St.. Chicago. III. EVANS, Edwin C. (1919). Mgr., (for mail) American Blower Co.. 2136 Oliver Bldg., and 2793 a Bergman St.. Corless Station. Pittsburgh, Pa EVANS, John (1919), Archt., 30 Water St., and 15 Ball Ave., Galt. Ont. . ., ^ EVANS, Raymond Stanly (Junior 1920), Expen- mental Engr., (for mail) 3288 Washington Blvd.. Chicago. 111. ` EVANS, William A. (1918). Mgr., (for mail) Whitlock Coil Pipe Co.. 149 Broadway. New York. N, Y., and 24 Woodland Rd., Maplewood. N. J. EVELETH, Charles F.* (1911). Ch. Engr.. Heat, and Vent.. Warren Webster & Co., Pearl and Point Sts., Camden, N. J. EWING, Ira C. (Associate 1920), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., (for mail) Heat. Supply Co.. 34 E. Lacock St., Pittsburgh, and 511 Jeannette St., Wilkins- burg. Pa. Buffalo. N. Y. _ EHRLICH. M. William (1916), Br. Mgr.. Trane Co.. R. 2332 Park Row Bldg., 15 Park Row, New York, N. Y.. and (for mail) 56 Ridge Rd.. Lyndhurst, N. J. .' , EICHER, HuBert C. (1922). Director, Bureau of School Bldgs., Dept, of Public Instruction. State Capitol, and (for mail) 103 South St.. Harrisburg. Pa EICHLER. Alvin (1919). Heat. Contr.. (for mail) Eichler Heating Co.. 2011 Railway Exchange Bldg., and 5449 Enright Aver. St. Louis, Mo. EISERT, Hermann* (1920). Consulting Engr., 11 E. Lexington St., and 4007 Bateman Ave.. Baltimore, Md. FALVEY, John Daniel (1922), Sales Engr., (for mail) Hester-Bradley Co., 4200 Forest Park Blvd., and 1286 Goodfellow Ave., St. Louis. Mo,.. FARLEY, J. W. (Associate 1921), Mgr.. Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co.. 3748 E. 71st St., Cleve land, O. FARNHAM, George D. (1907), Geo. D. Farnham & Co- 1630 Lakeland Ave- Cleveland. O. FARNHAM, Roswell (1920). (Secy. Western New York Chapter), Dist. Sales Engr- (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 490 Broadway, and 28 St. James Pl- Buffalo, N. Y. ' 369 Roll of Membership FARNSWORTH, F. C. (1919). Pres.. Farnsworth FOOTE, Moses L. (1909). 705 Rose Bldg., and Co., Conshohocken; and Germantown Pike and : 2225 Cummington Rd., Cleveland, O. Centre Sq. Rd., Norristown. Pa. - ' FORD, J. A. (1921), Heat. Engr.. (for mail) LofUs FARRAR, Cecil W. (Associate 1918; 1920). (Pres. Plbg. Co., 42 Luckie St., and 17 W. Cain St., Western New York Chapter). Vice-Pres.. Excelso Atlanta, Ga. . '' Specialty Works, Inc., 119 Clinton St., and 429, FORFAR, Donald M. (1917), Mech. Engr., (for Norwood Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. mail)'Croft & Boerner, Inc., Archts. & Engrs., FEBREY, Ernest J.*(l903), Heat. Contr.. E. J. 1006 Marquette Aye., and 3140 Bryant Ave., Febrey & Co., 622 F St., N.W., Washington. S., Minneapolis, Minn. D. C. ............ FEHLIG, John B. (1918), Pres, and Treas., (for FORGAN, Donald M. (Associate'1923), Mgr., American Radiator Co.. 4201 Duncan Ave., and mail) Excelsior Heat. Supply Co.. 628 Delaware N. Denny Rd., St. Louis, Mo. St., and 2927 Brooklyn Ave.. Kansas City. Mo. FORGEE. Frederick A. (1919), Consulting Engr., FEIGE, Henry W. (1922). Sales Mgr., Powers 141 E. 29th St., New York, N. Y., and Ridge Regulator Co., 1206 Colonial Trust Bldg., Phila wood, N. J. delphia. Pa., and Oaklyn. N. J. FORSBERG, William (1919), (for mail) Hopson FELDMAN, Abram M.* (1903), Consulting Engr., 6 Chapin Mfg. Co.. 231 State St., and 21 145 W. 45th St., New York, N. Y. Brainard St., New London, Conn. FELS, Arthur B. (1919), Pres.. The Fels Co.. 60 FOSTER, Charles (1923). Consulting Engr., 512 Union St., Portland, and Box 33. Yarmouth. Me. Sellwood Bldg., and 2418 E. 3rd St.. Duluth, FELTWELL, Robert Hall (1922). Heat. Engr.. Minn. __ D. & T. Mfg. Co., and (for mail) 1040 S- Frazier FOSTER, James M. (Associate 1920). Dist. Mgr., St.. Philadelphia. Pa. . s (for mail) Ilg Electric Ventilating Co., 1420 FENSTERMAKER, Sidney E. (1909). Weinshank Syndicate Trust Bldg., and 7021 Lindell Blvd., Sl Fenstermaker, 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg., and ' St. Louis. Mo. . 3102 Washington Blvd., Indianapolis, Ind. FOSTER, William M. (Associate 1914). Liggett- FERREIRA. Frank F. (1920). Pres., Victor Piping Doll-Foster Co.. 16508 Woodward Ave.. High Co., 1830 Calumet Ave., and 6747 Chappel Ave., : land Park. Mich. Chicago, 111. ,_ FERRIS, Donald M. (1921), 19 S. Oxford St.. FOUILHOUX, J. Andre (1915), Archt. and Con sulting Engr., R. M. Hood and J; A. Fouilhoux, Brooklyn, N. Y:' 7 W. 42nd St.. New York. N. Y., and (for mail) FERRIS, Thomas J. (1919). Mgr. Heat, and Vent. West Rd., Short Hills, N. J. ' Depts.. F. E. Newberg Elec. Co.. Century Bldg., FOULDS, Powys A. L. (1916). Hollis French and and (for mail) 4257 Westminster PI., St. Louis, Mo. Allen Hubbard. 210 South St.. Boston, and (for FEST, Leon T. (1919). Salesman. Pierce, Butler & mail) 33 Dakota Rd.. Dorchester. Mass. Pierce Mfg. Corp., 31st and Oxford Sts., and (for FRANCIS, Isaac Hathaway (1907), Consulting mail) 4722 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Engr., 1306 Otis Bldg., Philadelphia, and Devon. FIELDING, Howard H. (1904). (Council 1918 Pa. . 1919), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Warren Webster FRANCIS, William C. (1919). Mgr. Steam Dept.. & Co., (for mail) 518 Boston Bldg., and Waldman W. G. Cornell Co., and (for mail) 3314 N. Smed- Apts., Denver. Col. - ley St., Philadelphia, Pa. FINAN, James J. (Associate 1920), Salesman, FRANK, George W. (1919). Pres, and Treas., American Radiator Co.,.413 S. 10th St., Omaha, Frank and Miller, 77-79 Best St., and 136 High and (for mail) 3001 F St., Lincoln, Neb. , FINAN, James J,, Sr. (1923). Supv. Engr., Ch. St., Buffalo, N. Y. . FRANK, John M. (Associate 1912; 1918). Vice- Engrs. Dept., Bd. of Education, and (for mail) Pres., Ilg Electric Vent. Co., 2850 N. Crawford 7149 Euclid Ave., Chicago, 111. . Ave., Chicago and (for mail) 1152 Chatfield Rd., FIRESTONE, James F. (Junior 1914). Engr., Hubbard Woods, 111. . 't Beckwith Co., and (for mail) 314 W. Telegraph FRANK, Olive E. (1919), Sales Mgr., (for mail) St., Dowagiac. Mich. FIRSCHING, Frank J. (1921), Heat. Engr., War Alberger Heater Co., and Howard Ironworks, 281 Chicago St., and 296 Norwalk Ave.. Buffalo. N.Y. ren Webster & Co.,' (for mail) 917 Empire Bldg., FRANKLIN, Ralph S. (1919). Pres, and Treas.. Pittsburgh, Pa., and 2731 N. Dover St., Phila (for mail) Albert B. Franklin, Inc.. 25 Haverhill delphia, Pa. FISKE, T. Dumars (1922). Montgomery, Ward St.. Boston, and 320 Grove St., Melrose. Mass. FRASER, William G. (1916), Vice-Pres., (for & Co., St. John and Belmont Sts., and 2917 E. mail) Power Efficiency Corp., 619 White Bldg., 67th St., Kansas City. Mo. FITTS, Charles D. (1920). Salesman, (for mail) and 1515 Amherst St., Buffalo. N. Y. FREDERICK, Laurence M. (1919). 601-602 American Radiator Co., 915 Metropolitan Life Walton Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. . Bldg., and 2807 Dean Blvd.. Minneapolis, Minn. FRENCH, Bascom P. (Junior 1915). Olney FLEISHER, Walter Louis* (1914), Pres., (for Plbg. & Heat. Co., 106 W. Main St., Olney. III. mail) W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc., 31 Union Sq., FRIEDMAN, Abraham (1922). Heat. Engr. and W.. New York. N. Y. FLEMING, Albert W. (Associate 1919). Br. Mgr., Contr., 101 W. Hayes Ave., Corona, L. I.. N. Y. FRIEDMAN, Ferdinand J. (1921), Mech. Engr.. Kewanee Boiler Co.. 509 Occidental Bldg., (for mail) McDougall, Pease & Friedman. 85 Indianapolis. Ind. . Osborne St., and 670 Sherbrooke St.. W., FLEMING, Thomas C. (1919). Sales Mgr.. Crane Montreal. Que. -,, . Co., 245 Master St., and (for mail) 5239 N. 15th FROST, Robinson V. (1921). Engr.. P. Gormly St., Philadelphia, Pa. Co.. 155 N. 10th St., Philadelphia, and (for mail) FLETCHER, Saxton W. (1923). W. L. Fleisher & 828 W. Marshall St., Norristown.- Pa. Co., 31 Union Sq. W.. New York. N. Y. j FRUTCHY, Asel E. (Junior 1920). Vice-Pres.. (for FLETT, Henry R. (Associate 1915: 1915), Mgr., mail) Frutchy Barnes Co., Inc., Plbg. and Heat. Taylor-Forbes Co., Ltd., and Everlasting Valve Contrs.. 104 W. 2nd St., and 414 Walnut St.. Co., Ltd.. 1088 King St., W.. Toronto. Ont. Elmira, N. Y. FLINT, Coll T. (1919). Boston Mgr., (for mail) FRYER, Frederick G. (1918), Director. Rowntree ` H. B. Smith Co., 640 Main St., Cambridge, and & Co.. Ltd., York, England. .. 56 Brantwood Rd.,-Arlington. Mass. FULLER, Charles A.* (1913). (Council 1917). FOGG, Oscar-H. (1914), Secy.-Mgr., American Consulting Engr., 347 5th Ave., New York, and Gas Association, 342 Madison Ave., New York, 501 E. 5th St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. N. Y. FOLEY, George E. (1920). Heat. Contr., Foley FULLER, J. Lansing (Associate 1916), Western Sales Mgr., (for mail) Hart & Crouse Co., 315 E. Plbg. & Heat. Co., 1115 E. 19th St., and 2134 Adams Ave., and 1745 Chicago Blvd.. Detroit. ' Elmwood Ave., Kansas City.'Mo. FOLEY, Wm. J. (Associate 1923), Mgr. and Engr., Mich. - FULLER, Robt. K. (Associate 1922-1923). Archt. Wm. J. Foley Heat. Service Co., 230 15th St., and Engr., (for mail) 310 Foster Bldg., and 627 Denver, Colo. ' ; Corona St., Denver, Col. - 370 Roll of Membership FURMAN, Conrad W. (1915). Sales Engr., Savannah Supply Co., Jacksonville. Fla. FURMAN, J. R. (1919). Mech. Engr., 1417 Rail way Exchange, and (for mail) 5488 University Ave., Chicago, 111. GIESECKE, F. E.* (1913), Prof, of Architectural Eng., Head of Eng. Research Division of the Bureau Economic . Geology and Technology. Univ. of Texas, and 2400 Rio Grande, Austin. Texas. GIFFORD, Robert L. (1908). Pres.. Illinois G Engineering Co., Chicago. 111., and (for mail) GALE, Thomas J. C. (Associate 1920; 1921). (Secy. St. Louis Chapter), Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., Heat. Dept., 4140 Forest Park Blvd., and (for mail) 6008 Bartmer Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. ' GALLAHER, James E. (Junior 1923). Engr! and 1231 S. El Molino Ave.. Pasadena, Cal. GIGUERE, GeorgeH. (1920), Mech. Engr., John Finn & Son, 7720 Plymouth Rd.. and 14785 Saratoga Ave., Detroit. Mich. GILBERT, Maxwell F.. (Associate 1915), Mgr., (for mail) Richardson & Boynton Co., 1308 Arch Estimator, J. H. Gallaher Co., 1946 N. Broadway, St. Louis. Mo. GALLIGAN, Andrew B. (1921),' Mgr., Galligan Bros., 716-718 S. 51st St., and 5231 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. . GALLIGAN. John H. (1923). Haynes Selling Co.. 1711 Sansom St., Philadelphia. Pa. GANNON, James E. (1918), 'Pres.. Gannon & St., Philadelphia, and Jcnkintown, Pa. . GILES, Edward H. (1919), Mgr., (for mail) Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.. 31st and Oxford Sts., and Stoneleigh Court Apts.; 46th and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. GILL, Michael J. (1919), Sanitary, Heat. & Vent. Engr., (for mail) 692 Newark Ave., and 33 Spruce St., Jersey City, N. J. . Carey Co.. 903 Parade St., Erie, Pa. ` GANT. H. P. (1915), (Council 1918; 2nd Vice- GILMORE, Frank P. (1923). Sales Engr., Peerless Unit Ventilation Co., Inc., Little Bldg., Boston, Pres. 1921: 1st Vice-Pres. 1922; Pres. 1923), Mass. ' - , -- . Lewis, Robinson & Gant, Land Title Bldg., Phila delphia, Pa. ' GARDNER, S. Franklin (1911), (for mail) Standard Eng. Co., 2129 I St., N.W., and Faulk- stone Courts, 1401 Fairmont St., N.W., Wash ington. D. O. GARDNER, Wm., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales Mgr., Garden City Fan Co., (for mail) 1842 GILLETT, Merrlman C. (1916), Plant Mgr., Standard Heater Co., Walnut St.. Williamsport, and 6600 Rising Sun Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. GILLHAM, Walter E. (1917), Consulting Engr., (for mail) 409 Interstate Bldg., and 3427 Bell- fontain, Kansas City, Mo. GILLING, William F., Jr. (Associate 1919). Asst. Mgr.. American Radiator Co., 129 Federal McCormick Bldg., and 7829 S. Bishop St.. Chicago. 111. ` ' GARRISON, James H. (1911), 708 Walton Ave., Watts. Cal. ' GAUSMAN, C. E. (1923), Magney & Tusler, 126 ' S. 9th St.. Minneapolis, and (for mail) 748 Margaret St., St. Paul, Minn. St., Boston, and (for mail) 29 Abbott Rd.. Wellesley Hills, Mass. GILSON, Howard J. (Associate 1915). 1818 Chapella St.. Santa Barbara. Cal. GLASSEY, J. Wilbur (1922), Mgr., (for mail) Vapor Heating Co., 215 S. 17th St., and Wynd- tnoor. Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Pa. GAWTHROP, Fred. H. (1919), Pres.-Treas., (for mail) Gawthrop & Bro. Co.. 705 Orange St., and GLENNON. Charles (1917), Executive Secy., . Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters Assn, of 1110 Shallcross Ave.. Wilmington. Del. Chicago, 1214 Chamber of Commerce Bldg.. GAYLOR. William S. (1919), Heat, and Vent. Chicago,'III. .. Engr., Starrett & Van Vleck. 8 W. 40th St., New GLORE, Evins F. (Associate 1916), Secy, and York, and (for mail) 42 Mayhew Ave., Larch- . Sales Mgr., Abram Cox Stove Co., American mont, N. Y. . and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia,. Pa., and (for GAYLORD, Frank H. (1921). Northwestern mail) 715 Riverside Drive, Newf York. N. Y. Repr., Hoffman Specialty Co., arid (for mail) GODFREY, Foskett H. (1921), Mgr., (for mail* Hastings Hotel.-Minneapolis, Minn. General Boilers Co.. 2021 L; C. Smith Bldg., and GEDEIST, Oliver '(Associate 1920), Executive College Club, Seattle, Wash. Asst., (for mail) Monitor Stove Co., Woodrow GOINS, Edgar H. (1920), Asst. Dist. Mgr.., War St., and 911 Vine St.. Cincinnati. O.. ren Webster & Co., 706 Rose Bldg., and 850 E. GEIER, Bernard.A. (Associate 1920), Sales Engr., 128th St., Cleveland, O. ' . 230 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 225 S. GOLDSCHMIDT, Otto E. (1915), Consulting Birmingham Ave., Avalon, Pa. ` . Engr., 116 W. 39th St.. New York, N. Y. GE1SER, Harry (1911), Pres., (for mail) .Theodore GOLDSTEIN, A. M. (1923). Federal Heat. Co.. Geiser & Sons; Inc., 248 Plane St., Newark and, 310 13th St.. N.W., and 425 Irving St.. N.W.. 51 Stockton PL, East Orange, N. J. . Washington, D. C. GEISLER, F. E, (1920). Mgr., F. E. Geisler&Co., GOMBERS. Henry B. (Associate 1901), Secy, (for 422 1st Ave.. and Saybrook Apts., Pittsburgh, Pa. GEMENY, William J. (1919), Pres.. W. J. Geraeny Co., 1050 W. Randolph St., and 7601 Normal St., Chicago, 111. GERRISH. Harry E. (1910), (Council 1919). Pres.. (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co., 501 6th St., S., and 4534 S. Freemont Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. mail)-Heat, and Piping Contrs.-National Assn.. 50 Union Sq.. New York, N. Y.. and 160 Halsted ` St.. East Orange. N. J. ' GOMERSALL, William H. (Associate 1921). Sales Engr., Sherman Eng; Co.. 254 S. 15th St., and 7500 Limekiln Pike, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa. - . GETSCHOW, George M. (1906). -Phillips-Gets- GOOD, Macy S. (1921), Mgr., Chicago Territory chow Co.. 130 VV. Kinzie St., Chicago. III. C. A. Dunham Co.. R. 230 EC; Ohio St., and GETSCHOW, Roy M. (1919), Secy, and Heat, and 6360 Greenwood Ave.. Chicagdi -III. Vent. Engr., Phillips-Getschow Co.. 130 W. GOODNOW, Wallace F. (1912), Special Repr.. Kinzie St., and 4517 Beacofl St4 Chicago. III. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 41 E. 42nd GIBBONS. M. J., Jr. (1914), Secy., (for mail) . St., New York. N. Y., and 680 Steamboat Rd.. M. J. Gibbons Supply Co., 601 E.,Monument Greenwich. Conn.- Ave., and 22 Oxford Ave., Dayton, O. . GOODRICH, Charles F^ (1919). Andrews & GIBBS, Edward W. (1919), Secy, and Treas., (for Goodrich. Inc.. 88 Broad St., Boston, and 38 mail) The Smith-Gibbs Co.. 11 S. Main St., and Clarendon St., Malden. Mass. - 61 President Ave.. Providence. R. I. GIBBS, Frank C. (1921), Secy., (for mail), Colby- Merrill Co., 1121 Nicholas Bldg., and 1937 Car rollton Ave., Toledo. O. GORDON, Edward B., Jr. (1908), Chas. L. Pills- bury Co., Capital National Bank-Bldg;, St. Paul, . and (for mail) 2915 Knox Ave.',;S., Minneapolis, Minn. " . : GIBBS, Harold E. (1920), Specialty Sales Co.. 1550 Main St., and (for mail) 443 Richmond Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. GIBSON, John H. (1921), Dist. Mgr., Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., 726 Commercial Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, and Merion, Pa. . GORMLY, John* (Charter Member--Honorary- Member). (Council 1899; Board of Governors 1900-1903; 1st Vice-Pres. 1904; Pres. 1906). 410 E. Marshall St., Norristown, Pa. GORMLY, P. (1919), R. D. No. 5. Norristown, Pa. . 371 Roll of Membership GORNSTON, Michael H. (Associate 1923), P. S. 109. Dumont Ave. and Powell St., and 251 Crescent St.; Brooklyn. N. Y. GORTNER, John W. (1919). Heat.. Vent, and Sanitary Plumber, (for mail) A. W. Gortner and Son. 318 Sunbury St., and 42 N. 6th St., Sha- mokin. Pa. GOSS, Matthew H. (1921). Estimator and Engr- The Brown Co.. 1053 Baltimore Ave.. W- and (for mail) 3022 Montclair Ave.. Detroit, Mich. GOTTWALD. C. (Associate 1916). Pres.. Ric-Wil Co.. Guardian Bldg.. Cleveland. O. GRAEFP, Richard J. (1920), Pres.. R. J. Graeff, Inc.. 1048 Beaubien St., and 1926 Euclid Ave., W., Apt. 6-A. Detroit, Mich, GRASSLER, Edmund (Associate 1919). (for mail) Grassier & Gezelschap. 214 3rd St., and 750 Summit Ave., Milwaukee. Wis. GRAVES. Willard B. (1906). Pres., (for mail) W. B. Graves Heating Co.. 162 N. Des Plaines St., Chicago, and 254 Edgewood Place, River Forest, 111. GRAY, William E. (1922). National Dry Kiln Co.. E. Maryland St.. Indianapolis. Ind. GREASON, Samuel L. (1915), Pres., Grcason Mfg. Co.. 108 W. 99th St., New York, and (for mail) 341 New York Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. GREBE, Henry W. (1919). Pres., (for mail) Cen tral Asbestos & Magnesia Co- 214. W. Grand Ave., and 2560 Wilson Ave., Chicago. III. GREEN, William C. (1906). Warren Webster & Co.. 310 Provident Bank Bldg.. Cincinnati. O. GREENE. Walter C. (1921). Sales Engr., Strong. Carlisle. Hammond & Co.. 336-344 Frankfort Ave.. Cleveland, and 2400 Demington Drive. Cleveland Heights, O. GRETZINGER. Franklin (1919). Mech. Engr.. Land Title Bldg., and (for mail) 2124 N. 17th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. ' GRIER, William (1908), P. O. Box 75, Cincinnati. GRl'ERSON, Ronald E. (1916). Ch. Engr.. Provincial Cinematograph Theatres, Ltd., 80-82 Wardour St., London, W l, England. GRIFFIN. Frank A., Jr. (1917). (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co..- 2030 Walnut St., and 3930 S. Benton St.. Kansas City. Mo. GRIFFIN. John J. (Associate 1918; 1921), Pres., (for mail) International Eng. & Supply Co., 1308 Olive St., and 3662 Humphrey St., St. Louis. Mo. GRIFFIN. W. H. (1922). Pres.. Griffin. Lamping & MacLachlan, 5429 N. Madison St., and 5446 Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111. GRIFFITH. Morgan R. (Associate 1922). Canadian Blower & Forge Co.. 186 King St., Toronto. Ont. * GRILL, Guido E. (Junior 1922), Designer, Clark, McMullen & Riley. 101 Park Ave., New York, and 90 Alter Ave., Dongan Hills, Staten Island. N. Y. GRIMSHAW, George E. (Junior 1910; 1915). Asst. Mgr., Insulation Dept. Johns-Manville, Inc.. Euclid Ave., and 46th St., Cleveland. O. GROOM, Stanley L. (1920).Managing Director. Buffalo Forge Co.. Ltd.; Carrier Eng. Co.. Ltd- 24 Buckingham Gate, and (for mail) Homestead Thrale Rd..` Streatham. London, England. - GROS CLAUDE, Frederick W. (1911). Dist. Mgr., (for mail) American Warm. & Vent. Co., 1869 E. 55th St., and 3323 E. Monmouth Rd- Cleveland. O. GROSSMAN. Howard M. (1922). Dist. Mgr,, Burnham Boiler Corp., Lancaster, Pa. GROSVOLD, Fred E. (1917). Plbg. and Heat- 319 S. Farwell St- and 603 Main St- Eau Claire. Wis. GROTZ, Arthur B. (1921). Pres.. Linton Machine Co- Treas- Patterson Kelly Co- 101 Park Ave., New York, and (for mail) 17 Cambridge Pl ' Brooklyn, N. Y. . '. CROWE, Andrew W. (1920). Heat. Engr.. WardenL&eese. 2450 Prospect Ave-Cleveland.O. GRUMBEIN, Irwin F.* (1915). Pres- (for mail) National Heat. & Vent. Co- 736 Drexel Bldg- Philadelphia, and Lebanon, Pa. GUEST, Peyton L. (1921). Pres- (for mail) Smith & Guest, Inc- 390 Peachtree St- and 247 McGindum St- Atlanta. Ga. H HAAS. William (1915), Pres, and Treas., (for mail) The William Haas Co- 429 E. 3rd St- and 1632 S. Wayne Ave- Dayton, O. HACKETT. Charles P. (Associate 1921), Br. Mgr., (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp- R. 206, Ludlow Bldg- 34 S. 16th St- and 61 W. Eagle Rd., P. O. Upper Darby Br- Philadelphia, Pa. HACKETT, H. Berkeley (1921). Mech. and Con sulting Engr- (for mail) 505 Chestnut St- Phila delphia. Pa. HACKNEY. Henry (Associate 1919). Contr. and Engr- 34 W. 5th St- and 1514 E. 7th St- Char lotte. N. C. ' HADEN, George Nelson (Junior 1922). Consult ing Engr- (for mail) G. N. Haden & Sons. Ltd- Silver St- Trowbridge. England. HADEN. William N. (1902). G. N. Haden & Sons. Ltd- Silver St- Trowbridge. England. HADESTY, Alfred L., Jr. (1921), 130 E. Broad St- Tamaqua, Pa. ' HAGEDON, Charles H. (1919). Ch. Engr.. Weinshank & Fenstermaker, 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg- and (for mail) 4156 Broadway, India napolis. Ind. HAIGHT, Theodore (1919). Pres, and Gen. Mgr- Providence Eng. Co- 30 Church St- New York, and 328 Sterling PI- Brooklyn. N. Y. HAINES, John J. (1915). Vice-Pres. and Secy., The Haines Co.. 1933 W. Lake St- Chicago, 111. HAIRE, Charles S; (1920). Archt. (for mail) Unk & Haire, 609 Power Bldg- and 528 Power St- Helena. Mont. HALE, Frank M. (Associate 1923), Chandler Pump & Supply Co., 931W. 8th St- Kansas City, Mo. HALE, John F.* (1902). (Board of Governors 1908; 1910; 1st Vice-Pres. 1912; Pres.'1913; Council 1914). Pres., Atmospheric Conditioning Corp- 920 Lafayette Bldg- Philadelphia, Pa. HALEY, Harry S * (1914). Consulting Engr- (for mail) Leland & Haley. 58 Sutter St- and 735 21st Ave.. San Francisco, Cal. HALLER, Arthur L. (1920), Engr- (for mail) Hunt Heating Co- 810 Chestnut St- St. Louis, and 520 Fairview Ave- Webster Groves. Mo. HALLETT, Edwin S.* (1918). (Council 1921 1923). Ch. Engr- (for mail) Board of Education. Bd. of Education Bldg- and 5156 Cabanne Ave- St. Louis. Mo. HALLEY, W. H. (Junior 1923), Designer and Engr- Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co- 4045 Forest Park Blvd- and (for mail) 6134 VV. Park Ave- St. Louis. Mo. HAMILTON, Henry. Jr.* (Associate 1922). New York Mgr- Ozone Pure Airifier Co- 1455-57 W. Congress St- Chicago, 111. HAMLET. Francis A. (1922). Director, Castona Products, Ltd- 4 Harbour St- and (for mall) 794 Shuter St- Montreal Que. HAMLET, Thomas F. (1920). Sales Engr- Darling Bros- Ltd- 120 Prince St- and (for mail) 34 Burton Ave- Westmo'Unt. Montreal, Que. HAMLIN, Harry A. (Associate 1916). Mgr- Johnson Service Co- 42 Montcalm St- WDetroit. and 120 Winona Ave- Highland Park. Mich. HAMMER, H. M. (1920). Economy Steam Spe cialty Co- 608 Fullerton Bldg- and 4411 Clarence Ave- St. Louis, Mo. HAND, William L. (1920). Mech. Engr- (for mail) 722-723 Oxford Bldg- 118 N. LaSalle St and 4754 Vincennes Ave- Chicago. 111. HANES, J. W. E. (Junior 1922), Designer, D. S. Reynolds. Engr- 617 Homer Laughlin Bldg- and 1241 W. 47th St- Los Angeles. Cal. HANKIN, Richard (1898) Vice-Pres- John Hankin & Bros- 228 Cherry St- New York, N. Y. HANSEN, John (1921). Heat. Engr- Nilson Bros.. 3222 N. Halsted St- and (for mail) 2611 Kimball Ave- Chicago. 111. 372 Roll of Membership HANSON, E. W. (1922), Engr. and Estimator, VV. N. Sauer Co- 806 Chestnut St- and (for maiB 919 Eldora Place, Pittsburgh. Pa. ' HANSON, Henry A. (Associate 1923), Sales Mgr- Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp- 41 East 42nd St- New York. N. Y. HANSON, Leon C. (Associate 1918), Bjorkman Bros- 712 S. 10th St- Minneapolis, Minn. HARBISON. John E. (1920). Heat. Engr. and Contr., 211)4 Union St., and 1210 Union St., Schenectady. N. Y. HARBUCK, John H. (1919). Vice-Pres. and Engr- (for mail) Moncrief Furnace Co- 139 S. Pryor St- and 156 McMillan St- Atlanta. Ga. HARBULA, Michael G.* (1921). Atmospheric Conditioning Corp- 841 Monadnock Block, and 7126 Merrill Ave., Chicago. III. HARDING, Louis A.* (1911). (Council 1922). Harding & Crea, White Bldg- Buffalo. N. Y. HARDY. Arthur R. (1917). Archt- (for mail) Greenebaum, Hardy & Schumacher. 216 Scarritt Bldg- and 1111 E. Gillham Rd- Kansas City. Mo. HARE, Edgar S. (1920). Pres, and Mgr- (for mail) William Hare's Sons Co- 46 14th St- and 140 Miller St.. Edgewood, Wheeling. W. Va. HARMS, William T.* (1917). (Pres. Michigan Chapter). Heat. Contr- 515 SL Waterman Ave- Detroit. Mich. HARRIGAN, Edward M. (1915), Pres- (for mail) Harrigan & Reid Co- 1705 1st St- and 7450 La Salle Blvd- Detroit. Mich. HARRIS, Emery E. (1916). Vice-Pres- Pittelkow Heat, and Eng. Co- 312 W. Larned St., and 1492 Bewick Ave- Detroit. Mich. HARRIS, Gordon D. (1913), (for mail) Industrial Dryer Corp- 60 W. 30th St- New York, and Islip. N. Y. HARRIS, H. Archibald (Associate 1915; 1916). Archibald Harris & Co- Accts. and Engrs- 140 S. Dearborn St- Chicago. III. HARRIS. H. Melvin (1918). 10309 Barrett Ave- Cleveland. O. HARRIS. Jesse B. (1918). (for mail) Rose & Harris. 318 Auditorium Bldg- and 3620 Colfax Ave- S- Minneapolis. Minn. HARRISON. Burt S. (1908). Ch. Engr- Drying Systems. Inc- 11 S. Desplaines St- and (for - mail) 2200 Warren Ave- Chicago, 111. HARRISON, James M. (1919). Vice-Pres., (for mail) McCann-Harrison Co- 5005 Euclid Ave- and 2041 E. 96th St- Cleveland. O. HART, Harry M.* (1912). (Council 1914; 1st Vice-Pres. 1915; Pres. 1916; Council 1917), Pres- L. H. Prentice Co- 330 S. Sherman St- and 5409 Winthrop Ave- Chicago. III. HARTFORD, Claude (1917). Secy, and Gen. Sates Mgr- (for mail) Wilson Welder & Metals Co.. Inc- 132 King St- New York, and 33 Argyle Rd- Brooklyn. N. Y. HARTWELL. Joseph C. (1922), Dept. Mgr- (for mail) Grinnell Co- Inc- 260 W. Exchange St and 16 Freeman Parkway. Providence. R. I. HASEY, Charles E. (1919). 300 Builders'. Ex change, and 2613 3rd Ave- S- Minneapolis, Minn. HAUSER. Martin (1917), Pres. Engr- General Heat. Supply Co- R. 1. Reliance Bldg- and 1316 E. 42nd St.. Kansas City. Mo. HAUSS, Charles F. (1922), Special Repr. for Far East, (for mail) American Radiator Co- 4 Yuen Ming Yuen Rd- Shanghai. China. HAYES, James J. (1920), Sales Engr- Stannard Power Equipment Co- 1220 Monadnock Block, and 1423 E. 66th PI- Chicago. 111- HAYES, Joseph G. (1908). Mgr. and Engr.. Hayes Bros.. Inc- 236 W. Vermont St- and 2849 N. Capitol Ave- Indianapolis. Ind. ` HAYES, Patrick M. (Associate 1923), Asst. Mgr., K. C. Br., Dempster Mill Mfg. Co- 1307 W. 10th St- and Cortez Hotel, 417 E. 10 St- Kansas City, Mo. HAYNES. Charles V. (1917). Vice-Pres. and Gen. Sales Mgr- Hoffman Specialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave- New York. N. Y- and 256 S. 45th St- Philadelphia, Pa. . HAYNES, William J. (1911).. Vice-Pres- (for mail) Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co- 4519-33 N. Euclid Ave- and 5370 Pershing Ave- St. Louis, Mo. HAYWARD. Ralph B. (1909). Pres- (for mail) R. B. Hayward Co- 1714 Sheffield Ave- Chicago and 201 S. Stone Ave- La Grange, 111. HEAGERTY, Wm. H. (Associate 1923). Gen. Mgr., Oil City Boiler Works. P. O. Box 137. Oil City. Pa. HEAP, Walter E. (1920), Mgr.. Charles R. Heap & Son, 204 Bay St- Tomkinsville, and 412 Delafieid Ave- W. New Brighton, N. Y. HEAGLER, John M. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. American Foundry & Furnace Co- 303 Pittsburgh Bldg- and 1783 Marshall Ave- St. Paul. Minn. HEATH, Frederick R. (1913). Heat. Engr.. Edison Electric Illuminating Co- 39 Boylston St- Boston, and (for mail) 89 Trowbridge St- Cambridge. Mass. HEATHERTON. James M. (Associate 1904). Pres, and Editor, (for mail) Plumbers Trade Journal Publishing Co- 45 W. 34th St- New York, and Crescent Athletic Club, 129 Pierrepont St- Brooklyn, N. Y. . HECK, George L., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales Engr- Garden City Fan Co- 1812 McCormick Bldg- and 746 E. 49th St- Chicago. III. HECKEL. Edmund P. (1918). Vice-Pres- Car rier Eng. Corp- 2169 Transportation Bldg- Chicago. and 314 Cuttriss PI- Park Ridge, III. HEDGES. Henry B. (1919), (Secy. Philadelphia Chapter), Mgr- (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co- 510 Real Estate Trust Bldg- and 6525 N. Wood stock St- Philadelphia. Pa. HEEBNER, Walter Morris (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Warren Webster & Co- 15 W. 34th St- and (for mail) 129 W. 98th St- New York. N. Y. HEIBEL, Walter E. (1921). Sales Engr.. B. F. Sturtevdnt Co- 52 Vanderbilt Ave- New York, and 1045 Ocean Ave- Brooklyn, N. Y. HEILES, Frederick G. (Junior 1914; 1920). Engr., George A. Fuller Co- oi the Orient. Ltd- Dairen, Manchuria. HEINLE, Earl L. (1920). The Kaine-Peterson- Heinle Co- 1364 E. 34th St- Cleveland, and (for mail) 2276 Grandview Ave- Cleveland Heights. O. HELLERMAN. Harry H. (1902). Pres, and Gen. Mgr- Penn Eng. Co- 312 Cherry St- Philadel phia. Pa. < HELPHINGSTEIN. Otto (1919). Engr. and Supt. W. B. Van Sickle. 318 Kealt Bldg- Beaumont. Texas. HENDERSON, Thomas J- Jr. (1917). Heat, and Vent. Contr- 116 Peterson Bldg- and 424 E. 5th St- Flint. Mich. . HENION, Hudson D. (Associate 1923). Mgr- Young Pump Co- 310 Lister Bldg- Hamilton, Ont. HENRICH, George A. (1914). Pres, and Treas.. (for mail) Geo. A. Henrich Co- 5650 Broadway, and 1215 Elmdale Ave- Chicago. 111. HENSCHEN, Laurence H. (1915). Henschen Co- 101 Van Buren St- Joliet. Ill- and (for mail) Route No. 4 E. Grand Forks. Minn. HERD, C. C. (Associate 1922), 817 10th St.. . Wichita Falls, Texas. HERENDEEN. Frederick W. (1920), Secy- National Boiler & Radiator Mfrs. Assn- 815 S. Main St- and 29 Seneca St- Geneva. N. Y. HERLIHY, George F. (1922), Vice-Pres- J. J. Herlihy, Inc- 751 W. Van Buren St- and 212 E.* 109th St- Chicago. 111. ' HERLIHY, Jermiah J. (1914), Pres- J. J. Her lihy. Inc- 751 W. Van Buren St- and 3634 N. Keeler Ave- Chicago. 111. .. HERING, John B. (Junior 1922). Philip Hering & Son. 409 Belgrade St- Philadelphia, Pa. ' HERRICK, Daniel A. (1923). Factory Mgr., Julian D'Este Co.. 26 Canal St- Boston, and (for mail) 27 Agassiz St- Combridge, Mass. Roll of Membership HERRING, Edgar (1919), Managing Director, ` (for mail) J. Jeffreys & Co., Ltd., Barron's Place, Waterloo Rd.. London, S.E., and . "Kenia." Keowick Rd., Putney. London, S.W., 15, Eng land. HERSH. Edgar E. (1916), Ch. Engr. and Asst. Gen. Mgr., Hersh Bros. Co.. 645 Mill St., and1 (for mail) 120 S. 16th St.. Allentown. Pa. HERSH. G. Willis (1917), Gen. Mgr., Hersh Bros. Co., 645 Mill St., Allentown, Pa. HERSHEY. John C. (1919). Pres., Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co., 1823 Market St.. Philadel phia. Pa. HESTER, Thomas J. (1919). (for mail) Hester- Bradley Co., 4200 Forest Park Blvd., and 3704 -Sylvan PI.. Kenwood Springs. St. Louis, Mo. HETHERINGTON, Edward T. (1919), Sales Engr., (for mail) 1718 Sansom St., and 3311 N. 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa. HIBBS, Frank C. (1917), Salesman, H.. B. Smith Co-, S.E., cor. 17th and Arch Sts., and (for mail) 3203 Columbia Ave., Philadelphia,- Pa. HIGGINS, John M. (1922), Salesman, H. B. - Smith Co.. 640 Main St., Cambridge 39, and (for . mail) 16 -Dearborn Rd.. Medford 57, Mass. HILDEBRANDT, Henry A. (1918), Supt. of Bldgs, and Grounds, (for mail) University of - Minnesota, and 323 Church St., S.E., Min neapolis, Minn. HILL, E. G. T. (1922), Heat, and Mech. Engr.. King & Co.. Ltd., S. Church Side, HuU. and 20 Vermont Crescent, Newland. Hull, E. Yorks, England. ' HILL, Charles H. (1917), Ch. Engr., State Normal School. Emporia. Kans. HILL, Dr. E. Vernon* (Associate 1912; 1914), (Council 1915; 1917; 1921; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1918; 1st Vice-Pres. 1919; Pres. 1920), E. Vernon Hill Co., 64 W. Randolph .St., and 4357 Kenmore Ave., Chicago. 111. _ HILL. Newell J. (1916), Consulting Engr., (for mail) 620 McKerchey Bldg., and 1737 Atkinson Ave., Detroit. Mich. HILL, Wm. A. (1921). Estimator, King Plbg. and Heat. Co., 214 Columbia St., and Box 72-A, R. F. D. No. 7. Seattle. Wash. HILLMAN. R. Ward (1919). Asst. Gen. Mgr. Sales, U. S. Radiator Corp., 135 E. Grand River ` Ave., and 2472 Euclid Ave., W., Detroit, ; Mich. HINKLE, Edwin C. (1911), Pres., Atlantic Heat. & Eng. Co.. 2nd National Bank Bldg., and 170 Franklin Ave.. Hempstead, N. Y. HITCHCOCK, Frederick P. (1917), Pres. H. & P. Sales Co.. 1104 Republic Bldg., and 4938 Forest Ave., Kansas City, Mo. HOBBS, J. Clarence (1920), (Pres., Pittsburgh Chapter), Mgr., Allegheny County Steam Heat. Co., 703 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., and 6349 Douglas St., Pittsburgh, Pa. HOBEN, Robert J. (1919), (for mail) 258-60 S. Van Peet St., and 5102 Spruce St., Philadel phia, Pa. HODGDON, Harry A. (1919), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Stone-Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave., Boston, and (for mail) 153 Nor folk St., Wollaston, Mass. HOERSTING, Frank J. (1921), Hoersting & Holtmann, 1133 W. 3rd St., Dayton, O. HOFFMAN, George D.* (1906), Hoffman Spe cialty Co.. 512 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. " HOLLOWAY, Robert B. (Junior 1923), Engr.,and Salesman, Gurney Heater & Mfg. Co., 108 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, and 26 W. Rockland St.. Germantown. Pa. HOLMES, Joseph (1921). Pres., and Heat. Engr.. The Holmes Landwehr Heat. Co., 1508 Adams St., and cor. Elizabeth and Vance Sts., Toledo. O. HOMANN, Frederick A. (1918). Sales Repr.. The Herman Nelson Corp., 3542 N. Broad St., Phila delphia. Pa. HONIBALL, Charles R.* (1911), Pres., Charles R. . Honiball Co., 156 Boundary St.. Liverpool. England. HOOK, C. Howard (1915), Pres., Peerless Heater Co., 5602 Baum Blvd., Pittsburgh. Pa. HOOK, Maurice G. (1919), Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co., 101 Park Ave., New York, and Gifford Park. Tuckahoe. N. Y. HOOPER. Wyllys G. (1921). Mech. Engr., (for mail) Urbauer Atwood Co., 1450 S. 2nd St., and 4129 Shaw Ave., St. Louis, Mo. HOOVER, H. Earl (Associate 1922), Vice-Pres. Hoover Co., 1411 Railway Exchange, Chicago, and 1801 Green Bay Rd., Glencoe. III. HOPKIN, William E. (1919). Pres, and Treas.. (for mail) Chas. E. Hopkin Co., 107 Bethlehem Pike, and Wyndmoor Ave., Chestnut Hill. Phila delphia, Pa. HOPKINS. Robert D. (1915). Consulting Engr.. Establissements Arnoult, Peking, China. HOPSON, William T. (1915). Hopson & Chapin Mfg. Co.. New London, Conn. . HOPWOOD, Arthur M. (1920). Sales Engr.. Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., and (for mail) 1652 Haworth St., Philadel phia, Pa. HORNUNG. John C. (1914). Engr.. 343 S. Dear born St., Chicago, and Glencoe. 111. HOUGHTEN, Ferry C.* (1921). Heat. Engr.. Re ' search Laboratory, A. S. H. & V. E., R. .283. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. ' HOUPT, George A. (1916). Engr.. S. Faith Co.,. Inc.. 2044 Medary Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. HOWATT, John (1915), Ch. Engr., (for mail) Chicago Board of Education. 650 S. Clark St., and 7227 Oglesby Ave., Chicago, III. HOWE* Willis w! (Associate 1919). Pres., (for mail) Willis W. Howe & Co.. 3030 McGee Traffic Way, and 4122 Mercier St., Kansas City. Mo. HOWELL, Frank B. (1920). Director, Dept, of Research, American Radiator Co., (for mail) 1807 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. HOWELL, Lloyd (1915), Ch. Engr., (for mail) American Foundry & Furnace Co., 915 E.' Wash ington St., and 1203 E. Jefferson St., Blooming ton. 111. ` HOWLEY, J. G., Jr. (Junior 1922), Salesman. H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts., and 6127 Jef ferson St., Philadelphia, Pa. HOYT, William B^ (1919), Sales Mgr. and Secy.. (for mail) National Bending Co., River and Lloyd Sts., New Haven and 39 Clifford St.. Whit- neyville, Conn. . HUBBARD, Allen (1919). Consulting Engr.. (for mail) Hollis French and Allen Hubbard, 210 South St., Boston, and 51 Montvale Rd., Newton Center. Mass. HUBBARD, George W. (1911), Mech. Engr.. (for mail) Graham. Anderson, Probst & White. 1417 Railway Exchange, Chicago, and 331 Bonnie HOFFMAN* James D* (1903), 1st Vice-Pres. 1908; Pres. 1910; Board of Governors 1911,1912), Prof, of Practical Mechanics, Head of Dept., Purdue University, arid 323 University St., W., Lafayette, Ind. ' ' HOGAN* Edward L. (1911). Mgr.. Air Condition Brae. River Forest, 111. HUBBARD, Nelson B. (1919), Consulting Engr., 2985 Blaine Ave., Detroit, Mich. HUBER, Charles F. (1921). Supt., J. A. McBride Mech. Eng. Co.. 1607 Olive St., and (for mail) 5957 Highland Ave.. St. Louis, Mo. ing Dept., (for mail) American Blower Co., 6004 HUGH* Aloyslus J. (1919), Gen. Mgr. of Sales., Russel St., Detroit. Mich. HOGUE, Carl T. (1922), Heat. & Vent. Engr., Central Supply Co.. 312 S. 3rd St., and 4037 Harriet Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. San Angela, Texas. HOIER* William V. (1917), Mgr., (for mail) . Wm. V. Hoier Co.. 701 N. Wells St., and 1023 Thorndale Ave., Chicago. 111.. . HUCKEL, Frank, Jr. (1920), Mgr., Heat. Dept. Keystone Supply & Mfg. Co., 907 N. 9th St... Philadelphia, and (for mail) 5335 Wingohocking Terrace, Germantown, Pa. . 374 Roll of Membership HUCKER, Joseph H. (1921), Sales Engr., Hajrnes INGELS, Margaret M.* (Junior 1918), Research Selling Co., Inc.. 1711 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Engr., Research Laboratory, A. S. H. & V. E.. and 715 Stanbridge St.. Norristown, Pa. R. 283, U. S. Bureau of Mines, and 238 N. HUGHES, John T. (Associate 1922), Sales Engr., Dithridge St., Pittsburgh, Pa. (for mail) Brogan & Co., 810 Race St., Phila INNIS, Helen R* (Junior 1918; 1921), Sales Mgr., delphia. and 211 Dawson St., Wissahickon, Pa. (for mail) Donnelly Systems Co., 9 Murray St., HUGHES, Willard C. (1921), (for mail) Wicks New York, and 34 McDonough St., Brooklyn, - Hughes & Co., 224 Genesee St., and 16 Cottage N. Y. '' PL. Utica. N. Y. IRELAND, Thomas H. (1923), Sales Engr., Crane HULL, Bret R. (1910), Engr. and Contr., 406 Co.. 19-25 W. 44th St.. New York and 137 Pel-, Poyntz Ave., Manhattan, Kans. ham Rd., New Rochelle, N. Y. HUMPHREY, D. E. (1921). Heat, and Vent. ISSERTELL, Henry G.* (Associate 1912; 1913). Engr., (for mail) Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Sales. Engr., Bldg. Equip. Section, Gen. Elect. Akron, and 128 S. 4th St., Cuyahoga Falls, O. Co., i20 Broadway, and 825 W. 180th St., New HUMPHREYS, Aurelius E. (1911), Mgr., . York, N. Y. . O'Mara Heat. Co., 504 Victoria Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. ' - J HUMPHREYS, Theodore F. (1915), Cleveland JACKSON, Charles J. (Associate 1912), Local Mgr., H. B. Smith Co., and (for mail) 16108 Clif Mgr., Jenkins Bros., 646 W. Washington Blvd., ton Blvd.. Cleveland, O. Chicago, and 932 Oak St., Winnetka. 111. HUNT* Phil M. (1922), Steam and Heat. Engr. JACKSON. Marshall S. (1919). Heat, and Power Dept., Crane Co., Oklahoma City, Okla. Plant Equip., 232 Delaware Ave., and 356 Wood HUNT;, Richard B. (1912), Mgr., (for mail) Gur- ward Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. '' ney Heater Mfg. Co.. 11E. 42nd St., New York, JACOBUS, Dr. David S. (1916), Advisory Engr., and 414 S. 4th Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Babcock & Wilcox Co.,' 85 Liberty St., New York, HUNTER, Albert C. (1919), Salesman, Con N. Y. ' solidated. Sulphur Co., 428 Metropolitan Bank JALIEN, John J. (1922). Staff Engr.. (for mail) Bldg., and (for mail) 3900 Harriet Ave.', Min Consolidated Gas Co., Dept, of Utilization, 130 neapolis, Minn. E. 15th St., and 365 W. 118th St., New York, HUNTER, Charles C. (Associate 1923). Salesman, . N. Y. . '' Westinghouse Elect. & Mfg. Co., 165 Broadway, JANES, Arthur (1919), Pres., (for mail) Arthur ' New York, and (for mail) 55 Hollywood Ave., Janes Co., 138 E. 59th St., New York and East Orange. N. J. Scarsdale, N. Y. HUNTER. Paul F. (Junior 1918). Engr.. 249 9th JANET, Harry L. (1920), Engr., (for mail) Car Ave., N., and (for mail) 644 Huron St., S.E., rier Eng. Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, Minneapolis. Minn. ' N. J., and 688 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N.'Y. HUNTLEY, Frank A. (Junior 1918), Salesman, JAYNES, Eubertis L. (1918), Pres, and Gen. Walworth Mfg. Co.. Seattle, and (for mail) Box Mgr., (for mail) Northwestern Furnace & Supply 1280, Yakima, Wash. Co.. 619 Washington Ave.. S., and 4849 Girard HURLEY.. Joseph C. (1915). Pres., Petroleum Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. . .. . .. Fuel Eng. Co., 7 S. 17th St., and 21 S. 61st St., JELLETT,. Stewart A.* (Charter Member), Philadelphia, Pa. ' (Pres. 1895; Board of Managers 1896-1897; Sec HURXTHAL, Alpheus O. (1921). Ch. Engr... (for * retary 1898; Board of Managers 1899). Consult mail) Proctor & Schwartz, Inc., 7th St., and ing and Constructing Engr., Pres., (for mail) - Tabor Rd., and 6214 Morton St., Philadelphia.Pa. Stewart A. Jellett Co., 1200 Locust St., and 6701 HUSBAND, Edward Woods (1922), Heat. Engr.. Lincoln Drive, Mount Airy. Philadelphia. Pa. Geo. Frederic Hall, Archt., 807 Union Trust Co., JENNINGS, Frederick W. (Associate 1905). Ash- Bldg., and (for mail) 114 Corinth St., Providence, well & Nesbit, Ltd., 12 Great James St., Bedford R. I. . Row, London, W. C.,' England. HUTCHISON, J. E. (1921), Isaac - Hathaway JENNINS. Henry H. (1901), Edwin Oldroyd & Francis. Otis Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Co., Ltd., Crown Works, and (for mail) West HUTCHISON, J. Howard (1919), (for mail) 1020 Hill, Chapeltown Rd., Leeds, England. Callowhil) St., Philadelphia, and Paper Mill Rd., JENSON, Jean S. (1912). 431 S. Dearborn St., Enfield, Pa. - Chicago, 111. HUTTON, WUtiam (1919), Pres, and Treas.. (for JEWELL, George H. (1916), Sales Engr.. Builders' ' mail) Hutton'. Bros. Co., 9 Union St., and 28 Iron Foundry. 466 Peoples Gas Bldg., and 1435 Spring St., Winsted, Conn. Greenleaf Ave.. Chicago; 111. HUTZEL, A. F. (1916), (for mail) Hutzel & Co., JOHN, Benjamin F. (1920), Pres., (for mail) 119 E. Washington St., and 722 W. Washington Benj. F. John Co.. 1003 Race St.; and 881 N. 24th St.. Ann Arbor, Mich. St., Philadelphia. Pa. HUTZEL, Hugo F. (1918), Engr.. (for mail) JOHNSON, Carl W. (1912), Pres., (for mail) American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Ave., and C. W.'Johnson, Inc., 644 Washington Blvd., and 1160 Hertel Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. 1809 Morse Ave.. Chicago. 111. HVOSLEF, F. Waldemar (Associate 1921), Engr., JOHNSON, Edward B. (1919). (Secretary New U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River Ave., York Chapter), Sales. Engr., American Radiator Detroit; Mich. ' Co., 104 W. 42nd St..' New York, and (for mail) HYMAN, Wallace M. (1920), Vice-Pres., (for 154 Wardwell Ave., W. New Brighton, N. Y. mail) Reis & O'Donovan, 213 W. 28th St.,-and JOHNSON, Fred W. (1916), Vice-Pres., (for mail) 302 W. 86th St.. New York. N. Y. Johnson,'' Larsen & Co.. 233 Monroe Ave., and HYNES, Lee P. (1919), Ch. Engr.. Consolidated 273 Chalmers Ave., Detroit, Mich. Car Heat. Co., 413 N. Pearl St., Albany, N. Y JOHNSON, James A. (1919). (for mail) Esenwein & Johnson. 781 EUicott Sq., and 731 W. Delevan Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. ' - ICKERINGILL, John (1923), Sales Engr., JOHNSON, Ralph B. (1922), Sales Engr.. Johri- Haynes Selling Co., Inc..: 1711 Sansom -St., son Service Co., 411 E. 10th St., and 3729 Sum Philadelphia, and (for mail) 333 Rector St.T Rox- mit St., Kansas City, Mo. ' borough. Pa. . ..' JOHNSTON, James A. (1912), Consulting Engr.. IDDLES, Alfred (1921), Mech. Engr.. (for mail) Carneal & JoKnston, Chamber of Commerce Day & Zimmermann, Inc., 611 Chestnut St., Bldg.. Richmond, Va. Philadelphia, and 304 Conestoga Rd., Wayne, Pa. JOHNSTON, William B. (Associate 1916; 1921). IMPEY, Paul F. (Junior 1921), Heat. Engr.. John Vice-Pres., (for mail) Ideal Furnace Co.. 530 C. Moninger Co., 900 Blackhawk St., and'(for Jefferson Ave., W.,' and'. 1667 Atkinson Ave., mail) 3951 N. Mozart St., Chicago, III. Detroit, Mich. INGALLS, F. D. B. (1906), Heat, and Sales Engr.. JOLLIFFE; Arthur H. (Associate 1918), Br. (for mail) 136 Federal St..' Boston 9, and 25 Mgr., (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp.. 712-16 Hartshorn St.. Reading. Mass. Boyce Bldg.. 500 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. 375 Roll of Membership JONES. A. M. (1922), Mgr., Machinery Mfgs Sect. Westinghouse Elect. & Mfg. Co.. E. Pitts burgh. and 2909 Biddle Ave.. Wilkinsburg. Pa. JONES, David J. (1919). Mech. Asst., Illinois Cent. R. R. Co., R. 1000, Central Station, and (for mail) 425 E. 89th PL, Chicago. 111. JONES, Edwin A. (1919). Sales Engr., Williams> Radiator Co.. 620 Pacific Mutual Bldg.. Los Angeles, and 1642 Ocean Ave.. Santa Monica, Cal. JONES, Ernest F. (1923), Sales Engr.. Kellogg- Mackay Co., 419 W. 18th St., Chicago, and (Tor mail) 440 W. Macon St.. Decatur, 111. JONES, Harold L. (1920). Asst. Supt., (for mail) W. W. Farrier Co.. 44 Montgomery St., Jersey City, and 11 Cambridge Rd.. Glen Ridge, N. J. JONES. Louis T. (1921), Salesman, Richardson & Boynton Co.. 1332 Arch St., and (for mail) 10 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, Pa. . JONES, Raymond E. (1919), Engr. and Sales man. Haynes Selling Co.. 1711 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa., and 39 W. End Ave., Haddon- field, N. J. JONES, Robert L. (1919), Engr., Carrier Eng. Corp., 7e0 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J. JONES. William R. (1922). Engr. of Plant. Uni versity of Pennsylvania, 3446 .Walnut St., and (for mail) 550 S. 48th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. JONES. William T. (1915), 11 Rossmere St., Newtonville. Mass. JORDAN, Charles F. (1915), Ch. Engr.. Board of Education. I860 Kinney Ave., Cincinnati, O. ' JOYCE, Harry B. (1922). Ch. Engr.. (for mail) Centrifugal Fan Co., 9-15 17th Ave.. Newark, and 14 S. Munn Ave.. East Orange, N. J. JUTTNER, Otto J. (1915). Pres., (for mail) Jutt- ner Heating Co., 432 Jefferson St., and 496 Newton Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. K KAHN, Henry P. (1919), Salesman. Hoffman Specialty Co.. 512 5th Ave., and (for mail) 75 W. 92nd St., New York. N. Y. KAMMAN, Amolel R. (Junior 1921), Engr..'John W. Danforth Co., 72 EHicott St., and (for mail) 441 Massachusetts Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y. ' KANN, Louis J. (1919), Sixth City Sheet Metal Iron Works. 1830 St. Clair Ave., and 705 E. 109th St., Cleveland. O. KAPLAN, Joseph (Associate 1923), Heat., Vent, and PIbg. Contr., 524 Emerson Ave., Detroit. Mich. v KAPPEL, George W. A. (1921), Secy, and Treas., (for mail) Camden Heat. Co.. 8 Market St., Camden, N. J., and 5844 Springfield Ave., Phila delphia. Pa. KARLSON, Alfred F. (1918). Ch. Engr.. (for mail) Parks-Cramer Co., 970 Main St., Fitch burg, and 8 Fairview St.. N., Leominster. Mass. KARR, Theo., Jr. (1921). 129 W. Main St.. Belle ville. 111. KAUFFMAN, Rufus (1921). Heat. Engr. and Contr.. 326 W. Seymour St., Germantown, Phila delphia. Pa. KEASBEY. Aertsen P. (1922). Vice-Pres., Robt. A. Keasbey Co.. 445 West St.. New York, N. Y., and 6 Cobb Rd.. Mountain Lakes, N. J. KEATING, Daniel J. (1921), 2042 Rittenhouse St., and S.W. Cor. 44th and Pine Sts., Phila delphia, Pa. ' KEENAN. P. Frank (1921), Salesman, McNab & Hariin Mfg. Co.. 110 William St.. New York, and, (for mail) 156 Ackroyd Ave., Jamaica. N. Y. KEENEY, Frank P. (Associate 1915), Editor, Domestic Engineering, 1900 Prairie Ave., Chi . cage. 111. KEHM, August (1901), (Board of Governors 1908; 1911; 1st Vice-Pres. 1909), Pres., Kehm Bros. Co.. 51 E. Grand Ave., Chicago. 111. KEISER, Walter (Associate 1920), Vice-Pres., (for.mail) Air Conditioning & Eng. Co.. 2914 S. Jefferson Ave., and 2822 Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. KELLOGG. Alfred (1916), (Council 1920-1921. 1923), (for mail) 89 Franklin St.. Boston, and 6 Hawthorne St., Waverley, Mass. KELLOGG, Clarence V. (Associate 1900). Pres., (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co., 419 W. 18th St., and 1338 Fargo Ave..-Chicago. 111. KELLOGG, Hosford D. (Associate 1916). Mgr.. H. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts.. Philadel phia. and Haverford. Pa. - KELLY, John G. (Associate 1919), PIbg. and Heat. Spec., 210 E. 45th St., New York,and (for mail) 55 Cornell Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. KENNEALLY, Victor J. (1919). Engr.. (for mail) V. J. Kenneally Co., 256 Dover St., Boston. Mass. KENNINCER, Albert H. (1918), Sales Engr., 4013 Woburn Ave., Cleveland. O. KERSJES, William (1922), Pres.. Wheeler Blaney Co.. 223 N. Burdick St., and (for mail) 728 Clinton Ave., Kalamazoo, Mich. KERSHAW, Melville G. (Junior 1921), Design. Engr., (for mail) Lewis. Robinson & Gant. 1303 Land Tide Bldg., and 742 N. 40th St.. Philadel phia, Pa. KEYES, Robert E. (1913), Const. Engr., (for mail) W. L. Fleisher & Co.; Inc., 31 Union Sq., W., and 135 W. Kingsbridge Rd., New York. N. Y. KIEFER, Carl J. (1922), Consulting Engr., 810-15 4th National Bank Bldg.. Cincinnati, O. KIEWITZ, Arthur A. (1912), Heat. Engr., Abram Cox Stove Co., 113 E. 34th St.. New York, and 187 Academy St., Astoria. Long Island City, N. Y. KIEWITZ, Conway (1907). Engr., N. Y. Bd. of Education, Flatbush Ave.. and Concord St., Brooklyn, and Floral Park, New York, N. Y. KILLIAN, Maurice A. (1922), Glanz & Killian Co., 427 Atwater St., E.. Detroit, Mich. KIMBALL, Charles W. (1915). (Council 1918). Richard D. Kimball Co., 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. KIMBALL, Dwight D.* (1908). (Board of Gover nors 1912,1913; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1914; Pres. 1915; Council 1916). Richard D. Kimball Co.. 15 W. 38th St.. New York, N. Y. KIMBROUGH, Hal. C. (1914). Dist. Mgr., (for mail) American District Steam .Coj, 712 First National Bank Bldg.. Chicago, and Hotel v Windermere, Hyde Park, III. KINEALY, John H.* (Charter Member), 1st Vice- Pres. 1898; Pres; 1901; Board of Governors 1902). Consulting Engr., 503 Granite Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. KING, Charles T. (1920). (for mail) Charles T. King & Co., 523 N. Charles St., and 2802 Gar rison Ave., Baltimore. Md. KING, Thomson (1923). Sales Mgr.. Gas Boiler Dept., Peerless Heater Co., 5602 Baum Blvd.. Pittsburgh, Pa. KINGSBURY, William M. (1913). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. (for mail) 705 Rose Bldg., Cleve land, O. * KIPE, J. Morgan (1919). Philadelphia Mgr.. Standard Heater Co.. 609 Otis Bldg., and Home stead and Beck Aves.. Beechwood Park, Phila delphia, Pa. KIRBY, William C. (1918), Contracting Engr.. Grinnell Co., N.. Charlotte, and (for mail) 2118 E. 7th St., Charlotte, N. C. KIRK, Charles D. (1909). Chas. D. Kirk Co.. ' Box 1042, Winnipeg. Man. KIRK, George H. (1906). Engr. and Contr.. 6711 Wentworth Ave.. Chicago. III. K1SS1CK, J. J. (1918). Supt. of Bldgs., Board of Education, E. 6th and Rockwell Ave., and 1768 Wayside Rd., Cleveland. O. KITAURA, Shigeyukl (1918). Mech. Engr.. Monopoly Bureau, Dept, of Finance, Tokyo. Japan. KITCHEN, Francis A. (Junior 1923). John H. Kitchen Co., 302 Delmain Bldg., and 1315 Val entine Rd., Kansas City. Mo. KITCHEN, John H. (1906); Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) John H. Kitchen & Co.. 302 Delmain Bldg., and 3759 Washington St., Kansas City, Mo. 376 Roll of Membership KLAUS, Louis J. (Junior 1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Thompson-Starrett Co., 245 Hunters Point Ave., Long Island City, and Farmingdale. L. I.. N. Y. KLAUS, Morris (Junior 1915), Michigan Chan delier Co.. 42 Broadway, and (for mail) 5814 Iroquois Ave., Detroit, Mich. KLEIN, Dr. Albert R. (1920), Panoramastrasse 23, Stuttgart, Germany. KLEIN. Edward W. (1917), S.E. Dist. Mgr., War ren Webster & Co., 1318 Atlantic Trust Co. Bldg., and 227 Myrtle St., Atlanta. Ga. KLEIN, Walter A. (1919). Mgr., Heat. Dept. Thos. J. Sheehan Co., 2233 Olive St., and 3703 Washington Ave., St. Louis. Mo. KL1E, Walter (1915), Pres., (for mail) Smith & Oby Co.. 6107 Carnegie Ave., and 1849 Cadwell Ave., Cleveland. O. KLINE, George W,, Jr. (1921), Kline & Co.. 1222 Callowhill St., and (for mail) 634 N. 17th St.. Philadelnhia, Pa. KLINE, Walter J. (1912). Sales Engr., (for mail) American Dist. Steam Co., North Tonawanda. and 186 Pine St.. Lockport, N. Y. KLONOWER, Arthur A. (1920), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr., M. A. Dame & Son, 27 Haymarket Sq.. Boston, Mass. KNIGHT, Alvin B. (Associate 1916), Warren Webster & Co., 2123 Dime Bank Bldg., and 8818 De*ter Blvd., Detroit. Mich. KNOWLES, Arthur F. (Associate 1914), Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co., 202 Franklin St., New York, N. Y., and 135 Hadden PL, Upper Montclair, N. J. KNOWLES. Charles H. (1920), Technical Serv ice, 210 Gazette Bldg., Champaign, and 709 W. Main St., Urbana, 111. KNOWLTON, Donald W. (Junior 1922). Sales man. H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts.. Phila delphia. Pa., and 215 Garfield Ave., Palmyra, N. Y. KOCH, Harry O. (1916), Gen. Supt., American Heat. & Vent. Co., 804 Times Dispatch Bldg., Richmond, Va. KOEHLER. GeonleT. (1923), Sales Engr.. Rich mond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway, New York, N. Y.. and (for mail) 1111 Market St., Harris burg. Pa. KOEHLER, Julius B. (1920), Vice-Pres., Monitor Stove Co.; Woodrow St., and (for mail) Elmhurst PL. Cincinnati, O. KOENIG, Arnold C. (1919), Consulting Engr., Koenig. Hollister & Co., 401 Bankers Life Bldg., Lincoln. Nebr. KOHLBRY, Edward G. (1920), Pres., (for mail) Kohlbry-Howlett Co.. 63 W. Ontario St., Chicago, and 1144 Chestnut Ave., Wilmette. 111. KOITHAN, William S. (1913), Sales Engr.. Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cortlandt St., New York. N. Y. KORN, Chas. B. (1922), Supt. and Engr., Hersh Bros. Co.. 645 Mill St., and (for mail) 1022 S. 8th St.. Allentown, Pa. KOTTCAMP, Horace A. (1915), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., (for mail) Chambersburg Construction Co., Box 305, and 539 E. King St., Chambersburg, Pa. KRESSLY, Maurice E. (1922). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Bureau of School Bldgs., Dept, of Pub. Instruction, and (for mail) 1941 Lenox St., Har risburg, Pa. KRETZ, William G. (1921), Pres.. Caloric Fur nace Co.. 1408 Arrott Bldg.. Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 651 Evergreen Ave., Millvale, Pa. KRIEBEL, Arthur E. (1920). Sales Engr., Vapor- Vacuum Heat. Co., 206 Otis Bldg., 16th and Sansom Sts., Philadelphia, and Berwyn, Chester Co.. Pa. KRIEBEL, John H. (Associate 1921), Heat. Engr.. Bridgman Co., 120 N. 30th St., and (for mail) 1638 N. 59th St., Philadelphia. Pa. KRIES, Henry A. (1901), Pies., (for mail) Henry A. Kries & Sons Co., 6 W. Lombard St., Balti more. and Catonsville, Md. KRUEGER, Jas. I. (1921), Mech., Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Repr., Illinois Eng. Co.. 559 Pacific Bldg., and 775 Post Ave., San Francisco, Cal. KUDER, Paul M. (Junior 1915). Pres., (for mail) General Heat. & Vent. Co.. 198 Milwaukee St,, and 675 Astor St., Milwaukee, Wis. KURKE, William F. (1922). Engr.. (for mail) 211 Equity Bldg., and 820 12th St., Fargo. N. D. L LA BUNDY, Bert A. (Associate 1919), Heat. Engr., 2577 Oxford St., Memphis, Tenn. LA FOLLETTE, Byron E. (1916), (for mail) The Tarpenning-La Follette Co., Engrs.. and Sheet Metal Contrs., 1030 Canal St., and 230 E. 47th St.. Indianapolis, Ind. LAGODZINSKI, Harry J. (Junior 1920), Drafts man. Ilg Elec. Vent. Co., 2850 N. Crawford Ave.. and (for mail) 3628 N. Tripp Ave.. Chicago. I1L LAMB, Foster W. (1906), F. W. Lamb Co.. 24 E. Kinzie St., Chicago. 111. LANDON, Archer A. (1920), Vice-Pres., American Radiator Co., Buffalo, N. -Y. LANE, Alfred M. (1916), Pres., (for mail) Mon arch Metal Products Co., 5020 Penrose St., and 4238 Lafayette Ave.. St. Louis, Mo. LANE, Edward K. (1916), Pres, and Mgr., (for mail) Lane-Bowen Co., 647 Broadway, and 333 4th St., Lorain, O. LANGDON, Joseph D. (1920), Secy, and Treas.. (for mail) Jos. A. Langdon & Sons Co.. 2030 5th Ave.. and 340 S. Fairmount Ave.. Pittsburgh, Pa. LANGENBERG, Everett B. (1914), Secy, and Treas.. Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co.. 4525 N. Euclid Ave., and 7017 Kingsbury PL, St. Louis, Mo. LAPERLE. Lorenzo G. (1923). Asst. Supt., George H. Drake, Inc., 218 Lexington Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. LARIMER. George B. (1915). Engr., (for mail) 1824 S. Hope St., and 6666 Selma Ave., Holly wood Sta., Los Angeles. Cal. ' LARIMER, Wm. McCoy (1922), Mgr. Heat. Dept., M. J. O'Fallon Supply Co.. 1621 15th St., and 159 W. 2nd Ave., Denver. CoL LARSON, Gustus L. (1923). Professor of Steam and Gas Eng., (for mail) University of Wisconsin, and Route 7. Madison, Wis. LAURIE, Robert J. (1917), Sales Engr.. (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co., 2030 Walnut St., and 3225 S. Benton St., Kansas City, Mo. LAUTENSCHLAGER, Fred (1915), Mgr. Heat. Dept., Brunswick-Kroeschell Co.. 460 W. Erie St., and (for mail) 3846 Alta Vista Terrace, Chicago. 111. LAVAN. P. J. (1921), Heat. Contr.. 1319 8th Ave., and 4232 Bagley Ave., Seattle, Wash. LAWRENCE, Chas. E. (1922), N. Y. Sales Mgr.. Massachusetts Blower Co., 5722 Grand Central Terminal, New York, and 52 Waldorf Court, Brooklyn. N. Y. LeBEAU, John F. (Junior 1921), Asst. Engr., (for mail) William H. Taylor & Co., 256 Hamilton St., and 148 N. 7th St., Allentown, Pa. . LeCOMPTE, William G. (Associate 1914), Sales Engr., Jenkins Bros., 80 White St., New York, N. Y.. and 57 Harrison St., East Orange, N. J. LEEK, Walter (1903), Leek & Co., 1090 Homer St.. Vancouver. B. C. . . LEES. Chas. C. (Associate 1922), Salesman, Standard Heater Co.. 609 Otis Bldg., and-(for mail) 4817 Warrington Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. LEES, Herbert K. (Junior 1912), Estimator. Wil liam Lees, 548 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, LEILICH, Roger L. (1922), Vice-Pres. and Mgr.. Baltimore Heat. Corp., 425 SL Paul PL, and 2810 Elsinor Ave., Baltimore. Md. LEITCH, Arthur S. (1908). (Secretary Ontario- Chapter), Mgr. Toronto Office, Sheldons Ltd., 1002 Kent Bldg., and 444 Walmer Rd., Toronto, Ont. LELAND, William E. (1915), Consulting Engr., 58 Sutter St., San Francisco, Cal. LENNOX, Frederick J. (1912), Heat. Engr., 6- Grove St., Elmwood, Conn. LENONE, Jose M. (1919), 5109 Cornell Ave.. Chicago. 111. 377 Roll of Membership LEONHARD, Frederick (1921), Sales Engr. and Mgr.. Jas. P. Marsh & Co:, 536 E. 123rd St,, Cleveland, O ,_ LEWIS. George C. (1919), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr., (for mail) Solar Eng. Corp.. 200 N. 15th LOMASNEY, Edward J. (1916), (Secy- Wis-. consin Chapter), Consulting Heat. Engr- 456 Broadway, and 663 Cass St- Milwaukee, Wis. LONG, John (1916), Pres, and Mech. Engr.. (for mail) S. Faith Co- Inc., 2427 Pennsylvania Ave- St., Philadelphia, and 812 Summit Grove Ave.t and 8283 W. Chester Pike. Philadelphia. Pa. Bryn Mawr, Pa. , LONG, John, Jr. (1919), Mech. Engr., 5425 Dia LEWIS, J. Clifford (1913). Lewis & Warren, 1001 mond St- Philadelphia. Pa. Realty Bldg., and 2505 Oak St., Louisville, Ky. LONGENECKER, Howard J. (1917). Pres, and LEWIS, L. Logan (1918), Secy., (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark Gen. Mgr- (for mail) York Heat. & Vent. CoBridgeport. Montgomery Co., and 1009 DeKalb and 724 Carlton Ave., Plainfield, N. J. LEWIS, Samuel R.* (1905), (Board of Governors 1909; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1910; Board of Governors 1912; Pres. 1914; Council 1915), Lewis & Capron Co.. 910 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111LEWIS, Thornton (1919), (Council 1923, Pres. St- Norristown, Pa. LONGWELL, Henry E. (1919). Vice-Pres- (for mail), Pierce, Butler and Pierce Mfg. CorpEastwood, and 407 Graves St- Syracuse, N. Y. LORD, Frank Russell (1922), Mgr. Heat. DeptWalworth Mfg. Co- 245 Arch St- Philadelphia. Philadelphia Chapter). Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr., (for mail) York Heat, and Vent. Co.. 1502 Locust St., Philadelphia, and Merion Sta., Pa. Pa., and Delanco, N. J. LOUGHERY, George B. (1919). (for mail) 221 N. Camac St., and 112 W. Johnson St., German LIBBY, Lawrence R. (1900), Pres; and TreasLibby & Blinn, Inc., 135 Sheldon St., and 629 New Britain Ave., Hartford, Conn. LICHTY, Charles P. (1920). Heat. Engr., (for town, Philadelphia, Pa. LOUGHLIN, Frank J. (1918), Engr. and Esti mator, Baker, Smith & Co- 576 Greenwich St and 135 E. 119th St- New York, N. Y. mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 2121H 1st Ave., and LOVE, Clarence H. (1919), Mfgr. Agent. Nash 1011 Tuscaloosa Ave., Birmingham. Ala. Eng. Co., 840 Ellicott Sq., and (for mail) 297 LIDE, Martin J. (1911). Consulting and Con structing Engr., (for mail) 1009 Woodward Bldg., and 1920 16th Ave., S. Birmingham, Ala. . LIND, Clarence C. (Junior 1921), C. C. Lind Heat. Eng. & Conr.. 314 Pine St., and (tor mail) 1169 Vanhook St., Camden, N. J. LINDEMAN, Relnhold F. (1916). Mgr. Vent. Dept., Robt. Garden. Inc., 1355 W. Washington Blvd., and (for mail) 2642 Eastwood Ave.. Chicago, 111. ,. LINER, John J. (Associate 1916), Pres.. Philadel phia Asbestos Co., 422-26 Callowhill St., Phila- phia. Pa., and 539 Trenton Ave., Camden, N. J. LINHARD, Howard V. (Associate 1921), Dist. Parkdale Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. LOVELACE, James A. (1920). R. L. Spitzley Heat. Co- 246 Lamed St- W- Detroit, Mich. LOWNSBERY, Benjamin F. (1920). Heat. Engr- Benjamin F. Shaw Co- 2nd and Lombard Sts... . and 21 S. Sycamore St., Wilmington, Del. LUCE, George D- Jr. (1919). Asst. Mech. Engr- 1417 Railway Exchange Bldg., and (for mail) 3633 N. Harding Ave- Chicago, III. . LUCK, Alexander W.* (1919), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., (for mail) Reading Heater & Supply Co Church and Woodward Sts- Reading, Pa. LUNN, W. R. (1921), Ch. Engr., Austin-Gorham- Mcllvaine Co- 1816 Ludlow St- Philadelphia, Mgr., Utica Heater Co., 1265 Griswold St., and (for mail) 7238 Webb Ave.. Detroit, Mich. . LINN, Homer R. (1917), Industrial Engr., Amen and Spruce and Hamel Ave- N. Glenside, Pa.. LUTTS, Conrad West (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Hersh Bros. Co., 645 Mill St- and (for . ' can Radiator Co., 816 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, and (for mail) 321 S. Ashland Ave., La Grange. mail) 1023 S. 7th St- Allentown. Pa. LYLE, Ernest T. (1919), Engr., (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp- 176 Federal St., and The Braemore, LIPKEMAN, Henry (1915), Mgr.. Peerless Heater Co.. 1476 Broadway, New York, N. Y. LIPPE, Ernest V. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. 466 Commonwealth Ave- Boston, Mass. ' LYLE, J. Irvine* (1911), (Pres. 1917; Council 1918), Treas- Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Freling Haines Co., 1933 W. Lake St., and (for mail) 4521 N. Rockwell St.f Chicago, 111. ,,, LIPPMAN, Orville S. (Associate 1920), Sales Mgr., The Kellogg-Mackay Co.. 419 W. 18th St., and 7251 Princeton Ave.. Chicago. 111. huysen Ave., Newark, and 1200 W. 7th St-. Plainfield, N. J. LYND, Roy E.* (Junior 1908; 1910). Pres.. Kensington-Davis Corp- 144 Kensington Ave., and 373 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. LISSAUER, Adolph W.* (1918), Vice-Pres.. (for mail) W. L. Fleisher & Co.. Inc., 31 Union Sq.. Me W,, New York, and Philipse Manor, N. Tarrytown, N. Y. . ,, _ LITTLE, C. W. (1921), Dept. Mgr., Gnnnell Co McCAFFREY, H. Grattan (1922), Ch. Engr.. Sheldons, Ltd., W. Main St- S.. Galt, Ont. lne., 413 Capitol Theatre Bldg., and 489 Eastlawn Ave., Detroit, Mich. LITTLE, Edwin R. (1916). Consulting Engr.. McCANN, Frank G. (1903), Ch. of Heat, and and Vent. Div- (for mail), Dept, of Education.. Concord St. and Flatbush Ave., Brooklyn, and E. R. Little Co.. Inc., 1918-1920 Ford Bldg- and 1463 Lawrence Ave., Detroit. Mich. LOCKE, Hiram W. (1920), Heat. Engr. and Sheet Metalworker. 1942 N. 20th St- Philadelphia, Pa. LOCKER, Charles W. (1916), Mgr- (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., R. 202 . 3000 Grand River Ave- Detroit, and R. F. D. 2, Farmington, Mich. LOCKETT, John W. (1922), Mgr., (for mail) Fitzeibbon Boiler Co., Oswego, N. Y. LOCKHART, George L. (1919). Archt- 1353-55 University Ave., St. Paul, Minn. LOCKWOOD, Edwin H.* (1915). Asst. Prof. Mech. Eng- Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, 51 Sheldon Terrace, New Haven. 292 W. 92nd St., New York. N. Y. McCarthy, Charles J. (1919), Contr., 4511. Lancaster Ave- and (for mail) 533 S. 55th St- Philadelphia, Pa. McCarthy, Thos. (1921). Heat. Contr- (for mail) McCarthy & Crandall Plbg. and Heat. Co., 529 Cascade Ave., and 444 W. Yampa St-- Colo rado Springs, Colo. McCAULEY, James H- Jr. (1921), Estimator, W. J. Gemeny Co- 1050 W. Randolph St- and (for mail) 3831 Lexington St- Chicago, 111. McCLELLAN, James E. (1922). Mgr. Denver Office, (for mail) American Blower Co- 523 Boston Bldg., and 1060 Emerson St- Apt. No. 5, Denver, Colo. LOEFFLER, Frank X. (1914), F. Loeffler Supply Co- 320 W. 26th St- Oklahoma City. Okla. LOEHR, J. R. (Associate 1921), Special Repr., D. & T. Mfg. Co- 3001 LaSalle St- 610 Wrigley Bldg., and 4553 Sheridan Rd- Chicago. 111. LOHMAN, William J. (Associate 1922), Ozone Pure Airifier Co- 1455 W. Congress St- Chicago, III- and (for mail) 3849 Cleveland Ave- St- Louis, Mo. MeCLINTOCK, Alexander, Sr. (1917). A. McClintock & Sons, 1937 Ridge Ave- and 121 Rochelle Ave- Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. MeCLINTOCK. Alexander, Jr. (Junior 1920), Heat. Engr., (for mail) 1937 Ridge Ave- and 121 Rochelle Ave., Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. MeCLINTOCK, John L. (1917). Heat. Engr-. 1937 Ridge Ave- and 121 Rochelle Ave- Wis sahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. . 378 Roll of Membership McCLYMONT, Bryce W. (Associate 1920), Asst. Secy- (for mail) Penberthy Injector Co- 360 Holden Ave- and 905 Virginia Park, Detroit, Mich. McCOLL, Jay R.* (1916), 2nd Vice-Pres. 1920; 1st Vice-Pres. 1921; Pres. 1922; Council 1923) Dean of Eng- University of Detroit, and Con sulting Engr., McColl, Snyder & McLean. 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and 825 Chicago Blvd- Detroit, Mich. McCONNER, Charles R. (Junior 1922), Mgr. Industrial Dept- (for mail) Clarage Fan Co- 111 W. Washington St- and 754 Bittersweet PI.,' Chicago, 111. McCORMICK, Edward T. (Associate 1923), Br. Mgr- Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.,'600 2nd. Ave- Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 2210 S. Hobson St.. Philadelphia, Pa. McCREA, Lester W. (1920), (for mail) Jas. McCrea & Son, 19 N. Carrollton Ave- and 564 University Apt- University Parkway, Baltimore, Md. McCREERY, Hugh Joseph (1922), Dist. Mgr- Canadian Sirocco Co- Ltd., 24 King St- W and 29 Gormley Ave- Toronto, Ont. McCULLEY, David E. (Associate 1917), Pres, and Treas- (for mail) D. E. McCulley Co- 1820 St. Mary's Ave- and 5104 Cuming St- Omaha, Neb. McCUNE, Lawrence V. (Associate 1920), Sales man, (for mail) Jenkins Bros., 207 Fulton Bldg- and 7 Riverview Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. MCDONALD, John C. (1920), Br. Mgr- U. S. Radiator Corp., R. 517, Dime Savings Bank Bldg- Detroit, Mich. McELWEE, Hugh J- Jr. (1920), 2029 E. Hunt ington St- Philadelphia, Pa. ` McEVOY, William J. (1917), Western Mgr., Buckeye Blower Co- 324 Monadnock Block, and (for mail) 6718 Lakewood Ave- Chicago, 111. McGINNESS. J. E. (1903), Pres- McGinness Co- 527 1st Ave- and 142 Bellefield Ave., Pitts burgh. Pa. McGLENN, G. Raymond (1915),. American Warming & Vent. Co- 175 Falck St- and (for mail) 218 Lorinore St- Elmira, N. Y. McGOWAN, Thomas F. (1921), Heat, and Contr. Engr- 2832 Girard Ave- Philadelphia, Ph. McGREGOR, George H. (1920), Mgr- Western Heat. Co., 815 S. Claremont Ave- and 652 Waveland Ave- Chicago, 111. McGUIGAN, L. A. (Associate 1919), Salesman, National Radiator Co., 215 Wood St- and 724 Hastings St- Pittsburgh. Pa. ' McHENRY, Robert W. M. (1921). Asst. Engr., M. F. Thomas. 229 College St- and (for- mail) 236 Eglinton Ave- E- Toronto, Ont. McINTIRE, James F. (Associate 1914; 1915). Ch. Engr- (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River Ave- and 2061 Taylor Ave., De troit, Mich. .McINTOSH, Fabian C. (Junior 1917. 1921), Br. Mgr- (for mail) Johnson Service Co..-2504 Cen tury Bldg- and 204 Stratford Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. McINTYRE, William N. (1917), Ch. Engr. and Gen. Supt- A. Holtman Heat. Co- 1927 Mont- gall, Kansas City, Mo. .. McKEIGHAN, Edward E. (1920), Engr. and Mgr- Eng. Sales Co- 1314 McGee St- and 3130 Olive St- Kansas City, Mo. McKENNA, William N. (1912), Treas.. Wra. N. McKenna Co., 79 Chestnut St., and 99 Revere St- Boston, Mass. McKERNAN, John C., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales Engr., Monitor Bi-Loop Radiator Co., 408 Finance Bldg., and (for mail) 1838 N. Croskey St- Philadelphia. Pa. McKIEVER, William H.* (Junior 1896; 1897), Consulting and Contr. Engr- 247 W. 13th St- New York, and 479 8th Ave- Brooklyn. N. Y. McKINNON, Duncan (1923), Heat. Contr- Box 759, Elmhurst, 111. . McLAIN, Roland D. (1921), Heat. Engr- 238 West St- and (for mail) 335 Curtin St-So., Wil liamsport; Pa. McLEAN, Dermid (1917), McColl, Snyder & McLean, Consulting Engrs- 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and 5140 Ridgewood Ave., Detroit, Mich McLELLAND, H. Burton (Associate 1912). Jenkins Bros., 646 W. Washington Blvd- Chicago, 111. McMILLAN, Luther B.* (1918), Consulting Engr- Johns-Manville, Inc- Madison Ave. and 41st St., New York, and Larchmont, N. Y. McMORRAN, Francis J. (1917), American Blower Co- 1221 Boatman's Bank Bldg- St. Louis, Mo. McMURRAY, John (1920). Pres- Iron City Heat. Co- 843 Jackson St., N.S., Pittsburgh, Pa. McNAIR, Edward E. (1905), (Council 1921 1922; 2nd Vice Pres. 1923); Vice-Pres- (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., .133 E. Grand River Ave- and Detroit Athletic Club, Detroit, Mich. McNEAL, William R. (1921), Supt- Bldgs, and Grounds. Seattle School District, 810 Dexter Ave- and (for mail) 4110 Densmore Ave- Seattle, Wash. McPHERSON, Charles J. (1903). W. G. Mc Pherson Co- 19th and Wilson Sts., Portland, Ore. McQUILLAN, James A. (1919). Heat, and Sani tary Engr. and Estimator, McQuillan Bros., 415 Selby Ave- St. Paul. Minn. '' McSORLEY, Clarence M. (1916). Mgr- L. J. Mueller Furnace Co., 426 Jefferson Ave- E- and 1970 Gladstone Ave., Detroit, Mich. McVEHIL, Earl W. (1923); Mgr- McVehil Plbg: Co., 40 E. Wheeling St., Washington, Pa. M MacDONALD, J. W. (1920). Mech; Engr., Parks- Kramer Co- 1102 Old South Bldg., Boston, and (for mail) 119 Brooks St- Brighton. Mass. MacDOUGALL, Burgess W. (1923), Heat. Engr., W. G. Royer, 510 Stuyvesant Ave., and (for mail) 134 Hoffman Ave- Trenton, N. J. MACK, John A. (1921). Heat. Engr., (for mail) 207 Main St- and 209 Church St- Greenwood, Miss. MACKENSEN, Wm. H. (1923), Estimator and Designer, Huffman-Wolfe Co.. 669 N. High St.', Columbus. O. MACKENZIE, George A. (1913), Western Foundry & Metal Co.. 3830 7th St- S.W., Elbow Park. Calgary, Alberta. . MACKIE, James (1917), Pres, and Mgr- James Mackie Co- Ltd- 357 Langside St- and 254 Montrose St- Winnipeg, Man. MacKINNON, C. W. (1920), 348 Thacher St- Milton, Mass. MACON, William W.* (1908), (Secretary 1911. 1912; Board of Governors 1913; Council 1914)'. Editor (for mail) "Iron Age," 239 W. 39th St- New York, and 711 Ave. J. Brooklyn, N. Y. MAGINN, Peter F. (1908). P. F. Maginn & Co . 207 Fulton Bldg- Pittsburgh, Pa. MAHADY, Thomas C. (1918), Philadelphia Repr- International Heater Co., 1613 Filbert St- Philadclphia, and 127 Bailey Rd- Lansdowne. Pa. MAHAFFY, R. M. (1921), Mgr. Heat, and Engr. Dept- Pacific Pipe and Supply Co- 1002 Santa Fe Ave.. and 1526 W. 47th St- Los Angeles, Cal. MAIER, George M. (1921), Engr- Bronx Labora tory, American Radiator Co., E. 149th St. and Harlem Pier, New York, and Apt. 54. Pelham Court, Pelham, N. Y. . MAIXIS, William (1914), Archt. and Engr- 409 Lyon Bldg- Seattle, Wash. MALLORY, Harry C. (1903). 32 W. 40th St- New York, N. Y. MANDEVILLE, Edgar W. (1914), Treas- E. W. Mandeville, Inc- 655 Rogers Ave., and (for mail) 1171 E. 37th St,, Brooklyn, N. Y. MANNING, A. J. (1921), 156 W. Peachtree St-r Atlanta, Ga. MANSELL, P.-C. (1921). Vice-Pres., (for mail) Purdy-Mansell, Ltd., 63 Albert St- and 26 . Grassmere Rd- Toronto, Can. MANSFIELD, F. A. (Associate 1920). Dist. Mgr.\ The Louis Allis Co- 1213 Bessemer Bldg- and 600 Shady Ave- Pittsburgh. Pa. 379 Roll of Membership MAPPETT, A. S. (Charter Member), Treas.,. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co., 521 Bulletin Bldg.. . Philadelphia. Pa. . MARCH, Ralph C. (1919), Asst. Engr.. Public Service Co. of Northern Illinois, 114 N. Oak Park Ave.. and 210 S. Kenilworth Ave., Oak Park, 111. MARINE, John Deputy (Junior 1920), Heat. , Engr.. Bourse Bldg., and 1937 Church Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. MARSHALL, H. Hall (1923). Consulting Engr.. 370 Lexington Ave., New York, and (for mail) 63 Pine St.. Garden City. N. Y. MARTENIS, John V. (1918). Associate Prof, of Mech. Eng.. Mech. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Min nesota. and (for mail) 131 Orlin Ave., S.E., Min - neapotis, Minn. MARTIN, Albert B. (1917), Dist. Sales Mgr., (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co., 822 W. Washington Blvd.. Chicago, and 997 Vine St.. Winnetka, III. MARTIN, George W. (1911), Pres., (for mail) New York Service Co., 141 E. 29th St., New York, N. Y., and 314 Prospect St., Ridgewood, N. J. MARTIN, J. Howard (1923). Estimator, Austin Eng. Co., 121 W. 42nd St., New York, and (for mail) 59 Fletcher Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. MARTY, Edgar O. (1916), Mech. and Elec. Engr., Bacteriological Laboratories of G. H. Sherman. M.D., 14600 E. Jefferson Ave., and (for mail) 517 Ashland Ave., Detroit, Mich. MASON, James J. (1918). (Pres., Ohio Chapter). Dist. Sales Mgr., Utica Heater Co.. 707 Union Bldg., Euclid Ave.. and (for mail) 1325 E. 141st St., Cleveland. O. MASON, Orion Augustus (Associate 1922). Br. Mgr., (for mail) Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 312 Congress St.. Boston, and 686 Web ster St., Needham, Mass. MATHEY, Nicholas J. (1915), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Mathey Plbg. Co., 17 3rd Ave., N.E., Lemars, la. MATHIS. Eugene (1922). Secy, and Treas.. A. Mathis & Son, Inc.. 3151 Shields Ave., and 9151 S. Hoyne Ave.. Chicago, HI. MATHIS, Henry (1921), New York Blower Co.. 2248 S. Halsted St., and (for mail) 143 W. 71st St., Chicago, ill. MATHIS, Julien W. (Associate 1921). Pres., New York Blower Co., 2248 S. Halsted St., and (for mail) 6613 Eberhart Ave.. Chicago. 111. MATTHEWS, John K. (1923). Morgan Heat. & Plbg. Co., Box 843, Charleston, W. Va. MATZEN. Harry B. (1919), Sales Engr.. Carrier Eng. Corp., 2169 Transportation Bldg., Chicago, ana Park Ridge, IU. - MAUER, William J. (1919). Sales Engr.. Dwyer Equipment Co., 4534 W. North Ave., Chicago, and (for mail) 2624 Central St., Evanston, 111. MAURER, Edward D. (1921), Maurer Bro3 Co.. 8600 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, and (for mail) 1527 Maronoc, Lakewood, O. MAY, Edwin A. (1906), 171 N. Kenilworth Ave., Oak Park, IU. . MAYER, Robert J. (Junior 1915; 1915). Mayer. Valentine & Cameron, R. 204, Erie Bldg., and 3355 W. 95th St.. Cleveland. O. MAYER, Robert S. (1911). Br. Sales Mgr., (for mail) Chicago Pump Co., 319 Plymouth Bldg., and 9327 Amesbury Ave., Cleveland, O. MEAGHER, John F. (Associate 1921), Mgr., (for mail) General Boilers Co.. 608 Fullerton Bldg., and 4716 McPherson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. MEDENWALD, Arthur L. (1918), Draftsman, P. O. Box 278, San Pedro, Cal. MEDWAY, Fred J. (Associate 1919). Mgr.. Johns- Manville. Inc., Madison Ave. and 41st St., New York, N. Y., and 803 Boulevard. E., Weehawken. N. J. MEHAFFY, William Chambers (1922), Engr.. Chambersburg Const. Co., Chambersburg, Pa. MEHRING, George (Charter Member), (Board of Governors 1903). Pres., Mehring & Hanson Co., 118 N. Franklin St., Chicago. 111. MEIER, Konrad* (1916), Consulting Engr., Tachlisbrunnen Str., 12, Winterthur, Switzer land. " MELLON, James T. J. (1911), (Council 1915). Walters. Purks & Mellon, 4419 Ludlow St., Phil adelphia. Pa. - MENK, Rudolph W. (1919), Mgr., Furnace Dept.. Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., 118 S. Clinton St.. Chicago, and (for mail) 118 Buell Ave., Joliet, 111. MENS1NG, Frederick D. (1920), Consulting Engr., Mensing & Co., (for mail) 928 Presser Bldg., and 2845 Frankfort Ave.. Philadelphia, Pa. MERRILL, Carle J. (1919), Treas. and Mgr., (for mail) C. J. Merrill, Inc.. 85 Kennebec St., and 79 Clinton St.. Portland. Me. MERRITT, James H. (1906), Pres., (for mail) Jas. H. Merritt Co.. 207 Water St., New York, N. Y.. and Bound Brook, N. J. MERRY, Fred D. (1917). Amer. Warm. & Vent. Co.. 1017 Summit St.. Toledo, O. MERTZ, Walter A. (1919), Secy., Kehtn Bros. Co., 51 E. Grand Ave., and 3753 N. Keeler Ave-. Chicago. 111. MERVINE, Thos. R. (1922), Mervine Bros.', 208 S. 7th St., and (for mail) 5852 N. 5th St., Phila delphia, Pa. MEYER, Henry C., Jr. (1898). (Council 1915. 1916), Consulting Engr.. 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. MEYER, Hans J. (1919). (CouncU 1922). Pres.. Chas. L. Pillsbury Co., 1200 2nd Ave., S.. and 2736 Hennipin Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. MEYER, John S. (1920), Mgr., L. J. Mueller Furnace Co., 60 E. Lake St., Chicago, IU. MEYER, John W. Jr. (1921). Engr., American Blower Co.. 6004 Russell St.. Detroit, Mich., and 410 18th St., W. New York, N. J. MEYER, Paul F. (Associate 1920), Supt., Geo. J*. Meyer & Son, 3223 Kennett Sq., and (for maU) 6714 McPherson Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. MEYRING. Archer S. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Br. Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co., 600-4 Citizens National Bank Bldg., and 317 33rd St., Cheyenne. Wyo. MICHAEL, J. Paul (1920), Ch. Engr., Stanton Heater Co., Sheets St., Martins Ferry. O. MICHAEL, L. A. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. (for mail) 507 Bank Block, and 2264 Holly St.. Denver. Col. . MILES, James C. (1914), Sales Engr.. American Warming & Vent. Co.. 1869 E. 55th St., and Cleveland Athletic Club. Cleveland. O. MILLER, Charles A. (Associate 1917), Salesman (for mail) H. B. Smith Co.. 10 E. 39th St., and 2178 University Ave., New York, N. Y. MILLER, Charles W. (Junior 1908; 1919). (Pres.. Wisconsin Chapter), Sales Engr.. Herman Nelson Corp., 209 Grand Ave.. and 383 24th Ave.. MUwaukee, Wis. MILLER, Floyd A. (1911). Inspectorof Mech.and Elec. Eng., 477 Federal Bldg.. Chicago. IU. MILLER, Harry M. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., 628 Merchants & Mfgrs. Bank Bldg., and 1290 Stowell Ave.. Milwaukee, Wis. MILLER, Harvey N. (1921), Mgr., (for mail) Peerless Plbg. and Heat. Co.. 1010 Main St., and 1010H Main St., Mt. Vernon, 111. MILLER, James E. (Junior 1912; 1914), Vice- Pres.. (for mail) C. wT Johnson. Inc., 644 Wash ington Blvd., Chicago, and 2210 Colfax St.. Evanston. IU. MILLER, John F. G. (1916). Vice-Pres. and Treas.. American Blower Co.. 6004 Russell St., Detroit. Mich. MILLER. M. E. (1921). Ch. Mech. Engr., Con struction Service Q. M. C., R. 1315, Muni tions Bldg., 20th and B Sts., and .5514 8th St., N.W.. Washington, D. C. MILLER, Robert B. (1922), Pres., Miller & Brady, Inc., 210 E. 38th St.. New York, and 903 Manor Ave., Woodhaven, L. I.. N. Y. MILLER, Tolbert G. (Junior 1921). Piping Engr.. Pennsylvania R. R. and (for mail) 429 Kelker St., Harrisburg. Pa. MILLER, WUliam C. (1918), Freed Heater Co.. Collegeville. Pa. MILLER, W. Lloyd (Associate 1913; 1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. 539 Main St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 380 i Roll of Membership MILLIGAN, Rockwell M. (1919). Commissioner of School Bldgs., Bd. of Education, St. Louis, Mo. MILLIS, Linn W * (1918). Secy, and Treas., Se curity Stove & Mfg. Co.. 17th and Oakland Sts., and (for mail) 3534 Wabash Ave., Kansas City. Mo. MILWARD, Robert K. (Associate 1920), Br. Mgr., U. S. Radiator Corp., 4004 Duncan Ave., St. Louis, and 434 Lee Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. MINNICH, Harry S. (1921), Sales Engr., Rich mond Radiator Co., (for mail) 4526 Walnut St.. Philadelphia. Pa. MOFFETT. William S. (1907), Consulting and Constructing Engr., Staunton, Va. . MOLBY, Edgar C.* (1915), Vice-Pres. and Sales Mgr., Molby Boiler Co.. Inc.. 41 E. 42nd St., R. 1800, New York, and 5 Devon PI., Forest Hills. L. I.. N. Y. MOLO, Harold E. (1922), Mgr., (for mail) Line- han & Molo. 472 Main St., and 305 W. Locust St., Dubuque, Iowa. MONAGHAN, Thomas H. (1914). Pres.. Robert Gordon, Inc., 1353 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago. 111. MONDAY. Charles E. (1920), (for mail) Chas. E. Monday Co.. 1320 Olive St., Philadelphia. Pa., and 15 N. Chelsea Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. MONIN, E. H. (1923). E. H. Monin, Inc., 70 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. MONROE, Lewis O. (Junior 1917), Clarage Fan Co., Kalamazoo. Mich. MOODY, Lawrence E. (1919), Engr., (for maU) Isaac H. Francis. 1306 Otis Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 237 Jefferson Ave.. Haddonfield, N. J. MOON, L. Walter (1915), Heat. Engr., Bradley Heat. Co., 3834 Olive St.. St. Louis, Mo. MOORE, H. Lee (1919), Dist. Mgr., Buffalo Forge Co., 917 Union Arcade. Pittsburgh, Pa. MOORE, James A. (Junior 1920), 825 Morris St.. Philadelphia, Pa. MOORE, Josiah C. (1921), Consulting Mech. ' Engr., Aero Alarm Co., 725 Central Bldg., and .(for mail) 2409 E. Prospect St.. Seattle. Wash. MOORMAN, Theodore A. (Associate 1921), De signer and Estimator, N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co.. 10th and Chestnut Sts., and (for mail) 2303 University St.. St. Louis. Mo. MOORMAN, WUliam G. (1920), Dist. Mgr.. Sarco Co.. Inc.. 325 Ellicott Sq., Buffalo, N. Y. MORAN, Francis N. (1916), Augusta Plbg. and Heat. Co., 128 W. Main St., Staunton, Va. MORAN. Frank E. (1922), Pres., Ben Rigby. Inc.. 551 W. Lake St., Chicago, and 543 S. Lombard Ave., Oak Park, 111. MORGAN, C. Stanley (Associate 1919), (for mail) 429 Wayne St., and 14595 Harbor Ave., Detroit. Mich. MORGAN, Francis H. (1912), Heat, and Vent. Engr., 66 Munroe St., Lynn, Mass. MORGAN, Glenn C. (1911), Vice-Pres. and Secy., (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co., 501 S. 6th St., and 1219 W. 24th St., Minneapolis, Minn. MORGAN, J. Scott (Associate 1922). Mgr., Morgan Bros.. 7227 Tioga St., and .7031 Hamil ton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. . -v. MORGAN, Richard H. (1918), Heat. Engr.. (forv mail) The Chappel-Warren Co., 1830 St. Clair Ave., and 523 E. 124th St.. Cleveland. O. MORGAN, Robert C. (1915), Ch. Engr., (for mail) Stewart A. Jellett Co.. 1200 Locust St., and 314 W. Seymour St.. Philadelphia, Pa. MORGAN, Sherman H. (1918), Heat. Contr. and Engr., (for mail) 526 Randolph St., and 175 Marlborough Ave., Detroit, Mich. MORITZ, Carl J. (1921), Engr., Sodemann Heat. & Power Co.. 2306 Morgan St., and (for mail) 6923a Garner Ave., St. Louis, Mo. MORRIS, C. Raymond (1921), 55 Lexington Ave.. Passaic, and 381 20th Ave., Paterson. N. J. MORRIS, Edward A. (1919), Treas.. Merrimack Valley Supply Co., Lowell, and (for mail) 7 Sheffield West, Winchester, Mass. MORROW, Charles F. (Associate 1919), Mgr., (for mail) National Radiator Co., 215 Wood St., Pittsburgh, and Wampum, Pa. MORSE, C. T. (1921), Sales Mgr., American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., Detroit, Mich. MORTON, John (1915), Almirall & Co.. Inc.. 1 Dominick St., New York, and (for mail) 432 72nd St.. Brooklyn. N. Y. MOSER, PhiUp F. (1921). Engr., (for mail) Grin ned Co.. Inc., and 24 Homewood Ave.. Warren. O. MOSHER, Clarence H. (Associate 1919), Dist. Repr.. The Schaeffer & Budenberg Mfg. Co., and American Steam Gauge & Valve Mfg. Co., Div.. (for mail) 423 Ashland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. MOSS, Edward (1920). Supervisor Plbg. and Heat., (for mail) New York Consolidated R. R. Co., 1130 Atlantic Ave., and 231 94th St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. MOTEJL, J. A. (1917), Archt. and Engr.. (for mail) Bd. of Education, and 1121 S. 2nd St., Cedar Rapids, la. MOTT, Abram C. (1897), (Board of Managers 1898). 1329 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. MOTT, Abram C., Jr. (1921). 1st Vice-Pres.. Abram Cox Stove Co.. American and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, and (for mail) "The Woods," Lansdale, Pa. MOUAT, Thomas G. (1911), Pres., Mouat Vapor Heat. Co., 1246 W. 4th St., and 360 E. 105th St., Cleveland, O. MOULDER, Albert Wm. (1917), Ch. Engr., H. P. & I. P. Sub. Div., (for mail) Grinnell Co.. Inc., Dana and Paige Ave., and 74 Roosevelt Ave., Warren. O. MUELLER, Ben. H. (1923), Mfgrs. Agt., 1887 Railway Exchange Bldg., and 4117 Magnolia Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. MUELLER, Eugene F.* (1919), Assoc. Physicist, (for mail) Bureau of Standards, and 3914 Hunt ington St., Washington. D. C. MUELLER, Paul E. (1919), Pres., (for mail) Paul E. Mueller Co., 320 Park St., and 924 Summit Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. MUIR, George A. (1917), Engr., Muir & Brooke. 136 W. Lake St., Chicago, and 234 S. Scoville Ave., Oak Paik. IU. MULLEN, Frank J. (1921), Mgr., Heat. Dept.. Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., 311 Erie St., and 755 Dearborn Ave., Toledo, O. MUNIER, Leon L. (Junior 1915; 1919). Secy, and Treas., Wolffe & Munier, Inc., Engrs. and Contr., 405 Lexington Ave., New York, and 610 La fayette Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. MUNRO, Edward A. (1920), Secy.. Hutchinson Regulator Co., 506-507 Metropolitan Bank Bldg., and 1717 K St.. N.W.. Washington. D. C. MUNROE, Edward K. (1904), Mech. Engr.. U. S. Veteians* Bureau, Munitions Bldg.. Wash ington, D. C.. and 5924 Bellona Ave.. Baltimore. Md. MURPHY. Edward T. (1915), Vice-Pres., and Phila. Mgr., Carrier Eng. Corp., 1402 Land Title Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. MURPHY, William R. (1911). Pres.. American Heat. & Vent. Co., Inc.. 804 Times Dispatch Bldg., and 2805 Monument Ave., Richmond,'Va. MURRAY, James M. (1922), Engr. and Esti mator. City Heat. Co., 2647 Ellis Ave., Pitts burgh, Pa. MURRAY, Thos. E. (1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr., State Archt.. Albany, and (for mail) 51 S. Portland Ave.. Brooklyn. N. Y. MUSSELMAN, Joseph F. (1917), Consulting Engr., 101 Park Ave.. New York, N. Y. MUTH, Herbert (1912), Pres, and Treas., .Muth Heat, and Eng. Co., 4544 N. Western Ave.. and (for mail) 4217 N. Hermitage Ave.. Ravenswood Station, Chicago. 111. . MYERS, David R. (1923), Mgr., W. G. Cornell Co.. 19 Patterson St., N.E., and .5629 32nd St., N.W., Washington, D. C. M YRICK, James W. H. (1909), New England Air Conditioning Co.. 53 Devonshire St., and 1521 Washington St., Boston, Mass. N NACEY, Harry M. (1908), Pres, and Gen.;Mgr,, (for mail) P. Nacey Co.. 927 S. State St., and 229 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago. 111. 381 A Roll of Membership NADER, John H. (1919), Engr.. (for mail) Crane Co.. 30 S. 16th St., and 6043 Pershing Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ' NAROWETZ, Louis L., Jr. (Associate 1912), Secy., (for mail) Narowetz Heat. & Vent. Co., 1711-17 Park Ave., Chicago, and 118 Park Ave., Park Ridge, 111. NASH, Albert W. (Associate 1920), Mgr., Water Heater Dept.. Schley & Nash Co., Columbia Bank Bldg., and 5860 Douglas Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. NATKIN, Benjamin (Junior 1907; 1909), Mgr., (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 208 Mutual Bldg., and 3725 Tracy Ave., Kansas City. Mo. NEILER, Samuel G. (1898), Neiler, Rich & Co.. 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, and 737 N. Oak . Park Ave., Oak Park, 111. NEITZEL, Carl Wm. (1921), Ch. Mech. Supt., Bd. of Education, Cleveland, and (for mail) 3240 Washington Blvd- Cleveland Heights. O. NELSON, Benjamin (1914), (Pres., Illinois Chapter), Sales Mgr., Continental Machinery Co., lftll Harris Trust Bldg., Chicago, and 936 Hinman Ave., Evanston, III. NELSON, Prank, Jr. (1923), Supt., Frank Nelson & Son. 1822 Cherry St., Philadelphia. Pa. NELSON, Herman W. (1909), Pres., Herman Nelson Corp., 1824 3rd.Ave., and The Le Claire, Moline. 111. ` NELSON, Ralph L. (Junior 1913; 1917), Engr. and Mfgrs. Agt., 110 N. Augusta St., Spokane, Wash. NESBIT. David M.* (1895), (Board of Governors 1900), Ashwell Lodge. Barkby Lane. Leicester, England. NESBITT, A. J. (Junior 1921). 213 N. Vermont Ave., and 212 Victoria Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. NESDAHL, Eilert (1915), Ch. Engr.. (for mail) Atmospheric Conditioning Corp.. 920 Lafayette Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 811 York St., Camden, N. J. ` NEUPERT, E. A. (Associate 1921), Walworth Mfg. Co.. 12th and Everett Sts., Portland, Ore. NEVINS, J. R. (1921), Archt. and Engr., 1708 .. Hoge Bldg., Seattle. Wash. NEWBERG, Harold O. (Junior 1919). Heat, and Vent. Engr., International Harvester Co., and (for mail) 1943 Foster Ave., Chicago, III. NEWPORT, Charles F.* (1906), Treas., Newport Boiler Co., 105 S. Dearborn St., and (for mail) 1001 Longwood Drive, Chicago, 111. NICHOLS, George B. (1915), (Council 1919 1920), Consulting Engr.. 300 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. - . NICHOLLS. Percy* (1920), Research Laboratory, A. S. H. & V: E,, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pitts burgh, Pa. NIESTRATH, W. H. (1921), Jas. P. Marsh & Co., 3324 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ` NILSON, Andrew (1917), (for mail) 3222 N. Halsted St., and 5407 Wayne Ave., Chicago. III. NOBBS, Walter W. (1919), 50 Fairhazel Gardens. London, N.W.. 6. England. NOBIS, H. M. (1914), Heat. Engr., (for mail) Weiss Heat, and Plbg. Co., 5604 Cedar Ave., . Cleveland, and 1827 Stanwood Rd., E. Cleveland, O. NOLAND, Lloyd U. (1915), Pres., Noland-Clifford Co.. Inc.. 322 28th St.; and 319 54th St., Newport News Va NOLAND, Ralph W. (1914), Prof, of Heat, and Vent., Purdue University, and 221 Waldron St., W., Lafayette, Ind. NORDINE, Louis P. (1914), Sales Engr.. Herman Nelson Corp., and (for mail) 1170 26th St., Moline, 111. NORRIS, Edward (1909), Utica Heater Co- Utica. N. Y. NORRIS, James K. (1920), Vice-Pres., (for mail) Utica Heater Co., and 1 Jewett PI., Utica, N. Y. NORTON, Arthur E. (1919), Associate Prof, of Mech. Eng., R. 309, Pierce Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge. Mass. NORTON. Frederick W. (Junior 1922), Engr., John C. Williams, Inc., R. 850 Woolworth Bldg., New York, and 126 Park Ave., Port Rich mond, S. I., N. Y. NORTON, Thos. (1921), Pres.. Bay Ridge Heat Co., Inc., 511 40th St., and 515 48th St., Brook lyn, N. Y. NOTTBERG, Henry J. (1919). Secy.-Treas.. U. S. Eng. Co., 914 Campbell St., and 213 South Bales, Kansas City. Mo. NULSEN, Carl A. (1919), Heat, and Vent. Engr., W. G. Cornell Co., 232 E. Erie St.. Chicago, 111. NUNAN, John F. (Junior 1921). Foreman, Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co., 1823 Market St., and 238 W. Highland Ave., Chestnut Hill, Phila delphia. Pa. NUSBAUM, Lee* (1915), Engr., Pennsylvania Eng. Co., 1119-21 N. Howard St., and 315 Car penter Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. o. OAKS, Orion O. (1917), Ch. Engr.. N. Y. Br.. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 104 W. 42nd St.. New York, N. Y., and 13 Russell PI., Summit, N. J. OBERT, Casin W. (1916), (Secretary 1916-1923), . Secy., A.S.H. & V. E.. 29 W. 39th St.. New York, and (for mail) 155 Archer Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. | O'BRIEN, Vincent R. / (Associate 1919), Vice- Pres., Cochrane-Sargent Co., 5th and Sibley Sts.. and 90 Crocus PI., St. Paul, Minn. O'CONNELL, Presly M. (1916), Heat. Engr., (for mail) Perkins & McWayne. Archts,, 322 Paulton Block, and 1216 Norton Ave., Sioux Falls, S. D. ODELL, Nathaniel M. (1919), Sanitary and * Heat. Engr., Martin Metal Mfg. Co., Mosley and 2nd Sts., and 1023 S. Wichita St., Wichita, Kan. O'DONNELL, Thomas J. (1920). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Wm. H. McKiever. 247 W. 13th St., and 140 Verrailyea Ave., New York, N. Y. OFFER, Louis A. (1917), Mech. Engr.. Ford Motor Co.. Highland Park, and (for mail) 300 Westminster Ave., Detroit, Mich. OFFICER, H. S. (Associate 1923), Crane Co., 245' Master St., Philadelphia, Pa. OFFNER, Alfred J. (1922), Consulting Engr., 1182 Broadway. New York, N. Y. .' OGELSBY, William P. (1923), Sales Mgr., Oil City Boiler Works, 1043 Real Estate Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. . OHMES, Arthur K.* (1913), (Council 1915; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1916; 1st Vice-Pres. 1917), Consulting ' Engr., 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. OLSEN, Carlton F. (Junior 1920), Sales Engr., ' Kewanee Boiler Co., 710 Builders' Exchange Bldg., and 1302 Linden Ave., Apt. 110, Min neapolis, Minn. OLVANY, William J. (1912), Engr., and Contr., 100 Charles St., New York, N. Y. O'NEILL, Peter (1920), Treas. and Mgr., Bartley- O'Neill Co., 224 3rd Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. ORR, Merrill J. (1917). Pres, and Mgr.. Orr Co- 513 Jackson St., and 1815 Jackson St., Sioux . . City, la. . ORTH, John W. (1919), Pres., (for mail) Orth Plbg. Co., 509 Columbia St., and 1930 Kossuth St- Lafayette,. Ind. - OSBORNE, G. H. (1922), Gen. Mgr., The Vent. & Blow Pipe Co., Ltd., 144 Inspector St,, and 926 Tupper St., Apartment 12, Montreal. Que. OSMON, Thomas R. (1916), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Spohn Heat. & Vent. Co., 1775 E. 45th St., and (for mail) 851 Paxton Rd- Cleveland. . O. OSTRANDER, Lewis F. (1923), Vice-Pres. and Heat. Engr., O-E. Specialty Mfg. Co- -8-14 ' Keefe Ave- and 735 Bartlett Ave- Milwaukee. Wis. . OSWALD, Walter L. (1919), (for mail) Sales Engr., Crane Co- 23 W. 44th St- New York, and . 611 S. Columbus Ave- Mt. Vernon, N. Y. OTIS, Gerald Earle. (1922), Ch. Engr- Herman Nelson Corp- and 1921 23rd Ave- Moline, IU. OTTO, Robert W. (1912), Ch. Engr.. Andrews Heat. Co- 2529 University Ave- S.E., Min neapolis. and (for mail) 2147 Carroll Ave- St. Paul, Minn. . ' 382 Roll of Membership OWENS, Charles Beland (1921), Secy, and MgrCanadfon Powers Regulators Co- Ltd- 106 Lombard St- and 25 High Park Blvd- Toronto, Ont. P PADGINTON, George (1919), Engr- Power Efficiency Corp- 602 White Bldg- and (for mail) 73 Huntington Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. PAETZ. Herbert E. (1922). Sales Engr- American Blower Co- 1450 David Whitney Bldg- and 5849 Cass Ave- Detroit, Mich. PAGE, Harry W. (1923). Asst. Mgr- B. F. Sturtevant Co- Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. PAINE, Leonard G. (1920), Mgr- (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- Otis Bldg- 112 S. 16th St- and 5915 Carpenter St- Philadelphia. Pa. PALMER, Dr. George T.* (1915). Epidemiologist, (for mail) American Child Health Assn- 370 7th ' Ave., New York, N. Y. " PARKER, Philip (1915), Engr. Dept- Braman Dow & Co- 239 Causeway St-, Boston, and (for mail) 8 Middle St- Woburn, Mass. PARKHILL, David (1915), Supt- (for mail) The Graff Furnace Co- 116 Wooster St- New York, and 197 Rutland Rd- Brooklyn, N. Y. PARKS, Vernon H. (1918), Treas. and Mgr., . Meyer Furnace & Supply Co- 1306 W. 8th St and (for mail) 4321 Charlotte St- Kansas City, PARROTT, Lyle G. (1922). Const. Engr- McColl, Snyder & McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg- and (for mail) 3788 Gladstone Ave- Detroit, Mich. PARTER, Samuel C. (Junior 1907; 1909), EngrJames H. Merritt & Co- 244 Water St- and (for mail) 642 W. 172nd St- New York, N. Y. PARTLAN, James W. (1916), (for mail) 1255 Park PI- and 478 Algonquin Ave- Detroit, Mich. PATERSON, James S. (1922), Heat. Engr- Bd. of Education. 155 College St- and 23 Norton Ave- Toronto. Ont. ' PATERSON, William B. (Junior 1920; 1921), Asst- H. H. Angus, Consulting Engr- 217 Con tinental Life Bldg- and 71 Falcon St- Toronto, Ont. PATTINSON, R. L. (1922). Pres- Central Pipe Line Co- Ltd- Chatham. Ont. PATTISON, George B. (1920). Sales Engr., 605 Empire Bldg- and (for mail) 2138 Hudson Ave- Detroit, Mich. PATTON, H. T. (1921). Bishop & Babcock Co- 537 Real Estate Trust Bldg- Philadelphia. Pa. PEABODY, Ernest H. (1920). Pres- Peabody Eng. Corp- (for mail) 110 E. 42nd St- New York, and 557 Pelham Manor Rd- Pelham Manor. N.Y. PEACOCK, Jas. K. (1921). Mgr. New York Br- Hoffman Specialty Co- 512 5th Ave.. New York, and 498 Manor Lane. Pelham Manor. N. Y. PEARCE, C. E. (1911), Ch. Engr., Guilbert & Betelle, Archts- Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Branford PI- Newark, and (for mail) 1255 Clinton PI- Elizabeth, N. J. PEARSON, Harry D. (1917), Pres, and Treas., (for mail) Michigan Warm, and Vent. Co- 202-3 Aldrich Bldg- Grand Rapids, Mich. PEASE, Harrison H. (Associate 1922), Com mercial Trust Bldg- and 5239 Wissahickon Ave- Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. PEASE, John G. (1917), 2020 Wyandotte St- Kansas City. Mo. PECKHAM, Randolph R. (1919), Supt., 650 W. Baltimore Ave- and 3018 Hogarth Ave- Detroit, PEGRAM, William A. (1920), Engr.. (for mail) Hanley & Co- 3444 Forest Ave- and 7018 S. Park Ave- Chicago, IU- PERHAM, Stanley H. (1920), Associate Engr- Charle9 R. Ammerman, 529 Occidental Bldgand 4507 Carrollton Ave- Indianapolis. Ind. PETERKIN, Stuart MacC. (1922), Engr- C. A. Dunham Co- 229 College St., and (for mail) 550 Bathurst St- Apartment 4. Toronto. Ont. PETERMAN, Robert M. (1917), Engr- School Dist. of Philadelphia, 19th St- above Chestnut, Philadelphia, and (for maU) 205 Lauriston St., Wissahickon, Pa. PETERSEN, Gustave (Associate 1916). Secy, and Treas- Heat, and Vent. Magazine, 1123 Broad way, New York, N. Y- and 216 11th St- Ho boken. N. J. PETHERICK, David H. (Associate 1916), Special Repr- U. S. Radiator Corp- 517 Dime Bank Bldg- and 2278 Blaine Ave., Detroit. Mich. PFEIFFER, Jos. F. (1921), Jos. F. Pfeiffer Steam & Hot Water Heat. Co- 1140 California St- and 663 Cook St- Denver, Col. PHEGLEY, Frank G. (1913), (Council 1918-1919) Engr., Hart & Crouse Co., 1312 Fulton Bldg- Pittsburgh. Pa. PHILLIPS, Frank T. (1919), Sales Engr.. Ameri can Radiator Co- 115 N. Broad St- Philadel phia. Pa. . PHILLIPS, Frederic W., Jr. (1921). Engr- (for mail) E. W. Mandeville, Inc- 655 Rogere Ave., and 825 E. 38th St- Brooklyn, N. Y. PHILLIPS, Lee (1920). 610 Ferguson Bldg- Pitts burgh, and Terrace Ave- Carnegie, Pa. PICKUP, Harry (1920), 46-48 Goswell Rd- and 46 Regents Park Rd- London, England. PIERCE, Edward R. (1919), 41 Strathmore Rd- Brookline, Mass. PIERCE, Frank J. (1921), Mgr- Heat. Dept- W. M. Pattison Supply Co- 777 RockweU Ave- Cleveland.and 1612 Lincoln Ave., Lakewood, O. PIERON, Anton (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr- Warren & Wetmore, 10 E. 47th St- New York, and (for mail) 113 Schley St- Glendale, Long Island. N. Y. . PINDER, Percy H. (1919), Treas- Standard Steam Specialty Co- 366 3rd Ave- New York, N. Y- and 12 Forest Rd- Ridgewood, N. J. PINES, Sidney (1920), (Secy- Kansas City Chap ter). Asst. Mgr., (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co- 208 Mutual Bldg- and 3725 Tracy Ave- Kansas City, Mo. ' PIPER, Albert (1920), Plbg. and Heat. Contr.. Piper Bros- 340-346 N. Broad St- Trenton, and ' 192 Roseville Ave- Newark. N. J. ' PIPER, Edmund R. W. (Associate 1920), Plbg. and Heat. Contr- Piper Bros- 340-346.N. Broad St- Tenton, N. J. : PISEL, Jos. W. (Junior 1921), Engr- I. H. Francis, 1306 Otis Bldg- and (for mail) 29 Brookline Blvd- Upper Darby P. O- Brookline. Pa. . PITTELKOW, Arthur G. (1907), Pres- (for mail) Pittelkow Heat. & Eng. Co- 312 W. Lariied St and 355 Chalmers Ave-Detroit, Mich. - PITTSFORD, William A. (1919), Mech. Engr.. Kewanee Boiler Co- Kewanee, and- (for mail) 106 S. Menard, Chicago, IU. > PLEWES, Stanley E. (1917), Br. Mgr.,-(for mail) Johnson Service- Co- 285 S. Van Pelt St- and 903 Duncannon Ave- Philadelphia, Pa. POOL, Sterling H. (1913), Pres., Howard F. Pool Co- 5 Market St- Lynn, Mass. POOLE, Ernest F. (1921), Engr., (for mail) F. P. Sheldon & Son. 1009 Hospital Trust Bldg- and 230 Lockwood St;; Providence, R. I. . . POPE, S. Austin (1917), Contr. Engr,, (for mail) 26. N, Jefferson St- Chicago, and 315 William St- River Forest, III. . POPE, William A. (1906), Contr- Engr- 26 N. -Jefferson St- Chicago. 111. ' PORTER, Brayton A. (1922), gales Engr., Kewanee Boiler Co- 510 Real Estate, Trust Bldg . and (for mail) 4624 Hutchinson St- Philadel phia. Pa. PORTER, Ray S. (1919), Supt- Belden,- Porter, Gray Co- 65 N; 17th St- Minneapolis. Minn; POSEY, James (1919), Consulting Engr- (for mail) 11 E. Pleasant St- and 4005 Liberty Heights Ave- Baltimore, Md. . POTTINGER, Charles T. (1917), Mgr- American ' Blower Co- 1027 Empire Bldg- Atlanta. Ga. POWERS, Fred I. (1920). Salesman, Box 324 Bozeman, Mont. POWERS. Feed W. (1911), (Council 1918-1919) Secy.-Treas.. Powers Regulator Co.. 2720 Green view Ave., Chicago, IU. PRATT*-, Edwin D. (1922), Asst, to Gen. Mgr. Childs Restaurants, '200 5th Ave-and 321 Bed ford Park Blvd- New York, N.'Y. ' 383 Roll of Membership PREBLE, J. Jarvis (1919). Sales Engr.. Spray Eng. Co.. 60 High St., Boston, and 58 Howard St., Waltham, Mass. PRESTON, Bruce B. (1919). Pres., Ideal Heat. Equipment Co.. 1897 E. 90th St., Cleveland, REES, Rhea (1916), Pres.. Sanitary Heat. & Plbg. ' Co., 467 Boyce-Greely Bldg., and 628 W. 13th St., Sioux Falls, S. D. REESE, Henry L. (1923), Supt., Hersh Bros. Co.. Allentown, and 521 Elm St., Emaus, Pa. O. PRICE, Frank E. (Associate 1922), Mgr. Heat. Dept., Hedges Atkins Supply Co., 1730 Blake St.. Denver, Col. PROBST, Alfred H. (1919). Sales Engr., Morgan- Gerrish Co., 501 6th St., S., and 2902 James Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. - PROX, Robert E. (Junior 1922). Vice-Pres.. Frank Prox Co., and 1608 S. 4th St., Terre Haute. Ind. PRYOR, Frederick L. (1913), Prof. Exp. Eng.. Stevens Inst, of Technology. Hoboken, and Na tional Silk Dyeing Co., 5 Colt St., Paterson, N. J. PRYOR, Robert W.f Jr.* (1913), (Council 1919, REEVES. Charles G. (1916). Gen. Supt., H. Courcy Richards, Archts., 608 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, and (for mail) 257 W. Clapier St., Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. REGAN, William A. (1919), Contr.. Keystone Heat, and Equip. Co., 1321 S. Juniper St., Phila delphia. Pa. RE1NHARD, E. L. (1919), Br. Mgr., (for mail) American Radiator Co., 414 Jackson Bldg., and 506 Linwood St., Buffalo. N. Y. REPP. Harry Leroy (1922), Br. Mgr., U. S. Radi ator Corp., 908 N. Senate Ave.. and 824 E. 42nd St.. Indianapolis. Ind. REUTER, Albert G. (1922), Sales Engr.. Bishop & Babcock Co.. 1724 Lawrence St., and (for mail) 1920), Mech. Engr., Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cort- 712 S. Corona St., Denver, Col. landt St., New York, N. Y., and 199 Roseville Ave., Newark, N. J. PUGH. Earl C. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Fulton. Taylor & Cahill, Archts., 8120 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, and 1311 Lakeland Ave., Lake wood, Cleveland, O. PURCELL, Arthur J. (1914), Heat., Plbg. and Steam Spec. Repr.. 631 New Britain Ave., Hart ford. Conn. PURCELL, Robert E. (1916). Heat.. Vent, and Plbg. Contr.. 1735 Wallis Ave., W.. and 128 REUSS, Edward H.. Jr. (Associate 1918; 1921). Heat. Contr., 30th and Race Sts., and 52nd St., above Wynneffeld Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. REYNOLDS, Henry M. (1915), Vice-Pres., Gen eral Boilers Co., Waukegan, 111. REYNOLDS, Thurtow W. (1922). Asst. Engr., N. Y. Central Lines, R. 2416, Grand Central Term., and (for mail) 601 W. 191st St.. New York. N. Y. RHODES, Solomon V. (1921), Supt. of Heat.. Farrell Heat. & Plbg. Co., 25 Houston St., and Avery Ave., Detroit. Mich. PURDY, Alexander X. (1922), Pres., (for mail) Purdy. Mansell. Ltd., 63 Albert St., and 30 Glenrose Ave., Toronto. Ont. PURSELL, H. E. (1919). 514 Boston Bldg., Den ver, Col. PYLE, John W. (1919). Supt.. (for mail) Peru Heat. Co.. 30 W. Canal St., and 227 W. 2nd St.. Peru, Ind. Q' QUAY, D- M.* (Charter Member). (2nd Vice-Pres. 1895; 1st Vice-Pres. 1896. 1899; Pres. 1900) Mgr., W. G. Cornell Co., 639 Leader News Bldg., and 1352 E. 64th St.. Cleveland. O. QUENTIN, Edward H. (Associate 1919), Mgr., (for mail) Johnson Heat Regulating Co., 14 N. 12th St., and 3259 Geyer Ave., St. Louis, Mo. QUIGLEY, William J. (1920), Salesman, Gurney 45 E. Cain St., Atlanta, Ga. RIBLET, William H. (Associate 1921), East. Div. Mgr., (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 101 Park Ave., and 2493 Valentine Ave., New York, N. Y. RICE. Edmund T. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co.. 1823 Market St., and 838 S. 56th St., Philadelphia, Pa. RICE, William W. (1915), Engr.. Walters. Purks & Mellon. 4419 Ludlow St., and (for mail) 1437 N. Redfield St., Philadelphia, Pa. RICHARDS, Frank A. (1920). Sales Engr.. Her man Nelson Corp., 219 New First National Bank Bldg., and 2612 Glen Echo Drive. Columbus. O. RICHARDS. Samuel F. (1915), Mgr., Heat. Dept., Anchor Sanitary Co.. 123 3rd Ave.. and (for mail) 335 W. Riverview Ave., Bellevue Branch, Pittsburgh, Pa. RICHARDSON, A. Howard (Associate 1922), 2nd Heater Mfg. Co., (for mail) P. O. Box 184, Buffalo, and 27 Knowlton Ave., Kenmore, N. Y. QUIRK. Clinton H. (Junior 1915; 1916), Vent, and Mech. Engr.. (for mail) Howard & Morse. 45 Fulton St.. New York, and 8557 110th St., Rich mond Hill, Long Island. N. Y. R RAINE, John J. (1912), G. S. Blodgett Co.. Bur lington. Vt. RAISLER, Samuel (1921). Pres.. Raisler Heat. & Sprinkler Co.. 129 Amsterdam Ave., and (for mail) 202 Riverside Drive. New York, N. Y. RATHER. Max F. (1919). Mgr., Cleveland Office, (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 2028 E. 22nd St., Cleveland, and 2135 Renrock Rd.. Cleveland, Heights. O. REARDON, J. Albert (1921), Pres., Reardon Bros. Co., Mfgs. National Bank, 341 Union St., and 202 Washington St., Lynn, Mass. RECK, Anders B.* (1899). Pres., (for mail) Reck Heat. Co., Ltd., 15 Esromgade. Copenhagen, and Christianavei 16. Hellerup, Denmark. REDERER, Benedict S. (1922), Mgr., (for mail) B. S. Rederer & Co.. 513 Arrott Bldg., and 1515 Rockland Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. REED, William Dick (1919). (for mail) W. D h Reed Co.. 622 Benton Blvd., Kansas City*, Mo. REEDER, Charles L. (1911), Consulting Engr.. (for mail) 916 N. Charles St., Baltimore, and 222 Longwood Rd.. Roland Park, Md. Vice-Pres.. (for mail) Richardson & Boynton Co.. 171 W. Lake St., and 1302 Ritchie Court. Chi cago, III. RICHARDSON, Clifford B. (1917), Mgr.. Drake Avery Co.. Ltd.. 210 State St., Detroit, Mich. RICHARDSON, D. Ralt* (1915). Pres., Richard son & Boynton Co., 258 5th Ave., New York. N. Y. RICHARDSON, Frank J. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Insp.. Dept, of Education, 131 Livingston St., and (for mail) 467 1st St., Brooklyn. N. Y. RIDLER, Harry C. (1919), Plbg., Heat, and Vent. Engr.. (for mail) 310 W. 33rd St., and 3248 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. RIELLEY, Edward P. (Junior 1921). Sales Engr.. James P. Marsh & Co., 118 S. Clinton St., and 5224 Montrose Ave., Chicago. 111. RILEY, Albert H. (1919). Supt. Heat, and Vent, (for mail) Bd. of Education, 9th and Locust Sts., and 6235 Dowler Ave., St. Louis, Mo. RILEY. Champlain L * (1906), (Council 1918 1922; 1st Vice-Pres. 1920; Pres. 1921), Clark MacMullen & Riley. 101 Park Ave., New York,' N. Y., and (for mail) Plainfield. N. J. RILEY. DeWitt H. (1921), Ch. Draftsman, Re search Dept., American Radiator Co.. 1807 Elm wood Ave., and 815 Tonawanda St., Buffalo. N. Y. RITCHIE, Edmund John (1923), (for mail) Sales Mgr.. Sarco Co., Inc., Woolworth Bldg.. New York, and 140 E. 19th St., Brooklyn. REEDER, Frank C. (Associate 1919), Sales Engr., Hoffman Specialty Co., 512 5th Ave., New York. N. Y. RITCHIE, William (1909)1 Vice-Pres.. Boynton N. Y.. and (for mail) 204 E. Oklahoma Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. . Furnace Co.. 58 W. 40th St.. New York, N. Y.. and 17 Van Reipen Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. 384 Roll of Membership RITTER, Arthur (1911). N. Y. Mgr., American Blower Co., 50 Church St.. New York, and 699 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. ROBB, John M.* (1913), Heat. Engr., 1513 Colum bia Terrace. Peoria, 111. ROBBINS, Loring G. (1907). Robbins. Gamwell & Co., 68 West St., Pittsfield, Mass. ROBERTS, Henry L. (1916), Engr. and Contr.. 228 N. 16th St., Philadelphia. Pa. ROBERTSON, George A. (1902), Acting Supv. Heat, and Vent. Inspector, Bd. of Education, Bureau of Plant Operation. Flatbush Ave.. and Concord St., and 1081 E. 39thSt.. Brooklyn, N. Y. ROBINSON, S. Whitmore (Associate 1902; 1910), Consulting Engr., 10 Kilburn Priory, London, N.W., England. ROCK. Adolph C. (1917). Contr.. (for mail) C. F. Rock Plbg. and Heat. Co.. 115 N. 3rd St., and 1501 Frances St., St. Joseph, Mo. ROCKART, Edward R. (1921), Ch. Mech. Engr., Minneapolis Bd. of Education, 245 9th Ave., N.. Minneapolis, and (for mail) 1173 Arkwright St., St. Paul, Minn. RODMAN, Robert W. (1922). Supt. of Plant Operation, Bd. of Education, 500 Park Ave., and 2102 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ROEBUCK, William, Jr. (1917), Associate Engr.. The R. T. Coe Companies, Cutler Bldg., and Richford Hotel, Rochester, N. Y. . ROGERS, A. Carle (1921), Consulting Engr., Power Plants Heat, and Vent., 752 Euclid Ave.. Toledo. O. ROGERS, C. W. (1921), Secy.. New York Blower Co., 2248 S. Halsted St., and 420 Aldine St., Chicago, 111. ROGERS, George H. (1920), Salesman and Heat. Engr.. International Heater Co., and (for mail) Linthicum Heights, Md. ROLLINS, Fred D. (1919), (Secy.. Ohio Chapter). Br. Mgr., U. S. Radiator Corp., 523 Cleveland Discount Bldg., and 1418 Kenilworth .Ave., Cleveland, O. ROLLINS, Lewis M. (1916), Master Mechanic. Morris & Co., Union Stock Yards, and (for mail) 5927 Rockwell Ave., Chicago. III. RONEY, Thomas G. (1916), T. G. Roney Heat. Co.. 3461 Fort St., W.. and 748 25th St., Detroit, Mich. ` ROONEY, Martin A. (1918), Hart & Crouse Co.. 301 Turner St.. Utica, N. Y. ROSEBROUGH, Robert M. (1920). Mgr.. L. J. Mueller Furnace Co., 1409 Olive St.. St. Louis, Mo. ROSENBACH, Rudolph G. (1920), Sales Engr.. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 649 Washing ton St., and 1119 N. Avers Ave., Chicago, 111. ROSS, John O. (1920), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., (for mail) J. O. Ross Engr. Corp., 30 E. 42nd St.. New York, and Colonial Heights, Tuckahoe. N. Y. ROSSMAN, Vincent D. (1919), (Pres.. St. Louis Chapter). Secy., (for mail) Modern Heat. Co.. 3935 Olive St., and 2365 Klemm St., St. Louis, Mo. ROTHROCK, John T. (1920). Supt. Mech. Eng.. Thompson-Starrett Co.. 15 N. 9th St., Min neapolis, Minn. ' ROTZ, John M. (1918), Consulting Engr., Snider & Rotz, 703 Merchants Bank Bldg., and 3930 Broadway. Indianapolis. Ind. ROW, Oliver M. (1912), Director, Royles, Ltd., Heat Specialists, Irlam. near Manchester, Eng land. ROWE. W. A. (1921). Ch. Engr.. American Blower Co., and 8159 La Salle Blvd., Detroit, Mich. ROWLEY, Frank B.* (1918), (Pres.. Minn. Chap ter), Prof, of Mech. Eng., and Director of Experi mental Eng. Laboratories, University of Minne sota. and (for mail) 63 Barton Ave., S.E., Min neapolis, Minn. - RUCKEL, John B. (Associate 1919), Pres., (for mail) J. H. Ruckel & Son, 81-83 Main St., and 183 Cleveland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. RUDDELL, Win. H. (1921). Mgr.. West Coast Heat. Co.. Inc., 1627 4th Ave.. and 308 Newton St., Seattle. Wash. RUDIO, H. M. (1921), Salesman, (for mail) Car rier Eng. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., New York, and 142 Winspear Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. RUFF, DeWitt Clinton, 2nd (1922). (for mail) Healy-Ruff Co., 502 Plymouth Bldg., Min neapolis, and 727 Portland Ave., St. Paul, Mina. RUPPEL, Richard L. (1911), Consulting Engr.. 32 W. 40th St.. New York, N. Y.. and (for mail) Meriden Rd., Waterbury, Conn. RUSSELL, Hugh C. (1911), Supv. Archts. Office. U. S. Treas. Dept., and 3349 18th St.. N.W.. Washington, D. C. RUSSELL, Joseph N. (1899), Mgr., Rosser & Russell. Ltd., 37 Duke St., Osford St., London, W. 1, England. RUSSELL, Willard E. (1921). Mgr., C. A. Dun ham Co.. 210 Broad St. Bank Bldg., Trenton, N. J. RUSSELL, William Arthur (1918), 70 E. 45th St.. New York, N. Y. RUSSELL, William A. (1921), Mgr.. Kansas City Br., U. S. Radiator Corp., 1412 W. 12th St., Kansas City, Mo. RYAN, Harry J. (1922), Sales Engr.. 91 Elm St.. Albany. N. Y. `RYAN, Henry B. (1920), Vice-Pres., Barry, Byrne & Ryan Co., 104 S. Michigan Ave.. Chicago, and 170 Fuller Lane, Winnetka, 111. RYAN, Thomas F. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr., M. J. Daly & Sons, 543-555 Bank St., and (for mail) 278 N. Main St.. Waterbury, Conn. S SABIN, Edward R. (1919), Pres., (for mail) Edward R. Sabin & Co.. 4729 Ludlow St., Phil adelphia, and S.E. Cor. Plumstead and Owen Aves.. Lansdowne, Pa. SACHLEBEN, Edward H. (Associate 1921), E. H. Sachleben & Co., 1517 Olive St., St. Louis. Mo. SANBERN, Edward N. (1923). Engr.. Mensing & Co.. 928 Mensing Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa. SANFORD, Arthur L. (1915), (Secy., Minn. Chapter), Mech. Engr., (for mail) Bd. of Educa tion. 245 9th Ave., N.. and 301 E. 48th St., Min neapolis. Minn. SANTMYER, W. J. (1921), Supt., Steam Heat. Div., Puget Sound Power and Light Co., Electric Bldg., 7th and Olive Sts., Seattle, Wash. SANVILLE, Ghas. P. (1922), Sales Engr., (for mail) Bourse Bldg., and 1456 Sparks St., Phila delphia, Pa. SARGENT, Leonard F. (1919), Mgr., National Heat. & Vent. Co.. Box 103, Wausau, Wis. SAULSON, Saul (1916), Mech. Engr.. Albert Kahn. 58 Lafayette Blvd.. and (for mail) 2025 Virginia Park, Detroit, Mich. SAWADE, Carl A. (Associate 1920), Mgr. Boiler Sales, (for mail) Continental Heater Corp., and 721 Washington Ave.. Dunkirk, N. Y. SAWDON, William M. (1920), Prof.. Exp. Eng.. Cornell University, and 1018 E. State St., Ithaca. N. Y. . SCHEER, Fred'k W. (1922), Heat. Contr., 12 Brayton St., and 412 Vermont St.. Buffalo, N. Y. SCHEIBEL, Albert H. (1919), Asst. Mech; Engr., Stone & Webster, 147 Milk St., Boston, and (for mail) 92 Milton Ave., Hyde Park, Mass. SCHEIDECKER, Daniel B. (Associate 1919). Salesman, (for mail) Bayley Mfg. Co.. R. 1156, 38 S. Dearborn St., and 4626 N. Kilbourn Ave., Chicago, 111. SCHELLHAMMER, Alfred L. (1919), Schell- hammer & Co.. Warren Pa. SCHILDM1LLER, George H. (1922), Asst. Br. Mgr., American Radiator Corp.. Barium Bldg., Grand River and Broadway Ave., and 2206 Pennsylvania Ave., Detroit, Mich. -- SCHILLING, Clarence L. (1921). Treas. and Mgr., Atlanta Sheet Metal Works, P. O. Box 1022. Atlanta, Ga. SCHLEMMER, Oliver H. (1906), 8442 Curzon Ave.. Hartwell, Cincinnati. O. SCHLEY, Arthur A. (1920). Mgr. Heat. Dept.. Schley & Nash Co., 903 Arrott Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 385 Roll of Membership SCHLOSS, Newton L. (1913). Consulting Engr.. 105 W. 40th St., and 546 W. 147th St.. New York. N. Y. SCHLUTER. H. (Associate 1921), Ames Iron Works, R. 1010,41 E. 42nd St.. New York, N. Y. . SCHMIDT. George G. (Junior 1912; 1914), Car rier Eng. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., and 6063 SHAW, Clinton E. (1921), Instructor, .Northeast High School. 8th and Lehigh Ave., and 6412 N. 11th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. SHAW, Raymond E. (1921), Mgr., New England' Sales, B. F. Sturtevant Co., R. 555 Massa chusetts Trust Bldg., and Boston Athletic Assn., Boston, Mass. ' * ' SHEA, M. B. (1921), Mgr., American Radiator Broadway, New York, N. Y. - SCHNEIDER, Paul W. (1919), 16 Pearl St., Utica. N. Y. SCHOENIJAHN, Robert P. (1919), Consulting Co.. 417 S. 10th St., and 3616 Lincoln Blvd., Omaha. Nebr. SHEARS, Matthew W. (1922). Heat. Engr.. C. A. Dunham Co.. Ltd., 1523-41 Davenport Rd., Engr., (for mail) Industrial Trust Bldg., 10th and'Shipley Sts.,-and 7 Crawford Circle, Wil Toronto, and Lansing P. O., Ont. SHEFFIELD, Edward B. (1921), Asst. Engr.. mington, Del. SCHOEPFLIN. Paul H. (1920), Pres., (for mail) Melvern F. Thomas. 229 College St., Toronto, and-25 Government Rd., Lambton Mills. Ont. Niagara Blower Co., Ontario St. at New York Central Tracks, and 56 Ardmore Place, Buffalo. SHEFFLER, Morris (1921), Sheffler-Gross Co.. 205-207 Drexel Bldg., and 224 S. 59th St.. Phila delphia, Pa. SCHOPP, Walter J. (1922), Mgr., (for mail) SHEPPARD, Frank A. (1918), Johnson Service General Eng. & Const. Co., 10 S. 18th St., and Co., 411 E. 10th St., Kansas City, Mo. 146 Lauriston St., Philadelphia. Pa. . SHEPPARD, William G. (1922), Heat, and Vent. SCHROTH, August H. (1911), Sales Mgr.. Engr., Sheppard & Abbott, 119 Harbord St., and Richmond Radiator Co., 1480 Broadway, New York, N. Y-and (for mail) 40 Carnegie Ave., East Orange, N. J. SCHULZ, Howard I. (Associate 1915), Local Mgr., (for mail) Crane Co., 1217 W. Broad St., Richmond, Va. SCHULZE. Ben. H. (1921). Sales Engr., (for mail) Hester-Bradley Co., 4200 Forest Park Blvd., and 4499 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis. Mo. SCIPIO, Lynn A.* (1921). Dean School of Eng. Robert College, Constantinople, Turkey. SCOLLAY, Ulysses G. (Charter Member), (Council 1894; Board of Managers 1895; Treas. 1904-1911), Pres. J. A. Scollay, Inc., 76 Myrtle Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. - - SCOTT, Charles E. (1907), Pres., (for mail) 479 Dovercourt Rd., Toronto, Ont. SHERIFFS, Walter A. (1918), Mehring & Hanson Co.. 118 N. Franklin St., Chicago, 111. SHODRON, John G. (1921), Research Engr., James Mfg. Co., and (for mail) 411 E. Milwaukee Ave.. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. . SHORB, Will A. (1909), Treas., Field & Shorb Co- 133 W. William St., and (for mail) 3 Lincoln PI., Decatur, III, SHOZO, Saito (1923), Managing Director, Saito . Shozo Tokyo Office, Nichi Bei Shintaku Bldg.. Kyobashi, and (for mail) 12, 2 Chome, Atago Cho.. Tol^o, Japan. SHUELL. Frank W. (Associate 1921), Pres., (for mail) The Ever-Hot Heater Co., 214 W. Wood- Vapor Heat. Co., 597 5th Ave., New York, N. Y., bridge St., and 5229 Cass Ave.. Detroit, Mich. and S. Norwalk, Conn. : SHULTZ, Earle (Associate 1919), Vice-Pres., SCOTT, Edwin A. (1912), (Secretary 1913), Illinois Maintenance Co., R. 1136, -Edison Editor, Sheet Metal Worker. Edwin A. Scott. ' Bldg., and 5818 Magnolia Ave.. Chicago, III. Publishing Co.. 15 E. 40th St., and 3207 Park Ave*. New York, N. Y. SCOTT, Francis H. (Junior 1920), Consulting Engr., 34 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. SCOTT, George M. (1915), Child & Scott Co., 108 Wooster St., New York, N. Y. SEABRIGHT, Louis C. (1920). Engr., c/o C. W. Bates, 77 12th St., Wheeling, W. Va. SEARS, William H. (1919), Archt. and Struc- . tural Eng.. 1102-3-4 James Bldg., Chattanooga, and 623 Hanover St., N. Chattanooga, Tenn. SEIPPEL, John H. (Associate 1920; 1921), Repr., Haynes Selling Co., and Standard Heater Co., (for mail) 847 Equitable Bldg., and 208 E. 34th St., Baltimore, Md. SEKIDO, Kunlsuke (1903), Nakano, Tokio Suburb, Japan. SELLARS, Fred J. (1917), Pres- Sell-Orr Heat. Co., 311 N. Penn Ave., and 619 N. 9th St., Independence, Kans. SELLERS. Reuben F. (1922), Owner, R. F. Sellers Eng. Co., 216 E. 2nd St., and Terry Apts., SIEGEL, John F. (Associate 1915), Newport Boiler Co., 101 Park Ave., New York, and Mt. Vernon', N. Y. SIMMONDS. Philip R, (Associate 1921), Gen. Sales Mgr., John Call Co., 122 N. Franklin St.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 301 Chadwick Ave., Newark, N. J. SIMONSEN, Lawrence A. (1920), Estimator and Engr.. E. J. Claffey Co., 10 W. Illinois St., and (for mail) 6224 S. Park Ave., Chicago, III. SIMPSON, William K. (1919), Secy., (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co., and 61 Fiske St., Water- bury. Conn. ` SKAGERBERG, R. (Junior 1921). Sales Engr., (for mail) American Blower Co., Detroit, Mich., and Cloquet, Minn. SKELLY, John F. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr., M. J. Daly & Sons. 543 Bank St., and (for mail) 148 Chipman St., Waterbury, Conn. SKINNER, Henry W. (1920), Mech. Engr.. Heat, and Plbg. Dept., Atlas Supply Co., and 612 Jef-' ferson St., Muskogee, Okla. SELLMAN, Nils T. (1922). Asst. Secy. Mgr., (for mail) American Gas Assn., 342 Madison Ave., and 2463 Grand Ave., New York, N. Y. SELTZER, A. P. (1921), Br. Mgr., American Radi ator Co., 401 Pennway Bldg., and (for mail) 3206 College Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. SETZER, Walter C. (Junior 1922), Mech. Engr., H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts., and (for mail) 3915 N. 8th St., Philadelphia, Pa. SEWARD, Percival H.* (Charter Member). VicePres., Richmond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway, New York, and (for mail) 369 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. SEWELL, John M. (1919), Consulting Engr., 1711 Sansom St., Philadelphia, and (for mail) ' Warren Ave., Berwyn, Pa. SHANKLIN, John R. (1899). Pres, and Gen. Mgr., West Virginia' Heat. & Plbg.'Co., 233 Hale St., and 1507 Quanier St., Charleston, W. Va. SMALL, John D. (1910), Consulting Engr., (for mail) 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, and 411 Maple Ave., Wilmette, ILL SMALLMAN, Edwin W. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., 173 Bellevue Ave., Melrose, Mass. SMALLMAN, William T. (1911), Treas., Isaac Coffin Co.. 52 Sudbury St., Boston, Mass. SMITH, Delbert C. (Associate 1919), 333 State St., Detroit, and 150 Hawthorne Ave., Royal . Oak, Mich. SMITH, Edward C. (1918), Supervising Engr., (for mail) Bd. of Education, 340 N. Water St and 1053 Mathewson Ave., Wichita, Kans. . SMITH, George P. (1922), Sales Repr- (for mail) Herman Nelson Corp- 122 Michigan Ave R. 437, Chicago,and 500 Western Ave- Joliet, 11L SMITH, Leslie L. (1919), Mech. Engr- (for mail) Smith. Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg.; and 1931 Delaware Ave- Detroit, Mich. 386 Roll of Membership SMITH, Milton S. (1919), Production Mgr- Car rier Engr. Corp- 750 Frelinghuysen Ave.. Newark, and (for mail) 13 North Terrace, Maplewood^N. J. SMITH, Wilbur F. (1920), Mech. Engr- W. M. Anderson, (for mail) 600 Schuylkill Ave., Phila delphia. Pa. SNELL, -Ernest (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr- 3914 LeMay Ave- Detroit. Mich. SNYDER, Charles B. J. (1895), (Board of Gov ernors 1900-1904; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1905; 1st Vice- Pres. 1906; Pres. 1907; Board of Governors 1908), Consulting Archt- Dept, of Education, . and (for mail) 430 Lewis Ave- Brooklyn, N. Y. SNYDER, Jay W. (1917), (for mail) McColl. Snyder & McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg- and S987 Martindale Ave- Detroit, Mich. SODEMANN, Paul (Junior 1920), Sales Engr., Fischer Heat. Co- 367-369 Adams St- and (for mail) 206 Garland Place, Memphis, Tenn. SODEMANN, William C. (1919), Vice-Pres- Sodemann Heat. & Power Co- 2306 Morgan St and (for mail) 3510 University St- St. Louis, Mo. SODERBERG, Charles H. (1919). Consulting Engr- 1011 Charlevoix Bldg- Detroit, and 600 Pierce St- Birmingham, Mich. .. SOLING, Wm. (1923), Estimator and Engr., Reis & O'Donovan,- Inc.. 253 W. 28th St- New York, and (for mail) 198 Floyd St- Brooklyn, N. Y. SOMMER, Louis J., Jr. (1922), Plbg. and Heat. Contr., (for mail) Sommer & Son, 6021 Clifford Terrace, and 2436 Brown St.. Philadelphia, Pa. SOPER, Horace A. (1916), Vice-Pres- American Foundry & Furnace Co- and 1122 E. Monroe St., Bloomington, III. - SOPER, Ira N. (1919). Sales Engr.. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 549 W. Washington Blvd- and 7214 Prairie Ave- Chicago. 111. SOULE, Lawrence C. (1908), Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J. SOWERS, Paul E. (1922), Engr. and Br. Mgr., Vapor Heat. Co- 201 N. George St- and (for .mail) P. O. Box 295, York, Pa. SPARKS. Frank B. (Associate 1921), Supt. of Installation, (for mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co- 1823 Market St- and 5904 Chestnut St- Philadelphia, Pa. SPARLING, Clifford M. (1922). Pres, and Mgr- (for mail) Mechanical Trades Co- Ltd- 54 Uni versity Ave- and 33 Jackman Ave- Toronto. Ont. SPEARMAN, . William (Associate 1918), 7813 Kelly St- Pittsburgh, Pa. SPECKMAN, Charles H. (1918), (for mail) R. 902, Stephen Girard Bldg- Philadelphia. Pa. SPELLER, Frank N.* (1908), Metallurgical Engr., National Tube Co- 1802 Frick Bldg- and 6411 Darlington Rd- Pittsburgh. Pa. SPERZEL, Henry J. (1919), Kewanee Boiler Co- 708 Builders* Exchange, Minneapolis, Minn. SPIELMAN, Gordon P. (Junior 1923). Harrison - Spielman Co- 480 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago, and 515 N. Prospect Ave- Park Ridge, III. SPITZLEY, Ray L. (1920), Mgr., (for mail) R. L. Spitzley Heat. Co- 246 W. Lamed St., and 1050 Yorkshire Rd- Grosse Point, Detroit, Mich. SPOONER, Harold R. (1921). Engr. and Esti mator, Jarcho Bros- Inc- 358 W. 31st St- New York, and (for mail) 33 Woodhull Ave., Hollis, L. I- N. Y. SPRIGGS, Walter J. Humor 1920), (for mail) F. J. Spriggs, 43 W. 4th St- and 183 S. Chatsworth St- St. Paul, Minn. SPROULL, Howard E. (1920), Dist. Mgr- Ameri can Blower Co- 1151 Consolidated Bldg- Indian apolis, and Bedford, lnd. STACEY, Alfred E., Jr.* (1914), Research Engr.. Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, and (for mail) Wootton Rd- Essex Fells, N.J. STACKHOUSE, Raymond M. (Associate 1908; 1919), (Pres- Kansas City Chapter), (for mail) Mgr- American Radiator Co., 906 Davidson Bldg- and 314 W. Armour Blvd- Kansas City, Mo. STAMMER, Edward L * (1919), Heat, and Vent. Supt., Bd. of Education, 9th and Locust Sts., St. Louis, Mo. STANFORD, Leland E. (1921), Mgr- Forbs- Stanford Co- 756 Upson St- and (for mail) 120 E. Cuyahoga Falls Ave.. Akron, O. STANGER, Ralph B. (1920), Sales Engr., Robin son & Stanger, Empire Bldg- Pittsburgh, Pa. STANGLAND, B. F. (Charter Member). (Board of Managers 1895; Council 1896, 1897; Board of Managers 1899; Board of Governors 1905-1906; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1908; Board of Governors 1909), Morton, N. Y. - STANNARD. James M.* (1906), (Board of Gov ernors 1913; Council 1914, 1917), Pres- Stannard Power Equipment Co- 1220 Monadnock Block, Chicago. 111. STARK, Edward A. (Associate 1914; 1916). Br. Mgr.. U. S. Radiator Corp- 1248 1st Ave- S and 2338 Broadway, N- Seattle, Wash. STARK, Ira S. (Junior 1920), Sales Engr- E. Vernon[Hill Co., 64 W. Randolph St-Chicago, 111. STARKS, Verne E. (1921), Dist. Mgr- (for mail) Ilg Elec. Vent. Co- 1314 Schofield Bldg.. Cleve land. and 1678 Hower Ave- E. Cleveland, O. STEDMAN, C. N. (1921). Dist. Sales Mgr- (for mail) Fulton Co., 610 Wrigley Bldg- and 2309 E. 69th St- Apartment 2; Chicago. 111. ' STEiM, Charles J., Jr. (1923), Sales Engr- (for mail) Samuel Sloan & Co- 67 Exchange St- and 100 Laburnum Crescent, Rochester, N. Y. ' STEINER, John G. (Associate 1922), Utica Heater Co- 1708 Broadway, and 1368 Elizabeth St- Denver, Col. STEINHORST, Theodore F. (1919), Engr. and Estimator, Emil Steinhorst & Sons, 1158 Mo hawk St. and West Shore R. R- and 1642 Brinckerhoff Ave- Utica, N. Y. STEPHANY, Erwin J. (Junior 1920), Supt. of Sales Dept- Equitable Gas Co- 435 6th Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. " STEPHEN, Alexander M. (1922), Pres- Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Stephen and Boyle, Ltd- 1325 Standard Bank Bldg- and 784 Thurlow St- Vancouver, B. C. . STEPHENSON, Lewis A. (1917), Mgr- (for mail) Powers Regulator Co- 407 E. 13th St- and 2712 Benton Blvd- Kansas City, Mo. STERN, H. Richard (1923). Johnson & Morris, 538 W. 23rd St- New York. N. Y. STETSON, Lawrence R. (1913), for mail) Mc- Murrer Co., 303 Congress St- Boston, and 35 Bradfield Ave- Roslindale, Mass. ' STEWART, Charles W. (1918), Pres- Haynes Selling Co- 1711 Sansom St- and (for mail) 716 S. 51st St- Philadelphia, Pa. ` STEWART, Earl A. (1922), Assoc. Prof. Agr. Physics, Univ. of Minnesota, University Farm; St. Paul, Minn. STEWART, Harry D. (1920), Salesman, Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg.'Corp., Broad and Race St and (for mail) 5604 Spruce St- Philadelphia, Pa. STILL, Fred R * (1904), (Council 1916; 2nd Vice- Pres. 1917; Pres. 1918; Council 1919), Vice-Pres: and Secy- (for mail) American Blower Co- 50 Church St- New York. N. Y. STITT, Eugene W. (1917). (Secy- Pittsburgh Chapter), Mgr- (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp- 607 Arrott Bldg- and 1535 Fairlawn Ave- Dor- mont, Pittsburgh. Pa. STITT, Howard B. (Associate 1922), ! Heat; Engr., (for mail) Onarga Plbg. & Heat. Co- Onarga, III. * STOCK, Edward L. (Associate 1918), Pres- Re public Boiler & Radiator Co- 1220 New York Ave., Washington, D. C- and Bradley Hills, Bethesda, Md. _' STOCKENBERG. Ruben (1922), Sales Engr., Johnson Service Co- 177 N. Dearborn St.. Chicago. .111. ' STOCKWELLi William R. Humor 1901; 1903), Gen. Mgr., Weil-McLainCo., Michigan City, Ind. STOKES, Ralph E. (1920), Residence Mgr- Vent. Engr- (for mail) Ilg Elec. Vent. Co- 1024 Bes semer Bldg- Pittsburgh, and 843 River Rd- Avalon Borough, Pa. ' 387 Roll of Membership STOLTENBERG, Thomas R. (1922). Sales Rep. Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Box 1168. and Kenmark Hotel, Denver, Col- . STONE, Eugene R. (1913), Pres., Stone-Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave., Boston, Mass. STONE. George F. (1918), 4520 N. Carlisle St., and 1320 Olive St., Philadelphia, Pa. STORM, Edwin S. (1916), Vice-Pres., Hoffman Specialty Co., 130 N. Weils St., Chicago. 111. STRADER, Budd K. (Associate 1913), Repr.. Elevator Supplies Co., 1515 Willow Ave.. Hoboken, N. J., and 233 Rose St., Freeport, N. Y. STRANDWITZ, William J. (1919), Secy, and Treas., Strandwitz & Scott. Inc., 537-39 S. 2nd St., Camden, and Hawthorne Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. STROH, William H. (1921), Mgr., Heat. Dept.. Bridgman Co.. 120 S. 30th St., and (for mail) 5405 Chestnut St., Apartment A, Philadelphia, Pa. STRONG, Ralph C. (1919), Salesman. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 31st and Oxford Sts., and (for mail) 4522 Walnut St., Philadel phia, Pa. STROUSE, Sidney B. (1921), Dist. Mgr., (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 429 Guarantee Trust Bldg., and 140 S. Maryland Ave., Atlantic City. N. J. SUITS, George A. (1923), Mgr.. Hoffman Speci alty Co.. 136 Federal St., Boston. Mass. SUTCLIFFE, Arthur G. (Associate 1918; 1922). Engr., Ilg Elec. Vent. Co., 2850 N. Crawford Ave.. and (for mail) 4146 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago. III. SUTER, George (1921), Heat. Contr., (for mail) 210 E. 2nd St., and 1842(Barrett Ave., Sedalia, Mo SUTTERLEY, W. W. (1919). 503 N. 52nd St.. Philadelphia. Pa. SWANEY, Carroll R. (Junior 1921), Sales Engr.. (for m<iO 16 Fairfax St.. Somerville, Mass. SWARTWOUT Jay D. (1917), Contr. Engr., 349 S. Weadock Ave., Saginaw, Mich. SWEENEY, Sylvester H. (1915). Engr. and Contr., 213-215 E. 44th St.. New York. N. Y. SZEKELY, Ernest (1920), Consulting Mech. Engr., 500 B. R. T. Bldg., 820 W. Superior Ave.. and (for mail) 1435 Ridgewood Ave., Cleveland, O. T TAGGART, Ralph C. (1912). Ch. Engr.. Dept, of Archt., and (for mail) 14 Lyon Ave., Menands, Albany, N. Y. TAIT, George M. (1909), Heat., Vent, and San. Engr., 76 S. Walnut St., Mansfield, O. TALIAFERRO, R. Ryiand (1919), Carrier Eng. Corp., 1402 Land Title Bldg., and Beechwood Park, Philadelphia, Pa. TALLMAN, D. Stephen (1920), D. S. Tallman & Co., 3637 Boulevard. Jersey City, and 11 E. GouveneuT Ave., Rutherford, N. J. TANGEMAN. Bruno W. (Associate 1919), Mgr.. A. Y. McDonald Mfg. Co.. 221 3rd St., N., and . 2716 Aldrich Ave., S., Minneapolis:'Minn. TAPLIN, Neal W. (Associate 1915; 1921), Pres., (for mail) Taplin Furnace Co-. 21 N. Sheldon Ave., and 145 Cherry St., S.E., Grand Rapids, Mich. TAYLER, Theron C. (1917). Pres, and Gen. Mgr.. Sand Lime Products Co., and (for mail) 2436 W. Grand Blvd., Detroit, Mich. TAYLOR, Fred K. (1919), (for mail) Sales Dept., Taylor Instrument Cos., 95 Ames St., and 111 Trafalgar St., Rochester, N. Y. TAYLOR, Reginald F. (1915). Consulting Engr., 1106 Western Indemnity Bldg., and 5742 Rich mond Ave.. Dallas. Tex. TAYLOR, Thomas Smith (1921), Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.. Westinghouse Research Bldg., E. Pittsburgh, and Forest Hills Rd. .Forest Hills, Wilkensburg, Pa; TAZELAAR, Peter (Junior 1916),. Sales Engr., Commonwealth Brass Corp;, 48 E. 41st St., New York, N. Y., and 43 Fulton St., Bloomfield, N. J. TEMPLIN, Charles L. (1921), Engr., American Heat. & Vent. Co., 804 Times Dispatch Bldg., and (for mail) 810 N. Blvd., Richmond, Va. . TENKONOHY, Rudolph J. (1023??. Sales Engr.. American Blower Co., 2136 Oliver Bldg.. Pitts burgh, Pa., and 37 Stevens Ave., Highland Park, Mich. ` TERAN, Cesar* (1902), Pres., Teran-Lange, Inc.. Grand Central Terminal, New York, and Milburn St.. Bronxville. N. Y. TERRELL, Herbert A. (1915), Secy, and Treas., Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., 921 Lafayette Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa., and (for mail) Wenonah, N. J. THATCHER, George S. (1919), Pres., (for mail) Thatcher Heat. Co., 46 S. Broadway, and 140 Morningside Drive, Akron, O. THEISEN, Edwin F. (1922), Pres, and Heat. Engr.. Industrial PIbg. and Heat. Co.. 606 2nd St., and (for mail) 1835 Des Moines St.( Ft. Madison, la. . THEORELL, Hugo G. T.* (1902), Consulting Engr., 4 Skoldungatan, Stockholm, Sweden. THINN, Christian A. (1921). Asst. Sales Mgr. and Engr., C. A. Dunham Co.. 230 E. Ohio St., and 1721 Humboldt Blvd., Chicago, IlL ' THOMAS, Bernard A. (Junior 1923), Estimator, Mechanical Trade Co., Ltd., 64 University Ave., and (for mail) 162 Howard Park Ave., Toronto, Ont. THOMAS. Glegge (t923), Br. Mgr.. B. F. Sturtevant Co., 900 F St., N.W., Washington. D. C., and Box 71. Route 1, Roslyn, Va. THOMAS. Herbert G. (1917), (Secy., Illinois Chapter), Sales Engr., Warren Webster & Co., 549 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, and (for mail) 2312 Ridge Ave., Evanston, 111. THOMAS. Melvem F. (1909), (Pres., Ontario Chapter). Consulting Engr.. (for mail) R. 30-34. 229 College St., and 80 Indian Rd.. Toronto, Ont. THOMAS, R. H. (1920), Pres., (for mail) Economy Pumping Machinery Co., 122-124 N. Curtis St., Chicago, and Pres., Inland Iron Works, Joliet, and 426 Forest Ave., Oak Park, 111. THOMPSON, Arthur W. (Associate 1920), 88 Analomink St.. E. Stroudsburg. Pa. THOMPSON, James (1920), Pres., (for mail) Philadelphia Boiler Works. 1737 Filbert St., and Sunderland Apts., 35th and Powelton Ave.. Phil adelphia, Pa. THOMPSON, Nelson S (Junior 1897; 1917). Ch. Mech. and Elec. Engr.. Office of Supv. Archt.. U. S. Treas. Dept., and (for mail) 1615 Hobart St., N.W., Washington, D. C. THOMPSON, William P. (1915); (for mail) Thompson Bros., 520 Buttonwood St., and 1349 Colwyn St., Philadelphia, Pa. THOMSEN, William T. (1919), International Eng. & Supply Co., 1308 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. THORNTON. Roger T. (1919), Sales Engr., (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co.. 490 Broadway, and 108 Claremont Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. THRELFALL, William R. (Associate 1920), Pres.. W. R. Threlfall Eng. Co., 315 N. Main St., and (for mail) 146 S. Fountain St., Wichita, Kan. THRUSH, Homer A. (1918), Pres., (for mail) H. A. Thrush & Co., 21-23 E. River St., and 271 S. Broadway, Peru. Ind. . THUEM, Adolph E. (Junior 1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Bd. of Education, Concord St. and Flatbush Ave.. Brooklyn, and 444 E. 87th St.. New York. N. Y. TIBBETS, John C. (1920), Heat. & Vent. Engr.. B. & O. R. R. Co., 1303 B. & O. Central Bldg., Baltimore, and (for mail) EUicott City, Howard County, Md. TIMM, William H. (1915), Consulting Engr. and Archt.. 726 Perry Bldg., and 3322 N. Park Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. . TIMMERMAN, Manford M. (Junior 1921), Works Eng. Dept., Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co., E. Pittsburgh, and 427 Ella St., Wilkinsburg, Pa. Roll of Membership TIMMIS, Pierce (1920), Mech. Engr., (for mail) Dwight P. Robinson Co., 125 E. 46th St., New York, and 9440 86th Ave., Woodhaven, N. Y. TIMMIS, Walter S * (1911), (Council 1916,1917. 1920; 1st Vice-Pres. 1918; Pres. 1919). Consulting Engr.. 315 5th Ave., New York, and Hillside and Homer Lee Aves.. Jamaica, N. Y. TINKER, Wm. E. (Associate 1922), Nationat VAN INWAGEN, Frank (1916), Vice-Pres.. IUinois Eng. Co.. Racine Ave. at 21st St., Chicago, and 151 County Line Rd., Hinsdale, 111. VAN SICKLE, William B. (1915), Pres., W. B. Van Sickle Co., 707 Frankfort Ave., Clevelands and 1530 Grace Ave.. Lakewood, O. VAN TINE, C. H. (1921), The DeVore Co.. 908 Nichotas Bldg., Toledo, O. Radiator Co., Juniper and Arch Sts., Philadel phia. Pa. TISNOWER, William (1923), Heat. Engr., Bd. of Education, Concord St. and Flatbush Ave., VAN ZANDT, John H. (1914), Mgr., (for mail) John H. Van Zandt Co.. Mfgrs. Agt., 809 South western Life Bldg., and 4504 Live Oak St., Dallas, Tex. Brooklyn, and 640 Academy St.. Astoria, N. Y. TITZELL, J. Edgar (1923), Mgr., Eastern Dist. Sales Office. Gen. Boilers Co.. 101 Park Ave., and (for mail) 132 W. 88th St., New York, N. YTJERSLAND. Alf. (Junior 1906; 1916), E. Sunde VAUX, Frederick J. (1919), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr., Monitor Bi-Loop Radiator Co., 538 Woolworth Bldg., and (for mail) 834 Marietta Ave., Lancaster. Pa. VAUX, Noble (Associate 1923). Heat. Engr., R. T. & Co., Christiania, Norway. TOBIN, George J. (190`). Contracting Engr., 187-91 North Ave., and 510 Grant Ave., Plainfield, N. J. TODD. James (1922), Pres.. Sterling Varnish Co., 528 Fulton Bldg., Pittsburgh, and Sewickley, Pa. TOENNIGES, George G. (1915), Sales Engr., Dewar & Carrington, 153 N. Desplaines St., Chicago, III. TOOKER, Charles G. (1918), Heat. Engr., 113 N. 27th St., and (for mail) 208 Terry Ave., Billings, Mont. TOWSON, William W.. Jr. (Associate 1918). 1220 New York Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C. Vaux & Son, 12 Fawcett St., and (for mail) 11 Holemelands Park, S.. Sunderland, England. VERNER, William F * (1913), (for maU) Verner, Wilhelm & Molby, 603 Book Bldg., Detroit, and 908 Lincoln Ave., Ann Arbor. Mich. VIVARTTAS, Eugene A. (1910), Consulting Engr., 10 1st St., Troy, N. Y. VOGEL, Adolph H. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Urtaner-Atwood Co., 1446 S. 2nd St., and (for mail) 3512a Humphrey St., St. Louis, Mo. VOIGT, Charles O. (1921), Buffalo Forge Co., 1720 California St., and 2073 S. Clayton St,, Denver, Col. TRANE, Reuben N. (1915). Pres., Trane Co.. 127 S. 6th St., and 1720 Cass St., LaCrosse, Wis. TREAT, Edwin J. (Associate 1911; 1912). Auto force Vent. System, and 580 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, N. Y. TREE, Russell T. (1921), Engr., (for mail) Carrier VOORHEES, Guy A. (1922). Engr., Century Heat. Service Co., 32-36 W. 10th St., and (for mail) 3451 Broadway, Indianapolis, Ind. W Eng. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. TRIPP, Louis H. (1915), 3317 R St., N. W.. Washington, D. C. TRUITT*, Joseph E. (Associate 1911; 1920), Pres., Autovent Fan & Blower Co.. 730-738 W. Monroe St.. Chicago. IU. WACHTER, John A. (1914), Engr., Cuyler & Mohler, 611 William St., Baltimore, Md. WADDINGTON, Bertram C. (1922). Dist. Mgr., Natkin Eng. Co.. 706 World-Herald Bldg., and 105 Turner St., Omaha, Nebr. WADDINGTON, Earle C. (1917), Sales Engr., TURNO, Walter G. W. (Associate 1912; 1917). Engr. and Estimator, 71 Lafayette Ave., East Orange, N. J. TUSCH, Walter (1917), Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Tenney & Ohmes, 101 Park Ave., New York, and 881 Sterling PI., Brooklyn. N. Y. TUTTLE, J. Frank (1913), (Pres. .Massachusetts (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 208 Mutual Bldg., and 3230 Tracy Ave., Kansas City, Mo. WADLEY, Calvin P. (1919). Pres., (for mail) Excelso Specialty Works, Inc., 119 Clinton St., and 136 Goulding Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. WAGENER, Robert N. (Junior 1915), Wagener Steam Pump Co., Canton, O. Chapter). Mgr., Warren Webster & Co., 220 Devonshire St., Boston, and Winchester, Mass. TWEED, Carleton F. (1916), Consulting Engr., Tweed & Kerr,- Metropolitan Bank Bldg., Min neapolis. and Sellwood Bldg., Duluth, Minn. TWIST, Charles F. (1921), Ashwell & Twist. 2127 1st Ave.. Seattle, Wash. TYLER, Frank T. (1922), Mgr. Estimating Dept.. Herman Nelson Corp., and 1615 8th Ave., Moline, 111. WAGNER, A. M. (Associate 1921). Mgr., Ameri can Radiator Co.. 688 Hampden Ave., St. Paul, and 1626 W. 25th St.. Minneapolis, Minn. WAGNER, John P. (Associate 1921), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Success Heater & Mfg. Co., 1015 Murphy St., and 4333 Grand Ave., Des Moines, la. WALKER, James B. (1919), Secy, and Treas.. (for maU) Pittsburgh Heat. Co.. 8 Wood St., and 202 Irquois Apt., Pittsburgh, Pa. U UHL, Willard F. (1918), Sales Engr.. (for mail) Uhi Co.. 305 Metropolitan Bank Bldg., and 4716 Lyndale Ave.. S., Minneapolis. Minn. UHLHORN, W. J. (1920). Sales Engr., Drying Systems, Inc., 11 S. Desplaines St., and (for mail) 5950 W. Lake St., Chicago. IU. UNDERHILL, William W. (1913), Treas., StoneUnderhill Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave., Boston, and 15 Kenwood St., Brookline, Mass. UPINGTON. George P. (1917). Sales Engr., American Blower Co., 50 Church St., New York> and (for mail) 770 Greene Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y] WALKER, James H.* (1916), Supt., Central Heat., (for mail) Detroit Edison Co., 2000 2nd Ave., and 1520 Virginia Park, Detroit, Mich. WALLACE, Albert (1921), Mfgrs. Repr., Frank Prox Boilers & Heat. Specialties. 401 Jacobson Bldg., and (for mail) 2971 Irving St.. Denver, Col. WALLACE, John F. (1921), Secy., Treas. and Mgr., Wallace Plbg. Co., 1509 Tremont PI., and (for mail) 1320 S. Josephine St., Denver, Col. WALLICH, A. C. (1919), (for mail) BrunswickKroeschell Co.. 1832 Gratiot Ave., and 1211 E. Grand Blvd., Detroit, Mich. WALMSLEY, Chas. (Associate 1921), Sales . Engr., D. & T. Mfg. Co., 3001 La Salle St., and V (for mail) 6714 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo: VAILE, Rawson (1921), American Blower Co., Detroit, Mich. VALENTINE, Floyd H.* (1912), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Mayer, Valentine and Cameron, R. 204. Erie Bldg., and 3019 EdgehiU Rd., Cleve land. O. . VANCE, Louis G. (1919), Dist. Mgr., (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., Gunther Bldg., and 3601 Garrison Ave., Baltimore, Md. WALSH, Arthur F. (Associate 1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr., 2242 E. 75th St., and 7536 S. Shore Drive, Chicago, III. WALSH, JoSfeph G. (1919), Sales Engr., (for mail) McAlear Mfg. Co., 409 Reliance Bldg., and 4406 Main St.. Kansas City, Mo. WALTERS, William T. (1917), Engr., Illinois Eng. Co., W. 21st St. and Racine Ave., and (for mail) 9036 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111. 389 Roll of Membership WAJLTERTHUM, John J. (Associate 1922), Supt., Arthur Janes Co., 138 E. 59th St., New York, N. Y.t and (for mail) 834 Grand St., Jersey City, N. J. WALTHER, Harry J. (1919), (for mail) Mgr. Heat. Dept,, Henry B. Pancoast Co., 946-62 N. Front St., and 1125 Lindley Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. WALTHER, Owen N. (1919), Treas., (for mail) York Heat. & Vent. Corp., 1502 Locust St., and Engineers' Club. Philadelphia, Pa. WALTON, Hiram L. (1916), Mech. Engr.. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg. Detroit, and 218 Monterey Ave., Highland Park, Mich. WARD, Jerry J. (Associate 1921), (for mail) Wenzler & Ward, 2705 First Ave., and 615 Federal Ave.. Seattle, Wash. WARD, Oscar G. (1919), Dist. Mgr., (for mail) Johnson Service Co., 517 Boston Bldg., and 303 Waldman Apts.. Denver, Col. WARNKE, Fred E. (Associate 1921), Sales Mgr. Spencer Turbine Co., 2848 Prospect Ave., Cleve land, and 2641 Taylor Rd., Cleveland, 'Heights O. WARREN, Clarence N. (1919), Vice-Pres. and . Engr., Hayes Bros., Inc., 236 W. Vermont St., and (for mail) 419 E. 48th St., Indianapolis. Ind. WATKINS, James A. (1919), Asst. Ch. Engr., American Blower Co.. 6004 Russell St., and 9121 3rd Ave.. Detroit, Mich. WATTERS, Peter J. (1921), Mgr., John Watters, 67 Richmond Ave., and (for mail) 52 Ann St., Port Richmond, Staten Island. N. Y. WEAGER, T. A. (1920), Mgr., Buffalo Forge Co., Kirby Bldg., Cleveland, and 3124 Berkshire Rd., Cleveland Heights, O. WEBB, John S. (1920), 68 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. , WEBER, Erwin L. (1921), Consulting Engr., 723 Seaboard Bldg., and 3046 18th Ave., S., Seattle, Wash. ' WEBER. G. A. (1922), Heat. Engr., (for mail) McGinness, Smith Co., 435 Water St., Pitts burgh. and 188 Kendall Ave., Bellevue, Pa. WEBSTER, E. Kessler (1915), Secy, and AssC Gen. Mgr., Warren Webster & Co., Point and Pearl Sts., and 418 N. 5th St., Camden, N. J. WEBSTER, Warren (Associate 1899* 1906), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Warren Webster & Co., Point and Pearl Sts., Camden, N. J. WEGMANN, Albert (1918), Blower & Vent. Engr., A. & W. Wegmann. 2207 N. 27th St., and (for mail) 2842 N. Bonsai! St., Philadelphia. Pa. WEIBERT, Chas. J. (1921). (for mail) Weibert WESCHLER, Geo. A. (1923), Prof, of Mech. Eng.. Catholic University of America, and Consulting Engr., 303 Mills Bldg., and (for mail) 1243 Monroe St., N. E. Washington, D. C. WEST, Perry (1911). (Council 1920-1923), Execu tive Engr. and Secy., (for mail) Anti-Corrosion , Eng. Co.. 117 W. 54th St., New York. N. Y.. and 322 Park Ave., Newark, N. J. ' WHEELER, Charles W. (1916), Br. Mgr., (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 910 May Bldg.. Pitts burgh, and Allison Park, Pa. WHEELER, Kenneth E. (1922), Wheeler & Sons, la Victoria Gardens, Notting Hill, London, W. 11, and 88 Hanover Court, St. Johns Wood, London, N.W. 8. England. WHEELER, Otto J. (1923). Mgr. and Secy., Samuel A. Esswein Heat. & Plbg. Co., 96 W. Broad St., and (for mail) 504 Linwood Ave., Columbus. O. WHEELOCK, Harry C. (1919), 118 College SU . Burlington, Vt. WHELLER, Harry S. (1916), Vice-Pres., L. J. Wing Mfg. Co., 352 W. 13th St., New York. N. Y., and (for mail) 230 Stiles St., Elizabeth, N. J. WHITBY, Stephen S. (Associate 1922), Salesman. Chicago Pump Co., and Gillis & Geoghegan,. 1503 Sansom St., and (for mail) 127 E. Upsal St.; Philadelphia, Pa. WHITE, Everett A. (1921), Mgr. Heat. Dept., (for mail) Crane Co., 30 S. 16th St., and 3115a Nebraska Ave., St. Louis, Mo. WHITE, Eiwood S. (1921), Pres, and Treas.; Thermal Appliance Co., Inc., 342 Madison Ave., New York, and 18 North Lane, Glen Cove; N. Y. WHITELEY, James (1919), Consulting Engr., Whiteley and Sanders, 406 Marquette Bldg., and (for mail) 1166 E. Lawn Ave., Detroit. Mich. WHITEMAN, W. R. (Associate 1921). Salesman. Ozone Pure Airifier Co., 1401 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111. WHITTEMORE, Edward H. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., (for mail) Lord Construction Co., ` 112 Water St.. Boston, and 12 Edgemont St., Roslindale, Mass. WHITTEN, Herbert W.* (Associate 1908; 1909), Br. Mgr., (for mail) Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Co., 619 E. 13th Ave., and 1031 Harrison St., Denver, Col. WHITTLESEY, Grant (1919), Power Plant Spe cialties, (for mail) 844 Ellicott Sq., and 458 Park- side Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. WHY, H. Berkeley (1919), Construction Engr., (for mail), 312 Earlham Terrace, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. & Chapman, 331 Vanderbilt Ave., and 89 Lewis Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. WEIDER, Frederick J. (1919), Mgr. and Treas; Barr & Creelman Co., 74 Exchange St., and 40 Kenwood Ave., Rochester, N. Y. WEIMER, Fred G. (Associate 1919), Br. Mgr., Kewanee Boiler Co., 834-5 Merchants & Mfgrs. Bank Bldg., and (for mail) 1308 Stowell Ave., Milwaukee. Wis. WEINSHANK, Theodore* (1906), (Board of Governors 1913), (for mail) Weinshank & Fen- stermaker, 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg., and 2341 N. Delaware St., Indianapolis, Ind. WEISS, Irwin I. (Junior 1921), (for mail) Weiss Heat, and Plbg. Co.. 5604 Cedar Ave., and 9906 Pierpont Ave., Cleveland, O. ' . WELAMB, Victor N. (1918), Contr. Muench, Welamb Co., 135 N. 22nd St., and (for mail) 1741 N. 33rd St., Philadelphia, Pa. . WELKER, Arthur E. (1918), Price & Welker. 707 Canal Rd., Cleveland, and 1299 Hall Ave., Lake wood. O. WELSH, Harry S. (1906). Pres, and Mgr., Boiler & Radiator Corp., David Bldg., 154 East Ave., . and 4 Lake View Terrace, Rochester, N.'Y. WENDT, Edgar F. (1918), Vice-Pres. and Treas.. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, and 731 Lafayette Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. . WENDT, Henry W. (1917), Pres., (for. mail) WIDDICOMBE, Robert A. (1903), 26 N. Jef ferson St., Chicago, 111. ` WIEGNER, Henry B. (1919), Mgr., Johnson Service Co., 31 Waltham St., Boston, and 77 Chester Rd., Belmont, Mass. WILBUR, Edwin R. (1921), Salesman, Morgan- Gerrish Co., 501 6th St., S., and 2902 James Ave., S- Minneapolis, Minn. WILCOX, Oscar H. (Associate 1917), Salesman. Ideal Furnace Co.. 530 Jefferson Ave., and 2545 Canton Ave.. Detroit. Mich. : WILCOX, William (1916). Dist, Engr., (for mail) Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., 50 Congress St., Boston, Mass. .- WILD, Walter H. (Associate 1921), Mfgr. Agt., (for mail) General Boilers Co., 1525 Land Title Bldg., Philadelphia, and 122 Cynwyd Rd.. Cynwyd, Pa. WILDE, Ray S. M. (1916), Consulting Engr., (for mail) 305 Huron Bldg., Detroit, and 194 Con necticut Ave., Highland Park, Mich. WILDER, Edward L. (1915), Elec, and Mech. Engr.. Rochester Gas & Electric Corp., 34 Clinton Ave., N.. Rochester, N. Y. WILEY, Chas. S. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Eastman Kodak Co., Kodak Park, and 239 Mul berry St., Rochester, N. Y. WILEY, Edgar C. (1909), Consulting Engr., Wiley & Wilson. Lynchburg, Va. ' Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, and 633 I^afayette Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. WILHELM, Dean B. (1914), Axford Acres. Clyde, Mich. . 390 Roll of Membership WILLARD, Arthur C.* (1914), Prof, of Heat, and Vent, and Head of Dept, of Mech. Eng., (for . mail) University of Illinois, and 1208 W. Cali fornia Ave., Urbana, 111. ' WILLIAMS, Allen W. (Associate 1915), Secy- National Warm Air Heat, and Vent. Assn., 52 WISE, Frank W. (Associate 1918). Engr- (for mail) General Boilers Co- 1627 Main St- and 2800 Independence Ave- Kansas City, Mo. WITKOWSKY, Fred A. (1920). Salesman, U. S. Radiator Corp- 523 Discount Bldg- and (for mail) 13712 Chautauqua Ave- N.E.. Cleveland, W. Gay St., Columbus, O. WILLIAMS, J. Walter (1915), Pres, and Treas.. Forest City Plbg. Co., 332 E. State St., Ithaca. N. Y. ' WILLIAMSON, Arthur . H. (Associate 1915). Mgr., American Radiator Co.. Broadway and O. WIX, William H. (1921), Sales Engr- Hart & Crouse Co- R. 603, Hoffman Bldg- Baltimore, Md. WOLFE, Roy (1923). Vice-Pres. and Engr., Huffman-Wolfe Co- 669 N. High St., Columbus. Grand River Ave.. Barium Bldg., and 1242 Glynn Court, Detroit, Mich. WILLIAMSON, Fred W. (1914). Consulting., Engr., 324 New York Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. WILLIAMSON, George R. (1920). Sales Engr., The Mouat Co., 1246 W. 4th St., and (for O. WOLFF, Richard A. (Junior 1915; 1919), Pres- Wolff & Munier, Inc- 405 Lexington Ave- and 606 W. 115th St- New York, N. Y. . WOMRATH, George F. (1920), Bus. Supt. Min neapolis Bd. of Education, 305 City Hall, and mail) 360 E- 105th St.. Cleveland, O- - WILLIS, F. H. (1921), (Pres., Colorado Chapter), Ch. Engr., Heat, and Vent. Div., Wm. N. Bow man Co., R. 914, Central Savings Bank Bldg.. 1111 Jackson St., Denver, Col. . WILMOT, Charles S. (1919). Research Engr. and (for mail) 3215 S. Irving Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. .. WOOLLEY, Thomas R. (1916). Sales Engr-. Woolley Eng. Sales Co- 661 W. Jefferson Ave- and (for maU) 920 Seward Ave- Detroit, Mich. . WOOLSTON, A. H. (1919), Engr- Bowers Bros.. Works, Mgr., Monitor Bi-Loop Radiator Co- & Co- 2015 Sansom St- and 4815 N. 12th St-, Harrisburg Ave., Lancaster, Pa- and (for mail) 203 2nd Ave- Haddon Heights, N. J. WILSON, Benjamin W. (1922), Heat, and Vent, Engr., Ballinger Co- S.E., Cor. 12th and Chest nut Sts- and (for mail) 846 Perkiomen St- Phila Philadelphia. Pa. ' WORSHAM, Herman (Junior 1918), Sales Engr- (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp- 1144 Prudential Bldg- and 37 Manchester PI- Buffalo, N; Y. WORTHINGTON, Thomas (1922). Heat. Engr., delphia, Pa. . WILSON, Charles H. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Fuller & Warren Co- and (for mail) 468 Pawling Ave- Troy, N. Y. WILSON, Ernest J. F. (1923), Consulting Engr- Wiley & Wilson, 908 National Bank Bldg- Dominion Radiator Co- Toronto, and 141 Albany Ave- Toronto, Ont. WRIGHT. Harris H. (1917), Mgr- C. A. Dunham Co- 1627 Main St- and 1214 E. Gillham St- Kansas City, Mo. WRIGHT, K. (1921), Mgr- Johnson Service Co- Lynchburg, Va. WILSON, Eugene K. (1919), (for mail) Wilson & 319 Gwynne Bldg- Cincinnati, O* ` WYLIE, Howard M. (Junior 1917). Sales Mgr.,* Co- 1017 Duke St- and 12 Lafayette Blvd- Nash Eng. Co- S. Norwalk, Conn. . Norfolk, Va. . WILSON, Frederick A. (1910), Sales Engr- Heat, and Vent. Dept- Wm. Highton & Sons Co- and Y (for mail) 3 Tyler St- Nashua, N. H. WILSON, Harry A. (1903). Moosup, Conn. WILSON, J. J. (Charter Member). Consulting YAGER, John J. (1921), Secy- Goergen-Mackwirth Co- Inc- 817 Sycamore St- and (for mail) Engr- 5514 Paschall Ave- Philadelphia, Pa. WILSON, Lewis H- Jr. (Junior 1921), Crane Co- 272 Carlton St- Buffalo. N. Y. YARDLEY, Ralph W. (1920). Superv. Engr- 245 Master St- Philadelphia, Pa- and (for mail) 302 Linden St- Camden^N. J. WINSBOROUGH, William C. (Associate 1920), Dist. Boiler Sales Repr., Abram Cox Stove Co- Memphis Municipal Auditorium Commission, and 865 Washington Ave- Memphis, Tenn. ' YATES, Walter (1902), Managing Director, Mat thews & Yates, Ltd- Swinton, Manchester, Eng 1412 Syndicate Trust Bldg- St. Louis,. Mo. . WINTER, Frank M. (1921), Sales Repr- Hugo land. ' YOUNG, Robert L. (1915), Mech. Engr., Johns- Mfg. Co. of Duluth, Minn- 2231 W. Washington ManviUe, Inc., 210 N. Broad St- and 522 N. St., Los Angeles, and 7353 Jasmine Ave- Palms, 55th St- Philadelphia, Pa. 1 Cal. _. WINTERBOTTOM, John W. (1915), Vice-Pres. and Engr- Inland Supply Co- 4630 W. Augusta Z St- Chicago, III. WINTERBOTTOM, R. F. (Associate 1923), In land Supply Co- 4630 W. Augusta St., Chicago, 111- and (for mail) P. O. Box 2217, Sta. A, Water loo. Ia. __ WINTERER, Frank C- (1920), Heat. Dept- (for mail) Cochran-Sargent Co- 5th and Sibley Sts- and 690 Randolph St- St. Paul. Minn. WINTERER, Raymond J. (1919), Mgr- Heat. Dept- Crane & Ordway Co- 5th and Rosabel Sts- and (for mail) 197 S. Fairview St- St. Paul, Minn. ' ZECK, Alex. (1904), Mgr- A. Zeck & Son. Morgan town, W. Va. ZIMMER, George J. (1921), Engr.,* (for mail) Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co- 415 Spitzer Bldg- and 2221 Maplewood Ave- Toledo, O. ZIRHUT, George A. (Associate 1922), Onarga Plbg. & Heat. Co- P; O. Box 33, Onarga, IU. ZOKELT, G. G. (1921). Ch. Draftsman. Dept. Bldg. & Grounds. Seattle School Dist. No. 1, 510 Dexter Ave- and (for mail) 2355 16th Ave- S- Seattle, Wash. ' 391 Summary of Membership Alabama............................ California.-...................... Colorado............................ Connecticut.--............... Delaware.......................... District of Columbia. Florida................................ Georgia............................... Illinois................................ Indiana............................. Iowa............................... .. Kansas.............................. -Kentucky.......................... Louisiana.......................... Maine.................................. Maryland......................... Massachusetts.............. Michigan-........................ Minnesota........................ Mississippi..................... Missouri........................... Montana.......................... UNITED STATES ..............3 ............11 ............23 ............19 ..............3 ............20 ...............1 ............13 ..........206 ............24 -----------6 ..............8 ..............1 ..............1 ...............2 ............17 .............69 .........113 ...........60 .......... 2 .........105 .............5 Nebraska................ New Hampshire. New JerseyTM........... New York.............. North Carolina.. Ohio.............!............. Oklahoma--.......... Oregon...................... Pennsylvania.____ Rhode Island......... South Dakota....... Tennessee............. Texas......................... Utah_......................... Vermont................. VirginiaTM.................. Washington.......... West Virginia........ Wisconsin............... Wyoming................. .5 ...........1 ......44 .....315 .........6 .....114 ..........4 _____4 .....285 ..........7 .........2 ........ 5 .......10 ..........1 .........3 ......14 .......23 .........4 .......19 1.579 FOREIGN COUNTRIES Canada...........................................................................................45 China................................................................... 6 Denmark........................................................................................2 England........................................................................................ 23 France...................................................................................... 2 Germany.................................................... Ireland..............................................................................................1 Japan..............................................................................................3 New Zealand................................................ I Norway..............................................................................................1 Sweden..............................................................................................1 Switzerland.............................................................................. Turkey............................................................................................1 1 88 Total Membership...................................................1,667 SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP BY GRADES Honorary Members..................................................................... 2 Members...............................................................................................................1,387 Associate Members...............................................................................................192 Junior Members........................................................................................................86 1.667 \ 392 LIST OF MEMBERS Arranged Geographically UNITED STATES ALABAMA Birmingham-- Bunnell. E. W. Li'chty, C. P. Lide. M. J. CALIFORNIA Los Angeles-- Hanes, J. W. E. Jones. E. A. Larimer, G. B. Mahafley, R. M. Winter. F. M. . San Francisco-- . Haley. H. S. Krueger. J. I. Leland. W. E. .. San Pedro-- ' Medenwald. A. L. Santa Barbara-- Gilson. H. J. Watts-- Garrison, J. H. COLORADO . Colorado Springs-- McCarthy, T. Denver-- Bradbury, G. L. Cullyford. F. S. Daly, J. H. Deranleau. R. L. Fietding. H. H. Foley, W. J. Fuller. R. K. Larimer. W. M. McClellan. J. E. Michael. L. A. Pfeiffer. J. F. Price. F. E. Pursell, H. E. Reuter, A. G. Steiner, J. G. Stoltenberg, T. R. Voigt. C. O. Wallace. A. Wallace. J. F. Ward, O. G. Whitten. H. W. Willis. F. H. CONNECTICUT Hartford-- Anderson. H. J. Lennox, F. J. (Elmwood) Libby. L. R. Purcell. A. J. Moosup-- Wilson. H. A. New Britain-- Cadwell. W. H. New Haven-- Breckenridge, L. P. Dibble. A. B. Donnelly. W. C. Hoyt. W. B. Lockwood. E. H. New London-- Forsberg. W. Hopson, W. T. South Norwalk-- Wylie, H. M. Stamford-- Blackman, A. O. Waterbury-- Ryan. T. F. Simoson. W. K. Skelly, J. F. Wlnsted-- Hutton. W. ' DELAWARE Wilmington-- Gawthorp. F. H. Lownsbery. B. F. Schoenijahn, R. P. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington-- Bradbury, C. R. Burnett, E. S. Cooley. M. S. Coward. H. T. Dickinson, H. C. Febrey. E. J. Gardner. S. F. Goldstein. A. M. Miller. M. E. Mueller. E. F. Munro, E. A. Munro, E. K. Myers. D. R. Russell. H. C. Stock. E. L. Thomas. G. -Thompson. N. S. Towson, W. W., Jr. Tripp. L. H. Weschler, G. A. FLORIDA Jacksonville-- Furman. C. W. GEORGIA Atlanta-- Alger, R. W. Baker, I. C. Beggs. D. T. Fora, J. A. Frederick, L. M. Guest, P. L. Harbuck, J. H. Klein. E. W. Manning, A. J. Pottinger, C. T. Rhodes, S. V. Schilling, C. L. Columbus--- Denson, W. ILLINOIS Belleville-- Karr, T., Jr. Bloomington-- Howell. L. Soper, H. A. Champaign-- Brownell, C. D. Knowles, C. H. Chicago-- Allan. C. D. Allen. H. D. Ande3. F. J. Arenberg. M. K. Armspach, O. W. Atherton, G. R. Barrows. C. E. Benoit, W. E. Best. J. H. Black. F. C. Blanding. G. H. Blomfeldt, A. A. Bloom. S. C. Boswin. G. A. Boylston, A. W. Boylston, J. Brady. B. W. Braun, L. T. ,, Burger. J. C. Calkins. L. D. Capron, E.rF._ Cartland, S. Casey. B. L. Chatterdon. B. W. Chenoweth. W.H., Jr. Cheyney, C. C. 393 Chubb. J. E. Claffey. E. J. Crawford. W. B. CTone, C. E. Currier. C. H. Cutler. J. A. Cutter, E. H. Davis. F. R. Davis. J. H. Dewar, J. G. Diebold, C. M. L. Doherty, J. Douglass, T. C. Drinkwater, E. L. Dunham, C. A. Eaton, B. K. EtUs, W. C. . Emraert. L. D. Ensign. R. M. Evans. C. E. Evans, R. S. : Ferreira, F. F. , Finan, J. J.. Sr. , Frank. J. M. Furman, J. R. Gardner, W., Jr. Gemeny, W. J. Getschow. G. M. Getschow. R. M. Gifford. R. L. Glennon. C. Good. M. C. Graves. W. B. Grebe. H. W. Griffin. W. H. Haines. J. J. Hamilton, H.t Jr. Hand. W. L. Hansen. J. Harbula, M. G. Harris. H. A. Harrison, B. S. Hart. H. M. Hayes. J. J. Hayward, R. B. Heck, G. L., Jr. Heckel. E. P. Henrich. G. A. Herlihy. G..F. Herlihy. J. J. Hill. Dr. E. V. Hoier. W. V. Hoover, H. E. Horming. J. C. Howatt, J. Hubbard, G, W. Impey, P. F. . Jackson, C. J. Jenson, J. S. Jewell, G. H. Johnson. C. W. Jolliffe. A. H. Roll of Membership Keeney, F. P. Kehm. A. Kellogg, C. V. Kimbrough, H. C. Kirk, G. H. Kohlbry. E. G. Lagodzinslri. H. J. Lamb, F. W. Lautenschlager, F. Lees, H. K. Lenone. J. M. . Lewis, S. R. Lindeman, R. F. Linn. H. R. Lippe, E. V. Lippman, O. S. Loehr, J. R. Lohman, W. J. Luce. G. D., Jr. McCauley, J. H., Jr. McConnor. C. R. McEvoy, W. J. McGregor. G. H. McLelland, H. B. Martin, A. B.. Mathis, E. Mathis. H. Mathis. J. W. Matzen, H. B. Mauer, W. J. Mehring, G. Menk, R, W. Mertz, W. A. Meyer, J. S. Miller, F. A. Miller. J. E. Monaghan, T. H. Moran, F. E. Muir, G. A. Muth. H. Nacey. H. M. Narowetz, L. L., Jr. Neiler. S. G. Nelson, B. Newberg, H. O. Newport, C. F. Nllson. A. Nulsen, C. A. Pegram, W. A. Pittsford, W. A. Pope, S. A. Pope, W. A. Powers. F. W. Richardson. A. H. Ridley, E. P. Rogers. C. W. Rollins, L. M. Rosenbach, R. G. Ryan. H. B. Scbeidecker, D. B. Sheriffs, W. A. Shultz, E. Simonsen, L. A. : Small, J. D. Smith. G. P. Soper, I. N. Spielman, G. P. Stannard, J. M. Stark. I. S. . Stedman, C. N. Stockenberg, R. Storm, E. S. ' Sutcliffe, A. G. : Thinn. C. A. Thomas. H. G. ' Thomas, R. H. Toenniges. G. C. Truitt. J. E. Uhlhorn. W. J. Van Inwagen, F. Walsh. A. F. : Walters, W. T. Whiteman, W. R. Widdicombe. R. A. Winterbottom, J. W. Winterbottom. R. F. Decatur-- Shorb. W. A. Michigan City-- StockweU, W. R. Edwardsville-- Blackmore, F. H. Elmhurst-- McKinnon. D. Evanston-- Bear, O. L. Granite City-- Bergner, W. G. Joliet-- Henschen, L. H. Peru-- Pyle. J. W. Thrush. H. A. Terre Haute--. Prox. R. E. IOWA Cellar Rapids-- Motejl. J. A/ Des Moines-- Wagner. J. P. Kewanee-- Baker, E. E. Bronson. C. E. Dickson. R. B. Moline-- Nelson, H. W. Nordine, L. F. Otis, G. E. Tyler. F. T. Mt. Vernon-- Miller. H. N. -v- Oak Park-- Alexander. A. D. March, R. C. May, E. A. Olney-- French, B. P. Dubuque-- Molo. H. E. Ft. Madison-- Theisen, E. F. ' . LeMars-- Mathey, N. J. Sioux City-- Orr. M/J. KANSAS Atchison--- Davis. C. E. . Emporia-- Burnap, C. W. Hill, C. H. Independence-- Onarga-- . Stitt. H. B. . Zirhut, G. A. . Peoria-- Bohn. R/G. Robb. J. M. Urbana-- Willard. A. C.. Waukegan-- _ . Reynolds, H. M. Winnetka-- Ellis. E. E. INDIANA j Sellars, F. J. Manhattan-- - Hull. B; R: Wichita-- Odell, N. Smith. E. C. ThrelfaU. W. R. KENTUCKY Louisville-- Lewis, J. C. LOUISIANA New Orleans-- Cooper, M. A. Hammond-- Crannell, C. A. Indianapolis-- Ammerman, C. R. Cones. B. Fenstermaker, S. E. Fleming, A. W. Gray, W. E. Hagedon, C. H. Hayes, J. G. LaFollette, B. E. Perham, S. H. Repp, H. L. Rotz. J. M. Seltzer, A. P. Sproull, H. E. Voorhees. G. A. Warren, C. N. Weinshank, T. ' LaFayette-- Bushnell, C. D. Hoffman, J. D. Noland. R. W. Orth, J. W. MAINE Portland-- Fels. A. B. Merrill. C. J. MARYLAND Baltimore--. Adams. H. Berger, C. D. Colfier, W. I. Dorsey, F. C. Eisert, H. King. C. T. Kries, H. A. LeUich, R. L. McCrea, L. W. ' ! zveeaer, i*. Rogers, G; H.. . (Ltnthicum Heights) Seippei, J. H. Tibbetts^ J-. C. Vance, L.' G. Wachter, J. A. Wix. W. H. 394 MASSACHUSETTS Boston-- Adams. D. Andrews, B. R. Barton, R. E. Boardman, W. E. Boyden, D. S. Brinton, J. W. ' Brooks, T. C. Bryant, Dr. A. GClough. L. Connell, H. E. Cooper, F. I. name, v,. x. Davidson, P. L. Densmore, E. D. Drinker, P. Dusossoit, E. A. Dwyer, J. P., Jr. Ellis, F. R. Flint, C. T. . (Cambridge) Foulds. P. A. L." ' Franklin, R. S. Gilling, W. F. Gilmore, F. P. Goodrich, C. F. Heath, F. R. Herrick, D. A. . . Higgins, J. M. (Cambridge) Hodgdon. H. A. Hubbard, A. , Ingalls, F. D. B. . Kellogg, A. - Kenneally, V. J.. Kimball, C. W. Klonower, A. A. Lyle, E. T. McKenna. W. N. MacDonald, J. W. Mason, O. A. . Myrick, J. W. ' Norton, A. E. (Cambridge) Page. H. W. Parker. P. Preble, J. J. Scheibel, A. H. Shaw, R. E. Smallman. W. T. Stetson, L. R. Stone. E. R. Suits, G. A. Tuttle. J. F. Underhill, W. W, Webb. J. S. Whittemore. E. H. Wiegner. H. B. Wilcox, W. , Brookline-- . . Pierce, E. R. Fitchburg-- Karlson. A. F. Lowell-- Morris. E. A. Lynn-- Crocker. R. B. Morgan, F. H.' Pool. S. H. Reardon, J.'A. . Melrose-- Smallman, E. W. Milton-- MacKinnon, C. W. Newtonville-- .; Jones, W. T. Roll of Membership Pittsfield-- Robbins. L. G. Somerville-- Swaney. C. R. Watertown-- Bartlett, A. C. MICHIGAN Ann Arbor-- Backus. T. H. L. Emswiler. J. E. Hutzel. A. p; Berrien Springs-- Bodtke, M. Clyde-- ? Wilhelm. D. B. Detroit-- ' ` Addy, R. Arnold, R. S. Ballenger, D. P. Bolton, J. R. Brender. P. E. Brown, E. R. Brown, W. G. Calvert, N. W.. Cassell, H. H. Chester. T. . . Clark. E. H. -/ Clise, F. W. - : Cockburn, L. S. Coffey, J. B. Collamore. R. Connell. R. F. , Coon, T. E. - Dauch, E. O.; Davis, L. J. Decker. E. M. \Degan, J. E. Diebolt. N. J. Dill. J. B. Downs. E. L. Dwyer, J. V. Foster, W. M. , Fuller. J. L.. : Giguere, G. H. Goss. M. H. Graeff. R. J. Hamlin, Hv A. Harms. W. T. Harrigan, E. M. Harris. E. E. Hill, N. J. Hillman, R. W. - Hogan. E. L. - Hubbard. N. B. Hvoslef, F. W. Johnson, F. W. Johnston. W. B. Kaplan, J. Killian, M. A. Klaus, M. ' Knight, A. B. Linhard. H. V. . Little. C. W. Little. E. R. Locker, C. W. - Lovelace, J. A. * McClymont, B. W. McCoU. J. R. McDonald, J. C. Mclntire, j. F. - McLean. D. McNair, E. E. - McSorley, C. M. Marty, E. O. Meyer,-J. W., Jr. Miller, J. F. G. Morgan. C. S. .Morgan, S. H.- * Morse, -C..T., Offer. L. A. Paetz, H. E. Parrott, L. G. Partlan, J. W. Pattison, G. B. Peckham, R. R. Petherick, D. H. Pittelkow, A. G. Purcell. R- E.` Richardson, C. B. . Roney, T. G. - Rowe. W. A. Saulson, S. Schildmiller, G. H. Shuell, F. W. Skagerberg, R. Smith, D. C. Smith, L. L. Snell. E. Snyder, J. W. Soderberg, C. H. Spitzley, R. L. Taylor. T. C. - Vaile, R. Vemer. W. F. Walker, J. H. Wallich, A. C. Walton, H. L. Watkins, J. A. Whiteley, J. ' Wilcox, O. H. Wilde, R. (S. M. Williamson, A. H. Wooley, T. R. Dowaglac-- Firestone. J. F. Flint-- Henderson. T. J. Grand Rapids-- Pearson, H. D. Taplin, N. W. Holland-- Chery^n. V. W. Kalamazoo-- , Blaney, C. A. Kersjes, W. Monroe, L. O: Lansing-- Distel, F.. Jr. Saginaw-- Swartwout, J. D. Standlsh-- Burr, R. J. MINNESOTA Duluth__ - Bishop. F. R. Foster. C. Minneapolis-- Brown, E. H. Brown, F. C. Brown, J. H. Burritt, C. G. Connor, M. . Cowles, B. E. Cummins, G. H. Elliott, A. D. Fitts. C. D. Forfar. D. M. . Gausman, C. E.. Gaylord, F. H. Gerrish, H. E. . Hanson, L. E. Harris, J. B. Hasey. C. E. Hildebrandt. H. A. Huch. A. J. Hunter, A. C. Hunter. P. F. Jaynes, E. L. Martenis, J. V. Meyer. H. J. Morgan, G. C. Olsen, C. F. Otto. R. W.. Porter, R. S. Probst. A. H. Ridler. H. C. Rockart, E. R. Rothrock, J. T. Rowley. F. B. Ruff. D. C.. 2nd Sanford, A. L. Sperzel, H. J. Tangeman. B. W. Tweed, C. F. Uhl. W. F. Wilbur. E. R. Womrath, G. F. Owatonna-- . Clarkson. W. B. St. Paul-- Adams, Neil D. Bredeson. C. R. Buenger, A. Challraan, S. A. Cochran, M'.'M. . Davis. H.-' ' Gordon, E. B., Jr. Heagler, J. M. Lockhart, G- L. McQuillan, J. A. O'Brien. V. R. Spriggs, W. J. Stewart, E. A. Wagner, A. M. Winterer, F. C. Winterer, R. J. St. Cloud-- Cummings. J. J. MISSISSIPPI Greenwood-- Mack, J. A. Laurel-- Coffin. R. K. MISSOURI Kansas City--' ' Adams, C. W.-. Arthur, J. M,, Jr. uui iuu, n. Caleb. D. Campbell, E. K. Clegg, C. Cline, E. A. . Cook, B. F. Dickson, G. P. Dodds. F. F. Downes, N. W. Dunlap, R. L. Ellis. J. E. . Fehlig, J. B. Fiske. T. D. Foley, G. E. . Gillham, W. E. Griffin, F. A., Jr. Hale. F. M. Hardy, A. R.' Hauser, M. Hayes, P. M. . Hitchcock, F. P. Howe. W. W. Johnson, R. B. Kitchen, F. A. Kitchen,-J. H. .. 395 Laurie, R. J. . McIntyre, W. N. McKeighan, E. E. Millis, L. W. Natkin. B. Nottberg. H. J. ` Parks, V. H. Pease. J. G. Pines. S. Reed. W. D. Russell. W. A. Sheppard, F. A. Stackhouse. R. M. Stephenson, L. A. Waddington, E. C. Walsh, J. G. Wise, F. W. Wright, H. H. Liberty-- Dudfietd, A.- . Sedalla-- Sellers. R. F. Suter, G. ` . St. Joseph-- Rock, A. C. St. Louis-- Baetz, H. Berg. A. H. Bowers, J. S. Bradley. E. P. Bradley, J. T. Breitenbach. W. Buder, C. G. Cook. C. D. Cooper, J. W. DeNeille, J. L. Edwards, D. F. Eichler, A. Falvey, J- D. Ferris, T. J. Forgan, D. M.. Foster. J. M. . Gale. T. J. Gallagher, J. E. Griffin, J. J. ` Haller, A. L. . Hallett, E. S. Halley, W. H/ Hammer, H. M. Haynes, W. J: Hester, T. J. Hooper, W. G. . Huber. C. F. Humphreys, A. E. Keiser, W. , Kinealy. J. H. Klein. W. A. Langenberg. E. B. McMorran, F. J. Meagher, J. F. ' Milligan. R. M. Milward, R. K. Moon, L. W. Moorman, T. A. Moritz. C. J. '' Mueller, B. H. Nader, j. H. Niestrath, W. H. Quentin, E. H. Riley, A. H. Rosebrough. R- M. Rossman, V. D. ^ Sachieben, E. H. Schulze. B. H. Sodemann, W. C. Stammer. E. L. Thomsen, W. T. : Vogel, A. H. Walmsley, C. White. E. A. Winsborough, W. C. Roll of Membership MONTANA Bozeman-- Powers. F. I. Billings-- Cohagen, C. C. Tooker. C. C. Helena-- Bain. J. G. Haire, C. S. NEBRASKA Lincoln-- Koenig. A. C. Omaha-- Finan, J. J. McCulley. D. E. Shea. M. B. VVaddington. B. C. NEW HAMPSHIRE Nashua-- Wilson. F. A. NEW JERSEY Atlantic City-- Nesbitt. A. J. Strouse. S. B. Bridgeton-- Custer. A. E. Camden-- Binder. C. G. Deckman. E. M. (Woodlynne) Eveleth. C. F. Kappel. G. W. A. Und. C. C. Strandwitz, W. J. Webster. E. K. Webster. W. East Orange-- Turno. W. G. W. Elizabeth-- Cornwall. G. T. Hoboken-- Strader. B. K. Jersey City-- Calahan, J. J. Gill. M. J. Jones. H. L. Jobatown-- AIHnson. O. H. Montclair-- Chapman, F. T. Newark-- Beatty. D. J. Bolling. J. E. Carrier, W. H. Crone, T. E. Geiser, H. Janet. H. L. Jones. R. L. Joyce, H. B. Lewis. L. L. .Lyle. J. I. Pearce. C. E. Smith. M. S. Soule, L. C. Stacey. A. E., Jr. North Bergen-- DeVore. M. J. Passaic-- Morris, C. R. Paterson-- Pryor, F. L. . Plainfield-- Tobin. G. J. Trenton-- Black. J. Black. J. J. A. McDougall, B. W. Piper, A. Piper. E. R. W. Russell. W. E. NEW YORK Albany-- Clifton. W. A. Hynes. L. P. Murray. T. E. Ryan. H. J. . Taggart. R. C. Amsterdam-- Dwyer, F. A. Brooklyn-- Baldwin. W. J. Bampton, C. M. . Crutchley. E., Jr. Dwyer, T. F. Ferris, D. M. Kiewitz, C. Gornston, M. H. McCann. F. G. Mandeville. E. W. Moss, E. . Norton. T. Phillips. F. W., Jr. Richardson, F. J. Robertson, G. A. Scollay. U. G. Snyder, C. B. J. Thuem, A. Tisnower. W. Weibert, C. J. Williamson, F. W. Buffalo-- Ahlff, A. A. Booth, C. A. Bresnaham, J. J. Carroll. J. N. Case. E. W. Cherry. L. A. Criqui. A. A. Danforth, N. L. Dempsey. H. P. Dillman. E. J. DU. H. N., Jr. Drake. G. H. Dyer. O. K. Eddy. E. J. Eggleston. L. W. Evans, C. A. Farnham. R, Farrar. C. W. Frank, G. W. Frank, O. E. Fraser. W G. /--> Gibbs. H. E. J S Harding, L. A. Howell, F. B. Hutzel, H. F. Jackson. M. S. Johnson, J. A. Kamman, A. R. Landon, A. A. Laperle, L. G. Love. C. H. Lynd. R. E. Monin. E. H. Moorman. W. G. Mosher. C. H. Padginton. G. Quigley, W. J. ' Reinhard. E. L. RUey. D. H. Ruckel, J. B. Scheer. F. W. Schoepfiin, P. H. Thornton. R. T. Wadley. C. P. Wendt. E. F. Wendt. H. W. Whittlesey. G. Worsham; H. Yager. J. J. Dunkirk-- Sawade, C. A. Eastwood-- Longwell. H. E. Elmira-- Davenport. E. Davis. B. C. Frutchey. A. E. McGlenn, G. R. Geneva-- ( Herendeen, F. W. Hempstead-- Hinkle. E. C. Herkimer-- Ertman. B. R. Irvington-onHudson-- AngeU. W. T. Bastedo, A. E. Ithaca-- Sawdon, W. M. Williams, J. W. Morton-- Stangland. B. F. New York City-- Adams. H. Adler, A. A. Ailing, H. W. Almirall. J. A. Anderson. F. P., Jr. Angus, R. A. Armagnac. A. S. Ashley. E. E.. Jr. Atkinson. H. G. Bachler. L. J. Bailey, W. C. Barrett, L. L. Barwick, T. Baum, A. L. Beebe. F. E. W. Bennitt. G. E. Bentz. H. ' Berman. L. K. Binder, I. Birch, H. R. Bishop. C. R. Blackmore, J. J. Bolton, R. P. Booth. H. N. Brassington, A. F. Brennan, T.. P. Broderick, J. F. Browne. A. L. Buensod. A. C. Butler, P. D. Cadmus. R. Callahan. M. J. 396 Carpenter. R. H. Cary, A. A. Chase. J. M. Chew. F. K. Child, E. T. Clark. W. D. Cosgrove. W. M. Cullen. H. J. Darts. J. A. Davis. A. C. Davis. P. L. (Jamaica) Devereux, L. W. Dill. H. O. Donnelly, J. A. Domheim. G. A. (L. I. City) Driscoll. W. H. (L. I. City) Duff. K. Durand, W. L. Eadie. J. G. Easterbrooks. C. C. Edelston, S. H. ' Ehrlich, M. W. Ellison, J. H. Emerson. R. R. Engle, A. Evans. W. A. Feldman. A. M. Fleisher, W. L. Fletcher, S. W. Fogg. O. H. Forgee. F. A. Friedman, A. (Corona) Fouilhoux. J. A. Fuller. C. A. Gaylor, W. S. Goldschmidt, O. E. Combers. H. B. Goodnow. W. F. Greason, S. L. Grill, G. E. Grotz. A. B. Haight, T. Hankin, R- Hanson, H. A. Harris. G. D. Hartford, C. Haynes. C. V. Heatherton, J. M. Heebner. W. M. Heibel. W. E. Hoffman. G. D. Hook. M. G. Hunt, R..8. Hunter, C. C. Hyman, W. M. Innis. H. R. Ireland, T. H. Isserteli, H. G. Jacobus, Dr. D. S. Jalien. J. J. Janes, A. Johnson, E. B. Kahn. H. P. Keasbey, A. P. Kahn. H. P. Keenan. P. F. Kelly, j. G. Keyes, R. E. Kiewitz. A. A.. Kimball, D. D. Klaus, L. J. (L. I. City) Knowles, A. F. Koehler. G. T. Koithan, W. S. Lawrence. C. E. LeCompte, W. G. Lipkeman, H. Lissauer, A. W. Loughlin, F. J. McKiever, W. H. McMillan, L. B. *1 I Roll of Membership Macon, W. W. Maier, G. M. Mallory, H. C. Marshall. H. H. Martin, G. W. Martin, J. H. Medway. F. J. Merritt, J. H. Meyer, H. C., Jr. Miller. C. A. Miller, R. B. Molby, E. C. Morton, J. Munier. L. L. Mussehnan, J. F. Nichols, G. B. Norton, F. W. Oaks, O. O. Obert. C. W. O'Donnell. T. J. Offner, A. J. Ohmes. A. K. Olvany, W. J. Oswald. W. L. Palmer. Dr. G. T. ParkhiU. D. Parter. S. C. Peabody. E. H. Peacock, J. K. Petersen, G. Pieron. A. Pinder. P. H. Pratt. E. D. Pryor. R. W.. Jr. Quirk. C. H. Raisler. S. Reeder. F. C. Reynolds. T. W. Riblet, W. H. . Richardson, D. R. Riley. C. L. Ritchie. E. J. Ritchie. W. Ritter. A. Rodman, R. W. KUQIO, n. Bl. Ruppel. R. L. Russell. W. A. Schloss, N. L. Schluter, H. Schmidt. G. G. Schroth, A. H. Scott. G. M. Sellman, N. T. Seward. P. H. Siegel, J. F. Soling. W. Spooner, H. R. Stern, H. R. ` Still. F. R. - Sweeney. S. H. Tazelaar, P. Teran, C. Timmis, P. Tiromls. W. S. Titzell, J. E. Treat, E. J. Tree, R- T. Tusch. W. Upington, G. P. Walterthum, J. J. Watters. P. J. (Staten Island) West. P. Wheller. H. S. White. E. S. Wolff, R. A. North Tonawanda-- Kline. W. J. Oswego-- Lockett, J. W. Poughkeepsie-- Doherty, J. J. Miller, W. L. Rochester-- Beecher. P. M. Coe, I. B. Dailey. J. A. Devendorf, W. F. DeWolf, R. D. Dobson. G. G. Roebuck. W.. Jr. Steim, C. J.. Jr. Taylor. F. K. Weider. F. J. ' Welsh. H. S. Wilder. E. L. Wiley. C. S. Schenectady-- Harbison, J. E. Syracuse-- Acheson. A. R. Bradley. R. H. Driggs, L. L. Cleveland-- Alexander, C. M. Bacon. J. H., Jr. Barger. P. R. Barth. H. E. Becker. A. L. Bray. D. S. Bridges. F. G. Bronson, R. E. Brueggeman, A. R. Buck. F. W. Bushnell, T. H., Jr. (Nela Park) Chapman, D. W. Clark, H. J. Clark, R. L. Clark. W. C. Clark. W. C. M. Colby. C. W. Cowan, R. A. - Craighead, E. W. Daugherty, F. M. Davis. R. G. Deex, C. J. Diether. C. F. Empkey. G.. Jr. Farley, J. W. Farnham. G. D. Tomkinsvllle-- Heap. W. E. Troy-- ' Brown, S. J. Vivarttas. E. A. Wilson. C. H. Utica-- Brandeles, H. J. Cantwell. W. T. Dougherty. P. J. Hughes. W. C. Norris, E. Norris. J. K. Rooney. M. A. Schneider. P. W. Steinhorst. T. F. West Point-- Bryant. P. J. NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte-- Christian. C. W. Cuyler. D. H. Hackney. H. Kirby, W. C. Winston-Salem-- Bahnson, F. F. Fargo-- ` Kurke, W. F. OHIO Akron--' Humphrey. D. E. Stanford. L. E. Thatcher. Geo. S. Canton-- Wagener, R. N. Cincinnati-- Bostain. J. C. Doyle. W. J. Gedeist, O. Green. W. C. Grier. W. Jordon, C. F. Kiefer, C. J. Koehler. J. B. Schlemmer. O. H. Wright. K. Gottwald. C. Greene. W. C. Grimshaw, G. E. GrosClaude. F. W. Growe, A. W. Harris. H. M. Harrison, J. M. Heinle, E. L. Humphreys. T. F. Kann, L. J. Kenninger, A. H. Kingsbury, W.'M. Kissick. J. J. KUe, W. Leonhard, F. Mason, J. J. Maurer, E. D. Mayer, R. J. Mayer. R. S. Miles. J. C. Morgan. R. H. Mouat, T. G. Neitzel, C. W. Nobis. H. M. Osrnon, T. R. Pierce, F. J. Preston, B. B. Pugh. E. C. Quay, D. M. Rather, M. F. Rollins, F. D. Starks, V. E.Szekeley, E. Valentine, F. H. . Van Sickle. W. B. Warnke, F. E. Weager, T. A. Weiss. I. L Welker, A. E. Williamson, G. R. Witkowsky, F. A. Columbus-- Anderson. E. L. Babbitt. E. C. Erickson, H. A. Mackensen, W. H. Richards. F. A.' Wheeler, O. J. Williams. A~W. Wolfe. R. Dayton-- Gibbons, M. J.. Jr. Haas. W. Hoersting. F. J. 397 Lorain-- Butler. T. F. Lane, E. K. Mansfield-- Tait, G. M. Martins Ferry-- Michael, J. P. Oberlln-- Dufty, A. Sandusky-- Appell, A. O. Toledo-- Baker. H. C. Bryce. J. W. Bryce, S. D. Carsten, C. H. Gibbs. F. C. Holmes. J. Merry, F. D. Mullen, F. J. Rogers, A. C. Van Tine, C. H. Zimmer. G. J. Warren-- Allen, L. E. Moser, P. F. Moulder. A. W. Youngstown-- Cboffin, C. C. OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City-- Dolan. R. G. Hunt. P. M. Loeffler. F. X. Muskogee-- Skinney, H. W. OREGON La Grande-- Anderson, S. A., Jr. Portland-- Bennett. C. A. McPherson. C. J. Neupert, E. A. PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-- Bnel. H. G. Hersh, E. E. . Hersh, G. W. Korn, C. B. Le Beau. J. F. Lutts, C. W. Reese. H. L. Ambrldge-- Black. G. E. Bridgeport Longenecker. H. J. Brookline-- Pisel, J. W. _ Chambersb urg-- Kottkamp, H. A. Mehaffy, W. C. Cotlegeville-- Miller. W. C. Conshohocken-- Farnsworth. F. C. Roll of Membership Edgewood Park-- Blackmore, G. C. Erie-- . Gannon, J. E. Harrisburg-- Eicher, H. C. Kressly, M. E. Miller. T. G. Lancaster-- Grossman. H. M. Vaux. F. J. Wilmot. C. S. McKeesport-- Dugan, T. M. Norristown-- Doud. M. P.. Gormly. J. . Gonnly. P. . OH City-- Heagerty. W. H. Philadelphia-- Adams, B. Anderson. C. A. .. Aubinger. E. W. Bachler, H. C. Barr. G. W. Bartlett, C. E. . Bateman. W. H., Jr. Beahm, R B., 2nd Black, E. N. Black, H. G. Blankin, M. F. Bogaty, H. S. Gomersall, W. H. Gretzinger, F. Grumbein, I. F. Hackett, C. P. Hackett, H. B. Hale. J. F. Hedges. H. B. Hellennan, H. H. Hering, J. B. Hershey, J. C. Hetherington, E. T. Hibbs, F. C. . Hoben, R J. Holloway, R B. Homann, F. A. Hopkin, W. E. Hopwood, A. M. Houpt. G. A. Howley, J. G-, Jr. Huckel, F., Jr. Hucker, J. H. Hughes. J. T. Hurley, J. C. ` Hurxthal. A.O. Hutchison, J. E. Hutchison, J. H. Ickeringill. J. Iddles, A. Jellett, S. A. John, Bv F. Jones, Li T. Jones, RE,. Jones, W. R. Kauffman, R. Keating. D, J. Kellogg, H. D. Kershaw, M. G. Kipe. J. M. Kline, G. W.. Jr. Knowlton, D. W. Kriebel. A. E. Kriebel. J. H. Lees. C. C. Reeves, C. G. Regan, W. A. Reuss, E. H., Jr. Rice. E. T. Rice. W, W. . Roberts. H. L. Sabin. E.- R. Sanbern, E. N. ' Sanville, C. P. Schopp, W. J. Scott, F. H. Setzer, W. C. ' Shaw, C. E. Sheffler, M. . Simmonds, P. R. Smith, W. F. Sommer, L. J. Sparks. F. B. Speckman, C. H. Stewart, C. W. Stewart, H. D. Stone, G. F. Stroh. W. H. , Strong, R C. Sutterley. W. W. Taliaferro, R R.. Terrell, H. A. Thompson, J. Thompson, W. P. Timm, W. H. Tinker, W. E. Walther, H. J. Walther. O. N. Wegmann, A. Welamb, V. N. Whitby. S. S. Why, H. B. Wild. W. H. Wilson, B. W. Wilson, J. J. Wilson, L. H., Jr. Woolston, A. H. Young, R. L. Borden, J. M. Bornemann, W. A. Boyd, D. K. Breen. J. W. Brogan. J. J. Brogan, W. J. Brunt, T. B. Buck. M. S. Burns, R D. Carstens. E. Cassell, J. D. Cavileer, J. V. Chew.'-I. ' Clarkson, R. C., Jr. Connor, C. J. Cooper, T. W. Culbert, W. G. Dambly, A. E. DeGroot. L. P. Dey, Chas. Dobbs, C. F.. Dodd. & M. Dome, W. R. Doyle. C. J. Eagan, G.'A. Edgar. A. C. Feige. H. W. Feltwell. R H. Fest, L. T. . Fleming, T. C. Francis. L H. ' Francis, W. C. ' Frost, R V. Galligan, A. B. Galligan, J. H. Gant, H. P. Gibson, J. H. Gilbert; M. F. Giles, E. H. Glassey. J. W. Glore, E. F. . . Liner. J. J. . Locke. H. W.. Long, J. Long. J,, Jr. Lord. F. R . Loughery, G. B. Lunn, W. R McCarthy, C. J- McClintock, A. McCIintock, A.. Jr. McClintock, J. L. McElwee, H. J.. Jr. McGowan, T.'F. - McKernan, J. C., Jr. Mahady, T. C.. Mappett. A. S. Marine. J. D. Mellon, J. T* J* Mensing, FV D. Mervine, T. R. Minnicb, H. S. Monday, C. E. Moody, L. E. Moore, J. A. Morgan, R C. Mott, A. C. Mott, A. C., Jr. Murphy, E. T. Nelson, F., Jr. Nesdahl, E. Nunan, J. F. - Nusbaum, L. Officer, H. S. Ogelsby, W. P. Paine, L. G. Patton, H. T. Pease. H. H. Peterman, R M. Phillips. F. T. . Plewes, S. E. Porter, B. A. - Anderson, F. P. Arthur, H. W. Aston, J. Bartley, F. C. Blizard, J. Bunton. F. L. Bums, J. J. . Bushnell. C. D. Clark, W. H. Dibble, S. E. . Digby, H. E. Easter, T. J. Edwards, P. A. Evans, E. C. . . Ewing, I.-C. . Firsching, F. J. Geier; B. A. Geisler, F. E. Hanson, E. W. Hobbs. J. C. Hook. C. H. Houghten, F. C. Ingels, M. M. ' Jones, A. M. King, T. . Kretz, W. G. . Langdon, J. D. McCormick, E. T. McCune, L. V. McGinness, J. E: ` McGuigan, L. A. McIntosh, F. C. McMurray, J. Maginn, P. F. Mansfield, F. A. Meyer, P. F. : Moore, H. L.- Morgan, J. S. ' Morrow, C. F. Murray. J. M. Nash. A. W.. ' 398 . Nicholls.P. O'Neill. P. Phegley, F. G. Phillips, L. . Rederer, B. S. Richards. S. F. Schley, A. A.. Sewell. J. M. Speakman. W. ' Speller, F. N. Stanger, R B. Stephany, E. J. Stitt, E. W. . Stokes, R. E. . Taylor, T. S. . Tenkonohy, R. J. Timmerman, M. M. Todd. J. Walker. J. B. Weber, G. A. Wheeler, C. W. Reading-- Collins. H. F. Luck, A. W. Shamokln-- Gortner, J. W. Stroudsburg-- Thompson. A. W. Tamaqua-- Hadesty, A. L. ' Warren-- ? Schellhammer. A. L. Washington-- McVehil, E. W. f Wayne-- Criswell, G. A.. 2nd Wilkes- Barre--' Carpenter, B. H. Williamsport-- Corbett. M. C. Gillett, M. C McLain, R. D. York-- Sowers, P. E. RHODE ISLAND Providence-- ' Braemer, W. G. R. Chase. J. D. Coleman, J. B. Gibbs. E. W. Hartwell, J. C. . Husband, E. W. Poole, E. F. SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls-- O'Connell, P. M. Reesi R TENNESSEE Chattanooga-- Sears, W. H. Memphis-- Allen. W. H. . LaBundy. B. A. Sodemann, P. ' Yardley. R. W. . ' Roll of Membership TEXAS Austin-- Donnelly, J. R. Giesecke, F. E. Beaumont-- Helphingstein, O. Dallas-- Anderson, C. S. Taylor, R. F. Van Zandt, J. H. Houston-- Barnes, A. F. San Angela-- Hogue, C. T. San Antonio^-- Ebert, W. A. Wichita FallsHerd. C. C. UTAH Salt Lake City-- Coogan, J. VERMONT Burlington-- Austin, F. L. Raine. J. J. Wheelock, H. C. VIRGINIA Lynchburg-- Doering, F. L. Wiley. E. C. Wilson, E. J. F. Newport News-- Noland. L. U. Norfolk-- Wilson, E. K. Richmond-- Austin, W. E. Beverley. R. C. Johnston, J. A. Koch, H. O. Murphy. W. R. Schulz. H. I. Teroplin, C. L. Staunton-- . Moffett. W. S. WASHINGTON Bremerton-- Bysom, L. L. Seattle-- Ayres, A. E. Blackwell, C. H. Dudley, W. L. Eastwood, E. O. Eckart. C. H. Godfrey, F. H. Hill, W. A. Huntley, F. A. Lavin, P. J. McNeal, W. R. Mallis, W. Moore, J. C. Nevins, J. R. RuddeU, W. H. Santmyer, W. J. Stark. E. A. Twist, C. F. Ward. J. J. Weber, E. L. Zokelt, C. G. Spokane-- DeLong, H. B. Nelson, R. L. WEST VIRGINIA Charleston-- Matthews. J. K. Shanklin, J. R. Morgantown--, . Zeck, A. Wheeling-- Hare, E. S.. Seabright, L. C. WISCONSIN Chippewa Falls-- DeKraker. R. E. Eau Claire-- Grosvold, F. E. Ft. Atkinson-- Shodron, J. G. La Crosse-- Anderegg. R. H. Madison-- Larson, G. L. Milwaukee-- Bowers. A. F. Downey. F. E. Ellis. H. W. Grassier, E. Juttner, O. J. Kuder, P. M. Lomasney. E. J. Miller, C. W. Miller, H. M. Mueller, P. E. Ostrander, L. F. Weimer, F. G. Wausau-- Sargent. L. F. WYOMING Cheyenne-- Meyring, A. S. CANADA Calgary Alberta-- Clarke, S. S. Mackenzie, G. A. Chatham, Ont.-- Pattinson, R. L. Galt, Ont.-- . Evans. J. McCaffrey. H. G. Hamilton, Ont.-- Henion, H. D. Halifax, N. S.-- Eagar, R F. Kingston, Ont.-- Arkley, L. M. Druce, J. J. Montreal, Quebec-- Bladon, J. B. Bourbonniere. J. A. Friedman. F. J. Hamlet. F. A. Hamlet, T. F. Osborne, G. H. Toronto, Ont.-- Allen, D. M. Angus, H. H. Baldwin, W. H. . Blackhall. W. R. Church, H. J. Dickey, A. J.Doughty, C. J. Duncan, G. M. Flett, H. R Griffith, M. R. Leitch, A. S. FOREIGN COUNTRIES McCreery, H. J. McHenry, R W. M. Mansell, P. C. Owens, C. B. Paterson, J. S. Paterson, W. B. Peterkin, S. M. Purdy. A. K. Shears. M. W. Sheffield, E. B. Sheppard, W. G. Sparling, C. M. ` Thomas, B. A. Thomas, M. F. ' Worthington, T. Vancouver, B. C.-- Leek, W. Stephan, A. M. Winnipeg, Man.--. ' Kirk, C. D. Mackie, J. CHINA Dairen-- Heiles; F. C. Peking-- Hopkins. R D. Shanghai-- Alt. H.L. Baker, H. W. H. Cowell. R. J. Hauss, C. F. ' ' DENMARK Copenliagen-- Berggreen, P. H. Reck, A. B. ENGLAND Hull-- Hill, E. G. T. Leeds-- Jennins, H. H. Leicester-- Nesbit. D. M. Liverpool-- Honiball, C. R London-- Barker, A. H. Craig, F. B. Grierson. R. E. Groom, S. L. Herring, E. Jennings, F. W. Nobbs, W. W. Pickup. H. Robinson, S. W. Russell, J. N. Wheeler, K. E. Manchester-- Row. O. M. Yates, W. Sheffield-- Biggin, F. ' Southport-- Atkinson, R. E. Sunderland-- Vaux. N. Trowbridge-^ Haden, G. N. ` Haden, W. N. York-- Fryer. F. G. 399 FRANCE Paris--r Beaurrienne. A. Downe, H. S. GERMANY Stuggart-- Klein, Dr. A. R IRELAND Cork-- Barry* F. I. JAPAN ? Tokyo-- Kitaura. S. Sekido, K. Shozo, S. ' NEW ZEALAND Dunedin-- Davies, G. W. NORWAY Christiania-- Tjersland, A. SWEDEN Stockholm-- Theorell. H. G. T._ SWITZERLAND Winterthur-- Meier, K. TURKEY Constantinople-- Scipio. L. A.'