Document 2q1V8BpBYZp56QvzrXKJ4ONbb

14 1326596 3&IAZN215 .1 Safety Congress Council, October ;s. Volume I conthe sessions of the ontains the Street hide, the Transit, v sessions. :1 industrial memmembers who are . ?sions it contains, btain Volume II distribute copies !ves, foremen and information they il reference pur sy be obtained as each; 11 or more -g II cost 75 cents ;ord of the pro-:'^ll td addresses have bbreviate the less ^ y be of particular. rganization and volumes, thercmpact, practical executive interprevention suc; for additional National Safety resses, seeks to jr.!. re not pertinent contrary to the oility, however, hich have been se papers. :il,i nc. Council Officers and Directors...... ............................ 4 Council Purposes and Program.................................... 9 Annual Meeting of Members......................................... 11 Annual Banquet ............... 27 Special Subject Sessions-- Eliminating Mechanical Causes of Accidents... 29 Fire Control and Prevention.................................. 43 Fumes, Gases and Vapors....................................... 55 Governmental Safety Service in Industry.......... 69 Health Service in Industry...................................... 93 Industrial Nursing.................................................... 109 Maintaining Interest in Safety...............................123 Occupational Disease Control.................................133 Off-the-Job Accidents ............................................ 149 Safety Inspectors ................... ,.............................. 163 The Human Side of Safety...'..............................181 Welding and Cutting................................................203 Aeronautical Section ..................................................... 225 A. S. S. E.--Engineering Section.................................. 239 Automotive and Machine Shop Section.......................245 Cement and Quarry Section............................................259 Chemical Section............................................................. 273 Construction Section ......................... 299 Food Section ..................................................................... 319 Marine Section................................................................. 339 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section ........................................................................... 391 Metals Section ................................................................. 407 Mining Section.................................................. 449 Paper and Pulp Section....................................................477 Petroleum Section........................................................... 531 Power Press Section..........................................................557 Public Utilities Section....................................................581 Refrigeration Section......................................................607 Rubber Section ................................................................. 623 Steam Railroad Section................................... 645 Textile Section................................................................. 677 Wood Products Section.............................. 693 Safety Exposition Exhibitors. Ind.......................................... . t$m: -715. T9" jte.. vi- ; . mk 1 (I National Safety Council, inc. 11 )?f(CRS AND DIRECTORS HONORARY MEMBERS Association of Iron and Steel Engineers Robert \V, Campbell Lew R. Palmer OFFICERS (1939-1940) Col. John Stilwell. President H. J. Aldrich, Vice-President for Safety Councils L. C. Campbell, Vice-President for Industrial Safety \Ym. C. Knoelk, Vice-President tor Education Dr. Miller McClintock, Vice-President for Public Safety I. \V. Millard, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer Walter S. Paine, Vice-President for Engineering Lew R. Palmer, Vice-President ior Public Relations A. V. Rohweder, Vice-President for Home Safety R. T. Solensten, Vice-President for Membership W. H. Cameron. Managing Director and Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (1939-1940) H. J. Aldrich, Spencer Kellogg & Sons. Inc. T. I. Banash. Past President C. W. Bercquist, Past President H. W. Bogcess, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co. H. E. Bolt, South Bend Civic Safety Council F. W. Braun, ASSE-Enginecring Section W. H. Cameron, National Safety Council L. C. Campbell, The Koppers Coal Company R. W. Campbell, Past President Robert I. Catlin, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. D. B. Chant, Paper and Pulp Section Lewis A. DeBlois, Past President C- W. Demtesy, The Liquid Carbonic Corp. C. R. Dooley, Soconv-Vncuum Oil Co. Inc. Marcus A. Dow, Past President Harold F. Eni.ows, American National Red Cross D. D. Fennell, Past President H. I. Griffith. Metals Section E. E. Grover, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co. Harry Guilucrt, The Pullman Co. G. T. Hellmuth, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Harold G. Hoffman, Unemployment ComJ*^,ii,Cjfj Comm: of SYT. S. B. Horrf.u.. The Carey Salt Co. W. Floyd Jackson. Delaware Safety Counci Iffl 0001 \Valtf.r G. Kina Wm. C. Knoelk. John E. Lose. P Thos. H. MacL R. A. McArthc; Dr. Miller McC I. W. Millard, i Harold L. Mine Hon. Eliot Xes. C. J. Nobmann. E. j. O'Brien, Jt Walter S. Pain Lew R. Palmer. C. E. Pett/boxe. E. O. Pjckard. Albert S. Recu: R. J. Reigei.uth. Lt. Col. Henry . A. Roberts, ' A. V. Rohwedf Charles B. See Frank T. Sheet Gen. John H. S Carl L. Smith, G R. SitrTH, Ar R. T. Solenste. Leslie J. Soken Col. John Stii Inc. John M. SylyeC. P. Tolman, Georce G. Tk.v Dr. C. H. Wat A. W. Whitne R. V. Wright Arthur H. V DIRECTORS H. J. Aldrich A. L. Armstro. Vern W. Aubt J. I. Banash V D. A. Barrett Leo H. Beai Ernest W. C. W, Bekgi E. F. Blank. a H. \V. Boots H. E. Bolt, So "ay . v. - .v fplCERS AND DIRECTORS. Continued IRS iTL ENGINEERS D) tor Saicty Councils .-nt tor Industrial Safety .ent tor Education ice-President tor Public Safety nt for Finance and Treasurer .dent for Engineering lent for Public Relations idem for Home Safety ident ior Membership Director and Secretary TTEE (1939-1940) eg & Sons. Ir.e. .mi Ce Off Co. : safety Council ":ng Section :'ty Council ; -Onl Company mt 'aity & Surer}- Co. lection lent arbonic Cor-- Oil Co. l:-x. l-.-m Nation;,i Crm fou'herr. C-Me Electric Co ,r. Co. id Transit Lc. 'lovntent Comrenr-aticn Comm, ot N. C - Co. Safety Council Waltkk G. King, Past President W. C. Knoelk, Milwaukee Safety Commijsion John E. Lose, Past President Thos. H. MacDonald, Federal Public Reads Administration R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transport Dr. Miller McCuntock. Vale University I. \V. Millard, Industrial Gloves Co. Harold L. Miser, E. I. du Pout dc Nemours & Co. Hos. Eliot Ness, Director of Public Safety. Cleveland C. J. Nobmann, Petroleum Section . J. O'Brien. Jr., Louisville Saiety Council Walter S. Paine, Aetna Life S: Affiliated Cos. Lew R. Palmer, Past President C. E. Pettibone. Past President B. 0. Pickard, Marine Section Albert S. Recula, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc. R. J. Rejcei.utji, Construction Section Lt. Col. Henry A. Renincer, Past President E. A. Roberts, Textile Section A. V. Rohweder, Duluth, Missabc id lr.:i Range Ry. Co. Charles B. Scott, Past President Frank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gen. John H. Sherburne. Massachusetts Safety Council Carl L. Smith. Cleveland Safety Council C. R. Smith, American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. Solensten, Elliott Service Co. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer. Chicago Cot- John Stilwell. Consolidated E.;:,-.-} Company of New York. Inc. John M. Sylvester, Lehigh Valley Safe:;.- Council C. P. Tolman, Past President George G. Tkaver, Greater Chicago Safety Council Dr. C. H. Watson, Past President A. W. Whitney, National Conscrvaii-.r Bureau R. V. Wright, Railway Age Arthur H. Young, Past President DIRECTORS (19394940) H. J, Aldrich. Spencer Kellogg N Sen*. -isc. A. L. Ar.mstronc, Eastman Kodak C- rr.-.any Vern W. Aubel, Saicty Div.. Syracur? Chamber of Commerce J. I. Banash. Past President D. A. Barrett, Carnegie-lliinois Steel Mrp. Leo H. Beaulac, Blackstov.e Valley Safety Council Ernest W. Beck. United States Rub:Co. C. \Y. 2.ero<>uist, Past President E. F. Blank. Jones & Laushiin Steel C v:p H. W. Eocgees, Sinclair Prairie Oil C-. m H. E. Bolt. South Bend Civic Safe:*' Caun *339 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. Continued C. E. Boulet. Wisconsin Public Service Corp. J. C- Bower, Automotive and Machine Shop Section F. \\\ Braun. ASSE-Engineering Section Joseph A. Erophy. Elizabeth Safety- Council F. S. Erowx. Standard Accident Insurance Co. P. X. Eushnelu Cctr.em Section W. H. Cameron. .National Safety Council A. D. Campbell, Mir.tng Section L. C. Campbell, The Koppers Coal Co. Robert \V. Campbell. Past President Raymond A. Carey. Evanston Safety Council Ray Carxly, Keno.-na Sa tety Council Robert I. Catux. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. D. E. Chaxt. Paper and Pulp Section W.\t. M. Clark, Si. Joseph Safety Council Kenneth B. Colmax. Seattle Traffic & Safety Council j. E. Cullixky, Bethlehem Steel Co. Lewis A. Df.Bi.ois. Past President C. \V. Dempesy, The Liquid Carbonic Corp. Miltox W. Dobkzexsky. East Bay Safety Council C. R. Dooley, Socgy.y-Vacuum Oil Co. Ir.c. James B. Douglas. The Philadelphia Gas Works Co. Marcus A. Dow, Pa-t President Harold F. Enlows. .American X'ational Red Cro?< D. D. Ff.nxei.l. Pa't President Donald A. Finkreixer. Toledo Safety Council Dr. Hart E. Fisher. Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Victor B. Fitzpatrick. Richmond Safety Council Howard B. Fonda. Burroughs Wellcome & Co. CL'SA) Inc. Wm. H. Frsytu. Superior & Douglas County Safety Ccntncii Arthur C. Fry, Worcester Safety Council John E. Gipson, Western Electric Co. Lyle H. Gift, Peoria Association of Commerce Safety Gntnr-; Randolph L. Gilman. Railway Safety Council W. A. Griffin, American Telephone & Telegraph Co. H. J. Griffith, Metal- Section E. E. Groyer, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co. Harry Gujlbert, The Pullman Company D. T. Harrington, U. S. Bureau of Mire' Frank H. Harrison. International Harvester Co. G. T. Hei.lmuth, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. E. L. Henry, Steam Railroad Section J. C. Herbert. Greater Los Angeles Safety Council Chas. E. Hill, Xev York Central System Harold G. Hoff:.: 1'ncmplovmcnt Compensation rntnim--: X'cw Jersey Paul Holland, Baltimore Safety Council j. Andrew Holley. Child Education Section S. B. Horrell, The Carey Salt Co. Major Norman A. h:viF, Safety Council oi Columbus Chanilvr Commerce AND DIRECTORS. Conn Merrick Jackson, Emp; W. Floyd Jackson. Del; Wm. F. James. Philadel; Jasper B. Johnson, Mat T. B. Johnson. Comme? Frank L. Jones, Greatc Thomas P. Kearns. Oh: Ralph 0. Keeter. Chev. H. H. Kelly. U. S. Inu Walter G. King, Past i Wax. C. Knoelk. Milwa W.M. S. K.nudsen. Detn Otto C. Kukkt. Greate: C. L. LaFount.m.ye, Gr Roy Lee, Contra Co.-ta ARNOLD LocKERBY, Gra John E. Long. Past Pr> Thus. H. MacDonald. Hon. Arthur VV. Ma hides Dennis J. Mai.ev. SaR. A. McArthur, Pub; H, X. McClellan. Be: Dr. Miller McClintcl David L. Millar. St. 1 l. W. Millard, Indus;: Harold L. Miner. E. 1 Harry S. Moody', Roc R. E. Mokley, Imlustr R. W. Morse. Rubber C. L. Murray, Mao: Hon. Eliot Xess. Dir C. I. Xor.MANN. I'ctro' E. J. O'Erien. Jr.. Lo George C. A. On\ T1 Walter S. Paine. Ac Lew R. Palmer. Pan David A. Patton, \\ C. K. Peacock. Chau: Charles W. Pexdk Commerce C. E. PnmnoNE. Pa>t 11 0. Pickard. Marir Judge Harry H. H. A. Ptolemy. Pula A. A. Ram.. Rciriger A/.hekt S. Rf.gula. !; R. J. Reiw.lvth.'G'A LTL-QiL^:.>'RV A. M.\niNU5.iJvrrj-,R, Tati E. A.'R^kTn. Text- 000101) TICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued 'A)_|,,c. V -fitlTTli Vtv fAmm-ii :i 1 hnni..- .,1' Mef.xick Jackson, Employees' Publication Section W. Floyd Jackson, Delaware Safety Council Wm. F. James. Philadelphia Safety Council Jasper B. Johnson, Madison County Safety Council T. B. Johnson. Commercial Vehicle Section Frank L. Jones. Greater Xe%v York Safety Council Thomas P. Kearns. Ohio Industrial Commission Ralph 0. Keefer, Chemical Section H. H. Kelly. U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission Walter G. ruxe, Past President Wm. C. Knoelk, Milwaukee Safety Commission Wm. S. Knudsen. Detroit Industrial Safety Council Otto C. Kuhrt. Greater Springfieid Safety Council C. L. LaFountaine, Great Northern Railway Co. Roy Lee. Contra Costa County Safety Council Arnold Lockerby, Grand Rapids Safety Council John E. Lonc. Past President Thus. H. MacDonald, Federal Public Roads Administration Hon. Arthur W. Macf.e, .Yew Jersey Commissioner of Motor Ve hicles Dennis J. M.u.ey. Safety Bureau. Buffalo Chamber of R. A. McArthur. Public Service Coordinated Transport H. Y. McClellan. Berkeley Traffic Safety Commission Us. Miller McClintock, Yale University David L. Millar. St. Louis Safety Council !. W. Millard. Industrial Gloves Company Harold L. Miner. E. I. du Pont de Nemours S: Co. Harry S. Moody. Rochester Safety Council R. B. Morley. Industrial Accident Prevention Associations R. W. Morse. Rubber Section C. L. Murray. Mason City-Cerro Gordo County Safety Conned H ;N. El'et Ness. Director of Public Safety, Cleveland J. YormaNN. Petroleum Section E. J. OT:.:en. ht.. Lout-vine Safety Conned G::orC C. A. Op?. The Detroit Eci-on Company '.'.'alter S. Paine. Aetna Life & Afniiated Companies Lew R. Palme::. Past President '.wm A. Patt'-n. Yewark Safety Council K. FeaC'CK. Citauanooca Safety Council \K!.:-ts W. Pent'ock. Safety Division. Milwaukee Association E. r:?r::->N'r.. Past President 1. O. r t.'KAui.1. Marine Section Harry H. Porter. Street A. r?'t.:-tMY. Public Utilities Section .\. Rail. Refriueration Sect-.cn i.:.:tr.KT.S. R:,ula. Industrial R-.Atiom A. I. Re; ttLt'TH. Ci<n?:ru-;tion Section Cv- Henry A. Ren.'.yi'a-t Pro* Marine's R-tek. Pater*'-:'. Safety ounr: A. R E BERTS. Textile S-'tion TratVic Section OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued Counci! Purpos A. V. Rokweuer, Duluth, Mistake Iron Range Rv. Co. G. E. Sanford. General Electric Company Henry _G. Schaffner. Meat Packing. Tanning & Leather Industrie.' Section Harry E. Sckeakk, Kansas City Saiety Council Charles B. Scott. Past President Earl S. Shartzer. Utica Saietv Cotmcii Frank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety Council Dr. L. A. Shoudy, Bethlehem Steel Company Ernest L. Simoxds, Xew Haven Safety Council Adolph Skinner, Safety Dept., .Nashville Chamber of Commerce Carl L. Smith. Cleveland Saiety Council C. R. Smith. American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. Solensten, Elliott Service Company Lesuf. J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer. Chicago E. C. Spring. Philadelphia, Pa. Col. John Stilwf.i.l. Consolidated Edison Company of X. Y. Inc. Edmund C. Stone, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council John M. Sylvf.ster. Lehigh Valley Safety Council Arthur M. Tode, Consulting Marine Engineer C. P. Tolman, Past President Georce G. TraVEr, Greater Chicago Safety Council Dr. B. L. Vosrurch. General Electric Company Dr. C. H. Watson, Past President Fred A. Webb. Food Section G- Wise Wescott, Safety Dept.. Automobile Club of Rhode Island T. Anglin White, Safety Div.. Birmingham Chamber of Commerce S. E. Whiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. A. W. Whitney, Xational Conservation Bureau' J. C. Wilson. Wood Products Section A. X. Woodhead, Albany Safety Council W. E. Worth. Internationa! Harvester Co. R. V. Wright. Railway Age Arthur H. Young, Past President E. J. Zauft, Safety Bureau. Duluth Chamber of Commerce M. R. Zei.der. Power Press Section The Xational Safety Council is a nonj,-ont. cooperative association whose objec tive is the elimination of accidents. To achieve this objective the Council advocates die following program of safety activities: ! j. CREATIXG IXTEREST IX SAFE TY. People will try to prevent accident; when they are convinced of three .things: ta) that accidents arc really a scri,m> problem, threatening personal happiness. J industrial efficiency and economic security: j(b) that accidents don't "just happen," but that each one has demute. ascertainable raui.es; (c) that accidents can be prevented. The basic requirement in a national safety [program, therefore, is a dramatic and ef fective presentation of these facts to more and more people. j 2. FIXDIXG ACCIDENT CAUSES ; Accident causes are not the same in any | two plants, in any two cities, in any twe , schools. They are not the same from one . time to another. Even- industrial plant, every city, every school and every other public or private organization, therefore. must study the causes of accidents in it; own group. >o that prevention efforts al ways will he directed a: the tilings really . responsible for accidents. \3. MAIXTAIXIXG IXTEREST IN ' SAFETY. People retain interest in ver> , few things of which they arc not contin uously reminded. Therefore, it is the task <t the newspaper, the radio, the magazine be school, the public speaker and even , other educational influence to keep remindi Ing the worker, the driver, the pedotriar. j the housewife and the school child that : treedom from accidents depends on persona caution, and that the safe way is the rigir "`ay and the best way--from the statidpoin- not only of human satisfaction, hut O' vf>eial efficiency ami economy. ____ . 4- ENGIXEERIXG IMPKOVEMEXT Many accidents occur because equipment i auhy. The punch prt" is imcuardod, ti:. ^Homobilc brakes are worn, ihc stairwa; crudely built, the propeller is detective 1 f si?n l' obscured. The avoidnne k ac<^l^^iLTefqK<s, retpifres'xShat NSfcr hC macItiiictv. ever; ii sound -r may not ^ Occupational Disease Control -10 thc sound ^nations of the', to,. ihnee ooopaaaquuie* pProroj.JjtJ^'J.ri'C'^ i slide unit ~ay be readily ^ ^ ly THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 19, 1939 ::or, the basic g0v^ 7ti&session planned for the discussion |i-/`5lyf.prb-lems >n- industrial occupational i presented. Pi^ *<disbase control was called to order by ftffis.'Johnson, Assistant to the Manager, audience or the ^Engineering Department, American Muin which it js tofe %|tcal 'Liability Insurance Company, Bos- h ^ Ij^i^-Mass., who presided. The problems RS^ere'-presented as a panel discussion, and -~P housing and $4 f.'r^rfiairfnan Johnson introduced the mem- *S*l^ribers of the panel, as follows: terns I and 2 usuajjj J'>Roy S. Bonsib, Chief Safety Inspector, :ype projector neetj. '-.Standard Oil Company of New jersey, combination unit s fe'^ew York City. h of greater flexibg. j^^Warren A. Cook, Division of Industrial necessary to procun tiJlygiene and Engineering Research, -.nt focal length '.fix jM^urich General Accident & Liability Inarly if a variety''d &?ur|nce Company, Chicago. tountered. The shorto the projector and%\fc-ivS&jPlt A. G. Cranch, Industrial Toxicology c focal length of^ to,--.>avrtme, nt, Union Carbide Company, t.-.e average projeefer, York ^ity. an lenses are usuall^r^^r.-Leonard Greenburg, Executive Di- Division of Industrial Hygiene, inability is more New State Department of Labor. :i is governed almbs J:'~NeW York City- -ation. Too much is f Willis G. Hazard, Personnel Division. d projection powel .Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, O. .d to portability. l| Dr. E. G. Meiter, Director, Industrial a projector lamp! `.clow 200 watts. ~y preference is f r cctor bulb of from \ .zs larger than thiijj .r circuit which may? 'ceded. In projector? f ..*ger than 300 watt; . draft ventilation^- vise damage to the' ' projected is almos^ t bulb itself may; l Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Comoany, Wausau. Wis. Dr. O. A. Sander, Milwaukee, Wis. The Discussion Plan CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: We have agreed to have a working base from which we will talk. This working base from which we will try to develop our opinions is what I choose to call a triangle oi re sponsibly. visualizing \v!:e: may be called the three A. B. C.'s of or. equilateral tri angle. _At_the toft, of-this triangle- is manage ment ot an industrial enterprise, the man who has to pay the bi:ls. thc man who hires the labor, thc man who worries about their health. On the left base is the medi cal side. They are the group employed to carry out the medical part of industrial management's responsibility. And on the lower right is the third base of this tri angle where we find the engineers or in dustrial hygienists, who have to develop and prepare for the operating group the controls of occupational disease, as far as engineering is concerned with controlling them. Now, there is a strong tie between the medical and the engineering phases through that base line of the triangle. What we hope to do in discussing each topic is to develop that tie, which we will call the balance of opinion between the medical phases developed by the doctors on my left, and the engineering phases de veloped by the engineers on my right. I would like to ask this panel a ques tion. For a great many years occupational hazards have been studied in one indus try or another. Would this panel feel, let us say, sanguine that any industrial enter prise is now ready, by employing proper personnel, by searching out the answers wherever they may be found, to solve an occupational disease problem if they have one. and by the proper solution maintain thc safety and health of the employees? Put another way. are we still groping in the dark on some of these hazards by reason of conflict of opinion, conflict of experimental data and theoretical expres sion by folks who find the theoretical haz ard in exposure because it is suggested in the book? Will Dr. E. G. Cranch talk briefly along tins line of suggestion? DR. CRANCH: This question is a broad one: Is any industry satisfied that it is in a position to solve an occupational disease on the basis of present informa tion? I would say, absolutely yes. for the majority of occupational disease, problems arc sufficiently understjWlAl|j&l.^dopt effiV cicru measures for contnJifiY'-Z<"- 4-. oco 1 mm V-v|> . *. *i~ J 41 134 2Sth National Safety Congress Oct CHAIRMAN' JOHNSON': Frequently I hear it said, "Well, why should I do anything about this until you folks come to terms on whether I ought to have two parts per million or two thousand parts per million?" Let us develop this farther and ask the opinion of Dr. E. G. Meiter, on the engineering side. DR. MEITER: I agree with Dr. Cranch that there is enough known to solve these occupational disease hazards. If some employers are not willing to do anything at all until all possible informa tion is available, I would sav that they are never going to start. arsenic and benzol. The chief reason. ,, seems to me. why we still continue have poisonings in industry is because employer and the worker do not reai: the gravity of these hazards and do take the problem seriously enough to is. scitute the necessary and proper means prevention. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now I ia going to switch to the engineering and ask the same question. Let us visual ize an industrial enterprise that is fearful that has a notion that some exposure is* serious one. and wants to know if there is anything from an industrial engineering standpoint that will make it impossible or -casurenientr That is. by visual ;ion Or does he feel that it is b-, '.'^cstion desirable to have the sur\ >fchnicaliy by industrial hygieni* trained to sample prope "roper instruments? MR. BONSIB: I think the rouble in industry today is t: i'.lS been too much guess work. irig with insidious problems sue new substances and some of the stances which have been ititrodu "retty Hard to hang your hat c thing, and the average exccut; wints to know exactly what is cannot know that without In solving these occupational disease problems, we have a progressive solution. In the same way that the 1941) automobile could not have been built- in 1920. just so arc we progressing in all the branches of engineering, ventilation, ventilation equip ment, and respiratory protective devices, and so I think adequate information is available. difficult to devise the proper instrument! to measure the quantity of expcsuif, whether it he dust, gas or fume. I am going to turn that over to Want# Cook. MR. COOK: Today wc have m.crt methods available for finding out hor much of the injurious materials a man a being exposed to than wc have ever ht4 evidence. Vou have got to get d formation and data. When once you know the fac ran only be obtained through means and by experienced people cive them something definite they can base definite conch;io) V:\kh you can base your ] measures. A Basis for Truth CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I think we have a balance oi opinion there. If you have an occupational disease hazard, there is enough knowledge stored somewhere in the books and brains to tackle it or solve it in progressive fashion. But wc are clut tered up. I think, by a lot of crack-brained in the past. Formerly it was a very iabotk ous procedure in most cases to ssalya the atmosphere inhaled by the worktft Today in connection with more and mort of the injurious material.*, we are caWnf placed in our hands and arc having de> velopctl methods which will quickly tell us how much of the injurious material Z in the atmosphere breathed by the worker. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: > assured that we can discuss son- problems. We have our base, agreement that there is no ordi: rational disease hazard that roped with, that there is stiff knee to sort fact from fancy. Jre instruments sufficient in qu L'trf for proper engineering an notions. I have read any quantity oi liter ature in which somebody has ventured the opinion that because such and such ma terials are used, we must have a hazard that is just about ready to kill oft the population of the plant. Do wc know enough about the hazards and control of benzol, silicosis, arsenic, phosphorus, radium, x-ray, and so forth, Wc have devices which will ce:rnutjf the concentration of carbon rnceoxwt merely by reading a gauge. Similar equiptneut is being developed for ocher injuh' ous materials. For vapors, about the f device is the tnnerperometer. and we hoi* { wc will he able to get equipment ofJ kind manufactured in this country on5 these days, hut ;it the present r.me *fi ffiere is no need of guessh l-ct us start now an occupn n* control program. Wc hav t-e management at the top s p' hazard, if any. Control it. setting up a medical den jcttsng up engineering o> "v'?'nists. I want you fellow* : Ingram so that my operati to sort out the truth and build upon solid rather difficult to obtain. _ j- can install the necessary tact an effective safety program? Will Tractically all of the injurious Dr. Leonard Grccnburg develop that for in industrial atmospheres can be de ever ;`'ey ntay be, and ass: be no emergence of <1 .a cottple ofjnfnutes? DR. GREENBURG: It seems to me that there is a definite body of evidence which is available on the more important occupational poisons and for the more important occupational diseases, that makes it possible to prevent and control these poisonings and these hazards with a great deal of certainty. That holds for substances such ss car bon monoxide and lend and chromium and mined. Some of the methods *re beirt simple than others, but method* are simplified all of the time so the <^ cgimncceerr imn tthnec ppllaanntt can avail hinisc* theesse mrnecthodfis. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: No* going to ask Roy Bonsib a rather cr` question. In cases of doubt. .vhr has to be balanced with knowledge-'' he think it advisable to attempt t ' a hazard in a plant without ,ri *on of these exposures." The Medical Progran ?v5'e* us build first the medi Of what does 'j^HDr.O. A. Sander? ;:rt `.,^NDER: I am glad : nce<j pfjz medical pr< na* .j^sell&r control all'-wrk 0GG*-G3 Occupational Disease Control 135 chi` rcas0n a \ till continue / ; -v is because p. ` - do not realise irds and do ,,c. { y enough to ;r, proper means o- } 5 OX: Now I atr \ engineering sid( i 1. Let us visual. \ c that is fearful, * :ic exposure is ? o know if ther< ! trial engineering it impossible or j 3pcr instruments |' '>' of exposure, f r fume. _: . over to Warren i we have more 1. Ending out how itcrials a man is I c have ever had ' vas a very labori- ; cases to anaiyn l by the worker. , ' ii more and more ! A. we are having > i arc having de- will quickly tei!; irious material is : d by the worker. . h will determine nrbon monoxide . c. Similar equip- for other injur;s. ai>out the bes: 'ter. and we hope 'luipment of thi: = country one (' resent time it is .mrious material > can be deter;:bods are more -.cthods arc beir.c <o the safety en- avail himself v: -OX: Xow I air. > a rather cz/tiea r.tbt. where tea' :::owlcd-C. won!'attempt to den' .:t:iout Jechmcs ient? That is. by visual observa^c4SUQr does be feel that it is beyond all t`on;tion desirable to have the survey made ^hnicaUy by industrial hygienists or by lCgn trained to sample properly with Soper instruments? MR &ONSIB: I think the greatest -ouble in industry today is that there las been too much guess work. In dcal- w;th insidious problems such as the ' . substances and some of the old sub stances which have been introduced, it is pretty hard to hang your hat on every thing, and the average executive today svants to know exactly what is what, and TpU cannot know that without concrete evidence. You have got to get definite in formation and data. When once you know the facts, which can only be obtained through technical means and by experienced people, you can give them something definite on which they can base definite conclusions and on which you can base your preventive measures. CHAIRMAN JOHXSOX: Xow I feel assured that we C3n discuss some detailed problems. We have our base. We are in agreement that there is no ordinary occu pational disease hazard that cannot he roped with, that there is sufficient evi dence to sort fact from fancy, that there arc instruments sufficient in quantity and kind for proper engineering analysis, and thii there is no need o: guessing. Let us start now an occupational dis ease control program. We have Plant X. The- management at the top says. "Find my hazard, it any. Control it. if need be. i a~ setting up a medical department: I 'm setting up engineering occupational hygienists. I want you fellows to work out 3 program so that my operating depart ment car. install the necessary safeguards, whatever they may be. and assure me that 'ere v.-ill he n0 emergence oi disability by rea-on of these exposures." The Medical Program '> build first the medical haif of '".a: program. Of what docs it generally Dr. O. A. Sander? : Tgrtn glad you empha* :hc need of a medical program in an 'ationai disease control program. ,r- with the engineering control. An :' examination oi all worker- exposed to a particular occupational hazard is as necessary as is the exact determination of a hazard by engineering methods. The appearance or the findings in antgroup of workers exposed to a particular dust, or what have you, gives an accurate picture ot the hazard which has existed over a period of years. That picture is one which the engineers cannot give you. because their dust counts or other deter minations may be only temporary or may vary from day to day. It may have changed considerably in the past few years; the hazard may have been for example, ten times as great two years before as it was on the day the dust counts were made. So r.o occupational disease control is ade quate without initial examination of all employees. CHAIRMAN JOHXSOX: Dr. Sander has developed the need for the medical examination as a survey question to deter mine whether conditions as they have ex isted have produced any pathology in the men. Let us assume that, and Install our program of control. Dr. Greenburg. what do you feel about the need for periodicity in the examination program? DR. GREENBURG: That would largely depend on what particular hazards were present in the plant itself. In certain cases it would be desirable to examine workers very frequently, perhaps even as often as once a month: and in other in stances it might be very satisfactory to examine them once a year, depending on just what particular substances the work ers were exposed to in their daily occupa tion and how satisfactory the technical means oi control were. Fo: migk every oi te exam, mo::: that, be d; then: .'rein 'act or :: 136 2$th .Xationai Sard v t unarcss Occup ;-;.tion ami the particular substances em ployed. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I would like to ask Dr. Grcenburg to amplify just one point. If the survey about which Dr. Sander spoke discloses no specific occu pational disease hazard as having caused any pathology--and that is the situation that obtains in most plants--but still there may be some moderate exposures to this or to that, and the management wants to be perfectly sure, how often as a general thing should those men come up for re examination? Understand, this survey has disclosed no pathology, no damage, nothing you can put your teeth in or hang your hat on as indicating a great need for engineering changes in current methods of control. Re-examination Periods DR. GREENEURG: That would largely depend on whether there were any hazardous materials being used in the plant. If the condition of the men at the time of the initial examination was quite negative and no hazardous material is be ing used in the plant. I should say the de cision as to whether or not you arc going to have physical examinations is largely an open one. and a matter of wide judg ment. For example, in the case of a depart ment store's employees, where young women act as salesladies, under ordinary conditions, it might not be necessary or desirable to give them physical examina tions more than once in five years, per haps not even then. If. on the other hand, the physical ex aminations were quite negative, and yet toxic materials are being employed, the decision would depend on how toxic those materials are and what the analysis of the plant atmosphere shows. It seems to me that tiie answer to the question is a matter of judgment which ` mnsr-bc-based--on-a- comparison of the relative hazards of the exposure as com pared with the cost and desirability of continuing intensive physical examination, and only by knowing the detailed facts can one arrive 2t a sound decision in a particular given instance. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I think that it is very important for you all to consider carefully the opinion expressed there. You will observe that he has placed the burden upon his own proiession, by careful discussion, of course, with the management that is to pay the bijj; but the decision must rest with the doc tor upon the evidence as presented by the conditions of the plant and the employees themselves. There is no cook book formula which says you must put employees through the mill at standard intervals. But the making of medical examinations is another thing. It always presents problems, because men frequently are frightened when they know they are being examined to see if there is anything the matter with them, not just being examined to sec if they are all right. They are always tearful that some dire calamity may overtake them soon. It is a real personnel prob lem. one that has to be handled with judgment. I am going to ask Dr. Crancit if, in his long experience of examining a great many employees for operating exposures that might not be hazardous, he has al ways been able to keep those employees calm and collected and quiet and quite content with what things were found. DR. CRAXCH: Physical examination programs for occupational disease con trol can hardly be divorced from a physi cal examination program aimed at general health conservation. Where it is possible to have a medical service, where the physi cian is in daily contact with the man. physical examination presents far fi'\er difficulties than where it is done only for the sake of occupational disease control. If an outside physican comes in to ex amine certain groups of men at intervals of from one month to two years, me" logically have a right to expect that there may be something going wrong those who are called in frequently. an" that leads to considerable nervousness n their part as to what will be found. There is a matter of psychology 3lltj practice in carrying out such a program & examinations. It is much simpler, whe** it is possible to arrange it. to have reason ably frequent examinations for general health conservation, and these examh,a` lions, then, will be included lit the ri\g"'ar procedure and help to determine the ctT<?c,J of an occupational disease exposure. 1 As Dr. Greenbttrg said, we do tempt as a rule a routine exatnin; a fixed interval of a year, we v. The periodicity of our re-examin; determined largely by several first, the possible exposure to occu: disease hazards; second, what we r. connection with that man's health days go by. Our supervisory force is usu: siructed to send in any man whe a little under the weather, who d seem to be doing well, who seem slipping & little. From their recorn lions often we pick up cases that c require examination which o: would easily have been ovcrlooke. Another thing which we have to ber is that many symptoms arc c not only to occupational disease sttres incident to life in general: medical program for the control c pational disease is therefore ex important in that the contact mus tablished with the men to determi: changes are going on and what origin. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: T portant point to me is that you drag in a physician from the outs is a total stranger to your problem, because he is an expert loxicologis pert something else, and ask him t a medical examination or control : for about a week, and then depart Hire him to consult with yc Physician, but let ycur own phyfold the occupational disease pro- ,0 the general health cotiservat: gram, that the findings of the one augment and support the finding other. Now I am going to talk to the er ?nd assume that a survey has be? m,,',v_hich we have discovered a sufficiently dangerous so that, in rs opinion, something ought to 1 out it. I am not assuming the sone so far as to kiii nrbri; buff* h: ^ted itself either in moderate earl om$ or some actual demonstrt tholoSy in a few. themK*sS^'1 l"c may tis&^tci.'utr r own work-in co Occupational Disease Control 137 :: <xprcj at he own pr0i course. ^ :*r the fc kh the <j -"ted by - employ -mula which trough tht ; : the making ' other thing. , because rr.tr. j when ther ; d to see ii ; ' with them. I see it thev vavs ieartii; : :av overtake , sonnel prob- -andled with * i ::cii if, in his i i"g a great ! "g exposures ; -s. he has al- [ ?c employees and quite ; ere found. i examination itscasc con- ram a physi- vd at genera! is possible -e the physi:h the mat:. : far fewer ' ;;:e only for ,-asc control ".Si It! to ex: at iuierval- years.. me: ?: chat there wrong wire: .cuenf!;- . amrvou-*;u or . found. T.-roiog? at:*: pro^ram o'__ ntpk-r. i'.-ln-r* have m : or generac c>::i miu.v the r-. gukr lilt- r w'ei-t? i r-.-. As Dr- Greenburg said, we do not atot as a rule a rout,nc examination at te interval of a year, we will say. The periodicity of our re-examination is determined largely by several factors: first the possible exposure to occupational disease hazards; second, what we notice in connection with that man's health as the days go by. Our supervisory force is usually in structed to send in any man who seems a little under the weather, who does not seem to be doing well, who seems to be slipping a little. From their recommenda tions often we pick up cases that certainly require examination which otherwise would easily have been overlooked. Another thing which wc have to remem ber is that many symptoms are common not only to occupational disease expo sures incident to life in general: and the medical program for the control oi occu pational disease is therefore extremely important in that the contact must be es tablished with the men to determine what chance; are going on and what is their origin. CHAIRMAN' JOHNSON: The im portant point to me is that you cannot drag in a physician from the outside who is a total stranger to your problem, merely because he is an expert toxicologist or ex pert something else, and ask him to set up a me ileal examination or control program for about a week, and then depart. H:.-e him to consult with your own phyj;c:an. but let your own physician so fold the occupational disease program in to tr.e general health conservation progran:. that the findings of the one serve to augment and support the findings of the other. Now I am going to talk to the engineers, assume that a survey has been made ir* J-'-'rtich we have discovered a hazard su~c:er.tly dangerous so that, in the doctc-r s opmion, something ought to be done abcc: :t. I am not assuming that it ha? so far as to kill men, but it has mani- ivsclrcither in moderate early symp toms or some actual demonstrable pa- in a few. 1 want to ask this group of engineers -tv want the medical men to tell `e~ which they may use to utmost ad:n their own work in connection with surveying to locate and ::ad the hazard that they want to control. Will Willis Hazard discuss that one? MR. HAZARD: It seems to me that the most important thing that the doctor can tell the engineer is what his findings are from the physical examination. That more or less determines how serious the hazard is; it often isolates it to certain in dividuals in the plant, and that points the way to places that should come under en gineering control in that regard. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Perhaps you have already visualized what I am leading to. I want Mr. Bonsib to develop that a little farther. Here we have the medical examination installed to disclose what is wrong, it anything. I want him to develop the engineering control method. What iact and what data does he need to go about his business? Engineering Control MR. BONSIB: Since the amount of damage to the human mechanism depends upon the exposure and the concentration, the engineer should know tltc maximum allowable concentration to which he would have to maintain the working atmosphere or the working condition, and as an en gineer that is something that the medical profession must give so that the engineer will have something to which it- work. I think the answer to the question, then, is that it is very essential that the thresh old or maximum allowable concentration permissible be known. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: : do not think wc will quarrel about that. I am certain no engineerin? group will stick out its neck far enough to define for the medical profession what constitutes the safe threshold limit. It is net quite the answer to the question I had in mind, however. For a great many years, vo: . know, the medical profession has beer, conducting it? work successfully in indu try, main- tair.ir.g the greatest degree c: confidence between the employees anc the doctor through the fact that the c: cior never revealed what was the maw :\vdih the mail if there was anythin He grade? the men in a general r.G?mp)oy- ahJo. or employable stibje zjvJrfVeuical Z&tiifi-J&i 2Sth .Xational Safety Congress service, or employable in limbed expo sures. I think I have blown open a question here: Can the doctor inform the engineer of a sufficient number of facts about the hazard to which these men have been ex posed without weakening that professional much dust. It had been shown that gypsum dust itself does not cause silicosis or injury to the lungs. Where there i$ silica sand, we look for that injury to the lungs and the development of ribrosis and silicosis where the exposure is high and continued over a long period of time. have the doctors and ti two bases of our triang anguine that hazards \Ve know enough, ther edge in the aggregate U'e say that the need gram is as vital as th eineering program: th; confidence which he has established in Consequently, where about half of the to he the plant doctor, the workmen whom he is examining? material used in this operation was siiica specialists as he needs What I want this group of engineers to develop is: Can they use adequately mass information, or information about the group, without having to know that Mike sand, it was the guess of the engineer lhat here was a condition which had to be con trolled effectively to keep the dust concen tration down to very low levels. sel with him; that tl amount of factual inf must turn over to th gineer for his use as < Dambrowski is about one month from To everyone's surprise, the x-ray exami- formances. and that emerging with a disability; Will you de nations of workers who had been exposed should tell the engir velop that. Mr. Hazard? to these operations for a number of years, low the hazard must t MR. HAZARD: It seems to me it is entirely possible for the engineer to use the medical result? in a purely statistical manner. He does not have :o know who is sick or whether it is Mike Dambrowski or somebody else. It is extremely impor tant that he know the number of people who are showing the same ailment and showed that there was no development ot fibrosis. Further engineering data was collected, and it was found that two tilings hap pened. In the first place, the grain size of the sand was rather uniformly large and well washed. There was no abrasive action to produce a great number of fine it reasonably safe; the perfectly willing and hazard in some fashioi things; and the perio< nation to find out wh did a job or not depc dons as the doctor fiw in the men themselves the number of people who are working in particles. In the air itself, the concentra Of course, the eng cite department or the plan; as a whole. tion of free silica was not 50 per cent, or continue to use the in MR. EOXSIB: I do no; sec how you can protect against something unless yon know what it is going to cc: and I do not see how you can provide necessary pro tective measures without knowing to what extent you have to go on them. You must know the threshold limit to which the sub stance or the material, whether it is gas. fume or dust, is causing the trouble. If you do not know what the toxic limit is. that is. the amount it takes tv make people sick or how much the human mechanism can stand, making due a";wancc for the idiosyncrasies of the susceptible, I do not what it was in the main material, but only one or two per cent. Finally, laboratory examination showed that where you get quartz dust falling, or where you would get gypsum dust settling out of the air fairly rapidly, the quartz dust settled out more rapidly: and the combination oi quartz and gypsum settled cut even more rapidly than, either one alone, due to the fact that the gypsum dust caused agglom erations with the silica dust, and you had large groups of particles which caused this more rapid settling. Xow, the data obtained through the t | to check their own res Xow I am going < program and explore tions suggested there, cuss phases of exhaus n the engineering scribing machinery o to make it possible design an exhaust sy thinks he needs it? arade. glorified vac: Market to pick one install it in the fo produce results? see how the engineer can provide the necessary measures. Therefore. I still maintain that the threshold limit is the essentia! thing for the engineer to know. That gives hint something to shoot at. In other words, he must reduce that concentration to the medical examination and the x-ray 'vJS j what gave the hint that the cost and the completeness of the control at that opera- ' | tion was not as great as it would normally | be thought to be by the engineer walkm? | into the situation. I CHAIRMAN'JOHXSOX: I thinkthat . ^r- Mciter, will ...oughts on present tailor-made exhaust Engineering design o r,r tile Individual plai Exhaust point below which it will not make any illustration binds together* these various _ - D*- MEITER: Ii one sick, and the length c: exposure neces points. f ^ available readv-i sary to which that perscr. must be .ex posed. I have watched that particular study df* vcloped with a great deal of interest. 3itd- fn equipment. The f" *Elect from a cr MR. COOK: An ir.-tancc might be cited where other factors than threshold limits have been utilized. For example, in the gypsum industry, in certain plants there is what is known as a sanded plaster manufacturing operation where there is - for a fact, the engineers did not kno" . of did not have to know, anything about **** men as uals: tiic doctor kept th* in his file ^.i^tely.T; Xow 1 ^%,Sun>n)arize''7dA~jtist' a ment. to we have a'trwed. Y-T Prblems has b ,T1 th Progress of thi - so** tl\at ^ mean tl: 'Vl11 have, sav call hui,m in ai 000:107 , shown that cause silicosis v'here there is .t injury to the of fibrosis and re is high and id of time. -.ut half of the .tion was silica e engineer that had to he conhe dust concctiievcls. he x-ray exami.i been exposed imber of years, development ot i was collected, vo things hap- the grain size iniiormly large was no abrasive . number of fine the conccntra; 50 per cent, or material, but only /.ally, laboratory : where you gt here yon would out of tiic air dv.st settled our combination o' \ ,-.ut even more due to the --used agglom- and yon bae h.ich cri-i'cd th:r A through the ho x-ray was : cost and the a: that operaould normally rir.ecr walkinc : l think that these variou: -.---- uiar -tudy d:;ntorc-t. no: know. liner about t:w tor kept that uk iii-r ;i in' vc arrived. V\ Occupational Disease Control 139 [iave the doctors and the engineers as the {xvo bases of our triangle. Our panel feels sanguine that hazards can be controlled. \Ve know enough, there is enough knowl edge in the aggregate to control them. \\'e say that the need for a medical pro gram is as vital as the need for an en gineering program; that the doctor ought to be the plant doctor, augmented by such specialists as he needs to employ to coun sel with him: that- they have a certain amount of factual information that they must turn over to the hygienist or en gineer for his use as a check for his per formances. and that the medical crowd should tell the engineering crowd how low the hazard must be taken to consider it reasonably safe: that the engineers arc perfectly willing and able to tackle the hazard in some fashion if they know those things: and the periodicity of tltc exami nation to find out whether 'the engineers did a job or not depends upon the condi tions as the doctor finds the record written in the men themselves. Of course, the engineer? arc going to continue to use the instrument? ot survey to check their own result?. Mow I am going down to our printed program and explore some of the ques tions suggested there. The panel will dis cuss phases of exhaust systems. Are there in the engineering catalogues, data de scribing machinery of one kind or another to make it possible for the engineer to design r.:: exhaust system if he wants it. or thinks he needs it? Are there enough high trade, glorified vacuum cleaners on the market to pick one out of the catalogue and install : t in tire plant, and expect it to produce r< Dr. Meinr. will you develop your '-hough:- on present market conditions of tailor-made exhaust system? as against raginevriug resign o: exhaust svsrems to ~t the indivi Exhaust Svstems DR. me: Mt avaiiahh `n.it eouinm- -i: -Me: :: Mur yroido: ' ! hi; l;V - r The assumption that you .* catalogue and ventilate as been a great drawback this work, n this: Oftentimv- a a local tin worker, n and he, wiihom know ing: what the requirements are of the State Code, without knowing the limits to which the gas, dust or fume has to be exhausted, immediately sets about and de signs a hood. Then, without even knowing how much air can be handled by that hood, he looks into the classified section of the telephone book and calls up the fan company. The fan company has a salesman, but he is not in. so the office girl looks up the technical data, and the company ships the fan. When this ventilating system is finally installed, the sheet metal worker says, "Well, the sheet metal work portion of it is all right, and that is all I guarantee." Then the fan company, on the other hand, says that the fan delivers a certain volume oi air at the speed shown in their catalogue, so they wash their hands of it. And finally, when the whole thing is in. it does not work and a job has been poorly done. So the point I wish to make is that ventilation, no matter how simple, requires technical knowledge and technical instru ments to determine when the system is really working. CHAIRMAN* JOHNSON: t think Dr. Mcitcr has put his finger on a very criticaf point. When I speak about engineering control. I mean engineering control, and I do no: mean tinsmith control. Let me Sander talked about the metal fume ever, zinc shakes. Visualize, if you will, the problem of a shipyard building tie* <:roycrs for the United States Navy of galvanized sheet plate, with a great deal '.-f electrical welding work to be done in confined spaces, in the little tanks and cells oi which the ship is constructed. There is a plant set up in the field, you might say, lying for nearly a year at its fittine-our basin, a little plant about 325 feet long and 30 feet wide. 23 to 30 feet molded depth and heaven only knows how tanks in it (they get down to pretty cv.ail sizes-' with welding to be done in most, In those confined spaces welding, -tea i .-fitting and electrical--work-must he dene. Can. you imagine a tailor-made ven- g system being used there? iet u? go to the next question, proMur:-- in mind'that t^atapp^ror a - -r'vareti on the skirpo;c. 14i. 28th National Safety Congress u.-ually the purpose is to prevent the moderate amounts of something or other from coming into contact with the skin. These creams and lotions are oi two kinds, those that are water soluble for use in oily exposures, and those which arc oil soluble for use in aqueous exposures. This use of cream. I declare arbitrarily, as Chairman of this party, is not in lieu of any other control. These creams arc used because controls cannot be made absolute, and because there are sensitive -kins to be taken care of. Dr. Crunch, would you like to discuss the effectiveness and the use of creams, from the viewpoint of the doctor who has a cock-eyed purchasing agent who buys an oil soluble when lie wants a water -olnble. and vice versa? Protective Creams and Lotions DR. CRAN'CH: ( think you have -tarted something. Protective creams cer tainly have a held in the protection of skin from various irritant substances. I would put far ahead of the use of protec tive creams, however, good personal hygiene and thorough cleanliness on the part o* the worker. Where that is ob tained. the question of protective creams I? of lesser importance: sometimes nega tive importance. There are certain exposures, however, where no amount of persona! hygiene or cleanliness is enough to protect from pos-ihle harm. Therefore, we do have a place for protective creams of the two classes Mr. ./oltt:*on lias just mentioned. I'rimary in the consideration and selec tion of any cream, of course, is the nature of the exposure. If it is on an oily sub stance. v. e must use a water soluble cream which will form a coating over the -kin and resist the penetration of the oily material. And. i-:; the other hand, if it is a water -olnbk' substance from which we must haw protection, we must have an oily base in the protective cream. The ;:t-t consideration, then, is that the cream itself shall not contain an irritant. That incidentally opens up the whole licit! of allergy. There are many people sen sitive tc certain of the common ingredients ncd in many of these protective coatings. They c;:;t probably only lie discovered by means of a patch test or by actual exper,. encc in the use of the cream. In that case, some other means of protection must be adopted, or the matt assigned to other work. The great proportion of creams now on the market appear to be reasonably free from any irritants or substances that are particularly likely to bring about an al lergic reaction. The main thing is to select the one designed ior the type of protec tion required. These creams, wc have found, are often considerably abused. Men seem to think, in many place?, that the cream has to be applied tit a coating that hv its mechanical thickness to the naked eye will protect tlie skin. T have seen a man put on a quarter of ;t pound where half an inch squeezed out of a tube would probably have answered the purpose. In that case, they often run into other difficulties. Many of these creams which protect from oil substances, are creams which have a ?-->ap base: the men are simply running around in a soap poultice, and they work up an irritation which is as great or in some cases greater titan that which would have resulted from the ex posure they sought to prevent. In the oily cream preoarations which protect from water soluble substances, they offer u< very queer mixtures. LanoJitie as a b;-.-e. I think, is the thing w choice for that type of protection, rather than a petrolatum. It works a little fur* tlicr into the skin. I believe, and will pro tect in a more thorough manner than the petrolatum base preparations which just smear over the surface and are more easily rubbed <.ff and fail in their protw* tiou. Another thing to consider is. that d'1' last word ha* certainly not been said on protective ereams: they are in the procesof rather rapid tfmdopmem'.' I heUei'C_ there are commercially available niatt> -uitable tyv-e- of protective creams. an<^ on the other baud, they can be made up for a specific purpose very satisfactorily on the advice of your physician. You c!tn get a very -.lisfactorv cream that can ** produced in futile for your own use. Najj.yu: ry Pra*ftiqa-,. * O-lAlRj........... mtinm* m dai:sc2u,.S*S&ftS^itif "rrepcsfpd,rr3' : tor.v protection. In conne examination of thousand men. Dr. Sander has esph tions which they condu knows what they all mean lias found that some of tk tected by exhaust system the men are protected by protection- either filters or of respiration. I interpret respiratory meat! the kind of respire that you stick onto the mr. is all respiratory protcctic if Dr. Sander would 1 whether or not he has fou examination of men that type of respirator has be will actually protect the.m- DR. SAXDER: Bcgir Wasters, undoubtedly the met affords almost 100 pe" ior the prevention of silici helmet is kept in good w< and provided the air presthe helmet is satisfactory. In the observation of blasters in a seven-year yet to see the first one who had worked only witi met. Also. I have seen r stage cases develop a ? cosis during that infer'" case has been kept at v. been shifted. We feei that a sand modern helmet is breatbi anyone else in the found" ^ct. and there is ccrtu shitting him out onto th-"s piece of respiratory ifiving him more du-t t! his sard blasting job. far ss the other i<r 3[e conrf.-ned, of course .."sable to exhaust when lre 4 few occupations \\ auted satisfactorilv. 'and chipping, and wlu be done, it is ndvir `^r"' t0 'vear the filter i n*i!r' evc" l,,cre it is a<K n?cthod of death .ls ail that is fcasi <* with high ,v '"luv aM saml, aud so ith --.rdinary'stand Oil'llf'olionol Disease Control xci'-al vxpcrj. In that caSf :io:; must bt :od to otliff > T -asns now o.sonably fre< ccs that about an a|. :g is to select pe of protec. md. are often cm to think, im has to be :' mechanical w:il protect an put on a hai: an inch -id probably m :::to othvr reams which are creams -n arc simply poultice, and which is as :cr titan that from the e.v- T.t;o::s which - substances, ttures. Lanothe tiling o: ct::. rather a !:ttlc ftirmd will pn::cr titan ?ii< v.T.ieh ju: :re more tnetr protec- th.it tin w:: -aid or the process t . believe many ."earns. ami. `>e made u: -.i::-:acf<>rin u: Von cat: ti.it cat; i>< . v wi: respire:- protection. In connection with the lamination of thousands of foiutdry** Dr. Sander has explored the opera? n5 which they conduct so that he knows what they all mean. He of course has found that some of the men arc pro tected by exhaust systems, and some of the men are protected by personal body protection, either filters or the airline type of respiration. I interpret respiratory protection to mean the kind of respiratory protection that you stick onto the man. Of course, it is all'respiratory protection, but I wonder if Dr. Sander would like to discuss whether or not he has found by the actual examination of men that the satisfactory type of respirator lias been found which will actually protect the.mett. DR. SANDER: Beginning with sand blasters, undoubtedly the modern air hel met affords almost 100 per cent protection for the prevention oi silicosis, provided the helmet is kept in good working condition, and provided the air pressure coining into the helmet is satisfactory. In the observation of about 300 >aml blasters in a seven-year period I have yet to see the first one develop silicosis who had worked only with the modern hel met. Also. I have seen no so-called firststage cases develop a second stage sili cosis during that interval. A first-stage case has been kept at work: he lias not been shifted. W't feel that a sand blaster with a modc-rn helmet is breathing Ivs* dust than anyone else in the foutidr.v as a matter oi fact, and there is certainly no point in shifting him out onto the d*'-.-. removing his piece of rospw'ttory p- - immi and giving him more t.->r iran gitriuu' at li;< sand blasting job. As far as tiie other foundry operation- are concerned, of course it i- always ad visable to exhaust when po-.-r'de. There are a few occupations that :.".r.ot be ex hausted satisfactorily. Oik- these i- it'-r.d chipping, and where chipping must be done, it is advisable ::r the chip- >crs to wear the filter respirators. How ever. eve:: {here it i* advisable -> try :pim- 'ther method of cleaning ;h casting if !>;at is ail that is feasible--; r instance, ing with high press:.::-. combined `ter am} sand, and so for?'- ith f.rdinarv <;and grit":: no need of respiratory protection, provided an exhaust system is used and is in proper working condition. The exhaust ventilation for swing grinders is a little more difficult, but it has been accomplished. There are very tew swing grinders in Wisconsin that arc exhausted, however. It has been our ex perience that swing grinders have not de veloped as much silicosis as was at first believed, and the reason probably is that by the time they get the castings there is no more molding sand on them. It has all been removed first in the grinding wheels with all the artificial abrasive, so the only silica the swing grinder is breathing fs generally plant dust. Molders and core makers need no spe cial respiratory protection, in my opinion. A molder just could not do the job very well if he were required to wear a respira tor from morning until night. I do not think I would depend on a respirator for the protection of the man with the tuberculous scar. I would rather move him to some other job. or move his job somewhere else, or localize his job in a -vparate mom and ventilate it. I sev no reason why wc should worry about a sand blaster today, even with a tuberculous scar. We feel they are not going to develop silicosis, and therefore we think that what little dust there may be will have no effect on such a tuber culous scar. We have not permitted sand blasters with tuberculous scars :o continue working on that job, but I think we should permit them to do so today, knowing that the hazard of sand blasting is controlled provided, of course, the equipment is kept in working condition. CHAIRMAN* JOHNSON*: That dis-ertation answers beautifully the question f respiratory protection as far as it ap plies to the foundry, and I think direct inak'gy will carry that opinion over into almost any other exposure that y>u choose carry it into. In order to play absolute'.:-' fair with everyone in the audience. I am going to -tart op.jthe questions that have come to me. nndi&SfcAM-c Ogj^^-numher.- - rst -Assuming mten^wP-'aileouatc engin- JSth Xatioual Safely t oiiorvss eering ami medical departments is essen tial to properly control dust hazards. Stow can the smaller plants, thsse having 100 or 200 employees, cope with this prob lem and determine whether cr not they have a hazardous dust condition or any other occupational disease condition? It would be impossible in many cases tor these small plants to set up elaborate and expensive control departments. To lead the answer in a definite direc tion. 1 am going to suggest that perhaps the answer lies in the recent development in almost every industrial state, divisions of occupational disease hygiene, cither in the Department ot" Labor or the Depart ment of Health. I am sure Dr. Leonard Grceuburg would like to answer that question. The Small Plant Problem DR. GREEXBLRG: There arc two things that the smaller plant may do: one is to make use ot its insurance company to the fullest extent: and the second is to make use of such facilities as the state lias at its disposal, either the Department of Labor or the Department of Health. In approximately 30 states in the Union, there arc divisions of industrial hygiene in cither the Department of Labor or the Department of Health, and in a few cases in both, and they are always prepared and eager to help the smaller riant, particu larly with such problems a? this. Many of the insurance c::npanies have developed divisions of hygiene and have experts on their staff who arc also pre pared and able to render service along these lines. It seems to nte that the big gest problem is to get the smalt plant management to recognize that the stum bling block is management itself. Once that recognition has beer, achieved, it is a relatively simple thing tt> obtain prac tically tree service from either of these two organizations in an effort to really do constructive preventive work. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Let me add one thought to that answer. I ant familiar with most of those divisions. In none of them is there anybody tarrying a big stick to browbeat or to hammer into shape the small plants that want help. They are already giving help in an advisory fashion. There has been icar. a*, times, that you could sti'i let a state man into the plant without expecting him to change a recom mendation into an order overnight. I have nor seen that in this treatment of rite occu pational disease problem. 1 am not telling you that it docs not exist; I say I have not seen it. I have here a question for our engineers. Yesterday they were talking about weld ing metal and fume fever, and so forth. Here is the question: Does an exhaust system from electrical welding affect the type of weld? As 1 view this question, it means this: When you weld with an electric welding process using a coated electrode, the flux ing of the coating produces an umbrella or rertr over the veM arc itscit and thereby excludes the air front the arc and prevents oxidation of the steel which is being cast into the hole being tilled up. and prevents, oxidation of any of the materia! or metal that is in the fused state. Now the question is. if you stick a heavy exhaust there and pull away that vapor which provides the protection, do you ruin your weld? Is the control for health at the expense of the weld, or would it be better to forget that and limit the time of the welding? Docs anybody here want to answer, that? MR. BOXSIB: I think that if you have general ventilation there would be very little danger of destroying that umbrella that Mr. Johnson lias mentioned. Of course, it is advisable to remove those fumes as near the source of origin as pos sible. You have to get within eight inches, and not utorc than that, to really get cicnt results, and being that close you do not require more than 100 or 200 lineal toot per million. I do not think there is enough cooling "action to do damage. As a matter of fact- some tests we were interested in making seemed to indicate that there v.as no dain* age done. However, you come where tn< damage would be done if you exceed tb3 but I do not think you need to exceed U or 200 lineal iect per million, if you ha' ample ventilation, then >'ou danger,., in -my opinion*'' i&X JENSON: That see^. goal cokcIusio.oji:JX is certaioj*^ iased upon observation of t. ?? o o o::: ,, 50rt of problem. T; -Is there enough nre brick to affect In other words, i its refractory prope and its plasticity or. descending order oi the fire brick on through plastic chir on the other? Mr. Hazard, the to talk about the an nre clay, and for w tion let us leave o which is a brick t:. know to be pretty silica. MR. HAZARD: a medical question, fire bricks which at and certain others \ none or a negligible have a range there called a dangerous c where you are prac exists. It seems to me : brick with very lug the chipping and k layer against the b considerable dust a: hazard, but I would cal side on that que? CHAIRMAN JC oi the doctors discu of the fire days handled in the mat DR. GREENBU the Chairman oug'r percentage of free s He has talked aro he has not told us problem. f CHAIRMAN JC eni seems to me motion that maybe tm'.ved that other t produce an allcvia effect to preve oni causing silicon T^Clav$ <j0 nQt ?cc Y.ls t5je dry-pan < ',,TS that produc I dus* some of w remembt a* the amount o: r&r. 146 J\>7h Wi'U'uai 6.-.7V L (Mijirss CAY.'.V MR. COOK: The literature dees con tain some information concerning the de velopment of irritative actions, and we arc wondering in Connecticut whether the concentrations which were listed in the literature and the irritative action was as sociated with a tolerable amount of irrita tion. or whether it was in the higher de grees of irritation. We ran some analyses on some formal dehyde gas in an operation where formal dehyde was being used in the manufacture of synthetic resin. The method we nsed was the bubbling of the air of the plant through water, with two bubbling? in a series, and tested with Shift's reagent, the regular method for the determination c-f formaldehyde; and we got resuits that were in the area of the breathing 2one of less than 20 parts per million, which is usually suggested as a satisfactory con centration. At one point we ran it up to 90 or 100 parts per million, and at that point I found t could keep my nose there for thirty sec onds before I decided to back away front it. Rut I do agree with Dr. Cranch and Dr. Meitcr that where the irritation dees get excessive, then the irritative gas car. be taken as the determining factor even though with most of the materials the irritation is not the safe way to determine whether a gas condition is or is not sat?. CHAIRMAN' JOHNSON: Here is another question: "Is sulphur dioxide gas in concentra tion.' as low as 10 parts per million for pro longed exposure considered hazardous to the health?" Going to the medical side, will either Dr. Grecnburg or Dr Cranch tell us if sulphur dioxide :n such low concentration represents a hazard for continuous expo,-ure ? DR. GREENBURG: I cannot say ri band. It is iust about on the borderline. I think. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now. if an employee upon examination shows a very slight increase of lead content above nor ma! after sixteen years o: exposure, would you change his occupation? I do not know what a "very slight" amount of lead is. I think presumably this means a few stipple cells, or s-pme- thing like that. If an employee upon ex. animation shows a very slight incres<* of lead content above normal aiter sixteen years' exposure, would you change in occupation: DR. GREENEL'RG: I would want to know where he showed it, and how. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: If I maj. answer the question, it seems logical that it there is lead showing up, it came from somewhere, and having explored that yog can determine the engineering phase oi the control, and perhaps he can stay oa the job alter you have controlled the lead fumes. Mr. Cook, won't you answer the following question? "What instruments are there on the market which are reasonable in cost for small shops to purchase which can be used to check atmospheres in metal spray work for 2inc, iron and other harm- f ful fumes? Must several instruments be nsed where many types of metals arc sprayed during a working day?" Metal Spraying Equipment MR. COOK: On metal spraying, there are several angles. No. I, a booth, a ven tilated booth should be used where pos sible. Secondly, the man should in most cases be given a positive pressure if supply. Now, assuming that the particular operation is one in which the man may b< spraying brass, there are various method using the ventilated booth. Let us assume for the moment that he is provided ":ta no respiratory protection. If a mar. spraying zinc and the booth is provide? adequate exhaust so there is not much ej a cloud of zinc and he docs not get me* fume fever, it is probable that it is t|0,> necessary to make any determination [y zinc. If during the course of the day i-? man is spraying some lead and some mium. I would feel very definitely *.' it would lie well to run an electrical P-*` cipitator sample. analyze the sampleobtain The electric precipitation for and also for cadmium which would routine chemical procedure, and the C'-y centmtion of both of those should be >*' below the suggested toxic limit in ori{ to assure that von are on the sate side- I would feci that it would not be sary to analyze for zinc under those ccr or ior other of the metaU .-;ire is some additional one that -cutariy toxic. But particularly ox do have lead or cadmium. :h6inauon sliould be made for tho nased upon those determinations j -ei an idea on the basis of the /.-.ration of spraying of those pa :i:et3l$ what the exposure is. DR. MEITER: I agree with .Mr jr.il I believe the solution of this y hrst. the use of a properly ve. booth so as to eliminate the exnc ::> other workmen in the vicinity The second item is the use of a ; ressure airline respirator to pro' aerator. I think that conducting king operations all over the s; without adequate equipment, es where such metals as lead are snra going to produce occupational d6 believe the proper thing to do is right with the proper type of eq. ay providing the booth and protec ;an. and you will then not u -ampling devices. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: T specific answer to the question '<W*^ Occupational Disease Control U7 oyee upon iliglu incr'ea< Jl aItcr six<<tn -u changc hi> would want \b and how. N; It I T3v ms logical that it came from p'tored that you .sring phase of he can stay on .trolled the lead -wer the follow-, userumeuts ate .-. are reasonable purchase whkn -spheres in metal and other harminstruments be of metals are ; day?" Equipment ai spraying, there 1. a booth, a veilused where pos.1 should in most tivc pressure air ; jjiions. or icr other of the metals unless ,fcre is some additional one chat is par ticularly toxic. But particularly where lC,u do have lead or cadmium, the deter mination shouid be made for those, and biifd upon those determinations you can jtt an idea on the basis of the relative (juration of spraying of those particular ratals what the exposure is. DR. MEITER: I agree with Mr. Cook. }nd I believe the solution of this problem i rirst. the use of a properly ventilated booth so as to eliminate, the exposure to the other workmen in the vicinity. The second item is the use of a positive pressure airline respirator to protect the operator. 1 think that conducting metaiizing operations all over the shop and without adequate equipment, especially where sue:: metals as lead are sprayed, are going to produce occupational diseases. 1 believe the proper thing to do is to start right with the proper type of equipment, by providirvg the booth and protecting the man. ar.d you will then r.ot need the sampling devices. CHAIRMAN* JOHNSON*: Then the specific ;::-".ver to the question seems to be the lead precipitator as the one gadget that will be most useful, and the sample should be analyzed quantitatively in the chemical laboratory. I want to ask the doctor a question in connection with pre-employment medical examinations. The exposure is something that may cause dermatitis. L take it from the question that the problem of allergy arises. Do you recommend patch tests in conjunction with pre-emplovmeut exami nations to determine an employee's pos sible allergy to the exposure? DR. CRAN'CH: In general. I would say yon would hardly be warranted in con ducting patch tests oft all applicants for employment. Where we have a known material to which the employee is being exposed that very commonly produces an allergy reaction, it might be advisable to use such a niter. Patch tests are not 100 per cent infallible, and they are not alto gether simple. They have to be very care fully given and very carefully interpreted. For that reason, they are not an integral part of an average preliminary agreement upon examination. They might be quite misleading. ADJOURXMEXT the particular the man may b< various methods -.. Let us assiuiif : provided with If a man i.:cth is providing is not much c-t ccs not get metal .Ic that it is not determination for -?c of the day th* ad and some cad-y definitely the' an electrical prr: the sample, a:'.' miration for kv - t-.ich would he ' :rc. and the cot:- *e should be kefv:c limit in ori`r u the safe Mde. '.lid not be neers- under those con- i j i. !t ! . i. : ircss .e facilities were built ju,D the original aircraft---are n the technique or internal'. r flying. They are basic to-- : l/l.S/'I.OOO over-water pa5,t< ' s, without a fatal accident" American Society of Safety Engineers -- Engineering Section ifety record of transoceanic t< linenta! air transport did not ~t : is the result of deliberate ejC Officers 1938-1939 General Chairmen--R. E. Donovan. Standard Oil Co. ot California. San Francisco, Calif. taking care. of endless restart . Air travel, as we know it tc^. a concept of this generation r . to make its way, from tiie su petition with the matured i&r- ^^Chaiman--F. W. Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. Yte-Chairmen--H. J. Griffith, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. i'Stsrftory--IV. Dean Keefer, National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, III. Umbers at Large-- Georce J. Adams, International Paper Co., Glens Falls, X*. Y. ';Xc Ctwl Ainsworth. American Standards Association, X'ew York, N. Y. of the older forms of transport.. to struggle with the principle** -d danger inherent in any t)yc*: 1. Baxash. Consulting Engineer. Chicago. 111. E. SV. Beck, United States Rubber Co., New York, X*. Y. ecd travel--and we have thr%- -Xs. R. A. Sever, Central Tube Co., Ambridge. '>: Chapter) Pa. (Western Pennsylvania Safety Council .r known to man. But, becar*? very reasons, more effort has >rs uously and forcefully extrtei f . vr^'C B. .%'cXE. W. Boulet, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. Bullard, E. D. Bullard Co.. San Francisco. Calif. (San Francisco Chapter) ;i:e standard of airline safetr ?r .avi.'hcd in any similar period oft- ' Gurus D. Farli.v, .y.K-;-. itan Chapter) Consolidated Edison Co. of X*. Y,, X'ew York, X7. Y. (Mctropol- ::icm on any other means of rt* Hoy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter) .4 McA. Keown, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis. is extraordinary effort has net ti* y-yjX^^RETT F. King, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge, Mass. (Boston Chapter) : from within the industry itself. ' -v-i-'y.tloEEST C. Ledbetter, Texas Employers Insurance Association, Dallas, Texas. (South.*;, `' west Chapter) .:ramg results are. in a real twit*1 -.v the tireless cooperation whir* Tkouas E. Ligktfoot, The Koppcrs Coal Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. rausport industry has receh'ed -'T . a 1-i.ovo, Xational Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. ie y agencies such as the X'atn'W y Committee for Aeronauiic*- / f XV /; Bonc, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, H. L. Miner, , [. du Pont do Nemours & C.o.. Wilmington. Del. X. Y. . *J- (11'sir.N, Jersey Central Power S; Light Co.. A-i,urv Park. X. 1. :Xew lersvv rmnent's great research .- Chapter} tl:e Civil Aeronautics v diligent effort? to effort *"*1 S. Paine, Aetna Casualty X: Surety Co.. Hartford. Conn. safety <tand out as a their lirst full year i'> -v . , './ij. " ilr.c);t,.\i Industrial V ^`v,'wF.T)r::t. Duluth. Relations Counselors. Inc., X'ew York, XT. Y. Missabc Sr Iron Range Railway Co.. Duluth, M:::::. . ail having to do with av:3`s"_> .j rv<i in tiie early recognition. f`> ^ ' p' ^0Yw> Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corp., X'ew York, X*. Y. t f. 5'NFr,Rt,i General Electric Co., Schencciadv. X'. Y. 1 port industry, of its :'.r'i (tic public in the inatier w .withitK-d element? all w-- eve: today in their '.ppe'r: orfers me I'r` that .1viseio;: can e'1;'' :!. -Mese for::: oi '* '* n. c,A'v- Hercules Powder Co.. Wilmington. Del. ^-with, Standard Oil Co ri.>.n 111. Xvw York. X. Y. h. v.jT,{t, v, .....' J-"?rty .Mutual Insurance Co.. Boston. Mass. F-- 1. du Pom tfv X\-mour S: Co., Buffalo, X. Y. (Xiacara Frontier ^ V V ^ 'VT- -'Live Safety Appliances Co,. Piu-hurc" Pa r>. r: ; K Officers 1939-1940 239 oco J40 -V/: .V..v;o;w/ Surety Cnitarcsu eLSS. ! V.v-L7;,::>jjkn:--Wi:.:.> M.wi Afi x. Hydro Electric Power Commission. Toronto, fi., Canada. Seeretury--W. Dean Kllfel. Xu: :;r.rd Safety Council, i::c.. Chicago. 111. Members a! Lerne-- George 1. Adam?, Internation: d Paper Co.. Glens Fall.-. X. Y. CvKtr. Ainsworth. Atr.encan prandards Association. Xew York. X. Y. "J. I. Banash. Con^uiti::? Eng rrer. Chicago. III. 'E. \\'. Bf.ck, United 5tatc> R: ::ber Co.. Xew York. X*. Y. H. T<. Bixler. Union Carbide Cm. Xew York, X. Y. "C. B. Rollet. Wisconsin Pub :: Service Corp.. Milwaukee. Wis. E. W. Bullard. E. V. Bulla r: Co.. San Francisco, Calif. (San Francisco Chanter.) George M. Burn?. Kansas C i:y Safety Council. Kansas City. Mo. (Kansas City Chap. ter.) Frank l. C'>xr<>y. Union C:-.Aide Co.. Xiagara Falls. X. Y. (Xiagara Frontier Chap. ter.) Th->>. R. Fionoghck. F'ittsi/'.:r.'ii Plate Glass Co.. Creighton. Pa. (Western Penn\|. vania Safety Council Chat-: -r.) *R. E. Donovan. Standard 0:1 Co. of California. San Francisco. Calif. L A. Downey. Tk,, Sio-- U.emeld Steel & Iron Co.. Birmingham. Ala. (Alabama Chapter.) Ctt.sR5.Ef D. I-'AWAN. C\>nff-i-. iateil Edison Co. of X. Y.. Xew York, X. Y. !Metrotn!i. tan Chapter.) H. F. Gilbert. American C>anamid Co.. Linden. X. I. (Xew Jersey Chapter.) Roy M. Godwin. Pkiladelph ia Electric Co., Philadelphia. Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter.) C. L. Hightower, United Ga s Pipe Line Co., Houston, Texas (Gulf Coast Chapter.) *R. McA. Keown. Industrial C nmiission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Eykrett F. Kinc. Lever Brc*.: :ers Co.. Cambridge, Mass. (Boston Chapter.) Thomas E. Lichttoot. The K .ppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. *M. G. Lloyd. Xational Burtau of Standards. Washington, lb C. J. E. Lonc. Tlic Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp.. Albany. X. Y. \V. S. Paine. Aetna Casualty .X Surety Co., Hartford. Conn. "A. S. Regi-la. Industrial KMa irons Counselors, Inc.. Xew York. X. Y. A. V. Rohwedkk. Dulutii. y: *abe & Iron Range Railway Co.. Duluth. Minn. *f). L. Royer. Ocean Accident .v Guarantee Corp.. .Xew York, X. Y. *(?. E. Sanvord. General Eic-.' ric Co.. Schenectady. X. Y. J. S. Shaw, Hercules Powdt- Co.. Wilmington, Del. *C. W. Smith. Standard Oil C- . (Ind.). Chicago, 111. *H. S. Smith. Union Carbide :... Xew York. X. V. *R. F. Tk.ai.xek. Buick Motcr Co., Flint. Mich. C. W. Van Wagonf.k. IrJ -.-rs & General Insurance C'i>.. Dallas. Texas (Southwest Chapter.) "S. E. Whiting, Liberty Muv.f: Insurance Co.. Boston. Mass, William P. Yaxt. Mine ?:>' y Appliances Co.. Pittsburgh, f'a. *Past General Chairman WEDNESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October 18. 1939 The Annual Meeting of At A.S.S.E.* Engineering Section of v.t Xational Safety Council followed a !'--;heon held in the Renaissance Room of Ambassa dor Hotel. General Chairman R. E- Doi* van. Chief Safety Engineer. Standard^5, Company of California. Sat: Frat>aif^ Calif., presided. Mimeogranbed cop*5 1 oonmiittce reports were distri U- assembled delegates. fpe report oi the Nominating > .te was presented by C. B. Bou.'e ...3n. Other members of the No: Vnimittee were D. L. Royer. A ba. 5- E. Whiting, and C. W, < V. of names of the men elected tc Detection of F ` Secretary. Magr. I Grom the standpoint of safety <. { r.cem is proving that important i -:ce from physical detects or fiav. j v.sc that might cause failure, l 'u any discussion of flaws or tlw ; ;>n. consideration must be give: ...r.iiidons surrounding the part urn w., whether it is a newly made pa: " service. In new parts defects may exb r.rial itseli in die iorm of lap-' !urinations or slag. On the otr rxial iree irom such imperfections riy be ruined by improper forging, a-.;, grinding, heat treating and c v.Mc manufacturing operations. These defects may readily be c -. the mill or plant and it is, there; Jo prevent such parts from get-' service. Used parts present a different a? r-pe of defect usually suspected b rition of the surface, or one extend '-t surface well down in the bod commonly termed a crack. Iliis crack may be of such an `iture as to defy detection by e; r,:)Jn$ of a high powered glass c the ordinary methods of inspect: ')a most dangerous type of defer >ueh a part is permitted to : r'!^e, failure is likely to result. ^ Cracks in used parts arc usually : - ^ taulty design or poor workmans' more hkelv the result of cncc '-r-ticipated stresses. Avn fact.that any sepa body js^brrsidered Regardless of depth, it t: int of erre^ss stress or 2.:S 2->C; Witio;:a! Safsiy Conan's* Members at Laras-- Th. Aynsol, Lone c-'.ar Cc:::er.t Corp.. New York, N. Y. *\Y. H. Bakek, .1. E. Baker C-- York. Pa. E. D. Barky. Universal A:'.as Cement Co.. New York. X. \ . .J. K. Boyd. National Crushed Stone Assn.. Inc.. Wa-iiiutrton. ! V. K. B. Fortvin. Pennsylvntu.i-i *ixie Cement 0<r;;.. Nazareth. Wi.exandeu Foster ,1k.. Warner Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. ' F. B. Hunt, Dewey Portia::! Cement Co., Davenport. Iowa S. \Y. Stacffer. National Lime As;:'... Washington. 1>. C. *F. E. Tow.v, Medusa Portland Cement Co., Manitowoc. Wi>, "A. L. Wokthkn, The New Haven Trap Rock Co.. New Hawn. C<.nn. 'Past General Chairman TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION j .. .- -vM . #j. P'C! Breve'. ina<h ' .nr:! tlmt s -ilvcn : t v.:Al-lc tea' ...v'k lift.- >< , which 1 practices ; (in tlie . /V.isml to 4..r:ty ot iniu October 17. 1939 The opening session of t::c Cement and Ouarry Section was called n- r-ier by P. N. Buslincl), Missouri Portland Cement Com pany, St. Louis, Mo., and Vice-Chairman ot the Section, who prosukd. Mr. Busimcli made a brief report upon aruvjjics of tfc Section during tlie year, and then proc<J4 with the election of officers, a ii-t ot w'u* is given above. The Chairman then irax ihsced the first speaker. Vuu will rc<. r:crfS< the : injury sevc k the mo> .ot safety p: A-wry was -ocrity ot in incite Ot ' vr more tl Analysis of Cement and Quarry Accident Experience By I. F. LE GORE <4.*irtd safer ir.ts per nu t o [<r cent. -* -~.es lus i. Safety Engineer, Portland Cement Association. Chicago There seems to he no question that 1939 will he the safest year in cement industry history. And there is reason to believe that tire new low accident frequency rate will keep Cement in the position has held for the past two years as the second safest among 30 industries report:::.: to the Na tional Safety Council. Tlie cement industry on the pres- -lire" during tlie hrst half itli gratifying results, and saw the aceiimi trejid con tinue the downward course ' itich lias been uninterrupted since late in N36. The acci dent frequency rate, or sc-.re. for the tirst half of 1939 was 4.00 per mi'iion man hours; the severity rate was at unprecedented low level of 1.42. This fre r.tency rate was 13 per cent lower than the rate of 4.61 for the year 1938; the sever.:;-' rate was 42 per cent lower than last rate of 2.44. At the end of tlie third Quarter the in dustry had slipped a hit. A new high for tlie year of 18 accidents v.r.s reported dur ing August, and 19 iujurie- ere reported in September. With operations eoTuinuiu: about IS.!* cent above last year, the a-, stage of a dents reported for i mouth* had advaaA ;o 14, exactly the .-ante as t:.r average t* tlie tirst 8 month;- la>t year. This 130 plant.-, however, compared "hi* plants previously. Greater mill activity appears not to hf* been responsible for the ri-u'.g tide ou the past two months, for August aettp' was only 3.5 per cent above production >^ the Campaign month of lime, accorunt?^ data from the V. 5. Bureau of ,L \ct there were SO per cent more aClJ in August and September Han thert in lime. "Pressure" Was Appli*^ Most of you are familiar -it the nine No-Accident Campaign spomot ^ tlie Pctffland Cement Association, contril|BRWiet#tuch t.o oar industry - ^ [?P|)1059 astfre respom' bJe "ire study Cent of i art produce clause i-'cly. fata *irent par '"-re injur ' years i in ci *,r-M threi ''^anently unusual rr.x of SU(. '``'stable t jtrse pr "'Y are: nu ^oad. L vonsil>lc V- j'crma. f-'5 contr I^ricite , * cent. Co. of j Chemical Section Officers 1938-1939 QiMTdl Chairman--Ralph L. Rogers, Jr., Tennessee Eastman Corp.. Kingsport. Term. I'iic-Cltainnan in Charge of Program--Ralph 0. Keefer, Aluminum Co. of America. Pittsburgh. Pa. Secretary--F. \V. Dennis. Hooker Electrochemical Co., Niagara Falls, X. V. Seas Letter Editor--R. S. Mackif,, General Electric Co.. Xela Park. Cleveland. Ohio. Ikta Sheet Committee Chairman--S. Warzala, The Calco Chemical Co.. Inc., Bound Brook, X. J. Engineering Committee Chairntan--D. S. McEacherx, American Cyanatnid Co.. New York, X. \. Health Committee Chairman--*Dr. Leonard GREF.xnL'RC, New York State Dept, of Labor. New York. X. Y. Membership Committee Chairman--C. E. Seyrexs, Monsanto Chemical Co.. Mcrritnae Div.. Everett. Mass. roster Committee Chairman--H. R. Bixlek, Union Carbide Co., New York. X. Y. Publicity Committee Chairman--S. D. Kirkpatrick, Chemical & Metallurgical Engineer ing, New York, X. Y. Vt/Yiy Instruction Card Committee Chairman--E. F. Kin*:. I.ever Brother Cu., Cam bridge, Mas-. bMislics & Contest Ciimmittee Chairman--R. C. Stratton. 'Hie Travelers In-uranoe Co.. Hart lord. Corn. Vembers at Large-- *A. L. Ar;.:*trong. Eastman Kodak Co.. Rochester. X. Y. 0. C. Callexdau, Hiram Walker & Sons. Inc.. Peoria. III. Juiix Ci.lm.-.xts. Michigan Alkali Co., Wyandotte, Mich. Gf-.vF.v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.. Boston. Mass. W L. Hammersley. Electric Storage Battery Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. jj- h; Helsxf.r, The Flintkote Co.. Xcw York, X. Y. it ^- ''K' ^;c Westvaco Chlorine Products Corp., Carteret. X. ). H- L. Miner, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.. Wilmington. Del. ytiiv k.,v:ts. Deputy Commissioner of Labor. Jersey City. X. J. K.ior. Willard Storage Battery Co., Cleveland. Ohio. '' Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington. Del. ' *- ^ "x, Koppers United Co.. Pittsburg!:. Pa. r.r.t.F.R. American Cynnamid Co.. Linden. X. j. Mh:::-;.;, Lii.erty Mutual Insurance Co.. Bo-tun. Ms--, jms.i, | Xiacara Alkali Co.. Xiauara Fall-. N. V Chairaustt r-.i V Officers 1939-1940 '!>1--Ralph Cl Keefes. Aluminum Co. of .America. Pittsburci:. Pn. Char<:e : Pro,tram--Stanley Wakz.u.a. The CuTa Chemical Co.. Inc.. --J. Dixxt-. H..-ker Electrochemical Co.. X.a.ara 1' 'miltce--S. W. (ii-RNEV (Chairmans, I.ilTi;. Mmu &V'-v-y*"**- ./ i'-ey 2Slh Xiilioiutl Siifclv 'W. L. Xrr.isTRoxn, Eastman Kodak G.-.. Kuehoter. X. Y. R. >. Mackik, Gciicrai Electric Co.. Xela Park. Cleveland. Ohin - V. Y. Tu.no:, E. 1. da Pom dc Nemours & Co.. Inc.. Wiiminem;!. ; /.;:-;i'iiiYniw --D. S. McEaOIEKN' (Chiiirnum). AnUTican < Ya--: York. X. V. i\ U . Jl'KK'K. The WeMvaco Chlorine Product' <.'<>rp,, Carteret. X. ! 'S. K. WiriTtM:. Liberty Mutual hwurnmv Co., Boston. Mas., I >i)id Sued Committee--I'l p.\n:n \Vin:t:r.Mt (Chniruum). \mrric:m Ciana:-- - XIX.l. b. M. MacCi tchko.v, Tiic Dow Chemical Co., Midland. Mich. . s' Health Committee--Dk. Leonaku Gkeenbckc: (Chairmoni. New York St: > iVrj.Tti*. of Labor, Xew York, X. Y. S. Shaw, Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del. .1/embershii' Committee--C. E. Suvuens tO/mininm). Mun-antn Cbi-mic:;'. Div., Everett. Mass. \Y. L. Ham.ukksj.ky. Electric Storage Lottery Co., I*Iiila<Kl(>!ii;t. Pa. I'oster C,>mmittee--H. U. Pfxi.kk (Chairman). Cnion Carbide C".. Xev. hiux O.kmkxts. Michigan Alkali Co.. Wyandotte. .Mieli. rk. X. Y.;; riv.\t.i'H L. KouKks, jk.. Tennessee Eastman Corp., Kingsport. Ti-un. 1`uolit'ity C"inmitti'(--S. 1). KlRKPATKiCK (Chairman). Cliemica! X Metalii:- ..cd V.i.'tXsi. ing. Xew York, X. Y.- 'A. L. Watson, Koppers Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Ckakexo: Wu'lk, Niagara Alkali Co., Niagara Palls, X. Y. Instruction Card Committee--E. I7. Ki.w: (Chairman). [.ever Ur>v : Co., Cii bridge. Mass. " Iohn Roach, Deputy C'jmmDsioner of Labor. Jer*e> City, X. .1 K. E. Rom-. Willard Storage Battery Co.. Cleveland", Ohio , n* Statistics (mil Contest Committee--fc. C. Stkattos fC'/uur*n,i;i>. Tin- Tra-. ..'.:r, InsiiiW Cu.. Hartford, Conn. "H. L. Mjxkk. E. 1. dit Pont de X'emours X Co.. Inc., Wilmington. IVI ' Pat General Chairman TUESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October 17, 1939 Tlu* opening session of the Chemical Secid.n \\a> a lunclii-on feature, presided over by Genera! Chairman Ralph L. Rogers, .ir., Safetv Director of the Tennessee Eastman Corporation. Kina-port. Roger* hr icily introduced tlie occumoti. a Celebrated can tame. Chairtw -peakef er of & .... <.n of personal ill ' ' 1 :iV^K-strc*ivt 'Juuku' .- effective exec - or nfl1 ti,c rro^'t'A *' 7,'innate mechanical * "v'r" t; protective chuipmcm " ;f*efficient operating " supervising empb know how. and <lo " not tout profiting by. '^`LjV-ions learned from sac. ,,;v:uc.ce. n.r.-icttciivc thinking then. m: erperience. knowledge of i. incitide. tor muramed ut. in the true sense of the wo n/l* railed a safety expert. ...jr ot `He which, since 1 w Al has been endangered by m: o/ariis. 1 have learned the vak n-anivc thinking." Risk camu r, art African wilderness wh; t.isuf accident may result in dr: yxticcs. owing to the difficulty i: >dp. It was in 1800 that my one brJrd on the shores of the At: *ut. For month upon month Lilkd unknown and storm r: T.'urc/ore. in spite of the dcsok -w rocky coast presented, to t i-c Cape of Good Hope. TV -Aiers of His Majesty's Arr -rough the Matebele, Zulu, and i.aausc of their pioneering on when the conflicts \u trim determination carried tl: the hinterland. X'ot only '--rr.amtv, but because of the i :wts that would shadow their wuirf not afford to lose one man. icre great, making them constru Safety to Life in Africa By M. NORM Am POWELL Kenya Colony, British East Africa <tfi<orujf S ole: Mr. Powell was born in Africa, from early boyhood has lived in the bean of tiie big game country. The natives were his playmates and his friends. He has learned their folklore, customs, and beliefs. He was initiated a- a warrior into ihe Suk Tribe and has made manv exten sive trips into the more pro: Africa. He will tell of the j.: ods and safeguards adopted the white people, hut also ' and animals to safeguard li: injury to themselves and oti lowing is a Munmarv of his ta :vc pa^i,' -ctive ry-b.ot only1-' the nati'* and pr** 'Hie ) After the World War, my fa: British East Africa, where '-wow and think with and like :,:i'ple. . -dy whole life, especially on h; ;is depended on effective cxec ' 'pjt with a buffalo or clepha: 'W get the chance to lear; wr*i evicosTand metiiods ; ggpan tr'dkl^Vitre;'.ilmost ci trom-fnad t\mi -coMly ii -.b-fo? \` WHITING: Will atlv. some practical way oig^.. ng of the union? I kite* <ey have backed the safe*-.particular trades--and sir- Construction Section : It is written into some-; ; between the union and ti* :'cty is featured there. T:.< :;rsg it in. '.'ER: Do they appoint j from their group: .V: Safety is handled jik her phases or conditions eral contracts (I review*: year that are published h. ::t of Labor in Washingtonriablv one of the importer in them. .X WHITING: Is it car :: more than a name: 'A'; It is like everything ti-f v. It is taking root. '.PER: Would you personal: Mr. Shaw, that a urhnr. : .tn in its group perhaps t<' neement on the cnonei' -crive him one respor.:)W-" W: Not any mote .im sit in with ntar.ace::''" r phases of manacr~f:'! ;;:c:y out by itself. hr: >:::z conditions so and safe. 'e rates of pay r .-n:. Some o: the 2-. -.crccmcnt-- -t'. - - _ _ .me arc slutted: '"''J ... net v ni't'car? \N WHITIN''' _ . . otic v eotmv.'.V.C': V -. Vo. thee -w" _ :c:sd!y hasii = Officers 1938-1939 Cciicrc! Chnirmoii--W. A. Sx*>\v, A>s eiatccl General Contractors of America. Inc.. Wash ington, D. C yi,-c-Choinr.cn for He,ivy Construed,J. RtmLi.iTH, C. W. Blakcslcc & Sons, New ' Haven, Conn. 'Tire-C/iefriuaJi for ffiy/iteuv Cou.'frm':; m--S. E. Andersox. Harrison Construction Lo,, Pittsburgh. Pa. ytie~Chairrr.cn for L\ S. Etu/iueer C'erjrtment--Major H. B. Valt.Hax. Jk.. Corps of Engineers. War Dept.. Washington, D. C. Ytir-Chairmcit for Building Coustrnc:i:n--C. H. Black, Stone & Webster Engineering / Corp., Boston, Mass. Secretary--Robert McKim.ev. Genera; .Occident Fire & Lite Assurance Corp., Detroit, ; Mich. .Sms Letter Editor--*Eix;.\k N. Gou^.tnk, 2.i2-30th Ave., San Francisco, Calif. . Ea^inccrir.c Committee Clmirnnin--A. Burbank, The Travelers Insurance Co.. Uattford. Conn. 'Xenbersh:? Committee Choirme.r.--F. J ..'randei.l. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.. Boston. - : .Mass. togTMi C. e.unittce Cl.oirmon--'j-uix KussiiLt., Public Service Electric & Gas Co.. Newark, X. I. \S3tulics Committee Choinmui--Thomas ni'u:, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San Fran' :.tpvo, Cant. . ` Mol Edne.::; >;! C-'inmiu.e Ciuiiniui;; -- f I I*asliingtr.r.. D. C. | Gtr.trz'. Chairnari J' M. Lacoukdau:. Civilian Conservation Corfu. i %. Office t j- Choir-.:,.m-- ~ f C!hiir:r *. Va " ' R. J. Ki.se.:. //,lilt';. S.L'TJI. e.`. .Vriiet:.,. 1 :> Choir,......... * Aa.(.uru. : . . ff4 u;: .:y l Blake-lee .x Sons. New Hawn, t'onn. A. Hazatp. Bethlehem Stw! -->. E. Ax!;< ix. Harri-ei Voii-tnnV'U i i . Miitjfii. ... r r. s. He " Clf-- . .:'K1 -'-i ` \,. V. .. w'a-hin v: /?.< udi: C,, a. 1 >. 'ment--M.\j- K. B. \'.\u--H\x. Jk.. Co;:--- Pi for, vJ'. A^ebrc- Whitman Go, Inc.. 1.- A. Sx,ov.y TV- *,eiatc.l G vti ( uiHiTu-;- oi America. t:;c.. Wa-hm.: r -. c, - F.:, ,vk >: ' ,. ,| ; ie C Loin,: 2.52--.;0th .e.. ."an. rrar.ei-e... haul, F..' Ki,m. '.v Haven Ga- I.i-'ht G<.. r..: ** /* y. :r _- r, ,j j v i-.AC.v.-- A i I K. Ml! C.O >. `A.j ' * :: - 'U?U ` . ;- t \ v-ii . !.? ) i - :-a! '-'A 300 2Sth National Safety Congress Tv lowest 193S frequency h'isital Education Committee Chairman--S. M. L.M'DiiKDAt.t:, Civilian Conservation Q-C a?d harbor work, a- Washington, D. C. _ sr<J fl<rf --."rates were lowest to: Engineering Committee--C. H. Black (Chairman). Stone &. Webster Hngpineeeerriinnge c&.S? e averaging 2.: Boston, Mass. * *ere highest m lock James A. Burbank, The Travelers Insurance Co.. Hartford, Conn. -r&k . wtioo and `n ftce frfc F. J. Crandell. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. ^ 0f structural stce requ Robert McKinley, General Accident Fire Si Lite Assurance Corp., Detroit, ' pi severity 30-09. Thomas Socle, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Calif. Past General Chairman ........ ' y . a jerics of H" serious ^^tion Industry report percentages were <k Agencies of Inj TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION Erva'.ors and hoisting equip v \vLog surfaces (ladders, October 17, 1939 > a.)........................ r. Vctkles............................. The opening session of the Construction Section was called to order by R. J. Reigc- of tiic Section, .who presided. .- ]'rd tools....................... Sit otherwise specified Reigeluth welcomed the assembled deleptf; htth, Vice-President, C. W. Blakesice 5: and then introduced the speakers, as l - Type of Accic Sons, New Haven, Conn., Vice-Chairman lows: tilling, sliding, flying objee What Are Our Accident Statistics for 1938 ? By THOMAS SOULE Chief Engineer, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Cal. taejht in or between `'w*V*.V!i'll;i, --onea IleaveaIl to nainl other Vj\ ' 1'Jaiation, absorption, swa; (scute action) ................. -'Mi otherwise classified... These tr.cts ai:d figures appear of interest in examining the 193S accident rates in the Construction Industry as reported by mem bers of the National Safety Council: The Construction Industry Fre quency Rate is........................................24.93 The Construction Industry Severity Rate is .................................................... 3.24 These rates arc about twice the average for National Safety Council members in 30 major in '.a>tric' reporting their experience. Since i `20. the Construction Industry fre quency rare wa- reduced 75 per cent; the Construct! -:i Industry severity rate was re duced 71 per ecru: while the all industries frequency rale was reduced OS per cent, and lhe all in. kislnes severity rate was reduced 44 per cm.:. 'Hie re-ncetive reductions for the Con-truelion industry from 1937 to 193S were 31 per c-.nt and 6 per cent, as against 10 per cent r.uu 5 per cent for all industries. whereas severity rates rose 35 per cr'd Mechanical C small organizations. /': The average frequency rate for iarp' wiV panics was 17.96, while that for smaii was 49,SO, the small unit being densely havmg less than 100 employees. Tiie organizations iiad an average severity rat** Unsafe planning, working '.cor housekeeping, etc.. "grocer guarding.......... 'vietive agencies............. ->use of protective vc v-mechanical cause ... 12.31 as against 2.64 for the large eoir.n;-^ Tiie best all time no injury rccor.:? Personal C the Honor Roll for 193S in the Safety Council Publication "Accident "y* '"draper attitudes ........ in the Construction Industry 193S" the names of the construction depart'"'^ an oil company, several industrial D-y'*.' public utility, as well as several didr^-,. the U. S. Engineer Department enga-1*^ river and harbor work and the Vaiicy Autiiority. Construction for :hc most part, are conspicuous '} absence. The honored organization about one-third of the man hours and very materially lowered the rate figures developed for the cntire, * | Principal Engineer, \ * J 7^-e largest and most j `Le construction iudu building of modern ^struction ot tunnels Credit for improvement in the Construc tion Industry's 'r'3S accident experience is due lamely to the favorable experience in large orcr.nizatir-ns. They reduced both fre quency I severity rates substantially, In one classification, as an tllustfiUH-j cmstruction dep^tms,` in((iisthala^f;fflizaUQ:1.^jjg iStit'^vcr^sfC.^gjdent frcqueI19^ffi ofTOVo up. operation ot mine5^ "work of dredging :tT5- Some ofihet.. r ocoy-M yjtrftory--L. J. Col'CHI.a.v, American Export Lines, Xew York. X. Y. C-minirirc Chairman--C.vki. E. Hor..\n:s. Mars'; & McLennan, Xew York. .-.tofdoriiui Cmnnittac 'Chairman--Twin \Y. McGrath, Jokr. \Y. McGrath Corp., Xew V;^crk, X. Y. Cowniia,',' Chairman--E.':xj.\mis H. Ski.f, Traveler: Insurance Co., Xew York. . -vi'nrrrtu;-; CommilU'C Chairman--\Y. P. Biros, U. S. Xavv Dept., Washington. D. C. ^nbrrs at Larrjc- ' 'isengcr & (_ -ir*/,: Linas--X. T. L.wvkf.ncf. (CSnhnium), Lk.ited States Line- Co.. Xew W-.X.Y. niiTKT C. Let:, Moore X McCormack Lines. Inc.. Xew York. X. Y. y T1<'cy- Cr.iteri States Lines Co.. Xew York, X". Y. V'.X You--'.:;. I.\kes Eros. Steamship Co.. Xr-w Orleans. V^V)n- Si'.ippiv." Co.. Xew Orleans. La. Hri- ':, American Export Lines. Xew York. X. Y. k Hov>>-<I'i.Cirrtcc Line. Inc., Xew York. X. Y. *'t<"flluok Diamom; Steamship Co.. \\ hawk sso ooo*! ::s '.e< 340 28th National Safety Congress Tanker Companies--J. G. Johnson (Chairman), Sinclair Navigation Co \ N.Y. ew Henrv T. Heisorx, Standard Oil Co. of N. J., Marine Dept., New York, X Y R. K. Kelly, Tide Water Associated Oil Co, New York, N. Y. ' A. M. McKean. Pan-American Petroleum S: Transport Co., New York, X Y Henry Gilbert. Oil Transfer Corp., New York, N. Y. "Marine Safety" "Y't '^an Francisco, Ca c P- ?'<*? 'iSrtnan, Atlantic Dtst^Cf.Cliairniau, Atlantic [tjirnnui, Pacific Distr Frank C. Laurie, Lago Petroleum Corp., Maracaibo, Venezuela. J. A. Rumsey. Standard Oil Co. of Calif., Richmond, Calif. A. O. Woll, General Petroleum Corp. of Calif., Terminal Island, Calif. <3n Pedro, Calif. -.'*Y yfr-Chairinim, Pacific 1 'njirman, Gulf District- Educational (Marine)--J. M. Tomb, New York State Merchant Marine Academy y^t-Chairman, Gulf Dis York, N. Y. fairman, Great Lakes . H. L. Seward. Yale University, New Haven, Conn. . vSk Ohio. Stevedores--John W. McGrath (Chairman), John W. McGrath Corp., New York, X y- - Vice-Chairman, Great L. William H. C:_u<k, John T. Clark & Son, New York, N. Y. The Jarka Cor?., New Y'ork, X*. Y. V land, Ohio. "fi. ; (ktirtnan, River Distri, Shiphuildint/ and Ship Repair Companies--H. C. Houghton (Chairman), Bethlehem Sin-*1 "fufChairman, River / building Co., Bethlehem, Pa. J. H. Love, Federal Shipbuilding S: Dry Dock Co., Kearny, X. J. .)- : Pa. (hjirman, All Inland II J. M. Griskr. Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile. Ala. -iy: ' Dept., Washington, D. L. R. Sorenson, Newport News Shipbuilding & (Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Yi'. \fjirman, Shipbuilding Marine Insurance--A. J. Smith. Marine Office of America, New York, N. Y. '-'tif i^orp., Bethlehem, Pa. Railroads--Frank H. Cogan (Chairman), The Delaware. Lackawanna & Western K." [uifiium, Committee .> Co., Hoboken. N. J. ..v;, ress, New York, N. Y. C. F. Blackton. Eric Railroad Co., Jersey City, N. J. L. Rei.yea, New- York Central Lines, New York, N. Y. Aj: {'airman. Committee on ' elation of the Port of > Ship Classificati.n Society--J. L. Luckknbach, American Bureau of Shipping, New Y-nv fljirjmw, Committee o N. Y. , US.N. (Retired), Bur. Employers' else, eiations--F. C. Gregory, Waterfront Employers' Assn., San Frarow Calif. (/. S. Employees' Compensation Commission--E. I\. Merges, U. S. Employees' Compcr: tion ComtnissEn. Washington. D. C. A fLiViiuui, Committee </ Office of America, Nev Ar.nnan, Statistics Co> York, N. Y. ('. S. Etuiincer.---Major II. Ik Vaughan, Jil, Corps of Engineers. War Dept.. Wrr iiieton. [). C. I.etial--Carl F. '.`anoer Clutk. Admiraltv Attorney, NYw York. N. Y. Marine lidue I t'enn. j r!'V-C/ioi>Hi<//i, Marine I _AsJOciation of San Fra | -'urinan, Industrial l\, \ Francisco, Calif. Officers 1939-1940 { -'-iirmaji, Stcvedorini/ < | mission, Washington, f General Chairman -- Byron 0. Ph'Kakh, Waterfront Employers' Association 01 the E|1,' Coast. San Fra:, .-.-co, Calif. _ .^ . Id'd.torv Comm::' v--E. C. Holden, Jr., I'niicd Stales I'. N 1. Aeei.cv, Inc.. New N. Y.' E. W. Fiskk. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. v: Frank H. C \.v. The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R. (!>.. 1 [uhokeii. ' John S. Uunt.-.r. The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. M( Arthur M. T Consulting Marine Er.g., New York, X. Y. .. iGce-Gencral Ch ri-maii (Executive)--R. J. Baker, American -Merchant Marine b|:" Inc., New York. N. Y. _ i 1 >, I'ice-Gcncral Cimi'man (Membership)--T. E. Buchanan, The Texas Co.. New J first session of N. Y. ..I. -C. nd ` order by {''icc-Gcnerul Chair-nan (Coordination)--He.vkv J. Heickjk.v, Standard Oil Co., ot t \0, Pickard, Chit New York, N. Y. ______ . N^w-***?* ?mPloycrs I'icc-Ctcncral (7: :.'muu (I'roarams)--Cakl F.. TfoLMitSSJJjfcrsh .v MH-.vitTrar.h'1" j Coast, San 1; York. X. Y. ppV;*; ' sUn- 1 t2L"* a" length} Rice-General Cu.r.rmun (Coastal Re;/ions)-- Rear AdngpgligJ f. W.Ujggg&J ("oa<t Guard. V.E-hitiglnn, D. C. fe&XT" *' i f*'c Section <1 ' 1.nS the advances If'' 00022B 4 - l\ Ui Officers 1938-1939 rral Chairman--Mtu. E. Tkam.mvxi., Republic Steel Corp., Alabama City, Ala. rto-C*<n>mflu---H. 1. Griffith, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. $<<rttiry and Ncxes Letter Editor--Irvin A. Brinkman, Mackintosh-Hemphill Co., Pitts- " Wrh, Pa` faksl Committee Chairman--H. J. Sroerer, The Youngstown She;.-! S: Tube Co., East Chicago, Ind. 1' 'Hweemg Committee Chairman--R. H. Ferguson, Republic Steel Otrp., Cleveland, Ohio. r?ftfVy Committee Chairman--J. A. Coltrin, National Radiator Corp., Johnstown, Pa. I 'i<eihi:'C<3>umi!tee Chairman--Or. A. G. Kammkr, Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind. 'lUmbershif' Committee Chairman--H. H. Henry, Ous Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio. \ . inter Committee Chairman--Fred E. Wahr, Carncgie-Illinols Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Committee Chairman--John P. O'Rourk, Bethlehem Steel Co., Sparrows Point, :i Md. ''faitidty Committee Chairman--Earl Fyler, Camcgic-Illinois Steel Corp., Chicago, I!!. x&luay Car Builders Committee Chairman--P. J. Brand, Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. 'y'Cft, Pullman, Chicago. III. ^fUtutier Committee Chairman--X. 15. MacHosk, Bethlehem Steel Co.. Lackawanna, X. Y. irjtfrrbtrs at Large-- ^LXM. Allen, The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio. G. Bennett, The Buckeye Steel Castings Co., Columbus, Ohio. r.S.' -R. A. Beyer, Central Tube Co., Ambridge, Pa. A. BtANCHt, H. K. Robertson Co., Ambridge, Pa. P. Blank, Jones L: Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, l'a. A. Chaffin, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Iml. $ i{. Crochan, Iniaad Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind. \ . 1 Cuj.uxkv, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. | . Tl. \V. Darr, Bethlehem Steel Co.. Johnstown, Pa. | ' Jf- W. Dundokk, Betel: Iron Works, Beloit, Wis. I ^YE' Republic Steel Corp., Warren, Ohio. P. Eip., American Steel &: Wire Co., Chicago. 111. I ;. *r Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W. Va. I'-ApMcE T. Fonda, Weirton Steel Co.,AYeirton,'W. Va. |-'.y ~ y Gatherum, Great Lakes Steel Corp., Ecorse, Mich. c p REEXEi Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. 1. '-\u Hawkes. Macwhytc Co., Kenosha, Wis. I . !*. y ^f-nsei., The Yv.mgstown Sheet & Tube Co., Chicago, III. J ' ^0f>EE, Chase brass & Copper Co., Cleveland, Ohio, f :'t , Chase Brass & Copper Co., Watcrbury, Conn. $ ; Rcputlic Steel Corp., Chicago, III. y Leonard, Blaw-Knox Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. \ y a'i, I!F, Intorialie Iron Ore Corp., Chicago, III. *: . -JcMahon, Simr-rv.r Steel Coro., Carnegie, Pa.- ,,** AORTu-vr.o0( Beth Ahem Steel Co.. Sparrows Point, Md. . ' Carncgk-i-lir.ois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh. Pa. j' Revere Cooper & Brass, lnc.. Rome, X. Y. : > ; ^SLefneiC Steel Corp.. Kansas Citv, Mo. -^as-utR. Willing Steel Corp.. Wiveling, \V. Va. -107 a; ri 1,V-*.. ,'\ti <3 .Jf -JOS 2Sth National Saiclx Counrcss `Roukrt L. Schmitt, Louisville Car Wheel & Railway Supply Co., Louisvi||c H. S. Simpson, Caterpillar Tractor Co.. Peoria. 111. ' */. A. Voss. Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. 'Past General Chairman j .. R McM - f\ KOKTH""00' - V Oaktes- Lam \{l. Kkhxa^'e- |icO B. KiDtNGES. .tBEKT L. WtE. T-yMMFiX Officers 1939-1940 ,, \ Voss, tcepubl: . V,,oE.'v-'?B:Ca: l C-.a.rroar, General Chairman--H. J. Griffith, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-Chairman--Irvin A. Brinkman, ifackintosh-Hemphill Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Secretary and Xezes Letter Editor--H. J. Spoerer, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co jt-r Chicago, Ind. .. - - "........................... " T Contest Committee-->T. B. MacHose (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel Co.. Lackawanna, K't T. O. Armstrong, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg., Co., Springfield, Mass. y r. J. Conroy, Union Carbide Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. .dd Engineering Committee--R. A. Beyer (Chairmon), Central Tube Co., Ambridge, Pa. T B. T. Dye. Republic Steel Corp., Warren, Ohio \V. A. Jar\t. Chase Brass & Copper Co., Watcrbury, Conn. Vi$ > Ihc first session o Foundry Committee--J. H. Hoi.ZROG (Chairman), Chain Belt Co., Milwaukee, Wis. J H. S. Simpson, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, 111. y* Health Cojmm.'.W--Dr. A. G. Ka.mmer (Chairman), Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor, '-i rt ailed to order i f tifjl E. Trammell, be t jeNic Steel Corpora fyijlama, who preside Dr. J. H. Chivers, The Crane Co., Chicago, 111. Dr. T. Lyle Haelett, Wcstinghouse Electric & Mt'g. Co.. East Pittsburgh, Pa. Membership Committee--E. A. Elus (Chairman), Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W.V.; C. A. Biancki, H. H. Robertson Co., Ambridge, Pa. T. M. BnooKi, Miehle Printing Press & Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. -iif Coc Foster Committee--J. P. Gatherum (Chairman), Great Lakes Steel Corp., Ecorsc, MitC C. D. Dorv.'o.'th, Alan W'ood Steel Co., Conshohockeu. Pa. dp John P. Leonard, Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. * Frofr:m Committee--Earl Fyeer (Chairman), Carucgic-Rlinois Steel Corp., Chicago,. J. E. Cut.uNzv, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem. Pa. J. Hoove. Chase Brass S: Copper Co., Cleveland, Ohio. V. Mki>.\:.:t, Imerlake Iron Ore Corp., Chicago, III. Fnmi:ity --K. H. Henry (Chairman), Otis Steei Co., Clevclaiui, Ohio. :i. E. Greens, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton. Ohio. /. A. Coi.TRiN. Ti:c National Radiator Co., Johnstown, AW/r; :y Car Builders Committee--P. J. Brand (Clutirinn.:-,), ruiliuan-Siaudard Car ^ District Chiel Engineering : undan -,rcths o: -.atcri: Mccii that a - uiare t >:tain anaiy: : StCCl *1 of certain fixed ^teases, the ad ti '-tV decrease?. Co.. Pullman, Chicago, I!!. Sloti-tics Committee--Iohx P. O'Rouuk (Chairman), Bethlehem Point. Md. ' <1. S. Pmu.u-s. Revere Copper & Brass, Inc., Rome, N". Ah It. L. Rogers. Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Menders at Large-- *C. M. Ai.i.en. The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio. "F. C. Bennett. The Buckeye Steel Casting? Co., Columbus, Ohio. 4 F. F. Bi.ank. (-j-.mi & Lnuglilin Sicel Corp., Pittsburgh. Pa. It. A. Cuai'i-'!:.-. Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Iml. ,, II. \1. C'nonfiAN, Inland Steel Co., Last Chicago, fad. fH. '.V. Dark. Bethlehem Steel Go., Johnstown, Pa. M. W. 1 >rxi;nnr, Bcir.l: Iron Works. Beloit, Wis. {'. inm, American Steel & Wire C<>., Chicago. 111. K. If. Fergus-: n. Republic Steel Corp.. Cleveland. Ohio. ''George T. Fonda. Wcirtou Steel Co,, Wcirton, \V. Va. S. F.. 1 I.uvkes. Macv. h;. :c Co.. Renosha. Wis. *lf. G. 1 li;Nsi:r., The Young.siow n Shed & Tube 111. *ln A. Lauekma.v, Republic Sled Corp., Chicago, 111.^^,-F^ Sled t.o., Sl>arr' ' f'?i])cerir.g ::day, c L *ct scitr.;'c. Th< .-* i whauoev;r. Fav Avith disc:etiou t'VjMe. Vter strcr.g: i:j of proved and tl ,T-'L;r would -uppoi by. bitte r e.\p< enough. 'i'hmigl U.c \. M.. "'`til for n '.oigin ladvd. This iy'y engine,.- .uw, In' r:'*n of ar. i r/iividu fl,e basic ir-.ws of GomiiiL_,;) dew '.I'foftssiuu die oi 00Q221) Metals See!ion Louis'.;:'* ^ [ '.jburgh, F; rgh, Pa. -At & Tube ,, r. McMahon, Superior Sled Corp.. Carnegie, I'a. if"\ North-vood. Bethlehem Sled Co., sparrows Point, Md. V \ Oaktkt- Carnegie-1litnois Sled Corp., I'iiishuricli.- J )\ L RKnK.\>si!iK, Wheeling Steel Corp,, Wheeling, W. Ya. i.^coa L. RitJiNCF.R, Inland Sice! Co., Hast Chicago, Fuel. Rofekt L. Schmitt, Louisville Car Wheel & Railway Supply Co., Mix' E- Trammei-i., Republic Steel Corp,, Alabama City, Ala. "| \ Voss. Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. FfiED E. WakR. Carncgic-Illinois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 'Pait General Chairman . Lackawi T-a, X.' '.lass. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 Ambridee, iwaukec, Indiana Hi Tle first session of the Metals Section. ' .* called to order by General Chairman E. Trammell, Safety Supervisor, Re, *oiic Steel Corporation. Alabama City. 'c':|.j.yj:,4nia, who presided. Chairman Tram* meil made a report of Sectional activities during the past year, especially mentioning the work of the various committees, and then proceeded with the schedule of forma! papers, as follows; Pittsburgh. Wheeiip-\va4 Coordination of Engineering and Safety f - By J. M. HASSLER V District Chief Engineer, Republic Steel Corporation, Birmingham, Ala. .--queering fundamentally is based <v; of materials. Engineers have * square inch cross-section oi -.rf"l*n analysis steel will support a definite of certain fixed spans. As the span ''IC "l0:1^ that the member v.-:L niTrease'-. y -'-ccriug tysay, other than research., : - 5clcr`Ce. There is no guess-work ?.-'^s^fVcr- _ Pacts are knbwti and i: 1 will keep one out o: i-. ' Hrengms of materials were thov. r`'Vtti ai,d the exact load that a .u,` >ufpurl was known, it w;,- t'tttr experience that this vva Thntiyhiles^ ci'mius won', {"7c1'*d. M "vinj* ioads were 't:h ' jii-.r1 VMxneil dead load and :! --C^. \v;;< ,, ' hut bectm-e of though'. `_;:Vl,1ual that was mifamib;. ' oi cngm.vring. .. ,,',v,'l<'l>ed itie , .tgineof the w. famous "Factor of Five." This simp!;, means that if a load is 1,000 pounds, and for the span needed will require a 10 pound 'cctioit steel member, then it should be buii: five times as strong or as big. to take care of the tools tiiai will come along and plac. five limes the load limit on it. You have seen bridges that have sign* on them ``Safe Load Limit Five Tons." Stand by that same bridge for a while and watch. Soon a thoughtless, don't care, ignorant individual comes along with a load of probably 15 tons and runs over the bridge. As a rule he gets safely across. The "Factor of Five" has saved his hide. Basically engineering IS correlated with 'iiiely. The very foundation and breadth <i engineering slaves' i' based on sUety Kugineers guard against failure wish their knowledge--not i>\ guc -w ork. 1 hey knew, positively what loads will he supported. what wind loads til certain veil .cit ic-. what shock . ^ i::g or Kids .A!! do TI<-\ ` ae:,i- their <. mot ur 0002 .0 -. ir?-4 fm?- i* when ^ ;ild be thoroughly- *' wnlc.r. If a drinkir.^ ; 'c hold the. eye r.*v- Then use a 2 oniutn chloride as a r<: at half hour imp:-,;/, fotu' hours. :<>11 Id he immediate!.- :ii experienced phydei; vclopment of com*1:*? t lime has made it hand unloading of ti:.ver the amount of Id-* large enough quai;-;:-.. at containers he i;.=v: -`-49 450 CSlh Xalional Safety Coiif/rrss Pice-Chairman--*N, I*. Rhixkhart, West Virginia Stale Dent. of Mhv< n.., W. Va. ' Saft Secretary ami Xe-es Letter Editor--U.wiKr. Hakkixcton, U. S. Bureau oi M;,,0< * irgtoti, D. C. ' Engineering Committee Chairman--John' Trewkek, Homestake Mining Co.. Lead, S.'- Pres Health Committee Chairman--P. M. Arthur, American Zinc Company oi TenaA.1 Mascot, Tenn. irilj'i ^ Membership Committee Chairman--Heath Clark, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal rvrt *; ot en diana, Ta. veefl ;' Poster and Slide Committee Chairman--L J. Lokiies, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Piu$f^ 1 1 Statistics Committee Chairman--W. \V. Adams, U. S. Bureau ot Afines W; *&as involve D. C. Entertainment Committee Chairman--J. T. Ryan, Mine Safety Appliance; Pittsburgh, Pa. Members at Large-- Thomas Au.f.n', State inspector of Coal Mines, Denver, Colo. *J. W. Ai.t, Calumet & Hecia Consolidated Copper Co., Calumet, Mich. *0. J. Barrett, Oliver Iron Mining Co., Duluth, ifinn. Fkkd fi. BiiDAi.K, Consolidation Coal Co., Inc., Fairmont, W. Va. Corey*. tu acond pc 0- M wiU t S xr> from the `jtf m If -,.i amuse that :<r Imusf. _ fr< A*.cfive, it is d John* I- BoaromaN', Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mont. *L. C. CAMPBEi.r., The Koppors Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. m . t 1<j not want ;'.V ibis'group, *W. H. Couixs, National Lead Co., Potosi, Mo. M. L, CoLit.TKR. Clearficid Bituminous Coal Corp., Indiana. Pa. $ i whole, is i -:S\Sm 7s*hi aspects, C. M. Fei.i.man*, Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, \Vis. '-jinn spirit in t *C. W. CtHits, Harwich Cord & Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. iJl D-i-try as in an *R. D.-uvso.v Ham,, "Coal Age." McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., New York. \': V.' rcuair.lv no h H. T. Hakcer, Tennessee Copper Co., Coppcrhill, Tenn. *H. C. Hk.vrh-:. Phelps Dodge Corn., i'Pbcc, Ariz. C. Keck, Jamison Coal Jc Coke Co.. I.atrobe, Pa. 'Thomas K. l.minTonr, The Koppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. "Geo. M.wfjxsnx, Piekniid.- Mather Co., Cleveland, Ohio. C. E. McKmuht. Lake SW-rc Gold Mines, Ltd., Kirkland Lake, Out., Cana:": *Wtu.t.\M G. Mktzckk, Hmi-'n. Coal Co., Scranton, Pa. D. D. Moitat. Ctah Cnp|.r Co.. Salt Lake City, Utah. \ . 0. Murray, The Union Pacific Coal Co., Rock Springs, Wyoming, R. H. Si'-ie, Tiie New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin. N. J. T',,c Uiummon :n s blustry. b r-.r.c oi coal 1 Zl'.y.v; -.umber *r. :l;i< was -'ir-e. One of 'Se-iry i> to a Y| -d y-iTticnlarly r | ``Air, to the ta YI `-`tty ir, the hi; L. T. Sicka, St. Josciih Lead Co., Bonne Terre, Mo. O. V. SiMfsox, Isopjiers Coai Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. -. I `bRt most ' | -aR* that *Hou-\:,n [. \orxu, American Zinc Lead & Smelting Co., St. Louis. Mo. ' l'.o< <val t.'li.'irtn.in . 3 ' ailvcted not - * at i-.ul loss s | `'able wavs th | * "oft desirable - | 'Male it is tru I in bittimii MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION J lo dtei r ` c\s follows tha . I ^ >isutc. On tin October 16, 1939 'r ~S Produce n I .' ami t. The r.r.t sesdon of the Mining Section viewed some of (lie activities of d-t - was called to order by General Chairman atul its committees during d'c i_. C. Campbell, Assistant to the Vice- and then introduced the scheduled ^ not dittlcuh ;*'** only tin Principles an President. The S\uppers Coal Company. as listed in the program. 1 he .-j . --c irechauie; 1 'itt'burgh. Pa., v. ho presided. < dmirman fjEfct^tjscu.'siuu-,JMt.-.ti,o \arious |>-!n' s V, !' ''.Ot lit > Uampiieil, in Ins opening < - mark'. ! rielly was. ::T^$;carti\e ViCWT'TOajL- ,. 4 oi this t. 00CH3? V1 .. T  'V > i . our nn-lhe-joh accilc:,<,; :lcman say this motair.r for u large corporal^ j- in twenty-three $ut*' I ' * .inn was 36 fatalities in 4 ; among some 9Q.0QQ I the-jol) accidents, \vhcrti. f' Officers 1938-1939 accidents they had 203 i;. Chairman--j. H. Jikowx, Tide Water Associated Oil Co., New York, X. Y. c Y Letter Editor--N. S. HtTtwiAX, Oklahoma Xatural Gas Company. Tulsa. Okla. .03 iatalitics cost the ccv, t*fi(jvrtMjy Committee Choirniou--G. II. Cakckntf.k. Humble Oil X Kenning Co., Houston, ncy. .. iker at the same sej^ -tancc where a man \tv, M in an off-tho-jol) act* no money to pay his $7>; ad his company took pit. Committee Chairman--i.)it. James W. Loxfi, Gulf Oil Corp., Port Arthur, Texas. -r'*dnW Daht Sheet ` Committee Chairman--H. E. Discuixgkk, Shell Oil Co.. Inc.. $t. Louis, Mo. Committee Chairman--11. W. Boogess, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.. Tulsa, Okh. 'fxiuOtlioits Committee Chairman--J. C. Youxo, Tide Water Associated Oil Co., Tulsa, .id it. Many of the rcu ^ :>ave done the same thi:> :r Section might well pv, . between this meeting /r&la. , Committee ihairman--Hadi.ky H. Myers, Sinclair Prairie 0:! Co., 'i nIsa. Okla. ' it?}! Education Committee Chairman--E. D. Muki'UEY, Mid-Comitvrt: Petroleum Corp., `~?elsa, Okla. "cksitf Division Chairman--A. M. McKkax, Pan American Petroleum X Transport Co., f f.Kew York, X. Y. proper committee for ;btight try to collect data?-; what our off-time accidtv. : and what wc can do i- * l Lakes Division Chairman--J C. Hekxd, Sinclair fri-Division Chairman--T. S. M.utitt, Jr., Houston Refining Co., East Oil Co. of Texas. L&ioiifiiiCHf Dtvi.su:! C/minium--H. T. Makkf.H, Phillips Petroleum Chicago, Ind. Houston. Texas. Co., Bartlesville, put on a program of rt' hose lines, so that our err-' Coast Division Chairman--A. I.. Axoersox, Stamlard Oil Co, <.f Calif.. Sait Fran- .tot only practice safety V. Calif. >tt the job as well. _ y Plfisi-ni Chairman--Bovn Y. Osnonx. Standanl Oi` Co. (Ind.). Casper, w.Vfyoming. ws have records, check AsiCcneroI Chairmen.-- -ee what those accidents m y:s&..\V. Black. Standard Oil Co. of X. J., Elizabeth. X. J. X CM A XT: That * e.X #v H.W, Bocgkss. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., Tulsa. Okla. Boxsin. Star, iard Oil Co. of X. J., Xew York. X. Y. :tc of nty own group | A. \V. Brkei.and. Lone Star Gas Co.. I >allas. Texas. ite oi'f-the-job accidca-J - f . v.y. R. Currie, -j-j.... -|-t.xas c0_ Houston. Texas. ;k tenders, a third |,;:x.E. Doxovax. Standard Oil Co. of Calif.. San Francisco, Calif. 'untie. They were cemy . y < 1.. Hichtowki.:. Ynitcd Gas Pipe Line Co., Houston. Texas fifty miles doy. n J ,t: . j \0. Lockwood, Continental Casualty Co.. Tulsa, Okla. driving through a fog- ' had a iataiity in h* : but vmi can figure c,;1 : Pint accident cost the < .aiuly cost plenty tfl f x i F. PKusstxc. '.'niuit Oil Co. of Calif.. Los Angeles, Calif. A B. Ur>Ai`f.u. Humble Oi: X Refining Co.. Houston. Texas. LJ.SrxxE, o Sucor.y-Vacuum OiLCo.. Inc.. Xew York. X, Y. \t. | ,Y TH- -'!; .ard Oil Co. (Iiul.), Chicago, 111. i it cost plenty to w- |^ Prairie Oil Co.. Tulsa. Okla, ; f; ' * ` 1 Jw-.:-:Ksi.Kr. American Petroleum Institute. Xew XY ER: )>efore ve be in order for um ' i - ; ----- ------------------------- tg vote of (hanks : ,n of the fine way ' tr Chairman. I'.a# t5*"' vssi^ns mi mivH vc'. r v.e. was nuineroush ' ;>11<I carri*edt ...<.*..I.'i'l' t Officers 1939-1940 mdram,C. .' XohmaNN. Sh.ell Oil C. o . Inc.. San Franci-: .. Calif. for />. :uctior. --11 T. Makkek. Phillips Petroleum C- . Bartlesville. p'riitan frr / - ines--C. A. Mu i.itit. The l'exas Co.. I :tiaetttiiiui--I. Houmkii Mvn{<. The vl jS'lh .\'ali.-nai Safe/v ( anavcss . ' .r? "I './it. l-'ice-Chairman for Marketing--F, R. McLfax, W hile Slar Div.. Soeony-Yacuunj Inc., I htroit. Mii'i*. AYre.r /..tier Edi'.-r--II. II, Wii.i.ia.ms, Pan-American Refining Corp.. Texas CitY^-rU'-' litt'iuh\-riu<i Committee Chairman--I. !`. Serrox, Ohio Oil Co., Findlay, Ohio " w> Pet,-olcv; tor SoconyA >C'V York City. Health Committee Chairman--Pa. .1. \Y. I.oxn, Gulf Oil Corp., Pori Arthur. '|'fX3.. ret Industrial Pula Sheet Committee Chairman--H. E. PisouximK, Shell Oil Co. .-.^rman. Petroleum Louis, .Mo. .-7^6* .1' Program Committee Chairman--.f. H. Pxou'x, Title Water Associated Oil Co., Publication Committee Chairman--I. C. VocNi', Title Water Associated Oil Co Okla. / " " Educa Statistics Coimiii/r.v Chairman--Hadi.sy H. Myeks. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., Tuisa. P'isnal Education Committee Chairman--T. ?. Mavxitt, Is., Houston Oil Co. of T< " Houston. Texas ' Atlantic Division Chairman--J. W. Lord. The Atlantic Refining Co.. Philadelphia, Great Lakes Division Chairman--Frank Hakkisox, Pure Oil Co., Chicago, Hi. Gulf Division Chairtnan--\V. 3. Kent. Magnolia Petroleum Co., Dallas. Texas Mid-Continent Divisi-m Chairman--F. IC. Dai.kymw.r, Tide Water As.'ociated OiCC^f- Tulsa, Okia. ' ''yjjsb Ai"i' England Division Chairman--/ohn W. Wxi.ctf, Cities Service Oil Co., East flrily- tree, Mass. I'acific Coast Divi-i.n Chairman--A. J. Maktix^ix, California Petroleum Sat'e-tv lV<y*;. Inc., Los Angeles, Ca'it. /'as/ General Chairmen-- Sta- Vhe educational pr ,acrics may be sta' '. i. How to- train t; ' jboul their joh 1 How lo teach t: -;c ;r,ess and its <.dmi :M<rstand tilings suci la) Why they do they do it. R. W. Mj..u.k, Standard Oil Co. of X'. J., Elir.aheiU. X*. J. (b) Why they ar H. W. Rocckss. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.. Tulsa, Okla. R. S. Po.xstn, Standard Oil Co. of X'. J.. X'cw York, X'. Y. ' .'/dV.-f.' yaiil, both ior ;u musidcring the sa A. W. BitKKi.Axn. Lone Star Gas Co.. Pallas, Texas a whole. J. PI. Ihiows. Tide Water Associated Oil Co., X'eic York. X*. Y. V. R. CVkkif. U.22 California Ave., I f-U'tim. Texas R. L. Po.vovAx. Standard Oil Co. ot Caiit., Sau i-Ynnei.-co, Ca'if. (. L. I11.ai r,a. L'iiitc<i Gas Pipe Line Co.. Houston. Texu' G. O. Locku'-s-,;.. Continental Casualty Co.. Tul-a. Okla. Oku. r. i'la-ssiso. Cnion Oil Co. of Cr.lit'.. Los Calif. R. U. KsiAfr.t:. iv.i'.v.iiic Oil X: Refining Co., Houston. Texas 1'-. f. .-::.YNi:, Soeory-Vacuum Oil Co.. Inc., New York. XL X'. C. W. Smith. Standard Oil Co. (lad.!. Chicago, Hi. P. L W.m.i.act. Sinclair Prairie Oil C.\, Tulsa. Okla. .secretary--IT. X*. : ::..\Kisf.t:R, American Petroleum Institute. XY-v Y X. Y. f'c) How they can lions in their org. ind in wages paid M) Why the vnri. ''.feted lo them. ! How to clearly 5 to the employ. . i '-'..t the best use of ; ;i A This brief statemen T . ' ol,vious, but who . * problems down 1 f^.''Xn actually sta ' nave somcihing v | -f has taught us 1. J ' ir be able to TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION } yy'Rly, hut wc k: > if our comp: October 17, 1930 __ ' t :' -:t 'alior forces : ^able to hVc w The opening -e:'i -a of the Peirok-c-.n Section v.as called :> order hy Genera! Chairman J. H. Hro-. Fire Protection Enginecr. Tide Water .-.--ociated Oil Centpatty, Mew York C y. who presided. T'.c tir't feature was a erits of Uriel' reports of sectional committee chairmen, as follows: Sectional .letivilies, by General Gliainv...'.'. V i:o> Pi/-dines. v.,:ias A. Miller. ; .nr, rather than - 11 industries in g; t hairuum, IVtroivum Svcitott, attd A--': _ 10 .Manager, The Texas Comp.'11). AM',"ill largely dee r capitalistic t'-n. Texas. \V* types of pro Por Production. C. J. X'obman' ^ \ '/?< ivilh the hr- CItlUj.,III*t**rPetruje11 m Section, tmd \ Sffiteit^ijiLfia'tftt'S^nShcir Oil - . - . `"' to train our v ' Vt their joh - -f| -vhcaliv. p,,,,,, I. 11. Hn/v.ri. fee' . - MM,, OCO'cN^ U ^ ^ *1 Congress U. JONES: Complete gliar(i; h presses is all very we?; or tj1(, < ilities Section rity of people here v.>* |,avc < with good supervision and on service. Hut I should Iike ^ my slices and take car? of Our'iGfy' s where they can't <rcll tllc w''*' i.it Sec whatyou can^toget tl Officers 1938-1939 e.s .guarded! I don t care whcthtr adic guard or what. Those {^}0.U know anytiiing about Ti1c cts his own guard. Those are U> .s that I am trying to lick AIRMAN BERMAN: I'n, gentlemen do not attend Natior^ . Congresses. kn-'.rJ/ Chairman--1C S. Mktzgen, Toledo Edison Co., Toledo, Ohio. '^fjCi-urral Chairman--H. A. Ptolemy, Public Service Co. of Northern Illinois, Chijf-Jtfo, HI* --CifAiu.h'S S. Bowden*, Ohio Public Service Co., Alliance, Ohio. Committee--E. J. Hanlon (Chairman), The Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co.. wQacaso. HI. [ .;-y _ Bookman, Virginia Electric fc Power Co., Richmond, Va. McCahk, Duqucsne Light Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. BORAKS: Mr. Jones really t0y W J. 0. Speed, Alabama Power Co., Birmingham, Ala. story that is absolutely true. 1 t\. f . Stott, Georgia Power Co., Atlanta, Ga. red that when I come to National jfijlg Sheet Snb'Committee--Paul R. Kuhn (Chairman), Pennsylvania Edison Co., Al- Congress meetings the biggest ^jewna, Pa. I get is the contact with safety po>! D. Hall, Atlantic City Electric Co., Atlantic City, N. J. wi. von fellows have beautiful planny i^y.- JoSN P. McCann, New England Power Service Co., Boston, Mass. . Jones said. You are the last tvortf &-)\V. J. McVav, Stone & Webster Service Corp., N'ew York, N. Y. ty. I tell you something ought to t< ^jisfefy instruction Card Sub-Committee--W. H. Brown, Northern States Power Co.. Min'.bout the small plants that haver.'; 'Tftwpelis. Minn. arts or the inclination. Once I muk T. Caster, Lincoln Telephone -Sc Telegraph Co., Lincoln. Ncbr. cstion that every member cf tfiii Committee--E. S. Miner f'C/iutrmonJ, American Telephone S: Telegraph Co., .rtec bring with him somebody frTM ANew York, N. Y. .1 plant as a guest. It would bet!' J, M. Buswei.t., San Joaquin Light & Power Co., Fresno, Calif. >t thing we ever did with this section, A. Rust, Erie County Electric Co., Erie, Pa. eh company would bring an iinbc- fin Strip Committee--A. A. Ki.ince (Chairman), Public Service Co. of Colorado. Den- to this section in Chicago next ye:? %tr, Colo. Mr. Jon.cs would make a lot of bus? ' kv''E. L. Dona, Central New York Power Corp., Syracuse, N. Y. and the insurance companies wow'I T--.W. L. Smith, Los Angeles Dept, of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. . little business. aVGeosoe G. Waldrop, City Light & Water Utilities, Fort Wayne, Ind. . J ONES: I was in a plsr.t last vcA Connecticut and the scterintemlc::: it girls come in there ::r work H'oly refuse to go to work on a p?r*5 <b#W Committee--Dr. Hart E. Fisher (Chairman), Chicago Rapid Transit G>.. Chis ago, IB. f- "embcrs;:if- Committee--J). C. Duncan (Chairman), Appalachian Electric Power Co.. ly.'-BtueSeld. W. Va. e t'.vo sweep guards c-r. He U? -Vu H. Kussmaul, Xortbern Indiana Public Service Co., Hammoml. Ind. nut on the handcuff c'-i.*-. ?' J. B. Porchf.r, Ohio Edison Co.. Akron. Ohio. ^ R- Smith, Public Service Electric & Gas Co.. Newark, N. T. , 'Wi Letter Committee--Wm. L. C*>ne (Chairman), Utah Power N Lierht Co.. Salt \ : Oty. Utah. {.. H. K. Berman, Consolidated Gas Electric Light & Power Co., Baltimore, M<! T Hiaopr, Union Electric Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. yC'j'A. A. R.m.l, Kansas City Power & I.Du Co.. Kansas City, Mo. ^y'P'^- Woods, Central Power & Light Co., Corpus Christi, Texas. . if-er and Safety Kinks Committee--If. W. Lukck tChairman). Comnionwealih Fr .-A0-. Chicago. 111. - ^ P N'ovics. Central Maine Power < M.. Augusta. Maine. i *****: Cc.,,,mitfe,--l\ L. G. 1 'tmo-.v.,. Pn. /Chairman). Pemisvlvauki Payot & I.ivi,'. p-B. Gr:o\ e, Florida Power & Liuht C Miami. Fla. ~ B. av.\n, Northern Indiana I'i/ait C fndiananolis. Ind. 581 000ko5 l j: i! i ; ':C i ; ' ;l: A : t .. i:i-; <r' VrV-'g 5oSo2 J2d8lth AWatititoonnal lSaatfeellyy Congress W. E. Sheud, Appalachian Electric Power Co., Blueticld. W. \"a. W. BRlley \Vicht. Eastern Shore Public Service Co., Salisbury, .Md. Publicity Committee--J. M. Okts '.Chairmen:). Public Service Corp., Newark X > - ,, :rip Committee--c ` v H. Berman, Con- i . Shew, Appalac: T. S- Shinn, Carolina Power & Liorht Co.. Raleigh, N. C. P. K Stiles, Electric Bond & Share Co.. New York, X. Y. *' .-a1- Connni/iec--Dh. J- it J. L. Weeks, South Carolina Electric & Gas Co., Columbia, S. C. Statistics and Contest Committee--J. C. Martin (Chairman), Bureau oi Safety, Q,-'*'I f,-x:.-crship Committee-- E. M. Chase, Central Vermont Public Service Corp., Rutland, Yt. '^1 Off, ftah D. Elms, Northwestern Electric Co., Portland, Oregon. U P. Hoffman, Flora D. F. McMurchy; Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tenn. Members at Large-- H. T. Burton*, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Midi. C. H. Davis, Commonwealth Edison Co.. Chicago, III. C. H. Dixsmoke, Wisconsin Power & Light Co., Madison, W'is. E. P. Dukkee, Consolidated Edi.-ott Co. ot New York, Inc.. New York, X, y. ;,.i? Utter Committee-- V;t>' York, N. Y. A. A. Kunc.e, Public ;'b. PokCHEk. Ohio h j 0. Sm.i). Alabama V E. Stott. Georgia C. N. Rakestrau, Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., Cleveland, Ohio. f it,T ond Safety Kink. Councilors (Past General Chairmen) ' VsMte Service Co., Has John J. Barada, The Laclede Gas Light Co.. St. Louis, Mo. \\r. L. Smith. Los .' E. S- Beaumont, The Peoples 0>a> Light X Coke Co.. Chicago. III. C. B. Bullet, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, W'is. G. A. Doki-i.er, Dayton Power & Light Co.. Dayton, Ohio. 8 James B. Docm-As, The Philadelphia Gas Works Co., Philadelphia, Pa. \V'. P. Ei.sTt.-x, American Tclcpiionc & Telegraph Co.. New York. N. Y. c. Roy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Co- Philadelphia, Pa. E. J. Krek, Philadelphia Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. \\'ji.i.s Maclachlan, Electrical Engineer, Toronto. Out.. Canada. B. B. McCui.i.och, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, III. George Oi*p, Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, Mich. F. M. Pepper, Illinois Bell Telephone Co.. Chicago, III. C. j. Ruti-axd, Texas Power 5: Light Co.. Dallas, Texas. C. R. Scott, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, lib H. lr. Wkwi. West Penn System. Pittsburgh, Pa. Special Representatives--C. L Gkevei-.t. Consolidated Edison Co. oi N. Y., Inc., New V X. Y. fA.G.A.) \Y. R. Smith. Public Service Electric & '>as Co., Newark, X. I. (E.E.I.) ru'jram Committee-- D. i6L W. Va. E. M. Chaff Centra) : George G. Waldrov. 1. L. Weeks, South < ?verity Contmil/cc--J. P. K. Siti.es, Ebasco 'iitistics and Contest C XJ. !. D. Elms, Xorthw. \\ F. McMurchy, T `--.Tcrs at Large-- H. J. Burton. Com*C H. Davis, Comm C. H. Dinsuork, W; . P. DumiK, Cons. H. \Y. Lukck, Conn C N. Rakkstraw. i Officers 1939-1940 J- M. Strike. St. .! General Chairman--H. A. Ptoi.1v.my. Public S.rvicc Co. of Northern Illinois, Chicago, Pice-Chairman--Chaio.es S. Bowden, i/iiio Public Service Co., Alliance. Ohio Secretary--P. L. G. HassK.mu., Pcun-ylvania power X: Light Co.. Allentown. l'a- . P.n'iineeri::// Committee--E. .(. Hani.oS /Chairman), The Peoples Gas Light & Coke t Chicago. III. E. R. Kimi'i1, Union Electric Co. of Mo., St. Louis, Mo. i*.\rt. R. Kuhn, renns\1vania Yidi-on Co., Altoona. Pa, A. A. Ram,. Kansas City Power X- Light G-. Kansas City, Mo. Puta Sheri Sub-Committee--M. T. r` .^ ii.it t('.'.airmail), Lincoln. Telephone X le.evp- Co., l.incoln, Nebr. hi. C. Bookman. Virginia Electric X Powci Co., Richmond, Va. \Y. II. Buown, Northern Slate'- B-.v.vr ('> l.'.inneapoli<. Minn. V-/;r/y ln.lrnetifii Card Snl>-(\,mnn!t.c -\\\ pt.a:ni..Ki`VV Weight (Chairman)., Ea-Hcni ' Public Service Co.. SalKbuiy, Md. T. S. SiHNN. Carolina Cower X L.jbl (ii,, BAcigh. N. C. I), E. Woods, Centra! Cc-acr'X Elgin Co., Corpus Chrisii, Texas l-.shUnt Com hi ifZee--J. 1'. MuC.MUv /rI'--'--->**rji|P1 ([/*Light C<>., I'iUsbnvsjh. l- J. D. II.m.e. Atlantic City Electric t'n., Atiatufef^ri^jN. ' John P. McCann, Nev. England Ier Set. j.ttilnrx (Past Getter, /`MS J. Bakada, Ti h. S. Beaumont, Ti Ik Boueet, Wise 0. A. Dokm.kk, Da\ .] H. Douglas, The R'*v M. Godwin. P J. Kkuh, Pltiladv diu.s Maci.achi.a- B. McCuu.och, X S. Metzger, To! Ckokc.e Off, Petr.. ' M. I'EflT.R. Illin X J. Ki "IT.A Nil, T< Ik Scott, Buria lb Wiaui, Wv-l '.-uaf Re^rc-tcntn/i'TG J. GlvRTvKT. C K. Smith, I'ul ! g.'tj.C.F.-H-m ` 00028b t r-s*5 '.OCQ'iS . 2L*l*^J,r*gTji '* **V'* =&> rc'.v.v . W. Ya. Salisbury, Aid. :'viee Corp., V. >ia. S. C. :l ) tland. \ t. Public Utililics Sccn>!n 5SJ *?* jj, Contm:::ee--E. A. Rust tClminmni), Eric Cotmly Electric Co., Eric. Pa. I1 i j J'f:kMax. Consolidated (>?. Electric Light 6c Power Co.. Baltimore, Md. i` y ijiicou. A:paiaehiun Electric Power Co.. PluetieM. W. Ya. ii. I'.iiiim.itlee---). Hart E. I'isiii.k (Chairman). Chicago K.c.-tu Transit Co.. Citieago, J* -j- _'i, fSfoiii Committee--W'm, L. Co.xt: (Chairman), Utah Power 66 Light Co.. Salt Lake * '~lu*<a^s- ft jfoKKM.'N. Florida Power & Light Co., Miami. Florida :<">ga, Tenii. Wis. Inc.. .Yew Yorl-j Cleveland. Ohio. Lv :c:to. HI. c. Wis. dadelphia, Pa. w York, X. Y Pa. \.nn^cl<3 .. ^ Committee--E. S. Mixi.it (Chairman), American Telephone & Telegraph Co.. ' ........................ _ S`.i`T'\ a. Public Service Co. o{ Colorado, Denver, Colo. -J j' RokchKk. 'AAio Edison Co., Akron. Ohio /1 S*'KKD> A'.U ama Power Co.. Birmingham. Ala. .. V S'toTT, Georgia Power Co.. Atlanta, Georgia `N>' ^ .. .* G- ' tatuiu,il SSaaffeeltyy KSiinnkkss CCoommmmiitttteeee----\\YY.. HH.. KKuussssmmaalt. (Chairman), Xorlhern Indiana :. - I./,..K, 'H'>.-rrvviicc Co.. Hammond, Intuclh. J" Smith, Los Angeles Department at Water <$; Power. Lo< Angeles. CaUt. Committee--D. C- Dl'NCAX (Chairman), Appalachian Electric Power Co.. lUue- 'i //. '.'aM. Chase. Central Vermont Public Service Corp.. Rutland. Yt. G. Wallaoi*. City Light & Water Utililics. Fort Way::-.-. Lid. "'g: Y.V.kks, South Carolina Electric 6c Gas Co., Columbus, S. C. Coinmiltee--L- C. Mautix (Chairman). Bureau of Safety. Chicago, 111. V ' i f-eC sS, k. frtn.ES. Elasco Services, Inc., Yew York, X. Y. .'* ^ Cg'.&CSf'S-- }:</ Conte.-: Committee--J. M. Ours (Chairman). Public Service Corp., Newark, *v '' `t D. E-'.i.is, Northwestern Electric Co.. Portland. Oregon 1- .f'Jig }'. M'.'Ml'kc:;v. Tennessee Willey Authority, Chattanooga. Turn. 't Larne-- p.y y.\\ j. '/'.ktox, c.sumcrs Power Co.. Liekson, Mich. : Co. of X. Y., Inc., Xcw Yf-x ' S'fJ.''--',' Jl. .Davis. C-.rcmonwcalth Edisoti Co.. Chicago. 111. ' .. if- .D/xsmok:-. .Wisconsin Power X Light Co., Madt>on, Wiv ark, X. L (E.E.I.) 3 ' .'^A' .P. .D'/kfee. C .c.solidated Edison Co. of X. Y., Inc.. Xcw Y-rk. X. Y. . J.i.'KCK, C'.mtnonwealtii E<Ii?on Co., Chicago, ill. ;; X.\kkstk.---.v. Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., Clcwlatvi. Dhin StkiKI-:. a:. Joseph Railway. Light. Heat 6e Power O .. St. Joseph. Mo. Xorthern Illinois, Chicago, L .. Alliar.ce, Ohio citt Co.. Allentown. Pa. opies Gas Light 6v t'okc Mo. :coin Telephone 6v Irhv'^-: . \'a. i inn. : (Chairman). P.:t-l'': Tex;; l.igix Co., .. Mur,. Pittshttre ' .-.L.-r: Cast G: ral Chairmen)-- tf-v ; ^r-x J. BakaL'.-. The Laclede G:is Light Co.. St. Louis. Mo. L * G?..M;Moxr. The Peoples Ga< Light 6e Coke Co.. Chicago. YAconsin Public Servi ic . . ;oEt.t.Ki:. .-avton Power & L:g; -. .iva.AS. 7:.e Philadclpltia Gas rv. . G <'ioowj; Philadelphia E;ectr:' u a. . K.v.ym, Ph: A'idphia Co-, Pittsln: y c -'...U- J.IaCI.ac k:.ax. Elcclricttl Ettair. . -.. :.fe-Ct;u/. Bureau of Satctv. r: '..'.K-r/r.y.u. . -ledo Edison Co.. Ti . = fjn\ !- Edison Co.. Dcir ... i . :;;ois Bel! TelepheOv 'ii.rNti. . ->:as Power 6e Light - y IT, lit : -an of Sa lYtv, Cltiea . . HIS, V. [\-nii S><tem. Pitt r : re;en/a: _ . \ i:irr. ii-olidaleil Edi-.-g t o. o :n'li, ; . c Service Elect:-:.' I: ^-------- -------- ----- .---- ---------------- nss Jy/li Xalioiiii/ Sar\-:\- C iui/ii\'ss curaiely controlling time. temperature* ami pre>*urcs. Sufficient mercury thermometers a* well H' recording thermometers arc cor rectly placed and constantly cheeked to n**tirc the maintenance nr' correct tempera ture*. haeii <>i' tkc-e pmce'-'inc operation* re quire.* unusual care, extreme accuracy com bined with adequate supervision and in spection to assure quality am! safety of the product. ! spite oi the utmost care, defects in workmanship and materials do occur in any manufactured article. These detects must Ire found before the article leaves the fac tory, therefore, it is necessary to minutely in>pect each article, diligently searching for and rejecting defective merchandise. These inspectors, well trained, are paid a bonus for rinding defects; however, as an added precaution, their workmanship in turn is cheeked by product quality inspectors to a-surc accuracy and efficiency. The modern tire is only one important accessory for the car of today. The -am? painstaking care in manufacture, the -alc high regard for quality. ::;c >amc precau tions to assure the eommv.cr*' -afety is a major part of every piece of equipment that is manufactured into each ear. Tires ar? sate and automobiles arc safe--if the per son behind the wheel and iu control eooperates hv thinking and driving >atcSv. Quality control work in any manufacturing industry involves two major safety func tions. The first consideration is the safety of the employee, to see that the operator is performing his job with the maximum degree of safety to himself, that the mate rials he works with, Ids tools or machines have no apparent functional detects that may be hazardous to safety. The second consideration, safeguarding the safety of the consumer by seeing that each operation is being performed correctly, being con stantly alert to insure ti:c observance of specifications in order that uniformly high quality, safe merchandise i> produced. Dusts in the Rubber Industry By P. A. DAVIS, M.D., F.A.P.H.A. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, 0. f Justs mav be classified in two main groups: 1. Harmful; 2. Xot '.armful or nuisance. When we think of lids classification, we undoubtedly think of some type of pneumonocoaiosis. However, I believe we must not base our conception of dusts on this basis, but assume that ail dusts are detri mental to the human system as a whole when the concentrations are high enough. Whether the disability is due to a toxic condition or to a mechanical one, of course, depends entirely upon th.e nature of the dust. The conditions usually referred to as being of mechanical origin fall under that condition known as pncumonoconiosis with its various sub-division? of; 1. Silicosis. 2. Siderosis. d. Anthracosis. 4. Asbcsiosis. 5. Chalcosis. 0. Chalicosis. The method or contracting pneumonoconiosis is by inhalation of the dust; however, all dusts do not cause pr.eumoiiocontosU. The higher the silica content of a dust tiic greater the possibility of developing a fibro sis and the higher the percentage of crystal content the greater the irritation. The diagnosis of the type of pr.eumonocomojis is based upon the following; 1. Past history and occupation. 2. Physical examination. Clinical examination of sputum. 4. X-rays of lungs. Since wc have been studying die hmgs of industrial workers by x-rays, there has de veloped an entity which Would be termed the "Industrial Lung." This condition, believe, should not betermed a pncumono coniosis because it reaches a certain st^S6' does not progress any further and alter several months to a year improves. T*.cr* arc rm symptoms "kfM'lefL'.......WPS?1*'..0 due hmgs. It is dis|S|p&nly by of x-rays taken ov^r^i^ijtpd of ye3^*;. | The other cor. si soluble dust.jjica, and metal; - -.-.tidcr a specific *. I ^isoniug is ver; ; |nbalation of lea 1 fnroat irritationI of insoluble <luI neciinnicni. We Justs as: l. P: -meumonoconiotic Some of the r jjed in imlustn } deifications are | pneumonoconio t Silicosis (saiv. I earth, Slough: 1 rotten stone. . than Vi of 1CA 2 Siderosis--iro: iron sulphides 1 Anthracosis--<. 4. Asbestosis--po ore. J. Chalcosis--cop 6. Chalicosis--sto Non-Pneumonoc Harmful: l. Lead dusts. 2. Arsenic dusts. 3. Chromium du 4. Cadmium dust 5.' Antimony dust 0. Radium comp' 7. Alkali dusts. 8. Sulphur dusts 9- Tellurium con 10. Various cole ultra murine chromate, etc. Non-harmful but nuisance dusts: 1- Soapstone with 2. Zinc oxide and i Barium sulphate Plaster of Paris 3- Paris white--wi Talc. ' Mica--may can 8. Oxide of magiK * Titanium dioxic: As wc can see ^cessarily must classification of ha atnjicouvme ^Ij'opdyr predoi rcSS >r tlie car of today. The samf care in manufacture. tfie $aint . for quality, tlie same prccau urc the consumers' ,-afety is, at every piece of equipment tllal :ured~iuto cacii car. Tires ar itomobiics arc safe--if the perthe wheel ami in control cothinking and driving safely. ,rurol work in any manufacturing volvcs two major saiety iuncnrst consideration is the safety ioyee, to see that the operator .tig iiis job with tlie maximum -atety to himself, that tiie mate-rks with, his tools or machines pparent functional defects that eardous to safety. The second safeguarding the safety of er by seeing that each operation erformed correctly, being con-t to insure the observance of s in order that uniformly high - merchandise is produced. ;ustry .P.H.A. xron, O, cd of contracting pneumonocoinhalation of the du-t; however. > not cause pncumuuocoiuosis. the silica content <>f a dust the possibility of developing 3 nbrohigher the percentage of crystal greater the irritation. The ike type of pneumonoconiobs :s the following: .-tory and occupation, a: examination. .1 examination n f inmim. - 0: lungs, have Ik vii -imhinu the lungs 0: s i.\ x-ra\s. there has de v. iiicii -iu.nlii I".- terme-.s Lung." This .'f tviitic-n. ^ 1 i>e termed a pneuinonoit -cache- a certain -tage-- ar.v 1 nrthtr and a'.trt a year improve-. "1 hr* r.or decrvn-ed capacity ii-covereil or.iy by a serif* iver a period of years. Kithhcr Section fu9 XS\e other conditions caused by inhalations 0f soluble dusts, insoluble, but free from iilica. and metallic dusts have to be discussed under a -specific condition; for example, lead poisoning: is very frequently caused by the inhalation of lead dust; and many nose and throat irritations arc caused hv inhalation of insoluble dusts whose action is strictly mechanical. W'c therefore may also classify dusts as: l. Pneumonoconiotic; 2. Xon- pneumonoconiotic. silica, there are many oilier conditions which arc produced in the respiratory tract which are harmful to the individual. The following are the most important materials used in the rubber industry which are in the form of a dust or powder and to which the individual is exposed. They are marked by the following letters--H. harmful; XH. not harmful; HT, harmful and toxic: HP, harmful and pneumonoco niotic; NHX, not harmful but a nuisance Some ~ot tlie principal dusts or materials dust. used in industry which tall under these classifications are as follows: Pneumonoconiotic: 1. Talc soapstone with Yz of 1% or less SiOr-XHX. 2. Starch and potato flour--XHX. ]. Silicosis (sandstone, slate Hour, tuner's earth, Stoughton earth, iniusionai earth, rotten stone, any other clay with more than '/ of I% silica, ground glass). 2. Siderosis--iron ores, iron oxides '"at.), iron sulphides (nat.). 3. Anthracosts--coal and carbon dusts. 4. Asbestosis--powdered asliestos, asbestos ore. 5. Chalcosi>--copper ore ami copper dusts. 6. Chaiicosis--stone dusts. Non-Pneumonoconiotic Harmful: 1. Lead dusts. 2. Arsenic dusts. 3. Chromium dusts. 4. Cadmium dusts. 5. Antimony dusts. 0. Radium compounds. 7. Alkali dusts. * Sulphur dusts. 9. Tellurium compounds. I'1- Various colored compiimds -.1. a< ::l:ra marine blue, )'ru--jnn him lead chromate, etc. Non-harmful but nuisance dusts: J. Zinc oxide--XHX--see chest x-rav. 4. Lead oxide, metallic lead dusts, lead chromate, and the various powdered lead compounds--HT. 5. Carbon black--XHX. 6. Rubber dust--finely divided dust from butting process--XHX'. 7. Sulphur--H, sometimes irritates nose and throat and occasionally produces a dermatitis. 8. Whiting--XH. 9. Barytes--XH. 10. Asbestine--HP. 11. MgO, and MgCOj--XH. 12. Lilkopone--XHX'. 13. Red lead--HT. 14. High grade clay--HF if over ? ,, of 1 c/c silica and dust count is over .\000.f>'>0. 15. Corn starch--X'H.V lo. English vermilion--HT. 17. Graphite--XHX. IS. Chromium oxide--HT. 19. Ultramarine blue--HT. 20. Titanox--XT. 21. Thermatonie blue--XTX. 22. Zinc stearate--XHX. 23. Aluminum--XHX, occasionally causes a mechanical dermatitis and irritau-.u <u ' soapstone with ZZU or iv- of free mucous membranes of nose and throat. -- Zinc oxide and sulphide. Barium sulphate. Plaster of Paris. Pr ris w'nitc--whiting. 24. Hard rubber dust--XHX. 25. Lime--H caustic. Produces dcrmathi*. 2o. Various alkali dusts--H caustic. 27. Various chromium and cadmium -lists '. Tr .c. * V ca--may cau-c a mec: anical ir*: r.-.ion. ' 0 si ;e of magnoia. y T: tauiutn dioxide. As v.c can see by tin- .lassilicat: r. wc *-ce- -artiv must go back our < ..inal - da--; ".cation of harmful, a vi not har uiul: ! i::-\ .;:n convinced that .idle -iii>- :1- is ' 'X nr predominant - i it i> <c - .z to --HT. 25. Mica--XH -- sometimes can*, cbanical dermatitis. 2`J. Ve-lw'.v oxide (Fc.-Oj). XHX. 50. Black oxide (FcjO<). XHX. Gyrsum-XHX. 55. \\\-. d ji.jur--XH. ...... 000 - ' .-.,v Vv,v .'.TV-'- . V- c ; V; , -c- -------- __ ,,,.g rsr .i'X.r-j- ' MU U ii._ S' f: 1 :i ^vv i i i; \ m\lr mP-iHi*. li:;. ft i! r1 . ; !: li ': ; :1 i ii';-; 'ij;! ;i ! \;; if(Il. `i \ pjil!!j ! 1 *i * *. ;? `*ijs; i! i'l. l yih .SY'/V/v .'5 5o.ip powder -- irritant Xii. Some time- cause- derinat::-*. m Onptax--XI:. 5" Phenyl--Pda Xnpthylamc--HT. causes a dermatitis. Soap hark--XH. sometimes cause- a Ii*tcoryza ami conjunctivitis. T\ <. <>iton lint rinit--XHX. 4'A bronze powder--HT--ae lu copper and Nad content. -II. Zinc sulphide--KHX. 42. Sand--HP. 45. Various clays having more than J/> oi Vc of tree silica--HP. 4-. Antimony oxide--HT. 45. Titanium oxide--XH. -K Various inorganic and organic chem ical compounds in powdered form often produce dusts during their use and manu facturing. These must be considered in dividually as to their industrial hazard and tox:city and are not in the scope of tins paper. 4" Wheat and potato dour--XHX. The following procedure will be help fix! in solving your problem ot dust. 1. Make repeated dust counts of the working area at various levels. 2. Of,tain some o: the dust and send it l t:.e laboratory for complete analysis, in cluding tiie determination of free Si0:. .v Examine the workers, x-rays ot" the cho: for those working in pneumonoconiotic dusts. 4. vheck the ventilation and increase it to ; r ..luce noil-hazardous atmospheres. Jittercmintc between conditions caused by .iatiie substances and solvents, and tbo-e caused by dusts. 11 P' rotect the workers with proper clothing c.::d protective respirators and masks. /. :Study die particular dusts from the mec:.:mical and chemical nature and if the effect: arc unknown, resort to animal experinwr.t:*.;ion. s. ; dusts arc toxic and harmful consider the ; '/ssibility of a substitution for a nonharm.ful substance. 9. :Examine and x-ray all employees who are ! ring placed on jobs where there is a du-t hazard. They should be examined l*eri<- iicallv. 10. Make each dust problem an individual one. and in case of silicotic dusts, keep the count below 5 M. per cu. ft., if the free SiO; more than ITc. .'elect employees free from TB, chronic btvnvhiti-. post intiuuu:.: infectious, l-u't pneumonic condition-, a-ti.mtuivs, ;li;.| per.'ill' nitii myncariiiai inv4Yemenis for dusty operation-. 1 have found liial there i- x-ray evidence oi tuhorcuitws in about 2 pi r cenl of the ca-cs but only 1) of 1 per cent active and of a permanent disability. I'ncnmplicatcd pnemnonocoiiiosi.- of a moderate degree is not disabling to a point of permanent disa bility. I want to present to you a case which l think is a rare one. This employee lias never worked in anv dust before his employ ment on his present job. He has worked for 12U years in zinc oxide dust and dur ing our periodic examinations in 1938 the x-ray picture proved very interesting. He does not have a definite pneumonoconiosis but he how< evidence ot glandular fibrosis. What will develop in a few more years will be shown by x-ray examination only. He lias no symptoms. If this man bad been working in lead or similar toxic dusts, symptoms of that particular substance would have been present. The dust counts on toxic dusts must be kept at a minimum, and much lower than that for silicotic dusts. In silicotic dusts the particles of 10 micron size or larger are of very little concern, but with toxic dusts the size of the particles is not so important as is the number of particles. The smaller the particles of dust the less the rate of settling and the greater the time of exposure, and this is the important item in toxic dusts. For example, the permissible amount of lead dust is approximately 15 mgs. per day of eight hours. There would be very little chance of any one ever developing a pneu* monoconiotic condition with this dust count, but if it is increased very little there is a chance lor lead poisoning, and so it is with the various toxic dusts. The question in most of your minds is. "What arc you going to do about these conditions?" The answer is simple. You are going to correct them. It has been proved many times that it pays big finance returns, creates better working condition*, and the employees have a more enicient an appreciative attitude for the employer. It is unnecessary Tor me to consider the methods of correcting the dust problem-' for this iLf.-.in-jhc realm of the ventilation eiu;iuter,7^?!^t tmrcr?frt#sUiii3* -t,ie Ab lation : ii that Yui -iii.uici !< nodical!. ii>>vv- .u'O'iVii-.n; l" \ :l,M'l and a- ,i -'.leuc- a M'hc'lnir i\ inch ! ;cw year.-. Silicn-i- nr <iiti-i,fic itu Jading x-rays. | Xon-siiicious and not: ::osic dusts--c\cry year, . Toxic dusts--for examt ! arsenic, antimony, pho!Justs, and alkali and ca !month. j Nuisance dust;--every j x-rays only if indicated. I If you ti::d any eviikm ! better to correct tile cauj she employee elsewhere, (causes dissatisfaction at J such conditions can bo co j cooperation between the ng and managing depa: states at I're-cnt all con Just tire compensable, sj employer !<> correct his ' j!0 a point at which there | Conclusic | It is impossible to give . I :ion of all the dusts u- Training. Employment Manz As we scan the histc movement, wc lint! that ttnphasis has been placed tsponsibilitv in accident Authorities seem to acr } (and by ioremen is me:, j vision) arc very largely j ihe prevention of accidet: 1 How do these aiuhorit: j -onclusions? Why must jitime the responsibility fc i ;ons under tlw-ir snpervifi ! Wlien we tell our supi sitist accept the respon ds occurring in their i&I-V: mm M o cc;j;o khfv'l 'Ji* - Rubber Section 641 post influenza? infections jilalion he suiiicient to reduce the dust count condition.', asthmatics, and i jo a certain point and have it maintained > ocardinl involvements f0T I ,| that point. | You >tionM ]>eriodicaUy examine your cm* . that there is x-ray evidence in aljout 2 per cent o[ ti;c 1 . ol \ per cent active and I xlovecs according to the type of dusts cxp3<cil to ami as a suggestion the following $ a schedule which I have used for a nt disability. I'ncomplicateii few years. si? of a moderate degree is .o a point ot permanent disa- Silu>- r silicotic dust--six months in vading x-rays. Kon-silicious and nou-silicotie or non- yresent to you a case which toxic dusts--every year, with x-rays. rare one. This employee has in any dust before his employpresent job. He has worked Toxic dusts--for example lead, chromium, arsenic, antimony, phosphorus, chemical justs, and alkali and caustic dusts--every '> in zinc oxide dust and dur.iic examinations in 1938 the proved very interesting. He o a definite pneumonoconiosis evidence of glandular fibrosis, .vciop in a tew more years trill y x-rav examination only, `Re ..ptoiris. If this man had beet : `.cad or similar toxic dust?. that particular substance would rewt'.t. . counts on toxic dusts must be minimum, and much lower tlas i-cotic dusts. In silicotic dusts the aioutlt. N'uisancc dusts--every l to V/i years-- x-rays only it indicated. It you find any evidence ot trouble it is better to correct the cause than to transfer the employee eisewlterc, for this often nuses dissatisfaction and suspicion. All *ach condition? can bo controlled it there is cooperation between the medical, engineer ing and managing departments. In most states at present all condition* caused by just are compensable, so it behooves the employer to correct his working conditions o a point at which there arc tm hazards. `.0 micron size or larger are o; ;:-.ccm, but with toxic dusts t articles is not so important Conclusion h is impossible to give a detailed descrip- -.-r of particles. The smaller 11,11 *'f all the dii'ts u-wd in the rubber the less ike rate of sett!-? industry, for the silicotic dusts alone would require a volume to do them justice, but I want you to remember that there arc just as many serious conditions which may de velop from the. inhalation of various toxic dusts. These conditions are often more serious than pneumonoconiosis and develop much faster and in a shorter period of time. For instance, a person may develop a lead poison ing in two months from inhalation of lead compounds and it might take five to ten years for a silicosis to develop in the same environment of silica dust. There are on the market today many fine and efficient protective devices such as chemical protective masks, dust respirators, positive pressure masks, clothing and gloves which if used will give good results. Instruction to the employees by the super vision in regard to their personal habits, their instruction concerning the type of dust they are exposed to. and why they have to use the protective appliances, will reduce the jtossibiliiy of any trouble to a minimum. AM laboratory work must he done by a technician who has been trained in the vari ous toxicological laboratory techniques and the interpretations must he made in con junction with the past history of the in dividual. May I say in conclusion that it i* much more profitable to correct a du*ty operation than to declare it a hazard. .u-.-r the time ot exposure, a'.-...portam item in toxic dit'1, the permissible amount ot ; r.'Xtmatciv 15 mgs. per da) There would be very V.V-- Training Supervision in Accident Prevention By JOHN J. LOGE ...oy one ever developing a l'r-'* v.c condition with this dust cve: Employment Manager, The General Tire & Rubber Company. Akron, Ohio mereased very little there ' * : if'.'i poisoning, and so it i? .- t'-xic dusts. u in most of your m'uJ .mi iconic to do about >j-; The answer i* simple ^ . correct them. It has '" f times that it pay ? big i hvUer working: ; .'j': ec' have a more t'n'.cw-1 j attitude fo.r the erioyr- } .vi-ary for ive to coil?1'-1. , .oiTvcting the dv.'i fr-; As we scan t'.w history of the safety *:r,vemciu. wc find that a great deal of ;:nf'liasi* bus best: olaced on the foreman's ^'Pcituibihiy accident prevention work, -thoriiic? scem to agree that foremen ** by f.vremr:: i* meant direct super- are very largely responsible for '_Heveiu;.-,- , accidents in industry. -.* u<) u-.cit authorities arrive at their Why must the foremen astr.t- n.--' rt-ibiiky for injuries to per- ? -..v>trvi*ion : ,\'n '' ur -upiTvi-'ir- ti nt tke\ must be prepared to state a few reasons. We ask a foreman for a report following an accident, ami i:e has a right to a clear understanding as to the reason why he is called upon to explain when one of his workers is injured. There is nothing mysterious about the placing of respon sibility for accicer.:?. It isn't the case of -management imposing a burden upon supervision that should belong elsewhere. As soon as a person is placed in a super visory capacity, a position where he lias the veaim o; the '''y.... .m lmt-t that :;r . r.-.yonsiiuiiiy for acci -''r;;; .,.;r departments, we ;'-``.c -/ ip.'i>-P.; 'i {- hat it won hi >0 the nth-aula-, .one to O'li.-idcr it from tutu poj not <mlv in eonsidc. ra. tion '* sa;**, rs but in i vi r\ condition will, .,\.j :iri'mnn f:a- t-> :d. ' ' Steam Railroad Section Officers 1939-1940 TAT ^rc! Chairman--E. I- Hknkv, Chicago & North Western Railway Co., Chicago, ill. .giruiou--D. G. Phillips, Wabash Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo. VT.'^ry and A'ctcj Letter Editor--P. F. Buckle, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad .`Vo,, Chicago. III. irrtmfl Chairman, J. R. Tenney, Western Maryland Railway Co., Hagerstown, Md. tf-inhcrslrip Chairman, Ropert Scott, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co., Wilmington, N. C. Misties Chairman, T. H. Cakkow, Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Palest Chairman, C. L. LaFountajne, Great Northern Railway, St. Paul, Minn. r*(Ur Chairman. L. J. Benson, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul 5; Pacific Railroad Co., Chicago- (j:. Pr/icftccA Pamphlet Chairman, W. J. Weil, Delaware, Lackawanna & Hudson Rail* . Scranton. Pa. ^ainations & Election.'! Chairman, \V. C. Shelved, Union Pacific Railroad Co.. Omaha. Ji'fli `tilth Chairman. Uj<. Ikying S. Cutter, Chicago & North W estern Railway Co., Chicago. S8M TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17. 1939 The opening session of Steam Railroad `ikgates was railed to order by E. I*. jilyirv, Assistant to the General Manager, (Csicago &: North Western Railway Corn- pany, Chicago, who presided. Chairman Henry welcomed the delegates, sketched the program of sessions briedy, and then in:r<viuccd the first speaker. Safety Today and Tomorrow on American Railroads By CARL R. GRAY, JR. Executive Vice President, Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway :-! Company, St. Paul, Minn.* .'/here i; one thing in v \:ich I will not At j back scat tor anyone*. and that i? the `A'Kt 1 have in "Safety. Perhaps it is tAi' iroin inlteritance tha: I gather my in- . in this work--perha- from the en- Reorient and association have had with |^iv,-ho believe in safety who preach it, It jPractice it con-ta :::iy. Perhaps it : -rom i!i(. standpoint of realization that I of the greatest ..tors in the so* T? of tin; ti-aiisportal:. :: problem. But is .H.e ,.r the </. .vr. or a part of s;Knv that ! am be-;.: completely a ^.`'-'`eheaitvu!-. devoti; - a considerable ui n,v )i,V to the r." rovemem--bv safety--of the lives of ali of our people. Naturally I should be most interested in the safety performance of the Omaha Rail road; but one cannot be safety-minded and fail to recognize and be interested in and a part of safety as it is understood in the business world today. One has but to look at the program of this Congress to realize v.hat :i tremendous place safety has taken in the live- of the American people, tor it permeates the very souk of so many of us. i: is. ami has been, a complete success. I read ail I can concerning early American railroading. Here is a clipping from a:i English newspaper A^AJarr:; f>, I?ffj. nitot- 645 sdSp : 0GG242 Textile Section (i Officers 1938-1939 eral Chairman--E. A. Roberts, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Atlanta, G;t. '''ficc-Chairv:an--E. M. Salley, American Enka Corp., Enka, N. C. Secretory and Ncxes Letter Editor--Frazer Patterson, \V. C. Bradley Interests, Colum bus, Ga. fagineering Committee Chairman--Norman F. Hines, Ludlow Manufacturing & Sales Co., Ludlow, Mass. J faith Committee Chairman--Fred \V. Seme, Aetna Life Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn. } tfaubership and Publicity Committee Chairman--Jett M. Potts, West Point Manutacttirt- ing Co., West Point, Ga. (Program Committee Chairman--W. R. McCaclum, South Carolina Industrial Commission, j Columbia, S. C. I Statistics Committee C7uVwa--W. L. Powell, North Carolina Industrial Commission, | . Raleigh, X. C. \ Yisnol Education Coinmittce Chairman--C. C. Campbell, Marshall Field & Co., Spvav, f.N.C. | J{embers at Large-- |' J. E. Bergert, Johns-Manvillc Corp., Manvillc, N. J. T-- B. R. Brown, Columbia Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. I - H. R. Cory, Beacon Manufacturing Co., Swannanoa, N. C. |: `Charles H. Eav.es, Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, Mass. ]- Russell T. Fisher, National Assn, of Cotton Manufacturers, Boston, Mass. i A. S. Johnson, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. J. H. McKelvie, Merrimack Manufacturing Co., Huntsville, Ala. | Gilbert R. Merrill, Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, Mass, t `Frank E. Morris. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. | B. G. Stumukrc, Tallass.ee Mills, Tallassee. Ala. j J. T. Troi.ingf.r, North American Rayon Corp., Elizabethton, Tenn. ` R. B. Wickham, West Point Manufacturing Co., West Point. Ga. } *T. A. Wilson, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. 5 `Past Ceoerai Chairman Officers 1939-1940 ycral Chairman--E. A. Rorerts. American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Atlanta, Ca. \ ^'Chairman--E. M. Salley, American Enka Corp., Enka, N. C. \ Secretary c::d Nezvs Letter Editor--Frances Bethune, R. N"., Firestone Cotton Mills, j Gastonia, X. C. {Engineering Committee Chairman--R. B. Wickham. West Point Manufacturing Co., West j ' Point, Ga. i -`iclth Committee Chainnan--M. F. *Tku j:. North Carolina Board of Health, Raleiuh, : ic - 'loabcrshi? and Publicity (\wimitree Chairman--W. R. McCallum. South Carolina In dustrial C. mmissic n. Columbia, S. C. rrsgrant C'mmittee Chairman--W. I.. l'nwtaj.. North Carolina Industrial Commission. .Raleigh, X. C. ______ --- "`je Practires Pamrhlet Comm & ^ales Co.. Ludlow. Mass. 678 2Sth National Safety Coin/rc.ts TV Committee on Cooperation with Trade Associations, Chairman--?. If. Snufotm V Carolina Ot-par:ment of Labor, Raleigh, N. C. ' <M-: 1'i.tiiuf Education Committee Chairman--W. D. \Vi:avk.';, Mar-kail Field & r0 g C. - " i'r5>' Members at Large-- J. E. Bkrcrrt. Johns-ManviUc, Corp.. Manville, N. J. B. R. Brown, Columbia Mills, Inc., Rosclattd, Chicago, HI. J. T. Brown, E. I. du Pont dc Nemours <Sr Co., Old Hickory, Term. John J. BuRena. \V. J. Dickey & Sons, Inc., Oella, Baltimore Co.. Md. H. R. Cory. Beacon Manufacturing Co.. Swannanca, N. C. *Ch.\ri.v.$ H. Eamks, Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, Mass. Arthur S. Johnson. American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Lo-ton, Mass. H. McKf.i.vir. Merrimack Manufacturing Co., Huntsville, Ala. Frank E. Morris, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. *T. A. W'ttjsON. North Carolina Industrial Commission. Raleigh. N. C. 'Past Genera! Chairman TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17,1939 The opening session of the Textile Sec tion was called to order by General Chair man E. A. Roberts. District Engineering Manager, American Mutual Liability In surance Company, Atlanta, Ga., who pre- sided. Chairman Roberts presented in !; annual report a brief resume of Section an i Committee activities, and then introduce; the first speaker as lined in the schedul'd program. How Far Can We Go Without Management in Developing and Maintaining a Satisfactory Safety Program? By HUGH L. BRYAN Personnel Manager, Sonoco Products Co., Hartsvills. S. C. There can be only one answer. The inter est taken in the safety program by foremen and other employees Is in direct proportion to the interest, enthusiasm and support shown it by management. I say this unre servedly and emphatically. Who of us has r.ot heard an associate, referring to the boss, say, "You can do al most anything else ami get away with it, but you had better not fail to turn in the `old man's' daily departmental reports," or some thing similar to that? Many a:; "old man" I'.as a pet hobby or -..-.rory which lie is very enthusiastic about a;.-; which is strictly ob served by his employ- -:-, sometimes through fear hut usually through respect. Now i: this pet hobby or tb-.-vry happens, id-be-the safety program its -uccess i; largely as sured. This is a very ambitious subject, for v.c may well n-k oursciv-;--, how far can we go without the cooperation of our empio>ves? The initial steps, rtwever, must always he taken by iv.rmageme;.:. ... Often we find top men, whether presi dents. superintendents, or department head?, who have been on their jobs for almost hah a century--men of the old school who l*a\r done an excellent of managing. ^u: who have always acre; ted as a matter course that a certain number of acckk-'m were hound tv happen ami that not a gre-deal eotiid ! done r.' -nt it. Since n-'v really believed this it ;; only natural I--- their younger mbm-dimv.-:- should -v-aaic-*>j>mton. - The entire --.fety tv. .ement tkron?1^' our country is still very much in its alia-- j although in the span of a few \ jxvii! probably be accepted universally true value, the interest shown in it by some industries is still lukewarm. >! seem to me, then, to be the duty u$ believcrs to make as loud a noise as p gtle in behalf of the safety work. Just j product is marketed, the same princi; ^salesmanship must be employed in scii the safety program to management. As sc pianagcmcnt js sold, the accidcnt-prev non program will pass its probatiom iuge. *or '* have secured cxecut sanction. How can we go about this salcsmansh. When it is suggested to an employer t; m Spend more lime in developing a safe program in his plant he is naturally gob to ask: "How do I know that it will pay for after all, an actual investment will ha to be made in time and in money, and 1 irill want some assurance that his compa: nd his employees will receive dividends. ; The best answer that I know of is fro the experience oi others and a iair te of such a program in his own plant. '-The primary consideration is, of cours item a humane standpoint. It is not nece- ary to dwell on that, for I am sure the all agree that any effort to prevent ace. dents will prevent suffering and this is mos irortliwiiiie. Consider lor a momem the far-reachim results of an accident. In addition to th- Jttual suffering from injury there is th. injured employee's loss c: earnings to cor. jider. The effects of this do not ccas. when he returns to work, for a family mat 'blit dependents will usually find that lu insurance money, while he is away Iron wrk, is insullicicut to provide tor the regu hf needs of his family, ar.d lie is then per haps forced to obtain credit which must b< hktn care of when his full earnings begin *sain. . From the employer's standpoint a loss L 'ho sustained. If the injured employee i~ 'key man or skilled kdurer in a produc!:on Iinf( [Jig (.-mire work i- retarded or held UP until a suitable sub-maite can be ob-'Wed. This, of course, means decreased deduction am) increased VA-rhead. .Certainly these two re-::i:s of an accident. `:0"c, are important enough to make ai: ^Plover ISljWJI^Kd take m.-tiec if a method .where!/.- Nfc'ir-?.*- accide.m, ^ld be tidiZ-. ODOZU 694 28th National Safety Congress Publicity Committee Chairman--F. A. Pollock, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chi cago, JH. Safely instruction Card Committee Chairman--Thomas Sherry, Potlatch Forests, Inc., Lewiston, Idaho. Statistics Committee Chairman--Will D. Jenkins, British Columbia Lumber & Shingle Manufacturers Assn., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Trade Association Cooperation Committee Chairman--D. J. Murray, The Huber Manu facturing Co., Marion, Ohio. Members at Large-- *R. C Barr, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., San Francisco, Caltt. *F. \V. Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wist" * R. F. Caldwell, Moore' &'Merklein, Inc., Shreveport, La. "E. Ross Farra, Grand Rapids Safety Council, Grand Rapids, Mich. Harry Gun-bert, Tlte Pullman Co., Chicago, III. Roland Jones, The Surty Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111. Harry J. Kelley, American Seating Co., Grand Rapids, Midi. */. H. Lee, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Rockford, 111. Walter S. Paine, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hartford.Coun. *J. A. Purdy, Michigan Mutual Liability Co., Detroit. Mich. *G. E. Sanford, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N'. Y. *H. E. Seely, The Brunswick-Balkc Collendcr Co., Chicago, III. `Past Gstwral Chairman MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 Tlte fir-: session of the Wood Products Section -..as called to order by General Chairman J. H. Lee, Safety Engineer, Lib-' vrty Mutual Insurance Company, Rockford, 111., who -resided. In his opening remarks, Chairman Lee sketched some of the activi* tics of the Section during the past year, paid tribute to the Sectional Committees for their work, and then introduced the first speaker. Health Hazards in the Woodworking Industry By R. R. SAYERS Senior Surgeon, Division of Industrial Hygiene, National Institute of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C, In 1935 there were 579,012 workers in the United States employed in industries in which-wflod in-so-me form is the princi pal material. Of this number 283,309 were employed in the basic industries and 133,772 in :fie furniture and related in dustries. The remainder were in woodreworking industries, wooden-container industries, and other allied industries. Only limited data as to absenteeism due to all illness or to occupational diseases arc available. However, in a survey of 1,487,224 workers employed in 16 indus try groups in 16 states the data given in the accompanying table showing exposures were obtained for the lumber and furniture industry. The table shows that dusts and the chemicals involved in finishing and pre serving wood constitute the major expo sures which may cause illness or ',n* toward symptoms. Dust Many gejaiijxsS& in tft$f?v*oocT (saatwAfitniRgr*, drilling 1^ V M; Number 1. Orgs 2. Silica 3. Derr 4. Petre 5. Lac<j: 6. Orga: 7. Other 8. Silica 9. Carbe 10. Paint: sanding, r give rise t Smith, irelationshi disease, st: to conditii trade of v increased Although to whether for an incr among n-c agreement enough cor. irritation c The possib that this ty; of the tube tory tract, is no conclu dust is the dence of tu tory infectic Wore e-Ytens tion than ha.to be warrau The occur inhalation of mentioned, tarried out ; ?ratory stud; m the Upper symptoms w*tic. Thes they came i: `tuple logs '< fhe dust prt ungus idem E* tiixl fill' condition ooc;ai5 wgwwtL mmn'.LM1' i,i*i ss JPcod Products Section <595 s Mutual Casually Co., Q,;. .kky. Potlatch Forest;;, I,,c 'olumbia Lumber Slung!t Mcrkay, The Huber Mann. -Co, Calif. N Midi. Ml. ION -Vcetchci) some of the activilion during the past year, the Sectional Committees and then iutrcKhiccd the first Industry Institute of Health, O.C. states the data given in table showing exposures the lumber and furniture .vs that dusts and the d in finishing and preistitute the major expo- cause illness or unDust in the wood industry boring, drilling, belt- percent of Workers in the Lumber and Furniture Industries Exposed to Specified Materials Materials Workers Exposed ^Cumber of workers surveyed 93,375 1. Organic dust ................................... 51.8 2. Silica dust ......................................... 3_ Dermatitis producers .................... 4. petroleum products ...................... 5. Lacquer and varnish ...................... 5.7 5.3 5.0 3.7 6. Organic solvents ............................. 3.0 7. Other metals ................................... 32 8. Silicate dust ..................................... 2.8 9. Carbon monoxide ........................... 2.2 10. Paints and enamels ......................... 2.1 sanding, removal and utilization of waste) give rise to wood dust. Smith, in reviewing the literature on the relationship of wood dust to respiratory disease, states that on the whole exposure to conditions of work incidental to the trade of woodworking carries with it an increased risk from respiratory disease. Although there may be disagreement as to whether wood dust per se is responsible for an increased incidence of tuberculosis among woodworkers there is general agreement that organic dust in high enough concentrations may produce some irritation of the upper respiratory tract. The possibility lias also been suggested that this type of dust'may act as a carrier of the tubercle bacillus into the respira tory tract. In view of the fact that there is no conclusive evidence that pure wood dust is the cause of the increased inci dence of tuberculosis and other respira tory infections among wood workers a more extensive investigation of the ques tion than has yet been made would appear to be warranted. The occurrence oi asthma due to the inhalation of fungus spores should also be ' mentioned.' 'Towey, Sweany and Huron carried out a clinical, roentgen and lab oratory study on a series of 35 patients in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The symptoms were acute and typically asth matic. These men were working where they came into contact with dust from maple logs cut for more than a year. The dust proved to be the spores of a fungus identified as Comosporuin corticale E-sad-E*'**!!! the authors' opfriionj' the condition was due to a local toxic effect and foreign body reaction, combined with a delayed effect resembling protein sensitization in its clinical and certain immunologic effects. The authors recom mended preventive measures which in clude the removal of affected patients from the environment of the spores as soon as they are detected, or exhaust ven tilation of the saws during the working process. Poisonous Woods. The fact that con tact with certain woods and their dusts may produce an irritation of the skin, mu cous membranes or symptoms of general poisoning is well recognized. The major ity of cases of dermatitis and toxic symtoms from wood occur in those whose work brings them in contact with the dust and sawdust derived from these woods. However, eruptions have occurred from other types of contact such as proximity to the tree alone or while handling the wood in any way. Woods of tropical origin are the more common offenders. However, the wood of numerous trees native to temperate climates has also been found to produce irritation. Among them are: birch, Cali fornia sequoia, chestnut, hemlock spruce, Norway spruce, Japanese Tagavasan, cocobolo, Brazilian walnut, blackwood, satinwood, sabicu, mahogany, teakwood, ebony, boxwood, yew wood, red cedar, oak, and beech. Few figures are available as to the in cidence of dermatitis from contact with woods. Schwartz found dermatitis re sulting from the dust of Brazilian walnut in 11 of 100 workers in a cabinet-making plant. He communicated with other firms using the wood, and 9 of 10 reported in stances of eruptions apparently attribu table to the Brazilian walnut, the number of workers affected in the different fac tories varying from one or two to a ma jority. One firm reported that it had discontinued the use of the wood because of the large number of workers affected. It is obvious, however, from the relative irequenev of reports dealing with such woods as satinwood, that sensitivity oc curs frequently with some, while the infrequent or single mention of other woods indicates that reactions to them are exception The precis---'t-.i the..toxic effect of ... I;- m j. - safest * '/{J. ?< m mmzm 696 28th National Safety Congress woods has not been accurately deter mined. Some authorities believe that the toxic agents are free unsaturated acids: others, that they are resinous oils and alkaloids. Other types of chemicals are responsible in some cases. The toxicity frequently varies with the habitat and in many varieties of wood, from one tree to another. Thus, it is re ported that cocobolo wood from Panama can produce dermatitis, while that from Nicaragua appears to be harmless. The variation in toxicity from one tree to another is particularly marked in the. case of satinwood. -- The majority of woods are most toxic when freshly cut but a tew become in creasingly harmful as they age. Thus cases of dermatitis have been reported in persons who had sat on branches of the rengas which had been cut and dried for months. The use oi this wood for the manufacture of furniture has practically ceased because of the production of symp toms by furniture which has been in use for years. Local or general symptoms of poison ing usually appear within a few hours, days, or weeks following contact with an irritant wood. However, cases have been reported in which workers after years of immunity to a toxic wood have become susceptible to irritation by the material. In the case of some woods, tolerance may be established, but as a rule, sensitivity once established is persistent. In general, the eruptions present the usual picture of dermatitis venenata although a number of variations occur. Perspiration and seborrhea apparently increase the noxious action of practically all woods. The af fection is considered by most observers to be allergic. Patch tests with moist sawdust are usually sufficient to establish the diag nosis in cases of suspected wood der matitis. Paints, Lacquers, Varnishes The, paints,. Jacqucrs. varnishes and 'stains employed in the finishing of furni ture and other wooden articles constitute a second major health hazard. Chromates and bichromates which are used for staining and in polishing wooden articles favor the development of ulcers on the hands and feet, of conjunctivitis, and dermatitis. Although perforation of the nasal septum has been reported, it is infrequent. Prolonged work with stains containing methyl alcohol may cause optic neuritis. "Polishers' itch", an eczematous condition of the hands and arms, is common among wood polishers, the causative agent being either petroleum, shellac dissolved in wood alcohol, or in alcohol denatured with pyridine bases. The use of the spray gun and dip tank for the application of paints and lacquers has largely replaced the hand brush in industry in painting operations. The adoption of these methods has resulted in a change in working conditions with re sultant hazards of two types: those relat ing to toxicity and those relating to flammability. The substitution of harmless pigments for toxic pigments has rendered many paints much less poisonous. Turpentine and benzol have been displaced by other solvents in many paints during the past 15 years. A few years ago lacquers displaced paints in many finishing operations. The ordinary lacquer contains several basic ingredients such as nitrocellulose, solvents and diluents, gums or resins, softeners or plasticisers, and pigments. The volatile ingredients constitute about 75 percent by weight of an average lacquer. The evaporation of the volatile fraction constitutes the major occupational disease hazard m the use of lacquer, although the vehicle, pigment and resinous compounds cannot be entirely eliminated from con sideration as possible offenders inasmuch as the toxic properties of many of them are unknown. Among the pigments which may be toxic arc those yellows, greens and oranges which contain lead chromate, the aniline derivatives and possibly those con taining cadmium, antimony and barium. Over 100 solvents are used in the lac quer industry alone. (IS). Some of the more important solvents are the esters, such as the acetic acid esters of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohol, and the ethers which include the alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. The effect of alcohol, ther and massive doses (in excess of 1,000 m.) of the ester soivents is ntainly_ narco irritat on. SCWC`'bfnhcm aree skia* and mucous mem- wm ooimfefv.SP* w Vi ai K crforation of cported, it is ns containing ptic neuritis, ous condition nmon among ; agent being dissolved in matured with and dip tank and lacquers nd brush in rations. The as resulted in :ns with re: those relat- relating - to ess pigments :dercd. many Turpentine ced by other ring the past efs displaced orations. The several basic jlose, solvents , softeners or The volatile 75 percent by 'attic fraction iSonal disease although the ; compounds d from conms inasmuch any of them ;ments which 5. greens and :hromale, the \y those conand barium. J in the lac5ome of the - the esters, vs of methyl, alcohol, and alkyl ethers ct of alcohol, in excess of mts is mainly hem are also .ucous mem- Wood Products Section 697 $ Vbranes. There is need of investigation to 1-determine the effects of prolonged expo sure and the maximum sa/e concentra tion for many of these compounds. The important diluents (thinners) are the hydrocarbons which include benzol, toluol, .v'xylol, naphtha, and the alcohols (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols and v cyclohexanol). Air concentrations of ^'greater than 50-75 p.p.m. of benzol and ? 100 p.p.m. of toluol or xylol may produce h serious damage to the blood-forming or/ gans of the body. The International Labour Office regards, a concentration of "100 p.p.m. of methyl alcohol as the Vthreshhold of toxicity. However, concen trations of 200 p.p.m. in a New York fac tory were observed to give rise to com paratively slight intoxication in the per, sonnel. Butyl, alcohol in concentrations of 100 p.p.m. is reported to cause dam> age to the blood, liver and kidneys of experimental animals. The other alcohols > are probably not very toxic in ordinary usage. The most important route of absorption i of volatile substances is through the lungs 'and consequently it is essential to keep - the concentration of vapors in the atmos phere to be breathed at a minimum. Al though some of the vapors have but little toxic action, any volatile material may produce narcosis or asphyxia if present in sufficiently high concentrations. The practice of some lacquer workers of in discriminately using solvents to cleanse their hands should be discouraged since absorption through the skin may produce serious systemic damage and since the cracking of the skin which results from the removal of the fats and oils from the skin of the hands and forearms pro%*ides openings through which infection may-be established. The volatile materials present in lacquer constitute the principal fire hazard as well as tiie major health hazard although nitrocellulose adds another inflammable element. Wood Preservatives Persons engaged in the impregnation of wood--c*i?e purpose of rendering it weather-proof, water-proof, fire-repellent, and resistant to fungi may suffer from vesicular and other skin eruptions due to the chemicals employed. Eczema of the skin and catarrhal conditions of the mu cous membranes of the head arc fairly common. Creosote which is used for the preserva tion of wood to be used for outdoor con struction purposes is a primary skin irritant and may also result in the develop ment of occupational coal tar photosen sitivity. Although the creosoting process has largely replaced the use of chromated zinc chloride in the preservation of wood to be used outdoors, the latter is still used for wood intended for indoor construction. McCord and Kilker examined 17 workers employed in a wood preserving industry and found that of the four types of skin lesions presented, three were well known as Incident to work in tar. Zinc chloride burns were the fourth type of lesion and were present in all patients, occurring on the fingers, hands, forearms, and occasion ally on the legs and thighs. In determining the causes of the lesions it was found that the strength of the zinc chloride solution in the treatment fluids was too dilute to produce skin lesions. However, during the period when the ties were left in the open air, following their removal from the treatment cylinder, evaporation of the water from the zinc chloride solution occurred so that the ties when handled in loading were sometimes covered with treating fluid in which the zinc chloride approximated saturation. Additional factors to be considered with respect to zinc chloride burns arc: (1) antecedent injury to the skin appears to be necessary; (2) after the initial lesion, re peated exposure to the zinc chloride solu tion and irritation from the tar fraction of the treating solution are factors in the severity and progress of the lesion. Experimental studies have shown that approximately one percent mixtures of phenvldichlorarsine in medium or heavy petroleum distillates are efficient wood preservatives. Although these mixtures have not yet received commercial use it should be kept in mind that tests have shown that marked initial vesiculation may occur in certain persons exposed to the action of ohen^dry^^rarsine. PentachIorphcnol^Rif?^etrachlorphenol arc also used as \'0^w^ervativgs. In addition to being jJSfcijggr skin iiTitants By,M.-.VW7V-'. 0002 A? 698 2Sth National Safety Cunorcss they may also be absorbed through the skin in sufficient amounts to cause sys temic poisoning. Other chemicals which are used for im pregnating wood include dinitrophenol, aniline, potassium bichromate, fluorine compounds and mercuric compounds. Ac cording to the literature, each of these chemicals possesses toxic properties when absorbed in sufficient quantity into the body. Ultimately, only careful medical examination in conjunction with the study of types and amounts of exposure will es tablish their importance as health hazards. finpiuecrtHg Control. The basic prin ciple in dealing with a dust, gas or fume hazard is control at the point of origin, thus preventing dissemination into the at mosphere. Sometimes a process can be enclosed or isolated completely in a sealed room or compartment, but frequently theexhaust ventilation method is preferable. Water may be used to prevent the dis persal of dust and under certain condi tions it may be advisable to combine the use of water with exhaust ventilation. Proper design, installation and mainte nance of any mechanical device is essential if protection is to be adequate. Individual types of respiratory protec tive devices such as masks or respirators should he used only where exposure is in termittent or brief, or where some unusual condition makes a more adequate control method impracticable. In the case of materials producing ex ternal irritation, auxiliary protective meas ures may include the use of protective 'ft* clothing, gloves, goggles and aprons, as " well as protective salves, ointments or other compounds to delay or diminish the irritant action. General rules for hygiene and good housekeeping should also be ob-' served. v; Safety education and the proper main tenance of equipment and safety devices are the important factors. . Medical Control.- Medical control, through preemployment and periodic physical exam ination, is one of the most important factors in the prevention of industrial injuries and illness. The preemployment examination serves to determine the employee's physical and mental fitness for work. The purpose of such examinations is not to eliminate or exclude an employee, but rather to direct his placement in work for which he is physically suited. The practice of preem ployment examinations should also be ex tended to include executives and officials. The purpose of periodic examinations is to secure and maintain physical fitness. Defects and disabilities which were not observed at the time of employment may be discovered on reexamination. In such cases, an occupational adjustment should be made to provide continued employment and remove the risk of permanent injury. Reexamination of employees also serves as a check on the efficacy of the engineer ing control methods already instituted, or as a measure of the need for new pro tective devices. The frequency of exami nations should be determined by the medi cal director unless specified by law. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 18, 1939 Use and Abuse of Circular Saws and Their Relation to Safety By ALBERT L. UHL Sales Engineer, Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Tacony, Philadelphia, Pa. Circular wood-cutting saws are divided into four classes, namely: cross-cut, rip, combination, and grooving. Each of these saws lias its own use in the wood-working industry. Circular cross-cut saws are manufactured in several patterns of teeth and on many smyepaffs of teeth. Each one has certain (k^tfr^Crk to do. but in all classes the be bcvEFfilcd to best save the In non cutting and the r throughraker or is left that this best rt^i should V sections hardwov slower t; raker sections c soft vroo1 j'j inch s- In add tion toed bination i " various : tice is t1 pitched a of a rip saw. T::' ripping. < must factoriiy we rccor be less cross cm for rippi- Circuh made fia must be rule, wil face. T clearance is most!, -cutting.tiie teei! spring t; It is crease " capable positive machine manufac 000. ! Safety Exposition i i -- -- \ i Exhibition Hall--A. C. Auditorium i . Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial Safety Equipment i Acme Protection Equipment Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. \ l Gas Masks. 1 American Book Co., New York, N. Y. School Book Publishers. t American Chain & Cable Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. -l i Manufacturers of Wire Rope, Chains and Chain Products. i Amecican-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. i Fire Protection Equipment. i American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. Head and Eye Protection Products. Safety Clothing. t Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. i Safety Goggles and Safety Lenses. Bear Manufacturing Co., Rock Island, 111, Vehicle Inspection and Correction Equipment. Bendix Products Division of Bendix Aviation Corp., South Bend, Ind. Automotive Equipment, Steering Stabilizer, Brake Testing Equipment. Brown Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Men and Women's Safety Shoes. t Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing Co., New York, N. Y. . Safety and Special Purpose Lights ami Lamps. ] R. H. Bu'hrke Co., Chicago, HI. Safety Equipment lor Construction and Maintenance. Burroughs Wellcome & Co., (U.S.A.) Inc., New York, N. Y. First Aid Kits and Medical Equipment. Carbisulphoil Co., Dallas, Texas. Foillc for Burns and Industrial Wounds. H. Childs & Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Industrial Safety Shoes. The Cleveland Overall Co., Cleveland. Ohio. Safe Industrial Work-Clothing and Uniforms. Coffing Hoist Co., Danville, 111. Cofling Hand and Electric Hoists. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tcnawanda, N. Y. Alloy Steel Sling Chains and Safety Hoists. H. S. Cover, South Bend, Ind. Respirators and Rubber Safely Goggles. Craddock-Terry Shoe Corp., Lynchburg, Va. Industrial Safely Shoes. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc.. New York, N. Y. First Aid and Industrial Safety Equipment. C. H. Dockson Co., Detroit, Mich. Head and Eye Protection Equipment. Dugas Engineering Corp., Chicago, 111. Fire Extinguishing Equipment. 715 0 ft t, 710 'Slh .\\:;'u>nul Safely Cunyress E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Delaware. Manufacturers ot Neoprene Synthetic Rubber and Pro-Tck Haml Cream. Eagle-Globe-Royal Indemnity Companies, New York, N. Y. Safety Engineering. Automotive. Boiler and Machinery Service, Casualty (n>ur; Eagle Signal Corp., Moline, 111. Traffic Signals and Controllers. Elliott Service Co., New York, N. Y. Promotion ot Efficiency and Safety, Charles K. Ernst, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Safety Barrel and Drum Handling Equipment. Fairway Laboratories, Inc., St. Louis. Mo. Salt Tablets and Dispensers. Finnell System, Inc., Elkhart, Ind. ------ Electric Floor Maintenance Equipment and Compounds. Franklin Research Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Floor Maintenance Materials. .... ....... -- Harley-Davidson Motor Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Police Motorcycles. Scrvi-Cars ami Accessories. Hoof Products Co., Chicago, 111. Motor Vehicle Speed Control Cxovemors and Brake Eyes. Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Mercurochromc First Aid Antiseptic, Thantis Lozenges. Indian Motocycle Co., Springfield, Mass. Police Motorcycles and Equipment. Industrial Gloves Corp., Danville, III. Industrial Safety Clothing. Industrial Products Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial Safety Equipment. Insto-Gas Corp., Detroit, Mich. Gas Operated Torches and Furnace?. International Chain & Manufacturing Co., York, Pa. Lug-Reinforced Tire Chains. International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Hv-Tcst Safety Shoes. Juvenile Wood Products, Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind. Automobile Safety Scat? tor Children. Kar-Tell Spot-0 Parking Meter Co., Portland, Oregon. Automatic. Car-Mounted Parking Meters. Kent Co., Inc., Rome, N. Y. Electric Floor Scrubbing and Cleaning Equipment. Keystone View Co., Meadville, Pa. Visual Safety Tests. Walter Kidde & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. .. Fire Protection Equipment. The Kimball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. - The Lima Cor i Non-Slip S Lumbermen's Automobile Lyon Metal P: Showenva? The Martindal Stretcher C Masury-Youni Materials i< Thom McAn S Thom McA Medical Sped. The Harge: Metropolitan 1 Life, Hcaitl Milburn Co., I Protective > Mine Safety A Safety App The Morse M; Watchman' The National < Safety Edu National Prod Wire Rope National Safet Posters, P>u | Oakite Produc j Industrial ( , Occupational : Trade Mag j G. H. Packwo[ Safety Har } Panther-Panci I Safety Sok j The Patent Sc : Safety Lad' j Prismo Safety Luminous 1 ! Protectoseal C s Safety Dev Pulmosan Saf' -Industrial 1 !. Pyrene Manui Fire Frotcc ose Manufac Industrial I Ruemelin Mat Welding F: