Document 2jxd9zaGORmNp43wowV2bNJ2r

US00008115 CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................h u m n V I * BACKGROUND ^ r v ^ r ^ n r % T m i n ........................................................................................ 1 A. Introduction .............. . 1 B. Development and Use ofAFFF *1 v'OJvitUVvf 'S.fe . " -/%lij -- ...................... ##**** ( i ***************** *******#******* **2 ! .................................................................... TJ n r, r \mu Bl\ai^fixATL17i rIilJMvillrNiA1TLAALBT/\OJrnr IAvUnuALri., m XI /AACFlS"i iI ya fQtooctSe ?oco?iiViAlJTti7PkIr1r nviJlT? 'r1uotl:i Tr>lvt>Ur\TzLi ilM /auxNr r *u dJrdltUa idUt,tIwUdKt itAa/tiiiIav\r'tl A T agIt 11 _Prnk1<sm Hpltnirinn z B* jTt .. .. .S = T JL ,,, D. X1*a So Iar 11 0X __ FCf ut vYt TI iny fl it ft fn lpf en nt ia M! Mt tia3 lUv yc s lcS **###**#***..*,,*,*,*#****#,*,****#,#.8, 7/ ipo S Ki i10X11 --.BI7Smv nx rrAo fn*mme-m-ja--iIxTjreaxfjiifiiAiutQAQi*l*., , , , , * * * * , * , . . , * * * * # * . * * , /7 1 oSa, I .X.X * 1<iaX| ^_Q_ l | j 1L J ....................................................................................................................................................... Task 1 .4 - Prioritization of Navy/DoD M v :**# ............................................... ... IV. TASK 2 - NEW AGENT DEVELOPMENT 10 {22IJV^*1 i **""TJL.L tiltyailfeJlllliaj -_ J M-ILJl/TL-L_TTl rin1 WJ JLJJfcIli|~| T ijiimj jUf u- g-UMl.liJCMJIL> 11*1 ^ Task 2*3*1 Ivitjdsl 14 XmSKt^uMffi'iia.j ,, JIm1 J Xl.Xa . j1m .a "**13 3g _CTL,uj. mIll".S-C^ --m*m4 vA'*^-,|,jp ,prfi.x....."|.3ms>*****mit`*****aM***i*t*iiM****n*i*n*iM^1JL^T XSSKX*X*pT <M.,.,, , *HZ vtul-, . II1.IU.I. pprCSC*C? iTllli |||i~ I' li. 1 ZippialaQyhSA I<1ni|||, ,,, f> - ****##**,,,******,,,*.**-#*****4 Xjj # TjiqL i i X - rjpnt PprfDimrtipp Mnrlplmo i jc Task 21*5-- E'OVjiroiiiM.sittitel 2 | ^ jSlQyoj. fry3fi1s^XxQ ^^1 j p^ f t ...... 16 |^ 3 Tiusjklr xO. 1x.ofi *-" UrnDmiaickitiAofnt vi UfeOcii'!>le_s*i*sWwlfiilinMm'iorluiv! .......... ...............................1..&............... TloaSo Kl r 1X*1XQ7 _ iTlitltvtlpjflflCil at0/13 lGf a"S-^- a-X. lJCrHj --e, T a o *.1 *.***.******* 1I 7/ Task 2X10 _ .17 B. Tssk 2-2 ""Chemical Fonuulstioos Vflt 12 TA^suslf 7x .x*1. 11Ti t a r"a t i o --y-.D|n _wi,cuaivpiji^a n d v c n-%u.r:o^rnr.wp uprivvey ,*##***#**,.*#*,***,*#*,B*s,***##g,x7Tw T1 oaSp TK* X1 A-X1>1XfUlCOi fltt.U^2V41SyrfpnUjt.l4l-jmx tf|CilIliS*.-.*A*........................./........................Y.... ........................... -*X\X T1aclf 1D3iAUdUMV mg ii/uiRath/ltfpc 1A71l1u1nv miu dcuiilrlfOsfpeitaaniitWe *#*,*..**,**.**##<*,,, vn 1 ESKS x .x * #i M e a s i i r e mi f J x J tJ'Hi li IMI,-niii ni enni. ^i i4 1 6 {|U63H.T1. 'J r i i J /r o iim s u li o . v^irieJBi7wct^*******-*ii.******.*...******..****x % i Tssk 2.2.5 *" Mirk^tplflCic i^ssessmejcit ....>..*21 "Tasi"'2.2.6"-'F&e"Tfiig" .... *21 V. TASK 1 --NFW TECHNOLOGIES A. Task 3.1 - Current Agent State-of-the-Art Fire Testing B. Task 3.2 - Improved Delivery Devices r% d d l l d l t . .. .............................. .................. D. Task 3.4 - Scenario ,22 .23 .24 .24 i US00008116 Ti aoSoKt 1 1 1 r17i1iginUliLt iT/WwvIAr. Pr lrpliolifinrr ......... *7A Task 3,4,2 - Shipboard Systems .................................... ...............................,.M*m24 aidysji. j K ^ r a s u . rjurcxigiiiiiig i\,ci$wUcr v Taaascist.21?i**4?*4*t, oWafuif^ucjaiif jPliUf#5s fo5uijupni/ni'Crrieacaiawtiii oSvjd<Lufcpnmi A~il~ti*ivaiTjiJTuii.LitivpQ ..*'7j*\ Task 3.4,5 ..... ............. .25 E. Txfoldcilkf ^ Sj mjf --iIvWitiutifgiraautiuofii aa ini iul Ri \ cc mu ifpidj iiiatiuc.vu ri ii Ti CeWchMnni ulni u&p%c&a<$, , , . . , , # , , ............... 21 F. Task 3.6 - Develop Near-Term COTS Foam Specification and Revised VI. OUTPUT. Vt IJLIA* Sy tCj j iH.FI...DJ1/I1JH>jFi. x. * ##.* **.** * * * * * * . * v * a>**** VIII. LABORATORY CAPABILITIES A. HAI . NRL, r NAWf,w n D flTHPP PAriT TTTI7C5 1TlAi*. OK`J03'CTTIu?"IDvCJqTkiNT^Iw1T'iZ3<ic3i .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .26 .26 ,,X O ..26 90 7s 70 29 .......................... ........................................................................ . l ^ 1 7 7T IV US00008117 jp-- TU. JT JT A f | t / j^ ,A J tU * % J I Jt f JR* O V* 1VJIiV jU rluI\ A, p n n ? m ryffT ( n n tSoVaI ahtlr p* iJ y ^an inii P J t tun tr.* MJrXLi w "- Ij\ Jrpr mi r x Jiinf l ttJ. U fJ j AaJiy tJ. fJoJrEUm /a2*tMLtX fvtJt& o tJ lo\ J Aawr Pifre n aaLr*lvirl*i n LniliUitroiItIi AFFF is a vital pompGmxA o f Navy and DoD fire p] rotection foi rapid extinguishment of iit>3pool ftrtis whon Pool tirsEl^iis fai^h vaino assots ^sucl) as u sitCriafl lisn^sr^ -- x ooi mm occurs unocr an occi^ isq aircran ^roust mamiam mscia^c- unsgm yW% ^ |i jHt lim.-L ^ 'Lj ' l .' l l Jl gl-ifT -n'X1 1 J-I r mi - nj-n .-,, -, f r -if r . t IIIIII ~n iii m|, /* __ '%q* A - n"u rri. E iliilT if ~ ^ JL~L jP l . J L, -([j- ,mIh.'|' n, m1 r Pool tire exposes ^reapons to potential cookTMoff* (e.g*, aircraft earner flight deck) 7tjF sh ^oc8-t-d--ic.JiI s jjnppo? --..liL -- O-Uv2iuan *sscijoj-i -** m-~m ISSUES Persistent Toxic Secondary effects to air, water, and wastewater streams Aquatic Toxicity Hazardous Air Pollutants v US00008118  No currently available 1;I replacement _ Reduced performance for equal quantities and application rates _ Space, weight, logistics to meet performance equivalent to PJFF EPA "A program to seek, test, and consider long-range alternatives to current APPROACH Three task mens -- Task 1 --Assess uses, inventory, required fire protection performance, appropriate environmental criteria i^rKMTitrssiJus^^s ^^nd ^isfEorts fir^drt decks) sag- ___ -1r1 -,5,,8 I WO--r u KjKU eliOrt4W1 T i u _ I % 1 f - f f ? - -- * _ Task 2 - New Agent Development (Mid-to-Lone-Term)^ & ma* jk. * atr r jr a , AJ4JW AA a* ma** am 5 ' lia**jjna *.**,**, B %-A Oitm'ae*' w a r n lir "fe ^fr*mm'mm*jf Physical Diodslin^sc^uiiii t.-...|jj * jj_`yfui~fi"1'\\mt a, Taelr %-- TMlntAlnm/ T"^tfi>nnfni>ni (Q -- 1 & & <> i ^ U V a i i w C U . 3. c W i l l U i w g j U C V m y p i l l C u l ,,lufi/f.Tprm*"1 tu -iv u " 1 v im ) T a s k 1 -Jt WwHfc, M, A S S E S S M E N TVJLJLijL" M- A w N, MD, FMl R O RW v T R. Ml \ j ? T 7 ,A TJLTO N Objective - Outline rationale plan with priorities to replace AFFF Identify uses and required fire performance o f agent based on ORDs vi US00008119 US00008120 Task 3 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT US00008121 A, Introduction 112Cu<s extineuishine flammable liauid fires Within the Navv and DoD. it is esneeiallv critical for fire ihjteirtssijied. hydrocarbon surfactants, solvents (e.g., glycol ether), and other minor additives plus water. AFFF to violate environmental laws. adapted to these restrictions with modified or improved equipment, techniques and procedures ^aiocii in aorae cases ax a mgn cosy, meceiioy, lie Jivi company, a major supplier 01 \r r r , n ^ 'f'f-tUJ-U m4- TOXTL, T~T--~TOuHJ-T `i ** I-- -IIIn-n-| - .-- ^ . -_- ''4 \ - - J. ^ J-1 iit M a-|- . , m|| Wy ^ .y , ^ j~, l | S ,, ^||, j t ~|" 1= w_ ,...,, aarrimrmotiun/iicfeiuii iiftsc vvAoilitfmfltisatriiyr pn lniaaesiek .Aouiitt Ao-rf ipwrvo)uTuiActiiiAorn\ rovxF /AaWtrPrP. Tmhie ifilunOAirOn rviiatitu4Ov iBn setixirof a,o^ ftiiFhti iInn iubxt&eiirr AFFF degrades to perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS). PFOS has been identified by EPA as environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to aquatic life and animals (the degree Y8H6S oy spccicsj. %s a rs^stiit?tucy may do cii83^ct6fizu as r u i (jpsrsisusiitj oioeccuiiiumuvo5 and toxic). On October 18,2000, the EPA proposed a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) under "Section'5(a)(2)"ftie Toxic-Substances-Control-Act(TSGA);.The-SNUR-'would-reqiiire manufacturers and importers to notify the EPA at least 90 days prior to commencing with the manufacture or import o f the fluorosurfactants that 3M has voluntarily agreed to no longer fluorosurfactants; EPA is currently evaluating other AFFFs to determine if the by-products US00008122 e_ xhib*Ait_c1i_harac*teri--sjLti ics s--i*m. -- t1ia---r- toJL--, J11rtbJ1jtT J\ v. In aTau_. jmL re--c--e.-.--nA.t prcsJ.o^ ntEi-1ioJ.JnJ, to tfic4.1%.?*. u o uf A.*, |'"% Jrire|_Jmmajm, hahndJ Jb n id ^ E cyT'1tim 7 --n. .-,. -. . -n m-nrT SOie?Ir. vV1iWc2e2sS W Uorlka gg rl voiui pp; tUhLKeS7 JEGrPJTJATk lnlvol tIeCdu tUhlaa kt Hnou nl l-PJTFXTOv uS bva*s&evdv. -AT iFl 1FiF Jppriov dv Uucv tt sa MmWalyjf be aHected by nv ini govniiUtiDg F P AJ_>1 jrTk irVevf IiWewW *sS and mav bl / ev s auv hi - yieV cV tl tol-vr iflul ityut rVe 4reV cg Vuiltai ttVoi Jrvr actionsi a v U m I I iJ E P A nested that asubJw A . JTk i l i * g g % |a i - w U i w l ** A preliminary review of the issues was conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Technology Center for Safety and Survivability [I|, This meeting, cosponsored by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command CNAVFAC) and the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), was intended to assist NAVFAC in the development o f a DoD design policy for environmental im pact This policy and supporting documentation has been drafted [2]. The meeting also was used to obtain M1 ilA mCj and Development Plan has been completed [3,4], The environmental issues associated with course o f action for resolving the issue. B, AFFF was jointly developed by the 3M Company ad the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [5] as an improvement to protein foam. AFFFs are synthetically formed by combining with water. the resultiiic solution achieves the oBtMyin surface and interfocial tenMinn characteristics needed to pJr roduce a film,***h*.j whic*h** w *i*l*l spread, - j - *,* * across a hydrocarbon</ **'*<*-. fue*l. Th* e foamw w k * * produced from this agent extinguishes fuel fires in the same watar-coolmg and vapor**excluding fashionasother1'foams(s *gprotein or fluoroprotcw foam)..Hoivvet^.the solutionvduohresults from normal drainage or foam breakdown w il quickly produce an a q o * "film" which spreads rapidly and is highly stable on the liquid hydrocarbon fuel surface. It Is this film formation cnamcimstic tnat is tne signi isiuiie ox A rrrS .-'I ^ ml,Jk - "a * . ~8f - .. X - T * .. ,, *s -..s-- _ S - \ -- -- ---.a. S T ^. -- .6------ --. __ SftT* taS O T__1. _f'V_--, 2 US00008123 . The current MIL SPEC, MIL-F-24385F, includes fire performance, bumback, environmental (BOD/COD and fish toxicity) and quality control requirements 17], Vendors are required to report fluorine'tnntniITTiiltitniiE AAAfAA AA '*t`*`* A -- 3 "ftp *** A 11 if j,. 'WAAA****A A " =* S r JB w ***mW*e*** **' A-" '- " P ^ ^g; "ft*8" -- W*** Mk ******** ** P *** content, there are no minimum or maximum quantities specified, flie current custodian of the... JL, ...*.M -- - .-. f * .. ..- - - ^ m--n -i I--I n[f-m-------- -rn - i _ . a. m & t **. * J * f T<L* . .-Hn -r-irirmiT .-, -in -f- < , . T n 4 ^ _ t , _ . il- _ M1*11i1l#qO'*p-Lpj\rs 1I2c>MA'tJAHkVVQOCJjAii rrwiift vrJmJLi m ay on air-canable shim is reliant on the suu*o* re1ssion eaoabilit-v*#o f AFFF. AFFF sy* stem*****s**h**>a+v*e b***e**en* cook-off [9,10]. .^ ." clisdiiirge tfas sgsu't using tnoii'itSiTjsspirstm^ xju.ijpiiQ1^TQ3l* Xlus jsiII.o'^vs ilfausojf "" f* Anc m * nAif^jFr iP wd Mlni utiiAi v ni i tvnipii!1v MH3s%ic iai iiunww ,i J ^ |jy * ^ Cl air aspirating discharge technique has been used advantageously to increase the spray reach of and turrets, compared to protein foam. Combined with the sufficiently to float it on the fuel surface. Aerated foam does not spread well d must be ......Nacvy''ain3ak''Catxkir''flight''deckS'and'''We^oiiS''M*gigg-**fs#'rciy..Qirfluahdeck andrdeck clgnoivair uspuTEtiiiig uosdSf Tij of"AFFF throujgli uoit*8ur uspimtiug nozziss i ns leonratjue is not iimitcui to me iNstvy iiiiuc, in u#$is wQu oy xor m s Air rorcsjrl "'!*, 4mr%%v%%&%%%& tm *%/%# 1 ucigq inkjl ud# 1 h i I v i f l r t r t r 1 #*** i n 4 < a ci4 ci n r ^ n / ^ h i irrf 'jS i/4 t i n T V T 'D T fr**-#* "t* a T ! G A # C V v *1!>%a US00008124 rescue compares to air-aspirated devices |lzj Also,, tests oy tte UbAr dernotistratea trat A r r r ironi,, _ _ ___ a Jl ^1 te .^. f 1 ^*^*1 A i . a . *m.rA 1&.* e jt-^ ,-., Y T-C^I A X ? ,Af r - -- .*, & ,f~. #-n.-. m.-- *-. JS -.X. a A V 7 Y ? 1E'? f--. ------ Where overhead AFFF sprinklers are currently specified in DoD hangars, non-air aspirating sprinklers *e is aviation community. The National Fire Protection Association (NFP) Standard on Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Services at Airports (NFPA 403) [14] references the MIL SPEC where agent is required- TMs results in larger or greater numbers of CFR. vehicles. ' methods may be used. For example, the petrochemical and marine industriesi bcenerallv. reference f F,ifjtiid Concentrates [15] or a similar standard. C* l ^ i * I* iID Jc C iiV C environmentally acceptable alternatives to AFFF for flammable liquid firefighting. H is R&D plan provides a ... - I 'u. 4 , inJ | | n f ... ... 4 J ... . - ~m11 r m-j-lj . J-Il t HUKL'tW. hi if t n J V COuCcptUflJ, p iu ll Of Q ; W liH S u p p o r u ilgom uu lcIcrSiiC>, tr-e OS--__ --_ At o G cYciOp11 -_-- , - "t , _ i c p i11a v v u l cinii, ni. _ LiiliI| S- l o. rj . AA rT"x? * J1-pX 7r A .A mtB m approach is presented to address near, mid, and long term goals. This allows RAD flexibility to respond to near-term opportunities while pursuing a long-term goal of developing an environmentally fiiendly firefighting foam. The emphasis of tins jR^TJ plan is on biavy fire 4 US00008125 II, GENERAL TECHNICAL APPROACH A wO`|*|M.tht6Coiiic3l approsteli is proposcci w^vciop stiwfiiEuvcs New A^cntto A ,, .. -tl j _ 1_ '|. ? _ ,, I .............--... ._ 1- .a*. ... , -- ^ - J 4 a I a v m I a m . - M - yt --i 4-ni--r - - i "MTj^-mw * A j?wtt.nma.S' Development and New Technologies Development Prior to i thfif would be i task-planning phase (Task 1) that would produce a roadmap for the research. This AFFF as it is used by Navy activities. Subsequently, individual development plans, revised Tf% H* I * 1 A i t t ifs-~ --1 _ ' I |-| _-|t &u -n _- I UIUIf A S \ ny-t T J"ft j || 1 1 r i. .T |ir Jr ^ IffllTlI |JL~tt jTj 4 4* f'l g---g g |fl I, ||| l.||"||| i|--n |-Q[it" l^C&IJ1pidll3r V^tjUs UpOctiCk Ol Ulli) dliU w I CWilIulUgj1 I lali&IUUil * JLCU.1WUUIU UC3JpiCjp*X* Under the general task s e a New Agent Devdopment (Task 2), novel chemical and Alt6imtiv@lyj other surface"tension reducing technologies vviil be investigated Ooaciin&ut vnth HICI jiot iisli^sd i and chemical/physicsl fbrcnulations and techniques At the very leasts this effort should result in bench-scale methods that comdate with M -scale results. These bench-scale methods could then scale tests currently required. The New Agent Development approach represents a moderate-lo-high technical risk and will require a mid-to-laag term (3-6 year) effort To reduce the technical risk, there will be a parallel effort to develop New/Advanced Technologies (Task 3), In this effort, it is assumed that <**tciuduv Qoinmeroiai-oii-mc-siieii xoj ogviiia ajiu/or uiuiiwuiv wm ucvvinsi sYiiiLuoic m%2e%<14, e*<3,'ttr<a *>f \ yii j * 1< ju , + f i t f/ A( U' (v .1n RI M\ ! V i n . t Zl /'v#* * 1 t u t *I *f 1 t%% #8 a v ici t ai n -rf t Ijo ipw% fie near term (1-3 years) fiat can be used to meet fie operational requirements of certain Navy iino jjcijj users ana annixcations oincc incrs is no kimiwh on^iof-onc Eisni systems to use available foams. In this task, new delivery systems, equipment, and devices will US00008126 on lEClUdCu Ul tlS t&SKVoll DtfliS m T1,AA S3 IBC, 1JL- ASS1SSM FNATJL vOJTF T* MH E PROBLEM ANDJLMmX P jOJUJE*iJfcA l i i / *PmMOv lRU IT1 OV RA IUZIAA T1 I* OV Ni i The NAS and Development Plan [3,4] summarized a strategy for identifying an AFFF replacement. The NAS recommended that: 1. mT, m n b t /v *mnii 6 n v iro n fll6 E te l u tr e sh filn^"s5' 2. ffiiMmce be developed on the defimtioi 4 3. Short find lon temt goals be established; 4. 5. use uses; and .6 Y * i mr dischareoe& mto the viioiMiit tew - i tei i te-r , ~ mill, te M A v A I m f A1 T lta g f l ol/'o ft.te te ft Prttififttti te te ft ft ft -te -- ftteftte . fn ir ir ir tn i n i t i a l l?Jcl'Tll P r m f t e ^ ^J ^^^^ ^l'8 This task would involve the characterization o f the Navy inventory, quantities, . f. i.n.nJfMSpSMmWttr.aiUitiUnInla j ..aEli-lr,iUrl..W.JM Aafflli.lflUtMU 5 o..M fi A..O FFFl ...1 ...1 3tiItUn1r6p3s. 1T.1t w..I1m. U imMu d...a le 3n&J...Jinilwfll.liAid.Afiftc...iMKipW*...tAwJf.i|FJ W<*3j...Mn fl .. *h.UgOifes ...aUtt1AdI*)....aiMlrMrr.iiiijrj,. A similar approach was used in the initial assessment of halon alternatives. US00008127 38 ^jlPfi.s!c J j^gjp |l j^iijiljyiiJjfi J ^ ilJ2 -,,.SM k s ^ s t sS s ^ M . , friendly" so that researchers working on long-term soluttons to the problem have appropriate goals/measures o f performance. The definition would be cast both in terns of current and anticipated regulations. The definition will consider, persistence, biodegradabtlrty (e.g., facilities. The NAS, the Development Plan, and a recent regulatory review p j will serre as the-*-- ... ? 1 ~A - ==^, ' 'fe "j'&_ - Afe T A A i iS-H-. -- V "*, _ 1 ^ ------- rt. * A> i l A ^ - ,. _j[ ,, . ----- ---- ^ te 1 _te ^a. A ^ __ *_,==^ _ r ^ f " l _ . * l ^ _=u --u . ---- ------------ ,,= Ate rfte Additionally, the regulatory environment will be monitored. Newly released data will be Prioritization o f RAD tasks Based on the definitions developed m Task 1.2.1, criteria will be develoned that can be anticipated regulatory environment. Test and measurement work may be required to fully develop these criteria; this would be performed in a Task 2 work area as described in Section IV. P^C I requirements lu riis v y oQipSj psnj,ci*iHny rcisicd. to ins uiuiufiii i>uoiisim iuC ? 1 * jn i* #%1 . n-te amm-m, * *m*~ t. J . M\ 4-j-ij JF l`t.wt *W T dkH fit j pT-i S m:`l E-l ]-i n .r f | 1. 1 jj .m i l 4, r i i f l l n f J j l A _ _ * 1 . . f * f * . .f * V | 1* - It FIJtifoWp |^ifl-*i*g*yCp0j|afiaiMti flU.w4tJ<il'''ft' 'TMT^'CS\3mWiii1l1l''fU*yG'''WIISiW|lp%.f wGyt iMftl"CfCIUpiUmgCMIwIWitsifMWljJpvwl#it1IV|4l1t1p*.f741%1*.......... US00008128 C T- --TswTMlt t %_.F-^t. aM-- m &k*lmi Goals qmA& Stf&jr*i 4 .tsv This task will be use# to develop short, medium and long te rn goals and !considered tt D r-*ASjtmJL*j wa.jjE*jESJJ^ISr*jw*Sisf_i_l*_AjiAi jff t,*'M i a # ! ta transfer priorities. In some situations, there may be an Operational Requirements Document assess priorities* . a nrst oiucr appro/unMiiuE ox pnoniicSj rapici ore vXUuguiMnieiii 01 pool nxes iaas._ ...- miw-# _rnjt A __ f T mi..-1 innlumi inmi j *>... T. _-.. .jg.'f - f * hiiilm`j _'l 11liI if ti j",, - - A i r t j L'L '-^.-ii T | x il lx 0~i - ." -f- ,-jp* nuin.~\ n u l ur -7,----, \ s~\ isiaerea cnxicai wfien* iiin value assets ate ievoivccIj aixuraxt occupoui saiety is a ractor, aiicL, weapons are exposed to potential cook-off. a i^^ihi: value mxi x- j,s_e^oJ| 110. au-t t x Tini ,iuyA*%u**.*1.+* 1a1 ne O z^3^pn^i-y While the use of JP5 and IPS radiant heat exposure that can cause cook-offmay he relatively short (e.g., seconds). The fire order o f one minute as Is currently required. An increase in extinguishment time {e.g, using COTS non-AFFF aeentsl mav result in an increased orobabilitv ofweauons cook-off. This also ............................._ ......#..... J................................... F ........... J .....I I . ........................... assuiues mat nusn ueoK noEzias cixir^iiiiy uscu to uiscuafgc a t r r can De uscu xor uie placement agent; in the near term this is unlikely as all non-AFFFs require air aspirating n__O_ZZIfCS* 8 Similar hazard assessments have been performed for US Navy aircraft hangars [16] and for USAF hush houses [17]. These hazard assessments were used to assess risk of loss, and impact of design changes such as the type of fuel used, ignition sources, detection time, and agent extinguishing effectiveness. These assessment techniques would qualitatively be used in a first order approximation of rank order of prioritization for Navy and DoD assets. A first-cut matrix is provided in Table 1. Table 1. US Navy' Prioritized AFFF Applications (Preliminary) Application Ship - Aircraft Carrier Flight Deck Relative Priority * 1 Ship- Helicopter flight Deck 2 Ship- Aircraft Carrier Hangar Ship- Helicopter Hangar on Large Deck Amphib Ship- Single Helo Hangar on Small Ship Ship- Machinery Spaces Shore- CFR Apparatus Shore-Aircraft Hangar tore- Hot Refueling Stations Shore-Hush Houses, Fuel Farms, Structural Pumpers 2 3 4 3 2 2 2 4 Rationale for Assigned Priority - Weapons cook-off potential - Need for occupant rescue - Greatest potential for immediate multi-plane incident due to crash into pack o f aircraft - Minimal separation distances between A/C, between ordnance items, and between A/C and ordnance - Proximity o f threat area to occupied areas - High value asset - Potential for battle damage - Same as flight deck, but: - Less potential for multi-plane incident - Lower parking density (greater separation distances) - Lesser amounts o f ordnance Same threat as flight deck, but less probability for sudden multi-plane incident and less ordnance Less ordnance relative to aircraft carrier hangar Single aircraft - Minimal ordnance - Negligible life safety threat High value asset, but no ordnance exposure and minimal life safety threat - Need for occupant rescue - Weapon cook-off potential - Concentration of high value assets - Need for occupant rescue - Weapons cook-offthreat - Physically separated assets - Minimal life safety threat * Priority relative to need for rapid pool fire extinguishment 9 US00008130 01 as3t{3iicudd& tpoq ansmd oj jnopitJf pajapfsiioo si | | `3su pHwpQj ij3n{*o}*3|Bi3poiii w pajapsnoo si jnsStit m so . yCjanjuaubjo jnsnKlopAp jujj ooijig qjiqj^ jqj) SOIJSKSJOIUEIJOiIOl}31lp9I nfiisnaj-arrojme gjp jjo jC|SUEJOOop }Hp SJBStilllJO SISOlpuXs cp pusf pinos spjj, 'psjsfpssAiij aq pinos sspjao<mcalw jBOfniaqaoisAmqdy p3J|iivosj sijj apjAOJd m p * . -pvova ju3irasm3mpa = * p s g u ^ n ^ a ppou, snp jo oddns m p=Sn ,, ppam gnjBKlds spas-fping souEiiuojjad niaSs pjpaitl oj ppow p 3 in ip |i# iifjs pne Snjpwdfs mam i jo iusiooi3A3p sin no sama woioiiMi stu i snoijipiiiaoi/sjiaoooo apSussAHi^ " ",n 11,1 " * "" I-~'* w **e _'WV V V J-JI lili H V V * **8Ljg^ v tsaou* V * -V^- f JTV^SW ^V *V^`V - V | V. - V >* v - ^ v - w w-n^p-wa B*V* * .. . . . _ _ . . ______ ___ ... ^ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T i p r l i j T O T / \ ,^ f*T ||S 1 3 itljT I j 'GT I T A i ' t n ^ l I C Y T t j J j T * y y j y y ^ y%T f | \ #y ___ ____ ___ | T A b | f l%pi^%T 3 | \ | T j " || sopspajoEimjo ]BinauraoiiAira pm SuijqSgaig: aqupsp qjoq suiqraoo p ip saApBAuap p o p sq o m u SdtUlSSf! ( SMH311l^lllI ITianilJSillSlIIlCOan i `S'A IK580ldR dAUSIEEdlllB311!T , '^ T ^1 W-X-- x.T-.TB^ j-** w-- 'vg- f: v trmm 3 J ** * ;" * *' ' " " -*- v 1 JJ T *" "1,11 " r 1w * * * f -T'l1"i l,r 3Ldlr\^P dszroiuOfCi^^dd pionB!j,wi!miij|iSji3'ffcjjc5 !|,oii J | JB|ltIS 0ABt| OJ JqSb 3JipfpCPBD 1 JLQJ JBSS9D3II SI [3I1J HOC[I03OJpXlJ MUO JU3I0IJJ303 S o i p i 3 l d s S A I l j l o d m Twp ^ Q U S S l I p B O ld d S S IU ^ 3 p 3 S * |p U B ipAlJIEJ0l S JB p^JjS^J 3I1J 3C| O S p ifetH (ggi *|napijj.ilIip B 3 lIs SpiSOd B IffiOJ iC^ip|I d0S OJp3U3dJ3S 3<JJgjg p|flOM S3JBJJU30U0d BCJ J<3yA0Ui 3S51^j^ BCJtJcBJBCJIIITSlJOi^^2Hj|J 3 1j| S5JB,JEJJLI3'3'l50UJPB0^- ^J^^IXIJOLClJ pus SH31IU31IO 3AOBimiTB iCjunspi o s noBoidd mf% `m m m m i aiOM. saoMOjddi TOusmepimi OMX '[ |] ssA p ro sip dopAsp oj pasa oq jq Sn s jsip ssqoBOiddc jo aiajjip snpjo miaoi * p siiuo jad -MM fM 1 oponpoM no snopoujsai `Bm m sam ijo opadiopTO n j.M O T H A aci u m o r m aw - z s v x a i 1IB1|II0 IS P P I J p n m i T n r a sspiAoid aojoj J|V Jo A M oip 'snopmjfs p p td s u j sjio d ip p pannbM oj i g j y m oj aStwqo y *[il] IJ J V ssn p ia m o sjiodip g u fm i p v 'ipjojf pap p n f qj i p m afdoad oj suopipnoo snopJBzeqjo psuo pus sapn#Ajo annj ssnodssj atp uo pastq si sp jj *na<2<TP JT^I  Task 2.1 Si a8en^s feasible at least in the near term The fluorosurfoctsnts provide the necessary surface tension reduction o f solutions to create a .positive spreading coefficient on hydrocarbon fuels. Yet, research and evaluation o f test data by MRL, Hughes Associates, Inc. (HAI) and the Federal coefficient and fire extineuishment/bumback resistance of firefighting foams 120.211. There is a IiiipJc.of carrelabon fc^twcfcsi c$i3nice!/piiysiciil properties lypicslly m^Busuurcrf fox fosms sud tiro p...e...n__or=m_ ance. maM MA V?OU^ Pi*X ivi cl f3^Tijri 1TC BcLfjjjlOiOgyj OuHBI*lo fVllTjPf*fe*yTl Jty~11ItilTjftfil l r t t * I a . mm9MAmmmb A tlA I r f U l ? * ms jiiii~fr4'f-i- A . M 'A 9 M .M A MM 9 MA " n i irii-#-TiT`t*i-ii*'^ + rt A f r n n f -n f r t f 4 .1 - .- ..^ - -- m t m-ir-n g-ii n i nil .- r T _ r 1 i x - i- i T -f-_ i_ T . t ., 9 , iLi 'll f r u i t i -~l i \ i"%m4i% tiN.jls|r-.igcS: n ig.iis^Va*Luiri.I4n%*iTi1-s1Mfey^-1bm?i y i ckj'%nJif4f*-4iiHginjrf*5i1l4gf*se1*y%tgfirft%p.yi*1*1~.|/jlf l if1iitf"V|i|s"gfi.t.ii11%iSi^itifT?WLfti %.ral fnY|.iil 3j>. 1i*4"n! U l u v31l"fll 4*v%, 4lL43C4fe3S?1 4U^6u4*%a5M4l4 I l Ca. two-and/or three-dimensional hydrocarbon fuel fires. By establishing the governing equations, .parameters,..laqpeffmmBl work can iheh esSBtisfi tie 'ctonelaioh between governing rjjg evaluated. design of appropriate apparatus to measure relevant foam parameters. General Annulations of 11 US00008132 - ; on as ijefriftTidtr*tgo boiling point o f the fiiel, and the fuel vapor pressure will approach atmospheric. The fuel surface is subject to heat flux from both convection and radiation, with radiation dominating. Regardless of the spreading coefficient, a thin layer of water, the film, probably cannot survive on the fuel surface. covering layer o f foam. This intuitively seems reasonable^ if a film alone could extinguish a fire, there would be no need for foam. The foam would onlv* be needed as a reservoir source' and the fi iiilmm wHfortuitWld bcnprriacnaraf iinn an nil crfuimiccrrifiioAiinse amnnAa pe xv fimin mg unicsini tt%o%emfnitr-e, Tn+itos la io w ii, Iotmo wiMeVv Me r', fmka#t e ivteann AAlrjiryir? feeing sdlded, to ^ If foam is ~wx)|jt to sptSEtid. *f.ln? iQie ftiain ctjv^er lbs s Tfcwea, oi*the d^ciisity viseosity ttod, sisdBise tensions thickness o f the foam is a ta c tio n of the mass and density of the foam on the surface and the dec cuverecu m e inssi> ui loaui oil toe sturace is i luiicuoii uiv auuiuQii r&ie, uic loss rsic tnie*m.j***m8r-niiiiid^TL ^ rfv p-I -y. J*S rrn-i j-'-i - C . JHl n .i-n J~~ i i -((-1 , -1 ^ 1 1 1 im4 y 1 i p if ^ XMTuji'ic^U ,'lu Jk). -- f*' 'f %,_ ^I 1 n^ j f S titniL ^ function of the surface area and die heat transfer to the foam surface. The mass of foam loss to drop-through m a functicm of dnutaiiig time foam depth* area* i Tfhs successful development Mid validation of a fii model willj at the leasts * be useful for general foam evaluation. This would represent a significant leap in the technology, which is now reliant on moderate- to full-scale fire testing. Complete development ofthe scientific 12 US00008133 US00008134 in a,, UT 1 Sa AJL YF'1-spo^nsa ored oBIR, ' t i T i i Hi AA !i proposed._ ---- ,== =.=*, 3 the use oMr? aA tJliz r--e extinguishmentA-- -----i- --=--11.~.-- -*-- model----J ^ 1 to |^gg||'|'|~|^ j ^jjpji^^TTl1j| SUlfp yy^0 jjg| predicted the speed of a foam spread (i.e., more rapid-fire extinguishment), but the results were encouraging. N IL , HAI, and NAVA, through the Carrier Deck 25,26] in recognition parameters such as three-dimensional fires and bumback resistance. Tilf ? I O _1 jfi^ viv I jf f^tgoirn^ ir>s .hg -W1<\ \>` mmini.-i......SnSiSSSXnwn.,'..........3 M M i A baseline mechanisms. pK^luifluyciftcyfoim drsiiM ^ results)- jieci Ret- [25]) tof ^SCC*l&ulv -fJP* *IlC ICflfWilfii1VVHi OUUtllCUIU ,, _._ \7* %. _. -ir-rx ' \ ^^ *t* ntm^ J,S -*j V* 1 1 1 , ^ ^ -J, ^ "It modify the agent performance program as required. Results will be correlated with larger-seale 14 US00008135 Air Line 'cam hict Nozzle Foam from /'Generator PAN Load Cell Figure 2 - Proposed small-scale foam spread apparatus 15 US00008136 Hug^n o nT | ^ * __ J** ,,JL.,TM gi ......... ? * iCiiPii L n ic n a-, | je -, 1 .,,I r # |- ^ i inolio x asics x*j. o jn isn s TxStcci oicros^t,1*10s n o antito------- *rwim ^ t8f*w S * **^1*. , *1 -- 1 f&g Fami. ^#9*1. -- - *- a, . - - *- **_ mmaafa.<S .....m-.^ ^ , --d A. . &4&.* tuf ^ ~~ -3aea,ma .%** *1*ata f ^ nuli ,1U1 -,gpamm ja, *t [ -, -., n- -|. n ... _ %t ,-|i 1 | * .__Il4 _~LrL i l j % J; -'j ir-, J ^ i lf ,~~ * A - ,* , 'f . . ^ _!, _j| 1-1, Il |-g fl IIli ~L'l Ifl 1 .^..""1 ~j~f.~k.~l. uyQCII 3uU lIllvfBSw&S^uCMv w S l luviflPQS SIICI Cdllvila WI1JI Oc uv1ciO J/cd 2110, iBClUuvu HI Ulv ovemll p6ifbiBi3iiC6 spproEch (^coiidiicted ffl coiijuiiciioii with Traslt !234^ T....a.s..k...2..X. 6- rrom i 111ori iciuuvu in 1 astcs 4,10t ano. *,j, various siii aiiyfitoiY 7 ., ,-t-g-L- Ie j,,, fa"m',., I,-1,, .. --, jly ^4 , - 4 j f , . ^ ,.v.y j1^ _ <Tj T^| j * j *"j 1 r . ^^ *m j a-iLllbn qiivuiicss ioma ^m_ -T.t,*t,~_ m_~iln .1.--. 4-rm, Ite 6V2U2t@d in new foniiilstious will bs selocted (slso 2^6nts developed under Tasks 2*2*2 sud 223), Task 2.1.7 bench-scale drainage and foam spreading apparatus, .4, 16 US00008137 Task 2.1.9..; Foam formulations that performed favorably in Tasks 2.1.7 and 2.1.8 will be fire tested using a 2.6 sq m (28 sq ft) MIL SPEC test at NRL (see Task 3.1). Task 2.1.10Lge-scale.fire.tests o f the ost..pioiiiisiiig..ageiils will be 'Conducted..asrii|ypf'opri8te ( 12S&j. ij. B. An understanding of foam chemical compositions is essential for evaluating candidate agents. In general, the surfactants used in aqueous foams are long chained compounds which typical AFPF fluorinated surfactant is shown in Figure 3. In this molecule, the perfluorooctyl to group iififflyi*tritts st!ii*tr^io(^jioiiEtiic solutioiHg. toward the air/solution interface. 3S welSlI ns__ nyoropiioDic.r ,S .IJ I 1(1n f___Ttb.J ~1 so thflt tiifiyir However, they do provide greater . US00008138 FF f 1' 1 i - c - c - 111 FFF FFF FF H ch3 I 11 I I 1 i C - c --C " C - C - S O s N ( G H - N - CH I11 1I FFF FF I CHS perfluoroctylsulfommide - N propyltrimethylaniniQtifuiii iodid Figure 3 - Typical PPP surfactant US00008139 early work by Tuve et al. [28]. When a highly expanded, stiff formulation of AFFF was used. _ |IL - inilii~i -"LTiiif .,.'4- \ -J~l.fi. 11I ^j L. I ^ i 2 t ..-II.Il -Il II j J I-| .n ^ -, ^ -j-1j _--[I I", ^ -jr--4f J~,| - -. X H Tt|~ILLrTTb CuaTavivOSili?S* XIJ IOuIIi IvSlSiCU IlWj, uilIla.gC l Uli? ai|Uvyl2d aylUUUll \X11II1^ W<t> SlOW. ratio of eight-to-one and a 25% drainage tune of six minutes appeared to offer 1 l?6St It * % f J i %J> T a flnwsWf1#/\arri mpW^li wniiH * up against0 JL V M A *JliJf l i V f l P U W ' TT * * * ! i- r i V M * * * i y ilC u llv a i'I-11 _-jtji^-11, im that will, over time, release an TOii^ii:n|Ijpn:fjp0 bto ids-tii^ potential jEocpiulfttlons ^ jBjrstwOnl-r terms o f environmental definitions and goals established in Tasks 1.2.1 and 1,2.2. The current i ,i ,|F~j|jSjinitr s%jHn mfuBrai. xiu'fTtt S j.i. %i c i.fi 1* Mn j-t~i.f"Ii tf-it? jn-u if i1p i Cj3 IIJ6 ifE'oTji nj 1e-Lmj-i-ai jan, [iai-l if mrAikXt*'pTE'"Tt*AL C?i4-.-JrI-1i4 eq *p*d*| iPvi jiftsiiotj~icJ.i.-?^ i t J i t/1ii- c^ %%$b ? % itI-"jai -j-^iif P is -*Jj?rj. t ' J^s3* ,w31UgJ*"g'^ss# a%JusL%J%lMvgst5tftk# 1 t j j .$ L *J~~K*- ,*S r"i ?^H| 0*55 rr pTtriE*jT%J'ijr1 ' JT sIta aCa1IT>i*3? 'S ?;Os p i'tm 'tCP f^`%j i^r' These qualitative measures are simply the reduction or US00008140 impacts is- nu,~i nr **. jmJL*w m, sviJf 6n--e--e-d3 un. p- rev,i--oj--u. s worK pertonmeci_ .A iu l _ _ *?-- djJ f ----, - 16jLI- _, TwIPojftJt*' |j&Ay*j* An 6toitA -- .. .P f n -.A. iv_.a_s.._m, ad1_eJto diifs DresfinteQ m ciicEtw tiiat oie ctianse ox solvent could ctfflnse otlierJ .-.. A..--. - - - - -u _ J * ., -1 ? --..-.A. .-. ..J 4.1--_ak 4.1--_ 1-nf-iT --I T I--i --i --J? -- f - A. -- - 1 JJ - --J-- J-- 1 . L - . --.... - ) tsetors- --.... - - 1 ..P... .. J. _ WTV ork sM*3 M l ATAIU? rt WecVeCnI ltUlyJ tAeVstlVeUdl ani i du Qt | UuoallUifii eWd a4jopAmV UdUiWieEt. fJ.oV *r tfchlJVe MHAVA*JL/ SkJPVJ%C^ Q% uUaailAiAfilWedU.. JnpAmV WdluA Vclt*s* A1A*&At ^fO1PTJ Uj ti hl Iat tti Tr*ajlr *i 1 1 X f l o l li- . , I ""* l j i I t d u l l u v I vendor otuveyi'....i--,, nnmr-'"^ .... ft . A review o f the chemical literature o f foam --based fire suppression agents would be performed. Additionally, vendors would be solicited for ideas and potential formulations. Previous work by N R L and Hughes Associates, Inc. has identified potential surfectant co m oin au oiis tuffi iBay o c woiTOy or iixvcs ug&img | poicoiiaui g n /u p is uic.. ijt-tiTLtfe .. j . J 1$ - 4 ^ ,, _ 't_ _ rj~L lii#1 LL'l 1 A" agt-ri ----^ --|4.J! t imjif" T TVT u iicl^lhw e, ri _ 1 . . . n| 1 --_ ^ ' liL behavior may result betaveen fluorosurfactant and organic surfactants, in ch may result in a yn fgpii.lg 'will i{}o o Quioflivj low ar wcigiK suriocmiiisV T - ,, ^ i m oiecuj1 ------ r -, ----1 ,, --1 ------ <&SJ^JL _-|g_T . ----jilT fl IL ir-n-j I-Ti ^| '*jL ---- ^ lltLL - - 'UJ -"X XaXCSl'C IXO'IiMJJ4.MO^ *3- (s. lam yl s ilic ic coMtcliccI with mctlioxy tn^lycol iMin poIycthyld iso xid c sls tlic stihilizsr). _ j. *SA. ,.-- ,, jrii-j-J . l l . 1 J __^3s f aZ itiPil'^TMii _ f -^tTj. l--"-i 20 US00008141 HdJ U1 iu XliIGJ GCJL im prow a jtPiu|,_oroniite* -c ,*3 1o__y_^' prouJ ,i,i~cai iccniumicsj*-.I.....'1., ,,...'a ' j..".- V -tn\ revised. For example, solvents such as butyl carMtol are currently used by some manufacturers Jsfcia_c <si*--TiWw--^JMi?n--r-MO- --iVv4r.Jti-Tiff_iv_R JiiLni*in,uJiRv-a,AY--.. tAtiiif*wi. nJM1*iJU2if'W-*.**r i1utTMt*raAwCr*TitS*tlr*?i. wJa,IyJvvtTTtes?Mf*JTPLi-JWf iv ATtTMinfpeiAv utyjiPt*--c3u%i11/iiiTAifXvYitic_a Jiitc_a iuKa--svi_W^_nJ tjil_yty. iiTlpiiy--#*-^&.iouti,,tvy,,* /w^ fU* nOi vv.oct%ilfiviaisiilirv\riiti. oA 3c InlAUwtpirUl j auiVCiita I nl icarvj UlvCl uAlva lfliffAe Ca UllgluzaAUvMiigtiptnwii.iiduintniioiuli-C P#*I%#ut klv* IiPrwelilll, j^ltnnu^s-ly* chemicals. Ultimately, MIL SPEC. new Production costs o f potential new agents, particularly for vital, high priority Navy and Task 2.2.6 - Fire Testing 2,2 one of several approaches. Jr"r in Task Area 2.1 are available, agents will be assessed using those techniques. Otherwise, 21 US00008142 extinguishment and bumback performance (See Task 3,1 for description o f techniques). V. TASK 3 - NEW TECHNOLOGIES tmw agent. Foam i a Cu^iBCtcriSucs ot protein, losuij.-`I . _ JL ____ 1- ,-fT, I- J ? . ; -t * - jf*,- ll-i_x.-l.n_ A *innton socii mo* nowovcTj xnoiro iiioy oe a, xoci^tiiiwiuouit - ____*jL r r l x ir'i- P 1 j T18* _^ JL.l shji- - J 1 H t m A tf r A a - - t J L n # to aspirate the alternative agent This inherently limits its utility and effectiveness. While aspirated or floating foam can be fielded with current technology, there are significant space, weight, and energy costs associated with providing protection couivElciit to AFFF. In this itaslc ** * * fmf J, & *JW**l.*T**W*ft-S* <l j f_l^f t^j iMr ^QHf llnl u 1ttt_p_gv Y_u\.$g Pv*,,i -fAP,i^tIt..Tf itllu T-J%J fJTjLLMTMV#4*...f%,T /Itif^UlF--vll lTUl f tWH I lIi S T WA=*?f3lASl li *ltOlP,,/ W* TM a t M t# iM J WU IIUC__I*ST___IICl iFg HU^ M tf ^ f irO_5iWTl fW ^^ lV Ji B t IlSrlWS.-.4I^3lFUCL%twJvWi-lCT4iFJ^.!4^Ha CT--M-I,3IfMl . This task area will also support technology transfer for any system/hardware requirements resulting from the development of a new agent in Task 2. -Aok* T1^ rat oS- LKr HJ 11 "*HvTU1-Mf i- r-ae-_ BT L If iAi g C I l#l Ck 3a ia]4a i-i ; * Ojp I * u l 6 *4 i y^ T 117?j IF C rg1% 81111 g ........ As&bsscliii&of'cunnsnipxbExiiaxicC|ftsa$tewillbeconductedof'all'availableAFEfsand moAoirr BwrraononuciicQ#!, ^ernntvni-rmoininroiocvnittaalitiwv uiGMiv assents *tort HuBottEorrrtTnitirywif*i cinrsu,t atovim tsciuioiosv perfoimance. MIL SPEC 2.6 and 4.6 sq m (21 and 50 sq ft) Are testing will be used in this performance up to 929 sq m (10,000 sq ft) [31], The small tests are generally more challenging 22 US00008143 jaul& f ffriffif'i lu g c f t^stSy i.6ij 0, firs i fttiTTi.fiiii.t EppliCEtioii dfiiisity ^l/sc| Tti^gal/sq ilj i --_M 4-f -- i" J'"L T M n- _ J *| T O^ J - _s,, | * | \ ^ A *.. B-|f t jH ? t '' l-T, i ^.*4. Ste* f lJ -to, 44TM -jpj*. ****1 ^ ,,-,, -^JT.-|--m, w l fT .1,jM| r c ( | u i r c i i JLUI ULK? i n Q 4 U U `t . O JJU i n ^ d * (JU S U 111 L v fil J.MH5& A IM S p i U l U t C S <A A dt<U M U 1 & s4|.til.y 1 U I correlating small- and large-scale resultssand assures that successful extinguishment in small scale* Tmkpe, cr-go\wrr-&e1iaqfitirovro*se uescnDeu aaoWovpe aa-rr*ex-Fortrr**mmoA^viiinigft tnifotzTzrilpe" csrc*e#iyntsriirofr&i>ie.ogr.5fv^fpiPi oArf overhead sprinklers, " tests, HAI/NRL used intermediate overhead nozzle testing with a 4.6 sq m (50 sq ft) pan fire as a precursor to large-scale hangar sprinkler tests, with reasonable success [32]. The UL 162 While the correlations between overhead nozzle intermediate-scale tests and large-scale results .Large-scale testing on tne order or vJ-vjy sq m pwvu-itJuiiti sq n j win oe pertormea asT* J-I.mi-C-x --i tel J . - J - -- --^ __ __ J f --nWT -C te TB teML J* 1 1 jm| I S S i i T ^ -fj % | | t|,.f, .-.. ._- f* .. - . indoor q| outdoor test facilities pn j l i * I ti Section B. T ask 3.2 - Im proved Delivery Devices ^ij.Iip| 1 fiTii^jPIi'*8,^*1ir^f^ }jbP*iLyiIT^li l 1T1 ill1 t^lSsC6JOTyVgriftrg[v^yr^ CTTTi'lHi 1 Ifr^^| 1\Ja ti.liljmLlTLI.1 -.-- ___ _J|j![ rj^^pyrir'^ac yry ^?s..1 ^.... . ,,j.,, _ -- .li. s.i.t.Cl?s^,C,*t4A*lC,,^Hl, Eicyrxtv ti1i_p systems; mi Chemically generated aeration after foam is projected to fuel surface technology to determine if fbant, aerated using traditional techniques, can be projected using 23 US00008144  %!*%> vj* "** *1 `r 1n l r * 3 'Shi.--., -- !TT I|_n #;-? _-- J T f m . inr- S r_r m-mmW"0, W%~L L'WlL requiring engineering development. This work will be performed in this task Specific Nsvy uses o f jIJFIPP will bo vlustd iti tonus of ||ou.t Sd liiffd^wsyro uoesds will bo evaluated. Monitors and turrets may bo considered. Automated 1 n6*, 63-1iua_ Jn- ?on_w_ *i11ll d flight decks c.g. w a .a Jg . *. -TM=i. Tsa-clr 3 A 3 P r a c h p r l , i l l lll. i ' i : i ----SsiAsM L A Ti C^ vt ilninnuliUn og vy f>vv*"ai>llni aifRtAiimBi fItnJJLr tUklpC fll.lilrjarfhitt tiliiniC^/ wi mLfPntr/ltl P\^pJrlfJv nll3V -e^^v^m' mann.Mn mWiillll flUo vnuKn nUrMt milJOnlJnUiLtlfOilr nozzle discharge techniques, proportioning, and storage requirements. 24 US00008145 Task 3.4.4 --Hapyf ] has Task 3.4.5 - Training f ityi C W U d l t i 1*1 iR3a2HS C5tffiSttI*6iriilB ^d^^SUSiCodf E. T ssk 3*5 **M itigifi siA Riutsdifttion Xcdi&olopcs will be mvestifofHted in this tusk- His rc sro diffeMit methods to oAl i*U%#"*" at a wsstisi WSS^M* /TtjfJ?xII-n._rUIN# A S 11 ,-1 / systotos to acoaloialo ............,..................................................................,............. ................................................... 'BliflegfSlitioS,.KlrBlBBllfig syicl riii Cik5ii0 t6tillJE3lllt^*ti.^eStJiat JTOthlO^^tllO oroa jjH Willi oj^gj^ CK 25 US00008146 F TJta i Kl r J%i V "--ln/6 ucllfltipi InMe ttif*.*TI ln nr mn lvPUf T* 0 JWrfmJmHmIItlt O jt li Ci mvfUi iliiatlflAv li*k mSmiiti fIlwC Vi aC !i l Mt Ui lL) yQ fP W lP agents. the form of an amendment to the M ill SPEC, or, in the case of a totally new agent, a complete *tu d,^ ^ ^ j|* ^p, ^ the specification may ultimately reside as an NFPA or similar standard. VI. OUTPUT m tasks will occur to a greater degree than shown in Figure 4, PK3Yluit--i-t ,,...f -- j. u*1litt d*l<i 013 jt>&SIJCU - -lAM--.t-BCIJ.I.j O..,, Il. VIII. LABORATORY CAPABILITIES A. HAI I n t a t tii S f th is piMyl Vlll ''HAI''1htiS''ii''iife'riiiige''ofim Ioimoii^ ........ rd3id siu.'OH ncflttsiSe iicyiv intSAJS^ns*JEic3t uii^x, ^p^^n.sfii.ic^rs^ PID controllers, etc. Other instrumentation related to chemical species measurements include specific analyzers for replacement suppression agents. 26 US00008147 -i4iBRAftSmSeic^iSiriiSininiiiijiiliisK%lk*iHi#Ol Pr rfHfilirtIflHl^uwrltiiUilfil1 m Ft* FV* FV# Q1 SB a i * 02 03 01 0 2 04 01 02 03 04 Of 02 0 1 04 Q1 02 03 04 ----- A ^-A 1,1,1 ReHos model 2, 1,2 - 2.1.4-2.1.5 2.1.a-; 2,1,8 - 2,i,to Intemedlste and large 9bib9iwS F( t||o^2tMVNr!^f*lIh*Ijnd| * "" A -- - ~ir "A" - ihS,- . -- A --- -- "At ^r ~ -- A -A-A -- A-------- -- A 3.2-3.3 & A- ........... ilii , <*- Start A binterimmltetoi* ..=.Majof..Mieste...pefvwnfiBJms...M..*M,.ai*.Br.mMaBi......... -- s Tln as requiredas a resultofprogress in othertask areas orsimilar tasks Figure 4 - Schedule -r US00008148 A radiant panel apparatus* used in prior experiments [25], is available for use to continue different expansion and drainage characteristics- This includes the standard 2 gpim MIL SPEC foam nozzle. Orifices are available for this nozzle to create flow rates of 2-6 gpm so that MIL rA, 3flCJ-TUTTij ttj, J i * 'fS -* j t * tCj StS CJ3311jbe performed. MEL rTjr*ht e iN.tavy uses t,h| e %M-rKn,L Cjr*%hesapeafke tBm,eac-h* DetJ.ac*hment* (CBD) t,o conduct, mM, arIffLF SPEC experimental and qualification testing. Two indoor test facilities are available to conduct 28 sq ft DuNoys -lJue---o--Mr-rv o-T_1m,-VT.fel|4i'cri i%Ai if q a-T_ e ie iiu-iTii eJ. ^s fr o a a11 i 'i 'i jiig co em c iciit in aocoraance wixn A o i MMl. r. _~fr- "______________ I I. ill!)||--if, A I'"' , ii _ __ ARi -x a r-irix ir-i j j corrosioiii } $ 1j n I'l --f I-T. v- I,, JT TI A C NI.,ifi w f r w" nJL# The Naval Air Weapons Center China L aic facility (NAWCWD) will be used for large- scale testing. Two firefighting pads are available, including the 1022 sqm (11,000 sq ft) "mild CwJ!wla'^rvl.*tlllC.-i " -IAfMa. SSn!l IlrOtTrMSif-Mitifl%l _i_mPr A4lTm^om-. wM"*A11m?m?I4t \jf A %llilai>irwijl.l pii*lj l vIrAr1ljmeRWwt ATtM1luOApfiLl i iful tflul i iMiInu inilMTMYm-AstleTi r~n . uf J L:APi*i . 4 r3Ai iiTilg?l DiCJiTDti.s-fu||lc!Pv^.-,,fat*-.l<rj1j fChI I | - | | g i lUtSii6?d^^-1^ ^ and three-- # Uf r J,fnUUofni. f1?AAl.^mI 11f1Tj|TJi,?Jm<O2 Other sm all" ami Isr^C11seals ciiv k o n iiicE tii and firs lest jacilitiss m ay be tised dining ttts p^ .^ 1 iiri'dii3C)$eifire itfs 1 . . 1 , aj 1j In c.5 research/traming pads, such as that at Tyndall Air Worce Base, may also be used* 28 US00008149 IX. REFERENCES ill Darwin, ILL., and Williams, F.W., "DoD AFFF Environmental Meeting " MRL Ltr Rpt Ser 6180/0394, Sept, 19,2000. H Rjxiwu pinpOcTi tt5 Www.Hn . } W*aal&revluttiiit A T v ciu u tii& , JnL/,Pjr*5 y u i c n c j , T>TJLr> QiMaX^ju]CorI) fuj. uA. j iPrpcrrrruntty ^a.vr.*. Gott, J.E., and Simone, J.A., "Management of Aqueous Film Forming Foam in DoD *F1,n.1i^ifyfid,,IufPit Of_TJ_t_UL_r_\M/i--vllL*lIIf)MieV|L_eOZ*J>Ijv *I_0/=fyUtiWfn_l_l l^p_l_ aK* IRV iica lf..-jLR^taw^JWe'dM 4 * Jpijwj7 1mU nWrhM | " Huirhi*J. A,Wjg^IiiWsS1 OOQa mU dv liitlfwpQO j Inc* T*pV WdiIni t UirMt!)M! M W1IJ*. .**htr~ VI AqueousliOouliVi cjfT*jyJii.ijiiig r 0cii.ii **/ /iiicm auvc JTNiaa*/iir Dysiciiis voniinflMflj Oa%}?'J -w C8n. --- ,jj -- i ,LI--Mj-imm.iiTi if' 17UTU T A Aj]3_Dri~bj- PP TtgT ,t__ ^ ^ 1 A t bg-,-_----4- ,, _ in vciipsi| i i i , ^&b _..P __b_bgt--_ __ _ !l_ .2000 W ( A t r r j All6!iiiilp A 1.i 1 . ........................ . jf J<rfflOUflflyUU1a / i a i 1 _. ,, Wjfh 1 1 j gm a *i _ [[ >|p. | AL I*A H j *lBr i tIf11^8 vI wI | I I y p Jl _ _ _ A r t A"%b gT jrfj*| M Jjm*. m A f c i i t ^ .<1 p , j JHE| . Jr,t Ijf?u----_ j#i jix -Tj i. u*j ~q..lw a.-LgLry l 4 U '** AjVM-WT 5 -tew _j| U * e ? -*b p. ,,---IInrilrri W-W ) 1 %* /J ^ ^ Y T 4/H A Tfma a ***1O Y I T T [6] Darwin, R.L., and Jablonski, E.I., `Tail-scale Fire Test Studies of Sea Water-Compatible &&Y HbOldiocSto Shipbosid Fire FrOjtC-tiQfl ^ iqspiiyfiiiiiii.tofSfn*vy ^tVs.wtit-w3.1..5...1^y1.1*,... . #,..,... IJvjy a,, 5v.Ip 15?*-- c_--" *-i f%rr%---------- [7] ft. Fcii^m TL^miquii/ui LA nunn/*^auu E tc, ii?ortfrl TJr'flrJKcs,|n| ano Co^artwiimetvwi$,f viii-/,*1?^,*'&I /IiHiOj 3Dr , ?/ JTaonwuiiaarrtyi 1i GOI -- * It j . * * I 1>-> S *J* | A - t ij |~ | ucy^fj, Aj*l5ji Lr-M. iNen, ana UfDSii^ C^Mp^rstiv Jb3iuiyu(iE o i Jciro rigu iiii o im iA^OgoliliitI 1O7T/7Q. ^^ ^ ^ W C ariisrt, o . w .s i^ o n a r o , . 1 ,, u a rw in , , t > r a s s n*ti*s m ig iic s, j * i . s a i t J .g"~'i .. . P.. - .||r^. IFIt T X T 'W --x --. ,-")____ r 1 'f jT * 5 1 k i s,,.iiii il iu iiji 1 J{ 'W `f %_ _ __t ^ ,, IT ^ ^ Y Y ,, - ' l l _-i ,-|i T 8 I ' jedouski-1 Y _uPL. f- J-Ti Miiin-lji- 1 s 8 Y J:Q-^Slfl". 1 ' 1*1J,J^JcCSjki jpj|''||iE1 3,ctc5 ^.HC^ i| IjTjf iiLviifi--j.i,,n^D_-liic-niRn.urlUt-a-jrii-i,1i iU\^ampro\Ti~if TJ?7-jc-lm-y,Ltumy 1I70012/7 11^11j| j n'ispppr^uii j and T ij jiifi Uccic weapons kHoging T ^ O , X iviGiiioiaiiouiii Minori 1/, Januaryy TXy_-_ -^- oA b doihd fo iij*f\ Tiing~~kY y*,A T? 7fQ7 T^7 "ywm\ _ i : i r _ -*-* ,,-. n . j . 1 11 1. 1_ I , I 1j., .1ii,,i. f j , . - tiy I,-. i"ii gi ^-"ii 1[I.--.. , | i _ ,, n _ 1 . ,,i _ ,,. ,,im_ ,, 1987. ....P .A T |*n-|*h rttfkGs *-*15 aJ^wWi^m^ TmI .vJ q .I T ...<2a 1%ii.AA'L^ kjVlAeJ,Aey5 *JL. j OWIUvUI, f""T jflhi1a |1'pffa *4*j f''II J *JI XJUiIffg tri'c W" 'H/'''' w iiltCUild} i * tT*1 jAtjyo.t4p- tf jYJYCji*5 tj.u,- i.| yJ x itt^ic~ i#-j TY y t<JAtHi.l_s Tu~c\vc. >i^1ypniiiu- C t-1 -T,,i4i- yjrk^iP"an 11i v w1 |T /\,f,bt, i`cjrpiiiuvrii jTji/jiwit^fiXT^jeses^vjwdi, /Au l^rflLrTi[f inVjCwzae qt-iys4t,isoi i u r un c3* iMTfiivyw /Aiiiitiaprisiii#ii TT-ilijmu'a ,?i\nTjpDufl/ JfL/ftjtr-JR\tpxti oQ#sird i SoImA/A/vAfivyJ|,,,i,j rFeclumi imai*r vy xOfoij 2000. 29 US00008150 [12] Jahtcfflski, El, "Comparative Nozzle Study for Applying Aqueous /O-inl Tljdol^rogli3d"ea/C*fatltlac JPriinreasej,J TUT*dC /AAiItT rRurtifv/'fvS JPWpSmjJnOr#rij %r K^JDHJDjnU?n\7- T1wJ\, - 7f ox -d*/dlj IUT.Cd . AAnu* rHQrmiw*vj Ti jvlnl urlai llll /AyU:jUy s r"ELT, /AAp%r4i1l it yQTf fofi [13] Kramer, L.M., Breen, D.E, and Fitzgerald, P.M., "Fire Protection o f Large Air Force TU vUl Un hU ov ri 11Q7 *17*<1; M Mn *iT* P/Ai. 4" fvl1j j t(QIt$MinidU$t{trtful 1fUu1r nALiyirvriiaiii ll iiV?C#ownUtpC doinli/X? i^IlirC# Ff^ll^fifltUtfilnl go u fS T V Iv v o 4a1t /AtlMimJJAO rtl& j" Mstfmnal Tm**P%n-tfmHNVri*ft Acerv'iaflnr*Af aNimWaJV9*lyAfTA.j T-O?QT (UAiUiftUAMTi. [fl5j]| UL .62 - S ^U L io x , a i d n u m u fi uorr cFuoaanmi iE^oquu iipp mmoenn i, arnn da jLuiiqq uuiicdi ir^ o n c e_o i i m e s , - Uu nnadeerrwwrriitteerrss iT^SatufloArTa^iotAFriiaecs iTiriwc*,^ XinloArrutliitol'limu uAiVi ) Ii fl } JTuWlWy I Q Q ^ M xm P %n P Tt V f w * <Tr W - Ta lf1 i !i*n A4 wT jf*2*. f f, . TTJm Tm nf l*n f t,, Dn r a n A, W , > il,i>i a m e --7 **-1/ 6&6 Al t* r f >raiTt%, j j J+JLi1*,. WiMkClJJtij ikv>; AJUitj *J *ultj *ViJ*, WuIiImu&j AW.j AILli o-it* |rTumg&i fp*u p. quuppicsm>uii Qoy&w| jULiTJLVJP. &*i|j|iiLQuifun rulvjj** TinCjrppuTl^/MivjlTri/MoIi OOAv*Auyn*,QiS'|AtuA*At) <Tj1uiini#c* tiUj uuy* [17] Ycfdonikj D.P Systems " Hughes Associates, Inc., HAI 100Q r1t*]i DC rvluuiciTiisayv , IiTL*?uPlaawrwsTti-nn,iv.1L?rT., JTLcitQnmnoirwGl, jf*iT*9FnUiper,v -kp,,nuAue.,iJi1eu.eff,afLtJj*ts .m,,iuj nv . WW,, AA lAJM piOlu AAwlla^livyrsoliSo #PvIFFW11lX*Xr1i TF*t^- -- '-- -- Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) for A \INT*E2JPTjFAjl/AittVt!iuQfttlAvTlll FAA-i Mfft1tY111tI1tHt%A5CP? wIlLlTIMlIC 1990. 4i^3tGn -rttfitjey*., JT.T*#^t*t--------- --/"v m ***, TJtyLfEoirv^mk 117070 7/. 'C*.A-- n5j ', I ^f a v * A^ bpp K pT A , Foam DOT/FAA/CT-94/04, O il Opvpr I Kr * 1 -f"! t ipw. International Conference on Aviatioii Fire Protect!on, Interlaken Switzerland, 22*24 Septeniher 19S21 1t 221jr~,~iL."a. ""m naim cMIiMtj*'TT:pr,rojKnjoB''M.As*ociE*n4 o4 n''%|miicy5\'''WMA.1t0wQt"pp.1 ifA [23] Hanauska, C,P., Scheffey, IX ., Roby, R.I., and Gottuk, D.T., "Improved Formulations of Firefighting Agents for Hydrocarbon Fuel Fires, U,S, A n Force SBIR Technical Report 30 US00008151 f|?*74T1J IJILlaaltJwBlwwaiIAcjaHL^ wr. Pr p. OSVcMhWeifCfejv, J Ti.Mtj VO 'CnHnintdIIl, TJ.j &aMnMd WW lilllUialml s% F W1 . f .s "kSJltaalttmJa iRv cepnuni *I.OnHn Rr ostaown ii j!vfinodajenlin`ngaj" TIisJRUTj TtiIjr Pwt ^er DtiSoAu//Ay1i07*i>| 1x*j1 A*pm41 l1O7O7T/. Latbmer, B.Y., Hanauska, C.P. I I lA/flliamc WW-vv wmr** 1 * *-* FtJL/.j WliUaMJL&S 1 rr fMinInU%w1JUwseil/v'rliij W_ W , >MDI 11JrtJL# M Ii^aOt+Tmii*ic*?r, P>t.Vi HLsifif-liicV.fl rr P , QDi'fOoifAlepifWieyr, f T gmni/o| WwtuliiiaimmseisTr?.Ww ,s "Wwrovrhlr Priiaann |rkorr4t-u1ea H1/Cd vViC !iUftpnUmiACirliLt nU1f a* u M lu ilijX r llttX S rPurdvlalmi M^rpaiCv tafUt/l XTC#acil-Aprpmaai-r(alltUitcosj "lNMJ\TJLJT-r Lf itt*i. XP!vpfv yC1I o u y OctoberS,2000. 17jnt7pv1J-i raat Uiinl/ CpIr.tt,j *-Tmf whii ) tKjsTavIMnJifrt} JTa4Xmlfluwt'i.*^ aiUwUi*RVAaiJnJUn-y *P -H** et*miPArus *FrnrvtactmI I<lai, ***Ar*W MfT(a(/i-*/ Ifjwf mi c&fw( vii*ufwr fmi) V o i,. 19, No 1, 1988, pp. 74-82, m T*Unkwfv5R I iP(w*t(t*eTia5ufmii, aHlRu,, jTata/MtuiniamMki;, LFf.TJ,j aunud. Ninv1ilIi, *lv*aR ,5**rAx Niweww Vvoanjjouri.-Savewniuriifuttigr for Flammable JLicjuid Fu Extmguishiuoiit, jNfRLRcspoit 60S7j Washington9I3C5 %Jv1l.l^fC1o.. i1|7\044. [29] United StEtes Air Force, <fiAFFF Istoagency Working Group Mectiui, wWiight ^ pwm 'm--m *m -- -,--1 ._ --_ $ -- .' jUMOorutoocS)/* x v w-jt nr wiiBiiifl v 'itjj rjL#j o n c i pi^scjnLC a* 1 Command, September 1994, i j ya ij DIyWfl| t.|>i,-ti....j tWi nll'a.llUi-oiSi-i1I.l1uaiirmiialifi^ /**' /%v....#-|rJttsi111c,,4t4ir.i. "dxv,jt *5 trijo wiJiIittII 9 iur 1'W1/3 J\,Cm Sinii1f-an O Ir Fo by th 3M r11-AT3t i1j~IS ^ P2] VAoAvl*IlliCiltlMTlC*AJlly19?lI*T1L.y 1-704vkiU) 011 4/wuiuuy| A w ,,,r _ a, |h|| r i r ro iC v iiv iii r i r c i c C m u iu g y j ijo irci y i i a i i s r , p j s / y i p i S i 1 .a v i i u o e |i -,l4- 1--1 ^-iijf- rff _-tdW|tnu, ni 1 ? j i 7 7 7' T t * n i _.1fe 4lr~'m, j~lj j r i ~ ^ "*1 7 ^ 5 % A mti --j v- 4- 4 __ * _ Tr ^ r. -- Szepesi, D.B., Back, 0 ,0 , N R L L trR p t 5OH0iicys acinnrol WwliliUusasmtn sc , 1r?,Uw/., " rFonaa nt ni Hyutias tilitthyr Tle'ifsccitsoenlif A I ?rRf rp ^airirniull lifaiinities flon pr Wi\uavvwy jTst&mrIat**titlp*Wpe3jI"4 1r. jmP vI WLi+jllp X"PFfVc,fjpiitiJv"* w A/ " l PBwAi. lJifvV\ AAi. fJW"mj.fWi 4Iw'TiAlU4iui Inj ovti*sf^ 1U%U,%n.j * wiioamss TrJiwlif jpurns u 13 rjpici*i*jc-i, jt.jf#vwCiicu.C) Uiv.T!., iiJu Fj-I7.o3*s4*iTe&st!*#o Ciu-- ...........mi..v..i.wuwiylvu.1i. .s..epBrTMo-L-jnLovn., 01 atA 1rJ.|.?r....?.i*._n.....*...n...e..u...g.r..tn.l.i.u.i..n.n..fg..i...w.....o.....*..e..w....a..i..y..r..).....Xi..iJ.i.T.v.J.T.i.j...L.I...'#t..i...R^..p...#*..-...Co...fe.>.i.r. oli/Uvjv3 i i^ovenioer 177vi 31 US00008152