Document 2jjgaLbkaZY5EKqrpR32751ea

iiiifiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii PB89122980 WWW, N J^S-gov One Source. One Search. One Solution. SPECIAL ASBESTOS DUST AND PRELIMINARY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY, ABEX CORPORATION, WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA, FEBRUARY 7-11, 1972, NATIONAL INST. FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH, CINCINNATI, OH. INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH FEB 1972 ABEX-101 02 U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service SCF-ABEX-1430 One Source. One Search. One Solution. Providing Permanent, Easy Access to U.S. Government Information National Technical Information Service is the nation's largest repository and disseminator of governmentinitiated scientific, technical, engineering, and related business information. The NTIS collection includes almost 3,000,000 information products in a variety of formats: electronic download, online access, CDROM, magnetic tape, diskette, multimedia, microfiche and paper. 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There is a nominal fee for each download for most publications For more information visit our website: www.ntis.gov U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA 22161 xuvB-3 PB89-122980 111.................. . SPECIAL ASBESTOS DUST $ PRELIMINARY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY ABEX CORPORATION American Brakeblok Division Winchester, Virginia Z-SZ.ScL Survey Conducted By: John Dement Patrick Shuler Ralph Zumwalde Report Prepared By: John Dement Patrick Shuler Environmental Investigations Branch Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health IQ14 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 _______ ______ " February 7-H, 1972 REPRODUCED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE SPRINGFIELD. VA 22161 ____ __________ ____ I tEPORT DOCUMENTATION * report no. PAGE *. . Title and Subtitle S^^ial Asbestos Dust and Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Abex Corporation, Winchester, VA., February 7-11, 1972 PB89-122980 5. Report Dtte February 1972 s. '. Authors) Doment. J. and Shuler. P. 1. Performing Organization Name end Addraee NIOSH 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Addraee ' NIOSH 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 15. Supplementary Note* ' 8. Performing Organization Rept. No IWS-032-25D 10. Prelect/Tatk/Work Unit No 11. Contrect(C) or GrenUG) No (C) (G) 15- Type of Report & Period Covered 14. 16. Abstract (Limit 200 words) "Asbestos exposures at the American Brakeblok Division of the Abex Corporation in Winchester, Virginia, are evaluated on February 7 to 11, 1972. Facility design and operations are described together with sampling procedures. Tabulated data on ventilation measurements and individual worker exposures to asbestos is provided based on findings of an earlier survey. Housekeeping practices and use of personal ^ttrotective equipment are reviewed. The authors conclude that excessive asbestos P^Pposures occur in the mixing and performing areas. Recommendations include development of mechanical asbestos loading method for the mixers, use of approved respirators, improved ventilation, and welding of blast gates once new ventilation systems are installed. ---- 17. Document Anafyefe a. OiicripHn NIOSH-Survey Asbestos Brakes Air-Contaminants Protective-Equipment b. Identiflare/Open-Ended Terms c COSATI Fleld/Group ^reliability Statement AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC (See ANSF-Z39 18) REPRODUCED BY sU DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE SPRINGFIELD. VA 22161 19. Security Cle*(TW* Report) Unclassified 20. Security Cleee (Thlt Page) Unclassified See Initructtoni on Revere* 21. No. of Paget 37 22. Price OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77) (Formerly NTIS-35) Department of Commerce INTRODUCTION During the week of February 7-11, 1972, a special asbestos dust survey and a preliminary industrial hygiene were conducted at the American Brakeblok Division of the Abex Corporation, Winchester, Virginia. The main purpose of the asbestos dust survey was to evaluate the asbestos sampling technique used by the U.S\ Public Health Service. To date, the samples which were collected have not been analyzed; how ever, from past U.S.P.H.S. surveys and the present industrial hygiene survey, several conclusions can be drawn. The following paragraphs discuss plant operations and industrial hygiene practices along with conclusions and recommendations. DESCRIPTION OF TEE PLANT The plant is located south of the city of Winchester and employs approx imately 655 blue collar~workersand 119 white collar workers. There is a doctor employed by Abex Corporation but he only visits this facility once or twice a year. A nurse is on duty full time however. A complete pre-employment physical is given and is repeated every two years.. Chest X-rays are taken every year. Blood and urine samples are taken twice a year from those in the mixing area to check for lead. Abex employs an industrial hygienist full time. Hie Personnel Manager acts as the Safety Director and works through the foremen to inclement safety programs. Hie plant was constructed_by_Abex in .1947 for the purpose of manufacturing asbestos friction products.'`"The.total plant site consists of 44 acres with, four maiii buildings amounting "to" 440,000 square feet. Hie buildings are two story structures with, the mixing operations and dust collectors being located on the upper level. Products of the plant include automotive, aircraft and industrial braking materials, ABK industrial bearings, and sintered metallic material for production of metallic friction products. Approximately 50 different braking material mixes are made by the company in order to comply with varying customer needs and specifications. DESCRIPTION OP THE PROCESSES Both extruded and dry process brake linings are made along with ABIC bear ing material. Sintered metallic materials are made in a separate building and does not involve the use of asbestos. The following paragraphs w give a brief description of the operations which make use of asbestos fibers. A. Dry Process Brake Linings The process by which dry process brake linings are made consists of the following steps: 1. Mixing 2. Preforming and Blending 3. Hot Pressing 4. Cutting and Trimming 5. Curing 6. Final Grinding and Drilling Raw material mixing is done on the second floor. The various raw materials used in each mixture are dumped into a "Nauta" type mixer which thoroughly mixes the materials and empties to conveying carts on the first floor. After the materials are mixed they are taken to preform stations where initial forming takes place. Prefoxming consists of placing a pre scribed amount of mix into a mold and pressing with a hydraulic press until the materials cling together as one mass. Following the preforming operations, the brake blocks are placed in a hot press for a period of approximately two hours. Hot pressin^^ serves the purpose of allowing the resins to further bond the matlRals into a rigid body. Finally, the blocks are ground to the proper thickness, drilled with, the proper holes, inspected and packaged for shipment. Blocks are labeled with a brander machine. B. Extruded Brake Linings Extruded brake linings are made in the following steps: 1. Raw Material Mixing $ Grinding 2. ' Extruding 3. Baking 4. Cutting 5. Final Curing 6. Final Grinding and Drilling Raw material mixing is done in a manner similar to dry process lining productions, the only difference being that oils are added to form a damp paste. After the materials are mixed, they are emptied into conveying carts on the ground floor. J-- *~ T -2- - / -- -Ar- J After mixing, the raw materials are extruded in the form of a tape which is wound into a coil. The coil is then placed in an oven for initial curing. Following the initial curing operation, the coils are surface ground anchcut-to length on band-saws. .Depending on. customer^specifications, the.lining.may undergo another curing operation. Finally the linings are drilled with the proper holes, finish ground, inspected, and packaged for shipment. C. ABK Industrial Bearings ABK industrial-bearings are special wear and heat resistant bear ing made by the company. The bearings are made by first impregnating a'cloth with various resins and then winding this doth or hot pressihg'It to form the product.- These bearings are used quite extensively in-iron and steel'-foundries.---*----- -- - ---- -- -- - -- ---- SURVEY PROCEDURES The main purpose of-the asbestos dust survey conducted at the plant was to evaluate the asbestos sampling technique currently used by the U.S. * Public-Health Service. -To do this, simultaneous samples weretaken ~ C85 pairs on the same side of the man and 23 sets on opposite sides) to check, the reproducibility of the asbestos sampling under field conditions withT-relatively low concentrations. The majority of the sampling was conducted at the same machines in the cutting, grinding and drilling of auto'-linings* for7 three consecutive* days'on-the7first and second shift* in order^to^also supply data-on-variations of-concentration of" asbestos with the shift-and day of-week.'-The' remainder of the samples came from the preforming and hot press areas. A special study was done to determine the-effect of heavy background on sample results. A preliminary industrial hygiene survey of the plant was also conducted to try to evaluate general housekeeping and ventilation systems. INSPECTION OF TEE PLANT Potential Health Hazards; The major potential health hazards encountered were; -- - _ ..... - ___ 1.-Exposure to asbestos dust - 2. Exposure to lead from mixing operations :Ww --' 1 3,mz?z .T4^y Caution needs to be exercised toward some of the raw materials (see Table 1) that are encountered. Indiscriminate use of such things as carbon black, litharge, and hexamethylenetetramine would be haz ardous. Also, noise levels could be excessive in some areas. Personal Protection: The only worker in the plant seen wearing a respirator was in the.hot press area. . Safety clothing such as rubber aprons and ear protection are provided where appropriate. Safety glasses are required of everyone inside the manufacturing area. There is a program to.finance, the purchase of safety shoes, but this is voluntary. ,, Ventilation: local exhaust ventilation is used quite extensively with ' ductwork at almost all operations. The contaminated air is vented to 22 American Air Filter "Roto-Clone" type "N" wet dust collectors with a total design capacity of 314,740 cfi. Design specifications are given in Table 3. None of this air is recycled. The sludge from the wet collectors is taken through a series of three settling ponds to clear the water. A pumping station is located at the last pond to recycle some water. Hie water is evaporated and absorbed so none of it is allowed outside company property. Sludge is cleaned from the ponds about once a year and piled in mounds on company property. - -- Make-up air is provided, but not enough to prevent a noticeable negative pressure inside the plant'. The total capacity of the make-up air is 155,000 cfm from 10 units. ~ - ` Ventilation layouts of areas sampled during the special survey are shown in diagrams 2 and 3- . Table 4 gives the results of the ventilation survey. r-- - :-- ---- The method used to make the mixes is.good in that raw materials are not handled by hand. A cart goes down a rail and under a series of hoppers each containing a part .of. the mix. The. mixer stops the cart at the appropriate hopper and puts in that chemical. Each hopper is ventilated individually. Hie nice part about this system is that the chemicals are loaded by vacuum lines into the hoppers. Unfortunately asbestos cannot be included in this method since it is not a loose powder and is broken into the mix cart at the end by hand. It appeared that the collection and disposal part of the ventilation system is adequate and performing as designed, but improvements could be^ made in the duct work and especially, the hooding. The duct velocities are quite high, but more emphasis should be placed on using enclosed or flanged hooding as near the source of dust evolution as possible. TSV4HSSJ -4OR Housekeeping: In general the housekeeping was good. There is usually sufficient space m the aisleways. Painting and a general cleanup was in progress during the time of the survey. Brooms and a large vacuum floorsweeper were used for cleaning. The major problem in housekeeping was. the frequent use of compressed air_.to; blow, .off machinery,,. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS From this and past surveys, it appears that the areas of potentially excessive asbestos dust exposures, are the mixing and preforming areas. The following are recommendations for some changes which are necessary to improve conditions at the plant: _ _. _. 1. A method needs to be developed for loading asbestos into the mixers which would eliminate hand loading. Until such a method is developed, asbestos mixers should wear Bureau of Mines approved respirators. . . .. 2. Ventilation improvements are indicated at the preforming stations. One such improvement would be to place hoods closer to the area of dust generation and use a more enclosing type hood. Another method _ would be to automate the block preforming operation as has been .done -r^for disc brake preforming. . - . ic 3. More make-up air should be provided to prevent ventilation systems from being starved for air. - 4. Once the modifications have, been done on the ventilation systems -rrand the systems are balanced, all blast gates, should be welded in --position to prevent them from being altered. -S- APPENDIX TABLE # TITLE 1 Potentially Hazardous Raw Materials 2 Abbreviations Used in Ventilation Diagrams -_^a 3 Dust Collector Design Data 4 Results of Ventilation Survey 5 Results of Past Surveys FIGURE # 1 2 3" TITLE Diagram of Plant Layout Ventilation in Preform Area Ventilation in Finishing Area -6m AM ERICAN BRAKEBLC% M / r s c H e s r m VX- l/=> a n t -9- / 2 I I ' A. , Z I , i I . FIGURE III :r r 3 "f f r / / r* C.M *---^--- _(_t_o_;_, ` ; 5-3 ! ~7-------=---------- -1- dn ' i 1 - - 5 -Aj 5-2. s-i FT: t- _v--------- * __'k is 'l / ,* -r 'i iSb-6 L--t A___ / | 56*5 SG-H J1_ t tG-I DP- 8 MO-4 - *___ 1. MD-S > MD-6 v \. DP-5 0 r\r\r\C~ r 4 --a* TABLE I POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS RAW MATERIALS USED BY TIBET CORPORATION AMERICAN BRAKEBLOK DIVISION 1. Asbestos Fiber 2. Litharge 3. Lead Powder 4. Hexamethylenetetramine 5. Phenolic Resin Polyrez Resin 6. Paints 7. Carbon Black 8. Coal 9. Zinc Dust 8 Zinc Powder 10. Nuisance Dusts ia ri $ -10- w TABLE II ABBREVIATIONS USED IN VENTILATION DIAGRAMS -4 Abbreviation Meanino DP EG* - MD- PF RsSG Drill Press - ~~ Edge Grinder Multipress Drill Preforming Station Ripper "^- Band "Saw Surface Grinder The following ventilation diagram use the above codes and denote where the sampling was done during the special survey at Winchester in the preforming and finishing area. -11- .TOT I [O ; , i'1 ii -- a ii IL, . O* j| " }J> r- 13 jj si; WI z -l ' til! ! g:! i Ii M >-, o. i wZ;iii'i I po[[UTtuj J 03 DO [ ^ O.) -- O, vC.1 vO, -1 to m| mfl m, P3 I odxdttox? St inj m iinn "-ct ,| cn Suxacao odid^iox'd Jl^ || ^c3s m _ o 3 cm scz/: mO xcrd'\"'* i<-t *-- x O' CM CM1'I ' 1 -:-.d SUTWBJQ X0J3U03 I 1 h W^ HO [ii =8= O>S-iI ;I!|Il'! j' Ild'H 0 0CM Si it 00 in c\ 0 CpHC 0 0 0pH0 I - j s- In in mi p\j m vp. in m mm SI r-~, >n vO 'n 1 cn VO in p- m ph in f~i in H\0 h o <Z3Z* Xcc o <Z1s- .= rt 00 - .= c~ O v* Zz . vO "'N i fJ ~Z (S2 CO vo <M OJ 3 (O' 00 CO CM CvJ .2 Z co u J CM 1 <m .cr, Z co I il as 0O0 m CN O CM pH CcpHM ii --I `"`I -- vo!m"l O-'i 0ID|l in n oo st jr co co CM CN J5 3 CO r--Il HI 00 0O CO 1--4 CpMH tl I! . .5 cm f to 2 8 ft-ot g cz SCfe5O 6^ o>\A *d*H in in m cn 1 10 CM m ! mm 11 1 i > 4 1 i f1 9I^3S j 21 0 VD 1 Vl-Ol SC 1 1 CM ca r; J,44Bc*4 /. c a 1 SCCMj vO 1 SC 1 0 & H I >, sC 1 <0 CD 1 L_ SO e1s J3H0Ot:ID1UT 1 pH SO 1 SO1 CO X>J 1 HH > t3 tV=i i 60 cj Qm Q4a-r SI O' c O' c PH a r>Mt1 1 spC- u1 vO PH 0 CM CM 4>J >H C3 UVi St m COfI r- CN j^j; 1>1 H 1 *tH 1^ AHTI 01 enP<!i vi-Ho,)| VO 3TaB3Sl 3 9 tail uSxsaa1 *K* *0 e CO * 7XJ dy c 11 If .IOJ iOJ qajnj asaiii rm- SC 0 0 0 VHC CM 0rH 0r-0 <} cn SO 0Vf5 0 0 0 O O 0 0 H spCH CM Cs <* 0 cn 0pH m cn IO ml SO CM in vO cn CM 0 oj 0 0 0 O 0 0 mpj cd H 0 0m pmH SCNt * ipnH 0 in* spoH O O sC H ! ipnH 0^H O St cn S*Ht i n* H0 0 SpHC CO 0 H0 '0 sc 0H CO CO NpH fPHH rH J 0*9 s<C0 00 00 co d0 0 0 0 0 04 0m# 0 0* 0 0* <Mj cm!t n m sO pH SpOH I H, CM, HpHi 0m^H CM 0 00 `paH- CM St p0H os cn p0H 1 spCH r^H* J O ecj 0 ,/? 1 n 1 O0 O cm 0* cn< 0CM 0 CM pHfi n r0O pH 1 prH* sauiy 3,J3dc m 0 r* vvCO O0 m sc in sc m so ScOn C0N CHM vrHf in vo CM in CO MS CinO ost Z b04: ftl o u 0 XJ %*04. 0CM 0 0 CM O O CO 0 0 cpHo 00 0 CM 1 0 C1--M4 0 0 pCHM 0 0CpHM 0m pH | "& *H 0 sc v0C 0 if 0 m O| 0 <r m 0 O 0sO 0 m 9ZJS ? adXl | 1 5S vi-C( g| 2 3 J2 VO CM' <o pH OpH SpOH 0 in pV0HC m CM pH 0m rp-H' m vo 02 1 j r-1 O P- in pH 0m 0 m zi CCMl* C--M V*O Jr vO vO e JCi ^11 in rpH- ol 0 VT vO 1 Si CM cr. V. c4V0veo0ta.!J)i>)i. >uaa c4n1 1 Wcr4 a Vr*i XJ WV) c H V) a tcOpcr( - JJ 41 ns ccanE 1 11 pw1--0-c< 1 (V-si *6cW' cc c0- 3 O iHctz -- c(:. x. 0 0 O u-- K pcH VF= 'puOcH y O(J * % IV ! c^H CO *pcHi Tu K. XJ CO p0H 1 C.1^4 Xc0J pOH rv O t: mci "COr^ Vi t: u 0i y rOt ccfHfr c *caJ u a. </ u 0 " et pH X p OO pi tl M \IprT.1 p 0 V-M ccr. H Cl -.! UOJ}C0 0^ r~ 1 >c- 1^ 0 j > 00 "4 u: 0;' mn cj* CM n* *; O") rz r1j' O'N' -- jO OCl ON. t: cr. pH V. H O c> 0 ' O --V p0H rvni 3 p <c h - VD l tO -- .. _______ H _ __ m _ j- hl \ . L. ,, ' t_ 1 r!_ N <-* tM n: .- H 1pH u 30 r>* 1 0 vr -- 1V "~j !\i-- *7 r CM hU*nn-i 1 n ro C,--M4 PH -*r*s'J*j ,r -- KI'vJ . M '' _-T 0 1 * * TABLE III (continued) Collector # Location Type Motor H.P. Fan C.F.M. Design Inlet Static "J 1 20 New Addition 16 N 50 16,000 4.69 i 21 Metallic Sintering Building 4N 4,000 2.50 gt, 22 New Addition 20 N 60 `20,000 4-6 Total Designed Eshuast Volume - 314j 740 cfm in I l4i -n .1 ---.s --S =3 et vis 3 -M _>i .TABLE IV RESULTS OF VENTILATION SURVEY m Machine Machine Code Rood Type ~ i'JZ-zz' - Multiple Drill #4 . . MD- 4 Underneath _ Multiple Drill #5 MD- 5 Underneath Multiple Drill #6 MD- 6 Underneath Drill Press #5 DP- 5 At Drill Drill Press #8 DP- 8 At Drill Surface Grinder #4 SG- 4 Wheel ^ _ " -Underneath ' ~ ' Edge Grinder #1 EG- 1 Underneath Surface Grinder #5 SG- 5 At Wheel Underneath Surface Grinder #6 SG- 6 At Wheel 5 _ Underneath Lining Ripper #1 R- 1 Underneath Cut-Off Saw #1 S-1 Blade 5 Underneath Cut-Off Saw #3 S-3 Blade 5 Underneath Cut-Off Saw #4 S-4 Blade 8 Underneath Preform Station #1 Weigh Station Overhead PF- 1 Slot Grate Preform Station #20 Weigh Station Overhead PF-20 Slot Grate Volume CFM Duct Diameter -- Vented ti Collector - -.315 ... 438 411 151 151 223 . 751 771 680 5" 5" 5" 4" 4" 4" 6" 6" 7" 7" --- 2 2 2 18 18 18 18 18 818 1297 522 1269 5" 5" 5" 5" 2 3 3 3 166 1 " x IS" 416 10" x 15" 19 250 1 " x 15" 700 10" x IS" 19 ----a -14- TABLE V SSSSjSa Airrlcan IJr.-'/a Chca Crp?:-;' Eeeults cf /cr E'r-lu c- Lo*<t -jiocr, 1$6? i Vis.cr'icirrs, Virninia --------- --- Frlczicn . Cperatirn - Oanplo & ~fc=pc_ -Lv<>"plO. iL Total >5u Hiring & Ccatiry; Ccrpoundcr--33 116- - -107 202 12? 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 -- 108 203 130 '- C 0 1.9 . 0 0 0.? Personal - ~2 0.6 0.5 OJi 29 9.2 7.0 3.1 30 0.6 0.5 0.2 20? 1.6 1.2 c.? 206 0.3 0.2 0.1 209 0.2 0.1 0.1 V'oichcr--HZ Personal 10 O.U 200 0.7 * _ _ _ _ _ .-- . _ . *---- 1. _ # n 201 .... '3 0 207 0 -6.8 0 2.5. 0.7 : 1.1 0.7 1.4 v0%.7u' . 0.2 0.6 0.2 . 3.0 2.5 i.! h3 Auto Holler ere?.--22 1-3 0.3 Ui 11.0 0.0 U5 0.3 Personal - 's 22 25 26 27 23 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.!i o.r 0.? 0.4 0.2 2.9 2.4 0.U 0.7 0.6 Cji ro3s C!i ap^t.taticsj "rrrcer.nl" refers to -- rrc :r.l :;rrp?.05 rn r.cr.br"*r.o filters 'T'" rcCrro to fcivnt.-ir..* a **# '* c * "j by Cv.-r:e. u.jrj i_--j.r; sr ii rerL? anc filter 2vJ.;ra tc vr.~z~c.'.\ i C - yl.'C T-. "/ r. or "Cen," re*ora to cc.--lo o- ^u'.erJ. "lant air in tl.o i-artireU*,r d; -'.irixecnt -15- w -'-sa H i Reproduced from best available copy American Rralcs Choc Cerpargr Operation -- -- SninrsT . rcrl-r-re l-TH-r ____ _ Scrplc_j?__ r^ncf _ Cc^nplo ,/ Votal JLO + c: >5y Mixing & Coating - Continued (Ccr. .*;!.) * Hand Roller--Perrcnsi 153 0.1 0.3 0.0 159 0 0.0 0 210 25.0 0.9 0.1 211 8.9 1.6 o.U 212 2.b 0.5 0.0 213 3.7 0.5 0.1 21b 35.8 1.1 0.1< 5ucepcr--Personal - 19 0.6 0.6 0.2 t Scrvico Ran--Personal 20 0.7 0.6 OJi Viuality Control--Personal n 1.0 n.i Prefern:--Personal Ferntag * - 7 l.b 1.0 0.6 Hand Roll Operator--3Z 13? C4 ibo 2.5 C.6 Radius Roll--ZZ . Personal 353 0*!; 291 - 0.6 X 35b 292 293 297 3bS 12.9 3.1 3.3 0.b 2.7 2.0 1.0 U.2 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.5 0.3 Prcl'orr. Operator--22 51 1.3 52 137 1.2 133 3.1 7.6 1.0 t 1.6 aiuiui.:.k< Hik1 -16- American Brake Ehoe Cocpcnjr Operation Ir^ir.-rr TTZl-T* . . --------- --- SffiTplO ff xppcf Foming (Continued) Preform Operatcr--32 (Ccr.t*d.) Personal *- . _ - _r~_ . - -- " _ _ ___ Hand .Roll Operator--32 Radius Roll--1 Personal ii7 162 176 139 353 291 - Preform Operator--* 22 51 137 12-7 162 176 1.9 0.U 3.9 . 0.U o.U 0.6 - ._ 1.3 1.2 1.9 Oji 3.9 r*^.br:-n -'liter -------- - . ` _rc:/cc CcEplo V 'icuil - . >5u HiB 163 177 3i:2 ILL 11*5 l',6 1n5?3i. 155 157 ` 160 161 liiO 35b 292 293 297 3U3 52 138 12.3 163 177 U.5 0 3.6 li.5 0 1.0 16.9 9.6 3.9 7.7 5.4 3.2 b.8 3.5 2,5 U.G 3.1 1.6 -8.U 7.0 2.9 6*3 5.5 3-0 7.1 6.1 2.7 l.$ 1.7 1.0 10.8 9.5 U.6 7.5 6.3 2.9 2.5 0.6 12.9 3.1 3*3 0.U 2.7 2.0 1.0 U.2 1.4 n,? 1.5 -5 0.3 3.1 7.6 11.5 0 3.6 1.0 1.6 iu$ 0 1.0 -17- 1 "produced from ` "esl avadableJPV_ American Drake Shoe Caspar? Operation Tr^ir. *^02* "Ssq?le it .Eppcf ITcrcr Sonple Fominc (Continued) RrcTora. Operator--Personal Hot Pressing Sweeper--Personal Corviccaan--Personal -__ Cinching Foms--Personal (rciTa Fitter) AI3C & Press Cy^r.--DZ Cook Press Cp:r.--DZ (Hot) ~ Personal Service Pan, Hot Press -- cu 105 - . 0,1 1.1- ---` lii2 lUi 3i5 UU6 353 15U 155 257 l6o vVi Co ~j lto - IiC2 63 1C5 isi Hi! 11:3 16.9 9.6 3.9 7.7 5.4 3.2 U.d 3.5 2.5 11.3 3.1 1.6 CJ 7.0 2,9 6.3 5.5 3,0 7.1 6.1 2,7 1.5 1.7 1A.U0 , 10.3 7.5 9.5 6.3 %2 0 o.i 0.0 ; 2.6 1.0 fV n ^ 2.6 l.o ; -- 1JU 1.2 c.7 : 0 o- 1.6 0.9 = 5.3 4.0 1.5 :: 2.7 3.7 1.4 1.4 C0A .*6r;* -18- i A.I. t American Brslcc Eiiae CoPipany Opcrati cn Tr Staple ih rspcf Oot ftcooirc ( Continusd ) Hot Press Opcr.--DZ Personal 63 73 1.0 0.1 ' ---- - --^ - -- - ~- BaHng Cvcn Cr.-4*.--*JZ Conveyer - 221 C.k Personal Oven Oper.---Personal -- \ 7 . . .v Staple 3 ^o&Hi >5y a -0 0 Ih 0.6 0.1 53 1.3 l.S l.B 59 3.!* 2.5 0.7 61 2.5 1.8 0.5 (2 0 0.1 0.0 65 7.9 s.o 2.0 66 '2.P 2.1 c.5 63 1.1* 1.3 o.5 70 2.6 2.2 0.9 71 X.6 0.7 0.3 72 3.3 1-6 1.2 79 W* 3.8 1.6 30 h,3 3.6 2.2 31 . UC 1.3A fwlt*^a1 0.6 #s. 163 3.1 2-2 0.8 220 OJ* C.O 153 1.1 1.2 0.6 1?U 1.9 1.4 0.5 h03 5.1 3.1 1.2 liih 0.5 0.3 0.1 -19- -m \\l u TX?*n 'U 'A" Ji. J_UJLlP' ry wg.i 1 j - `c'Is rJ, uacricsi 2r:&b Ccq?=7 C^crctlca S--------r, Cspla u r.'TcT f. * --"<* T&Zxa Dac!i CWricp--3- 2!.$ sa *o-fw;-J* Cr^a'-cr: Ctocl; GiisCcswin 2c!ic Tic!: Erc^-: -Cri^.-r -- rs 2uc GrinJ--C-1 EadSas C^inl--TJZ r^lt; P^;yv7 ' uto Crider jvj yif*-;. !! &n 612 703 -- tl/V* Cedi CrinlaN--55 351 ' ftrccr^l Strip rdrirh^rcrscsal Turner Cpcr.--rcrcccal - o*5 C.3 0.U 0.3 1.9 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.9 3.7 C.S -oJk \ -r-. r-^tr fj# T A > Wi * W- a i W\-`. Viw | ~e >5u 227 2'Ji *>' - ** . 2:33 3!i0 JtfQ CIO -613 y**. 7w 352 253 // --V zyj 0.0 3.5 1.3 3.2 1.6 5.5 2.1 0.6 -!' 2.? ?.o 0 1.U Cv2 U.3 Wfo C.w ~ -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 33; 5.3 1.9 3.1 0.3 1.3 0.9 C.7 6.? 3.5 1.3 12.9 3.5 2.1 3.0 l.o c." -20- American Brake Slice Ccrp&ngr- Opcrafclon Sample i? Grinding U Sanding (Continued) Coil Grinder Double Dick Grinder--feraenal Sweeper--Personal Auto Durr* Kach.--Personal IWLnter--Personal Back' Grinder--Personal Finish Crind Dlcck--Personal Strip C-rind.--Personal Chamfer. Cpcr.--Personal mppcf I >vl iWA IH>U 4 ..;.C * ' j /cc nplo 0 icial 10 n + >5v 296 3SU 1*C9 393 2h2 267 335 2U9 27-h 4_ J 293 333 3h$ h:7 Lsu 253 257 2vU 2U3 2li7 CCI 391 270 T-iic 3.7 2.5 1.2 5* 3.7 2.5 5.0 4.2 2.3 19.7 15.2 7.3 7.6 5.3 2.7 23.1 2.9 0.5 3.0 1.2 0.0 79 *40,\ .7n 1.2 u.u 13.5 3.6 1m 0.5 0.2 0.6 C.2 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.2. 4.9 2.0 ** ^ w 6.6 ;>#3 "/u 6.1 2.5 15.6 1.5 0.7 0 0.0 o 7.U 5.5 2.5 1.7 0.1 2*4.3 lul 5.6 13.9 0.7 0.3 0.0 o.l 2.5 1.2 3.1 lJi 1.2 0.6 3.1 1.3 -21- - +4 -- -t* . Ji - A 4 r ' *53 3 Reproduced Irom Best avai'abte copy Anfrican Rrako Shoe Conpeay Operation Scrrplc i; n^pcf Grinding & Sanding ' (Continued) Face Grind--Personal ---" -. -- - -- Cutting & Drilling . -- Killing IJach. Cper.--Personal m "-- w Vb4%*A Scot Oper.--P2 Ferconal 326 OJi . Drill Operator-- 2A 2C6 _ . - 312 Personal OA 0.2 0.1 1.5 'V Scnpls f? X C ull >5u |i + 39li 2Jt 1.7 0.6 395 1C.2 8.1 2.9 398 6.8 5.4 3.x 337 6.3 5.6 2ji 392 2.6 1.4 c.6 275 x.r 0.6 3? 13.3 9.8 2;.6 327 5.1 lJi 250 1.0 1.0 oJi 263 7.3 5*7 2.3 2*56 h,3 3,2 l.l 275 1.2 0*3 0.1 295 1.5 -6 0.2 337 3.7 2-3 1.1 tr* #o 2.-3 1.5 0.7 350 9.0 5.7 2.9 3C6 6.1 4.8 2.1 235 3.3 lA 3C7 6,6 3.8 313 1.>j O.C 15 3.5 1.0 701 2.3 1.3 2!:6 Al, O 0.5 -2 OA 2.0 0.2 o.l 250 19.9 8-3 2.0 -22- -a -3 ---'-i -3 y. v. -a - H i ,i I American Ercke Shoe Ccrssny Operation Casplo i> Cutting s Orillire (Continued) Drill Cpcr.-->Personal (Cont'd.) ._ . , - .. _ - TuTj.cn -- Persorioi Laths Oper. V Call Joint Punch Cutter Ffexto Press AB5 Cron Inspection h Packing Grouping--232 368 rrpcf -----------rr:.r /:/cb` Carplc ir vol&l JLU n + >5y 251 0.0 0.0 0 252 1.5 0.9 OJi ... ' 259 260 ' lJv 0.1 0 W.U 1.7 oa 265 6.1 1.1 0.U 2C7 Wi 2.0 1.1 277 0.5 0.2 0.0 p.^n 3.1 2.2 1.5 202 2.5 0.6 0.6 396 13.0 10.2 3.1 397 3.5 2.2 0.8 700 6.7 4.9 1.7 197 iso 3.5 Cl tea. 376 \ 199 0.9 0.7 0.3 2.1 1.4 0.6 3.2 2.1 C.7 1.0 0.8 c.3 3.7 2.6 0.7 1.9 1.1 0.6 3.5 1-2 0.6 0.3 36? lu7 1 JO -23- T I. American Erake Shoo Cccpsa? >* -i Operation I--* --rr _______ Tj^-br.rto Ftltr? -j Saaplc tapper S-'&rpl $ 9clal lSir+ ' *9 *5* -4 Inspection racking (Ccntlnuai) >5p Cs*4 V I Eca Scfnonts *?f.rc cnal Printer, Leader o Pcckcr~?cTocRal 377 1*6 i.o 0. 378 1*7 1.2 0. 320 1*U 1.2 o* 1.8 0.9 0,3 0.9 0.7 0.5 .n 2.6 2.1 0*9 2*6 2.1 0.9 -1 Inspection Dr^' -- E2 J:59 O.o 160 1.2 0.2 2 i*7i* 0.7 hl$ 0.0 0.0 si ftrscaal --'s4 278 2.6 0.5 383 19.114.3 5*0 liiil 8.9 6.4 2.3 !%.U' 7mJ 7.`- 5.1 2.1 l 3.2 1*\ U'fO 5.3 4.0 1*9 197 9.9 7.8 2.U Mat--32 ' 266 W:5 Ue7 CO C.I C.? :6i JJ.6 M3 0.6 0.0 0 C.9 1.6 0.0 v< fcrccnal !i29 1.9 1*3 0.6 u*3 lli 1.2 0*' Ui io o*: i:':9 7.5 s-7 2.; Il5l 3*1 2.2 o.v. m*m*--JsssK -24- ^gAcgrcfca^a.n.niNrai ka.'ihce Ccr.pary .Operation Ccrplc & rrppcf 2srrple tf 5otHT /cc 10 j* t -Insreetlorj & i'scld.-v; ~r" ^^cr.tinued) * .Vfet--r'crSCJ'i.Sl "(CcntM.) . . --* ' , ------ . Leader--Personal Chippinzi Checker--rcracnal IWnterweroonal frr;r.- FC lleos'i--Personal Electrician--Pcrrcr.al Kaint. Cre;r--Personal *' lira !'J3 161 1/2 Kk hhZ m 2C!i 5co tal 2*10 JiCO * liCJl \ li!2 103 $.0 3.3 30 1.7 5.U 0.7 0.6 2u3 3.5 1.3 0.3 1.7 0.3 1.3 1.7 0.6 00 0 2.7 1.0 0.8 2.1 1.0 0.6 2.9 2.4 1.3 l.'i 1.3 0.8 1.'. 1.2 C.! 1.0 0.9 OJi 0.6 0.4 3.3 l.S 1.7 0.9 l.S 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.5 OJ* -25- Cesults of Air Sarplea of Becenber, I960 American Broke Shoe Reproduced from best available copy Winchester, Virginia m """ " " " "* ~ Operation * Impinger .. HemJnxno Filter . fibers Hlsing, rjctrudlug and Costing ' -- Prefcna Operator 'P _____ _____ ____ ___ _ ____ _ _ __ ___________ _ - -- B Povder Han P Vaig'isr P B Vat His Operator P .C ~ _ __ ___ _ _ " * _ ._ Foreleg Auto* Poller Operator *jst Pressing Prena Operator C P B 033 078 055 013 057 V94 071 031 1.2 0.8 _ 0*3 0.1 0WA .*54A 1.0 0.1 - 102 1.92 111 . 2.14 173 6.C4 176 1*97 201 0.14 205 0.55 202 -- 0.10 " --- _ - 114 0.29 032 0.44 COTFB: B Breathing cose simultaneous <np<ngerBebran filter easalss. -. s P Personal raecibreno filter sarnies colie.teJ by a swplinS ps=? vorn by the vcrkcro. G Canera l air espies# -26- Asicrlean Brpia Shoe Co.--Ulnehectrr* Virginia (cent.) Operation Tsplnger o~-te ?-d r^ef .Block Press Operator ' . ------- -D --- - - --------- -- <? 007 <0.1 979 0.5 H^breite Filter Fibers <4* 190 2.71 195 2.10 Baking Oven loader P - * 116 * 150 0.5S 0.54 Grinding and S-'ndtns Radius Poller P 121 1.39 147 0.75 Beck Grinder Strip CrJndor Crleder ' Fadto* Sander Barr Grinder Cutting end Drilling Hand Driller Auto mtriUllcer foil fsv fperafcer 0 045 F 0 047 F '0 076 F 6 021 F B 049 P P 0.4 0.6 * --1.7 0.5 ' 0.5 - 137 1.63 135 0.73 - 192 1.00 IBS 2.10 145 2.04 159 132 - -- - 133 129 133 0.70 0.12 1.08 O.H3 0.52 RESULTS OF U.S.P.H.S. SURVEY AMERICAN 3RAKC SHOE WINCHESTER " VIRGINIA ___ SURVEY: OATE; ..MAY 1971_______ .......... -- . _ j_ -------- . OPERATION AND JOB PERSONAL SAMPLES SAI&LE CONCENTRATION # FIBERS >S\i/cc 210 Mixing, Coating & Extruding Mixer ^- Mixer Mixer Mixer Mixer Mixer ' Mixer Mixer Mixer MIxor Preformer Preformer Prsformer ^ Pr$former ' Preformer - Pre former Preformer Preformer Strip former Strip former Weigiier Weigher Weigher Weigher Weigher Compound Operator Compound Operator Hammer Mi 1i Operator Scale Repairman Mix Inspector Forklift Operator 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 ' 226 227 228 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 205 235 236 5 7 8 9 23 2 3 ' 21 6 4 I ` ' 1.4 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 l.l 8.4 2.9 5.7 1.5 3.4 6.5 1.2 0.7 0.3 1.5 l.l 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.8 l.l -29- 12/15/71 -- IMjT American Brake Shoe Winchester Virginia Survey Date: May 1971 OPERATION AND JOB PERSONAL SAMPLES SAMPLE CONCENTRATION # FIBERS >S\i/oa 220 Forming Strip Roller Strip Roller ' Strip Roller -Strip Ro(ler - --------------------- Strip Roller Strip Roller Strip Roller Shoe Former Shoe Former Shoe Former Shoe Former Shoe Former Shoe Former Shoe Former " Shop Former . Shoe Former Serviceman Bender Operator Bender Operator Bender Operator Bender Operator Bender Operator Bender Operator Hammer Mill Operator Maintenance Hand Roll Former Hand Roll Former Quality Control " Rot Pressing Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator -~ 99 .100 101 105 107 239 240 27 . 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 58 50 19 24 108 MO III 112 20 18 97 106 98 26 29 30 ' 31 33 34 35 5.2 5.0 2.3 1.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.3 0.0 3.3 1.4 1.8 1.3 0.6 4.7 0.9 0.3 . 0.5 5.1 1.5 0.3 2.8 0.4 0.5 - 3.0 2.8 1.3 0.8 7.0 0.2 0.6 3.0 0.5 0.4 4 -30- -^A -A ~ ; ^- - 'u4. U\,J ' >4 , -.'.-'4t ^---e - .2 ^' 1 .-4 m .ft . e> A -'H .1 j i * ** . "3 *& t - -i -j -- !s sijf - . 1JSit *; American Brake Shoe Winchester Virginia Survey Date: May 1971 OPERATION AND JOB _ ______ . PERSONAL SAMPLES SAMPLE CONCENTRATION ____* ... _ # FIBERS >S\i/cc 230 Hot Pressing (continued) Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press* Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Operator Hot Press Leader " Hot Press Foreman Hot Press Duster Hot Press Service Hot Press Service Material Mover Material Mover Furnace Man Hot Press Mechanic Hot Press Set-Up Man Sweeper 240 Baking Oven Loader . Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader Oven Loader 36 37 38 39 40 43 44 . 47 169 176 184 188 192 180 28 46 177 41 42 32 191 25 48 16 60 102 104 _ 171 . 178 \ 182 186 217 237 238 241 242 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 2.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 4.0 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 3.0 0.5 l.i 3.6 ~ 0.5 0./ 0.2 0.2 0.6 - 1.5 . J.2 1.4 l.l 1.4 l.l 2.1 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.4 2.0 ; -31- r American Brake Shoe Winchester Virginia Survey Date: May 1971 --- ------------------------------------- - -- OPERATION AND JOB PERSONAL 'SAMPLES `'SAMPLE -CONCENTRATION &FIBERS >Svuz------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t Baking (continued) Oven Helper : - 15 0.6 Grinding & Sanding Surface Grinder Surface Grinder Surface Grinder Surface Grinder Surface Grinder ' Surface Grinder Surface Grinder Surface Grinder Edge Grinder Edge Grinder Edge Grinder Radius Grinder Radius Grinder Radius Grinder Radius Grinder Radius-Grinder Gore.Grinder Blanchard Grinder Grinder. - . - ' - - Grinder Grinder Grinder Grinder Grinaer Finisher Finisher Finisher- Sander Sander Grinding Leader Inspector Forklift Operator Forklift Operator Forklift Operator Pieman . ---------- 5_ 114 131 132 133 162 163 . 166 168 " 69 70 164 88 148 160 >61 167 125 '-59 61 $3 103 134 135 141 71 72 212 68 n 213 145 62 . 136 146 165 139 - - 1.8 2.7 4.3 1.9 4.0 1.7 2.6 0.2 3.3 2.6 0.5 6.7 5.0 0.7 0.8 2:6 f;0 4.-f t. i 2.2 1.5 2.7 3.6 5.1 2.8 2.2 0.5 5.-8 1.4 1.0 17.5 1.4 1.0 1.4 2.7 American Brake Shoe Winches her Virginia Survey D<sre: May 1971 - OPERATIO!} AND'JOB PERSONAL SAMPLES SAMPLE CONCENTRATION H FIBERS >S\i/cc 260 Cutting and Drilling Do-AI1 Saw Operator Do-AI1 Saw Operator Do-All Saw Operator Do-AI1 Saw Operator Do-AI1 Saw Operator Do-AI1 Saw Operator Cutter Operator Core Saw Operator Core Saw Operator Core Saw Operator .Ripper Ripper " -RiDDer -Ripper Semi-Auto Drill Operator Semi-Auto Drill Operator Automatic Drill Operator 'Automatic Drill Operator .Au Ionia lie Drill Operator 'Automatic Drill Operator TAutomatic Driil Operator rAutomatic Drill Operator 'Automatic Drill Operator Automatic Drill Operator Dri11 Press Operator Drill Press Operator .Dri 11 Press Operator Drill Operator Drill Operator Dri11 Operator Drill Operator Dri11 Leader Counterbore Operator Drill Inspector Set-Up Leader Maintenance , Production Helper 57 109 113 1 16 l|7 118 . 206 121 123 214 65 122 130 140 79 80 "74 83 "85 -87 -90 147 149 150 67 152 157 64 143 - . 144 . 158 ' 66 63 159 82 91 86 1.0 0.8 1.8 0.7 3.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 3.3 0.7 5.4 3.2 2.8 4.8 0.4 3.6 0.6 '0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.6 -4.8 0.4 2.0 0.6 0.3 3.3 2.8 3.3 0.2 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.6 / -33- American Brake Shoe Winches'! cm* Virginia Survey Date: May 1971 . PERSONAL SAMPLES ----- --OPERATION AND JOB- ..................-SAI-IPLE CONCENTRATION if FIBERS >5v/ca 270 Bonding and Riveting Bonder Bonder .Bonder Bonder Bonder Bonder Adhesive App1icator Adhesive Applicator Adhesive App1icator RIvetor RI vetor Rivetor . Inspection and Packing Brander Brander . Brander . Brander Inspector Inspector Inspector 1nspector Inspector Inspector ' Inspector Inspector Painter Pa Inter Painter Painter Painter Painter ' Painter Painter ' ` Painter Packer Packer Packer 170 172 173 183 185 234 230 231 232 75 81 . 233 . 151 153 154 155 73 84 89 94 156 181 190 215 76 77 -- 78 n 124 126 127 128 129 142 * 92 95 96 t! 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 1 .7 5.7 2.5 2.7 0.8 0.9 l.l 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.7 1.9 0.5 1.5 0.8 1.7 0.6 2.0 4.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 3.4 3.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 -34- American Brake Shoe Winchester Virginia Survey Date: May 1971 ' PERSONAL SAMPLES OPERATION AtlD JOB SAl-tPLE CONCENTRATION ----------------------------------------------------------- _ --fibers >S\i/cc 280 Inspection and Packing (continued) Shipping Clerk 179 Shipping Foreman 187 Spray Booth Operator 20! Spray Booth Operator 202 Spray Booth Operator 203 Drying Oven Loader 218 Forklift Operator * 174 Forkl i ft'Operator 175 Miscellaneous ASK Lathe Operator ABK Lathe Operator ABK Lathe Operator ABK Finisher ABK Finisher ABK Pressing Die Cleaner Quality Control Lab Technician Quality Control Lab Technician Quality Control Lab Technician Pilot Plant Operator Pilot Plant Operator Pilot Plant Operator Rubber Mi 11 Operator 207 208 209 210 211 216 204 to 13 14 1i 12 100 17 0.3 0.2 2.4 2.2 1.5 l.l 0.0 0.4 1.7 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.0 X -35- I SUGARY TABLE AMERICAN BRAKE SHOE WINCHESTER VIRGINIA SURVEY DATE: MAY 1971 - OPERATIC,7 & NUMBER OF SAMPLES ( ) -_ _-- CONCENTRATIONS^ FIBERS >S\i/cc LOW RICH MEAN % CONC. % CONC. % CONC. ____ ________________________ >2 --- >6---------->10 -- ------- -- -- ----- --------- . _ - Mixing, Coating, Extruding (31) * 0.0 8.4 1.6 16.1 9.7 0.0 Forning ' (28) 0.0 5.2 1.8 32.1 ' 10.7. 0.0 J Hot Pressing (30) 0.1 7.0 1.2 20.0 3.3 0.0 -- - Baking (14) '' 0.3 2.1 1.2 14.3 0.6 o.o Grinding & Sanding (35) - 0.2 17.5 2.7 51 .4 11.4 2.9 Cutting & Dri1 ITng (37) -" 0.0 5.4 1.7 { 32.4 2.1.1. *N* * 0.0 Bondi no & Riveting - T . (12) ' :____ Inspection Packing- ?" (32) " 0.3 . 5.. 7. , 1.5 "" -- - - o-.o : 4.6 1.2 25.0 . 18.8 8.3 . 0.0" 0.0 0.0 Miscellaneous (14) 0.3 1.7 l.l 0.0 0.0 0.0 -36- 12/15/7 8 g o 0) g -i re 8. 5E c o s<0 ^ fl) 0) 0 o E* 3 fl) s </> >> O >> v oc> 38 2| ! B C |e o oU) <0 uo> <0 wo o o .tT* ||| ! m IU S Q- o3r 0*-) 0) (0 O ft. 1-2 S </) Q_ 3 o 0) > o fl) d) XI tf) Reproduced byNTZS National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA 22161 This report was printed specifically for your order from nearly 3 million titles available in our collection. For economy and efficiency, NTIS does not maintain stock of its vast collection of technical reports. Rather, most documents are custom reproduced for each order. Documents that are not in electronic format are reproduced from master archival copies and are the best possible reproductions available. 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