Document 2jYKzznYk17KVJ6yjDOgazw25

-ir ^ J ?' Air lygieMHPounde tion of America, Inc., 400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, P. February 10, 1938 REFERENCES TO RECENT TURE ON DUST DISEASES l.Newa 98 XEi7 CO NT; g. News Rac. 119, 1058-61 (Dae* 30, A group w York area, under tha direetion of ^(ohktfTting wining < oped a dust control system involving siwijrwlins prin- oiples. esigned to meet requirements of tha Sbiwr State sill- oosis law dust oontrol methods on evas iwdrilling Job in tha Stats s bean put in operation am tng^lxth Ave subway, Tha *0*41 )nn at a drills and ventilatifdQMpes, oonnaotad to a cenis sprayed oitf^&\pnr and tha combined, dust r is fare* as into outV^nSipM. Tha ventilating system capacity of lw, of ai^maeVSSnute Impinger dust oounts under oparting conditions particles (under 10 microns) par oubia foot* Th# eantra jYotlans to tha dry drilling with looal xhaust hoods and prtst of aridanea against tha existence of a pntuBonia ha sard in wt dr 99.TCT DRILLING FOR SILICONS Ehg^ Rao. 120, 118 (Jan. 20, 1938). This not# report;^piTofotay in sting/, the wet process drilling system Just described, made at Totta-Uap, tha Letchworth Tillage site being unsuitable are made during Jqpe t bar, 1937. On tha basis of the results ctora, in eooparalLe^)wi Compressed Air Institute, sub- aittej on for approval of 'Wpt^ri! th ventilation, and the State coda based on tha application mA, ta The ooda and suggested rules under oonsidaration by a new adV^ ^ and if their reoort is ible, tha early approval of wet drill action is expected as an Accepted method of control under tha Silico DEALING 77ITH VIOLATIONS OF THE "UREM5N*S COMPENSATION Survey of Labor Law Admin* 8 (Daoambar 1937)* - Effeotive campaign against maployers who flout or aunt tha law haa bean waged by tha New fork Labor DepartoBent with tha cooperation af=%a Attorney General, ac cording to Industrial Commissioner Z. F. Andrews* Thir^prtneipal type of ewes ion which arose during tha depression was tha "leasing* of oiMUlra or apaea to workers or partnership or sub-contract agreements. Tha weapons \fgg^re first, education end then proseoution* Many employers, their organizations ^unions, end banking end financial organisations have cooperated in the educational program. The law has also bean violated by physieiena in various respects, including solicitation, flagrant advertising, falsa testimony, padded medloal bills, refusal to operate without written orders, and limitation or dlsoontinuanos of treatoant for fear th' bill will not be paid* In handling these violations, tha Labor Departaant has th' support of tha courts and of oounty medloal societies* A committee is now con sidering complaints against physicians as part of tha larger problem.of establish lng sound prlnoiplea of medical practice for possible future amendments to the _ PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT References to Recent Literature - 2 101 PffiPARING STATE INFORM'.I ION ?0" UORZERS. Survey of Ubor Uw Admin. 8 (Deo. 1937) The New Torlc State Department of Labor has just issued a 32 page, vest pocket booklat concerning tha Stata Unemploymant Insurance Law, antitied "Information for Employees." It explains tha procedures for filing applications for laws and for unemployment insurance benefits. To meat tha public demand, 5 million oopias are being printed. 102 occupational disease C0ITENS..TI0N. Pittsburgh Had. Bull. 27, 71 (Jan. 22, 1938) and other sources. A new occupational disease compans^tiS^ltw went into effect January 1 in PannsyW vania^the 21st Stata to adopt stfwBflmgfalation. The causes of compensable dust^daj) disease a^e specifically parted. They includei poisoning from lead,iwm? cury, archie, tnjjnuiasa^diosbWorus, methanol, oarbon bisulfide, hydrpoOho^^dls- tillatei^/h^ogena^S^Jj^^aa^oons, benzol and its nitro, ealdo or amo\\ieritb- times, return, x-ra^/^r^ino acid and its salts; infection from dM&apItch, bi tumen, minexe$^oUKSiK!fin, oils, cutting oompounds, lubricadis/^St, liquids, fumes, gaseyvgMgMC^^athrax; and injury from asbestoeisfi^saaebsia or anthra- ooais (minp^^fj^tlsns) ^ad^aisson disease (eampreasednir\l^ss). Silicosis, anthraco is are not compensab^CTW temporary or partial die abil Loyai not exoeed 93,6fNPfrOBy one case. These limits tjdfr dy-dot apply on the Indus' industrial dlMMel^tfmed. The eost will bear mor greatM4P&Q&strial disease hazards. A iwoent surray of rdw in Pennsylvania, tabulated and an- a lysed by a TEA projee JHwurvey of 16,000 industrial establish- ments, indioata a that the'' ployees exposed to industrial disease hazards was 672,010, of whi< be sorered by the new law. Copies of the Occupational Cessation Law are obtainable from the Depar~ mant of Labor and Indus burgV-o\ 103 TRAINING FENNSYL7 INSPECTORS/^Kr^py of Labor Law Admin. 3, (Dec. '3' Certificates had caaplet ly awarded to>9<l Penna^jrania State faotory inspectors whr ining offered is^thpse separdte, 2 weeks' safety and health trainin Labor, These 3 courses werer^anizAd^by\the Pennsylvania Department of .ustry in cooperation with tSCmive^Awof Pennsylvania, University o gh and Pennsylvania State Colle$ey>$ssi*U$)y members of the safety th staff of the Division of Labor dsschools supplied instruc in and olassroam and study facilities. ioa&^ettures on safety and iealth subjects were supplemented by inspeotios^tripa tbr^dvariety of industrial plants with satisfactory and with unsatisffcotory oaaditib**. These trips were fo.' lowed by olassroam disoussion of the hazards obserw? with proposed and accom plished methods for their oorrection. Daily smninat^ene and a final 3 hour ex amination were given. Plana for continued training tre^^eing made, and special courses in safety preswtion and safety organization erasing oonsidered for in spectors who Imve indicated ability for advanoed work. ad^Reesing the candidates for oertifioates. Secretary of Labor Perkins forecast a nm^pe of faotory in spector who, through, treining, study and praotloal serrloev^rould elevete his :r fession to a high plane. 104 DRAFTING HULKS FOR DOST ADD JTJME CONTROL. Survey of Ubor Uw Admin., 2 (Dee. 133' A. ooaaittee baa been appointed to assist the Usssaohusetts Deparbnent of Labor acr Industry in the preparation of rules and regulations for the oontrol of hazardous dusts and ftaws in the manufacturing establishments of the State. This effort toward industrial dust control ia a sequel to the investipitian of 'the Itessaohuse'** Industrial Disaaae Camission of 1933-34 and to the findings of the granite dust control project, oenduoted during 1935 and 1936 by the Departaent's Division of Occupational Sygiena. References to Reoent Literature - 3 105 NEBRASKA'S SAFETY CODE EOF. TEE CLEANING .JFD DYEING injUSTRY. Surrey of Labor Law Adain. 4 (Deo. 1937). Under the Nebraska law empowering the creation of code commissions to provide pro tection to employees, the State labor departeent and the code conaission for the industry hare recently revised the cleaning and dyeing .code, the new rules to take effect April 1, 1936. 106 STATEWIDE SAFETY CONFERENCE IN SO ROLUtA. Survey of Labor Law Admin. l4-^Bbcnber 1937). The t South Carolina Stat#*wi afety Conference, sponsored by dustri its Department of Labor cooperating Columb "registrations exceeding 2,000. Repro industry She State participated in the general and seetional A variety o joint exh ident prevention materi*JkweJ*fiiibited. The and the U.S. DepartaenHk^r"Labor pointed outr the poggiAl lafety efforfcTOR the task ahead. 107 IIBLIOCRAFHT^I 6 (Dee. 1937) Issued in September, t ences on industrial modi faotories, physiology, oauses of injury, infection social insurenoe statist! office of the Interest HYGIENE. Survey of Labor Law SO pages of well-olassifled refer plptoplos as the medical inspection of pathology of industries and processes, 4 first-aid legislation, soeial medioine nd aeurp may be obtained from the Washington ici^^d Jackson Flaoe, N. W. -- ^P*ra Dust, isos and General Ini&ati^ial Hygiene. 108 3UREAB Feicht eoi 5GET IMPINGES FOR Schrenck. U.3.Bureau Lfisiijfa*NRe'p1 Lnable from Division of Infortjitibn, I J.B.LittiefieId, Florence L. vestiget ions No. 3360. Free ^^ureau of Hines, Washington, f disadvantages in the use of the , especially in sines fa other places accessible with difficulty light, and power re- quirements. It requires either a source of eli sompressed air, which nooessitatoe oonnootioae and extension of existiiij^dsuppl] .inea to eaoh sampling point; the only alternative is the use of a relate e^fy>laarige pump hand-operated with considerable effort. To overcome those objections e midget sampler has been devised, whioh samples et about one-tenth the rate of 'th# regular inatrument, and is easily operated by a small, hand-cranked pump o^td^ned in the oarrying case. Ihe satire outfit does not weight over 12 pounds. ea be operated in relatively oonfined pieces end with little phyaioal effor6^0 12-inch heed of water is required for operation. The implnger tube end oylDBder ere similar in design to the regular inatrument, but have a total height of about 5 inches. The tube may be provided with projections to ensure proper cantering in the cylinder. The orifice is 1 m. in diameter. Kldget implnger samples ere counted essen tially as are samples collected *1 th the regular instrument. The procedure de scribed in United States Publlo Health Bulletin 217 la followed, exoept that al cohol (ethyl, normal propyl or isopropyl) la used as the collecting and diluting liquid. Taats on silica dust in various ooneeatrations showed that the couats agree with those obtained with the regular instrument. Synthetic rubber (Neoprene) stoppers were found not to contaminate the sample, end are preferable to bleak or grey rubber stoppers for that reason. (Announcement of the avail ability of this instrument from a manufacturer la expected In the near future.} References to Reeent Literature - 4 109 INVESTIGATION OF IBS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAUSCH AND LOKB DOST COUHTZR. S. '.V, Gurney, C.Z.Tfilliams end R. R. lieigh, Engineering Lab., Liberty liutual Insurance Co., Boeton, Hess. J. lad. Eyg. 20, 24-35 (jan. 1933) Reprints obtainable from Senior author. The Bausoh and Lomb dust counter is in principle an Owens jet counter with several features added, designed to make it a more jraetical instrument for general field use. Its essential features are a pump, a moistening chamber, a circular glass slide, a microscope and a slit which was 6 x 0.1 mm. in the original Instrument. Dust particles adhere to the slide by^frns of water condensed on them, by pre liminary humidification as in the Owntev^istrument. The particles are counted undst^^darkfield magnification o^ew.^various slit widths ware tried in prA*v<^ limihic^jaxperimehts, but t^s^4 inn width was seleoted as the best alternative^? to the Mew he up, and )ln the experiments, dust olouds of found "and a mixture of zinc and aagnesiumox^leaj we set taken during settling of the dust.tf^fia^Met in- oluded 1 and one with each duet id 2 Bausch and Lomb samples, one witf^vtimpu.l on. slit taken simultaneously* Two sump sons were made for ales of dust rare also taken in^c^eeral industrial establish] to tip&vf&r the the counts with the Orfrak^ouster, with each slit, .found for eaoh bsrar'^BOse ratios varied from 0 *or for^Ehe 0*4 am* slit. id from OaK^^Nra^texoluding uncountable samples hi^#d^\ratios ;e>i\Snd in the mixed oxide dusts. The prineipel faotor fey was the article site, more of the finer partides being ri lh and Lcnb field. ^ith the 0.1 am. slit a reasonable difference 1 plunger made little difference in the count, end a half stroke f idtsjv as provided for, was practicable; with the 0.4 mm. slit, on the tfjje^e^unt was reduced 10 to 15?( by a decrease of 50f* in speed of the and*a he IX^troke gave unreliable results. he results lead the a 'belia(r"'thatx'^MpB^uaoh and Lomb Counter fitted w.- the 0.4 am. orl 'be used as a ^*latlW^bfaure of industrial dustiness engineering purposes. Rowevir*, ncr>6r relation figure appears pcs sib Is for use iaea Bausoh and Lomb counts to ilent impinger values under t.'.r its one of concentration, si^i r^ige [cmpositlon found in industry, the 0.4 asa. slit the sorrel t^rtter than with the 0.1 an. BEH&7I0R OF CEST.ET DUSTS UNDER ISCEABICA: J.B.Fieklen and L.l. Gooldec. Science 95, 587-3 (June 13, 193 ,ts. This brief paoer reports e study of brealage of iherio partiolea in the proc ess of impingement on a glees plate, as in the icCAmt oounter. The authors find that the ratio of smaller particles to partisiTooXX. the original size tb rte s from 4.5 times to 100 times, according to Him Telooitycnfimpingement, in the case of feldspar, and quarts similarly gives ratios of 3 tiaed^o 50 times. Dried spores of pensilliua oxalicum show no particles smaller t^^the original. (The count of original particles was evidently made by Fioklen'a^ilotographio method.) In ell cases of dry Impingement a variable amount of aoatterlhg of particles cut- side the field of impingement was seen. In impingement an a wetted surface con siderable material below 0.5 micron was noted. The authors conclude that any es timate of particle site distribution in tha air frem the partiolea resulting from impingement is erroneous. Ill METHODS OF SAi.TT.ING -ED DUST IETE3UKATICB IS THE ITEES OF ONTARIO. Geo. I. C. Borman. Am. Inst. ^in. list. Engrs., Tech. Pub. Bo. 857, 20 pp. (1937). The kanimeter, Greenburg-Selth impinger, thermal precipitator, Owens jet duet oounter end filters as dust samplers ere oompared. The standard procedure for konlmeter sampling aa used in Ontario is described in datail. References to Recent Lltereture - 5 112 JUSTS THAT HARM. R.R.Sayers. Ret. Safety News 37, 51-2, 32-5 (Jen. 1938). Although several extensive papers on effects of dust have been prefaced by a clas sification of dusts, the present paper deserves attention as an interesting and logical classification of dusts with regard to their effects. The two general classes are organic and inorganicj and^nrganlc dusts are divided into non-living and living. Ron-living dusts are aggsTclassifled as toxic and irritant, and all^ro. Irritant dusts are thM^mr^heing local effects, while toxic dusts,, are^hpse oaus&g general or sysvfeplo symptoms, but a dust nay be both toxft"X irritant^/ The "IreMt offendtfrf'iRtn this class are paranitraniline, the dia&zvo^'' beniene'd^^hlorodi^tro^meMr, trinitrophenol and nitronephtha 1ene.tgyr violet oftei oaus A 'Station, and some other dye dusts are >fltev^i^nsrdous. Inhaled tomes niootlne action on the organism 15 higw^seater than that produce quinine, s same tobacco. Picric aoid and~ftnrencploslves, its produce speolfio effeots. (Cftrfrgic dusts do not affect a thos %^j^Vbdiilly decided effect on the^jftn ob^respiratory system ol ism. Examples arexM&ra? fur, oertain woods, and rjw^D^r^<,ivlng due aether harmful i iteria and of the same site range Examples.*^6*eyerie are those of anthrax and tetanus, but a vurie arly caused. Among fungus dusts are a mold affecting bos gillus, found in cotton mildew. Ia- organic dusts may be t ibroeis-producing or non-fibroris-pro duelng. The toxic dusts pels, suoh as lsad, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, sine and their d other alkalies and dlohramates are especially irritating, q -jj ah. ,ple of a dust that is both toxic ar.d irritant, producing is Qttd cance 11 as systemio effects. It is un- necessary to go ip^Vd1 about" fibrosis uoing dusts, except to nentian those such as st, which produqtps i ibrosis. Those classed as nc~- fibrosis-pr non-irritant rily harmless, as when inhal-c tions they may lend tb^br r respiratory diseas d out in tho Introduction 1 , the more harmful it is, other that the more sol- . ,ual, although a relate. - e dust such as silica say be deoido er a long period. JUST CONTROL IN I'.DUSTRY. J. D. Lcitoh, L. (lottors) 140, 772-3 '.Oct. 30, 1937). V. A. Briscoe. Ram Tho first two authors criticise the suggestion of'^Csooo (our abstract 393, 132' thrt the mixture of ether duets might be used to minimias tho effeot of siHcco-; da.-as- Tho roal way no prevent silicosis is to removspjfaiet from the breathed either by dust suppression or by the use of rospiratoric^^n his reply, Brisoce ag. ets that dangoroue dusts should be suppressed by all means. Ha main- tn^ns. however, that the moat dangerous, i.e. the finost, nation of dusts is mot difficult to suppress, and that therefore it is possible that good vcntilo* and still more, tho wuarlng of masks, my give a false sense of seeurity. 114 DUST CONTROL IN MINING OPERATIONS. J. T. McIntyre. J. Chcm. Min. * Met. See. So. Africa 38, 145-7 (3opt. 1937). (Tho paper T7 not given under tho above title but rather at a contribution to discussion of Brlseoo's paper - our abstract 393, 1937). The author describes . ejoetor, oporated by eomprossod air, with a rubber ring which fits over a drill shaft, which is used to exhaust the dusty air from a drill hole. A brief disc.* sion of methods and principles of wetting dusts follows. References to Rceont Litcraturo - s 115 SILICO-TUBERCULOSIS. D.M.Brumficl end L.T.Gardner, Saranac Laboratory, Sarasae Lako, N.Y. la* Rot. Tubere. 36, 757-62 (Dee. 1337). Reprints are probably aTtiliable at the abovo address. The term "silioo-tubcreulosis" is used in the United Statos to denote a chronic tuberculosis in silicotic lungs. The semo condition is called tubcrculosilicosis in South Africa, and tho other tern applies there only to a tubcroulosis imposed on a generalized nodular silicosis. The disease differs from common tuberculosis in tho following respeetsi (1) it appjatfs usually in the Sth or 6th decade of life; t(2) there is a strong tondengirHwrcrd chronioity and a low grade of toxic, ity'i^a^ (3) tubercle bacilli aro^^K^f&ult or impossible to demonstrato in spu' .ouri/Kof the dlseaso. The x-ray may show actcris&6 .ga gos, and tho person may remain appai for a lag^ptriod however, an advance in tuberculosis Advanced other, but not a superimpocitlon of either the ike a mixture of reaotioas to both tt^n^irbacilli and silica in th; tissuo and^.&hjdpLfSva s tifiod^i (ri0t8^jtfrm witfcdelKma'symbiot diments of organizing tubch^ldgjM? granulation.? fibrosis, often not nojhilai^jtg rorm, oan bo lden- roulosis that 4evcLdtf&An -a existing silicosis aymbiotio silico*dWere?"r stago. Further olar- idmSagiJtudy should shagews in sillcotios health* Tho ideal mo * how characteristic *srt(\fSkfully in spite of apparent good rcuu^rost treatment at the first sign of progression* but as ox for psychological reasons* probably the best plan is removal brk. 116 EMPHYSEMA AS A FACTOR IN '^EUMOCONTOTIC COAL MINERS. S. Lylo Cummins. J. lad. Hyg The author believes .-l<<fyan. 1938). itto^fqcuscd on tho silicotio nodule, mottling seen oms, shortness of J^eath, found in silicosis, ocher symptoms, su hysema, Ogiinsi tly considered. It is well known that* rss of breath does n'oottTT'Wrun 1 with mottling and nodulatio; in sil and emphysema aayXb*M fadtciK in development of dyspnea, to extent than has been suspeeWt^v' awing typee or stages of are describedt (l) infundibular semn^^q "sorbo" type; (2) emphysema* the *honey oaab"type and imphy^^bous blebs and bullae. the first two typee* some connection with ^ outeiK^4r\apparently remains but in the blebs and bullae* it is completely shyrtFoff.v^-fJebs are thin-walled bladder-like prominsnoes found on the surface of "tjis^lung* but situated within the pleura* while bullae* of similar nature* are latte lung tissue itself. The present paper sunarizes the observations of othfTS^on emphysema in its various stages* as found in pneumoconiotio miners* prSX^mjriary to a thorough experimental study* Emphysema may arise from other oaud^f-ksuch aa asthma and bronohitis. It is fbund espeoially in young children an^Og^d persons. The term "congenital" properly applies to the former, and the posaibQ^ty is suggested tr. when emphysema results from pneumoooniosis, the varying resistance of individual;: may not be due so much to speoiflo resistanoe to tha effeot of dusts as to vary ing susceptibility to emphysema. However* he finds a definite relation between dust accumulation and emphysema, with the distinction that fibrosis ooours in the less native portions of the lungs* while emphysema i* more frequent where the lm: have the best exerolse* The loss of elasticity of the lunge is not due to change in the fibers* but to their breaking and destruction, found to the greatest exmer in the blebs and bullae. The principal factor in the development of emphysema is probably overcoapensation in increasing the amount of surface for air contact. Where miners live a long time with both emphysema and flbroaia, their sustaining factor la probably enlargement of the blood vessels, whioh is noticed in lungs so affeoted* Emphysema of a limited nature is also found with accumulations of dust apparently unoonneoted with silioosie* Referenoea to Reoent Literature - 7 117 PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OP ASBESTCSIS. T. di Biasi. Areh. f. Gewerbepathol. u. Gewerbehyg. (German) 8_, 139-55 (1937). Tha author preeents an exhaustive description of a fatal eaaa of asbestosls, with .T.acrosooplo and mieroseopio findings. A diffuse fibrosis was seen spreading from the top toward the bottom* In asbestosls the x-ray indications are slight, with very noticeable lung symptoms, while the reverse oonditions are true in silicosis, and the anatomical and histologioal findings in the two diseases differ through out. The conditions in asbestosls mamfic explained by the mechanical action of the asbestos needles. Asbestosis^M^me^be used as a support for the existence of ^/xljlieatosis. 113 SHVERfi^l^JVOCdimX 1518-22 The autho flaky and whioh is tails of of spi ^COGNITION. 7. Reiahmann. Med. 7Telt silicosis to be "severe" only when thlSsw&y shows . Honeycomb patterns are signsofffojpwlier stage, flulo stage and finally the one iSet^intioned. De al pictures are dlsousse^* ans^djge diagnostic value s and sphygmograms J^CMEbasised. 119 !0| A1CNG IS STERN ACS .R.Moore. Med. J. Australia 1-5 (Oct* 30, 1925 pre-employs!' lo examinations of metal miners ha- been compulsory in Waste mployees must be free of tuberou- losis, industrial pulmona sertain other oonditions* At present 93.7% of the employees are d with 80% in 1925-6, and silioosis has fallen fraa 16.1% to 6%. _ of silioosis with tuberculosis anc tuberculosis alozm has S^ram^.S tq/J^2% and from 0*3 to 0.1% respectively Two forms of the stdgenif sl$4&eeis have been found, characterized by fine and coa ing, respectively, w^h^a ratio of 4*1. In advanced cas the frecucncyrhtf bout oven, c.n^ii casb^^irlth tuberculosis the ratio of fine to T"he'se f-inding' the^jiavor to believe that pure sil- ieosi up of/^nf employees studied over IT ye^^v^^of all workers and 40% of thoe loj^ea^QBderground showed progresslc ?ast tho primary stage of silioosis' l.SflLwVthe total developed tu- .osis* Of minors suffering ante-, ,icoJ 1925-6, over 25% de- .oped silicosis within 10 years, and 4.2% sl^ SOSis xtubereulosis. These results show that although silicosis is still being) con* bod, a pronounced re - duction has been brought about by the law. 120 EXHAUST REQUIREMENTS FOB FOUNDRY DUST CONTROL. JohidfLj&me, American Air nice. Co., Louisville, Ey. Foundry 6, 30-2, 74 (Jan* 1938j^r^prlnts or general in fix motion obtainable frmi the author. This paper was prepared under tho auspices of the Engine^ign^ocsmittce of the Dust Control Equipment association, and the data proseatedintonded to be used only as a guide for average requirements, to be modified as particular ren ditions require. The largest aaount of exhaust air required for duet control will be applied to the operations ineidental to tho shaking out of tho casting, and the hooding or enoloslng of that operation requires more oareful study than any other dust-produoing proeess. An overhead hood is advisable where possible. Another solution Involves sldo hoods, but thoy require larger air volumes. An air surtain syetom oonfines the duet with moderate air volvaoe moro effectively than sido or downdraft hoods. Exhaust hoods should bo provided at all transfer points, ond sand screens should be enolosed where possible. Storage bins far soma also require exhaust oonneotlone. An ehalosuro should be provided at miser or mullors* All the suggested types of equipment for dust oontrol arc described briofly, with tabulated epcolflaations, and illustrated by diagrams. References to Roeent Literature - 9 121 NEW COMIRBSSZD AIR FttlER. S. Smoletyk. Gasmasks 122-7 (1937) (German). This is an illustrated description of tho new Auer compressed air filter which removes oil flaws from the compressed air used in masks and helmots. It is adapted to pressures up to 9 atmospheres and can supply 120 liters (4 plus cubic feet) of air per minute to 3 persons simultaneously. 122 ERAEGER FINE DUST FILTER DF 90. 3. Ncujoks. Draegerhcft, no. 192, 3647-51 (1937). (Gorman). The author describes the use of this ter for dust and metal flaws, introduced ccnancroially seme time ago. Illus ,s are included. n&UL mm. a.*.. .n 123 SO TIES CB01 Reid Fennsy obtaimab' vaboi OF ROEI id Dal O'Neill, Moore School X-Ray Lab., Uh^, Am. Rev. Tubere. 37, 1-13 (Jan* 198i A oomparis- the most important methods for the of tuber- col osis and including * (l) stereoseopio pojd&rqdkJtcrior, single posteroan lateral roentgenograms om^fllsQ^Usde with full- " -- ly a. ktus with exposures of&ti&Veeond or less; (2) fior ntgeno "usual ly re pa^pSroantorior roe: following conclusions films made witkHMr&ilc self-reotified ap- ijare times of<gQn ytond to 1.0 sooend; (3) per, as^TtaSTluorosoopiQ examination. Tho 'Ob&^^frq^ ^c^)b.athors1 observations i (1) four- valve roentgenographie a cssary to obtain ehest r paratus gives less sharp exposure; (3) the fluoros. itus films and auxiliaries is noothe highest quality; (2) portable apapcount of chest motion during the longer g^e'&y inferior contrast and brightness c-.- pared with that of fl ntge are technically those^phoduee^) is about 13 jSOOw^w^epoond, $l,3C0; jind s; and (4) roentgenograms on rape: film. The cost of the first type uorosoopc, |1,200. A question- naire was senAtoQ^aumbcr of roentgdn^logl satisfaetprU^^edd in routine work.'^^Mast 0 detormina tho methods most replies indicated preference Worough method of stareoi^opic rWjrtgcnograms in diagnosis of pr.eu motisfilhs^pT'although many considered thtt:"* le ^wphure method sufficient fsr Feting purposes, suoh as the e: offtewol children. The use of did not find muoh support rmong thos tidii|d\ The Fbwers paper roll i'thod is used muoh more than cut p. a.per., an # sug^rts that a film roll me cl is a possible improvement* Additional wepk aadditihV)questions will be ncc essary to solve the probloms of the value of p&f^jCJ roeifqfenograaie and posslbilo of improvement of portablo apparatus. ___ 124 TEE TCQCICITT OF 8ILIC0H. Carey P. JicCord, William GV7Fderiok and Stanley Tool J. Lab. Clin. Mid. 23, 278-9 (Dec. 1937). Tho injurious prope^ies of silica and some silicates ar^nll Imown, and ergaai silicon compounds are known to be toxic, but the quostiod~2W$toxicity of elemen tary silicon has arisen. That point was tested by injoetint's 11 ioon dust into animals, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously and intramusoularly, and evidence wr.s sought for Immediate toxioity and for known effeots of dust. No toxie offset vr found and the changes over long periods wore those, of dusts olasslfled as inert. 125 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS TO T3 HEALTH CONGEESS AT BIRMINGHAM; SECTION OF HYGIENE. H. E. Collier. J. Roy. San. Inst. 5, 265-70. (Nov. 1937). This address was a plsa for greeter cooperation betwwen soioneo and industry far health promotion. In the disousslon, an industrial health sorvlee was suggested with health offloers, welfare personnel, industrial nurses and faotory inspector who would work in olose cooperation with publio health and sshool modical servic References to Roeont Literature - 3 126 EVALUATION OF TEE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PR0BLZI5 OF A STATE. J. J. Bloomfield and ifcry ? Feyton. Riblio Health Hull# No. 236 (Juno, 1937). 126 pages. Obtainable from Supt. of Docunents, TTnshington, D. 0. for IS cents, cash.' This Bulletin reports the results of an extensive industrial hygicno survey of the State of Maryland, to be used as the basis far an industrial hygiene program. The survey comprises a study of industrial establishments employing 136,000 per sons as representative samples of tho^hotnl of approximately 3 times the.t number, excluding occupations recognised as<K&emlly non-hazardous. Several bureaus o\ thctate and Bnltimoro City Dogr^Wi^of Health cooperated with the T.S.Put HoSjtJx)Scrvioe is the surveys NuldQtous tables list the various hazards, ficd"3^brdi: id oooupations. A oanploto summary oar vided tho totSJ/m: out the most important hazards with thdT^tySfte of 'exposed in the State are as follows<^$jWs^monoxide, 41,000; r,000; me tall io mineral dusts, 32,0OOfN^iJ&jr28,00O; other subsi ^pf producing dermatitis, 24,000; yedWH^Tust, 3,000; and lecd, 16,004 ^ formation on exposure to speeif^kj&fxerials is not presentod^^ ] is nvailnblo in tho repraU orthe Stato agencies whieh^jbacfcfate^ 127 CTICAL AFPL [OLGGY TC IK INDUSTRY. J. Roy. San. In*f. 58, 281-93 (So Numerous examples of t results of physiological research to industry are given, and thore is now available a mass of Imawlec the proper use of which efioial effect on the health of industrir 'workers. The author emphas, csent need is not so much for new -t- search as for the (-u-^thot ble knewlodge and its application i industry. Before rogrpseAean de in this diroction it win :e essary to create^ nations^ health servico. Such a serna: a would at least his goneratioiT^o sr 0 of work done 20 or acre years ago. J<s> UBOR OFFICE AND 'TORID sse mod., 1227-8 (1337). ( report on the work of that Office us trial hygiene and Compensation for indu^^trixl d USTRLvL DISEASES. L. practice and teaching o: HEALTH OF THE NAT ION' 3 7T0RXERS. Josephine Rochflijr^Fersol (Nov. 1937). J. _1_6, 159-64 Tho author dieouesee the relationship between ineosstv^d diseaso, showing that t tubcreuloeie death rato is 7 times as high in unskiilwC^rorkers as in profession al peoplo; the pnoumonia rato is correspondingly 3^ ti^pe^s high and that from cancer 50 higher* Infant mortality rates doorcase almoe^Ln a straight line as income inoreases. '^ 130 FACTORIES ACT, 1937. (Qroat Britain). H.It.Stationery Office. Copios of the obtainable from British Library of Information, 270 Madieea Ave., New fork City. An extensive abstract of this law fills several pages of J. Ind. Hyg. A Toxicol. Feb. 1938. A brief susnary of tho main features is prosented here. In this act, recently pasted by the British parliament, the old distinctions between "factor!' and "workshops" and betweon "textile* and Tion-textile" factories are abolished, and they are all to bo known as "factorios" and considered alike. The act con tains many new provisions as to health, safety and welfaro generally. The gen eral headings aro health, safety, welfare, investigations of accidents asd in dustrial diseases, employment of women and young persons, and duties of employed persons. Of particular interest to our group are the requirements for the re moval of dust and fumes. Exhaust appiioncos must be provided as near as poasiblo to the source. No meals arc to be oaten where danecrous dusts or fumes :r References to Reoont Literature - 10 given off. A formal investigation into my accidont or ease of disoGse con tracted or suspoctcd to be contracted in a factory nay be made by order of the Secretary of Stato. Tho examining surgeon must investigate and report on eases of death or injury caused by exposure in a factory to fumos, etc., or cases referred to him by tho Factory Inspector. 3afety provisions are specified for work in close a spaces which mry contain dangerous fumes. All stops must be taker, to prevent explosion of inflanaablo dusts. Other provisions relate to cleanli ness, overcrowding, heating, ventilatien, lighting, medical supervision, new machinery, vessels containing dan^edSMS liquids, safe access to workplaces, drinking water, wcshing^mcilftics, clothing accomodations, eye pro^ tedtisr. liftig\of oxcossita^wcfiSes, and overtime. ^ 131 TEE S! IStuSES. J. 7T. Randall. Safety Sng((tM (Oct.), This is a c. 1937). occupational diseasos from tho insKarasi^^tandpoiat, including of occupational disease lcgisla^^nyg^Nrinition of oc- c upa t ionOjL rl discc^M pensation problems.. Tho defiMifcirof an oecupr.tiocconditions that aro^reractSristic of and poculiai to , occupation or^MtamBnt" is stressed, as op- the defi in "all-ineljj*ive$^ovcrago in favor in same q^rtors. Tho pro rdTcrence to the Nor llAbili&Onm^hiiieosis Is -iso discussed, with fSiro proof of 2 years' exposure tc silica dust in tho sta can be awarded. That law also con- tains a provision for a Conjiittee, which is urged as a nocesrr factor in proper oaapensa Any legislation must be fair to emplo*, cr and employee; the *al cannot last. I*ebor will have to bt convinced that the pla; not prejudicial to its interes:. - - unusual cases of e on saatv arc^dOdcribed, which show the need of fa: compensation laws* UT^e program of^-thc ers Insurance Co. (very sinil:r others) is It includes couplet' neering surveys, rec contendo i ~. of suitabla'^teqges in equipment, ph&#$al examinations, special precaution agains^^d^srial poisoning, md ca oleqwav of personnel. COMPENSATION IE NE7f YORK - A}? AJEOLING ffiC^RI). Am. Lab. Logis. Her. L49-51 (1937). W><\ iis short article, writton from the labor mtwlpoinW/^eotrasts the silicosis laws in New York and Wisconsin. In tho original:Sw T^rl^law, protection vas given tc all victims of occupational diseases. "-Argjiic was thereby created m: insurance companies, aaployers and even employeesf^^pding to an amendment -w.:: drastically limits payments and makes no allowonee^for^partial disability. In the first year, 6 victims were ccmpoasated at a totaJf\&st of 94,535. In E-.s- consin the original law still prevails, and although ac3ifh point of $429,::c bonofits was reached, the total compensation has sinee ^^gn to a reasonable figure and the worker is well protected. The author consd^ps that in New Yen "tho principle of compensation is violated aftor depriving^ho worker of his right to sue." POLLUTION 133AER0SGLS. OUST, SMOKE, FOG, CLOUDS AND AIR/AS PROBLEMS HEL-TING 3CIENCE, ICCS'Cii- ICS AND HEALTH. H.TT.Lehso. Can. Chcm. 4 Met. 21, 340-2 (Oct. 1937). An aerosol is a system consisting of finsly-divTTed matter - solid or fluid, -.j porsod or suspended In a gaseous medirna. Studies of aerosols have been -c i<j along mathematical, physical end engineering lines, but little has been Icimei about their colloid chemistry. The present paper reviews some of the newer icvelopmcnti in the study of aorosols, and emphasises their importance in cr.c economics of our daily aotivlty. Rcfereneo is made to the symposium of the Faraday Society in 1936, at which soma papers were presonted that have been abstracted in our Bullotins. Aerosols inoludo dust olouds, smoko, fog, cl cuds References to Reoent Literature - 11 aad haze. Dusts consist of solid particles produced by disintegration or disper sion, and range down to 0*1 micron in size; smokes are produced by condensation, and range down from 1*0 micron. Clouds and fogs are formed by condensation of water on solid partieles (nucM). Hear the coast the nuclei consist of salts from sea-water, and in industrial sections to some extent sulfuric acid and other acids* Industrial fogs may also be nuk*aqueous, e.g. tar and oils* Instability is an essential feature of aerosolsare eventually settled, dissolved or evaporated* The formula for rete,^?ljs5p*liflg of dust clouds is given, with fre' eralA^sts. Exploeibillty is a hazard in all, bustl archarge which they readily acquire mayc plosion*^ O^sHT flames. Several methods have been ntfebo^^for the diss~ have not been markedly successful* say be coagulate precipitation, thermal preoipitation-sor^rrabrsonic wave or may be tion* Only eleotriaal preeipitahioflk^w filtration are used aj; in same ersial scale. The extent of wjnpeflnerio pollution n; in Liverpool, for inrtanc)^e83 tons of solids, incljadfS intone tar, l^p^deposited per squarnlcIsNper year. Air pollution conneete< ponomy, as wejj Fral health, of progrei :ion of aj [on are given* (3) Hpers on Industrial it is, etc. 134 TOXICITY OP INDUSTRIAL 0 SUMMARIES OF HJBLISEED 7T0RX. E. Browninf Ind* Health Research Boards Spdges./vmH.K.If.Stationery Office, London, 1937. Obtainable fran British. Lon, 270 Shdison Avw., New York City. Price not given The number of stancesLTn use, ($bjly solvents, is constantly in- creasing, and of sme of has not Imown of the 'thxicity^f many of them, The acute eff- * widely used substa^es i -but ^their chronic toxici estigated* As a firstjsitip in ugh study of these materi-' .? auth; y the Medioal Research Counni3(^\the r has made a survey of o:-.- on nearly 100 volatile substahqjpm/vai The following classes are tre*6p^>in esuits are presented i~. te chapterst (l) hydro- _ (2) chlero compounds; (3) alodtols; tives; (6) ketones; (7) glycols and their der tehjrp^S) cyclohexane derivevesr^hid'^(8) a miscellaneous group, including carbon disulfide, pyridene, ethyl^ther^^d isopropyl ether. The propertlee, ueee and toxic effoots of each cott^ojmd are listed, and the ap propriate references to the literature ccrne at the fpd>af each section. 135 DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OP CHRONIC BENZENE POISONING. G^J&raann* Arch. f. Gewer bepath* u. Gewerbehyg. , 194-205 (1937) (German). In 6 injured workers in"*a photoengraving plant using a mttBMea of benzene, tolue and xylene, there was a deorease in blood asoorbio acid, a3|imo author believe* that there is a relation between the ascorbic aoid content and the extent of in jury* However, there was no deorease of vitamin C excretion* Administration of a vitamin complex improved the symptoms of benzene poisoning in one worker. Re sistance of rabbits to benzene poisoning was increased by vitamin C* The author states in his introduotion that no ease is Imown which proved that expert and regular blood testa would not make it possible to prevent the development of severe symptoms. References to Reoent Literature - 12 136 CARBOT DISUT.I'ID'. DTJURILS IT 0LI7L OIL VAIUF-CTOIS OT AKOiLUSLL. J.D.Gallego. Aroh. f. Gwwerbepath u. Gawerbahyg. (German) 124-38 (1937)* Carbon disulfida la uaad in extracting oil from tha raaiduas of oliva mills, tad alight symptom (dissiness, hsadacha, foaling of oppression, intoxication and 4a- oraaaa of visual acuity) ara occasionally found in workers. Ami. al experiment* gave atm liar affaota. Tha fraquont ag^aaranca of lymphooytoaia ia notieaabla, both dn nan and in animals. _ 137 (Deo. A qua* spray uaad in oauaaa BBieoaa. that ha OR A13& ACSILIB. (Queries and minor notaa) 109, 2159^ ^ tha ha carda of using banana oil in 1 md aaoondary or iso-amyl aoatata andt^Xfwwrally solvents. In auffioiaatly higBNqoMdHtretians it is saallar ttounta it irritn^eadtfk ayaa and nasal ha whole ona of tha aafaa^ofxM^val laequar solvent 138 radiut HE^rarcs to llucoc Tha ramarteble from banians lad tha a in total end dlffsrsntla similar, but regeneration tar radium expoeure. Si tha affaota of tha iCFG GEUaA!!S . ITH SSCIAL ( rap. 60, 393-400 (1937)(Garman). ood-forHng systam fra radium mid so by experiments on rats. Changes and histological findings wore vary aarliar aftar banians poisoning than afo, in tha blood piotursa suggest that important diffaranoas. 139 THEATS2TT 0? :c ACID J0ISvrX. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg. u. TniV. 14, 258-61 (n (German). fiEen h; l^Toid antar a into th ot, it oan ba traatad with chami fotas whioh aitfcar destr th it, forming lass poison. - a. Tha bast of suoh antido d intravanoualy, ware sodita thioaulfsta, sodiua odium nitrate, dioxyaoe*c ina oarbonata and bioarbonata. Thasa of littlo value in iioning by inhalation, baoausa fatal eone< chad before tha rm ady oan ba employed. In suoh oases, artificial yaa _ with pure oxygen ia tha bast remedy. Tha addition of 7% of oarbon dlqx a gave about tha same res\A in tha early stages only,' and tha mixture ia not ^ ad for first aid treaUaenr. Lobeline should ba uaad to stimulate tha respirato oantrum. 140 fULLOMART I0M3M IT HICX. 17. LUHB TUI23BS BOKJCD DITB1Z1KTHRACESE IT DZ77EBST 1SDXA STD ST ITS DISSCT CCHTACT V.U2 L2JTG V|5$TO. H.BUndarront. G.S.Pub. Health Eeprte. 52, 1S84-9 (Tor* 3, 1937). ObtainmHi* flra Supt. of Doouaants, TEaahington, D73\, 5 oanta, oaah. ^ Tha It2i5t6 dibansanthraoana was iajaotad suboutanaoualy into aloe In different madia, including dispersion in horse sara, solution in lard, auapanalon in glyeerln, and a solid solution in cholesterol. It was food that tha horse senr diapers ion la&uoed the moat pulmonary growths. Long tumors wore also lnduasd in several strains of alee by inserting tha substance directly into tha lungs. References to Recent Literature - 13 141 DiBEesAtffWIMiilliE TQttES IF MCE. 3*3. Anderront and Egon Lcrenx. U. S. Pub. Health Recta. 52, 1931-40 (December 31, 193?.) Obtainable from Supt. of Documents Washington, 0.77 for 5 cents, cash. It is known that It2t5t6- dibenzanthracens, injeotsd subcutaneously, produces luaf tumors in suseaptibla strains of mica. In the experience raportad, tlm diban zanthracana was first absorbed on speedily prepared charooal, which wan than in jected subcutaneously. Timers wara<^Zduoad at the injection site, more fre quently than when the dibenzant^^jn^eas suspended In horse serum without cl ooa$Vjnrt no luag\tumors ware fountf^Vhen charcoal was used. In a more resi strai^pa^aioe^'mly a few<H(Sbra ^ere caused by injeotion of the diber cane etStnoiaal. ^MktiLi^fcM^ed charooal was introduced intravenous latter strath of "^ftfrTPr^M"g tumors ware induced than when tkfyi^h^hz'anthra- oene suapetfjs> ij^MPwfiwas similarly introduced. Thcfle expesdmohta&lemonstrete that oaroijM^ql^^ia^^gf dibenzanthracene oan be looali^ggl ^j^susorptian on charcoal. 142 caus _ Urol* 38. raible oausea not^been responsible beta-naphthyiasiinas, b< produoe them* ftropm the prevention of this bai in study and traatment is icistJEES OP Tili 9LATD8S. E .2. 1937). discussed- Ini1in alone has substances such as alpha- and e amino cmfoads are known to ot fines in the plant are important in of routine cystoscopic examinetlcr 143 ROTTXSI CT5T0SC0PIC ZE!Mg|riaF A$^CC1 IS1SUHE IF Amur TUljDTJS OF TEE BLADDER. E.D.Ttel^OrtUrol. 33,^216-20 1937). This paper stre^uik^ake necessity of suah ea tlons and of consideration of v faotors affM^Ln^ne patients' aexitatspd phj 1 state in making oase hiaxm. The diflgAl^pb in correlating the finj$&S oscopic examination with thf repo^^^TJMtue study are pointed out. IT OF AHUHr TUUDR OF T3E BLADDER. ifcFPflay^; Urol. 38, 221-31 t 1937). le pathology of anil in timers in their sarlods^stagesH^dlseussed, with a cos- pa ratire analysis of eases reported from diffrwn&5puro8< The lesion whioh the author feals to be the precursor of the tumor ie nature of a vascular in crease, known as'spiddr swssels." 145 TEE TREAIBEIT OF A2XL2F TOEQRS 07 T3 URUIART wattotb - rrks.iHWn. J. Drol. 38, 232-42 (Aug. 1937). QL T& author reports auoeeasful treabnont of 62 of 88 oasa#^g^anllln timers, by various methods, including fulguration, operation, the use o^tadon and x-ray, sxid combinations of methods. Routine oystosoopio examination is an important diagnostlo prooedure and has sawed many liras. 146 CLZHICuL SIGFIFICA1C1 OF TEE A2ILIF TU1ERS OF TEL BLADDER. H. S. Ferguson. J. Urol. 38, 243-80 (Aug. 1937). This is a reriew of the literature, with oorrelation of olinieal experienoe ami obeerrstion with pathologioal findings. The author bolleres that the oaroinogenlo substance is circulated by the blood to tbs bladder epithelium, and that the entire bladder, in oesee of multiple papillomateeis, should be treated by dlTided dose* of roentgen rays. So has found that troafcnent successful in prac tice. Sefsrenoes to Baeent Litormturs - 14 147 EXTE&neiTCAL FSODUCTIOI OF BL4DEBR THICKS IN DOGS BT ADMNISTRiTION OF SETJU S4FHTHTL4HH0S. W. C. Huaper, F.H.TTilsy and H.D.Wolfa, Haskell lab. of Industrie Toxicology, Wilmington, Do* J. lad. 3yg. 4 Toxiool. 20 , 46-84 (Jan. 1938) Rapriata obtainable at above address. The pa par ia aa extensive rapert of tha first sueoaaaful attempt to produoa "anilin tumors" experimentally. Batp^aphthylamiaa am a ehoaan for tha experl- aantXxbaoausa it ia tha one arcnatif'eMatanoe agraad to ba dafiaitaly involved* in^ae) production of neoplasm., ra^nsuaa it haa baan uaad in similar 3 iaaiSta.^Baau^W'^re desorthsA. inlaftail, with may illuatratIona. By brie1*Ma|ry, "it^n b^MVi^hat pranaoplaatio and naoplaatio found*! (papilla^a^ and naf^mdwafrtWi a obtaiaad ia 13 out of 16 female dax^TtV^fad for a period to^ZCHSmtSii with subeutanaoua injections and oral^a^mg of eon- mere ial bo^^napftflWTjiinnt Tha localisation of tha tumoraij^kM^&epandent parts of thi^^Bssw~cm>^ha hiatologio findings support afnrray tha uroganoua origin Othar affaota of large jdpaea olood destruction ia kidneys and liver^d&oafeful study of affaota tha hope that ohrarb^alpit be found idiioh would Lon, but no gtfiujq^Aas observed in the pH or ia phorus. Luoose^fchfteterol, or phospholipid phos 'v ^ 146 SXJEHIlSNtiL INVESTIGATE V OF AN^LQT KBCBS W.2Heuper, F.A* Briggs and H.D.Wolfe. J. >1. 20 , 86*91 (Jhn. 1938). Reprints obtainable as in praeed: Various teats were made: are ohsmospeeiflo issues re- actions in nan, dowf^a'^and occupational or experimental reasons to aronM^e NkflZnas with s uspanted inogenio propartias. They inoi ad sarologlfluani^w^6phylaxia tests and?aatX passive skin sensitizations - No isBun^hom^Veiponsa was obtained^ lamina hydrochloride lid ai: davelosCSMkdaer tumors in rabbits whai toneslly. T OF BBIi-HiFHIHXUin^ ON TISi '6 Toxiool. 20 , 92-6 (Jan. 1938). Frank H. Wiley. J. lad. a aa in praoadimg ab- t. vv/'; Sinoa it has baan shown that malignant tlssuo differs frs^ normal tissue in pro duoing more laotio sold than it can oxidise, therijUMtion has arisen whether tha aetion of purs oaroImogen!c agents on tha enayw^aystsaa of normal tissue might have a role in tha daveloanent of tha malignancies following tbs adminis tration of thasa matsrials. Such exparlmanta wars therefore made in oonneoticn with tha investigations auanarixed in tba preaading ab^t^ata. Zn a brief paptr tha author shows that tha prasanoa of bata^aphtfaylaalne^iyhe madia surround ing kidney and liver slioes does not influenoe the oaqrgen assumption or respir atory quotients of those tissues in vitro. ^ 150 aSTEL. FULL TING PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO SULFUR PI011TBt BIFOST OF A GIBS. 3.?. Dowling, lad. Inn. Diet. Columbia 6, 229 (October 1967)* A oaaa ia daseribsd in idioh asthma htat had baan latanfe for 17 years was reaotiveted by exposure to sulfur dioxide in the repair of re^igeretors. References to Raoeat Literature - is 151 HE1GRRHAGZS CJTO THE FLOOR OP THE FOURTH VENTRICLE IS INTQXIC..TIOKS 1SD HTUif- MLTICKS OF THE B&-ET. 0.Berner. Tirchows Aroh. f. Path. Anat. 296 , 636 (1936). (German). Hemorrhages la th* floor of the fourth ventricle of tho brain sere found in ease; of aouto methyl aloohol intoxication, ona of carbon monoxide poisoning and ona of acuta polyanyalitla. Tha raaults appaar to settle a controversy about the nature of thaaa hemorrhages, which had'jbeen previously found only in cases of trauma,, as the results indicate hemorrhages are due to diapedesis i\than trauma* 152 .UENCE OF CARBON IDKOXIDE. Laser. on the metabolism of a eariaty eXPIlhtefts has The respiration was the same in mtfxnrari of oxygen s of oxygen and nitrogen-^QnV3&l other hand, rbon monoxide inoreases aeroh^J^ryoolyais to the thus indicating a oogrofcte infibition of the is partly or t^|4Slx\psVorsible under the in- aerobic fcljPffJjsgP decreases in light to its 153 SEESITIVITT OF CL1BB0S Draegerhefte no* 192, 3 The Oraoger apparatus far isters the carbon monox method* It can be with a more ocmpliaejSM^stticftt&P bon monoxide by.^p^lm^/oen he detects^by T3 DHAEGER CO. I5DICATQR. Hetsel. ) of oarbon monoxide is small and regir by means of a simple colorimetric rsan.. By tests of its seneitivit that ooneentrations of 0.05^ oa. pior change. 154 SELLING RACES. Menslags, The a the dangers inhe: 1osions and poisoning by nts for deteetion of explosi ftitivs measures are fresh sir apparatus ie of oxygen, sinoe it renders the gpises 188-91 (1937) (German), operations in closed spec:-, and nitrogen oxides. Sui-tioned* Bis naeessary ventilation, but not th 155 HARfFULKSSS OF THE All AKD TEN HARMFUL EF-DCT OFTJ&MR TESTING ON THE EARS CF 7fQUEERS, a. de Gaulejao* Ann. 4' hyg* publ., 544o9H(193T). Clhen the teeting of airplane motor# is ooadusted un^r a protective roof, carte: monoxide to the extent ef 5*5 parts per 10,000 has be^^pfand* In the open, only a trace ooours* The hazard may be eliminated by sdnuatlng the gas at a distance. Another hasard is defeotlve hearing ehioh may^ipr in a few years suoh work, frm the eontinaoua noise of the motors* The remedy ie to wear pro- teotive apparatus or to work in a closed cabin to ifeioh the instruments are brought* 156 SURFACE AID DEEP CORREAL UTLAiQ'JLTICN (DISC SHAPED) CAUSES BT HTDROGBN SULFTIE IE CAISS01 * .`ONERS OR THE NORTH SEA COAST. X. Barbnaaa. RAa* Momatsbl. f. Augenheilk* (German) 99, 466-6 (1937)* Caisson workers at a lepth ef 8-13 meters repeatedly suffered from eye Lnfla. nation, most frequently at levels where hydrogen sulfide we esoaping from "-h soil* Tha syoptoma were the ooewrenoe of very fine diffuse vesicles and spot*.* epithelial defetfta, which healed in s few days* Prolonged eye inflemaations re sult froa hydrogen sulfide concentrations of 0*01 to 0*02 mg* por liter. A re view of the literature is inoludedv References to Recent Literature .is 1ST EXFSRUMVTS WITH BEIT DRAFTS xrrtT.T CARTRIDGES. Frits Banjart. Draeger Haft* no* 192, 3652-4 (1937). (Sazan.)* Iho cartridges art used in tho closed system typ# of jag mask where oxygen ia upplied. and oarbon dioxide is absorbad in an altali cartridge. Experlamnta to Improve tho aUH cartridge war* diraotad toward b*ttar abaorption of oar bon dioxida, raduotion of tha haat produoad, and avoiding liquafaation at high tempsraturaa* Improvements have baan^sbtai aad* but furthar work is necessary before tha now cartridge is put an 4S|narlaat. LTTICAt lBTECTIOS DF umzS IS TISSUE. W. Sohwmrswaohar. (German). lescrljpjd^limgSLjpfche baaio taohnieal peotroanalytioa ^hai^nnLsPnon in epaoial fields of oodioal raa pad *. d that of Gerlaoh on manganese 159 HE* XI (G# Lr.k3f poisoning, on "various or ehvaratand. - Ztg. experiments in tho fiald rlbution, dataotion, ef- 110 CALCIUM TSBRAFT IV HAD (1937)* (German)* agar* Qin* Wchnachr. 1, lfi.3-5 Tha author dlsagraas with M6^^ius(H^)npy adrooatad by Aub, Fhlrhall and othora for dapoaitlng IsM. i^^hs^ganio^and believes that suddan ohangaa ia diat will nobilizj^ra^hpr thdhritpoait^tjisk lead* In his on asthod, fur thar axpoaura ia^ftlMtUprevanted, andrtho treatment is symptomatic at first. Stnca aaeh ohan^Kia^Sha mineral belauds eatt-ee^ mobilization, the diat must b* ohangad mhrpauually. 2aah shadgg^ln acidity nuat b* offset by a aor* alkalAfter tha first aouts sngjhans b^n^paasad, the oaloiua should be InOTframd, first by gradually inaraasdh^aaouSw^af milk, than by oaloium This treataast, carefully aad|^ptadlt^ttlpoas lead axoratian fixation* Only after a long tix^^n thl^p|$ient return to his diet. BFBBOTIC CORBACTSD KXDKET AFTER ACUTE 1BBUH3 IT, Xooh* Had* Klin. (Sanaa) 33, 1669-13 (1937). A worker Had acme tiaa after an attaok of mercury "j^isoning, but had not worked with meroury In the aantiae* An autopsy dlsojTM*^ a condition of tha kidneys oarreaponding to nserotlsiag nsphroais* Widespf^i. aalsdreous and nnaerous other oasts were present# The insdiate os use q^naath was jasuoan-U, but otherwise the only significant findings - ore in. she kiduy changes. "Vephrotio oontraotad kidney" was aridantly tha proper t*iTS~to apply, although no similar ease due to aeroury poisoning baa boon reported* References to Raoent Literature - 17 162 HEALTH INJURIES FROIf ORGANIC MERCUT.Y COlfPOUNDS. F. Eoelseh. Arch. f. 0werbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. 8, 113-6 (1937) (German). ilercury poisoning has"^j#en found in workers engaged In tha production of mercury oampounda uaad lnsraaaingly aa aaad dialnfaotanta. Local irritationa of tha akin and aucoaa and ganaral aymptoaa with apaoial affaet on tha nervous system are fre quent. Improvement aata in only after JjHirf if. Courtii a-Soffit. ___ 1665-8 (1937). (French). <3 I a health auper government match faotory a numberxhr^ \baek to mai^ paraana excluded becauae of false d^aKn^va^ `*Ij*Apv%^iita being gum affeotlona or general trcwfeTbAJ^^ d dlaappaared from met oh factorlea, aan^Menwell- phyi facto'' phosphorism a imply becauae tha person mMroSrfced in a sen aceampllahed by health and wem^t$iufi3rrLaioa, even ha tard. Tha author eaphaait^r^l^need of coopera- caioKn^ahd tha technical director. 164 FAIACN^tSCE POISONJMS^IT man) (li [ZING. H. Saar. Saam. v. Ver One^aath and on? illnpaalreav ware invaatigatad and 1% araanio. Whan zlno elio^&jdes from io with a galvanic tine bath ia poiaoning. Tha bath contained lerted, tha naacant hydrogen aotad aa a reducing agent an tha ar thua produced in 5 minute a. ida, producing araine. About 40 mg. waa 165 INDUSTRIAL CADMIUM PO Ehnohs x Jaouritaa 24. 61 (1937) (Italian.) Cadmium may be fa smell^doses. luaaa powerful local irritation, tenda to peraly tral nervoua^bysti if inhaled, may lead to pneu- monia. In -intaatinal traq^^it *h a a Lolent emetic action and causes degenera'^jbeilfi^ the kidneys and liver 'othel lio disturbances. Cadmium vapor9>^^arso eauaa metal fume fever. 16^-JVADtA;^ CANCER IN RADIOLOGISTS. A. Becl4 therap. 60, 9-15 (1937) in). tha whole there is no relation between the ^^erlt^^bJdn damage and tha ap. pearanee or absence of cancer, which usually devslgae fpqg^i looal necrosis or a small wart. Before local treatment is triad, tfca^ymph glmda and bones must examined for evidence of eeneer. A radiologist no^otpr 90 has had to have sev eral fingers amputated at various tinea. 167 EXPE3HHTT 01 OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA. TTCTS LUNG kETASTGSS BT RADIUM EMANATION. H. Hellner. Arch. f. kiln. Chir. 189, 705-6 (1937). (G^gppn)* A rabbit irradlatad monthly at tha Imee, outaide and inaldd^Vlth 45-90 mg. hr. of radlvm developed tha first signs of tumor in 2 pears, ana died later of lung metaataaes. 168 HAZARDS EC TEE RADIUM AND MBSOTEORIUM REFINING PLANT AT TEE UNIVERSITY OF SSSOU? John Paul Morris. J. Ind. Hyg. A Toxiool. 20, 36-45 (JAn. 1938). This plant has been operetlng since 1930, aST although the eerkers handled a relatively large amount of radioaotlve materials, precautions taken by tha work ers end protection provided in the plant were such that only minor injuries, sueh as bums, occurred. Z-ray films showed that workara ware exposed to con siderable irradiation when working near high grade material. Tha films also showed that workers wars exposed to greater fuaa ray irradiation when working with meaothoriua than whan working with radium in tha refining plant. Numerous Refaranoes to Reoent Litarature - 19 testa for alpha partiolaa in expired air ware mada on all workers. Thay showed that tha aotiaa material in tha body aaa of a transient nature. The ultimate effeet of tha alpha ray bombardment of tha lung tissues presents a problem for future investigation. Another problem is that of personal susceptibility, 'variation in whioh eas aeen in tha experiments. 169 INVESTIGATION OF ECZEK1 IN INDUSTRIALfflDERliATOSES. 0. Hie sober. Schweis. Had. Nehnschr. 67, 833-4 (1937). (GejjjsSSJ. Tha^ekthor and his oolleagues ha^Wetalcd tha question of disposition to sra^Ad the eaihof sensit^ati(ptr Harked individual differences ware in th^ortiold vljna torajasrjhoxio substances. Soma people neutralize, on the^ajrfk nry^rv^aki^eMmra eery slowly. A delayed neutralisatpk) dfghifie greater\MnriLr.i.TtWiSbji^Bnat state is found la persons wvth indri$fcrvk3r eczema. Sueh pe ratt^il^dnfcNSj^e hired in industries where they wiMshe^S^oeed to allalias axnse&^rant^oes that produce eoseaa. A slntfikirajTrnn oannot be demonskrctiMV for a< 170 ohveratand.* Ztg. 53^, injuries from red, with reports of experl- mats on a number oil aone oeour in the Industriea employing mineral oil, 3%en has slailar effeota. No bacteria of interest were found ring oils, and patoh and rubbing tests guve negative results, tions led to the conclusion that the causa of oil aona is to in certain hydrooarbons, especially in tha viscous oils. irritation oaused by tha work process plays* a dustries than Jjtfto(iljfineries.x' Person greater extent in natal in slda (saborrhaa) apparently ha- a dispMf^Swuto oil aone. PrCv^tl seems to involve personal hygiene ^oaxtLiHess, defatting the oe of cachsnical irritation ^he ug*^{'^efeeotlw salves o ontain: a oertain amount of pro- te * PSYSICAL ALLERGY AS .IN OCCUPA!! T SHOULD BE COMJENSABL: Luca. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol. u. Gewerb (1937). (German), The author reports a oase of "heat allergy-, us skin effects, with weakness and rise of temperature, were produced o worker exposed to heat from an oven. The literature an "physical iii^rgiea" is disoussed. 172 INDUSTRIAL SUN DISEASES. A Sezary. Presse mad ., Ik2& (1937). (French). The author eleesifiej industrial skin diseases as the! t appear without pre- disposition and thoas that oocur only with prodispoaiti Among the former are those oauaed by hoot, cold, chemical irritants and t the latter in- oluda the renelnlng industrial sesames. Neoplasms are not luded in either category. 173 ECZElfATOUS SUN DISEASES IN CALICO PRINTING AND B3FSRENB ON AI INDUSTRIAL CROSS SECTION RITE "FUNCTIONAL SKIN TESTS." T. He inie. Aroh. f. Gewerbepathol. e. Gewerbehyg. 156-93 (1937) (German). This paper deae^bea an ineeatigatlon of 22S workers in a oalieo printing estab lishment using predominantly aso dyes. Eoseaa was found to various degrees in different deparbaents. The fast red salts were found most harmful, and sodium ohroote caused seme reactions. The "skin function tests3 ere of value, but an exhaustive history is necessary in doubtful oases. Signs of anil in poisoning nay appear after a few hoursr work with anil in blaok. Referenoes to Recant Literature - 19 174 HiFORIAJJCH OP AHAUKESXS IJT A LASTING CURB OF ECZEMA. L. Hauflh. Mad. Elia. 33 13Z1-4 .(1937). (Strata}. " Uxo author reports a series of cases of allergic catena, th# eauaas of tfeioh wara ary diffloult to determine. Ona was tracad to a fumitura polish, aaothar to "traaspulaia11 and a third to a washing powdar. pnemnatio aaohlsas of warping typaa for 2 years or<fiora. Machines ha-ring a pario; ioity of 2,300 rtrokaa a ainuta affaetad all tha wort^irsk using than; other fra- quanoiaa oouaad fawar eaaas. Radiological examination! Losad bona changes, especially *bone oyata" or araaa of localized abaorptli soon in tha oarpal and aetaearpal bonaa. ISO SZOHIFICABCS 07 PHOTS AID CHLORIDE DT T3 5FTZC2SHC7 OP uORSERS DT HOT TRADES. 0. Lahaann and A. Ssakall. Arbaitsphyaiol. 9 , 630-82 (1937) (Oaraan). Experiments wara aatda with,a young worker accustomed to hot work; In part of tha experiments ha was giren all tha liquids ha eould drink. Water oonauaption inaraasad ability, to tha graataat dagraa at 386> roan tssqiereture. At 46C. tha banaflolal affaot disappaarad. Salt watar had lass affaot than plain wtar. Liquid intaka had no adverse affaot on haart and circulation, up to 31C. but at hlghar tsnparaturaa only a part of tha watar is axeratad, so that tha axeasa eauaas an additional burdan an tha circulation. Dilution with salt mtar la lass unfavorable than with plain watar. laeraaaa of swaating was parallel with in* creased ability to work resulting from taking liquids. References to Reoent Literature - 20 131 CHLORIDE 1ETA30LISM OF WORKERS IT HOT INDUSTRIES. 0. Lehmann end A. Stakall. Arbeitsphysiol 9, 653-77 (1937). (German). Experiments similar to the preceding *re made an a worker unaccustomed to heat, at a temperature of 370C. In the training period, the increased ability to work caused by dumping water or salt water was very slight. Rather, an adaptation to hot work in the nature of an alteration^of the chloride metabolism was apparently taking^place. Other experiments shqwU that a notable chloride depletion does not cejiae any deorease in ability^lTS^Jtie amount of sweat and of chloride orete^ja scareelyvaffected. EoweVfti the chloride depletion causes a sligh jury t^^Crculstrong shown ments t^(p*^o\aafrfa*t increase in body temperature. In other supply of chloride seems less deoisi chloride palaovce, M^HtwDbhe chloride excreted in sweat is 132 ADAPTATION (TRY. G. Lehmann and A. 3taka 11. 678-705 (193 Experimenl^ on traix^^iKS^od iceive^ pMeO^^^|a7e simll sul) pvhjft rtt headache' worker unaccustomed trthealb^ After a prepare tor4 grams of chlori^^y^y. Several trials re- ^eluding a C*J9^w*wvns of health, increase in of wsaknsyS^tflsr a gradual imereese of salt he Sid good work an 10' daili'^f^authors attribute tills Increase primarily to the effect" pin to inoreased chloride intake, Additional experiment!, t le in the preceding papers, nmde it pos- sible to separate the symp _ heat training from tiiose due to lack of chloride. Impoverishing t favorably and increases rie concentration affects the muscles rather (ty.Vne^\mtraincd persons, however, the fallin concentration of jlca ;to ^M^timulating system of the heart, as ftems. ^Drinkink^aKIt water is therefore recommended ar. may prevent set, adapted orgajs&x.N dries when unexpacted^Mgh performances of the nonisquired. Saltshrsja gop^wfeot on any heart injury that appears. <Ja^^^acJ9r is not necessary'^^a traiaip^period. Drinks taken durir.? work ah^^^be in small portions and the^C^Qtil in should not exceed hall ama^flKVwi%weat lost. vOr j\ __r:3S AGAINST TEE COMION COLD* ARE THEY D. Bristol. Am. J. Publio Health 27, 987-90^)'(Oct. I TRIAL HEALTH PECGPJCI7 Six groups of industrial workers, totalling over cines. The treatment was available over a msnbei duetion in the inoidenoe of colds, but their sever) A program of prevention, especially among tiioee e treated with vacare. There was little re nd duration wero reduced laeceptlble, should be an- couraged* o(0)