Document 2jXwxo9KmNQ1ZDrMdQaL0jNVL

FILE NAME: Packings and Gaskets (PAG) DATE: 1958 DOC#: PAG053 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Excerpt - Industrial Hygiene Journal - Asbestos VOI UME 19 , NUM8 ER 1 February 1958 i ASSOCIATION p u b l i s h e d by THE W I L L I A M S & BALTIMORE 2 , MARYLAND WILKINS COMPANY f T?ad. Suppkme)Jt i uclear Science ani nclards: Handbook Washington, D. odg. H. : Pimrm,v :' `logy of TJraniucj iw-Hill Book Co '49. | - E TOLERANCE: | oven though brief ! aid be avoided1*' 6 I >NCENTRA TION 1 LAZARDOUS TO ) te. I tained in siliceous 1 ad diafcornite, dia- | al earth, kiesetgute '< ontent varies with i cmterial. Synthetic ; size particle?, are | wing trade names: | isil, RiSit, Lndox, i al Syloid. | iOa \ ') I tire; dustrial uses are: i finReners, polish- i , and high tem- \ EXPOSURES: : is rilica dust may ' electrostatic pre- 1 iropinger method, hoi and water as : , and dost counts ' rd light field tech(hods for evaluatig from the subiiot lieeu devised, `d upon weight or : lirrogruphy3*seem ; C- RECOM M ENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: To prevent exposure to high concentrations of amorphous silica dust, process ventilation and/or en closure are the best means of control. For some operations a dust respirator approved by the . S. Bureau of Mines may be satisfactory. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES : (1) Preplacement: Clinical and chest radiographic examinations should be made on all persons prior to job assignment. {2} Periodic: Since there is only lim ited information about the harmful effects of amorphous silica in in dustry, exposed personnel should have careful periodic medical ex aminations, including chest x-ray. Pulmonary function testing may be useful. (3) Treatment: No satisfactory treat ment other than removal from ex posure, and therapy for any com- = pficating infection. iV-1 Y. Literature References 1. Cooper, W. C., et al: Industrial H y giene Foundation Transaction Bulletin No. 30,182-194. 2. D rinker, P. and Hatch, T.: Industrial Dust. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. New York, 1954, 3. Fraser, D. A,: A M A Arch, of Ind. Ilyg. and Occ. Med., 8: 412, 1953. 4. Lambie, J. S.: Ind. Med., 7 : 470,1938. 5. P alicard, A. and Collet, A.: A M A Arch. of Ind. lly g . and Occ. Med., 9: 389, 1954. 6. Scherers, G. W. H., et id; A M A Arch, of Ind. Health, 18: 125, 1957; ibid, 16: 203. 1957; ibid, 18 : 280, 1957; ibid, 16: 363, 1957; ibid, 16: 499, 1957. 7. Smart, R . IL and Anderson, W. Al.: Ind. Mod. and Sun/., 01: 509, 1952. 8. T ebbens, B. D. and Beard, R. R.: A M A Arch. Ind. Health, 18: 55,1957, 9. U. S, Public Health Service; California Department of Public Health; Nevada State Health Department; Oregon State Board of Health: Progress Report of Study of Pneumoconiosis Hazards in the Diatomite Processing Industry. 1955. Asbestos I. Hygienic Standards . A. RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AT- .1 MOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION ($ . hours): 5 million particles per cubic- foot of air (M PPCF)d . (1) Basis for Recommendation; Experi ence in industry/' *' *'ia' 13 and ani mal experiments.8' 7 B. SEVERITY OF HAZARDS: . (D Health; Long continued inhalation of asbestos dust result in a form . of pneumoconiosis known as asbes- tosis. The primary effect of inhala tion is an interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The disease is characterized by asbestos bodies in the lungs and . sputum. Based on roentgenological ' examinations, asbestosis can be clas- . sified as minimal, moderate, and advanced. It is a serious disease in some instances, but more frequently it remains nondisabling for many , years, even without appreciable sym ptom s, as long as som other .. serious disease does not supervene to cause death.8 Chief symptoms of advanced asbestosis are variable cough, dyspnea, substemal chest pains, decreased chest expansion, weakness, emaciation, clubbed fin ger tips, and curved fingernails. Any appreciable decrease in the amount of asbestos dust in the breathing atmosphere will cause a decrease , in the incidence and severity of asbestosis. Individual suceptibility varies." There have been reports of an increased incidence of lung can cer in persons with asbestosis/ i'2) Fire: None. C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE; Not applicable: II. Significant Properties A fibrous magnesium calcium silicate which occurs in various combinations as white, greyish or greenish masses, either compact or of long silky fibers, flax-like and readily separated. About 95% of commerical asbes tos is chxysotiks, which is drivd from serpentine, and is a hydrous magnesium 4- silicate containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of crystallization. III. Industrial Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION: The spinning and weaving of asbestos, in combination with other textiles for fire proof and heat resistant cloth, results in dust exposure. It m ay be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve packings, gaskets, boiler lagging and pipe cover ing, protective clothing, shielding ma terials, and as automotive brake linings. In the building industry it is used in tire manufacture of asbestos cement products, heat insulating, and fire proofing materials. B. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES: As bestos dust may be sampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water, as the collecting medium,1' 0 and dust counts made by the standard light field technique." The recommended maximum atmospheric concentration of 5 MPPCF is based upon the impinger Sampling procedure. C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: Prevention of asbestosis depends entirely upon preventing ex posure to concentrations of dust suffi ciently high to produce the characteris tic reaction. Enclosure or local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control. U . S. Bureau of Mines ap proved dust respirators may be worn as protection for some operations. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplacement ; Clinical and radio graphic chest examinations prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Exposed personnel should have periodic clinical examination . for signs and symptoms of ashes tosis. These should include exam; nation of the sputum for asbestos; bodies, and chest x-rays of goo, quality. (8) Treatment: No satisfactory treat meat other than removal from e$ posure and therapy for any cor, plicating infection. V. Literature References 1, American Conference of Government; Industrial Hygienists: AMA Arch. c Ind. Health, 16; 261, 1957. 2. Cartier, Pace: AM A Arch, of /( Health, 11: 204, 1955, d. Dole, R.: Brit. ,/. Ind. Med., 12; ; 1955. 4. Dreesen, W. C., et al: Public Healt Bulletin No. 241, Supt. of Doc., Was! ington, D. C,, 1938. 5. Drinker, P. asu>Hatch, T.: Industri: Dust. McGraw-Hill Book Co,, Inc New York, 1954. 6. Fairhall, Lawrence T.: Industri: Toxicology. The Williams & Wilkii Co., Baltimore, Md., 1957. 7. King, E. J., et ai: Thorox I, p. 18! 1946. ' 8. Lynch, K. M.; AMA Arch,, of In< Health, 11: 185, 1955. 9. McPheeters, S, B.; J. ind. Hijy. . Tox., 18: 229, 1936. 10. Page, It. T. and Bloomfield, J. J Pub. Health Repts. 52: 17.13, 1937. 11. Patty, Prank A.: Industrial Hygiei and Toxicology, Yol. 1, Interseiern Publishers, Inc., New York, 1948, 12, Smith, K. W., AMA Arch, of In Health, 12: 198, 1955. 13, Yorwald, A. J,, et al; AMA Arch- In Hyg. and Occup. Med. 8: 1, 1951. Because of space limitations, it is impossible to list all methods of exposure evaluation. The selections have been made On the basis of current usage, reliability, and applicability to the usual industrial type of exposure. A n y specific evaluation and/or control problem tcill involve professional judgm ent This can best be done by professional industrial hy giene personnel. Respiratory protective devices are commercially available, Their use,. however, shouldbe confined to emergency or interm ittent exposures and not- relied upon as primary means of hazard control. A relative scale is used for rating the severity of hazards: nil-, low, moderate, high, and extra hazardous. ilinical examinations symptoms of ashes. ouki include examiputum for asbestos ast x-rays of good > satisfactory' treatn removal from exrapy for any cany on. cc of Governmental ts: AM A Arch, of 31, 1957. MA Arch, of Ini. 955. Ind. Med,, 12: 8, t al: Public Health ipt. of Doc., Wash- vrcir, T.; Industrial i Book Co., Inc., re T.: Industrial 'liliams & Wilkins 1957, Thorox I, p. 188, MA Arch, of Ind. *55, J. Ind, Hyg. & i. iLooMfiEim, J. J.: 52: 1713, 1937. Industrial Hygiene ol. 1. Inferscience rYork, 1948. IA Arch, of Ind. 55. 1; A M A Arch. Ind. led. $; 1, 1951. re evaluation. ' applicability lirai problem Industrial hy- vcver, should dmary means lie, high, and Hygienic Guides Committee Wili.iam E. McCormick, Chairman Hervey B. Elkins, Ph.D. David W, Fassett, M.D. Clyde M. Berry, Ph.D. H. W. Speicher William B. Harris Melvin W. First, Sc.I). H. . Stokinger, Ph.D. Paul D , Halley E dward V, H enson, M.D. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION 1-1125 Prvost, Detroit 27, Michigan. Please send the following number of copies of hygienic Guides at $.25 each : ____Acetaldehyde ___ Ethyl Alcohol ----- Nitrogen Dioxide ____Acetic Acid ___,,Acetone ___ Acrylonitrile ___ Ethyl Benzene ,,,,O zone ___ Ethylene Dibromide ....,,Bentachlorophenol and ___ Ethylene Giycoi Mono- ' Sodium Pentachloro- ,, Amyl Acetate Anhydmna methyl Ether pbenate ___ Fluoride-Bearing Dusts ....--Phenol Ammonia and Fumes ----- Phosphoric Acid ___ Aniline ___ .Arsine --__ Fluorine ..,,.Formaldehyde .,,Pyridine ..,, .S ilica (Amorphous) ___ Asbestos ___ Hydrogen Cyanide Silica (Free Silica, Siii- RmroiiR ___ Hydrogen Fluoride Con Dioxide) ___ Beryllium ___ Hydrogen Peroxide ----- Sulfur Dioxide ___ .Butyl Alcohol .......Hydrogen Sulfide ----- Sulfuric Acid ___ .Cadmium ____ Hydrazine ----- Toluene ..... Carbon Disulfide ___ Lead and its Inorganic ----- Toluene 2,4 Diisocya- ___ Carbon Monoxide ------Carbon Tetraehlo- ride Compounds ----- Mercury -___ Methyl Alcohol nate Trichloroethylene ----- 1,1,1, --Trichloroethane ___ Chromic Acid .....,,M ethyl Bromide ___ 1,2-Diehloroethaoe ,, ,, M e th y l Ethyl Ketone ----- Uranium (Natural) ----- Vanadium Pentoxide ___ DimethyIformamide ----- Methylene Bichloride ----- Xylene ___ Nickel Carbonyl --,--Zinc Oxide Please send_____ loose leaf binder(s) for the Hygienic Guides at $1.25 each. Name _---------------- ----......... .....---- ---------------------------------- ------ --------------- Address................ ....................----..................... ............-- .............. ... ----------------------------OijV______________ _____ ___________ ____ - Zone ------- State---------- --- ------------ -- Remittance must accompany orders for less tlian $2,90. Discount of 20% on orders of five or more Guides; 40% discount on orders of 100 or more Guides,