Document 2jXgJQD7ogxpBmMw5LLvaZMma

J ii; u. VAN LOO Cont, j iq q - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead A special report was prepared on panels 4500-45 7, covering exposurer of lead-zinc house paint formulas initiated by C. II. Adams. These paints have jiow had three years of exposure, tro coat work over 450 Undercoater on cedar. The fundamental pigmentation was based on that of Rex 471 of 1-4-40, .comprising: 29.1$ Zinc Oxide 15.7% Basic Sulphate White Lead 14.5% Titanium Oxide 18.1% Basic Carbonate White Lead 22.3% Magnesium Silicate Various co-fumed leaded sines and mechanical mixtures of lead sul phate and zinc oxide were used. The most important indications, briefly stated, are as follows: (a) Mechanical mixtures are much inferior to co-fumed leaded zincs in general durability. All of the latter are in good condition after three years' exposure, south, Florida. (b) St. Joseph A-label zinc oxide (non-acicular) shows poor durability. New Jersey's XX-50 and XX-505 are rather inferior, although better than the St. Joseph oxide. Azo's acicular zinc oxides #22, #11, and #55 are some what better, with #53 preferred. (c) National Lead's acicular basic lead sulphate is the poorest of the lead pigments used in mechanical, mixtures. There are few differences in per formance between Q. P. and H.T.S. carbonates, or regular lead sulphate. (d) Co-fumed leaded zincs show no serious differences but rate in the following order of decreasing durability. 1. 412 dry Ozlo leaded zinc 2. Lehigh BO 3. Azo 35 L, (e) Lehigh 655 was slightly inferior to the pigments in (d), but. superior to Eagle-Picher1 s leaded zinc. (f) Eagle-Picher's 70% leaded zinc is definitely inferior to those in. (d), but compares favorably with most of the mechanical mixtures. 0007-SWP-045032 0007-SWP-000114403 -5- M. VAM LOO Cent, ff!77 - Pigment Studies A series of paints were prepared for exposure ,to determine the dura bility characteristics of a special calcined leaded zinc. The pigmentation selected was a post-war combination: 30/o Zinc Oxide 30/3 Total Lead 15?! Ti02 2 556 Extender 1005b The special leaded zinc was compared with 412 dry, and competitive co-fuiaed and mechanically mixed leaded sines, such as Azo ZZZ-33, XX 50, and XX-505 zinc oxides blended with lead sulphate and carbonate, and Lehigh 655, Azo 55 L, and Eagle-Picher 35/65 and 50/50 leaded zincs. In addition to the above, additional formulations were prepared incorporating several suggestions made by hr. Fa3ig, such as tile use of 12-1/255 of R 200 Ti02, the use'of 7 to 10 gallons of a Q bodied oil, also Lowe Brothers1 V-35 oil. #12 - Sxterior Primers Investigation of the relative absorption of oil by wood- from conven tional vehicles as compared to "neutralized" oil vehicles has continued as: described in previous reports. Freshly prepared samples of Rex 450 Undercioater, both current and 1939 formulas, and pf Titanium Pigment -Corporation1 s EX-414Q TOiite with oil neutralized by sodium hydroxide, were used. A few trials of volatile losses were run, with results as follows: Rex 450 -- 1959 formula - 77.7% of total volatile given off in four hours air dry. Rex 450 -- current formula - 01.2$ of total volatile given off in four hours air dry. EX-4L40 -- 84.7/o of total volatile given off in four hours air dry. On the main problem of oil absorption, results were limited by dif ficulties experienced with the extracting solvents, (a) in taking up too much colloidal material from the pigment, acetone and ether being poorest in this respect, and (b) in failing to remove the semi-dried vehicle binder effect ively, In this last respect petroleum ether appears least satisfactory. . Previous results with petroleum ether had been doubtful except at short dry ing periods, such us two hour3. 0007-SWP-045033 0007-SWP-000114404 i --6-- M. VAN LOO Cont. Using the "percolation-extraction" method, on films scraped from wood after four hours' drying, petroleum ether removed approximately 40$ of Hie original oil, acetone about 80$, and ethyl ether about 72$, vdth variations from the average greater vdth the latter two because of suspended material taken up. A fairly effective remedy for this defect was found in the use of a Pyrex fritted glass filter. With this disturbing factor eliminated it became! more apparent that the efficiency of the solvent wqs the most important factor. As a result, work has been started on extractions of semi-dried films using different solvents. Using the 3ame technique previously employed except that- the sample was drawn down on glass, petroleum ether extracted 98 - 99$ of the original binder solids, and ethyl ether 100%. A special blended etherbenzol-methanol solvent removed 99,8% of the binder solids, calculated on the basis of "weight lost from sample." However, determination of the "weight of extracted material found," gave the anomalous result of 150%, requiring further work to determine the source of the extra solids found. #102 - Studies in Flat Well Paint Formulation Plat Wall Paints Formulas were developed for Flat-Tone White and tints U3ing 0% 2132 Titanox RC IIT and 50% 461 L lithopone to conserve on titanium calcium. Paintercraft One Coat Flat #10 has also been revised to use the same pigmenta tion. Satisfactory working properties have been maintained in the alternate formulas. An examination was made of four flat wall paints submitted by Titanium Pigment Corporation. These formulas, F 5794, F 3796, F 3797, and F 3798, were designed to employ rutile titanium calcium with "neutralized" vehicles employ ing linseed and dehydrated castor oils. The paints required reduction before application, they were puffy in consistency, and after reduction lacked the proper "feel" under the brush. The flow properties were not equal to Plat-Tone. The linseed samples were somewhat deficient in drying, while the castor oil formulas showed better drying. Whan tinted gray, the experimental paints showed definite lopping and oil ring on a ten minute lap, and the sheen was not as uniform as with Flab-Tone. Wien applied over glue size, with 72 hour dry, washability was poor compared with Plat-Tone, Flat-Tone with. (3880)E is superior to the "neutralized" binder formulations in all respects. Porch and Deck Paints The shortage of titanium pigments makes further revisions necessary in come trade sales formulas. Porch and Deck formulas have called for 2140 dry, rutile titanium-calcium. It would be advantageous to go to a leaded zinc pigmentation, but the present vehicle is reactive with zinc oxide/' During the month a number of "neutral" varnishes were tried,out experimentally, and it appears that a 40 gallon, ester gum-Dehydrol varnish could be satisfactorily used with leaded zinc in Porch and Deck Paint. 0007-S W P -045034 m. v.-:-: l o o Cent, 4162 - Cont. The experimental varnishes vlich were furnished by toe Varnish Research group had the follo'.ing charac toristies: k O*_ Resin ARV 3544 Ss ter Gum ARV 3345 H" ARV 3345 #2 11 " ARV 3348 11 n ARV 5564 u 11 ARV 5365 11 " ARV 5575 n" Oil Length Loss N. V. Body Color A. V. Cost Dehydrol Linseed Linseed Linseed Dehydrol Dehydrol Linseed 40 gal 11 11 It It 11 t! 50% 6% II 14% II 21.4% It - It -n - ii F G E+ F G-H E+ P 5 6L 7L 3-7 L 7 5 5 4-6 S.17 5.00 2.93 0.S5 1.46 - $74.64 79.5? 65.73 122.C4 _ - - Porch, and Deck paint made from these varnishes dried about the same over night as the present standard. Brushing ms satisfactory with somevhat poorer leveling, doss was in line r.lth present production, Uie experimental linseed varnishes being a trifle better than the Dehydrol products. All experimental paints showed up better than the present standard on a 24 hour cold water test. The Dehydrol formulas were ahead of the linseed formulas in this respect. Soap resistance (5 hours - 1% solution) of all experimental paints was equal to or better than tire present standard. A factory run of ARV 3344, - V 11167, did not duplicate the labora tory batch and was too high, in acid value. Experimental paint batches showed undesirable "bodying'.' where ainc oxide was used as pigment. A factory run of ARV 3365, - V 11168, had an acid value of 1.59, color of 5 L--5, and a body of F at 51% solids. This vehicle was checked in. both laboratory and' factory batches of Porch and Deck Rex 69, and looked pro mising. Samples are being retained for future inspection of package condition. A series of exposure studies on Porch and Deck Paints is being pre pared. A number of pigmentations will be compared in two types of vehicle (1) V 11168, a neutral 40 gallon Dehydrol-ester gum varnish, end (2) AflV 3373, a similar varnish with linseed oil. replacing Dehydrol. The present standard Porch and Deck formula pigmented with rutile titanium calcium and using a P. E. rosin linseed vehicle, will be used as one guide in the series. The other control will be the china wood oil modified phenolic formula adopted in the fall of 1936. This formula was pigmented rath leaded sine. #105 - Metal Protective Paints Paints are being prepared for an extended series of exposure tests of metal protective and chemical resistant maintenance finishes. Standard Metalastic, Remelastic, and A and A Resistant finishes will be compared with special formulations containing Parlon, Vinylite, n-butyl methacrylate polymer, and other materials possessing chemically resistant properties. 0007-SWP-045035 0007-SWP-000114406 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations for February, 1944 4. ? M. VAN LOO & -ftl77 ~ Figment Studies An extensive program for the evaluation of the brightness and opa?ciiy of the various -white pigments is under way. While the observations re corded are still too limited to permit setting up opacities for specific ,'pigmsnts, the general plan is submitted for comments and suggestions. He hope that when this work is concluded an index system -rill be 'established with which the formulator may blend opaque pigments accurately with extenders to obtain sny desired opacity level in the finished paint. ,=It is anticipated that the various pigments will behave differently in formu lations of different types, depending on the proportion and kind of binder, pigment packing, etc. .gated: P:" For the current work, four typos of formulations will be investi- 1. Exterior oil type house paints. 2. Interior "varnish type" flat wall paints. 3. Interior water emulsion flat paints. 4. Interior high gloss enamel3. A suitable range of pigment-volume-concentrations will be covered yin each group. For the first analysis we intend to prepare separate index isystems for each paint type being studiedr. The technique will be patterned after that employed by the Hew York ^Production Club as, reported in "Paint, Oil, and Chemical Review," November 18, -1943, "A Critical Survey of Methods of Measuring Dry Hiding Power of Paints," The test method consists of (1) the application of the paints by the ^draw-down method over a black-white contrast, (2) the calculation of the " spreading rate by the wet/dry factor method, (3) a determination of contrast !|ratio and brightness by photo-electric measurement, end (4) plotting the con- trast ratios versus spreading rates or film thicknesses so that the opacities .may ultimately be expressed in square feet per pound at a given degree of hiding. #97 - SUSP 471 '" ) Further work on Gloucester TiOj 2233 M confirms previous findings that it is not suitable for use in white top coats, even as a part of the Ti02 used. Sr Panels 7976-7 were prepared for exposure at Chicago south and north, end Florida south, to compare SWP Gloss White with Dehydrol replacing (48), described in the last report. Panels 7978-84 were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Florida to supplement previous Ti02 conservation series. Besides the New Jersey Zinc iithopone-leadod zinc-mica-aabestinc formula H-0376-AEI a variation was added "* f rvnnfitw. as: 0007-SW P-045036 l 0G07-SWP-000114407 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont. .L6 - Cont. Materials Tested Rating "SW-Conservation Tint Base, Slate, ;using R 610 Ti02 and high inert. Serious fading, but clean. (A single test of this paint tinted Cream, however, shows good color, better than regular Cream.) ; Same, but using R 510 titanium j. :\T.P.C. EX-3746 low N.V.M. Tint Base r'p.V.C. 21^. Vehicle as EX-3742, -j/about 1/3 each of lead titanate, pleaded zinc and asbestine. Equal to R 610 formula. No chalk, no fading, very dirty. No failure. jTJ'.C. EX-3748 Lo w N.V.M. Tint Base. F.V.C. Zl.%. Pigment 30/70 Leaded -Zinc-Titanox RC, vehicle as above. 5C : it' tRex 563 - C'3152. Pre-conservation ,'Tint Base, Slate. Practically same performance as preceding. Very little fading, but moderate chalk and fairly heavy dirt. This is best for tint-retention. The conservation bases (above) are best for self-cleaning, but fade seriously. The Chicago panels after 11 months' e;xposure show much the same , 'results. A detailed progress report is in preparation. -'#86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference ` to Leaded Zinc and Tfoite Lead There has been considerable discussion among formulators as to the necessity or desirability of using lead pigments in exterior house paint ^ formulas. A study has been initiated to determine the optimum concentration . of lead pigments. A series of paints have been prepared for exposure, which include: (1) Variations in lead pigment content from 35^ down to (#, zinc oxide held i constant at 30%. (2) Variations in lead pigment content from 35^ to OjS, zinc oxide conttsit ranging from 30^ to 36^ to keep Ti02 content at minimum for 18,000 units of opacity, (3) Study of titanium calcium pigmentations, including combinations of SOfr leaded zinc and 7C# of Titanox RC, Titanox RC HT, and anatase titanium calcium, respectively; and 3C$ acicular zinc oxide Azo Z2Z #33 with 70$ of Titanox RC HT and anatase titanium calcium, respectively. Ebposures Y/ill be at Chicago, Coffeyville, and Miami. 0007-SWP-045037 0007-SWP-000114408 --o- M. VAN 100 Coat. Jiinf. - Cont._ Paints wore prepared for exposure based on Oakland's S-W Liquid 'O'kLo, ond a variation of the Liquid Oslo formula with on improved vehicle combination similar to that of SWP Gloss Tihitc. Exposures will be put out Chicago and Florida, both self-primed ond over Rex 450. Paints were prepared for exposure comparing the regular oil conser vation formula of 1-22-43 for SAP Gloss White with the lead-zinc-extender 'formula of 6-10-29, a variation of the latter using 7* mica to reduce check ing, and lead-in-oil using Replacement Oil for reduction. The following com parisons are interesting: Top Coat Paint Brightness Opacity R. M. Costs OJ 23 H Rex 471. Reg. form. 1-22-43 OJ 222 H " " " " 8-10-29 OJ 224 H As 222 H but M-332 vehicle 225 H As 224 H but 7% mica 'Rex 16 - Lead with Replacement Oil 85.9* 81,0* 81.2* - 84.7* 19,834 units 16,216 11 16,216 1! 16, ae 11 17,493 n $135.58 176.57 ISO., 94 - 192.97 r,,.. The high initial brightness of lead-in-oil is interesting, also the :cost comparisons versus current SWP. H2 - Exterior Primers To reduce the- amount of pure Ti02 used in Rex 450 STP Undarcoater, ttiro alternate formulas were developed, in one of which all the Ti02 was intro duced as titanium bariun pigment, and the other carrying 50 pounds pure Ti02 ~d the remainder as titanium barium. The formulas have been distributed to the factories to be U3ed when titanium barium is available and pure Ti02 is in imitad supply. . A series of experimental SWP Undarcoaters wore prepared for exposure compare the current formula with the older type using (2281).' For this series the (2291) was prepared respectively from tung, oiticica, ond cacohuananche .oils. The oiticica and cacohuananche modifications dried almost as fast as the ,tung oil type. Exposures will be run at Chicago and Miami. v. ' Investigation of the absorption of oil by wood from various vehicles ^,has continued as described previously. It is felt that a summing up of 'the i.-Progress of this project is desirable. Tta.e project was started rath one-coat house paints and primers as ;.we nain subject of interest, especially the possibilities of use of the so_ ^p^-cd "neutralized" oils, which are known to have low penetration properties. >o r/ork done by Dr. Holley and F. M. Nelson, presented in Bulletin RC-52 in uguctj 3.339 ^ was' used as a starting basis. Since this work was for the pur. Pose of sales publicity, a number of changes were required in the method in Order to obtain quantitative accuracy. It was also established that a rapid 0007-SWP-045038 0007-SWP-0001 -6- M. VAN LOO Cent.___ i jglg. - Cont. $7 titanium Pigment Corporation's "neutralized oil" paint, EX-4140. Values fron j.scont runs which seemed to be free from all the main sources of error and TtMch we expect to verify soon, are; Absorbed Paint Solvent Hrs. Drv Surface % of Total Oil Found tv Wood /old Rex 4S0 Blended 4 Cedar Glass 73.0 98.0 27.0 - It 4 Cedar 74.8 G1QS3 101.8 25.2 - tf 4 ' Cedar 76.9 23.1 Glass (No valid check as yet) - 1?162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Flat Wall Paints . - Some difficulties have been encountered with sheen and body on the r'hew formulas for Flat-Tone white and tints. The regular formula in which the V opaque pigment was entirely rutile titanium calcium has been revised to use ^Dagnesium silicate 20 L and Micro Velva A 2188 as the extenders to increase ~';l'..the sheen and body. The alternate formulas with lithopone and rutile titan. iun calcium gave higher sheen, end thought is being given to the use of Celite 281, 2077 dry, to reduce the sheen. Factory runs are being made at different ^grinding times in the pebble mill to determine the effects on grinds end sheen. An Interior Flat or Eggshell Paint was made up on a proposed speci fication submitted by the U. S. Maritime Commission. It was evaluated with respect to brushing, flow, drying, and washability. The paint had satis factory brushing and drying qualities but was short in flow. The washability i-.vas not equal to Flat-Tone but was rated as fair compared with an average flat / wall paint. Our results wore reported to Cleveland. Enamels The continued shortage of titanium pigments has made it necessary to conserve thorn v/herever possible. Studies were made of alternate pigmentations for Euamaloid White Rox 710, Yhich calls for 290 pounds of anatasc Ti02, 1403 dry, to reduce the amount of pure Ti02 required, and to use lithopone, if pos sible. Attempts to replace any substantial amounts of Ti02 with lithopone gave enamels with lowered brightness and opacity. It is impossible to intro duce sufficient lithopone to maintain hiding without getting excessive body. Rutile l'i02 such as 2269 Titanox RA-10-M0, and rutile titanium cal cium pigments like 2132 gave enamels riiich were decidedly yellow in tone as compared with standard. Blends of 2269, rutile Ti02 end 1271, anatase titan- 00 07-SWP-045039 0007-SWP-000114410 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. Cont. >r iuu calcium, were tried and they proved slightly better for color than straight 2132. It was found that the yellow cast of the rutile pigmented enanels could gr be eliminated at the expense of brightness by tinting with a violet toner. Lfhe resulting color inpresses the observer as being "neutraly but it is ^noticeably less bright as conpared with that of enantel aade rdth anatase Ti02. a CP 498, Pornanent Methyl Violet, was used in our experiments. The following pigment combinations (pounds required for 100 gallons gof standard formula) had theoretical opacities and brightness readings as .:shosm. Pigment ODacitv ) 1403 1403, 360 pounds 2132 i 2132, 145 pounds 1403 s 2152 i 461 L, 145 pounds 1403 i 461 L, 240 pounds 2132 ; 461 L, 72 pounds 1403 ; 461 L 2269 461 L-R7, 127 pounds 1403 461 S-R7, 127 pounds 1403 461 L-R7, 210 pound3 2132 461 S-R7, 210 pounds 2132 2132, 285 pounds 461 L-R7 1271, 145 pounds 2269 17,690 units 17,712 II .17,725 It 17,760 II 14,635 1! 14,676 II 13,077 tl 14,670. It 17,860 11 15,467 It 15,467 II 15,490 n 15,490 ti 16,600 ti 17,740 it Briehtne, 87% ,85.82 86.4^ . 85.6/$ 85.8/C 84.6$ 84.92 8o* 3?S 872 85.42 85.42 84.32 84.42 84.82 - on filled whi te paper) ip . The possibility that Order M-332 may be relaxed to allow the use of |oore oil, led to some work in connection with Class 3, It ms deemed advis able to see what types of enamel could be made with 3-3.25 pounds of oil per gallon, particularly if they were pigmented without the use of titeniun. \ A number of experimental enamels were prepared, using 8-1/2 pounds |;f lithopone per gallon, and 3 to 3.25 pounds of oil. Some of these enanels showed good gloss and brushing properties, and were similar in properties to ;our old Ehamelastic. Typical formula and sample were forwarded to Cleveland ..'Technical Service Department. A brief evaluation was made of National Aniline'3 "Anti-Skinning :/^8ent B - BC 46326." A laboratory batch of Enameloid Ivory, formula dated 8~31-39, was prepared, omitting the amount of (1767), guoiacol solution called for. The vehicle in this Enameloid formula is a modified phenolic *ood il .vamieb and normally shows bad skinning properties. The enamel was divided into small portions and varying amounts of different enti-skinning ' Agents were then added. The condition of the enamels in open containers and 0007-SWP-045040 0007-SWP-000114411 -10- M. VAN LOO Cont.___ jjh r. - Coni. ,-in closed containers half-filled was observed at the end of 24 hours. The 'drying of the enamels was checked using ,003" draw-downs on glass plates. The following table shows results; __ Description Drying. Open Can Closed Can Sward 24 Hrs. 24 Hrs. Set 24 Hrs. Hardness (1) No anti-skinning agent (2) 2$ by vol. (1767) as in Enaneloid formula 8-31-39 Skins Skins Skins Skins tender 90' TF 90* WST 12 12 3) 2^ by volume (5026) 31. gunny Gunniness partial skin 90' VVST 12 (4) by volume fecial Solut O.X. O.K. 90* WST 12 (5) % by volune (5026) o.x. . Gunniness 90' VST 12 O.K. O.K. 90' VST 12 (7) 5% by volune (5026) >V O.X. O.K.. O.X. O.K. 90' ST 90' ST 12 12 Special Solution - 20# BC 46326 in mineral spirits. (1767) - 14# Guaiacol in (5026) - 20# BC 97261 in At the end of two weeks all sanples in both open and closed con- ' ..tainers had skinned over. Sanples containing BC 46326 were the last to show Skin formation. The color of BC 46326 is better than that of guaiacol or National .Aniline's BC 97251. It seems nore effective as an anti-skinner than either of these materials. The odor is bad. ii05 - Metm Protective Paints Dr. Ruthruff supplied us with sanples of a solid ru3t inhibit!ve coating material obtained from Kendall Refining Company, and also a gallon f the material in naphtha solution. These materials were put on exposure ot the Chicago exposure farm on cold rolled steel panels, and will also be Objected to Weather-One ter and salt spray tests. A coal tar pitch T-607 was obtained from tie Coal Tar Plant and will be used as a comparison mat erial. T-607 has 08.356 solids, and a nelting point of 75 C. 0007-SWP-045041 -11- M. VAN LOO Cont. jpfl3 - Cont. A program was instituted recently to extend earlier work done by jl West and R. Van Mordstrand, on protection afforded by the use of thin layers of fatty acids and bodied oils on ferrous surfaces. Special attention is being paid to increase or decrease in blister resistance in salt and dis tilled water immersion, salt spray resistance, and effects on rust creep and general durability on exterior exposure. Four different primers with fourteen different unpigaented filmforming materials are being evaluated. The first coats conprise the following riess 1. Stearic acid 2. Oleic acid 3. Linseed oil fatty acids (2120) 4. Dimerized fatty acids - Dinner A 5. Bodied linseed (48) 6. " " (324) 7. Sulphuryl Chloride treated linseed, Bilinco 101 8. Dehydrated Castor (2325) 9. Soya alkyd - (3128) 10. 50# (3128) - 50# (48) 11. Phenolic varnish (S950)H 12. (3950)H - 50#; (48) - 50# 13. Raw linseed (2) 14. Highly polymerized ester gum'varnish (3880)E All of the above except stearic and oleic acid contained drier as 0*5# Pb and 0.05# Co based upon total solids. All of those materials were Reduced to 3# solids and sprayed out as a thin coat on steel panels, which then received a top coat of one of the following primers: 52-P-18, 52-MC-29, Class XXII Red Lead and Rex 16174 - Kromik. ict * Blistering tests have been completed on this particular series but .discussion will bo deferred until next month, when salt spray tests will be Sufficiently advanced for evaluation. A sample of strontium chromate was received recently from the Dry .Color Department for evaluation versus zinc chromate. In accelerated tests ;in the 52-P--18 specification it may be said that the material is superior i^bo D 2689 and calcium chromate in blistering properties, both in distilled and salt water. It behaves similarly tc Zinc Tetroxy Chromate in this respect. However, on the basis of salt spray tests, it is inferior to 2689, but at least equivalent to calcium chromato. Some months ago, salt spray tests were run on a sample of stron tium chromate versus other chromates. At that time the chromates were rated m 52-P-18 as follows with respect to performance in salt spray: 0007-SWP-045042 M. VAN LOO Cont. r s - Cont. There has been no further progress in arranging for house painting |gSts on the one coat house paints in Florida. We hope to get some house ests ia Chicago suburbs this spring and simmer. Both vhite and tint base are available. 'fg6 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead_____________ Panels 8061-66 were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Florida to coapare Oakland's S-W Liquid Oslo and SKP Gloss White. The Liquid Ozlo formula `is interesting because of its good hiding and low Ti02 content at low raw mat erial cost. A special formula was also included in which an improved vehicle "combination similar to SWP was used, - jH2 - Exterior Priners Study of the absorption of oil by wood from various vehicles ha3 continued on a much more satisfactory basis than was true previously. It is ;felt that we now have an accurate and efficient method of determining the ^absorption for the usual house paint formulations. The difficulties presented :oad the steps involved in their solution were presented at sons length in the last monthly report. The final procedure involves the steps: (1) brushing of the paint 'on selected siding panels at a given spreading rate, (2} air-drying at 4 Sours, (3) scraping off the seni-dry paint as the sample to be tested, (4) extraction by percolating with a bensol-ether solvent, (5) centrifuging and decantation (twice, using the percolatibh bottle directly in the centrifuge), ' and (6) final washing, drying and weighing. The "loss* from the bottle is siised to check the basic results, i.e., weight of oil found, A correction is mode for the retention of volatile by the semi-dry film, and uniformity of handling seems to eliminate all the other sources of error quite effectively. Die following brief, summary of results, as regards paints previously examined will be supplemented by ..a more complete study as soon as tine per mits: . 1. SWP Undercoater Rex 4S0, as of late 1943, fresh laboratory batch, gave uniform results with the perfected method, entirely logical as compared to a large number of earlier results, vd_ch were rejected due to known errors. 3E& by weight of the original vehicle solids seems to be the true amount absorbed by wood, with a probable error of less than 256. 2. The old Rex 4S0 of 1938, run many tines in an atteqpt to check the results obtained by F. M. Nelson, gave some fairly uniform results at a slightly higher oil absorption value than new Rex 450, but much less than reported by Nelson. However, difficulty in making fresh batches of cor rect viscosity halted the study of this material before it'was possible to obtain such reliable data as described in (l),. 0007-SWP-045043 0007-SWP-000114414 M. VA1-: LOO Cont. . Jfi77 - Pigment Studies Opacity Studies In the February report of investigations a program was outlined for the evaluation of white pigments as regards opacity and brightness. /-'Work on. this investigation has now progressed to the point that we have completed a preliminary exploration in the first and second type formula' tions, i.e., the exterior oil type house paints and the interior "varnish "type" flat wall paint formulations. Although results thus far are only exploratory, we feel very much encouraged by the fact that the correlation between the test series is good. As would be expected, the flat Trail formulations develop approximately 10 15J6 greater opacity per pound of hiding pigment than do the same pigments in the oil type formulation. The results of these tests till be reported in detail as soon as they have been verified try repeat tests# 2255 M The examination has been, completed of Gloucester Tio2 - 2233 M dry . ; in the Rex 460 Undercoater formula and in a special formula based on Rex 450 except that the titanium is the only opacity pigment. There were five lots . of 2233 M available in the plant at the time these tests were started. Each of these lots were made into the standard Rex 450 by displacing the Ii02 ! normally used as 2269 dry. The results of this comparison oxe reported under ^ Series I below# The variation between various lots of 2233 H is illustrated in the hiding figures. However, it is notable that uniform color has been / accomplished by reviewing the brightness values# These are measured over the ' white portion of the Norest hiding charts used. Series I - Rex 450 Dndercoater ; Pigmentation as of 9-24-43 - Card 18 80 pounds 1552 dry 3 " 547 200 ft 20 L 120 It Titanium Oxide 144 It 413 388 It 18 Celite Aluminum Stearate Magnesium silicate Leaded Zinc White Lead Carbonate 0007-SW P-045044 Paint No. RB 582 385 384 285 386 337 Pigment 2269 Dry Titanox 2?-Zo !o Lot G 379 11 G 579 n G 379 it " G 379 11 " G 379 Hiding Comoarison Bright- Hiding as Sq. Ft./Gal. ness 9155 C.R. 9355 C.R. 84. 3=5 81.9 81.4 81.3 81.4 81.3 678 100* 584 100* 492 72.6 380 65 464 68.4 360 61,6 532 73.5 448 76.7 544 80.2 460 78.7 500 73.7 424 72.6 \ .1 -8- M. VAN LOO Cont. Cont. iwjatfaematical ratio between biding of 2269 dry paint ftB 582 as standard jgqual to value of 100 and the test paint containing 2233 M equal to X ' Series I and II paints were started at the sane tine. One 2233 M gt was selected at random for the evaluation as a single pigment against 82269 dry. Unfortunately the lot selected, G 379 T, was the lowest in biding ref. hoil those tested but there was no way of knowing this when starting the Itest Series II reported below/ evaluates 2269 directly against G 379 T. e results are self-explanatory. Series II Single hiding pigment test paint. P.V.C. - Rex 450, card 18. Ratio - Ti02/extender = ratio in standard Rex 450, card 18. Pigmentation 89 pounds 1552 dry Celite 5 11 547 Aluminum Stearate , 365 " 20 L Magnesium Silicate' 219 ti Titanium Oxide Hiding Comparison Paint No'. TiO^ Pigment Bright- Hiding as Sq. Ft./Lb. TIP, ne3s 91% C R. 388 22S9 Titanox RA .10 MO 87.6% 326 100* 278 100* 369 2233 M Lot 379 T 82.7% 189 58 162 58.3 In summary, Gloucester Ti02, lot G 378 T is deficient in hiding as Scompared with 2269 dry by 42% and is lower in brightness by a 4.9% differ&atial. 414 Dry - Leaded Zinc Coffeyville has been in production on the new 414 dry leaded zinc ?Since about the middle of March. Samples of this material have been sub|nitted daily for our test. To date it may be reported that the product is jfa marked improvement over the old 414 dry from the standpoint of color. |umerous batches of paint have been made which 3how that from the standpoint color the material is readily usable far whites-as well as for tint3^------ ?*hi3 is true for all 414 lots up to lot #964 except the first lot #774 and y-ots 924, 934, and 944, which were deficient in vdiiteness. 0007-SWP-045045 0007-SWP-000114416 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. ^177 - Coat. The prevailing fault ?hich has been associated with the new 414 dry T'to date is the texture. 3his is apparent Then making a rub-up as a very feeling under the spatula. In the plant this texture is reflected ty V&.SO - 70$ drop in production rate on the Premier mill and a drop of 25 - 30$ in the production rate on the roller mill. Acne has reported that it did not greatly affect the production rate on the 30 inch stone mill. Coffeyville is making every effort to improve the texture. A recent sample ground on the Stedman min shows a considerable improvement in texture t-and wettability, and a sufficient quantity has been requested for a production .^run at Kensington. In connection vri.tft the work on 414 dry, the limits on brightness were checked to determine whether it would be possible to make the more dif; ficult tints.of SWP, such as 496 Ivory, 569 Light' Blue and 383 Pea Green (lat ter two inactive but selected for purposes of test). As a minimum standard '.Lot 185 of the previous production run of 414 W was selected. Using the speci fied shading bases, the color matches against the standards were considered satisfactory. Since the current production of 414 is much better in color ' than Lot 183, there should be no difficulty in this respect. A set of experimental paints were prepared for exposure of labora tory processed leaded zinc 414 from the same source as the current Ckffeyville production. This anplifies the series mentioned in the January report. #105 - Metal Protective Paints Panels 7998-8001 were prepared for expcsure at the Chicago Exposure \ Farm of the rust inkibitive coating materials received from the Kendall. Refin 4: ing Company, described in the last report, They were compared with T-607 from the Coal Tar plant. Panels were also prepared for salt fog testing and for the humidity cabinet. A synthetic Wool Grease emulsion was prepared for exposure on panels 8071-2 to supplement the 1943 series of natural wool grease emulsion aeries. The formula submitted by the Coal Tar laboratory was: SyntheticWool Grease 22.5$ . Rosin 9.0$ Paralite 9.0$ (a coal tar bituminous material from standard Oil) Water 54.1$ Ammonia (2S$) . $5.4$ 100 0 The panels wore exposed as one coat work on a steel panel against one coat of gem Rronik, at Chicago only. 0007-SWP-045046 0007-SWP-000114417 -J-L -17- M. WAN LOO Cont. Hie above results would indicate that Zinc Tetroxychromate does ijave g0od performance characteristics in both synthetic and oil vehicles, "'ving results on actual exterior exposure which exceed those obtained in jcelerated tests. A series of steel rod slurry tests were run during the month on a oup of pigments. The technique has been described in past monthly reports. ie series tested includes the following dry numbers: 45 Day Immersion 18 - Basic Carbonate White Lead - Heavy coating of lead on rod. '.412 - Leaded Zinc _ ii it ti n n '' 45 - CaS04 - Cons, staining, no apparent rust. 1817 - Surfax - Slight " , " " 20 L - Asbestine - Cons. n ,* " " 108 N - 2a0 iZZZ-53 - ZnO - Dark _ ti ," ii h " ii n & ii 12054 - Zinc Chromate - Slight " , very slight rust. D 2639- - Questionable staining* quest, rust. ?**.' 1505- Red Lead - No Btaining, sligit rust. 12093- Basic Lead Chromate - Slight staining, cons. rust. ' 54 - Fe203 - V. dark " , no apparent rust. 554 - Black Iron Oxide - Deep staining, cons, rust, 315 - Blue Lead - No staining, bad rust etching. The results are difficult to interpret because of the questionable jiture of the staining phenomena, yMch may or may not be related to corro sion incitation, vfcich immediately poses the question of its practical value. Efowever, on the basis of freedom of staining and rust, the results at least dicate that Surfex, .12054 Zinc Chromate, D 2689 Zinc Chromate end 1503 dry Lead are the pigments which show the greatest effect in reduction of "usting. Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation V:.4 Hat Wall Paints _ . Because of the limited availability of magnesium silicate, the IAlternate A formulas of Hat-Tone White and tints, and Paintercraft Hat #10 Ito use 2203 dry Carbola Talc have been sent to Cleveland for distribution. A number of tests were conducted during the month to evaluate |*eodorized thinners submitted by .the Commerce Petroleum Company, Oil Research, Kf*1* Research. The entire volatile in the Alternate A formula for Flab- jjTone White was replaced by each thinner in turn. The paints were applied on jyvpsoa board and the odor tests conducted in an enclosed space built up of the a.Pson panels. 0007-SWP-045047 0007-SWP-000114418 -16- VAS LOO Cont.___ - Cont. Mr. Jagd's order of selection -was: (1) Resin Research samplo, ' (2) Commerce Petroleum Company1 s Apco #125 (deodorized mineral spirits and JSipco #467 (deodorized kerosene), (3) Oil Research sample. Opinions differed 'on this, but Mr. Jagd objected to the rather sweet odor of the Oil Research sample- Part of the odor differences lie in the comparative volatilities of the various thinners. After the paints had dried over night there was little to choose between the samples, as then the drying odors from the binder pre vail. The actual ratings were as follows (OFJ): Flat-Tone White Initial Odor Ho to 8 Hours Over Nieht '1. Resin Research Thinner Slight - very good Slight - very good Trace - very good 2. Deodorized Apco #128 and 467 5. Oil Research thinner Sit. to def. good Very sweet fair Sit. to def. - good Very sweet fair Trace - good Trace - good 4. Regular ( 348) and (3020) .Characteristic - Characteristic - Trace - good rather bad rather bad Resin Research is continuing their work and will supply deodorized samples of mineral spirits and kerosene so that paints of normal brushing and .volatile character can be prepared. In the October, 1943 report, a comparative evaluation of typical Enameloid formulas and competitive products was described. Results of this evaluation, with the exception of exposure data, were given in the November report. We now have available results of a 10 week exposure test in Florida, 45 south., Most of the white enamels showed from considerable to very bad chalking and a decided loss in gloss. None of these enamels showed cheeking or cracking. Several showed slight mildew and dirt accumulations, the Devoe enamel being worst in this respect. Devoe1s enamel was slightly the best of the group for gloss, fol lowed closely by Enameloids made rath the following alkyd vehicles, - (3111) and (4100), (3119) and (4100), and (6138), (4100) and (6100). Enameloid made 7d.th (2347)S, maleic vehicle was approximately equal to the alkyds for gloss retention and equivalent to Nu-Enamel and du Pont18 ensue!. 0007-SWP-045048 0007-SWP-000114419 -19- M. VAN LOO Cont. - Cont. The next group with respect to gloss was composed of Enameloids ;Bade with (2848)N, (3848)E and (4850)N. Gloss retention in this group wa3 Tbest with (2848)N and poorest with (4850)N, but differences were slight. The poorest gloss retention in the series of white enamels v/as 'shown by Sears Roebuck and Pittsburgh products and Enameloid made with a l^wood oil-phenolic vehicle (2946)EA. In the series of Ivory Enamels, bad chalking and facing was evident Ifon all panels except one finished with Devoe's "Honey Color (N)." This pro duct was given a general appearance rating of "fair" as compared with "poor* Tfor others in the series. * A number of gray enamels were included in this exposure series. |The vehicles used in the enamels were single varnishes, all of which have been gused.at one time or another in Enameloid, - either alone or in combination with other vehicles. . The gray enamels were all pigmented with rutile TiOa, non chalking, 2174 dry, and tinted with Lamp Black. The P.V.C. was the same in .1 enamels. At the end of 10 weeks the alkyds (3111) and (4100) showed good jrgloss and color retention and were rated best of the series. (2843)GS and j:(38EO)N showed considerable fading and chalking and presented a poor general ^appearance. (15S7) showed considerable checking. Hie following chart gives detailed readings for the gray series* Exposure test for 10 waek3 in Florida at 45 south. Gray enamels pigmented with non-chalking rutile Ti0a, 2174, and Lamp Black (same P.V.C. in oil enamels). *Panel ft,.' K7400 \74S1 v-7482 ' 7485 7484 7485 7486 7437 7488 7489 7490 7491 7492 7493 Varnish used in Enamel Fade Gloss (4100) (2946) EA 2848)11 (2847)S (3843) E (4850)N (1567) (3111) (6100) (2945)EA (2343)G (3850)N (2841)G (2845)GS S (S) (S) S' c s c (G) (0) G (0) (G) (G) 'G (G) E E E (G) E Checking Mildew Dirt Chalk4ng (S) , (s) (S) c (S) (S) (S) - (S) (S) . C (S) (S) (S) (S) (5) c. c n c Gen. Ap p . G G F G G G F G G F F P F P Rain Spotting S s s (S) <T\ (S) s O to cO sn s 0&3 s so s oo s s 0007-SWP-000114420 -20- M. VAN LOO Coat. Vilfi2 - Cont. Porch and Deck Paints Panels 7602-31 F were returned for examination after 10 weeks' expo- ` ,T^re at Miami, 45 south, of various Porch and Deck'paints covering variations :.n pigmentation and vehicle. These were described in the October, 1943 report.. Bie panels are 3" x 24" medium quality Douglas Fir panels, given two coats of each paint, applied by brush, with care taken to apply equal film thicknesses. After 10 weeks of exposure therB are wide variations in appear ance but very little in durability. Pitch spots are very noticeable, tut their frequency may be more a function of the wood than of the coating. Disregarding the pitch spots, in general the paints using 2140 titanium calcium pigment show poorer color tut better gloss than the leaded sine formulations. Chalking is no more than slight in any case, mostly on the leaded zinc panels, so that apparently the fading of the 2140 formulas is chemical fading rather than "chalk-mask." A single test of 2174 rutile non chalking R 610 Ti02 and Micro Velva A shows up better than the average in all respects, TUth respect -to the vehicles, differences in performance are still small. (l567)A, an ester gum-chinawood linseed varnish is very bad in all respects, but improves with phenolic added, (3850)N Velsicol Yaraish Is one of the poorest in both color and gloss. The alkyds (4100), (6100), and (3111) tested only with Titanium Calcium RC, show up very well. Hie panels will be re-exposed. At Mr. Mills' suggestion, a special test is being arranged to combine horizontal exposures with occasional scrubbing, and eventual recoating, particularly to determine the importance of chalking, and adhesion. #132 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Mr; Clingan is undertaking a survey of mixing and grinding operations tc see what opportunities may exist to reduce costs of mixing and grinding operations, or to expedite production rates. The work up to the present h&3 if-tt involved a review of the literature on this subject, including the Production Clubs' reports, and technical information on wetting and dispersing agents, and grind aids. A selected series of such chemicals have been ordered. We v'-ll attempt to use the Brabender Flastograph in our evaluation. No work done during the month on: #160 - Painting of Brinks 43 - Examination of White Lead #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinetions #176 - studies of park Colored House Paints 0007-SWP-045050 0007-SWP-000114421 __l____ 1.1 |3< -s- M. VAN LOO Cont. Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and Hhite Lead A mimeographed report was circulated April 25 on the results of & study made by C. H. Adams and J. W. Chapin of the leaded zinc exposure series ' 46OO -4555 C, Cof. and F. This study and report is supplementary to those . nade about a year ago, end presents detailed readings and general conclusions . on durability and tint retention. All exposures are being continued. Panels 2291-2316 C were given a final examination at 59 months' ' Chicago exposure, vertical south. All paints are 3-coat self-primed work on ;. Ponderosa pine. Pittsburgh's #1-50 formula, essentially 11.5? asbestine and the balance 30/40 lead/zinc, is used to test the following lead-zinc combina tions: Ozlo 65/55, Ozlo 50/50, Azo 35 M; New Jersey XX-92, Anaconda, and Ameri can Zinc's Azo ZZZ-U and ZZZ-22 zinc oxides blended with 1140 basic carbonate '-white lead, 9 dry basic sulphate, and National's acicular basic lead sulphate. : A straight lead-zinc formula is also used. Considering the differences prob: ably due to wood, a few definite general conclusions can be stated,, (1) In - this series, Ozlo 50/50 shows up very well in durability, also Azo ZZZ-ll/ll40 . and Azo ZZZ-22 with all white leads except National's sulphate. (2) Azo 35 M \ and Ozlo 65/35 are not showing up as well as would be ejected, (s) New Jer sey's XX-92 is responsible for most of the poor durability in mechanical mixes. ' (4) As- to fading, the co-fumed materials rate as follows: Azo 35 M fair, . Ozlo 65/35 not as good, and Ozlo 50/50 very much the worst of the series. The "mechanical mixes show ZZZ-ll/1140 very good in color, though bad in dirt col lection, Anaconda zinc oxide shows bad fading, and National's acicular sulphate is poorest of the white leads in this respect. 9 dry basic sulphate seems to be fairly good. #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations Panels 2259-45 C were examined at 62 months' Chicago exposure. Regu lar Rrebs Ti-Sil pigment, used 50/50 with 65/35 leaded zinc, is tested against a similar combination using Cryptone US-131 and another based on Coffeyville'a ' zinc sulphide CPP-320. The guide paint is Acme Big Six which, uses a hlend of 412 leaded zinc at 4l and MS-131 zinc sulphide-mica at 59&. There is also a special panel carrying three coats of Rex 471 Gloss Nhite (old 1403 type). All panels are 3-coat work on Ponderosa pins, and all the paints except Rex 471 are tested both as rtiite and tinted, to cream. Die tints are all badly faded now, but the Acme guide held satisfactory color the longest^, and 50/50 Ti-Sil was probably worst in early fading, Rex 471 seems someidiok superior to the other whites, mainly because of resistance to erosion. The Acme guide is poorest in durability because of both erosion and cracking. The special formulas are intermediate, with Ti-Sil sligitly fair, MS-131 next, tending toward failure by checking and cracking and CPP-320 mediocre, showing not much, cracking but erious erosion. Panels 2344-55 C were examined after 58 months' vertical south at Chicago, all 3-coat self-primed work on Ponderosa pine. The purpose was direct comparison of several micas, varying mainly in particle size, in a 65/3E5& Cryptone MS-13D/leaded zinc formula. Blends of each mica with Coffeyville zinc 0007-SWP-045051 -9- I-,i. VAN LOO Cont. im- Cont. (`gulphide and asbestine were used. Rex 471 Gloss White of early 1958 was used -is guide* and is by far the best paint of the series because of its resistance !|-'to erosion. Mica.tone asbestos ground to 5 isicrons or less is the beat special extender tested, nearly as resistant to erosion as the guide;. Biotite Mientone p-'is similar but allows more checking and cracking. The only other reasonably fet good extenders, in resistance to erosion, are water ground mica 1779 dry and H' that carried in regular Cryptone US-130 (the zinc sulphide component may. be f- a factor). Mica tone A and Micatone B-1000 (of the order of 625-mesh) are f,. extremely poor, with Micatone B-2000 and Pyrophyllite, a talc ground to 5 mi' crons or less, also very unsatisfactory. Alsibronz #12 is nearly equivalent' to 1779 dry, but the remaining two, English 325-raesh and Cryptone MS-131 (different zinc sulphide component) are definitely poor. Evidently particle size alone is not the controlling factor in the performance of micaceous extenders in this type of formula. Panels 2782-4 C, Cl, exposed 47 months at Chicago vertical south : were examined. The purpose was to test Hew Jersey Zinc's two-coat system, 70/30$ of Cryptone MS 130/412 leaded zinc as top coat, against our Rex 450 Indercoater-Rex 471 Gloss White system, using 1405 titanium in the Rex 471, as of late 1939. m addition, the Hew Jersey Zinc formula wa3 tested using Coffeyville zinc Sulphide-mica blend CPP-566 for MS-130, The SWP system is definitely best in durability at 47 months, with very little checking, crack ing or erosion,, except as misfit be expected on yellow pine wood. Blare is some cracking with the New Jersey Zinc system, but its main deficiency is in erosion. Regular MS-130 seems slightly better than the Coffeyville blend in this respect, but wherever the wood U3ed is equally good, these two formulations are practically equivalent. #165 - One Coat House Paint We are inspecting a number of houses in the Chicago area for selec tion of a group suitable for one coat house paint tests this spring and early summer. Panels 3800-41 Cof, were examined after 52 months' exposure at Cof feyville, vertical south. These panels are similar to another group, 4100-55, also exposed at Coffeyville only, and studied quite extensively in connection with the recent interest in One Coat House Paints, Ihe older series has less variations in formulation, but is even more conclusive than the other Bst be cause of a year longer exposure time and the fact that not only one coat on repaint wood was used, but also one coat on new cedar and Rex 450-primed work on new cedar. Bie pigmentation is 50$ of 50/50 leaded zinc, 1554 rutile titan ium, 9% basic carbonate yfcite lead, 6$ lead tibanate and 10$ each of asbestine and barytes. One group uses a vehicle based on acid refined linseed oil at 35$ p.v.c. and another tests exactly the same combinations at lower pigment and higher oil content to give a p.v.c, of 52$. The only substitutions of materials are the following liquids, on a 4 gallon basis: (140)' China wood oil, (2159) alkyd, V-11083 "kangaroo oil" at each p.v.c., (2325) Dehydrol at 35$ p.v.c. and ( 3017) Dehydrol at 32$ p.v.c. jjP iii ill 0007-SWP-045052 0007-SWP-000114423 -12- M. VAN LCO Cont. Aluminum Primer is intermediate between Marvelac and Shellac. *v. ^.6. I'etalead with ARV-2209 resin varnish vehicle is definitely poorer than #3, above. Wfll77 - Pigment Studies 414 Leaded Zinc The evaluation of the pigment properties of 414 dry leaded zinc has continued during the month. It will be recalled that the chief objections to |?414 as it has been made have been (1) wetting and (2) texture. These features V-fjere reflected in plant operation as hard mixing and low mill production rates, jyiwo dry grinding trials on 414 have been carried out} one at Coffeyville, on * 'their Stedman mill and the other at Chicago, in the equipment of the Raymond Mill people. At Coffeyville one run was made on the Stedman mill at optimum ^operating conditions, while at Chicago Mr. Stevens arranged a group of runs jj^ca the Raymond equipment so that the product would receive an intermediate and i.a maximum amount of grinding on the Raymond Midget Roller Mill. This would ^ correspond to a large Roller Mill type of dry pulverizing. As a secondary to i this trial one run v/as made on the Raymond "Imp" mill, which i3 a hammer mill jijof the micro pulverizer type. In the laboratory each of the test pignents was made into the PostrKWar STCP formula making the'substitution on an equivalent zinc oxide basis. The results of these tests are as below: Paint No. Leaded :Zinc Used Texture Viscosity RB 442 443 444 445 . 448 447 446 412 dry standard 414 11 Lot 964 (un-milled) 414 n Stedman milled 414 n Raymond "lop'1 milled SM-4-1/2 2P -5-1/4 2P-3M 4 2?-3M 4 29" 30" 20" 26" ) Paint ground ) at fixed' ') nil! setting. ) 412 dry standard 2P-3M 4 414 ii Raymond (max. roller milled) 25-5-3/4 '414 n Raymond (intermediate roller milled) 3M 4--1/4 . 30" 27". 26.2" ) Paint ground ) ) at fixed ) ) mill setting. The zinc oxide pigments were compared for ease of mixing and grind ing on the Br&bender Plastograph. For a description of this instrument see Project #182 below. In tests made with the zinc oxides 10.64 oz. of oil W (2) - 4C# (48)} was fir3t placed in the mixer. To the oil vra.3 added 42.57 oz. of pigment (as auickly as possible). The mixer was then allowed to operate fox* 25 minutes. Samples which wet with difficulty show a sharp rise in consistency ns pigment is added, while those wetting easily show only a minor rise in consistency which quickly levels off. The Plastograph readings at the end of 25 minutes gave the relative consistencies of the pastes under test. 0007-SWF-045053 0007-SWP-000114424 -15- M. VAN LOO Cont, - Conti. The results of the tests are summarized in the table below: Leaded Zinc Initial Consistency Consistency after 25 Minutes Mix 412 414 un-tnilled 414 Stedman 450 eeo 415 105 280 100 Raymond R4 150 11 Imp" Hammer Mill 55 Raymond R5 Roller - Inter. 70 18 Raymond R5 Roller - Max. 55 From the above it can readily be seen that dry pulverizing takes of the wetting problem. In the plant three 300 gallon batches of Rex 471 were made, one ;with Ozlo 412, lot 524, a second with 414 Stedman milled, and a third with j(4l4'Raymond roller milled (blend of R3 and R5 reported above, a3 the leaded |zinc constituent in each case), the leaded mine being the only variable [.between the runs. Milling was on a 5-roll production mill. j|:;' ' Results of these trials are as follows: (Run 4-20-44) sti EReX 471 Tank Leaded Zinc Mill Time Grind Wetting in Mixer p 7 CW 1974 414 Stedman milled 3 hr. 25 min. Good M Normal 1' 10 CW 1972 414 Raymond milled 3 hr. 35 min. Not quite ZP " (v:i - 2 412 dry 3 hr. 45 min. Good 2M < In addition to the above tests, laboratory trials were run attempt-' *3 tQ adjust the roller and stone mill settings to maintain a 2 P grind. Ihe results were as follows: (See next page) 0007-SWP-045054 0007-SWP-000114425 -u- M. VAN LOO Cont.__ Rex 471 Formula - Alt. C, Card 58 Stone Mill (Setting Varied) Leaded Zinc Grind Make-up Fb Time Fineness Immediate Viscosity #5 S-W Cu p 463** 412 414 - Steelman 414 - Stedman 414 - Raymond R5 414 - Raymond R5 414 - Raymond R5 18 dry BW 103* BW 103* BW 105* 18 14' 16' 20' 18' 13' 15 2? 2P 2P 2P 2P 2P 34" 42" 54.4" 49" 49.2" 34.8" Roller Mill (Setting Varied) RB 452 453 454 458 460** 464** 412 414 - Stedman 414 - Stedman 414 - Raymond R5 414 - Raymond R5 414 - Raymond R5 18 dry BW 103* BW 103* BW 103* 13 dry 6' 35" 7' 14" 8' 27" 8' 2" 7' 50" 10' 40" 2P 2M 2M 2M 2P 2P 27" 2S.8" 58.6" 27" 24" 3.8" '1 ! ! *BW 103 added in the thin-down. i- **Quentity of oil in mill base reduced to increase mill paste consistency |S*- for better grinding. $ ' After' the above tests were completed it was apparent they should be confirmed by similar runs in vhich the mills would be set to give a standard 2 P grind on 412 in the Post-Wan formula, letting the resultant fineness of grind on the 414 pigments be the variable. . Rax 471 Formula - Alt. C. Card 58 Paint No. Stone Mill (Setting Fixed) Leaded Zinc Grind Zn Pb Time Fineness Viscosity Immediate #2 S-W Cun 471 412 28' 14" 2 P 472 414 - Stedman 18 dry 25' 37" 2 P 473 414 - Stedman BW 103* 18' 15" 2 M 474 414 - Raymond BW 103* 24' 2P 475 414 - Raymond 18 dry 30' 40" 2 P 476 414 - Lot 2011 ' 18 dry 30' 30" 2 P 39" 38" 49" 42.8" 29.2" 40" /f BW 103 added to thin-down. 0007-SWP-045055 ii 0007-SWP-000114426 -15- |gl77 -.Coat. jfr ; ifPaint zn U. VAN LOO Cont. Leaded Zinc Roller Mill (Setting Fixed) Make-up Pb Time Fineness Viscosity Immediate #3 S-W Cu p SjlB 469 if-: 470 - 466 . 468 r 435 f 467 412 dry Old 414 - Lot 2011 414 - Stedman ' 414 - Stedman 414 - Raymond R5 414 - Raymond R5 ;>OT 103 added to the 'thin-down. 18 dry 18 " BW 105 18 dry BW 10W T 45" 7 1 25" 7' 54" 7' 03" 7' 08" 7' 12" 2P 2P Good 2 M 2M 2P 2P 32" 33" 23" 39111 20.6" 29" An interesting study developed of stone mill grinding at a fixed setting. comparing paste consistencies with mill rates. For this 'work the conaiatencieE of the milled pastes were measured on the Gardner Mobilometer. Sj^'Two weights were used, recording the times for a unit fall of the plunger. gy?r: Paint No. %' ' 475 471 : 476 472 bf; 474 V. 473 Stone Mill Rate vs. Paste Consistency Leaded Zinc 1000 an wt. 414 Raymond + 18 Dry 412 - Standard 414, Lot 2011 + 18 Dry 414 Stedman + 18 " 414 Raymond + BW 10W 414 Stedman , + BW lgS* 10.2" 10.8" 12" 16" 25" 40" 500 am wt. 30" 29" 32" 57" 1' 59" 3 47" Mill Time 30' 40" 28' 14" 30' 30" 25' 37" 24' 18 > 15" Fineness of Grind 2P 2P 2P 2P 2P 2M *BW 105 added to thin-down. Summing up the data in the above tables, it is felt that plant test ing of mill rates is much more reliable than the short run laboratory trials. It is also evident that paste consistencies are very important in determining mill rates, and that much can be done by proper control of this factor. It is our impression that the Stedman milling has greatly improved the wetting of 414, and has effected some improvement of the texture. The material is not equal to 412 dry, but is superior to the unmilled 414. 4 The opacity of 414 has been checked against 412 dry by reflectometer measurements, using the post-war house paint pattern. For the standard, 412 dry and magnesium silicate were introduced at 18,000 Holley units, and at Slit p.v.c. In the comparison formulas, 4L4 was used to replace 412 pound for pound, and on equal chemical basis, using 414 plus basic carbonate white lead. Using draw-downs at various spreading rate3, the following comparisons were reached at 93jt contrast ratio: RB 390 391 392 412 + 20 L 414 + 20 L 414 + 18 + 20 L 500 sq. ft./gal 440 " It n 420 " u u 0007-SWP-045056 0007-SWP-000114427 -- -16- H. VAN LOO Cont. Sfe Further work ig under way, and the above figures should be verified [fore they are accepted as final. Panels 8159-66 C, F, and Cof. were prepared for exposure at Chicago, ^orida, end Coffeyville to'evaluate the durability cliaracteristics of 414 dry leaded zinc versus 412 Ozlo S5/65 leaded zinc, Lehigh #6 leaded zinc, and Jehigh 635, Eagle-Picher 55/65 and 50/50, Azo 35 L leaded zinc, and mechanical s of zinc oxides Azo ZZZ-33, Hew Jersey's Horse Head XX-503 and XX-50 with ,3ic sulphate 9 dry, and basic carbonate 18 dry. The basic formula was the tcalled "post-war" house paint. The 414 pignent appeared to give adequate ior, the consistencies were slightly higher than Then regular 412 was used, t did not approach the consistencies obtained with the mechanical mixes. ^,82 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices - It has been recognized for some years that properly selected surfacesrJive agents are valuable aids in the mixing and grinding of paints. Most 'aye stigators in this field have come to the conclusion that no one wetting gent is equally effective with all pigments or in all vehicles, and that often ^compound producing desirable properties in one paint formula will produce iqually undesirable properties in some other formula. In other words, the 'hysical and chemical phenomena involved are so complex, that the only way to judge the value of a wetting agent is to try it in the specific paint formula ne plans to use." In this laboratory, we are setting up a standard procedure for evalu ating watting agents, vdiich we believe will enable us to pick out the compounds ' Lch could be .effectively utilized in any given formulation. When a surface-active agent is added to a pigment-vehicle mixture, here is usually a profound change in the consistency or plasticity of the aste. ' In some instances there will be a tremendous increase in pigment flocculation, and the paste will become "short" and stiff. In other cases, the addition of a surface active agent will cause an immediate drop in the Slmstie' viscosity, or a "thinning out" of the paste. In evaluating wetting agents for use in any specific formulation, ^therefore, it is important first of all to determine its effect on the plastiRcity of the pigment-vehicle paste. The Brabender Plastograph is proving ^useful in this phase of the work. The instrument consists of a small mixer driven by a freely' swinging dynamometer mounted in ball bearings. The resistance which the material under test exerts toward mixing is transferred G.to the dynamometer, whose bousing tends to equalize this resistance by turn- the direction opposite to that of the driving shaft. The resultant |V thrust is transmitted through levers to a scale system and recorded by an ||i electrically driven writing device on a chart moving at a constant slow speed M 8y^Cl*'onized with the time divisions printed on the chart paper. Consistency ar9 given in meter-grams. The mixer is water jacketed and the temperature 3 isely controlled by a thermostat and pump arrangement. 0007-SWP-045057 0007-SWP-000114428 -19- M. VAN LOO ___Cont. . jf(T3 - Cont. With reference to the sharp reduction of grinding time shown above, it is interesting to note that this is considerably greater than was to be expected from just the lower volume of paste brought about by use of less varuish in conjunction T/ith tho wetting agent. It seems that the wetting agent 4* in a paste of this v?.*^sity also increases "taclc," which further speeds up ,,Y' the grind, The proportion of 25 gallons of (5848)E to 290 pounds 1403 dry for roller mill grinding, as shown on the standard formula record, gives a mill paste somewhat heavier than is desirable in plant practice. The paste will not flow readily in chutes feeding tho mills. In actual operations the mill man would probably prefer 30 gallons of (3848)E to mix vdth 290 pounds 1403. Plastograph tests indicate that the consistency of such a mixture can be equalled with 290 pounds 1403, 24 gallons of (3848)E and 5-3/4 pounds SP 717. Grinding times on laboratory batches using these proportions for the % mill paste gave relative grinding times of S' 56" for standard vs, 21 28" for batch containing the wetting agent (same mill setting)> Mill pastes at this consistency were easier to handle and reduced more .readily. There is still a large saving in mill time through the use of this wetting agent, but the extra speed gained by increased "tackiness" at high paste consistency is lost tc come extent. 1 It is planned to continue the evaluation of wetting agents in Rex 710, and practical factory runs to check laboratory results have been arranged. If factory results are favorable, other rexes can be studied and suitable wetting agents selected. In connection with the use of wetting agents to increase grinding efficiency, it should be recognized that a coupound which is effective for roller mill grinding nay not be effective in ball mill or pebble mill grinding. While in this case, lowering of the paste consistency by the wetting agent to enable us to grind more pounds of pigment per gallon of vehicle is important, the yield value of the adjusted mill paste must be carefully watched. If the use of the wetting agent increases this yield value, the free cascading of the pebbles .is hindered, and mill times increased. For more efficient ball mill grinding, wetting agents which do not increase yield value of the paste f should be selected. . ' #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation: Besides the House Paint Primer formula using Linogel suggested by A-D-M, formulas were also offered for Hall Sealers, Flat Hall Paint, Enamel, and Enamel Undercoater. These were ground out, and were compared with our regular trade sales products of. similar type. Linogel Hall Primer #1 and #2 were compared with Wall Primer and Sealer Rex 193S1 by brushing on the unsized reverse side, of an Upson Board, to check the sealing properties. 0007-SWP-045058 0007-SWP-000114429 -20- M. VAN LOO Cont. Wall Printer end Sealer Wall Primer No, 1 Wall Primer #2 rfi - ' Rex 19681- 511 H 51.3 H Brushing Flow Sealing Drying, over night Viscosity Good It ri Hard N" Very good Good Hard 24" on #5 Very good Good W Hard 27" on #5 The Linogel primers both brushed very well, and did not strike into : the surface as much as Wall Primer and Sealer Rex 19681. The sealing properi'-'ties were all rated equal. No alkali resistance test was run. 'i: The lithopone Linogel flat wall paint, QJ 508 H, was compared with Flat-To.ne. The brushing of the Linogel paint was very free, althou^i the flat twaic puffy in body. Flow end over night drying were rated as good. Uniformity. Jof tint on a ten minute lap was poor and considerable ghosting was evident. -Washability over glue size was very poor. The Linogel white enamel #14, OJ 512 H, appeared satisfactory except for color and body. The lack of brightness apparently was largely due to the ^dark color of the Linogel, although it was partly due. to the use of the rutile %titanium calcium pigmentation. It was cozpared with Rex 26639. It was rated ^;.good in flow and satisfactory in brushing characteristics. The enamel was Ithin, 15 seconds, end probably would soon show settling. ' The Linogel enamel undercoater #7, OJ 510 H, was compared with Flat.fRite Undercoater on Upson Board and on new rood. Hie batch wqs satisfactory ,;' for flow but brushed too freely. The sanding properties were not as good as . ..Hat-Rite, due partly to lade of film thickness and hardness. \ ' i #103 - Metal Protective Paints i " As an extension of an exposure program previously reported, a series of special 52-liC-29 metal protective primers were made up at p.v.c, 'b of 25$, 3C$, and 35$, It was felt that in previous exposures of variations of the * 52-HC-29 specification, too much attention had been paid to blistering proper ties. For a post-war alkyd type of zinc chromate primer the consideration of film integrity as a function of exposure is not necessarily related to blister ing resistance. A second set of zinc chromate primers were also made up at the stand ard p.v.c. of 40$, with tlie following substitutions:1 2 3 1. 30$ by weight of the zinc chromate was replaced by calcined iiicalith. 2. 30$ by weight of the zinc chromate was replaced by Micalith G. 3. For comparison, 30$ by weight of the zinc chromate was replaced by Impedex (ferrous ammonium phosphate). 0007-SWP-045059 0007-SWP-000114430 -4- U. VAN LOO Cont. jnfiA - Cont. little difference in durability between the self-primed and special-primed tests, and the high lead titanate shows surprisingly little difference from the regular in either dirt or fading at present. A combination of very slightly better cleaning and less fading gives the regular Rex. 4S0-primed test a slight appearance advantage over the others. The high lead titanate formula, however, has never shown either unusually bad dirt or especially good color-re teation. jlex 471 doss White of 7-19-40, 150 pounds of 2030 semi-nonchaJUcing TiOg, is compared in the same way with one very similar except that about half (7-1/2$ of .the total pigment) the titanium' is as lead titanate. In this case, special priming has resulted in better durability. Bib lead titanate special is at least equal to the regular in durability, but shows up poorly because of yellow ness and imbedded dirt. - Durability of'Pigaents with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead_________________ A sample of off-colored leaded sine from American Zinc Sales was examined as a possible replacement for 412 dry Oslo 35/65. leaded 2inc in ETff* its. Tests showed the sasple to have a distinctly yellow color, tut it could be used, assuming that it is a co-fumed pigaeat. #165 - One Coat House Paint A number of one coat house paints were prepared during the month, for additional house paint tests. The variations include the replacement of all the R 200 Ti02 by half R 200 and half anatase 1405 dry; 32$ p.v.c. vs. ,34$; Triple A Mica CW 1782 versus Alaibroha #19; and comparisons of the regu lar Rex 471 SKP Gloss White formula of 10-4-45 versus the Post-War SWP Gloss White CH 5051, and One Coat Gloss White CH 4697. Inspection of early one coat house painting tests show that there 'bare wood has been exposed it is advisable bo touch up such spots with Rex 450 Jndercoater or One Coat House Paint before proceeding with the over-all appli cation of one coat of paint. This spiles where bare wood is exposed for any /reason, such as flaking, blistering, burn-off, scraping, or replacement of ^defective boards, etc.. This touch-up will equalize the repaint surface, and .avoid later differences in gloss, chalking rate, fading, etc., caused toy ^unequal loss of oil by penetration. ' * - ^77 - MtTde-w Inhibitors Some interesting information on granulation of house paints may be ; gathered from hot storage tests of 11 months' duration on SWP Mildew Resistant hi!rh Rex 63057. When this formulation was established on the original cid under date of 11-25-41, using tetrachlorphenol as the fungi e> restrictions had to be placed on the shelf life of the paint because of granulation tendencies. When the formula was revised on 4-5-43 to the oil- servation vehicle under M-332, storage test3 were put away, comparing vari- *" mnw tf*nwroil RR. 0007-SW P-045060 0007-SWP-000114431 -7- VAN LOO Cont. The mildew resistant treated Exterior Prefab Primers for the Curtis jnies, Inc. of Clinton, Iowa, have received farther attention during the ih'.^fSaH'Ples &T& now ready to be sent, together with sauries of clear ier'a prepared by the Varnish Laboratory. Ihese will be evaluated by 3j ;A. methods for rot and moisture resistance. A number of insect repellent paints have been made using 3^ of diethyl __taLate, dimethyl phtfaalate, and D.D.T. in SflP. Wien weather permits, out'^gt'tpyiavin ting tests wil l be made against regular SWP. 53^'Exterior Primers Preparations have been made to carry out a comparison of Orange Shel1^02739, Zinlac, and a special shellac substitute CAC 5-21, 'based on zeln, their performance as sealers for knots in exterior painting. Exposures "'''be made at Chicago and Florida. 2'-. Fire Retardant Paints ^ Samples of fused calcium borate, barium borate, strontium borate, and pfesium borate have been received from the Pemco Company, and will be evalu'd|fOr their fire retardant properties. Formulations have been set up for interior and exterior paints. _' >.Piment Studies V". 414 Leaded 7,-tnc ; ' . - ; ' . . .. |P-:: Results were described in the last report of mixing and grinding teste i*p8riaeatally ground.aaspleS of 414 leaded zinc. Ahile Stedman or Raymond gave acceptable wetting properties and effected some improvement "it was concluded that it was still inferior to 412 dry, Coffeyville has completed (the installation of the Stedman mill, end a grind on prodiction 414 has bear made in F Department at Kensington, .the following results:. Paint Rex 471 - Card 36. Alternate C 412 Dry - Standard Formula 414 Dry - Test Formula Characteristics Rex 471. Tank 19. 5-25-44 Rex 471. Tank 20. 5-25-44 1550 Gallons Total Ran 1900 (foil ana Tnfj>i Run 10 hours 14-1/2 hours ^tput per hour 135 gallons as finished paint) 124 gallons - (fineness) ( finished paint) Per Gallon Good 2 U 26" 15.61 - A 15.68 M 51 15.74 - A 15.83 Standard ov> to 01 wI ooo 0007-SWP-000114432 dSWI i -a- M. VAN LOO Cont. Commenting on the above test, these observations should.be added: jlie test formula substituting 414 for 412 was made up by substituting 74 ,ounds.414, 26 pounds lead carbonate, and 2 pounds magnesium silicate for each 100 pounds of 412 dry called for in the standard formulation. In this ?test the lead was added as BW 103, lead pulp, to the paint thin-down, 11 feed pastes were adjusted for consistency so that greater grinding Efficiency might be obtained on the mill. Ihis was done by holding out a "`'portion of the grinding vehicle. Paste viscosities were 32" on the stand ard and 51" on the 414 test, as measured on the Gardner Mobilometer using 'a 200 gm. weight. Ibis difference in viscosity is in favor of the 414 test. It was the impression of the foreman that the 414 was probably being ground Silt at just about its optimum efficiency. The 412 run could possibly have " een icyroved slightly by holding out a little more of the grinding vehicle. Commenting on fineness, viscosity, and weight per gallon on the paints, it !*as felt that this test showed excellent control on the two hatches. The difference in fineness was only very slight. Hie viscosity difference was 'due to the additional water introduced with the BW 103 in the test formula. ' - Commenting further on the 414 batch, it was of interest that greater ,enes3 could not be accomplished in the plant ty tightening the paint mm nd^the point of this operation. Ihis is not true of the standard material. This production run confirms the previous conclusion that Steelmen /,'414 dry is hot equal to 412 dry for texture and the question of usabiloll rests with the factory. The opa'city of 414 has been checked again against 412 dry using the jTtar House Paint pattern. As the standard, 412 dry and magnesium silicate 1introduced at 18,000 Holley units, and at 3156 p.v.c. In comparison formu;|414 was used' to replace 412 pound for pound on an equal chemical basiB g 414 plus basic carbonate white lead. Using draw-downs at various Spread- the following compari sons were reached at 9556 C.R. Paint - Leaded Zinc , Sa, // Trial 1 "ted April) RB 390 RB 391 R3 392 412 + 20 L *414 + 20 L *414 + 18 + 20 L 500 440 420 2 RB 439 412 + 20 L 505 RB 440 *Cff 1974 + 20 L 458 RB 441 *CW 1974 + 20 L +.18 425 3 RB 477 412 + 20 L 500 RB 478 *CW 1974 + 20 L 475 RB 481 *414, Lot 2011 + 20 L 500 RB 480 Off 1974 + 16 + 20 L 425 RB 479 *414, Lot 2011 + 13 + 20 L 460 0007-SW P-Q 45062 0007-SWP-000114433 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. Wftp.' ** KjjjL the above tests, the leaded zinc pigments are as follows: In Trial 1, the ''414 used was prepared in the laboratory; in Trial 2, CW 1974 is Coffeyville ^gtedman milled production of 414, while in Trial S 414, lot 2011 is a sample f 414 dry as produced at Chicago in 1941. &W- So that the evaluation of 414 dry might be complete, exposures have ^aen initiated that will illustrate the durability and tint retention charctaristics of the material with respect to the degree of dry milling which ie 414 pigment has received. This is done testing in both the current Rex 8272.1 formula and the 'Post-War" formulas for whites and tints. 0m-'- - B2 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Last month's report described the use of certain surface active agents :*aidis to grinding on roller mills. All of the original work was done with . leloid White - Rex 710, in which the only pigment called for was anatase 102 -1403 dry. Subsequently, teats have been made with the alternate formula or.:Rex 710 Titich contains 1897 dry - Barium Titanox, in addition to 1403 dry. tests 'indicate that Stanco, Inc. S' 717 is effective with this pigment combina- and laboratory grinds show comparative times of 61 3" for a batch oontain?SP -717 and 10' 4" for a batch with no surface active agent (same mtn The package condition of all batches made with wetting agents recotnided in the last report has been checked. In no instance was the settling dency different from that of standard material, and viscosity changes have " dhe same or less than with control batches. - Work using surface active agents in other rexes will be started soon, additional wetting agents will be evaluated as rapidly as time permits. Studies in Plat Wall Paint Formulation The development of a super one coat flat wall paint has not progressed any satisfactory degree. The aim is to develop a one coat flat equal or prior to Paintercraft plat #10 in other respects, but with a dead flat or W sheen. Formulations using diatomaceous silicas show streaking due to entation of the inert particles along the brush marks, and also poor waafaa- Formulations with low binder ratios show poor washability. The intro*si0a / 611 hiding aS ruttla titanium oxide and all extender as Celite 281, " a V/P volume ratio of 0.7 was also poor in washability. Work continues. Work has been carried on to evaluate varnishes (5848)E and (3850)11 -+. fro esterified black oil- V 18643. The Varnish Research Division submitted - 6 following for test: 0007-SWP-O45063 0007-SWP-000114434 -10- U. VAR LOO Cont. ARV 3334 - Standard (3848)E made from (320) Bodied Linseed. Body S. ARV 3335 - " " 11 - " (2325) Dehydrol. Body S. ARV 3490 - (3fl48)E made from bodied esterified black oil V-18643, Body S. F(3850) 11 Series - Blown ARV 3488 - Standard (3850)N made from (320) Bodied Linseed. Body E-F. ARV 3433 - " "" " (2325) Dehydrol. Body E-F. 'ARV 3491 - (3850)N made from bodied esterified black oil V-18643. Body G. 3850)N Series - Unblown ARV 3493 - (3350)N made from (320) Bodied Linseed. Body E. ARV 3471 - " " " (2325) Dehydrol. Body E-F. glj^ARV 3492 "" n bodied esterified blade oil V-18643. Body G. jp.: . Experimental batches of Semi-Lustre tints, Enameloid tints, Porch and Seek"paints, and Floor Enamels are being made with the above varnishes. Yihere [(48) is used in conjunction with (3848)E or (3850)N, the formulations are ^checked in two ways: (1) substituting the (3848) or (5850)N with the special ased on V-18643, using standard (48), and (2) using standard varnishes replac ing^) with V-18643. '. Enameloid The Varnish Research Division submitted three variations of (3848)E ^ha checked against the standard varnish in Enameloid Hhite, Rex 710. The principal variation was the dehydration of raw castor by dehydrated castor fatty acids: 3480 - Z5 gallon raw castor dehydrated with rosin and Synthanol' acids. RV 3481 - Raw castor dehydrated with Synthanol acids. 1`~r.5487 - 25 gallon varnish. Rosin, Synthanol acids, P. E. Ground into Rex 710, results of drying tests were as follows: g Formula |BC 991 */; pc 1001 pc 1002 BC 1003 Set-to-Touch Varnish .003" .005" Film Film Std. (3848) E 1 Hr. 1 Hr. ARV 3480 u tl ARV 3481 11 11 ARV 3487 tl It 18 Hour Dry .003" .005" Film Film ST ST ST ST ST ST ST + T 24 Hour Dry .003" .005" m* Film WST WST WST WST WST ST WST VST Sward Hardness ,003" 0.005" Film Film 84 B4 84 62 0007-SWP-045064 0007-SWP-000114435 -ii~ M. VAN LOO Cont. Other properties of the enamels are described by the comments belows doss Std. How Sagging Std. OK Silk ing None Soap Resist ance lSt-3 Hr. Water Resist ance 24 Hrs. Some dulling and irtutening OK .'1002 stv. . 1003 Poorest Dirty tr. yellow OK tr. Ion II Less flow then std. OK Like std. Slight Cons. Cons, lower than std. Too much brush- marking Slight 11 ft n n ti p.: None of the experimental vehicles would be satisfactory in whites aa ^Substitute for standard (3848}E. ARV 3480 shows possibilities for tints. ' Porch and Deck Paint V ' Some difficulty was encountered at the Chicago plant in the manu facture of (4880) E. Several batches proved too reactive with zinc oxide to use 4h,ithe current Porch and Deck formulas. An alternate pigmentation of 2140 and 1B8 was worked out so that the reactive lots of (48B0)E could be safely used. . Subsequent factory batches of (4880)E using the formula call lug for water gum rather than rosin, proved to be entirely satisfactory. A recheck of gnginal batches of Porch and Deck made with (4880)E some months ago showed SWpackage condition to be excellent, with no gain in viscosity. A repeat laboratory run of Porch and Deck paint using some of the first (48B0)E made in plant, also showed no bodying tendency. It is felt that there will be Hfuture difficulty in making (4880)E. a. (38481E Stability During the month a number of factory batches of (3848)E were; checked Ensraeloid ^ Semi-Lustre laboratory batches for stability. Although this Reticle is being held very closely to standard for body, acid value, percentage of non-volatile, etc., aome lots have a tendency to give high, puffy consist* &cies in Enaraeloid White or Semi-Lustre. No satisfactory explanation for this tendency has yet been offered. The following consistency data illustrates the difficulty. 000'7-SWP-045065 0007-SWP-000114436 - -r '4 rig M i r-- -- i jmnm----------- -12- / M. VAM LOO Cont. _ figaterlfil y. i UBnjitiuunneeloid. ' *Rhite |I W ' m- m" White B f.y :" m- ". gSemi-Luatre {Ivory iWhite n w >c. : Semi-Lustre Cream Pisment 1403 tl 11 n n 2132-4G1-L 2247-2180 If If 1897-461-L 2188 n 2132-461-L 2188 n 2132-461-S ass a Varnish Used (3848)E Tank 95 (5848) E Batch 153 (3848) E Batch 152 (3848)E Tank 119 (3843) E Tank 124 (3843)E Tank 302 (3848) E Tank 303 (5848)E Tank 119 (3848) E Tank 119 (3848)E Tank 95 (3848) E Batch 153 (3848) E Batch 152 (384B)-E Tank 119 (3848) E Tank 124 Viscosity #3 at 75 F. 5-4-44 46" 6-12-44 34" ' 5-12-44 38" 6-1-44 51" 6-1-44 48" 4-24-44 48" 4-24-44 42" 4-25-44 28.6" 4-29-44 24.5" 5-4-44 45" 5-12-44 a 5-12-44 42" 6-1-44 34.2" 6-1-44 38.2" Viscosity #3 at 75 F. 6-6-44 61.2" 6-6-44 70" 6-6-44 53" 6~*o--44 l1 38" 6-S-44 73" + l/4 051 6-6-44 44" 6-6-44 39 ,.6" 6-6--44 34.4" 6-6-- 44 31.8" 6-61-44 Si..6" 6-61-44 a.4" 6-6-44 49" 6-6-44 36" 6-6-44 34.2" ^Standard viscosity EnaznaLoid White 35 - 40"; for Seni Lustre 25 - 30". 0007-SWP-045066 0007-SWP-000114437 JUdL -13- M. VAN LOO Coni. Cont.* i * * * * * 7 '( 5850) N Some llthopone shipments have shown a tendency to body up in paints containing (3850)N. Wall Primer and Sealer was revised several months to replace 461 with a titanium calcium pigment because of this tendency. A number of modifications of (3850) N were submitted by the Varlah Research Division in an attempt to make a vehicle which would be safe even i .a reactive lithopone. Experimental batches of Wall Primer and Sealer, aeloid Ivory, and Floor Enamel Slate were made, using these varnishes and a reactive lithopone from a recent shipment. None of the e^erimehtal vehicles produced paints with lithopone which were as stable as those ihich could be ade with titanium-calcium. 'r -. V- The following data was obtained: ^ .*' 3478 - Standard Linseed (3850)N. 5 gallon varnish, Linseed-Velsicol>. Rosin, blovm. Body F-G. f-3483 - Standard Dehydrol (3850)N. Body E-F. 7 3488 - Standard Linseed (3850)N. Body E-F. -I 3472 - Velsicol-Dehydrol varnish. Body D. ^3471 - Velsicol-Dehydrol varnish. Body E-F. BOT 3489 - Velsicol-Dehydrol varnish with l-l/4$ Pb vs. 1/2$ in standard. g||>. Body D-E. Material Pi ament Used Rf 'and S Card #19 1271 - 566 IpV " #18 461 S - 566 Iv. #15-A 461 S - 1403 f*'" " 15 2132 P and S Card #19 1271 - 566 ;V.. " " #ie 461 S - 566 Eaamel.lv. n ^15_a 461 S - 1403 " n ' 15 2132 Exp. Varnish Used ARV 3478 Vis cosity 5-9-44 20.2'' Vis- ~ Vis cosifev cosity 5-10-44 5-24-44 22" 33" It 80.6" 3 35" Too hvy It 47 a 1' 13" 3' n 23" 24" 25" ARV 3483 16" 17" 24" n 19.2" 53" 1' 30" tt 23" 36.8" 67" it 16" 17" 19" 0 0 0 7 -SW P-0 4 5 0 6 7 0007-SWP-000114438 -14- M. VAN LOO ___Cont. _ Cont. ^urial ;n 18 Pigment Used Exp, Varnish Used 481-3 - 566 ARV 3488 Albalith Red Label-565 11 1271 - 566 ft Albalith Red Label-586 ARV 3472 1271 - 566 It 4S1 S - 566 H Vis cosity 5-13-44 54.2" Viscositv 5-17-44 Too hvy Vis cosity 5-24-44 Too hvy 21.8" 50" 36" 20" 28.2" 40" 15" 19" 22.8" 12" 15" SO" 14" 26"' 31" 19 1271 - 566 ARV 3489 5-15-44 14.2" 15" 17" 461 S - 566 Albalith Red Label-566 tt II 461 S - 566 1271 - 566 461 S - 1405 " 15 2132 oor Enamel Slate Card 20 461 S ARV 3471 tf 0 tf Tt 5-16-44 23" 36" 0.6" 13" 15.4" 5-4-44 5-5-44 31.6" 1` 43" Too hvy 19" 19" 23" 24" 42" 1 45" 19.6" 21.8" . 22" 18.6" 30" 1' 25" Pretreatment of Metal Surfaces for Painting A program of study concerning the pretreatment of metals for paint,K has been initiated with the purpose of evaluating in general the proprietary ^ cleaners now commonly used. Emphasis in this work will be placed upon .those cleaners which are particularly used in aircraft construction, where con siderable difficulty ha3 been encountered in obtaining satisfactory cleaning ffledulaa and adequate adhesion of finishing systems. Biis study will consist of cleaning the more common aircraft skin Jotals such as 24S-T, 24S-T Alclad, and anodized 24S-T and common magnesium is such as Dowaetal H and J-l. After typical cleaning, the metals are to dip coated with a standard aircraft primer such as Rex 70110 and topped ~ a ^S**!** finish such as Rex 72000. These coated metals roll then be Submitted to salt spray, salt water immersion, adhesion tests, and outdoor ?*Posure in order to determine the effect of the various methods of pretreatment. CO oivn o I Ss CQ rooIo -4- M. VAN LOO Cont. 77 - Mildew Inhibitors Work is under way to improve the brushing qualities of STCP Mildew Resistant Treated Gloss White - Rex 83057. Three variations were made on the regular formula: 1, Introduction of 10 gallons of CW (1993) Linogel. 2. Replacement of 20 I Magnesium. Silicate by Aluminum Flake //5. 5, Introduction of 4 pounds Flaxoap. ' The Flaxoap was most effective in reducing the "feel under the brush" ibat at least 8 pounds would be required per hundred gallons. Work continues. A number of cedar panels have been returned by Koppers Company, Wood ^Preserving Division, after impregnation with chromated zinc chloride, for tests as to paintability. This treatment is-supposed to impart fungus resistance and 'some degree of fire resistance. The paints to be included are the regular S-W system of 450 Undercoater and 471 Gloss White, also the post-war SWP One Coat j;House Paint and an alkyd house paint, over Rex 450, lead-in-oil, and New Jer sey's Cryptone MS 150/leaded zinc paint, to cover a wide variety of types, ENail tests will be included to see if there is any action from the chromated fzinc chloride. [V #177 - Figment Studies 414 Leaded Zinc In the last report grinding and opacity characteristics were reported 6`for the various 414 Leaded Zinc samples. Since that report, additional tests 'have been made on That at the time was believed to be micronized 414. After the work was completed it was learned that the sample actually was 412 dry, jwhich received the micronizing treatment. It is of interest to note that in comparing opacities the micronized .412 dry showed an advantage of between 10 to 15^ over that which .was not micro- ;;'nized. From this it seemed apparent that even a fumed pigment such as 412 dry [ would agglomerate in the fuming process, to the degree handicapping the opacity developed. ', The exposures of 414 dry have been prepared to the point of paint- ; inS' Shading of both the Grays and Colonial Yellow tints haB been completed. m Special Studies White Pigment Hiding Daring the month tests were made on ten emulsion type flat wall paints. These tests were negative in nature insofar as results are concerned. The technique being used now is not suited to thi3 type of formula and intro duces errors which nullify the work completely, Jorlc is under way to improve `'he method. m 0007-SWP-045069 0007-SWP-000114440 M. VAN LOO Corit. White Pigment Hiding - Cont. Further work is under way to extend the coverage of Table I index values over more white pigments than, those reported last month. Exposures Paints for the evaluation of the buff and gray Titint pignants .have been shaded and are ready for exposure. #182 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Work in previous months showed that P 717 (Stanco, Inc.,) was effective as a wetting agent when used in Enameloid White - Hex 710. Hie - amount used in early tests was 2$ by weight of the pigment. In order to determine whether this is the optimum percentage, Plastograph determinations were made in which the amount of P 717 was-varied from 1$ to 2-1/2$. The readings below show no reduction in paste consistency where more than 1-1/2$ of the wetting agent is used. Enameloid Paste (no y/etting agent) - Plastic Viscosity - 240 meter-grams, " (plus 1$ 3* 717)' _ n n _ 95 n n (plus 1-1/2$ " ) _ n - 60 11 " (plus 2$ 11 ) _ ii - 60 i " (plus 2-1/2$ ") _ n " _ 60 " " Three surface active agents which were useful in Enameloid Nhite, namely Stance's SP 717, Tergitol #7 and Ean #60 were evaluated in Enameloid .Ivory. Both pigment and vehicle are different in this formula from that used in the white. The pigment is titanium calcium and the vehicle (3850)N, a Velsicol Dehydrol varnish. S' 717 and Tergitol #7 wrere effective in this formula bit Span 60 instead of lowering the paste consistency caused floccu lation and higher viscosity. This emphasizes the point previously brought out, that surface active agents are quite specific and must always be checked before use in the exact formula to be manufactured. Plasto graph Data Pigment Vehicle Wetting Agent PlaBtic Vise. (Meter-grams) 400 lb3 nn nn n ii ii nn it ii It It 2132 " n " II ii It 22 gals. (3850)N 18 " 15 ii n 14 " 15 I! 15 v. " II n - rr I! 1 r; II n n None 6 lbs. SP 717 " S' 717. " " SP 717 " " Tergitol 7 " " Tergitol 7 11 i! Tergitol 7 I: fpar. 60 120 25 no 140 140 80 50 0 0007-SWP-045070 -7- . M. VAN LOO Cont. r p - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation In our efforts to develop a super one-coat flat -nail paint T/ith low 'een, we have tested Stroba Wax and Santocel as possible flatting agents, ^ produce a slight drop in sheen but not sufficient to be of interest, parBnilarly since washability is still low. Both will be tried in #10 Flat, 7'ch has good washability, along with Acrawax C. 2198 dry, #282 Georgia Kao- 'Olay was also tested, but was found to produce too high a sheen to be of lvalue. For a time it appeared that there mi^it be a shortage of Titanox RC `1.2132 dry. du Pant's Ti-Cal R 20, our 2142 dry, is more sensitive to moisra, and in general tends to produce much higher consistencies than Titanox IHT, and is not a consistently satisfactory replacement for the latter. vPont now offer Ti-Cal R 25 as a closer match for RC HT, being less water* Sitire than Ti-Cal R 20. R 25 appears to be equal to RC HT in all respects, ept that the body is slightly higher, when used in Flat-Tone or #10 Flat. Viscosities - Flat Wall Paints Fresh 48 Hrs. 4 Days Reduced 25$, #4 Orifice H Paintercraft #10 Flat using Titanox RC HT 6.6" 9" 9.4" ` Ti-Cal R 25 8.4" 10.2" 11.8" Full body, #5 Orifice 9.8" 13.2" 14" - v n - n xi_Cal R 25 11.2" 15.2" 17.6" We have been informed that it will not be necessary for us to accept 7e'rie3 of R 25. However, its position relative to 2132 dry and. 23.42 dry :i?d 'be noted. fw- .. There have been some complaints on the brushing qualities of Painter- |t'#10 Plat since the oil content had to be reduced to conform to M-552. ^formula has been revised to ease the brushing through toe introduction of gallons of CW (1996) Linogel for an equal volume of (5880)E varnish "ds. Production batches have been made and found to be satisfactory in all 5Qcts* new formulas effect a slight reduction in cost. The following inerts have been evaluated in Flat-Tone, paralleling tests in SWF: 0007-SWP-045071 0007-SWP-000114442 M. VAN LOO Cont. Cont* X. Lesamite. Thompson, Weinman and Co., Inc. A calcium carbonate ^' controlled particle size ranging from 5 to 15 microns, with all the fines --cved. No particular advantage over 566 dry Mineral Whiting could be found, ^tber in sheen, brushing, flow, or vrashability, all of which were equal, listency was lower. 2. Aluminum Hake #5. Aluminum Flake Co., Akron, Ohio. Said, to be ^amorphous, plate-like aluminum silicate. The outstanding characteristic of extender is the ease of brushing, apparently imparted by the plate-lika picture. The flow, sheen, and washability were very similar to 566 dry. A 'pound bag was ordered for further tests. 3. A.S.P. Clay #1 and #11. Commerce Petroleum Co. A.S.P. #1 is aended as a non-priority substitute for Multifex. The special clays -'re..both higgler in viscosity, puffier, and lacked flow compared with Micro ya A, and they were not equal in waahability. Semi-Lustre A considerable amount of time was spent in developing teaporaiy nmilas to use (4330)E instead of (384S)E and to eliminate lithopona. Many Sck* batches using various lots of (S848)E cooked to different viscosities rcTalso made end tested. In addition to the difficulty with stability of 5, as described in previous reports, it was found that (48) purchased jf'.Werner G. Smith was a factor in producing heavy, puffy Semi-Lustre of certain sheen characteristics. The use of (5020) in place of some of the (348) to produce a longer t^edge" in Semi-Lustre, also proved to be a factor in producing "smokiness" ow'sheen. fib/ !^Pamelold A series of enamels using (3848)E and 2174 dry, non-chalking rutile Wt 'yms prepared and checked for opacity. Comparisons of both tinted and tated enamels were made. It was found that 3.5 pounds of rutile TiOa per gallon, gives "practi-Ji.one coat hiding in a rtiite brushing enamel, and that this same amount of gient is required to give one coat opacity, to light tints of Ivory, Jonquil 9U.ow, Cream and Peach similar to those in the Kern-Tone line. 'In de-.Tev tints such as Avalon Blue, Stratford Green, Aqua, etc. 1- Pounds ci rutile Xi02 gives satisfactory hiding. . "ho follovdug table gives brightness readings over white and black, " the contrs3t ratios for the experimental white enamels. 0007-SWP-045072 0007-SWP-000114443 -9- XI. VAN LOO Cont. Pounds of Rutile 1i02 Brightness Par Gallon of Enamel Over White Over Black Contrast Ratio 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 Control 2.90 (anatase Ti02) 86.8$ 88 88.2 88.2 88.8 89.2 89.5 89.9 88.8 - 79.1$ 80.2 82.4 83.3 84.2 85.2 86.2 87 82.9 91.8$ 91.2 93.5 93.8 94.8 95.6 96.3 96.8 93.4 Porch and Deck Paint A special 4 ft. x 4 ft. yellow pine platform was constructed for Kintal exposure at the Chicago Exposure Farm of a series of porch and ^paints. Special attention is to be paid to chalking and fading compared -45 exposure, and to the effects of periodic washing. Half of each The fonmijielude the current type of leaded zinc - (4880)E type except that the ^glycerin Dahydrol varnish V 11168 was used} the 1943 Titanox BC y--j E formula} the 1942 Titanox RC (4100) alkyd type} and the 1936 leaded ^modified phenolic-tung oil formula. This teat is now under way. Metal Protective Paints oi;, . The development of a post-war trade sales metal primer has proceeded appoint of selecting some of the more promising formulations which have been made and further modifying and testing them. 'Mr -' 'Ble most promising material has bear the special zinc chromate, iron Je.zinc oxide, magnesium silicate in bodied linseed oil primer. This was linally formulated at 33$ P.V.C. A 38% P.V.C. is being tested at present, ations in the vehicle at 33$ and 38$ P.V.C. include the use of (2159) 52-MC-21 alkyd vehicle, V 18339 phenolic tung oil varnish, and V 15116 ^."jalkyd. Hie original work using (2159) alkyd is being repeated with preojis^anomalous results in mind. Since the color of this special primer may not be as popular po3tyellow zinc chromate color for a metal primer the iron oxide was ^placed by magnesium silicate as another variation. Another modification ^made by substituting leaded zinc 412 dry by volume for the zinc oxide, hating the p;v.C. in one case with magnesium silicate and in another case w. zinc chromate. Zinc tetroxy chromate was substituted by volume for the c chromate. 0007-SWP-045073 0007-SWP-0001 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations for July, 1944 M. VAK LOO Y_ pigment Studies . During the inspection trip in the east we had some discussion with [Tpont as to the significance of so-called "free" and "bound" oil in defcer- the performance of house paints. Because we believe that these factors i'be important for more intelligent formulation approach, we have undertaken Rfew simple experiments to weigh the significance of thc3e values. _ Mr. J. F. Broeker, of du Pont, has defined the "bound" oil in paint ^roughly the amount of oil required to satisfy the oil demand of the pigjits, and the "free" oil that portion of the binder over and above the amount jSssary to satisfy the oil absorption. Therefore, as applied to flat wall its the pigment volume/free binder ratio is the factor largely controlling Ji"'properties as brushing, leveling, enamel hold-out, wasuability, etc., jther than the over-all pigment/binder ratio. If, for example, in a refornu- on a low oil absorption pigment were simply replaced by one identical in position, but having a higher oil absorption, the substitution would ibrease the "free" oil in the paint. In exterior paints, the same would apply. For example, a co--fumed ded zinc would have a much lower oil absorption than a mechanical blend of LcuLar zinc oxide and acicular lead sulphate, and an equal volume substitu- ?of the mechanical hlead for co-fumed leaded zinc would tie up more of the las "bound"oil. The replacement of a low oil absorption magnesium silicate ''as 20 L by higher oil absorption extenders, particularly such as Surfex, would do tlie same. Such substitutions would have the same effect as pigig at a higher p.v.c. Ytolff has written several articles along such lines. Our first approach was the familiar oil-absorption tests (spatula tod) using the pigments which appear in SWP Glcss 7!hite, and a variety of teles used in this paint. The results WBre as follows: Oil Absorptions Expressed as Pounds Oil per 100 Pounds Pigment Using (2) K# (2) Raw Linseed 502 (48) Bodied Linseed t litanox RA-10-M0 ' 55/65 Leaded Zinc ?Basic Carb. White Lead 20.4 14.8 10.1 30.2 - 33 11.3 _ Titanium Barium 20.4 18.8 fMagnesium Silicate F/r 27.8 22.6 He of Rex 471, card 38., without thinners or driers. 6Q2 (2) 402 (48) Bodied Linseed* 29.1 11.25 8.7 18.a 2G.3 Using the above oil absorption figures, and the normal Rex 471 pigProportions, we calculated the oil absorption requirements for the Rex blend. Then, by extending the vehicle with thinner and required drier to 0007-SWP-045074 0007-SWP-000114445 -2- M. VAN LOO Cont. ry - Cont. A fluid product, paints were ground on the roller mill, at various frac as of the oil absorption requirements, ranging from 4C# to 160# at 20$ i'tervals. These paints were applied by a 0.005" clearance draw-down gauge on tied paper sheets (spreading rate approximately 575 sq. ft./gal.). The were allowed to dry 24 hours before testing. Die enamel hold-out was checked with Semi-lustre Pale Green. At and ve the oil absorption point, the dried films showed perfect hold-out. At [of the oil absorption requirements, the hold-out had fallen away at least y and below 80# the Semi-Lustre flattened out completely on drying. Perhaps more significant data was obtained by making permeability asiirements of these films. The results given below are the permeation of through the paper and paint films *hen mounted in Payne permeability cups. Cent of ^Absorption irementa* Initial. 6 Hrs. at 120 ?. Penaeabilitv/Milllgrams HoO Per Hour Over Night Repeat 17 Hrs. at 80 F. 7 Ers. at 120 F. paper 0. A. 132 122 114 32 15 14 15 16 ised on 60/40 blend raw linBeed/(48). 27.3 26.8 24.0 5.8 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 135 150 114 31 13 15 15 15.4 It is interesting to note the sharp drop in permeability as the 80# t is passed, the low permeability at the 100# oil absorption requirements and then the indication of a alight increase in permeability as oil in ce38 of these requirements is added. It would be assumed that below 80# of the oil absorption requirements oil is "bound" and there is no "free" oil to set up a continuous film, erefore, these films are porous or permeable. At or shortly above the oil orptlon point the film becomes continuous, with maximum packing of the pig- t. Since the pigment is impermeable, this would be the point of maximum permeability of a Him in which the pigment is dispersed in this vehicle. .oil is added over and above the oil absorption requirements, the "free" oil id tend to separate the pignent particles. Since the permeability of the der is finite and le3S than that of the pigment, the permeability would crease and eventually approach that of the straight binder. 0007-SWP-045075 0007-SWP-0001 -3- M, VAN LOO Cont. From these preliminary tests it is apparent that the "bound" oil in `formulation corresponds quite closely to the oil absorption requiref ithe pignent blend. This has opened up several interesting avenues and the investigation will be continued. We particularly want to the' oil absorption determinations given earlier, as more accurate iations are desirable because of their importance. Considering the specific applications of the above on SWP doss the oil absorption values for (2) raw linseed oil, the ratio of S/to "free" oil in the pre-oil conservation formula of card 33, 1-19-42, 0.9 to 1,00. Using 60# raw, 40# (48) oil absorption figures `"oil conservation formula of card 38, alternate C, the ratio of "bound" free" oil is approximately 0.85 to 1.00. therefore, we observe the fact that in spite of the lower total oil content of conservation Lithe higher p.v.c,, the ratio of "free" to "bound" oil is larger in _ t formulas. The difference obviously is due to the more efficient Action of the bodied oil. IMs ratio of "free" to "bound" oil may help t for the good performance of our oil conservation house paints. padtv of Pianenta ' js:Additions to the opacity index given in earlier reports are the SHng: ; . . Sq. Ft./Lb. Type Formula at 95# C. R, - Li thopone -1 jvJtnatase Titanium Calcium I Ti-Bar HH .I jr!>Double Strength Lithqpone III .1--' House Paint House Paint House Paint Flat Wall Paint 49 82 82 . 89 ability of Pigments with Special Reference ^CL're- a' ded. Zinc and White Lead_____ ;________ __ . . ^Panels 8352-68 C and Cof. were prepared for exposure at Chicago and -to evaluate the new 414 dry leaded zinc in exterior house paints, gcnulas used were SWP Gloss White current oil conservation and "post-war, "post-war" tint. The leaded zincs used include: dry. Ozlo 35/65 leaded zinc, regular production. 4 Chicago 1941 production. 4 dry. Current production with no pulverizing. ;diy-- CW 1974. Current production - Steelman milled. .dry - CW 1972. Current production - Raymond milled. Substitutions were made on the basis of chemical equivalence. 0007-SWP-045076 00G7-SWP-000114447 -4- M, VAN LOO Cont. 'New experimental sauries of 4l4 dry leaded zinc have been received aflted'in the laboratory. These included "412 Special," a mixture of 511 p/sb Leaded Zinc and 414 dry to make a 5ffJ> leaded pigment, then ground Wythe Steelman mill; 414 Special No. 1, a production lot that had a j"pass '.through the`Stedman; 414 Special No. 2, a surface treated sample; 1.4 Pilot, a specially processed sample. These were compared with 414 dry selected at random as representing normal practice. The results -~:c ?.% social Serial'; Residue C'ville Card 1.20 0.17 0.35 1.70 0.80 Paint Test Grind Viscosity P ZM-2P 2I1-2P 28.2" 25.0" 25.0" 2J-2P 2 II 2H-2P 25.2" 31.0" 28.0" Spatula Rub-up Texture Color Smooth; no grits. Bad; gritty. Std. Smooth; si. grits Equal Bad; gritty Std. 414 ii ii it n H II SI. brighter than std. but more yellow. ? In addition to the above a sieve analysis was run on three of the "pies. The results sure presented for That they are worth, recognising srt--comings of this type of test. 150 Mesh j Retained on Screen 200 Mesh 250 Mesh- 325 Mesh Pecial 0.602 0.108 (1.878 (1.842 1.146 0.198 (1.266 (2.264 1.230 0.192 (2.158 (2.045 1.614 0.546 (1.622 (1.398 -m will be observed that the 414 Special #1 shows high residues the 150 and 200 mesh screens. Ihctory runs will be made on these determine speed of production, grinding on the Premier mill. '471 Samples of micronized asbestines were submitted by Micronized Pigllnc. and were tested in both the pre-war and the oil conservation for ST5>. The micronized extenders were not satisfactory since in. ' ^instance they caused too much increase in body, and developed a definite the brush. There was some loss in gloss, occasioned at least in a s^aTP brush marks. Durability studies cannot be run with these ,a Because of contamination during the micronizing, vhich affects the Tiiich we do not believe has any effect on the consistencies. 0007-SWP-045077 0007-SWP-000114448 -8- M. VAN LOO . Coat. Ji?.'. M162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation ?i' So far it Las been difficult to obtain a low uniform sheen in the jjper One Coat Elat and at the same time maintain washability. We hare everted to the vehicle -combination of Rex .65310 One Coat Elat, which has a Eftgh degree of washability. To reduce the sheen and to eliminate any possible Sjffects on washability of the calcium sulphate extender in Titanox RC HT or i-Cal R-20, the pigmentation was made rutile Ti02 R 200 and magnesium silicate, ishability still was inadequate and further work must be done. As one step, |the rutile Ti02 will be replaced by anatase on an .equal hiding basis. Variations of Flat-Tone White have been made replacing the regular ttender combination of magnesium silicate and Micro Velva A with Micalith-G, i micaceous extender offered by Glidden, Micalith-G performed very similarly , :the regular inert combination with respect to body, flow, and brushing dualities, while sheen is slightly lower. Washability tests show Micalith-G * be very good in this respect. The principal objection is the gray color. I are waiting for delivery of a sample of white Micallth which has been proLsed. Costs appear rather high for economical replacement of current ktenders. __ During the month the following competitive flats were conpared with gaintercraft Flat #10, or Flat-Tone White Rex 15185, as seemed indicated ty larity in recommendations or physical characteristics: Mautz One Coat Flat White #88 - Kautz Paint and Varnish Co. Unicoat Flat #250 White - T. C. Esser Co. Intenso cote C-2 Washable One Coat Flat White - Patek Brothers, Inc,. Tufcote Flowing F lat White - E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. The principal criticism of all the above competitive flats is their orosity and poor washability, which is particularly pronounced over glue lae. Both Paintercraft #10 and Flat-Tone have a high degree of washability. ie hiding of some of the competitive flats is higher than the corresponding -W flat. Detailed reports with photographs ?rere made on each product. Fhameloid Two experimental varnishes made from ester gum, Dehydrol and oiticica Bil were submitted for evaluation in Enameloid. Laboratory batches were ground t and compared with a batch made with (3848)E, the regular F.E.J Ro3in l^ydrol varnish. Results of tests are as follows: ISnamal |SC 1231 jC 1232 ISO IO43 Varnish ARV 3531 ARV 353.1 ( 3843) E Brushing O.X. 31. sticky O.X. Bet-to-touch .003n draw down fUm Over-ni^it dry 2 hr. 50 min. 2 " 25 " 3 30 " O.R. h Flow - Tendency to sag Colo; SL. too, SI. ycJ, much Def. 0007-SMP-045078 0007-SWP-000114449 -U. -s- VAH LOO Cont, - Ck>nt. IV. Super Enamels A great deal of time during the month was devoted to the prepara tion of experimental enamels for the Cleveland Technical Service, who will ase them in a series of exposure studies. 15 varnish vehicles have been Prepared by the Varnish Division and each varnish is being tested in si;: different enamels - White, Black, Light Gray, Light Slue, Para Red Deep and bluidina -Red. ter- . pp.60 - Painting of Bricks Tests are under way to determine the durability and waterproofing rcperties of cold water powder paints Aquella and Aquella No. 2, reconended for waterproofing and dampproofing concrete, concrete or cinder locks, brick, masonry, etc. Bonding Cement, Brick and Stucco Paint, and iwo' sodium silicate paints sent in from Newark are being used as comparison abuts. For laboratory test3, the outside of cement building blocks were Sated with the test paints and the hollow interior cells filled with water. Lthough the test has just started, the Aquella paints are performing well it the moment. An actual larger scale basement te3t will also be run. 105 - Metal Protective Paints The panel preparation study undertaken in cooperation with the C.S.T.M. and described in the May and June reports has drawn to a conclugloa during the current month, with the exception of the outdoor exposures Ich have shown nothing of interest at this time. It will be recalled that the problem.was twofold: (1) 'a cocparison ^naphtha wipe to trlcblorethylene vapor degreasing, and (2) the .effect of igrasion on the exposure tests. After 2400 hours of immersion in distilled llater and 2Cj salt solution the panels were partially stripped and the fol0*ing conclusions drawn: ; In distilled water and in salt water immersion, blistering and rusting w'. were more serious in the case of trlcblorethylene degreased panels. Stripping revealed considerably more pitting and etching of the base metal in distilled water immersion than in 2QS salt solution. '^ Abrasion of the panel before coating produced varied results. In distilled water, the abraded portions of the panels were less blistered, but more corroded than the unabraded portions. In stripping these panels there was much better adhesion of the paint film to the abraded than to the unabraded areas. 0007-SWP-045079 0007-SWP-000114450 -6- M. VAN LOO Cont. |22 - Mildew Inhibitors The various samples of fungicidal paints for test in Havana, Cuba, `have been shipped, together with necessary panels and brushes. The agents "were described in the July report. Nuodex HP-321 phenyl mercury naphthenate j.8 included in these tests. It is thought that the naphthenic base would make j5>-321 even more toxic to fungus than phenyl mercuric oleate, which has been found very effective to date. A similar but somewhat expanded series has been prepared for ejgposure in Florida. 1^173 - StudieB of Dark Colored House Paints Nuact Paste, recommended by Nuodex to prevent loss of drying has been ground into SWP French Green and Enameloid Black, using \% of the paste based on. tile paste weight of the grind. The batches listed herewith will be checked for drying fresh and after ageing for one, three, and six months. SWP French Green - Rex 562 Formula y<- jjKT 904 H Viscosity - 4Z Orifice Fresh 5 Days Drying Reg. formula 3-30-44 35" 63" Wet at 6 hr. 15 rain. 905 H Using Nuact i 906 H Using 18 dry 32" 29.6" 60" 59". Set at " Wet at " " Enameloid Black i- Formula - Vis. #3 Orifice Fresh 5 Days Drying OJ. 900 H Reg., formula 11-22-43 ' Contains 1128 dry - Litharge 21" 28.4" Set at 2 hr. 40 min. :f 901 H Reg. of 11-22-43 but no Litharge 20" 26.4" ? 902 H " + Litharge and 18 dry 25.2" 40.2" 5' 903 H n " * + Litharge and Nuact 44.4" 49.8" Ditto ii n ;V 883 H s. " with Nuact, no Lithurge. fl48 - Examination of White Lead 25.7". 29.6" ii The opacities of various white lead carbonates wore determined, ?"d found to be as follows: $ 0007-SWP-045080 0007-SWP-000114451 -7- M. VAN LOO Co'nt. fe?;l46 - Cont. Pigment Tinting Strength Hiding Sq. Ft./Lb. at 95% C.R. 18 dry composite 1944 117 27.4 National H.T.S, 120 29.4 National 353 150 35.4 National 111 155 35.1 11J162 - Studies in plat Wall Paint Formulation Flat. Wall Pnint.s Work continues on the development of a Super Elat Wall Paint. The p work to date indicates that magnesium silicate and silica are the most desir& able inerta( from the standpoint of wa3hability, considering those extenders which will produce some degree of flatness. However, vtfien the poundage of each is increased to 180 pounds, there is a scratchy feel under the brush, ;and the waahability must be rated fair to good. Further work is needed. Enameloid - Semi-Lustre Samples from four factory runs of (3848)E were submitted for check!' ing in Enameloid and Semi-Lustre formulations. All lots were "standard" for If body, color, percentage volatile, etc., and were designated as follows: (3848)E Special #1, made with (2325) and P.E., lot 52 A ( 3848) E Special #2 B " (320) " " (3848) E Special #3 " " (2325) n if ( 3848) E Special #4 " (320) 1 " 52 A n ]_g n 16. P.E. lot 52 A - hydroxyl value 47.3 P.E. lot 16 _ tl " 41.3 Laboratory batches of Rex 710, Enameloid White were ground using u. each of the above lots of varnish. The 1405 dry pigmentation and the alternate blend of 1403 and 1897 were both included. AKV 3530, a 25 gallon ftehydrol ester gum varnish, was also used for experimental hatches, and was tested against the various lots of (3B48)E. The following table gives data on drying time and consistency: 0007-SWP-045081 0007-SWP-000114452 -8- y.ViRS -- Cont. Varnish M. VAN LOO Cont. Enaneloid Pigment Touch Drying 0'Nite Sward Hardness 24 1 (3348)E Sp ec. #1 E1255 P'v- ' n ii M tl 11 11 n "n #3 u " #i " #2 " #3 * #4 ARV 3530 Il266 ARV 3530 + (3012) 1267 ARV 3530 + (2231) 1403 1403 1403 1403 1403 - 1897 1403 - 1897 1403 - 1897 1403 - 1897 1403 - 1897 1403 - 1897 1403 - 1897 2 hr. 22 min. 1 " 15 tl ST ST 1 " 39 If 1 15 II 1 " 45- 1? 1 " 9 11 1 " 43 It ST ST ST ST ST 1. " 8 n 1 " 24 n 1 * 37 ft 1 it 20 it ST ' ST + T ST 8 12 7 10 9 12 7 10 6 6 6 *,1268 ARV 5530 + (3012) 1403 - 1897 1 " 24 IT (2231) ST 4 ARV 35 30 1405 4 "+ T4 ARV 3530 + (3012) 1403 4 + T2 ARV 3530 + (2231) ARV 3530 + (22a) (3012) 1405 1403 . 1 " 22 min. 1 " 45 n ST ST 4 6 Number' BC 1248 Viscosity 8-12 32.4" 8-*6 41" 9-2 46" 1250 30" 34" '34.4" 12 a 59.4" 45.7" 55.8" 1252 27.2" 28.4" 54.6" (Cont.) 0007-SWP-045082 0007-SWP-000114453 1*1 -9- Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. Number BG 1253 1254 1255 1256 12S5 1266 126? 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 Viscosity 8-11 31.6" 35" 29.8" 32.2" 35" 37.6" 31.4" 31.2" .8-9 37" 40.6" 36" ' 45" 32" 37.4" 33.6" 39.2" 35.6" 42.8" 8-11 28.2" 37.1" 29.8" 35" 8-14 27" 32.2" 58.4" 32.2" 41.8" 36.8" 42" 47.8" 43.6" 47.2" 52.6" 46" 46" 40" r Laboratory batches of Semi-Lustre White, using the special lots of B were also ground out. Both lithopone-titanium calcium and titanium lum-titanium barium pigaentations were used. Included in the series were ^experimental varnishes ARV 5530, a 25 gallon Dehydrol ester gum vehicle 3551, a 25 gallon Dehydrol-oiticica ester gum varnish. Varnish Pigment Sheen (3Q48)E Spec. a 1? If #2 n #3 IT It #4 (S848)E Spec. #1 ti n n n ii #5 tr ARV 3530 " 3531 3530 " 3531 ti #4 2132 - 461 L -- 2188 ft If tl n ft ft n II 1897 - 2132 - 2188 11 n It If n ft n tt M 461 L - 2132 - It It 2188 tt 1897 - 2132 - 2188 It ft ft Uneven - streaky It II tt 11 tt 11 tt It 11 It It ft II Low; slightly streak Uniform - O.R, Low; si. streaking Trifle low 0007-SWP-045083 0007-SWP-000114454 -10- U. VAN LOO Cont. Cont. Number Viscosity F$C' BC 1257 8-12 8-14 8-18 9-2 23" 25" 26.2" 25.6" .1258 28" 29" 30" 30" 1259 35" 40" ' 43" 43:6" wx- 1260 40.2" 42.2" 47,6" 52.8" 1261 17" 17.2" 17" 20* 1262 16.6" 18.2" 20" 19.4" 1263 19.2" 19" 2Q;8" a. 4'! 1264 19" a" 22.2" 22.4" 1275 8-11 34" 37" + 43" 45" 1274 24" 27" 30" 29.2" 1275 24" 26.6" 29.2" 28.8" 1276 21" 19" 20,6" 19.4" ' No definite conclusions could be drawn from these tests with regard insistency as related to the oil used in (3848)E or the hydroxyl value Jie.P.E. in Enameloid, the linseed (5848)E dried slightly harder than fljehydrol (5848)E. Both varieties dried harder than AHV 3550, the Dehydrol arjiim vehicle, even when the latter was treated with drier promoter (2231) LOTjsmall additions of oiticica oil. . One interesting point has arisen with reference to consistency ad using various (3848)E lots. BC 1249 was repeated after about two fusing the same special #1 lot of (3848)e and instead of 32" initial accompanied by good leveling properties, we obtained a viscosity I" and an enamel with poor flow and pronounced brush marking. Since the used was from the same package, the different results obtained could plained by (l) difference in properties of 1403 used in the two batches: difference in humidity at the time batches were made; (3) change in 'ST'tiea of the varnish itself due to ageing. Ib is planned to repeat a number of the other batches to secure ttional data. 0007-SWP-045084 0007-SWP-000114455 -11- ,,3E'jp.62 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. In the Semi-Lustre series, the principal point of interest is the performance of AflV 3551 which gave the best looking paint. During the month, some difficulty was encountered by the'manufactur ing department with Semi-Lustre White using (4880)E vehicle and the 2132 - 132" type pigmentation. Batches came out Very high in consistency with no gloss, laboratory analyses indicated correct proportions of specified ingredients, 4nd laboratory batches using the same lot of (4S30)E gave standard gloss and "correct body. Small amounts of a wetting agent such as (2182) or SP 717 .were effective in reducing the body and raising to some extent, the gloss of Ithe defective factory batch. Apparently poor wetting properties of some vehicles or differences between different lots of pignent cause greater 'flocculation at one time than another, and may be responsible for some of the ''difficulties encountered in the manufacture of Semi-Lustre. Super Enamels All batches of the super enamels have been completed and have been sent to Cleveland for testing. Porch and Deck Paints Panels 8073-B120 F have been exposed 3 months at Florida, 45 south, there are a large number of variations in pigmentation, each of which ia used with a V 11168 - (4880)E Dehydrol ester varnish vehicle versus an ARV 3373 .-linseed eater varnish vehicle. Three phenolic resin varnish specials, includ ing one pre-war regular formula (with chinawood oil) as control, and one more recent regular control formula using P.E.-rosin-linseed-Dehydrol are also tested. The pignent variations include leaded sine-inert, titanium calciuminert, titanium-inert, zinc sulphide-inert and several lithopone formulations. The paint3 -were put out as self-primed work on 8" x 24K yellow pine panels and also over Kromik Primer on steel panels. One rather discouraging factor is the wide variation in original tint, occasioned in part by flooding diffi culties with some of the paints. To summarize results, the Dehydrol ester sables, as a whole, run 'slightly better than linseed ester in durability and appearance. Chalking ranges from very slight to very bad, checking from absent to bad, and fading and dirt collection from slight to very bad. However, cadi pair of tests (linseed versus Dehydrol) requires study, and some reverse the general trend 'and favor the linseed ester varnish, 2174 titanium and 2140 titanium-calcium, .although quite dirty, especially 2140, are probably beat all-around at 3 .months. Leaded zinc, in general, is at a disadvantage because of extreme chalk-mask fading. Lithopone with inert only is reasonably good, but with ' leaded zinc or white lead it shows bad fading and the worst checking of the rseries. Both control formulas are satisfactory, but due to excessive dirt " with the recast type (using 2140-inert) and excessive fading vdth the pre-war type (using leaded zinc-inert), the 2174 special i3 preferable to either. 0007-SWP-045085 0007-SWP-000114456 -12- M. VAN LOO Cont. - Cont. 'c sulphide, with its dark-colored chalking, is quite acceptable for appear'j at the present Stage. The special pbenolics mentioned show up a sharp itraSt betv.'een leaded zinc and 2140; the former looks bad because of excess0" chalk which is tightly held, the latter is also seriously faded but not !e to masking by chalk, which is slight, and has a tightly held film of dirt, '"steel panels parallel the yellow pine in practically all cases. It should %rphwal zed that significant changes may soon occur in some cases, largely ito change in chalking rates. Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Several new wetting agents were given a preliminary evaluation, by jacking in Enaneloid - Rex 710, on the Brabender Plastograph. Proportions Vraw materials in test paste were as followsi m- % 290 pounds 1403 TiOz 1 547 Aluminum Stearate 25 gal. (3848) E Varnish 4.35 lb. of wetting agent {l-l/# of pigment) "suits; - Plastic Viscosity fttihg Agent Manufacturer (Gram-meters) '(control batch) '- 200 Stance, Inc. - 90 4 Dioctyl Pyrophosphate K* Concentrate 205t Moisture in C-162 Victor Chemical Works E. y. Houston and Co. Glyco Products, Inc. 120 100 130 Nonaethylene Glycol - ; Bi Ricincleate n i* it 140 ' Nonaethylene Glycol :V Di Oleato nn 150 - Nonaethylene Glycol Hexaricinoleate 'fax IK it tt E. F. Houston and Co. 150 Extreme flocculation sifier No. 24) B 5221 ) Victor Chemical Tbrks Excessive floccula tion; N. G. 0007-SWP-045086 0007-SWP-000114457 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations for September, 1944 M. VAN LOO {{165 - One Coat House Faint Two additional house tests on One Coat House Paints were completed in Chicago during the month, making a total of seven for the summer in this .locality. Three house tests have been completed at Cleveland, with four others in progress, and three to be started. The details of the Newark tests have not been reported as yet. The two tests completed in Chicago include one white and one tint job. The white test in Palos Heights compares a variation of CH 4697 C 2034 One Coat House Paint using free chalking enatase Ti02, 1403 dry, and a fact ory production batch using all TiQ2 as 2173 dry, rutile Ti02 R 200. A small addition of pine oil was used to improve the brushing of the regular material. The spreading rates were quite similar, both approximately 400 sq. ft. per gallon. The second test, at 12235 Yale Avenue, Chicago, was done using Cream Gray and Warm Drab tints, of CH 4696 C 854 One Coat House Paint Tint Base in one coat application, compared with Rex 450 SWP Undercoater followed by a coat of Rex 485 SWP Warm Drab, and a blend of SWP 360 Cream Gray and 462 Cream, for the respec tive control areas. The brushing was satisfactory although the paint was rather full in consistency. The spreading rates were about .360 sq. ft. per gallon. This test should afford a good test for dirt collection, as there are wide eaves, and dirt collection on the old paint was quite severe. The various one coat house paints used on the test houses 'during the Bummer will also be run as panel tests exposed north and south vertical, at Chicago only. Two formulas similar to CH 4697, the One Coat White, will be included, in which the p.v.c. will be reduced from 34.3% to 52S&, end another using 10 gallons of (48). The so-called Post-War SWP Gloss White Cfi 5051 will also be included. #150 - Durabi lity Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations The studies of the behavior of mica described in the July report have been expanded to include Thompson Weinman's AA mica. These tests include Family Paint Rex 300, a 15/50/35 TiOg/leaded zinc/magnesium silicate paint at 34% p.v.c., and One Coat House Paint, using Pre-War India WetGround Mica, Triple A mica, and Alsibronz #19. Panels 8600-12 have been prepared for exposure at Chicago and Coffeyville. #97 - SWP 471 Increased pressure on the panel painting program has permitted the completion of some 3exies that have been delayed due to the accumulation of exposure paints. The sets include the following: 0007-SWP-0450B7 . E^i. -ir- M. VAN LOO Cont. Barn Red - Cont. the same vehicle with a special pigmentation based on asbestine with 134 dry Venetian Red as the only opaque pigment. Petropon oil showed up very poorly, especially in adhesion to yellow pine wood; in both formulas there was serious .cracking and peeling as early as 4 months, and the panels were nearly bare at 15 months. On cedar, both were better, but showed serious fading, checking and cracking. The special pigmentation seemed somewhat better with Petropon than the regular. ;*#8S - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead________________ A special examination was made of a portion of the large lead-ainc Exposure series to study the relative durabilities of co-fumed leaded zincs ('compared with mechanical blends of lead sulphate or carbonate with acicular ^zinc oxides. Exposures are out at Chicago, Coffeyville, and Florida. The Florida panels at 40 months are most advanced. The guide for fe-the white series is the formula for Rex 471 SVtP doss White of 1-4-40, with of 35/65 co-fumed leaded zinc, 412 dry. The guides show some very local ized cracks but in general are in very good condition. Mechanical blerids of I'acicular zinc oxide ZZZ-33 show slight checking and considerable cracking t'with 9 dry, basic lead sulphate, very bad checking and cracking with National flead's acicular basic lead sulphate, and bad checking and cracking with basic glead carbonate. ZZZ-11 shows the same failure with carbonate. New Jer3ey rZinc's acicular zinc oxide XX-601 shows very bad failure blended with 9 dry. J'412 dry co-fumed leaded zinc with basic carbonate shows no failure, but has ^considerable checking and slight cracking when National's acicular lead, sul phate is used for the lead pigment portion. The guide for tints is Rex 375 SIC Colonial fellow, formula of &1-5-40, Tthich carried the equivalence of 46jt 55/65 leaded zinc. As usual |the degree of failure of the tints is less than on the whites, but the preference still is definitely for the co-ftmed leaded zincs. Die guide jareas are in very good condition, with cracking evident only in a few iso lated spots. The fading is less than considerable and general appearance `good. A mechanical bleed of acicular zinc oxide ZZZ-33 and basic carbonate white lead shows less than considerable fading, no checking or cranking, pith 9 dry-, basic lead sulphate it shows slight fading, and slight checking ' iwhile with, acicular basic lead sulphate it shows slight fading, considerable checking, and slight cracking; ZZZ-11 with lead carbonate slight checking and cracking; while ZZZ-22 show3 considerable checking and cracking in the same combination. 412 dry and lead carbonate show no checking or cracking. #164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paint-.a to Reduce Dirt Collection Family Paint Itoite Rex 300 has been revised to replace 2140 dry Titanox RC with 2132 dry Titanox RC RT to increase chalk and to reduce dirt collection. Exposures indicate that even 2132 dry does not chalk: enough to ensure the best appearance. Therefore, paints have been prepared for exposure comparing variations of Rex 300 with, all the extended titanium 0007-SWP-045088 0007-SWP-000114459 1. 1,1. VAN LOO Pont, mS- Cont. Bnaceloid Black Fresh Drying Aged 50 Pays OJ 000 H OJ 901 ii OJ 902 H OJ 90S E OJ 90S Ii Set at 2 hr. 40 min. ii ii ii ii Set at 5 hr. 45 min. Not set at 7 hr. Set at 6 hr. 20 min. Set at 5 hr. 25 min. Set at 6 hr. 45 min. Hie rapid loss of drying pi-operties is apparent throughout this entire series. So far Huact is not showing any marked advantage over lith arge. Storage tests are being continued. g(fl77 - Pigment Studies Coffeyville has submitted a saaple of 414 off-grade pigment for ^valuation. This material was blended with standard 511 dry in proportions |io make a 55/65 Leaded Zinc Oxide. Since color was the chief concern, paints rerc made substituting this blend for the regular 412 dry normally contained tin the Rex 450 SYS? ffndercoater and in the Rex 496 SWP Cream tint base. From the standpoint of color this blend of off-grade 414 and 511 dry was entirely acceptable. This, of course, should be qualified to the degree that succeeding production will have to equal the submitted off-grade fsamples. It was noted that the off-grade material submitted was high in confaistency and oil absorption. Coffeyville has given assurance that regular [production of this blend will be standard for oil absorption and consistency characteristics, and color equal to the samples submitted. *#77 - Mildew Inhibitors Panels 8647-58 C, F were prepared for exposure to determines the |paintaaility of siding impregnated ydth chromated zinc chloride to impart {fungus resistance .and some degree of fire resistance. Previous reports have ^mentioned that a set of cedar exposure panels were treated by the Food PreTserving Division of the Rappers Company for this purpose. Hie paint systems Jutsed were: Itadercoater Top Coat Rex 450 ii .n *11 SWP Undercoater n ti Rex 17 Lead-in-Oil NJZ Cryptone US-150 Primer Rex 471 SWP Gloss White CH 5051 Post-War SWP Glos3 White CH 4697 One Coat House Faint OJ 643 H Alkyd House Paint Rex 17 Lead-in-Oil (2 coats) HJZ Cryptone MS-130 Top Coat 0007-SWP-045089 0007-SWP-000114460 6- - 11. VAN LOO Coat. - Cont. These systems are exposed on both untreated and treated panels, . tot11 in Chicago and at Miami. The treated panels have, a raised-grain appear- ice and some have warped. They are dark colored, similar to olive drab. Additions have been made to the latest series evaluating fungicides jfr house paints by adding mica to the formulations carrying tetrachlorphenol. was thought that mica may help to counteract the checking tendencies found iu the mildew resistant paints treated with tetrachlorphenol. Mica was also Redded to the paints treated with phenyl mercury naphthenate, although no ^checking has been encountered with this formula so far. ffc - Studies in Flat 7&11 Paint Formulation fe; Flat Wall Paints j=.. Odor tests were run on a sample of "Ridsmel" offered by Holley Khemical Company of New York, using Flat-Tone Itiite. It was found to impart rather sweet odor during the drying period but it did not mask the odor of he paint any more than other perfumes and deodorizing agents which have ieen tested in this department . During the month AZ Elat, offered by R.B.H. Dispersions, Inc. was [Tested in the proposed super one coat flat wall paint. As high, as 20 pounds gof AZ Flat per 100 gallons of paint were introduced without any particular ^degree of flatness resulting. In further work to achieve a low sheen flat we tried the recom mendation. of the suppliers of Lesamite, and stirred it in rather than grindi ng. It was added as a replacement for the Gelite-asbestine combination on he basis of oil requirements, which permits the addition of a substantial H of this low oil absorption extender. The sheen was still higher than it of the Celite-asbestine blend, and the 6ilking tendencies were less, srobably because of the higher sheen. Kith the thought that sufficient after-flow would upset the orienta tion of diatomaceous silica along the brush marks and uniform the sheen, Mr. *" Isy1 s suggestion was followed to introduce some (324) for a portion of ie solids of (3880) E. However, this did not increase the flow or the uni form! ty of sheen. Work continues. A special test wa3 made substituting blown fish oil (2387) for plown linseed in the Hat-Tone formula of 2-15-34. This does not produce satisfactory paint, and odor characteristics compare unfavorably with the itrent formulations. During the month two additional competitive oil flat wall paints Jj^ste examined, because of rather wide claims for usage over all types of Surfaces, including those where we normally; recommend Kem-Tone. The tests be summarized as follows: 0007--SWP-0 45090 0007-SWP-000114461 -4- M. VAN LOO Cont, #12 - Cent. Aluminum Pt. - Serious dark "show through." Very slightly less Rex 471. wood checking than Rex 450 - 471. Me tale ad Rex 471. Bad "show through." Very bad wood checking. Three Coat Systems Rex 450-471-471. Very good. Very slight wood checking. Lead-in-Oil 471-471. Similar but darker cast and slightly more wood checking. Aluminum Paint - Probably best panel of all, but still slight 471-471. "show through." Metalead 471-471. Still poor, bad "show through? *>d rood checking. Chicago panels 5282-91 C on 1' x 5' Douglas Fir plywood, com pare SWP 450 Undercoater with CH 3285 Prefab Primer, both as single coats and with a top coat of SKP Gloss White, Rex 471. While the undercoaters v were not designed for direct exposure to the weather, it is interesting to note that CH 3285 shows less erosion at 30 months' exposure, and better protection of the wood than Rex 450. In a special study of speed of recoat of the fast drying CH 3285 Prefab Primer in this series, SWP Gloss White applied over CH 3285 after only 1/2 hour drying is performing better than after'the primer has dried for 4 hours, with 1 and 2 hours1 drying intermediateHowever, perform ance is. still satisfactory up to the end of the test series, 72 hours, and the latter CH 3285-471 panel is still superior to a two coat Rex 450 471 system There the 450 was also given 72 hours' drying. Considering the low degree of paintability of Douglas Fir, either CH 5285 - STS' top coat, or Rex 450 Undercoater - SWP top coat appear to be suitable for exterior painting of plywood. #86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead___ The large lead-zinc 3eries have been called in from Chicago, Coffeyville, and Florida to be reviewed by Messrs. Chapin and Adams. When the readings have bean completed, a summary of the further progress of these exposures will be distributed. 0007-SWP-045091 0007-SWP-000114462 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont. #86 --Cont. .A brief inspection was made of Chicago and Coffeyville exposures of house paints containing 414 Leaded Zinc manufactured in the first pro duction run at Chicago in 1941. After 2-1/Z to 5 years of exposure 414 dry appears to have the good durability which characterizes co-fumed leaded zincs such as 412 and 1526, Exposures 4656-65 C and Cof. were examined after exposure for 46 months at Chicago and Coffeyville, vertical south. This series compares co-fumed leaded zincs and mechanical blends in the SWP Gloss White formula Of 1-4-40. All co-fumed leaded zincs were better than any mechanical mix tures in the series. .Regular 412 dry was superior to CPP-1061, a special 412 processed to eliminate "fines," tut this in turn was better than another Coffeyville special PRLK-5633. In the mechanical blends with 9 dry basic lead sulphate, Hew Jersey's large particle size zinc oxide XX-503, the acicular ZZZ-33, and Azo-55 appeared the best, with bad ' cracking, while Hew JerseyJs acicular zinc oxide was definitely the worst. Hew Jersey's XX-50, XX-592, and Florence Red Seal-9 were intermediate. #177 - Pigment Studies 414 Leaded Zinc . . Coffeyville.has begun production on the. "off-grade" 414 Leaded Zinc mentioned in the last report. The term "off-grade'' is actually a misnomer, having been assigned when it was found that the fume did not meet chemical assay specifications for white 414. Since that classifica tion it has been learned that almost aa suitable a material may be made from this "off-grade" fume as from specification fume by a shift in pro duction technique. Coffeyville is supplying 414 be the various factories in combina tion with a special 511 dry so composed that a pound for pound blend of the two approximates the composition of a 35/65 leaded zinc oxide. The Chicago factory and the Martin-Senour factory both report good results using the first cars of the blend of 414 and 511 special. Grinding time is improved over the use of straight 414, and apparently the 511 has cushioned somewhat the abrasive nature of the 414 pigment. Chicago has run one 1800 gall on batch using this "off-grade" 414 straight to learn if there is real improvement in the texture due to the change in production technique mentioned above. Results of this trial are definitely negative. Therefore, the improved performance of the first lot3 of '414/511 mixture may be attributed only to the dilution and cushion ing effect of the 511 dry. (Subsequent receipts have not equalled the earlier shipments.) 0007-SWP-045092 0007-SWP-000114463 6- - M. VAN LOO Gout. #148 - Examination of White Lead Precipitated. White Lead The White Lead Department has undertaken the manufacture of a precipitated basic carbonate white lead 1051 dry along the lines of a similar product manufactured some time ago. One sample'has been received and tested in comparison with our own and competitive Carter process leads as well as competitive precipitated leads. Opacity relationships in terms of sq. ft. per lb. of pigment at a contrast ratio of 9356 are as listed; 18 dry Carter White Lead, composite 1944 National HTS Carter lead National 111 Precipitated Lead National 333 " " 1031 dry, sample of 9-29-44 27 sq. ft./lb. 29 " " 35 " " 35 " 43 n From the above it is evident that high opacity has been achieved in the manufacture of 1031 dry. Unfortunately, high opacity lead carbon)ates have always had high consistency characteristics as an associated property, This is true of competitive precipitated leads as well as those of our own manufacture. It is possible that at some future date improvements may be made in the precipitated leads so that the high con sistency and high opacity properties may be separated. For the time being it will be necessary to compromise opacity and oil absorption. Pigaenting Hex 450 SWP Undercoater on a strict opacity equival ence the following comparison appears. The lead pigment used represents the only variable between the paints. Opacity Equivalent Lead Pigment Pounds Consistency Used #3 S-W Cun *0il Requirement: 18 dry Carter White Lead 426 15.5" 183.55? 1031 w 1031 ' Precipitated Lead, no volume make-up'. I Precipitated Lead, 20 L volume make-up. 262 262 22.3" 52.8" 193.65# 211il5# *Total oil in Hex 450 formula - 334.7# 0007-SWP-045093 0007-SWP-000114464 -7- M. VAN LOO COKt #140 - Cont. A partial explanation of the consistency difference shown above is one based on the oil requirements of the pigments used. By measuring the oil absorption of the pigment constituents by the spatula method the oil requirements of the composite Rex 450 pigmentation were calculated. It will be recognised that other factors in addition to oil requirement are responsible for the high consistency exhibited by the precipitated lead paints. Panel paint-outs show low gloss and excessive brush marking on the paints made with 1031 dry even when thinned with mineral spirits to a viscosity comparable with the paint made using regular Carter process lead. Work on the development of this pigment is continuing, #77 - Mildew Inhibitors Mr. Jagd made an inspection trip in the vicinity of Lafayette, Louisiana, examining houses painted with the SWP Mildew Resistant Treated .system of Rexes' 63056 - 63057. The age of the paint jobs ranged from as old as 3-1/2 years to as recent as 6 months. In general, all the houses painted' with Rex 63056 and Rex 63057 are very white in appearance and are free from mildew, except in a few severe isolated qpots where, dampness is present during the day, due to shade, shrubbery, etc.' Other houses painted with ordinary paints may become black under similar circumstances. Recent complaints on the brushing qualities and the color of the freshly applied paints have been entirely eliminated by the last revision. The only objection to the present formulas is the tendency toward checking introduced by the substantial amounts (-3/S by weight of the paint) of tetrachlorphenol required to afford adequate protection. Panel tests which had shown this tendency were confirmed by the houses examined, which show microscopic checking during the second and third years of closure. These defects will probably become visible to the eye in the fourth or fifth years. Panel tests have indicated that phenyl mercuric oleate will afford fungicidal protection without the effects on color or durability shown by tetrachlorphenol. Phenyl mercuric naphthenate is said to be even more effective. Arrangements are being made to run hou6e tests at Lafayette. #162 -- Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Some study was given to the idea of eliminating the grinding operation in flat wall paint manufacture, through vigorous mixing of readily dispersible pignnt3. The first batches were made by placing 0007-SWP-045094 0007-SWP-000114465 -0- K. VAN LOO Cont #162 - Cont. the entire formula in the laboratory size fled Devil Paint Conditioner and shaking. However, it was evident that proper selection of pigments and extenders and mixing in a heavy consistency showed more promise. Micronized titanium calcium. flCHT-X was used for the opaque pigment, and Lesamite and 1939 Mi crone Talc were used as the extenders. The above pigments in the Hat-Tone vehicle (3880)E, to give a heavy paste, were mixed for 30 minutes in the Day Mixer, and then gradually reduced with the balance of the vehicle. The flat wall paints made by this procedure were smooth and fine in texture, and such properties as brushing, flow, and sheen were quite similar to regular production. This merits further study. A sample of Aluminum Flake No. 5 was received from the Aluminum Flake Company, and compared with 20 F, magnesium silicate, in Paintercraft Flat #10, flex 65310, for color, brushing, and flow. This sample was again quite gray.in color, similar to their previous sample, so no further tests will be run unless the manufacturer can improve the color. In other respects, such as brushing and flow, it is similar to 20 F. #182 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices No varnish has yet been selected for an extensive study of wetting agents, and therefore the.work on this subject deviated temporarily into a study of the factors that affect the wetting and grinding properties of varnishes.- ' The first approach was to study the grinding characteristics of varnishes of various types. Using elkyd and oleoresinous vehicles a series of mill pastes was made at similar viscosities. It was found in these tests that a unit quantity of pigment was put through the laboratory roller mill in unit time even thouga in some cases the proportion, pigment to vehicle, was quite different from others. This work is being reported at an incomplete stage, and therefore conclusions are withheld pending further work. One series is reported as representative of the above outlined comparative tests. Paint No. Vehicle Gals. Varnish in Pastes- Mill Base Plasticity Meter-eram units Mill time RB 636 (3848)E 24 135 637 (4C50)N 20 125 638 (/SCI) 25 115 *AH bases con coin 230 pounds 1403 dry and 1 pound 547 dry. 20 19' 19' 20" 0007-SWP-045095 0007-SWP-000114466 -4- i'. vjyst l o o Cont. ft8o - Cont. Chicago, Coffeyville and Florida exposures, show only moderate changes beyond those reported previously. A routine report will be written on the progress of these panels, A number of smaller series, testing similar pigment variations, will be covered in a similar manner, and all panels are to continue on exposure. Mr. Adam3 is writing a special report on panels 4634-55 C, Cof., which showed some interesting results on SWP vs. Devoe's white and tints, with Devoe's and S-W white lead, and 412 and Azo 35 M leaded zincs as the essential variations. Panels 7186-9 C, F. were reported after 15 months' exposure at Chicago and Florida, respectively, vertical south. These are 3-coat selfprimed work comparing S-W Rex 17, Dutch Boy, and Eagle Old Dutch Soft Paste White Leads, with Rex 471 SIP Gloss White over two coats of Rex 450 Undercoater as guide. All the lead-in-oil samples are inferior to Rex 471 in dirt and general appearance. Rex 17, however, is starting to clean up; Dutch Boy yrin. probably start to dean sooner than Eagle, which has a low chalk rub-off^ Rex 17 is also slightly less heavily alligatored than the others. #148 -- Examination of White Lead Precipitated White Lead- The chief interest in precipitated lead carbonate is in its use in 5WP 450 Undercoater. Until more is known of its exposure qualities, it will not be used in large quantities in top coat formulations. How- . ever, Martin-Senour has formulated satisfactory Monarch White and tint base introducing half of the carbonate as 1031 dry, S-W precipitated lead. Work on Rex 450 has' been directed toward utilizing the high opa city-or this type of lead carbonate to reduce the cost. Best success to date has been achieved substituting l/3 to 1/2 of the lead carbonate norm ally contained in the 450 formula. When 1051 is substituted on the basis of opacity for half the 18 dry opacity, the test paint apparently is equal to the' standard in every'detail. Work will continue using a 50/50 combina tion of 1031 dry and J.8 dry to replace the 18 dry in the original formula, on the basis of opacity. Savings of. 6/ to 8/ a gallon seem possible. #178 - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints The tests on Nuodex Huact as on aid for drier retention have now been under way for three months. Viscosity and drying data up to 90 days are as follows: 0007-SWP-045096 0007-SWP-000114467 '' 'iSSF'-'K. -7- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Pigment Studies 414 Leaded Zinc In the report for October it was indicated that plant experience at Chicago using the 414/511 mixture was not holding up to the excellent easy grinding performance experienced with the first lots received. This trend continued through the month of November to the point that performance was no better than when using 414 alone. An analysis of the difficulty has indicated that the 414 dry was the constituent responsible, being excess ively coarse in texture. Some bags had a 325 residue in excess of During the month additional experimental pulverizing trials on. 414 have been evaluated with the following results and conclusions. The tests were run, as outlined in the table belov/. The samples werej No. Descriotion ARL-2458 412 dry. (from stock bag) AKL-2459 414 dry, regular material (proposed standard submitted by Coffeyvllle), ARL-2460 ARL-2461 414 dry, Raymond R5 milled (submitted by Tf. S. Stevens).'. ...* 414 dry, Mikro atomizer milled (Pulverizer " ? ..... Machinery Company, submitted by R. A, 'Thomas) ARL-2462 414 dry, micronf-zed in air (International " Pulverizer Company, submitted by C, E. Deeds) .Vy/':. AHL-2464 414 dry, micron!zed in steam (International L;/1//'. Pulverizer Company, submitted by C. E. Deeds),. : ,/ : ''. Laboratory Test Results '.V-. Samole 325 Mesh Residue So atula Rub-uc Texture Color Fineness Paint Trials Color Viscosity yt./cg ARL-2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2464 _ 0.5556 Itace ii n if No grits V. gritty Small grits No grits Med. gritty No grits OK If* i>* "* n* ii* 2P 5-3/4 2M'2-1/2 a> 3-1/2 2P 3-1/4 a? 3-V4 s 3-3/4 Std. II 51 II It II 25" 24.4" 29" 27,8" 26,8" 15.62? ''15.59 15,67 15.65 . 15,63 . 15,60 There are differences in the color of the various experimentally ground 414 pigments, but these are snail and color drop is not serious. 0007-SWP-045097 0007-SWP-000114468 -11- M. VAN LOO Pont, fi-13p - gont. Acme Interior Gloss - FL 26 Base for Tints (2347) S varnishes subnitted for test: Composition Body: Color ARV 3606 Regular 2603, (2518) and (2325) D-E 4-5L ARV 3626 Fentalyn A and (2325) C-D 4L-4 I ARV 3627 Pentalyn A, Fumaric, (2327) C-D 5L The special (2847)S varnishes were compared for performance in. Acme Interior Gloss FL 26, formula of 6-,30-44. All paints, including the regular , were low in viscosity as compared with the standard viscosity reading of 27 to 32 seconds, #3 orifice, Ihe ARV 3626 and ARV 3606 were similar in brushing, flow and drying; ARV 3j327 was too high in flow without making some revision in the pigmentation. Pa in tarcraft Flat Wall Paint #10 A sample of Blown (186), 14 minute body, was introduced into Paintercraft flat Wall #10 as a replacement for the oil content of (3800), with the resin content introduced as (lltj7). This replacement was not satisfactory due to poor washability, low viscosity, and poor flow. #182 - Study of Unproved Mixing and Grinding Practices The wetting effect of vehicles has been the subject of consider able work during the past month, head as a "cooked in" stabilizer has been compared with lead added to the varnish as naphthenate or tallate driers. Laboratory varnishes were made for this test by the Varnish Res earch Division, ARV 3613 - unstabilised (3850)H, and ARV 3614 stabilised (?85G)'I. Plastograph to see have shown that the "cooked in" lead has a definite wetting action, whereas the added driers do not have this action. A second effect of the "cooked in" lead is that it seems to make the var nish more susceptible to the action of watting and dispersion agents, fr. the tests it was found that by titrating a mill paste with wetting agent, fj-CcculatioD of the paste actually occurred with small amounts of the agent, if ihs paste were made with unstabilised varnish. On the other h-vid.. using stabilised varnish the reduction in paste consistency is pro portional. -a the addition of wetting agent. . 0007-SWP-045098 0007-SWP-000114469 M. VAN LOO Cor.t. fr'102 -- Coni. For illustration of this work, note the paste plasticity values in the table below. This e.-gperiirent was made using 1403 T as the standard pigment in all tests. Varhish-pigraents quantities were standard, the' variables being as indicated, the varnish used and the addition agent. Base formula: 290 pounds 1403 T 3 " 547 3 gallons varnish Varnish Addition Agent ARV 3G13 - ARV 5614 ARV 3613 l/l# Pb a3 (4090) ARV 3613 l/Z$ Pb as (2213) Paste Viscosity l/g% . 1%* 1-1/i%* 30' rax 35' 40' 45' 50' 120 floccu 110 100 50 lated 42 100 95 60 40 32 120 H5 85 50 40 1 125 130 75 45 40 AAV 3613 4# (2270)' - Lecithin 125 60 .40 35 35 ARV 3614 4* " 11 60 . . 35 ,30 28 25 Wetting agent used for test is Star.co SP 717. This jaaterial was added at the indicated points and allowed to nix five minutes before making the next reading. The percentages, of wetting agents used are based upon the pigment weights. Extending the study of the effects of stabilized versus unstabil ized varnish into paints and mill production rates we have made intro ductory tests of mill production which indicate that although the mill rate is not strictly proportional to the paste'Viscosity, considerable economies in grinding may be accomplished. This work has not advanced to the point of presenting actual figures but these should be available in the near future. " A second phase of this test is a series to ascertain the effect on stability and can condition using stabilized and unstabilized varnishes, as well as various wetting and dispersing agents. The observation regard ing viscosity at 5 weeks' age is that the wetting agent SP 717 causes a 0007-SWP-O45099 0007-SWP-000114470 -9- M, VAN LOO Cont, #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Utilization of Fish Oil in Flat-Tone. Semi-Lustre, etc, . Additional varnishes, representing further variations of 0800) E varnish using fish oil, have been evaluated in Flat-Tone and Semi-Lustre,' ' The following varnishes were submitted by the Varnish Research Division, and tested in the Flat-Tone flhite formula of 2-28-44 and the Semi-Lustre White formula of 9-5-44: : Varnish ( 5880)2 Type Oil Used Body Color ARV 3622 - 2 l/2 (320) Bodied Linseed . l/2 Thermoil A L-M ' 6+ ARV 3622 - 3 l/2 ( 320) Bodied Linseed 1/2 Thermoil A P-Q 6L ARV 3647 - 2 .1/2 ( 2325) Dehydrol 1/2 Thermoil A P-Q 6 L ARV' 5654 1/2 ( 2525) Dehydrol 1/4 Thermoil A 1/4 (2317) Bodied Fish H 6 ARV 3655 1/3 (2325) Dehydrol l/3 Thermoil A 1/3 (2317) Bodied Fish N 6 ARV 3656 l/2 Thermoil A 1/2 (2317). Bodied Fish I 8L The following variations of (4880)E varnish were also tested in Semi-Lustre White: Varnish Oil Used Body Color ARV ,3638 Unbodied TV 2819 Dehydrated castor E 4L AAV 3637 Bodied TV 2819 " " F 4 - 5 L AAV 5611 Linseed D-E 7 L The results to date indicate AAV 3622-2 is satisfactory in FlatTone and Semi-Lustre except for body characteristics. This work indicated that a higher bodied varnish such as AAV 3622-3 was necessary to reproduco the consistencies obtained with regular (3880) Dehydrol varnish. Based on our tests, ARV 3622-3 was developed, similar in composition but cooked to a 0007-SWP-045100 0007-SWP-000114471 '*** ** JJJ JJ. -10- -', *' #162 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. P - Q body. This varnish was satisfactory in both Flat-Tone and Semi-Lustre for body, brushing and drying. A slight drop in brightness, however, was evident in both formulas due to the darker color of the varnish. The sample of ARV 3647-2 made with half (2523) Dehydrol and half Thermoil A was found to be similar to ARV 3622-3 in all respects. Based on our tests, tliis varnish had slightly better washability and slightly more sheen than the linseed variation above; All laboratory batches of SemiLustre, however, have been low in sheen regardless of the varnish used. Laboratory batches of regular Semi-Lustre have also been low in sheen, similar to .the ejperimentals. The introduction of blown fish oil (2310)F for (48) bodied lin seed in conjunction with ARV 3622-5 and 3647-2, appears to be quite satis factory for Semi-Lustre. Previous tests indicate that blown (25LQ)F is more desirable than (2317) Heat Bodied Fish. The special ARV varnishes 3654, 3655 and 3656 made with higher percentages of fish have been found to be poorer in performance than the SCjo replacement varnishes referred to above. In general the performance of these varnishes is in line with previous experience, - the higher the amount of fish oil, the poorer the performance;1 ARV 3655 and 3656 produced low viscosities, and 3656 was also poor in color; The two special (4880)E varnishes ARV 3638 and 3657 made with Cook's dehydrated castor were similar in sheen,' body and drying to standard (4860)E. ' The ARV 3611 produced too low a viscosity to bo satisfactory for Semi-Lustre, Enameloid Write - Rex 710 * A fumaric varnish, ARV 3652-3, was also tested and compared with (4850)N in the above rex. The enamel made with the special varnish had bet ter brushing and color than (480)N but was not quite equal in drying to tho regular material; Enameloid White made with this material was also low in body. The lower consistency produced a more free brushing enamel. Trade Sales Products A number of du Pont'Jbaiaels and Wall Paints were evaluated i \ com parison wlvpi fi-'g Enameloid, Semi-Lustre, Interior GI033 and Paintercraf; Sr.amel #33, Tha da Pont pi-oducts appear weak on the hot water and 1% s.;rp sclulior. busts. Enameioid White was quite good on all tests, but was rathe:; big-1, in Comparisons follow; 0007-SWP-045101 0007-SWP-000114472 Test Brushing Flow Color OJ 334 I Interior Gloss Rex 26450 Formula 1-10-44 Good High Standard Hiding Drying Sheen or gloss Viscosity #3 orifice Weight per Gallon Cold Water Whiten ing after 24 hows Recovery: In 1 hr. In 24 hrs. Print test after 48 hours. 1# per .sq* in. for 24 hours. . Ixmediate whitening resulting from 1J& soap solution for 2 hours. (Panel dried 5 days.) Recovery after 2 hrs. Boiling water 5 min. Not equal to du Pont's Interior Gloss, but stand ard for Rex 26450. Set-to-touch: 1 hr. 40 min. through dry (over night): rather soft. Good *51.8" . 13.05# Slight to definite Sligit 9# Very slight Definite No recovery Very, very slight whitening. duPont Interior Gloss - P 77248 Slightly too sticky. Very good - OK.. Highly hlued not as bright as Rex 26639. subtly higher than Rex 26450. Set-to-touch: 1 hr. 30 min, through dry 24 hours: good. Good 40" 11.5# Sligit to definite Slight 9$ saigit Bad No recovery Definite whitening. 0007-SWP-045102 0007-SWP-000114473 Test Brushing Flow Color Hiding S-Tf Seni-Lustre Rex 16270 - C 2924 Good OK Standard Rather low. Drying Set-to-touch: k. hr. 15 min. through dry 24 hour3. good. Sheen or gloss Good eggshell Viscosity #5 orifice 23" Weight per Gallon 12.33# Cold Water Whiten ing after 24 hrs. Slight to definite Recovery: In 1 hr. In 24 hrs. Slight 50* Print test after 48 hours. 1# per sq. in. for 24 hours. No print Immediate whi tening resulting from l soap solution for 2 hours. (Panel dried 5 days.) Definite Recovery after 2 hrs. No recovery Boiling water 3 min. Very, very slight ifaitening. du Pont Interior ' Semi-Gloss P772SL' Slightly too sticky. Good . . Similar to flex 16270' Considerably higher than Rex 16270. Set-to-touch: 2 hr. 5 min. - through dry 24 hours: good. Good eggshell 26" 10.93# Definite to had No recovery No recovery No print Very had No recovery Definite whitening. 0007-SWP-045103 0007-SWP-000114474 -15- Test Paintercraft One Coat War Emergency Dulux Enameloid White Enamel No. 39 Super White Enamel Rex 710 - C 3404 Rex 26639 - C 2504 B Gloss - P 75037 Brushing OR Very good Similar to Enameloid Flow SI. too high Standard - OK Very good - OS Color Standard Good Def. overtinted with a violet cast, Hiding Lon as cospared with du Pont Super White. Satisfactory Very good Drying Set-to-touch: 2 hr. 55 min. through dry 24 hours: fair to good. Set-to-touch: 65 minutes through dry: not very good. Set-to-touch: 3 hr. 25 min. through dry 24 hours: fair to good. Sheen or gloss Hi^i gloss Very low (sub-atd.) High gloss Viscosity #3 orifice 47" 73" ,, 32" Weight per gallon 9.51# 10.71# 10.50# Cold Water Whiten ing after 24 hrs. Very slight Definite Definite Recovery: . In 1 hr. In 24 hrs. Complete n No recovery . it No recovery it it Print test after 48 hours. 1# per sq. in. for 24 hours Very alight No print Slight Immediate whitening resulting from l soap solution for 2 hours. (Panel dried 5 days.) SLi^it Bad Definite Recovery after 2 hours Ho recovery No recovery No recovery Bolling water 3 min. Very slight whitening. Bad whitening Very bad whitening. 0007-SWP-045104 0007-SWP-000114475 -S- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Pigment Studies Coffeyville has submitted tiro samples of lithopone, namely r 4147 and R 4148, which they feel represent an improvement in texture over the normal lithopones 461 L and 481 S which they have supplied. These were tested in both Semi-Lustre jand in Enameloid White, but the results were not very conclusive, probably due to the fact that both of these formulas carry other pigments as major constituents of the paints. Plant production tests are under way to check the milling pro perties of these special pigments. It was found that- lithopone 461 L, lot C 2014 gave a body of 112" in Enameloid after 6 days' aging as com pared with 50" or lower for other lithopones in tho series. Initial vis cosities were in the neighborhood of 40" except for the paint using 461 L lot C 2014, vhich ran 56". A study is under way to ascertain the char acteristic responsible for this reactivity. #148 - Examination of White Lead Suitable application, viscosity, and dry film characteristics were attained substituting Precipitated White Lead 1031 dry for the entire lead carbonate content of SWP Undercoater - Rex .450, card 20, as shown in the report for December as Formula B, page 6 of the report. Brushing,, flow and viscosity wore adjusted by reducing the 1552 dry Celite content by 30 pounds and adjusting the volume with asbestine - 20 dry. Vehicle is as the standard card, .which uses 18 dry Q. P. White Lead for- the lead carbonate constituent. , A sample of Precipitated White Lead - National 111 was obtained recently from Devoe and Raynolds Company. Ibis was taken from one of their regular shipments. The characteristics of this material were found to be: tinting strength - 175, oil absorption - 19.0. Teat batches were made on a formula 50/50 18 dry Q. P. White Lead and Precipitated White Lead as formula A in the December report. National 111 made an acceptable product but it was noted that the. paint v;as slightly more puffy and brush marked more noticeably than did a similar one made with our own precipi tated lead, -1031 dry. Therefore the two pignents should not be used inter changeably without due caution. #12 - Exterior Primers A number of formulas were developed for Rex 450 SVf Undercoater to reduce the basic lead carbonate content to approximately 1.1 pounds per gallon. However, since production of Rex 450 is not possible under exs st ing circumstances,-those formulas have been fil-id for reference. The experimental hutches will be placed on exposure, however, including SW? CUoss White salf-primed, 30 that the information would be available shculd this situation recur. 0007-SWP-045105 i 0007-SWP-000114476 8- - H. VAl'I LOO Cont //182 - Cont. Prom ihi3 group the following agents have been selected as meriting further work. Actual grinding trials, storage, end perform ance tests will be made. Per Cent Based on Wane Manufacturer Pisnent bv Wcifir OP 717 a> 302 Di Octyl Acid Pyrophosphate. fiusfal Concentrate Eurfax Til Tergitol Penetrant #4 ,, ii . jf7 Nop co #1471 . Yelkin T.S.S. Santomerce D #123 AM-1160 AMAC-1120 AM-11B0-B . AMAC-11404 Stanco, Inc. ti it Victor Chemical Work3 K. P. Houston end Co. If U tt Carbide and Carbon Cham. Co. nn * National Oil Products Co. American Lecithin Co. Monsanto Chemical Co. It > H Armour and Co. I*` If n it rt n 1 .# 1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 1.5 2,0 1.5 1.5 ' 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 - 2.5?5 #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation flat-Tone White Work has been under way to reduce the cost of milling end manu facture of Flat-tone - Hex 15185. Laboratory and factory batches have . been mad.e, using rutile titanium calcium RCflt-X, ea3y mix type, and Lesamite or 1939 dry Microne Talc as inerts, by mixing a heavy paste for a period of 15 to 30 minutes. The paste is not milled but reduced in tho ' usual manner. Based on these te3ts it is quite evident that flat wall. paint can be made without grinding if a proper selection of easy wetting pigments and inerts i3 used. . Paintercraft Paste Paint Work on the development of a semi-paste paint for the Paintercraft line was started during the month. Dii3 product will be formulated so that it may be reduced for use as a flat, stipple, semi-gLoss, enamel undercoater, or Wall Primer and Sealer. At the present time we are working with a formulation based on rutile titanium calcium and titanium dioxide, with Celito #281 uo the , inert. The pi-ip.cipal vehicle constituents are the usual (5080) E and OW 1996 - Linogel. 0007-SWP-045106 0007-SWP-000114477 -9- M. VAN 100 Cont. #162 - Copt. Up to the present time we have not obtained a satisfactory semi gloss -sheen when the paste is reduced with a mixing varnish. A number of reducing vehicles have been used such as the varnish (3848)E, ester gum vehicle (1157), Linogel CTJ 1996, and ARV 3664 - 25 gallon Oiticica Rosin Varnish. Work is to be continued. Utilization of Fish Oil in Flab-Tone, Semi-Lustre and Enameloid In line with the utilization of fish oil for trade sales pro ducts, we have investigated a number of varnishes submitted for test by the Varnish Research division. Hie various varnishes tested during the month, along with their characteristics. are as follows: Varnish Iv d is Teat Formula Body Color ARV 3660 ARV 3667 (3848) E Rex 710 D-E Enameloid White Rex 16270 Semi-Lustre White n n 'E . 6 100 Fish Oil 4 L 5C# Fish Oil 5C# Linseed Oil ARV 3678 Blown Rex 711 -E . (5850)11 Enameloid Ivory 7 L Kettle Dehydrated Castor ARV 3679 Unblown ' (3850)N Rex 711 ' G ` 7 L If ARV 3680. ARV 3680-3 ARV 3681 (3880)E ; Rex 18270 ' G . . and Rex 16185 Hat-Tone .lfcite (3880) E Rex 15L85 ... N (4880) E Rex 53 - Porch F and Deck Lead Color and Rex 16270 5-6 L 4 L-4 4 II n \ u ARV 3673 (3850)11 Sp. ` flex 711 ARV 3G74 IV n D-E . 7-8 L 1/5 (2325) Dehydrol 1/5 (3012) Oiticica 1/5 (2317) Fish -E 7-8 L 1/3 (2325) Dehydrol l/3 (3012) Oiticica l/o Thermoil A 0007-SWP-045107 0007-SWP-000114478 '5 -10- M. VAN LOO Coni, 1162 - Cont. Varnish Type Test Formula Body Color ARV 5677 (5850)51 p. Rex 711 0 7-8 L l/3 (2525) Dehydrol 1/5 (2317) Fish 1/5 Thermoil A ARV 5892 (5848) E Sp. ' ARV 3695 w Cook1s RC-2691-NS it ARV 3700 (3850)N II H II tl CV 1 (3080) E ARV 5711 (3850)N Rex 16270 Rex 15185 Rex 711 H 8 Trojan Powder Co. P. E. Sludge D-V 9L-9 II U 18 Heydenol P. E. (Gardner) Sludge E +' ? '? 9 + 5 parts ester gum 1 Velsicol AE5-16 9 1/2 (2325) Dehydrol 1/2 Thermoil A 9 Oil: l/5 fish, l/s castor, 1/3 Oiticica. Retsini 1/2 Velsicol AF-3 and 1/2 Piccolyte ARV 3675 (2847) S Acme Interior C-D 4-5 L Gloss FL-26 Made with part fish. .\Vi. ' The results 'of the tests on the above varnishes can be summarized .\rv- 'v 'as f.ollows: , 1. ARV 5660 would not be satisfactory in any interior finish due to its fishy odor. However, it was considered satisfactory with respect to drying in both the JSuameloid and Semi-Lustre formulas.2 2. ARV 5667 appeared to be much superior to ARV 5660 on all testa. This varnish was'equally as good in drying characteristics over night as (5848)E and it was definitely faster on set-to-touch time. The flow characteristics, however, were high and a slight revision in the pig mentation of Rex 710, date 5-17-44 was necessary to correct this property. In Semi-Lustre IShite this particular varnish was quite satisfactory, but it produced a slightly lower sheen thru regular (3848)E, j 0007-SWP-045108 J -11- M. VAN LOO Cont. ft62 - Cont. 3. ARV 3678 and ARV 3679 were similar in drying, brushing, flow and water resistance to regular-(3350) N. . ARV 3673 and regular (5850)N, unblown castor Velsicol type, however, produced low bodied Enameloids. 4. ARV 3631, (4880)53 Special, was tested in Porch and Deck and was found to be slower on set-to-touch and slightly softer on over night dry. Other properties were fairly well in line with standard (4880)E. Semi-Lustre TJhite made from ARV 3681, (4880) Special,' and ARV 3680, (3880)E Special was thin in body and slightly slower on set-to-touch. The over night drying, however, was considered vory close to standard. 5. ARV 3680, (5880)E Special, was tested in Hat-Tone Write. This sample was below standard for body and produced rather thin bodied paint. The drying over night was poor. 6. ARV 3630-3 similar to ARV 3680 bit cooked to an N body was also tested in Flat-Tone White. This vami3h produced standard viscosities and was similar in drying to standard (3880) E. 7. ARV-3G73, ARV 3574, ARV 3677: These varnishes were compared for body, brushing, flow, color and drying characteristics in the ftiameloid Ivory formula of 11-20-45. All threo variations are similar In performance to standard (3850)N. The special varnishes are all faster on set-to- . touch time and have harder drying characteristics over night. All ; experimentals have les3 tack than regular (5850)11 on over night dry. . Hie to slightly lower bodies of the experimental varnishes, subtly lower'consistencies were obtained on lie finished enamels. Brittle- ' ness of film was determined on the enamels made from each varnish according to standard practice, and the results or 'degree of brittleness of film are reported below: ARV 5683 - Standard (3850)N Varnish; No-cracking evident on , unblown Dehydrol Velsicol type, bent portion of tint panel, ARV 3673 - l/2 Dehydrol, l/Z Fish, l/3 Oiticica. ., Very slight cracking; 2nd best. ' ARV 3G14-2 Standard (S850)N Varnish gLi#t cracking; rated 3rd. (blown linseed Velsicol rosin-type); ; .. ' ARV 3674. - l/S Dehydrol, l/3 Thermoil A, 1/3 Oiticica. ' Definite cracking; rated 4th, ARV 3677 - 1/3 Dehydrol, 1/3 Thermoil A, 1/3 Fish. Definite plus cracking; poorest. 0007-SOT-045109 0007-SWP-000114480 -12- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. 8. lira experimental (3848)E varnishes made from Trojan Powder Company's p, E. Sludge, and a similar varnish RC 2691-N6 obtained from Cook Paint and Varnish were tested in Enameloid Ivory. Die Cook varnish was made from Heydenol P, E. Sludge, Cook's RC-2S91-N6 varnish produced high viscosities in the Enameloid Ivory formula and was rather sticky under the brush. ARV 3692 and ARV 3693 represent the varnishes made from Trojan's P, E. Sludge. ARV 3692 produced a slightly lower consist ency than standard and ARV 3693 produced a viscosity similar to Cook'3 RC-2691-N6. Based on our tests, it is quite evident that the ARV 3692 cooked to a slightly higher body would be the most desirable var nish of the three for Enameloid tint3. Draw-down films remained substantially equal to standard in elasticity. Water resistance was good on all the F. E. Sludge varnishes. 9. ARV 5700, (5850)N type varnish using 3 parts ester gum and one part Velsicol AE-5-16 was too dark in oolor for use in Enameloid tints. The factory production batch of CV 1 Varnish, representing the laboratory batch ARV 3647-2 of special (3880)E, was tested in Hat-Tone and Semi-Lustre White. This material performed very similarly to regular (3880) E in both formulas. This varnish contains 1/2 (2S2S) Dehydrol and 1/2 Thermoil A for the oil content. ; The sanple of ARV 3675, Special (2847)S, tested in Acme Interior doss FL 26, appeared to be standard with respect to brushing and flow, but was lower in sheen than standard (2847)S. ARV 5675 was made with part fish. o! il. Ho further tests were made o/n this vehicle. . #103 - Metal Protective Paints _ Stagnant harbor waters, usually acid and with dissolved sulphide gas, are usually quite destructive to underwater ship primers. The resistsncy of variouB primers to acid waters was determined during the month, 17 primers were immersed in: (1) water having a pH of 5, (2) 3% salt water at a pH of 5, and (3) water containing 150 p.p.m. H2S and at a pH of 5. This acidity is slightly greater than is ordinarily encountered in sewage and harbor waters. Results after 800 hours' immersion in quart size tanks *hich permitted a flow of one gallon of water per 24 hours, i3 as follows* 0007-SWP-045110 0007-SWP-000114481 -4- M. VAN LOO | (/Si Cont. L82 - Cont. No. Asent Mill Time Viscosity Performance Fine- #3 Orifice ness Fresh 11 Day doss Dry-to-touch 24 HV. 796 Husfal Cone. 4' 5-3/4 28.2" 27.8" OR 80 minutes V. haro 797 Dioctyl Acid ) 3* 28" 6-1/4 37,6" 34.2" 11 160 n It 798 -799 Pyropho spha te) Emulsifier 87 3' 8" 5-3/4 25.6" 24.2" Acto 45* 1' 47" 5-1/2 19.0 21.2 n 105 ti 70 " ti 11 it It *Formerly referred to as Stance SP 717. This and associated products are now distributed under the "Acto" trademark. The associated number indicates the mahogany soap concentration of the compound. The vehicle for the above was the alkyd grinding varnish (3128), and the pigment 1403 T, anatase TiQ2. The base formula is patterned after flex 710 Enameloid Hhite. In addition to the above tests, plant production trials have . been made using the Sex 710 Enameloid Shite formulation. (2270) Yelkin TS Lecithin and Acto 45 - Cff 2001 were the wetting agents tested. Production rates were vastly different in that the base formula with no agent required 21-1/2 hours for a 300 gallon batch, while the (2270) Lecithin batch required 27-1/2 hours, and the Acto 45 batch milled ^ through in 11-1/4 hours. No adjustment of varnish proportion was made for these tests. ^-77 - Pioment Studies - Lithonone Tests Plant production teats on lithopones, lots R 4148 and R 4186 were made. Rex 711 Enameloid Ivory was the base formula. In these tests the comparison was made between 461 L - lithopone, regular stock, and 461 L lithopone, lots 4186 and 4148. A reference run wa3.made using the alternate formula which contains titanium calcium - 2132 dry instead of lithopone. Comparative results are tabulated below: Gallons S_e3t Pi pncr, Rex and Date 1 hour Grind Gloss 461 L regular ! > R 4148 t*1 L, K 4186 2132 dry 711 711, C 545 711, C 545 A 711, C 575 B 25-1/2 41-1/2 44-1/2 63 6 6 6 6 OR OR OK OR #3 Orifice Viscosity Fresh 14 Day 40" 55" 37" 37" 35" 36.6" 35" 27.8" 0007-S W P -045U 1 0007-SWP-000114482 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Cont. From the above it was noted that special lots K 4143 and R 4186 represent a vast improvement over the regular lithopone. Further improvenent Is required before equivalence with the lower poundage of 152 dry is accomplished. 197 - S'flP 471 At certain times in the past, both SWP 450 Undercoater and doss White have given trouble due to initial high viscosity and tendencies to after-body. Since there have been some variations in the method used to heat body (48), the Varnish Manufacturing Department has cooperated with us to determine whether such variations were the cause of the unusual, paint viscosities. They prepared sufficient (40) by each of the following methods to permit laboratory evaluation and to run factory batches* Metiiod Acid Value Body v,' , . . t v r-j -- i. Run at 560 F. 2. Bun at 585 F. 3. Run at 600 F. 4. Hun at 600? F. and drop back to 585 F. 5. Run at 560 F. + S02 6. Run at 585 F. + SO, 7. Run at 600 F. drop back to 585 F. + S02 * 8. V 11125. 5800 _ 6000 F. air blown 9. Beta-chloroanthraquinone at 585 F. (.OS-.QS^) 10. #2 - Up heat fast as possible. 11. #2 - Up heat slow (5 hours) 7.6 11.2 12.2 12.2 - 9.5 9.4 - 10.5 12.6 16.4 z2 z2 Z2-Zj Z2-Z; Z2 Z2-Z; Z2-Z2 Z2-ZE Z2-ZE Each of the above oils is used as the (48) in the Hex 450 Undercoater formula, Card #20, and the Bex 471 SJP Gloss Write formula, Card #41, Alternate B. These batches Trill be checked for body over a period of time. The results to date are as follows: SWP 450 Undercoater Paint Ho . (48) Viscosities. #3 Orifice, at 75 F. RB 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 Method No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fresh 11" 12.2 10.8 13.2 13.2 12.4 15 1 Day 11" 12.8 11.4 14.4 13.8 13.8 17.6 3 Days 11" 12.4 11.4 14.6 13.6 13.8 17 7 Days 11.2" 13.2 12 15.4 13.2 14.2 17 0007-SWP-045112 0007-SWP-000114483 ;SV- -11- JV- M. VAtl LOO ___Cont. - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Figment Combinations Panels 6351-64 53 C, Cof.- wore examined after tvfo years' expo^ sure, vertical south. Both, cedar and yellow pine siding is used, the ' cedar being primed with Hex 450 Undercoater and the pine being self- primed- Various combinations of MS-130, leaded zinc and lead titanate are tested against regular stock guides in Gloss White, Light Lead and V Straw. A representative, but not complete, coverage of the following ?.plantations is the basic scheme! (a) varying MS-130 content from 50/ V to 85$ in approximately 10$ steps, (b) varying 412 leaded zinc from 0 to * 50$, similarly, (c) varying 1395 lead titanate from 0 to 15$ in 5$ steos, (d) varying 20 L magnesium silicate from 5$ to 15$, (e) inserting % 5 Alaibronz #19 mica in several cases, and 5$ 1403 free-chalking titanium instead of lead titanate in one; (f) In addition four special samples are tested, using MS-130/leaded zinc only, at 50/50$, GO/40$, 70/50$ f and 65/15$. Hie erosion, checking and cracking encountered is rather ser ious on the yellow pine panels but the Rex 450-primed cedars are so much >p better that for the present the only samples rated as poor in durability " are one using about 73$ MS-130 without leaded zinc, and (though definitely better) the 8o/l5$ sample. The anti-checking properties of even 5$ mica are noticeable in several instances. Fading of tints is a much more ser;`i6us matter. 73$ MS-130 (as above) shows an extreme freakish fading, 85/l5$ 13 bad in raildew and unsatisfactory in tint-retention, and the other straight MS-130/412 samples are fair to good in color. The bulk Yof the tints, using lead titanate, magnesium silicate, etc., are quite / similar in tint-retention to each other and to the average straight |r BS-130/412 dample. In general, the color of the test paints is quite Indefinitely inferior to that of the regular guides. Panels 2317-28 C were examined after 70 months' exposure at |- Chicago, vertical south. All are 3-coat work on good quality Ponderosa jj: pine siding. Die guide is 5 coats of Rex 471 SWP ULo s b White of 1958, I' also tinted Ivory; the tests consist of a special primer plus two coats v.of Acme Rex 122 Mew fira House Paint, both as white and tinted Ivory. YThe special primers, in addition to Acne's Rex 1A157 as a standard pri- Yner, test 1538 Coffeyviile zinc sulphide in Acsae'3 Preposed Balanced pri mer D-66B of 6-15-38 and also New Jersey Zinc's ZS-20 and ZS-30 Zinc sul phides and Coffeyviile's special lot XX-150. The Ivory tests all look good, showing little failure. Rex 471, three coats, which usually runs definitely inferior to a system using Rex 450 Undercoater, is about equal to the average test system in this series. Hie Acme proposed primei- seems to give better resistance to checking and cracking than Rex 1A157, with 1538 regular Coffeyviile zinc sulphide und ZS-20 tho preferred zinc sul phides, ZS-50 poorest and the Coffeyviile special intermediate. 0007-SWP-045113 0007-SWP-000114484 -13- ' tPe* v : W: f,t. VAN LOO Copt. #1Z - Coat. 03 515 I ST!P Undercoater Pigment as 9-27-44 Vehicle as 1-14-42 Using ARV 3659 - Body - F Color - 3 Through Dry Viscosities, in seconds #5 Orifice Set-to-touch 24 Hrs. Fresh 24 Hrs. 4 Days 9 Days. 15 Days 4 hr. 20 min. Good 11.4 11 12 12.3 13 OJ 51B I SV2P Undercoater As OJ 515 I but ARV 3659 with: Body - I Color - 3 5 hr. 5 min. Good 12 11.4 12.2 13.6 12.8 OJ 516 I SUP, Undercoater Formula 9-27-44 4 hr. 30 min. Good 14.4 14.6 OJ 517 I SW Undercoater Formula 9-27-44 but 8 gals. ARV 3359 Body - 1 for 4 gals. (48) and thinner. 3 hr. 55 min. Good 16.4 16.8 16 18 18.2 16.8 20 19.6 Additional meetings were held of the group interested in the Douglas Fir plywood project, to refine the exposure program. The general form of the exposure panel was approved, and an approximate list of finishing systems selected. Mr. Gross will be in Chicago in March, at which time the final plans for the 1945 exposures will be laid. #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation A second 50 gallon batch of Flat-Tone White was made in a B Department paint mixer by mixing the pigments and a portion of the vehicle in the fora of a heavy paste for a period of 20 minutes. The paste was then reduced with the balance of the vehicle. The reducingtime was 16 minutes for the above batch. The paint wa3 made from easy wetting pigments and inerts such as RCHT-X Titanium Calcium, Lesamite, and Kicrone Talc. The Flat-Tone made by this process wa3 equal to the regular production with respect to texture, flow, brushing, drying, etc. A gallon sample was sent to Mr. Milia for his inspection. 0007-SWP-045114 0007-SWP-000114485 -14- M. VAK LOO __ Cont. #162 - ^onU_ pi-i-T.iintre and Enameloid During the month a number of varnishes prepared 'ey the Varnish Research Division were tested in the above products. The various var nishes are listed below, with their characteristics and approximate com position. CVR 2 CVft 18-2 CVR 19-2 CVR 18-5 CVR 19-5 ARV 3711 ARV 3712 ARV 3722 CVR 1 CVR 3 ARV 3702 ARV 3709 Body Color -E 8-9 L l/Z Valsicoi AF-S, l/Z Piccolyte 1/3 oiticica, l/S fish, l/o castor E 7-8 L l/Z Velsicol AF-3, 1/2 Piccolyte l/3 oiticica, l/3 fish, l/3 castor Resin as check G q Xi--9 As above, but resin cooked in. G 8L As 18-2. but G body - color 8 L. E9 AS 19-2, bit H body - color 9. F9 l/2 Velsicol AF-3, l/2 Piccolyte 1/5 oiticica, l/3 fish, 1/3 castor (3848)E Tvoe Varnishes J5 Butadiene turpentine re3in G-H 8L-8 Using crude tall oil P 7 L Purified Pentaerythritol iiother Liquor O-P 7 L As above, but using crude base. (48501N Tvoe Varnishes Body Color Varnish Oil Used Resin Used a 4 1/3 oiticica Piccolyte l/3 castor 1/3 fish E 6L .1/4 Rosin 3/4 Piccolyte 0007-SWP-045115 0007-SWP-000114486 -1 U, VAN LOO Cont. fL62 - Cont. (4850)N Type Tarnishes (Cont. Body Color Varnish Oil Used Resin Used ARV 5720 F 6L l/S oiticica 1/4 Ester Gum 1/3 castor 3/4 Piccolyte 1/3 fish CVR-28 F5 It l/4 Ester Gum 0/4 Piccolyte AflV 3720 F 8L tr l/4 Ester Gum 3/4 Piccolyte ARV 5720-2 E-F 5-6 L It l/4 Ester Gum 5/4 Piccolyte lhe ( 3850}H type varnishes listed above are all similar in com position and differ nnTy with respect to body and cooking procedure. The first development tested was AflV 3711. This varnish was poor in color and produced too thin a body for the Eaaneloid tints. The second development, CVR-2, was a definite improvement in color over ARV 3711, but also produced a thin bodied enamel. / The succeeding variations of this liquid were CVR 18-2 and CVE 19-2. CVR 18-2 was made in the same manner as CVR 19-2 except that tile Velsicol AF-3 was used as a check, whereas it was cooked in the var nish in the case of CVR 19-2. These varnishes were also too low in body characteristics, so a number of- special pigmentations were introduced to increase the initial body of the enamel. The pigmentation was changed ' from 400 pounds of 2132 rutile titanium calcium to 500 pounds 1271 anatase titanium calcium, and 400 pounds 2132 plus 100 pounds Atomite - 2247 dry. The above pigmentations produced standard viscosities, but decreased the gloss. \ Based on the above results, two additional varnishes, CVR 18-5 end CVR 19--3 were made using more lime in the cook than was used in CVR 18-2 and 19-2. The CVR 19-3 produced a standard gloss and body in the Enamolcud tint baBe using.the standard pigmentation. CVR 13-3, however, was still too low in body and no further work was done on this liquid. Our test work on ARV 3712 was done in connection with Rex 710 Erujceloid Vhite, and was cotapared with standard (5848)E. This varnish Produced an abnormally high bodied enamel of 103 seconds. However, Then reduced to brushing consistency the film was fairly hard and appeared to i 0007-SWP-000114487 ter RK\- [j ;-. -16- M. VAL LOO Cont. tm Cont. be much iaore elastic than any of the varnishes we have tested recently. pi ins prepared from CVK-l and 5 were satisfactory after 16 days, and from ARV 3712 satisfactory after 33 days. The other films y/ere brittle. The sample of ARV 3722 made from Crude Tall Oil was also com pared with (3048)E in thameloid Ivory as well as in Semi-Lustre Ivory. Floor Enamel Slate was also made with the Crude Tall Oil vehicle This varnish was faster on initial drying than (534S)E or the (3880)E and (4030)E combination used in Semi-Lustre. The Crude Tall Oil varnish produced high viscosities in Enameloid and Floor Enamel and low body in Semi-Lustre. Hie principal objection to this liquid is its apparent property of becoming very brittle upon aging.' The most desirable variations of (5848)E that have been tested are CVfl-1 and CVR-3. Hiese liquids were made from Pentaerythritol Eiother Liquor. CVR-1 represents the purified base and CVtt-3 the crude. Enameloid Ivory made with these varnishes had standard bodies and drying characteristics, as well as standard water and soap resistance as compared with (3848)E. A number of (4850)N varnishes, made from 1/3 oiticica, 1/3 castor. 1/3 fish; and l/4 rosin plus o/4 Piccolyte for the resin content, have been tested in Enameloid White.' All experimental (4B50)N varnishes required the introduction of part titanium calcium for part of the titanium dioxide normally used in order to increase the pigment bulk and initial- viscosity Of the enamel. ARV 5720-2 and CVR-28 were the most desirable from a con sistency standpoint, but both varnishes require special pigmentations i&ich reduce the gloss below standard. The above varnishes also produced a definite drop in brightness as "compared with standard (4850) If, I 'V1'. iITri-,?-- Ho work was done during the month on the follc-dng proj ecf.s: $?7 - Mildew Inhibitors $112 - Fire Retardant Paint3 $^48 - Evnm-i-nation of Tiliite Lead $160 - Painting of Bricks I 0007-SWP-045117 0007-SWP-000114488 6- I M. VAN LOO Cont. S1QZ - Studies in flat Wall Faint Formulation Work under this caption has centered on an investigation instituted at the request of the Bureau of Ships on 52-P-22 (Int.) Paint, Inside, Serai-Gloss, White; Fire Retardant. The work is based on a pro posed revision, and covers the reformulation to improve washability and color retention, as sell as inaintfinance of fire retardancy, including variations in both pigment and vehicle. A number of varnishes have been submitted by Resin Research, including interesters, rosin maloic soya varnish, and rosin styrene var nishes. The comparisons rdll include the discontinued alkyd varnish formulation, the previous ester gum-bodied oil blend, and the new low temperature "dispersion cook" ester gun - bodied oil vehicle. Inert studies will be made, both for straight replacement of fibrous magnesium silicate, and for improvement in grinding in the inter ests of faster and raore economical production. Rosin Conservation A number of resins were investigated during the month to con serve and replace rosin. The varnishes listed below were submitted by the Varnish Research Division for evaluation: GVR 44 Sees . (.5050) 11 Special Bo<& I Color 9L Resin Content l/2 Velsicol AF-3 l/2 Piccolyte Oil Content 1/3 Castor i/3 Fish 1/3 Oiticica CVR 45 Eaterified Tall Oil 86" 8 Tall oil glyceride CVR 64 (5850)B Special F' 9 + 10(?5 Velsicol AF-5 1/3 Fish Resin cooked in 1/s Castor varnish. l/o Oiticica. CVR 67 (5850)N Special - D 9 + Same as CVR 64, but resin added as check. CVR 66 CVR 6S-2 CVR 72 35 gal. vim. to replace (305C) `1 It ( .-d0)N "pecioV -F G-S WCj.l 8L-8 0L rx-3 Tall oil ester oiticica varnish n11 V. !! n it 11 tl ;i l 0007-SWP-045118 0007-SWP-000114489 .1 1 lal 9- - M. VAN LOO Cont. #162- Cont. Type CVR 71 (3850)N Sp. CVR 12 (4880)2 CVR 58 CVR 13 (4880)E ( 3350) N CVR 53 CVR 17 (5850)N (5680)3 CVR 59 CVR 54 ( 5880) E (3843) E CVR 57 (3348) E Body Color Resin Content Oil Content S 18 100J Velsicol AF-3 Linseed F4 Kettle dehydrated castor -- G 5-SL Ester Gum - G 6-7L Velsicol E ' 8L (1 (2325) Kettle dehydrated castor (2325) Ii 4 L Ester Gum Kettle dehydrated castor -J 3 II II (2525) S 4-5L P. E. Ester Gum Kettle dehydrated castor T 5L-5 tt M It (2325) CVR 44 is similar to CVR 19-3, as referred to in the monthly report for February, but was made in the agitator kettle.' This material was satisfactory for body, brushing, flow, and drying, as compared vdth regular ( 3850)N varnish. Hie film-upon aging, however, became more brit tle than regular (3350)N, which In itself i3 not good in this respect after the film has aged for a few days. The esterified Tall Oil varnish CVR 45 was compared vdth. the regular vehicle combination used in the Semi-Lustre Ivory formula of 10-18-44, but was found to be short in flow, thin in body, and too free in brushing for proper application. The above conparison was made on a resin and oil replacement basis. The esterified Tall Oil varnish was also very poor in drying. CVR 64 and 67, made from Velsicol AF-3 and equal parts of fish, castor, and oiticica, were tested in Enameloid Ivory. Loth liquids pro duced low gloss, so further tests were discontinued. Our results indi cated that CVR 67 could be shaded to an Ivory but CVR 64 could not, due to its inherent color. The twc Tall OiL-oiticica varnishes CVR 63 and 72 listed above were also compared with regular (3850)N end CVR 71 (A7-1) in Enameloid Ivory. The two Till Oil-eiti.cioa varnishes ware sloY.sr in drying and 0007-SHP-045119 0007-SWP-000114490 -10- #162 - Cont. ti!. VAN LOO Cont. lower in viscosity than regular (5850)N or AV-1. The Tall Oil varnishes, however, showed an improvement in color and produced a more elastic film upon aging. Based on these results, the Tall Oil - Oiticica Varnish CVR 66 was cooked to a G-H body. The new development (CVR 66-2) was a definite improvement over CVR 63 with respect to drying end body character istics. It was very slijjitly slower on sst-to-touch than (3350)K but the over night drying vra.s rated good. CVS So-2 produced a standard viscosity in the lithopone-titanium dioxide pigmentation of formula 3-7-45, but was slightly low in viscosity when used with the rutile titanium calcium pig mentation of formula 11-20-43. Aged films of Rex 711 - Enameloid Ivory based on CVR 66-2 were more elastic than regular (3850)N. CVR 12, 13, 17 and 54 representing experimen tal varnishes based on kettle dehydrated castor were compared with regular (4880)E, (5850)N, (3830)E and (3348) E made with Dehydrol. Ihe.above varnishes were tested in Porch and Deck, Enameloid Ivory, Flat-Tone White and Enameloid White. The results would indicate that in general the kettle dehydrated castor varnishes are equal in general performance to standard varnishes made from Dehydrol (2325). Tests to check the water and soap resistance are under way and will be reported later. h #97 - STOP 471 Mr. Saunders submitted a number of special inerts for evalua tion. These-included OME #108 Pinite, OME #82 Sericite, an ore first -.icropulverized and then fractionated by elutriation to give this frac tion which is practically pure mica, OME #83 Sericite similar to #82 ex cept that the preliminary milling prior to elutriation was done in the 'C pebble mill, and OME #84 Sericite, prepared as #83 but at a higher elu triation rate, quite talc-like. ' These inerts were tested in oil conservation tints, Gray and Colonial Yellow. The inert3 produced heavy bodied paints that were hard to grind compared with 20 7 magnesium silicate. All the experimental paints became very p*ay due to abrasion and iron contamination during the milling procedure. In connection with the Navy work, a number of inert3 were evalu ated during the month for grinding properties and consistency character istics, using the SYP doss Write formula of 1-19-45. Additional tests are to be made in Sg-P-13, 52-2-22, end 52-P-45. Exposure tests T/ill be started a3 soon as tie panels can be prepared.. Data fellows; 0007-SWP- 045120 0007-SWP-000114491 -13- M. VAN LOO Cont. #97 - Cont. Hr. Shiffler, of the Newark Technical Service Department has sug gested. that we study the possibility of impairment of durability if hot grinding were adopted for SIP, due to excessive formation of zinc soaps. Two batches will be prepared identical in all respects except that one will be run at room temperature, and the other ground after the paste has been maintained at 200 F. for one hour. The final paint will be held for a time at some elevated temperature to simulate the slow loss of heat in a production batch. Portions of each of these batches will be placed on exposure at once, and exposures then repeated after the batches have been stored at ordinary temperatures for six months. This will check whether the zinc soaps formed are equal in amounts, since Mr. Van Nordstrand's work on Me talas tic Gray indicated that zinc soaps built up during storage of paints reduce durability. #86 -- Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead Panels 6168-81 C, Cof. were studied after about 32 months1 expo sure, vertical south, at Chicago and Coffeyville respectively. These tests consist of emergency reformulations of Family Paint Tints, using the 15/89jL leaded zinc pigment Ozlo 414, partly for the purpose of testing the pig ment, and partly to meet a shortage of lead and zinc pigments then existent. Essentially, the series consists of a regular Family Paint of 6-9-41 for each of six shades versus a new formulation in which 414 is substituted for 1526 35/65 leaded zinc on a pound for pound basis. An important point to note is that some, but not all, of these reformulations are adjusted for lead-zinc content by the addition of white lead. Furthermore, two samples contain 2201 Metronite in place of 20 L magnesium silicate. All are selfprimed two-coat work on cedar siding, with one pint of oil added to the first coat. Although only one has failed badly to date, all except the Light Brown show either definite visible or very intense microscopic checking and cracking and serious erosion. In two shades, the special is definitely inferior to the regular, but, although the lead-zinc content is adjusted, both Metronite and 414 must share the responsibility for this difference. In another case, failure to adjust by adding white lead may have been equally as important as the use of 414 in contributing to inferior dura bility. Hiis leaves Light Brown, which is good in both formulations because of its deep shade; Dark Blue, which is very poor in both because of its ultramarine color content (as well as high inert and lithoporie); S',-' and Pea Green, the only one tested with end without Metronite end lead-zinc adjustment. All samples of this shade are relatively good and nearly identical. The logical conclusion is that in this general formula, the use of Metronite and of abnormally high line oxide readjusted U3e of 414) are tolera-le pruilc.ei toe tinting coif;* sea .rr-o-I and the formula is otherwise sound. 0007-SWP-000114492 0007-S W P -045121 -14M. VAN LOO Cont. #12 - Exterior Primers Progress has been made in the study of finishing systems for exterior plywood, both in the accumulation of the plywood, and arrange ment of the exposure program. Mr. Gross is assisting in this work. We must obtain WPB authorization for purchase of the plywood. #177 - Pigment Studies A sample of lead silicate has been received for evaluation in metal primers, but tests have not been initiated as yet. No work was done during the month on the following projects; #165 - One Coat House Paint ' #164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduce Dirt Collection #150 - Durability studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations #178 - Studies of bark Colored House Paints * #77 - Mildew Inhibitors #112 - Fire Retardant Paints #148 - Examination of White Lead #160 - Painting of Brides 0007-SWP-045122 0007-SWP-000114493 M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation 52-P-22 (Int.) Faint, Inside. Serai-Gloss. Nhite; Fire Retardant A study of t>e Bureau of Ships specification, paint 52-P-22 was made during the month. This investigation covered the reformulation of 52-P-22 for the purpose of improving the washability and color retention as well as fire resistance of tile above material, A number of varnishes were tested based on a 25 gallon ester gum vehicle made with linseed as well as dehydrated castor. A number of varnishes were submitted by the Resin Research based on inter-estci1 type soya-dehydrated castor and rosin maleic soya varnishes, and rosin styrene Dehydrol varnishes. The inter-esters end one of the. rosin styrene var nishes could not be evaluated in this formulation because of the zinc oxide in the pigmentation. The Bureau of Ships insists on the zinc oxide, which they state: (1) Acta as an "acid acceptor" in connection with the gradual decompo sition of the vehicle, thus neutralizing any tendencies toward accelerated corrosion. (2) Imparts hardness to the film. >' (3) Contributes to the alkali resistance. The last two features are important because the frequent contact with personnel and repeated washing require these attributes. The results of our tests to date indicate that the alkyd formula of 2-18-45 for 52-P-22 is far superior in washability to any of the other vehicles tested. The balance of the vehicles were all in about the same class except for the 25 gallon ester gum Dehydrol varnish which was rated rather poor. This varnish will be made over using light bodied dehydrated castor from some other source of supply. There was no particular difference in the performance of the various varnishes on the fire test. All the experimental paints failed rather badly, apparently due to the priming coot of 52-P-18 as specified for this test. Work will be continued on this problem end further reports will be made at a later date. Rosin Conservation A number of varnishes were submitted for test during the month based on tall oil, Velsicol AD-6-5 and P.f. iLudge. The following var^shes were submitted by the Varnish Research Division for evaluation: 0007 I 8- - F.f. VAN LOO ___Cont. f!62 - Cont. (58 50)N Varnishes CVR 78-2 CVR 74-2 CVR 66-2 CVR 66-5 Body F F+ -H G Color 14-15 6-7 L 8L 6-7 L (Resin - Velsicol AD-6-5 (Oil l/2 linseed - 1/2 oiticica (Resin - Velsicol AD-6-3 (Oil - Dehydrol (l'an oil - oiticica ( 35 ganon varnish Same as above, tut revised cooking procedure. f 3848) E Varnishes CVR 106 P 15 Linseed, rosin, P.E. Sludge. CVR 107 P 16-17 As above, but port glycerine. ( 3880) E Varnish CVR no (3899)N Varnishes Q 15-16 Tan oil - linseed variation. CVR n9 0 14-15 Using "D" oil (055) Bp. c v r ns L 15 * Esterified ten oil. CVR 122 I-J 14 " Refined " The (5850)N type CVR 72-2 and 74-2 varnishes were compared with regular material in Siomeloid Ivory for body, brushing, flot$ and drying ' >characteristics. The set-to-touch time was faster on the specials but the over night dry was not as good. Aged films of enamels made with these varnishes become very brittle in SO days. The tell oil-oiticica varni3hos CVR 66-2 and 66-5 were also com pared with regular (3850)N in the Encneloid Ivory formula, The drying properties were similar on set-to-touch and over night dry, and films aged for 28 days indicated about the same degree of hardness regular f>8 50) H. CVR 66-2 film was slightly more elastic then G6-5 after this period of time. 0007-SWP-Q45124 J -9- #162 - Cont. M, VAN LOO Coat. The two special (3848)E varnishes CVR 106 and 107 were checked for general performance in Enameloid Ivory. These varnishes were very similar to standard (3848)E with respect to flow, brushing and initial drying. However, the films aged for 7 days were very brittle compared with regular (3848)E. The (3899)N type varnishes CVR 119, CVR 116 and CVfl 122 were all tested in conjunction with CVR 45 (esterified tall oil) and CVR 108, special (2281) in the reformulation of Serai-Lustre Ivory. A number of variations were made in order to obtain satisfactory body and drying characteristics. This work resulted in a formulation for Semi-Lustre White end tints that appears equal in all respects to standard SemiLustre in the tests run to date. Panels are being aged.for washing tests. The new formula, 0J 837 I has been referred to Cleveland for their con sideration, end an experimental production batch will be made in the Chi cago plant. CVR 110, special (3880)E was compared with regular (3880)E in Flab-Tone White. The CVR 110 produced a thinner viscosity then standard material and was poor in washability. However, it was about equal to the linseed-Thermoil A formula for (3880)E as it is manufactured at tho present time. , A number of Plat-Tone batches were made, to check the properties of a sample of Coated Coleite #311 received from Conrad-Trost, of Mellon Institute. It was compared with regular 566 dry and the present inert combination of 20 L and 2188 dry. The coated Calcite was gray in color but mixed and wet in faster than the other inerts tested. The coated material was also definitely hitler in sheen. Hat-Tone White Made with Coated Calcite #311 566 Dry and Regular Inert Combination < 20 L+ 2188) Batch No. 0J 735 I Method of Manufacture Roller mill 0J 735 II 0J 736 I 0J 756 II Mixed only Roller mill Mixed only Inert Used Coated Col ette #311 tl 566 dry n Grind Sheen Brushing Properties 2 High 1n 3 Mtedium sheen Good n it 1 Slightly lower than above. " 0007-SWP-045125 0007-SWP-000114496 -10- gg?y5* #162 - Cont. W- Batch No. Method of Manufacture !r 0J 737 I 0J 737 II Roller mill Mixed only Inert Used 20 L - 2168 Grind 3 Brushing Sheen Properties \ Medium sheen Good 1 Slightly lower " than above. Viscosity #5 Orifice Batch No. Fresh 14 Days Color OJ 735 I OJ 735 II OJ 736 I OJ 736 II OJ 737 I OJ 737 II 25" 27.5" 22.1" 25" 27.2" 33" 33.8" 57.4" 29.8" 29" 43.2" 54.1" Very gray 11 11 Standard H 11 n The Coated Calcite #311 was very gray in color but mixed in end wet faster than the 566 dry or the 2188 plus 20 L inert combination. ? #97 - S!g 471 52-P-45 (lnt.1 Paint #27. Outside. Haze Gray (formula #5-10 At the request of the Navy we are investigating two angles in this specification. The first is a study of the vehicle to replace the current alkyd in the interests of phthalic conservation. The second is a .Btudy of durability to determine whether the p.v.c. con be reduced to f impart additional durability without difficulties from excessive gloss. ; As a final step there will be an investigation to develop on exterior hull point of maximum durability far maintenance of inactivated ships. The vehicle replacements under consideration include maleic ester and rosin styrene varnishes submitted by the Resin Research Department. The initial steps in p.v.c, reduction involve a drop from the regular 34.7? down to 30?. Because of shortages of ultramarine blue, 52-P-45 cells for tinting with lampblack only. Wo were unable to obtain the standard blue tone of gray using 104 dry, Mepham's Black Knight Velvet Lampblack. This was confirmed by the Cleveland Technical Service. Subsequently, the Cleve land factory vras able to get a fair match in a 500 gallon batch of 52-P-45' without adding blue. We reported our difficulties to the Philadelphia Navy Yard, who advised us that whn and Wolff's #600 Lampblack was the standard for Navy purchases under Federal specification TT-L-70. We obtained a sample of the Bihn and Wolff black end found it to be stronger, easier wetting, cuid much better in texture thnn our 104 dry, which is gritty. However, it 0007-S W P -045126 0007-SWP-000114497 -13- M. VAN LOO Cont. ar jjhfiO - Cont. ' Brick and Stucco Paint shows no sign of failure to date. Cementaprime is not satisfactory for waterproofing, #177 - Pigment Studies ' Eagle-Picher Lead Company has given us very complete information p. which they have collected to date on basic silicate white lead. They indi- .cate it has shown its greatest usefulness in metal pricers, using a Cora 'S; bination of 80$ blue lead and 20$ basic silicate white lean. They believe |:,it has special merit in primers for ferrous surfaces, particularly for ^submerged or alternate submerged exposure. Iheyslso suggest consideration in exterior house points in the order of 10 - 20$ of the total pigment. Tttiile Eagle-Picher rate the basic silicate equivalent in hiding i power to lead carbonate, the opacity appears to be about weaker than | Carter lead, according to Mr. Craig. Its high oil absorption, about four -times that of Carter lead, militates against its general use in exterior jjtpaint formulations. Further work is planned. Ho work was done during the month on: #164 -- Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduce Dirt Collection |., #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Cocfcinations ' #178 - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints #P-2 - Fire Retardant Paints ; #148 - Exnird n/1 tton of White Lead L' #86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Landed Zinc and TJhite Lead_________________ . Kf 0007-SW5-045127 0007-SWP-000114498 -15- M. VAN LOO Coat. < - b?"- Stales in Flat Wall Paint Formulation fj figP22 flnt.l Paint. Inside. SeajlQloss. TMte: Tire Retardant Ihis investigation covers attempts to reformulate 52P22 for the pose of improving uashability and qolor retention, a3 well as fire re-gtence. The investigation will cover a number of variations in pigmeata'on and in vehicle composition, including tile recent change to the low /erature composite cook, compared with the previous blend of heat bodied seed oil and ester gum solution. Certain varnishes have been included ` ged on interesters and rosin styrene varnishes. The interester type proved to be of no particular interest in this Stance, due to their relatively high acid value, which caused reactivity 'th the zinc oxide in the formula, lhe rosin styrene varnishes can be made th sufficiently low acid value to prevent undue reactivity with zinc cod.de. ver, in some cases they cause considerable trouble also. i.i; In order to have a point of reference, we made up the original formula, and ft is interesting to note the comparative wastability th subsequent ester gum varnishes or ester gum oil blends. The various paints were tested in accordance with the standard of test as covered by Specification 53>22. Bureau of Ships Specification 52P22 Detail Acquirements E-6 E-4 Drying Viscosities (X.U.) After - ' Sgp22 Formula Vtjhlnle Type Fresh 5 Days 8 Hrs. 12-15-42 Alkyd 72 73 Medium to hard .1-2-45 Oil-ester gum solution Proposed revision Linseed-ester gum vara. 68 69 69 69 Hard Hard Dehydrated castor-ester gum varnish; zinc oxide reduced to S. 67 69 Hard Proposed revision As 664 I, but zinc oxide 68 reduced to 05. 1-2-45 Vehicle as proposed 69 linseed-ester gum varnish; pigmentation of 1-2-45. 68 69 Medium to bard Hard 0007-SWP-045128 0007-SWP-000114499 -16- #, !& : fi62 - Coat. 52P22 - Cont.' &: H' -2iJ2.` 52P22 Formula 0, 698 I H" Proposed revision M. VAN LOO Cont. Vehicle Type E-4 Viscosities (K.O.) Fresh 5 Dava -6 Drying After 8 Hrs. Rosin styrene dehy drated castor varnish; acid value 7.9 on base. 69 699 I Interester, soya, dehydrated castor var- nish; acid value 18.6 on base. 110 (Livered) 700 I Rosin styrene, dehy- Livered drated castor varnish; acid value 12 on base. |;711 I Interester rosin maleic 128 soya varnish; add (Livered) value 19.7 on base. E-7 -9 B-12 E-13 Fire Retardant E-8 Gloss Flash Reflect ProDerties - 2000 F. Color NS E-W Point ance Waahability. Rubs in cycles Grind : 661 I Large blisters formed; OR < v- ' film removed. 18 18 97 F. 84$ 21,550 4 5.662 I Blisters somewhat smaller, but bad cracking. Very 13 13 93 slightly less violet 82.6 8,885 4 Blisters formed slowly; film intact. 10 10 89 83 7,596 4 Slight glowring; badly " 10 10 86 cracked film. 85.2 5,470 4 Blisters formed slowly " film intact to aid. - 10 10 89 83.1 6,500 4 Slight glORing; blisters " formed slovily. 14 14 86 83.7 6,480 4 Definite glow; slow to " blister and peel. 12 12 102 82.7 7,550 4 I, 700 I, 711 I - Livered; not tested. 'Jc? J M $ `\ JL 0007-SWP-045129 0007-SWP-000114500 HL Cont. 52P22 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. While this work is not complete, there are some items of special interest; Obviously the original alkyd formula has a much higher degree of washability than the subsequent ester gum blends or varnishes. In this case, the washability was determined using our scrub machine, in which the film is applied on steel by draw-down, using a 0.005" clearance gauge. The films are allowed to dry for five days. Ihe scrub resistance is determined by Using a Pro-phy-lac-tic No. 400 hand brush weighted with a 1-1/4 pound weight, counting as a cycle one complete forward amd backward motion over the scrubbed area, and measuring the number of cycles to the point of ini: tial break-through of the film. Within experimental error, the alkyd formulation will stand about 21,000 cycles, while the other formulas tested fall in the 6,000 to 8,000 cycle range, which might be considered as substantially one group. Additional formu lations will be made to make a more direct comparison between dehydrated castor oil and linseed. The series is incomplete, but indicates that zinc ojd.de can be reduced without substantial loss in washability. Obviously interesters can not be used with zinc CJd.de in such formulations and it is difficult to prepare rosin styrene varnishes which will be compatible with zinc oxide. None of these paints really pass the fire test. Tfork was reported K in 1943 to the Bureau of Ships, in which we pointed out the connection between *; pigment-volume-concentration and adhesion in the fire test for both 52*22 i applied as a single coat and over 52P18 primer. If 52P18 is increased in I'pignent-volume-concentration to the vicinity of SO to 60, adheBion is ejccel- jvlent after the fire test, but corrosion resistance drops sharply. When the ^various 52P22's were applied over standard pigment-volume-concentration & 62*18, blisters are formed in almost every instance. All of the 52*22 ^semi-gloss paints will survive in single coat3. This project will continue under investigation as time and person nel permit. As an auxiliary phase of this work we have a study of zinc oxides f'and their reactivity in the 62*22 formula, tdiich ties in with similar work in & the "2inc Ojd.de Conqparison" under 52*18 Zinc Chromate Primer. \ The various zinc oxides are substituted directly in the 52*18 formula on an equal weight basis. Ihe oxides used are identical with those used in the "Zinc Ojd.de Comparison" under 52P18, and the listing need not be repeated here. Reactivities will be measured by viscosity da terminations over a period of storage. The paints have been made and readings started. f'stJ 0007-SWP-045X30 0007-SWP-000114501 -18- R2 - Cont. K, VAN LOO Cont. Special - Gloss Measurements on Semi-Gloss Paints In cooperative work with the National Bureau of Standards, these factors were found to be of considerable importance in making gloss measure ments: 1, films should be applied to highly polished surfaces for gloss measure ment. (Do not vise ground glass or any similari.y roughened surface.) <vv 48 hour drying time: Semi-Lustre OJ 660 I on polished glass - 60% "" n " ground glass - 49% *? 2. The film thickness should be standardized, preferably gauge clearance = 0.005 - O.QOS". Semi-Lustre OJ 660 I on polished black glass - 48 hours' drying: 0.CO5" gauge clearance - gloss 52-l/2% 0.005" " " 53-1/2% S i 'i. & 3. So far as we can tell, there iB no difference whether the polished glass is dear, opaque white, or black when making gloss measurements, doss after 5 days' drying - OJ 660 I: 0.003" gauge dearance 0.005" gauge clear- draw-down______________ ance draw-down Polished dear glass tfiite " " black " Rosin Conservation 52% 51% 51% 53% 53% 5% VAJ ': m -v*... During the month a number of experimental varnishes based on tall oil were tested for use in Semi-Lustre and Porch and Deck Paints. CVR 116 Special (3899)N Bogy. L Color ' (Gardner) 15 Oil used Esterified tall oil. i.:*.. CVR 119 t < CVR 122 m4 CVR 126 tl II nn fecial (48) 0 14-15 I-J 14 45 4 L - 4 "D" Oil - (5055) Spec. CW (a50) Ref. tall oil Eempseed Oil CVR 154 Special (3380)E P 18 + Oiticica, linseed, and tall oil ester. CVR 139 Special (4880) E F- 16 Tall oil - linseed. i o o o v -s w p -o a s is i 0007-SWP-000114502 1 .*1. -19- Cont. Rosin Conservation M. VAN LOO Cont. CVR 157 Cm 153 CVR 108 CVR 45 CVR 120 3te. Special (48aO)E M Ti G+ G Color (Cardnar) 16 16-17 Oil Used Tall oil - linseed. Tall oil, linseed, v/ood oil. Special (2281) H-I 10 Oiticica, linseod. Esterified Tall Oil 86" 8 Esterifiad tall oil. (S-YJ tube) (Hellige) i: m 0" 14 CW (2150) Refined tall oil. (S-W tube) use Esterif'^^n^- mB Spsat on 013 reformulation of Semi-Lustre to % ^ *t"\ f ?rdar to o'otaia tie desired sheen, body, flow, is bination of rVR 120 ( fcri2ulfs wsr established using a com- i CW 122 ^CV-35) * CVR 108 (AV-55) for Somi- yellow - flex laala Xp -^l7 ~ Sexn16239> Cream - Rex 16276, Jonquil *ere sent to crinLi=^d/ai'a Greea ~ Rex 16290 The above formula revisions ^production batrlie<i aflpraval> depending on the performance of initial P caon baWa 03 sde on the above rexes at Chicago. I evident on fR 116* 119 nd 122 it * *** hfied tan no /nm ,c) couldbe matJ" satiefaofcorily using crude esteri- .T.S,'lS05S> ^ r re""1 " n- ao>,"d- I ms comcarfdRi l^,, iE^ "** fron oiticica, linseed and tall oil, and Theraoil A mil lito J1**1 the present production made from linseed $r vashability, measured , PJ?~'?r (3fi80)B based on Dehydrol and ester gum. The * ^Plied over ?"ber of rubs required to remove the film vfcen over a glue-sized surface, was as follows: Required rubs to remove film 1. Flat-Tone (using Ester Gum Dehydrol (3880)) Over 300 Rated Very good 2* , * " (u3ing linseed Thermoil A (3880) E) IT v(uu-sai-nnigg uo^ituiicuixccaa, nliniiaseeeead>, wtauall. onil (388p)E) 100 70 Poor Very poor The above results indicate that (3880) E should be made with ester fib* and Dehydrol as soon as these ran materials are available. 0007-SWP-045132 0007-SWP-000114503 rSO- jtfl62 - Cont. Rosin Conservation M. VAN LOO Cont, A sample of micronized Metronite sent to the Chicago plant was com pared with regular Metronite - 2201 dry, versus the regular inert combination of Micro Valva A -- 2193 dry and magnesium silj.cate -- 20 L in Flat-Tone White. The initial viscosities of the Flat-Tone batches were as follows: Inert Viscosity - #5 Orifice OJ 773 I 0J 779 I OJ 780 I 2188 and 20 L dry 2201 dry Liicronized 2201 6.6" 5.6" 5.6" The above paints were applied over a glue-sized panel and checked for washability. The two paints made from Metronite were slightly better in washability than the regular 20 L and 2188 dry inert combination. Additional tests will be made with Metronite as an inert in the post-war flat formulations. CTO. 159 and GV3 157 are (4880)2 type varnishes made from tall oil. The above liquids were compared with (4880)2 in Porch and Deck Paints. Paints have been prepared for exposure at Florida and Chicago to determine the exterior durability of the toll oil varnishes. Leaded zinc, titanium calcium, and pure titanium dioxide pigmentations are being compared. CTO 157 is similar to C7R 139 but is higher in acid value and is intended for use with titanium pigmentations. CVR 157 and CVR 153, however, show no particular advantage with respect to drying over CVR 13S. The results of the test work to date indicate that the tall oil (4880) E is slightly slower in drying than (4880)E on set-to-touch and over night drying. However, after 48 hours the through drying properties ore equal to standard. 0.005" draw-down films aged for 9 days and scrubbed, using our standard method, indicate that tall oil (4880)E films have less scrub resistance than regular (4880) E Then compared in a Porch and Deck or Semilustre formulation. Tests on water end soap resistance, of tall oil Porch and Deck films indicate about the seine amount of diitening with water and slightly less whitening with 1% soap solution than with regular (4880)E. The Porch end Deck exposures will be reported on at a later date. See . chart on next page. 0007-SWP-045133 0007-SWP-0001  1 05 <O>l CO o o CD O cn S05 Cfr*fD- P . Cn'*O* OCD 7t\03 -<1 pi 70 TPOi D pi Si f12 P 8 S CD GO CD CD ?a m 10 o ocq ? <s + w CD H* o* Si to CD M 8 TO Cn u 4* *8 7c0n TO cn P> 5^- CO S3 3H a H7001 P O 2 SS P *8? O If frf JS? * co ft g* a Ti o 0> ? Sg(g.q p, & H o9a?. *Vc? PiStf TO ft et c*- S3 * *3 sr & s* M ft ^ a- p s- h - p. CO + ffP CD 0cn> CtoO ffg ft P* * 5 & ^gpf CD m H c* * cn CD c* *1 8 I p I 0007-SWP-045134 0007-SWP-000114505 -12- M. VAN LOO Cont. Coat. A special examination at one month exposure, comprising both rain and strong sunlight, shouted all panels normal as to gloss, color and general appearance. There are a few cases of small blisters near edges, in most cases -where no seelers -were used. The unpainted controls show bad rusting of nail heads, but this is much worse on the regular plywood tlian on the coated types. Regular plywood already shows signs of grain raising at one month. ft62 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint. Formulation 52P22 (Int.) Paint. Inside. Semi-Gloss. Nhite; Fire Retardant Zinc Oxide Evaluation After a period of 21 days1 aging viscosity measurements were made on the series of paints made with various zinc oxide pigments. No reactivity has taken place with any of the. sespies. This absence of reactivity would explain the fact that the presence or absence of zinc oxide does not affect wauhability materially as long as tile pigment .volume is maintained. -,V. Rosin Conservation The varnishes listed below were tested in Ensmeloid and Serai Lustra during June; (3848) Eype Varnish ;v'CVR 175 ;`-"c v r 177 .,,.CV,116 :CV-116-2 . :CVR 211 - CVR 113 CVR 119 CVR 17 Body .0 -p T 0 -p H 0 -p - P P -Q Color S Nelio Rosin, P.E. Sludge No. 1, linseed, 12-15 Nelio, glycerine, linseed. 12 + Factory batch of CVR 177. 11 + Factory batch of CVR 177 (slight variation in cooking), 12 + Nelio, fleydenol #598, linseed. - J. H. Hina Co. Eeterified Tell Oil. - Similar to CY 82 but D Oil (National. Southern Products). 14-15 Same as CV 83 but made with B Oil. 11-12 Nelio Rosin, glycerine, linseed. (Cont.) 0007-SWP-045135 0007-SWP-000114506 -13- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. (5348)E Tvne Varnish Body: Color CV 7001 N 10 + Same as CVR 211 but factory batch. CVR 214 CVR 214.-2 H-I ? 10-11 9-10 Nelio Rosin, glycerine, linseed (320). n n ii CVR 177 and the two factory batches CV 116 and 116-2 .made from Nelio Rosin, glycerine and linseed, were tested in Enameloid Tilite as replacements for (384Q)E. Similar type varnishes, CVR 175, 211 and CV 7001 made from Hello Rosin, P.E. Sludge, linseed, were also evaluated in the same formulation. Based on laboratory tests, the Nelio Rosin, glycerine, linseed varnishes were satisfactory in Enameloid White with respect to brushing, flow, and drying. However, they were not equal in brightness to enamels made from (5048) E. - - The Nelio rosin, P .E. sludge, linseed varnishes were similar to the varnishes made from glycerine and were more desirahle from a color standpoint. A revised formula for Enamel oid White baaed on CV 116 has been Sent to Cleveland and production is now under w.y at the Chicago plant. Due to a shortage of tall oil, work has been under way to revise Semi-Lustre White and tint3. CVR 116, 211, 214, 2l4r-2 and 217 have been investigated as a vehicle for this work. However, to date we have not been successful in obtaining a uniform sheen. Work will be continued. CVR 118 and 119, esterified D tall oil liquids, similar to CV 82 and .83, were tested in Semi-Lustre and found to be too dark for the white tut they could be used in the tints. Esterified tall oil ester, from J. H. Hina Company, was tested in Semi-Lustre White and found to be satisfactory as a substitute for CV 82. Paintercraft One Coat Flat No. 10 (Rem 65510* Some work was done during the nonth on the development of a post-war One Coat Flat. Several vehicle combinations wore tested using various combinations of (5080)E, 017 1596 (Linage!), (785) and (1157) to improve brushing characteristics, Satisfactory flow and brushing were obtained but mahaiility was below acceptable limits. Hr. Walton wall make a number of variations of (53HC) for the purpose of improving i -Vo-oi.foi-1 s+.i ns nf this liauid. Work will be continued. 0007-SWP-Q45136 1 -42SS&. -14- M. VAN LOO Cont. fi62 - Cont. Two coal resin linseed varnishes were submitted for evaluation during June by the Resin Research Laboratory. Varnish CRBO 292 was 20 gallons in length with a body of E at 50$ solids. Varnish CREO 294 was 50 gallons in length with a Q body at 50$ solids. A number of formulations such as Enameloid, Semi-Lustre and Wall Primer and Sealer were made using CSBO 292. Based on our observations to date, it is quite evident the dark color of the coal resin varnishes will restrict their usage to relatively dark colored paints and enamels. Ihe drying characteristics and film properties appear to be quite good. Our tests are not complete and no exterior exposures have been made to evaluate the durability of this material. To date our work has been limited to the 20 gallon varnish, CRBO 292. This particular varnish was satisfactory for body in Wall Primer and Sealer but was too thin for Enameloid or Semi-Lustre. Future batches will be made using varnish CRBO 294 and these will be reported on at a later date. Wall Primer and Sealer Tests Drying Over Viscosity #3 Varnishes Set-to-touch Night Fresh 3 Days Color Used 943 I Regular formula 45 min. Rex 19681 5-14-45 Hard 23" 18.9" Std. AV 50 (3320) 3 J Regular formula Rex IS681 10-11-44 Hard 22.2" 23" Std. (1157) (3848) E (1752) 2 J As above, but coal resin var nish CRBO 292 40 min. Hard + 20.8" 17.6" Poor CRBO 292' Semi-Lustre Cream 3 J Rex 16274 Form. 6-26-45 25 min. Good 37.8" 25.6" Std. AV 30 (48) 7 J Aa above, using 30 min. varnish CRBO 292 Very good 17.2" 15.0" Very CRBO 292 dirty (48) 0007-SWP-045137 0007-SWP-000114508 -15- M. v an LOO Cont.___ #162 - Cont. Enameloid Ivory Drying Over Viscosity #5 Vumir.lmn Set-to-touch Night Fresh 5 Days Color Used_ 9 J Rex 711 Formula 5-7-45 40 min. Hard 24" 23" Std. AV 50 10 J As above, but varnish CREO 292 20 min. Very CR20 92 Hard + 15.8" 16.2" dirty <*') Kith the assistance of the Cleveland Technical Service Depart ment we checked Hickson's proposed revision of Federal Specification TT-P-53 Tor Paint; Primer-Sealer, (For) Plaster and Tiallboard. Our principal criticisms were that hiding requirements were higher than necessary, that the flexibility tests were rather severe, the lower limit for gloss too low, that tests for second coat uniformity over areas with suction spots were not adequate, and that brushing tests could be mado ;more practical. Ho work done during the month on the following projects: #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations #178 - Studies of Dark Colored House Pajnt3 - Fire ^atardant Prints #86 - Durability of pigments with Special Reference - to Leaded Zinc end White Lead #148 - Ebrenvi nation of White Lead #177 - Pl erm^nf. Studies ffiZ -_Mildew Inhibitors #LP - Painting of Bricks 0007-SWP-045138 0007-SWP-000114509 -6- M. VAJT LOO COOT. ^182 - Conti Reduction of paste cansistonoy with additional (3128) var nish was found to be impractical due to the high visfcosity of the varnish itself. On the bther hand, the addition of thinners, even if used in moderate amounts, appears to affect excessively the grinding properties of the varnish. The use of wetting agents with thinners appears to over came this objection and to be even more effective than with the high vis cosity varnish mix. This work is of considerable interest and will be checked with factory runs just as soon as they can be arranged* #162 - Studies in Plat mil Paint Formulation Rosin Conservation The Enameloid White formula of 12/9/45'was made using the first factory production of the Helio rosin, Heydenol, linseed varnish, CV-7001. The above varnish'was competed with standard (3848 )E and was found'to be equal in drying, brushing, and flow, and slightly superior in color. The introduction of 10 pounds,Witcarb - R increased the body and re duced the flow to a more desirable range than nomally experienced with standard (3648)E# Batoh Varnish Tested Viscosity Freak 2 days Set-to- Tim and ' touch 24 hrs. Color Brushing' QJ 998 I CV-7001 OJ 980 I Regular (3843)3 33,8" 38.6" 33,8" 43" 80 min. Hard 30 " n SI. brighter Goad than OJ 980 I Standard Good Considerable work har -been dome on the reformulation of Semi-Lustre end Enameloid using 07-115 and (77-7001. In connection with this workj acme needing troubles have been encountered using the above varnishes^, as wall as with regular (3048)Ee Toats are now' under way ueing tallate ana nc.phtihers.to driers ;ln conjunction with C7-7001, C7-11'5, .W-59 and (3848)E in Enemeloid flhite# A email percentage of HUolate Oaloitm is .also being introduced as a stabilizing agents It . ocn-'-otiica. with 'he reforralatimi of Semi-Lustre White from C7-116 osd CV~700':., r.-e enacuntercd low and non-uniform sheen# This trouble was also experienced with previous (3018)3 produotior on SeniLustre and an tiro first faotory production using the AV-59 varnish. At Cleveland3 s suggestion, the (302C) was'.elimirsised from the fomulr.s and 0007-SHP-04S139 0007-SWP-000114510 -7- M. VAN LOO CCNT. the hazing disappeared* Alternate formulations for Enameloid and SemiLustre using CV-116 and CV-7C01 will he established in the near future* Two Pentalyn G - linseed oil Tarnishes listed below wore compared with regular (3848 )E in Snameloid White* CVR-235 One fourth of resin run with oil and balance used for cheoko Body - P-Q Color - -10-11 N V, - 60^5 CVR-237 - Oil gelled and cheeked with resin* Body - 0-P Color - -10 N0V* - , 6($ The two 3tteaial varnishes were similar to regular (3848)B in brushing, flow, gloss, and drying character!sties. Batch Varnish Tested Drying Time Set-to^teuSi ^Tars, Tank Viso* #3 orifice Fresh Overnight OJ 37 J Reg, (3848)B 1 hr* 55 min* Hard V* Sligit 32" 35" OJ 67 J CVH-235 2 hr s* Hard OK 42*; 37,6" OJ 68 J CVR-237 ' 1 hr0 55 min. Hard OK 35,6" 31" Experimental varnish' CVR-235 io slightly mope desirable tiian CVR-237 from a body standpoint, but not quite as good far color, Both shew considerable superiority to regular (3848 in soap resistance and are approximately equal to it in cold water resistance* A number of Coal Rosin vorniches coded CI-B-C29E, C294r 0315, and 0317 were nvtaitbed by the Rosin Kecearch Laboratory for evaluation in 'Trade Sales ormuiatlcnsc The above vamicheu wore tested in wall Primer and Sealer, Sorji-Lustro, Entaeloid and Porch and Deck Paint* All varnishes tested so far have boen. too dark to use in whites or tints* Draw-down films have bean and or glass and will he ahecksd for elasticity from time to time, Freshly c.ppliod paint films bjetnw quite brittle after a few days* However, the Rosin Rcsoaroh have found paints aged for several- days produce more elastic films0 This feature is being olteoked* 0007-SWP-045140 0007-SWP-000114511 -8- #162 - Cont, M. VAN LOO CONT. A ssz^le of Wall Primer and Sealer Hx 19681, 1*180(1 on the Coal No3in varnish CEB-0317, was sont to Cleveland for their inspeotion. Porch & Deck exposures will bo made to determine the exterior durability and film characteristics, . #86 - Durability of pigments with Speoial Eeferenoe to Leaded Zinc and V/hite Lead A report wa3 given limited distribution during the month covering the 1943-4 poroh & Deok'Paint exposures, , These tests wore put out to evaluate (a) pigmentation, principally lead-zinc-exten&ers against rutile types of titanium oxides and titanium aalciixi extended pigments, (b) vehicles 3uch as alkyds, phenolics, natural resins, ester gum., rosin and other types of varnishes, . Cm of the groups of tests is on a apacial horizontal plat form of low grade Yellow Pine, exposed at the Chioago Exposure Farm only, with sections of each paint system being washed periodically with soap'and water. The other more extensive series were all two coats self-primed, exposed 45 south Chioago and Florida, One group was on Yellow Pine and on steel over Kramik Primer, another set cm Yellcw Pine only, and a third on Douglas Fir only. The outstanding and general finding was that the rutile titanium oaloitm pigmentation such as was used in 1942 is far superior to leaded sine in resistance to .cracking and flaking, Scp.-oha1.ldng rutile Ti02 plus extenders shows considerable promise, shewing outstanding gloss retention in the series on'metal. Combinations of leaded" sino with TiOg, basio carbonate'white lead; lithopone, zino sulfide, eto, renge from fair to poor on wood. On steel, erosion replaces flaking as the prinoipal fail ure lithopone and zino sulfide being bad in this respeot,' loaded zino paints do not show the flaking tendencies exhibited on wood. This agrees with house paint priming experience where the simultaneous use of zino oxide and varnish rosins is avoided because of flaking tendencies, particularly on Group 3 or 4 woods, Fran tho standpoint of vehicles, the titanium pignenta subordinate differences in vehicle durability, so that even paints made with Velsiool (3860)N and Bast India (429) show fair performance, #164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduoe Dirt Collection During the month, seven paints were reoeived from du Pent for cooperative oxposures against S-W semples at Chioago and 'Wilmington, plus such supplementary location as each might elect. The object of the tests is to determine the" desirability of including sane basic oarbcnate white lead in the formula, and to compare the results of duplicate expo sures at Chicago and Wilmington., Our Chioago exposures, particularly of 0007-SWP-045141 *11- -ft: N. VAN LOO Cant* $12 - Cant. {^'applied on a.'9-foot siding panel over Rx 450 Underooater of tho same pro duction date. The topcoat Of Gloss White was applied in sections after the Undercoater had dried 1, 2, 7, 15, and 30 days, Both Chior.go and - plorida panels had been out 24 months. There was no failure at either \ looatidn and no differences were noted exoopt very minor ones in the past ^record. It is felt that this apparent greater latitude in allowable dryT jng time of Ex 450 should be pointed out in view of tho previous findings that prolonged drying of a prime coat i3 detrimental. Specifically, we ?had tests several years ago, which showed a very serious impairment of ^durability of Rx 471 self-primed at more than a 4-day dry. TTe will not s?change our recommendations advising relatively early reco&tirig of Rx 450 'until the exposures have advanoed to the point of break-down,, Exterior Finishes for Plywood **'- - A brief memorandum cm the Plywood Exposure Project was -issued during the month. Preparation of two repeat panels of CX-1538 Q. D. Primer - CK 1540 Gloss Red Enamel was described,-this being neoessary be cause of inadequate coating of the original tests an Super Harborite. An .improssion was corrected that we had inadvertently given. This particular coated wood required especial care in order to take tho CX-1538 - CX-1540 . system satisfactorily, though no difficulty was experienced with the other woods. At 30 days exposure, the panels looked excellent, though a few without edge sealers shored incipient blistering. The'regular plywood .unooated oontrol already showed signs of grain-raising. Jv: 177 '* Pigment Studies - A general examination of 414, 15/85 leaded sine exposures rto four years duration shows that it performs as & oo-fuaed product similar to 412, 55/65 leaded zinc, except for slightly more dirt collection. eots: No work was done during tho month an tho following pro- 150 - durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Camfcinaticna J178 - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints rv-- ---------------------------------------------------------- >-11 2 ~--''1F" ir1e Ro-ta-r-d-ant11Ihints J.43 Examination of TThito Lead 160 - Painting of Ifioks i- it 0007-SWP-045142 0007-SWP-000114513 BK -7- M. VAN 1,00 Gont. #164 - Gont. The painting of the panels for the du Pont cooperative exposure test, described in the July report, was c ompleted during the month. The series run from SS58 through 10,025, for a total of 280 panels. The fundamental comparisons will be.'.between exposure locations at Chicago, Illinois and Wilmington, Delaware, but we will also expose our panels at Coffeyville and Miami. du Pont will also expose at other locations. Since du Pont do not recommend the use of a special ur.derccater, the paints are exposed self-primed, over Rex 4S0 S?.T Dndercoater, and over Rex 450 tinted gray to emphasise erosion tendencies of the top coats. #86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead_________________ 1 The following house test was completed during the month: Breyfogle House, Dixie Highway and Cedar Road, Homewood. Regu lar Rex 450 Dndercoater over all except large boxed eaves. . Test top coats : are: OJ 89 J SVfP White Special using 9 dry basic lead sulphate, 0J 90 J, same but using 13 dry basic lead carbonate (essentially current regular ? .formula), and 0J 30 J Ti-Sil Outside White. On the eaves and other trim, Wo Trimbrite Mayfair Green formulas are tested, one using 2180 dry Micro ; Velva A, the other Ground York Limestone. #165 - One Coat House Paint The following house test was completed during the month: c Rietveld house, 14432 Desplaines Street, Harvey. CH 4697, C 1495 One Coat House Paint White, regular, as control, against OJ 186 JJ , as regular except eliminating 1895 lead titanate and retaining CW 1971 .mica, and OJ 187 JJ which is vice-versa, eliminating mica, rotaining the i,,lead titanate. j^r#12 - Exterior Primers Acme asked for recommendations for a one coat paint for pre^ fabricated farm buildings for the Evans Products Company, Two formulations were developed along the lines of Exterior Prefab Primer CH 3285, but wore jt nt satisfactory due to through drying being too slow. The investigation was turned over to C. H. Williams to try a fast drying alkyd one coat material. However, it was felt that soma experience could be,gained by exposing the CH 3265 variations, and exposures are planned for Chicago, '.using Douglas Fir plywood. ft 0007-SWP-045143 t II , 0007-SWP-0001 8- - M. VAN LOO Cont.. #162 - Studies In Flat Wall Paint Formulation During the month considerable time was spent on the reformulation of the Paintercraft One Coat Flat Wall Paint #10, Rex 65310. In the re formulation work, a special effort was made to eliminate ghosting and improve the uniformity over non-uniform surfaces. A proposed formulation has been worked out based on (3880) S varnish and CW (1996), Linogel from Archer-Daniels Midland Company, as the principal constituents in the ve hicle. The pigmentation is based on rutile titanium dioxide and rutile titanium calcium. The new formula has been increased in hiding over the present material by approximately 40j to insure a more uniform job over surfaces that are difficult to hide. The new flat can be brushed full body for application over sur faces that are difficult to hide but the best performance will be obtained by reducing it with l/2 to 1 pint of mineral spirits to the gallon. The old and new formulations would compare as follows: Cost per 100 Gals. Hiding Units Hiding Pigment tit oer 100 Gallons One Coat Flat #10 Formula 9-13-44 $77.84 21,090 .82 570 pounds 2132 dry Proposed Revision 0J 198 J 92.03 550 pounds 2132 dry 27,950 .73 100 " 2173 dry Samples of the new flat have been sent to Cleveland and Newark for inspection and distribution. A number of popular calcicoaters that are now being sold in the east, were tested for general performance over surfaces such as Enamel, Wall Primer and Sealer, Flat Wall Paint, Kem-Tone and Decotint. All of the calcicoaters, were recommended for use over calcimine or porous sur faces. However, we were interested in the uniformity over surfaces that vary in porosity, checking their uniformity of tint and sheen. Based on our results below it is quite evident that materials of this type are not as suitable for wall application as a good flat wall paint. The calcicoaters include the following products, tested at the reductions recommended: jr 0007-SWP-045144 0007-SWP-000114515 i -9- fig -- Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. Product Manufacturer Reduction Eagle (Kalsa-Koater for calcimine ceilings only) Eagle Paint and Varnish Works Long Island City, N. Y. 1-1/2 pints (348) per gallon Ceil-Tone (Flat White for use on calcimine, white wash and over porous surfaces) 20th .Century Paint and Varnish Company Brooklyn, New York 1/2 pint (348) per gallon Frisco Ceiling Cote (for Frisco and Company, Inc. use over calcimine, New York, N. Y. casein or flat wall paint) 1 pint (348) per gallon Ovakal (Flat White for use overcalcimine only) Art-Tex Adhesive Products, Inc. Brooklyn, N. Y. Ceil-Tone 1-1/2 pint3 (348) per gallon Ceilinz Cote Ovakal " Brushing Good Good Good Good - Flow Very good Very good Good Fair Wet edge at Short on 8 minutes. wet edge. Not satisfactory; OK set too fast. .Set too fast Washability(over glue size) Film removed Film removed Film removed Film removed after 20 rubs; after 100 rubs; after 20 rubs; after 20 rubs; very poor. ' fair. very poor. very poor. Uniformity of tint* Poor . Fair Poor Poor Uniformity of sheen Fair to good Poor Good Fair Sample applied over strips of Enameloid, Wall Primer and Sealer, Flat Wall Paint (Rex 15185), Ken-Tone, and Decotint White for uniformity characteristics. A number of Coal Resin varnishes coded CRB-0292 , 0294 , 0315 and 0317 were submitted by the Resin Research for our evaluation. The various varnishes were tested in Wall Primer and Staler, Semi-Lustre, Enameloid and Porch and Deck Paint. The coal resin varnishes were all found to be if 1 I I -t] $ JSJ 1 0007-SWP-045145 0007-SWP-000114516 too dark in color except for Gray Porch and Deck Paints. Draw-down films on glass became very brittle after a few days' ageing. The above tests were made on freshly prepared paints and also on paints that had bean aged from one to two weeks. No difference could be detected in the elasticity of the films. Due to the poor elasticity of the coal resin varnishes when compared with varnishes such as AV-50, it is quite evident that tbs above material cannot be used in trade sales formulations. Exposure tests are under way and will be reported on at a later date. fork was continued during the month on the reformulation of SemiLustre White based on CV-116 Nelio glycerine linseed varnish and CV-7001 Nelio P.E. Sludge linseed varnish. Factory batches have been made based on a lithopone-titanium calcium pigmentation and 20 M3K as the inert. These batches were satisfactory in all respects but they were very slightly yel low in color due, at least in part, to the manganese drier present in the formula. The yellow color has been eliminated by using the lead-cobalt drier combination of the Semi-Lustre White formula dated 5-29-45. The new formulas will be sent to Cleveland within the near future to be established as alternates for Bex 210. Boain Conservation The July report mentioned that tests were under way using tallate and napbthenate driers (0.6$ Pb and 0.04$ Co) in Enameloid White, losing equal volumes (78 gallons at 60$ solids) of the varnishes (384S)E linseed modification, AV-59 (rosin-styrene) and the Nelio varnishes CV-116 (gly cerine) and CV-7001 (P.E. Sludge). We also followed Cleveland's thought of using a small amount (0.06$ Ca) of Calcium Nuolate as a stabilizing agent. The added calcium shows some tendency to increase the body of the (5848)E and AV-59 enamels in which the driers are of the tallate type, but increased degree of hardness on through dry. No evidence of seeding developed after 6 weeks' storage at either 105 F. or at room temperatures. Drying tests run after various intervals show that the AV-59 enamels set-to-touch the fastest, and dry through the hardest. There was no evidence of embrittlement of any of the films air dried on glass after six weeks. ' .* Space does not permit inclusion of all the data accumulated. Actually the interest in varnishes such as CV-116 and CV-7001 declines with the improved supply situation of pure P.E. For the sake of the record one set of data is included showing the comparisons after 6 weeks of storage of the enamels at room temperatures ranging from 74 to 94 F. 1 ?<-' ^ "> 0007-SWP-045146 */? 0007-SWP-000114517 -11- M. VAN LOO Coct. #162 - Coat. nJ No. Varnish Driers 120 J (3848)E Naph. Viscosities Ini. 6 wks.Set-to- Condition Sec. Sec, touch at 8 hrs. Condition at 24 hrs. Hr. Min. 37.4 41 1 25 Very tacky Definite tack; firm. 129 J " " + Ca 39.2 44.4 n Def.+ tack Tacky; quite hard. 130 J 131 J " Tall. 37.2 44.4 " " + Ca 41.8 49 ft it Def. tack Def.- tack;quite hard Def.- tack Slight + tack; hard. 132 J AV-59 Naph. 39.8 43.6 - 55 Tacky Slight + tack; hard. 133 J 134 J " + Ca 48.4 52 " Tall. 47.0 49 46.0 60 B SI. tack n Tacky r SI. tack SI.- tack; very hard. SI.- tack; very hard. V.sl. tack; very hard CV-116 Naph. 37.6 39 1 20 Def.- tack SI. tack; hard. 35.6 55.4 if SI. tack SI.- tack; hard. Tall. 33.6 27 n Tacky SI. tack; hard. 37.2 35 it S1.+ tack SI.- tack; hard. 27.2 26j 1 45 Def+ tack Tacky; hard. 29.4 28 it Def. tack SI. tack; very hard. Tall. 29.2 28 it Def. tack SI. + tack; hard. 32.2 28.4 it Def. tack SI. tack; very hard. on the following projects during the month: - m idem Twhi bitors Z7 - Pigment Studies tSO -> Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations #178 - Studies 0f Dark Colored House Paints #112 - Fire Hof gtrdant Paints fl.48 - Examination of White Lead . #160 -- Paintinmr of* Brick3 0007-SWP-045147 1 M. VAN LOO Cont. f\7. - Cont. Exterior Prefab Primer Cont. Varnish Vise. OJ No. Under Test #3 Or. Drying Characteristics Set-toTouch Over Night Linseed Oil Solubility' Spot Test in (340) for 1 hr. O'Nlte Dry O'Nite Dry P.V.C, 508 J X 480 SN 1172 5" 509 J GW (253) 6.4 2 Hr. Typical oil film Film removed Film si. 36 with si. rub softer under oil after 1 hr. 9 Min. Hard and tough; simi lar to 505 J " n 36 510 J RB 1220 31.2 4 Min. Film def. 36 softer RB 1209 - (CV 5006) = Styrene P. E. Phthalate RB 1215 - Styrene P. E. Phthalate - 20 length CW(2253)~ 5056 Styrene - 50$ linseed X 480 Oil - SN 1172 15% Styrene Modified Linseed RB 1220 Styrene linseed Bodx Color Solids 1? J-Z z9+ S-T Zd++t 9 9 7 7 6 hazy 50$ 70$ 100$ 100$ 100$ Exposures will be prepared using plywood exterior grade with SWP Gloss TOiite as the top coat. Regular CH 3205, which carries 11.6$ zinc oxide, will be included as well as two variations at 5',', and 0% zinc oxide to see if we can reduce the flaking from Douglas Fir plywood. #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Fiat-Tone White Work has been under way to improve the odor of Hat-Tone by the introduction of deodorized thinners. The Varnish Research Division prepared a special (3880)E using Shell's deodorized 8296 Special Mineral Spirits and Shell's 8230 Regular Base No. 1 for the (548) and (3020) normally used. The Shell thinners were found to be superior in odor to our regular (348) and (3020). Our next move will be to check our laboratory work by painting two rooms, one v;ith regular Flat-Tone and one with mat erial using the deodorized Shell thinners. Further reports will be made at the completion of the above tests. 0007-SWP-045148 0007-SWP-000114519 -20- #162 - Cont. . Semi-Lustre Work has continued during the month to determine the cause for the drop in sheen of Semi-Lustre based on (5848)E. Laboratory batches of Semi-Lustre have been made using regular (5848) E (body 0) and (3848) E blown with air for a period of 5 days. The blown (3848)2 was adjusted for weight by the addition of (548) and laboratory batches of Semi-Lustre White were made using the two varnishes. . The Semi-Lustre made from the blown (3848)E was definitely lower in sheen, than the batch made from the unblown varnish. Work on this prob'lem is being continued. {rfc ar Aged films on Porch and Floor, Enomeloid, Semi-Lustre and Interior Gloss, made from tall oil varnishes CVR 316, were checked for elasticity after six weeks of drying at room temperature. In the case of Enumeloid and Porch end Floor Enamel, the intro-, duction of the tall oil varnish produced very brittle films. -.The Inter-, ior Gloss and Semi-Lustre films, however, remained quite elastic over this period, due to the large amount of (48) used in conjunction with the tall oil varnish. A white enamel formulated with AV 96 (tall oil alkyd) end (6100) also became very brittle after 22 days. A sample of CVR 360, a special (6173) based on tall oil, was submitted by. the Varnish Research Division for test in Semi-Lustre and Porch and Floor Enamel. The above varnish was slow in. drying .and pro'duced too thin a body .for Porch and Floor Enamel or Semi-Lustre. The Varnish Research Division is continuing work to improve the drying characteristics and to produce the body of the tall oil varnish most desirable for pigmentation. Panels 10201-6 were prepared for exposure on yellow pine and ' steel, Florida end Chicago, of three Porch and Floor Enamels. The paints include Porch and Deck Point Extra Dark Slate, regular of 1-11-43 carry ing (3848)E and (6173); Rex 151 Porch and Floor Enamel Light Gray, regular of 9-26-45 with /.v 97 Rosin P.E. Maleic varnish and (6173); and a special in which CVR 516 tall oil varnish replaces the AV 97. I I I s!! J*tr 0007-SWP-045149 l 0007-SWP-000114520 i-21- M. VAN LOO Cont. Miscellaneous Tests Standard gloss panels were sent in by Cleveland for check on the instruments available at Chicago, ibis is in connection with Cleve land's standardization program. Headings and comments follow: Chgo. Hunter Panel #822 No. 45 60 Gardner Photovolt Addison-Peterson 60 X 60 OX 60 0 Bureau of Std, 60 1 21 27 22 10 - 11 14.5 14- 12.5 14 2 52 45.5 56 20 23 Si 23.5 22.4 5 40 60 49 32 30 28 56.0 34.5 34.0 32 4 47 73.5 63 47 43 41 52 46 48 46 5 50 77 73 47 55 47 55 55 51 55 6 54 84.5 83 65 67 65 67 68.5 63 70 7 56 90 95 80.,5 60.5 79 83 83 79 79 B 54 85 85 67 69 66 71.5 70 68 69 It will be noted that on many of the panels three readings were reported for the Photovolt and the Addison-Peterson gloss meters. This was done because the panels varied in some instances. The readings on the Hunter and Gardner are in very poor agreement, while both the Photo volt and Addison-Peterson instruments give readings quite similar to the results reported by the National Bureau of Standards. Panel 6 rating by the Bureau of Standards appears to be out of line. #105 -- Metal Protective' Paints Basic Lead Silicate in Metal Primers An evaluation program of basic lead silicate in metal, primers was started. The formulations used were based upon those suggested by Eagle-Picher. Salt spray tests indicated that basic lead silicate pro vides poor inhibition to rust in comparison with zinc chromate. Those primers containing zinc chromate show more blistering than where basic lead silicate is used. On salt immersion tests there seemed to be a slight superiority of basic lead silicate over zinc chromate insofar as rust inhibition is concerned. 0007-SWP-045150 Ja. 5 i 0007-SWP-000114521  JJ. -5- VAN LOO Cont. Two batches of Eex 710 Enameloid White were Bade without niin^g by adding 2% Acto 450 and replacing 547 dry by 10 aluainUB stearate gel. The pigment, Acto 450, gel, and snail amount of varnish were mixed as a moderately heavy paste on the pony mixer for 20 minutes and then reduced with the remainder of the vehicle. Using a 10% (348) aluminum stearate gel a 5-1/2 grind was obtained. Using a 105C (584) gel a 4-1/2 grind was obtained. 10% calcium stearate in (348) did not form a gel when heated; but dissolved on addition of Z% stearic acid. This Calcium stearate solu tion was Ineffective as a replacement for the aluminum stearate gel. .. In connection with the seeding problem in Enameloid, the omis sion of driers reduced the seeding only very slightly. The addition of small amounts of stearic acid, linseed fatty acids, or zinc oxide had little or no effect on seeding. 177 - Pigment Studies A review of the zinc oxide pigment listings has been made in an effort to establish the characteristics to be associated with each given dry number. First, it has been suggested that the following numbers bo canceled, since usage during the 1943-44 fiscal year was under one ton or the product did not represent an established grade. 112 ; 682 1546 115 1025 : 1550 190 1065 1565 527 1092 1607 652 1098 1845 1582 It was also suggested that 1044 dry be voided because this number covers Azo 222-22, which is also listed as 2158 dry. The later assignment is generally more familiar throughout the institution due to its wide usage in government specifications during the war period. After the above cancelations the active list of zinc oxides would be as followsi 0007-SWP-045151 0007-SWP-000114522 -4- M. VAN LOO Cont, #177 - Cont. Dry So. Type 2 French, medium color. 4 French, minimum color. it n ii Brend Name Mfr. Florence Green Seal #8 New Jersey Florence Green Seal Anaconda Florence Red Seal #9 Florence Red Seal New Jersey Anaconda *108 American, fine particle size. Horse Head XX-592 New Jersey 1415 Palmerton Process, extremely fine particle size. Kadox Slack Label #15 New Jersey 1554 Off-grade 2n0 - Any manufacturer at 6j per pound or leas, each lot subject to specific approval for given end use. 1704 American, high consistency; medium particle size; good color. Horse Head XX-55 Now Jersey 1707 American, low consistency; medium largo particle size; good color. Horse Head XX-50 New Jersey i 2059 ' American, large particle, nodular; low fines. Horse Head XX-503 New Jersey 2090 American, very fine particle size; excellent color. Horse Heed XK-101 (Used as a low cost French oxide.) Now Jersey 2138 American, large acicular. Azo Z2Z-22 2145 American, medium-large acicular. * 22Z-11 American Zinc Soles w 2202 American, fine; color is off-grade. Superior Zinc Oxide SZ 100 Superior Zinc Co. 2278 American, fine particle size. St. Joseph #50 St. Joseph 2295 American, small acicular. Azo ZZZ-33 American Zinc Soles It should be noted that this number has been variously used to cover Azo ZZZ-33, 11, Horse Head XX-2, 92, 592 and Superior 2inc Colony s SZ 100. Nith the exception of Horse Herd XX-2 and XX-92 aUof the other grades are more specifically covered by otb dry the above listing. 0007-SWP-045152 0007-SWP-000114523 -5- M. VAH LOO Cont. Classifying the above materials as to type and visage the follow ing groupings are suggested: Zinc Oxide Pigments for Interior Usage French Process 2090 " (although an American oxide, this is used by the Chicago Lacquer Dept, as a lcnr cost French oxide.) 1415 108* 1704 2090 2202 2278* *It is of interest that 108 dry and 2278 dry are to a great extent being used as intermediates; 108 at Bound Brook, 2278 at the Chicago Dry Color Department. Zinc Oxide Pigments for Exterior Usage.- American Process (Note: See report for November. 1945, page 11 for preference listings for SUP usage.; Acieular Oxides 2158 dry 2145 " 2295 " Normal round or nodular oxides 2059 dry 1707 dry Azo 55 (no dry number assignment) It is suggested that standard Bnnples of each of the above materials be set up so that any new products nay be tested end fitted to the established line-up as equivalents to be listed under an estab lished number or to prevent listing of dissimilar materials under one number. 0007-SWP-045153 0007-SWP-000114524 M. VAH LOO Cont. Comment on the above outline of zinc oxide pigments is invited 3ince the purpose is to simplify our zinc oxide picture. It should be understood that none of the moves recommended above are official without Cleveland's sanction. #164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduce Dirt Collection During the past year certain complaints have been received from widely separated points on SRP Gloss Ibite. The complaints were occasioned by a yellow discoloration of the chalk after protracted rainy periods, and the discoloration is-said to disappear during subsequent sunny weather. A strong possibility has now developed that this is due to the use of the rutile titanium' oxides Ti-Pure R 200 or Titanox RA-10-M0. As' contributing evidence it has been found that one coat house paints, early oil conservation SUP formulations, and certain "post-war" formulations, all employing 2175 or 2269 7102's, were more susceptible to copper and rust staining than the 4-8-42 pre-war SWP which carried anatase Ti02, 1403 dry. Panels of house paint formulations carrying rutile TiOa exposed to the Weather-Ometer to the point of definite chalk ing show a distinctly yellow chalk compared with anatase TiOa. Certain exposure panolB containing rutile Ti02 exposed in Florida exhibited this same yellow discoloration. Evidence on this point is not conclusive and we would appreciate being' informed of any observations by other laboratories on this phenomenon. The following points may be cited: 1. The yellowing has been observed only in relatively few cases. It is reported to be a temporary condition which appears only after pro longed rainy periods and disappears in sunny weather. 2. It appears only in films weathered to the point of chalking. The yellowing is in the chalk and may be wiped off, leaving a white film underneath. 4. The yellowing apparently is not noticeable whan approximately half of the Ti02 is introduced as anatase, as has been the case with most of our production. . 5. The yellowing may be due to traces of iron. If so, considerable time will be required to revise production methods to eliminate this defect. Similar observations of yellowing have been reported by both Titanium Pigment Corporation and the du Pont Pigment Division. 0007-SWP-Q45154 0007-SWP-000114525 -10- M. VAN LOO Cont. #165 - Cont. A series of one coat house paints of the T.P.C. type, panels 8050-7 F were examined after 18 months' exposure in Florida, as well as a duplicate series 7544-51 CS, CN exposed for 22 months in Chicago. All are over 450 Ondercoater, using formulations agreed on after con sultation with Ur. Fasig to utilize certain of the T.P.C. ideas but with Lowe Brothers' and S-W vehicles. There are three groups, (a) high p.v.o, at 55% with 15% 2173 dry and 45% leaded zinc, (b) normal p.v.c. at 29% with increased leaded zinc and less inert, and (c) low p.v.c. at 22%, eliminating inert. There are certain vehicle variations. At this stage all differences are slight and ell p.v.c.'s are performing satisfactorily at both/locations. The lower p.v.c.'s are showing a slightly lower chalking rate but this has not affected the appearance seriously. ThiB set is interesting since all the panels show some of the yellowing described earlier, but some are striking. There are no clues as to why there are these differences in color. Instructions were written up for the preparation of exposure panels testing all of the plaints used in the 1945 house painting program, #77 - Mildew Inhibitors Suggestions were passed on to Cleveland regarding the idea of making all SUP mildew resistant, together with certain ideas on. label statements and recommendations for reductions. #146 - Examination of fthitB Lead A meeting of the White Lead Research Committee was held in Now York City on December 5, and much of the work on white lead carbonate presented in the last report was placed before that committee, and addi tional work planned. A meeting was arranged with the research laboratory of the National Lead Company to discuss exposure performance of co-fumed leaded zincs versus mechanical mixtures. Arrangements have been made for tho preparation of experimental paints for exposure, including pigmentations involving National's acicular basic sulfate white lead, high tinting strength lead carbonate end basic lead silicate. Panels 7580-7 F were examined after 24 months' exposure in Florida comparing 414 Leaded Zinc (a composite of production) with 152Q Leaded Zinc in SWP tint base. Performance is approximately equivalent to date, with the 414 showing slightly more adherent chalk and thereforo greater fading. 0007-SWP-045155 0007-SWP-000114526 -12- M. VAN LOO Cont. Photographs were made of the remainder of the series involved In the booklet "Leaded Zinc House Paint Exposures" prepared in February, 1945. Final prints are not yet finished. - Exterior Primers Because of requests from various builders of prefabricated houses for a fast drying exterior primer for plywood, work was started to further improve the drying characteristics of CH 3285 - Exterior Prefab Primer. In connection with this problem, the Re3in Research Department submitted certain styrene varnishes mentioned in the last monthly report, and which are again listed below. These liquids were compared with Off (1585) - Bilinco 101 for drying and recoatability, The styrene var nishes were tested individually and in conjunction with 1-480 Oil, SN 1172 (15^ styrene modified linseed) and CW (2253) which is Dow's X-356 Oil (50^ styrene - 50jS linseed). The special liquids under test were: RB 1209 (CV 5006) - Styrene P.E. Phthalate RB 1215 "" " RB 1220 - Styrene Linseed The recoatability of the primers with Rex 471 SWP Gloss White after intervals of 5, 10 and 50 minutes is listed in the chart below, as well as the film characteristics after 17, 22 end 35 days on .003" primer draw-down films on glass. As indicated from the data, it appears that the styrene varnishes will become too brittle upon exposure for good durability. From the standpoint of recoatability they are not as satisfactory as the Bilinco 101 CW (1585) used in the regular formula. The styrene varnishes set harder and slightly faster than CW (1585) but when they ore recoated with house paint during the early drying period the finish coat dries with a low and uneven sheen. Primer Varnish Ho. . Under Test 492 J RB 1215 504 J RB 1215 505 J CW (2253) RB 1215 Exterior Prefab Primer Zinc Oxide Recoat with Rex 471 after: Content P.V.C. 5 Min. 10 Bin. 30 Min, 11.6* tl n 46.7% 56.6% n P to F ft 11 P to F n it P to F ft ft 0007-SWP-045156 0007-SWP-000114527 -14- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Faint Formulation Hat-Tone A sanple of Durafilm Flat Yfhi te - Rex DF 60, formula 10-29-45, t o e compared for trashing, flow, drying, washability and uniformity of tint and sheen with Flat-Tone White Rex 810. Flat-Tone was rated good under all these captions, while Durnfilm had good brushing qualities and uniformity of tint on laps, hut was deficient in flow, drying, uni formity of sheen, and washability over glue size. Laboratory batches of Rex 26573 - #73 Flat White wall paint were prepared on the basis of formulas submitted by Newark representing the formulations of April, 1942 and February, 1944. The 1942 formula was pigmented with anatase titanium calcium in a vehicle of (48), (2381), (2325) and (797), while the 1944 formula carries both Titanox RC HT and lithopone in a vehicle largely (3848)e extended slightly with (316), The 1944 formula was definitely superior in brushing, flow, drying, uniform ity of sheen and tint, and washability. Because of the shortage of Dehydrol, efforts have been made to find a temporary substitute for (3880) E in the Flat-Tone formulation. The work to date indicates that c combination of CW (1996), Linogel, end the alkyd (4103), mode from soya or linseed, should be satisfactory cs a replacement for Dehydrol. Work will be continued on this problem. After 14 months of storage no differences in suspension pro perties were detected between batches of Flat-Tone White made on the pebble mill or by mixing only. The above paints were made with Titanox RC HT-X (improved wetting type) and Lcsomite (10 dry) or 1989 dry. Samples of Flat-Tone White made with regular Metro-Nite 2201 dry or micronized Hetro-Nite as the inert, wore examined after 8 months' storage. Both samples were found to be similar to the regular inert combination of Micro-Velva A - 2188 dry and 20 L dry, with respect to package condition and body characteristics. Washability tests on the above paints indicated that regular Metro-Nite and the micronized MetroNite are both slightly superior to the 2188 and 20 L dry combination when the flats ore applied over glue size. Some work was done during December on the development of a paste wall paint that could be reduced with thinner or varnish for use as a stipple and brushing flat, semi-gloss paint, wall primer and sealer, or enamel undercoater. As a starting point, the paste paint has been formulated similar to the new Paintercraft One Coat Flat #10, with rutile titanium calcium end titanium dioxide in the pigmentation .-.nd (3880)E and CW (1996) , linogel, as the principal constituents in the vehicle. 0007-SWP-045157 0007-SWP-000114528 -15- ^ ^ V; .. . ' ")t> M, VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. A number of varnishes, such as (4100), (4105), (2030)S, " A'.Si-:'CW (1296), and combinations of (48) and (1157), were tested as reducing ,,,, liquids for the above paste. Up to the present time, however, we have not found a reducing liquid that would be satisfactory for all these. purposes. Work will be continued on this problem. Semi-Lustre The four experimental varnishes listed below have been tested in the Semi-Lustre Ivory formula of 10-26-43 and the Porch and Floor Enamel Light Gray formula of 9-26-45. CVR 374 - Standard (6173). CVR 396 - Standard (6173) plus 2% Zinc Resinate. CVR 390 - (6173) made from Tall Oil. CVR 387 - (8173) made from Tell Oil + 2JS Zinc Resinate. These varnishes were compared for drying, brushing, flow end film characteristics in the above formulations. In the Semi-Lustre formula, we obtained low sheens on all tests compared with the accepted standard. The viscosities, flow, drying and brushing properties ore recorded in the chart below: Batch Varnish Under Test Semi-Lustre Ivory (Formula 10-26-43) Viscosity #3 Orifice Fresh 24 Hr. 8 Days Flow Drying Set-to- Over touch Night Brushine 559 J CVR 374 26.8" 26.8" - 32.5" Good 25 min. Hard Charccteristic 560 J 561 J 562 J it 596 17.4 ti 590 16 ft 387 20 15,2 14.4 18.4 18.3 15.419.5 If tl It tt If n Hard tt tl Def. less pull than reg. In Porch end Floor Jharael, based on'AV 97 and (6173), viscosity relationships were obtained similar to the Semi-Lustros. However, the differences were not as large duo to the snaller gallonage of each var nish used. 0007-SWP-045158 0007-SWP-000114529 -16- #162 - Coni. Varnish Batch Under Test M. VAN LOO Oont. Porch and Floor Bnanel Viscosity #3 Orifice Fresh 24 Hr. 8 Days Flow Drying Set-to- Over touch Night Brush ing 555 J 556 J 557 J 558 J CVR 374 " 396 390 " 387 27.2" 26" 22.2 20.5 21.4 19.8 23.4 22.2 27.4" OK 60 min. Hard 21.7 II 65 " II 20.8 II 70 " If 23.2 II 70 " 11 OK II n M Water and 1% soap tests run on the above enamels indicated about equal resistance for each. These results do not favor the use of (6173) in Semi-Lustre. If a tall oil type of vehicle is to be used, we would prefer to revert to the Semi-Lustre formula of 8-7-45, Alternate A, card No. 1 for Rex 201, and the formula of 9-25-45 for Rex 210, both of which are based on CV 82 and CV 83. ,003" draw-down films on glass were Dade on the Porch and Floor Enamels to check the film properties on aging. After 14 days the enanel made from standard (6173) produced a good ribbon. The standard (6173) |i made with Z% zinc resinate and the two toll oil variations were slightly harder at the 14 day period, but were considered satisfactory for elasti city. Enameloid A sample of Magnesium Silicate SF was submitted by Harry Holland and Son, Inc. to check against Hultifex MM and Witcarb R to prevent the sagging of alkyd enamels. Magnesium Silicate SF is reported to run be tween 4 and 5 microns in particle size. Enamels were made on the regular Rex 710 formula, dated 9-19-45, except for the introduction of 25 pounds of Multifex MM - 2209, Witcart R r or Magnesium Silicnte SF over and above the regular yield of 100 gallons. The standard formula was also made and used as a guide. Viscosity in creases due to the addition of the inerts were not large and gloss and grinding characteristics were not affected. The introduction of Magnesium Silicate SF in Enameloid gave results very similar to those with Multifex KM with respect to the retardation of flow and film characteristics. Nitcarb R gave only a moderate control of flow and showed some signs of sagging, similar to the standard formula. 0007-SWP-045159 j i ` l ,{ 1 } > 0007-SWP-000114530 -17- H. VAN LOO Cont. #152 - Cont. With respect to the drying properties of the above enamels, it was quite evident that the introduction of 2209, Witcarb R or Magnesium Silicate SF produced harder films on over night drying. The harder films also showed less whitening on the water spot test compared with regular Enamel oid TOiite. A sample of Falkyd Resin B-41 end a sacple of white enamel made from Falkyd Solution B-41 were submitted by Folk and Company for inspec tion. The Falkyd Resin B-41 is a medium oil length alkyd reported to have the highest resistance to yellowing available in a drying oil type material. It contains approximately 32*1 phthalic anhydride and is re ported to be free from natural resins, phenolics and other modifiers. The Falk enamel was compared with Kem-Namel Snow TOiite Eggshell (Rex 99) and Enaneloid White based on the alkyd formulation. The Falk enamel was similar to Enaneloid TOiite on most tests, but was not as good on soap resistance. Panels have been prepared -to determine the non yellowing properties which will be reported on at a later date. The Falk enamel was found to have controlled flow and performed quite well on most tests. Data on Enamel Tests OJ 517 J Interior NonYellowing Gloss Enamel - Falk and Co. Formula Rex 99 - Kem-Namel Snow White Eggshell Cleveland Sample Rex 710 - C 3315 S-W Enaneloid White Varnish Falkyd Solu tion B-41 V 15597 and (4103) (3109) end (4100) Weight per Gallon A 10.32 A 12.19 A 9.58 Vise, at 75 F. #3 Set-to-touch 40" 2 hr. 15 min. 26.8" 50 min. 35" 2 hr. 15 min. Condition after 4 hr. Definite tack " " 7 hr. Slight tack " " 24 hr. Tack-free Slight tack Very slight tack Tack-free Slight tack. Very slight tack Tack-free Sward Hardness: 24 hr. 48 hr. 5 9. 5 6 7 9 Cont. 0007-SWP-045160 0007-SWP-000114531 -18- #162 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. OJ 517 J Interior NonYellowing Gloss Enamel - Falk and Co. Formula Rex 99 Xen-Qmmel Snow White Eggshell Cleveland Sample Rex 710 - C 5515 S-W Enaraeloid White Printing after 48 hr. Very slight 1 lb./sq. in. for 24 hr. OK Absent OK Very slight OK Cold water for 24 hr. (After 24 hr. dry) Definite + Immediately . Water spotting Slight + Definite Recovery from Cold Water Test after 2 hr. Almost complete Slight recovery No recovery \% Soap Solution for 3 hr. (After Drying for 48 hr.) 1 Hr. Def. whitening 3 Hr. n Definite+ Bad 'Absent Absent Recovery from Soap Tost after 2 hr. No recovery No recovery Boiling Water-S Minutes Def. dulling Bad dulling Very slight Film after 48 Hr. Dry OK Film brittle OK Film after 30 days dry O.K. Good ribbon ' Very brittle Rather short The Falkyd enamel requires a percentage of a special solvent such as Solvesso #3 or Union Solvent #40 for best performance, which may rule it out for trade sales. However, it has been suggested to Cleveland that this resin solution merits further investigation. A rc-examination 7/as made of storage samples of Rex 710 Eneneloid White using different vehicle and drier combinations. The various drier combinations are as follows: A. 2-3/4 gal. (4230) 1 gal. (4232) Naphthenate Driers B. 2-3/4 ' C. 2-3/4 " D. 2-3/4 " (4230) 1 (5230) 1 (5230) 1 " (4232) (5232) (5232) 1 gal. Z% Ca Nuolate Tallate Driers 1 gel. Z% Ca Nuolate 0007-SWP-045161 0007-SWP-000114532 -19- /162 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. Bex 710 Drier and Seeding Tests 4-1/2 Months' Storage at Boon Temperature Lab Drier Set-to- 7 Hr. 24 Hr. No. Mix Vehicle Vise. Touch Tack Tack CVR 206 128 A (3848)E 56.8" 1:10 Def. Def. 129 B II 56.0 1:15 1) Def.- 130 C 11 52.6 2:00 Def. + Def. 131 D 11 56.2 2:00 Def. Slight 24 Hr. Through Dry Seeding Settlinr Soft It Soft Pirn - . None V.V.S. None H Soft If Slight Soft* 132 A AV 59 63.0 1:55 133 B !| 60.0 1:40 134 C n 54.0 1:40 135 D T! 62.6 1:40 Def. - (1 11 n Slight Fim Slight - H Def. - ' Finn - Slight - Firm Hone V. si. None V.V.S. V. hard Hard* V. bard Soft* 136 A CV 116 50.8 1:25 .137 B tl 42.0 1:55 138 C 11 39.6 1:50 .139 D n 47.6 1:50 : 140 A CV 7001 36.0 2:10 :141 i 142 145 B C D n 34.0 2:10 n 33.6 2:10 n 37.6 2il0 4- ' Skinned in half--filled package. Def. Slight Def. SI. + Slight V. si. V. si. V.V.S. Def. + Def. + Bad Def. Def. Slight Def. V. si. Firm Hard Hard n Hard Hard Hard Hard None Slight None It None II II 11 V. hard Hard Hard Slight V. hard It Hard Slight It appears that calcium naphthenate does not prevent seeding by stabilizing driers, but does increase hardness and improves suspension. The AV 59 samples show some retardation of set-to-touch drying on storage, and AV 59 and (5848)E have lost considerably in through drying. Mi scellaneous Laboratory batches of SHP doss White, Enameloid White and FlatTone Yfliite made rath naphthenate and octoate drierB have been checked for drying after ten weeks of storage. As previously reported only ninor dif ferences have been noted on past reading. The comparative drying tines nflien fresh, and at 7, 30 and 70 days of storage are reported below: 0007-SWP-045162 0007-SWP-0001  -20- M. VAN LOO Cont, Formula No. Tvoe of Paint Drying Time - Set-to-touch When Pre- After After After wared 7 Days 50 Days 70 Days Hr. Min. Si' Min. Hr. Min. Hr. Min. Drier Used 266 J Flat-Tone White - 25 - 51 - 50 - 45 Ncphthenntes 287 J II II - 25 - 51 - 50 - 45 Octoates 288 J Enaraeloid White 1 35 2 2 289 J 11 If 1 45 1 52 2 15 2 10 2 45 Nnphthenntes 2 20 Octoates 291 J SWP Gloss White 5 IS 5 25 292 J M If II 5 5 5 20 5 40 5 20 6 22 Naphthenates 5 47 Octoates I 1 Earlier reports of no advantages Octonte driers are confirmed. the use of A comparison record is being made of viscosities run on the S-W Conical Flowmeter and the Stonner viscosimeter, using the off-set paddle. So far it appears cup viscosities are relative to Stonner readings within a given type of paint only. There is no apparent rela tion between house paints and enamels. Work continues. #105 - Metal Protective Paints There have been a few cases recently in which tide range expo sure results did not duplicate laboratory teat3. In order to simulate the tide range exposure a series of panels was exposed to 5? salt spray and 3j salt immersion, allowing for a 2-hour exposure to a carbon arc each 48 hours. At the same time this alternate exposure was in progress, control panels were maintained on continuous exposure in the salt spray and immersion tests. Nine primers which were included in the test w.ere primarily vehicle variations with the pigmentation of Kromik Primer. In the salt spray test3, continuous exposures were more severe than alternate expo sures except in two cases which showed considerable disagreement. Cor relation of blistering between the two types of exposures was good. Tho 3? salt immersion tosts have not shown as great a degree of failure ns the salt spray tests, but here the alternate exposures have failed more rapidly than the continuous exposures. Failures on the two exposures "were in proportion to each other . 0007-SWP-045163 0007-SWP-000114534 -12- U. VAN LOO Coat. ^77 - -Wlrint? Inhibitors Laboratory evaluation of fungicides for exterior paints is being resumed. Various agents which have been placed on exterior expo sure in recent years will be tested in SKP by laboratory procedure. A % cample of phenyl mercuric naphthonate (36$ Hg) from F. 19. Berk end Company has been received for test in exterior house paint formulations.. Paints have been prepared for exposure using this agent and CW (2119) phenyl mer curic naphthenate (Nuocide 321) supplied by Nuodex, in concentrations equivalent to 0.04$ Hg based on the total paint solids. The two agents have also been introduced at 0.02$ Hg in SWP 450 Undercoater. Panels 10367-9 C, F have been prepared for exposure in Florida raid Chicago comparing cuprous oxide end copper bomophthalate in Rex 54 Bain Paint of March 10, 1942, tf!2 - Exterior Primers Exposures 3014-17 CD, CY were examined after 5 years' exposure, vertical south, at Chicago, with Douglas fir end yellow pine siding being used. The following systems ore tested: Rex 450 Undercoater-Rex 450Rex 471 doss Uhitej Aluminum Primer-Rex 450-Rex 471 Gloss Khite (AlcoaLowe Bros, formula); Rex 450-Rex 471. The 2-coat work is nearly eroded to the wood. The 3-coat jobs are roughly equivalent; a slight advantage on the part of aluminum in. resistance to. crocking end erosion is at least counteracted by the dork "show-through." A careful cross-check of the several samples of each kind of wood shoos no evidence for the supposed superiority of aluminum on rosinouB woods. . Panels 10370-2 C, F were prepared for exposure comparing Celite 110, Celite 281 and Bicclite L in SUP 450 Undercoater. 162 - Studies in Flat Wan Paint Formulation Flat-Tone Due to the shortage of Dehydrol and titanium pigments, work has been instituted to develop a formula for ELat-Tone based on lithopone and Ti02. in the vehicle, regular Dehydrol (3880)B was replaced by a linseed (5880)E (CV 7014). As a.second variation a combination of CV 5021 (linseed alkyd) and CTf (1996), Linogel, was used for the vehicle solids. 0007-SWP-045164 -15- M. VAN LOO Coni, #162 - Coni. The special formulations referred to above were found satis factory for brushing, flow, drying and uniformity of tint end sheen. Hov-ever, from the standpoint of washability over glue size, the aliydLinogel vehicle was rated poor and the linseed (3860)E only fair 08 com pared with regular (5880) E. Washability Test over Glue Size Batch Rax 810 Formula Pigment Vehicle Number of rubs required to break the film .OJ 606 J Formula - 2132 dry Regular (3880)E No break at 200 rubs; 8-28-45 (Dchydrol) very good. 0J 668 J Special 1403 dry CVR 437 - (3880)E : 461 L based on linseed 125 rubs - fair. OJ 669 J Special 1405 dry CVR 5021 461 L CT7 (1996) 75 rubs - poor. The various formulations that have been developed based on lithopone and pure titanium dioxide, are aU higher in cost than the regular formula based on all rutile titanium calcium. ' . Cost and hiding relationship on experimental formulas are as follows; % m- Batch Flat-Tone Hiding Pigment Vehicle ~ Hiding Cost 0J 606 J Formula 495# 2152 dry Regular (3880)E 18,315 07ll63 8-28-45 , . (Dehydrol) OJ 584 JJ Special ' 495# 2132 dry CV 5021,--r. CW (1996) 18,515 72.31 OJ 647 J If 495# 2132 dry Linseed*(3880)E 18,515 75.87 CVR 437 OJ 660 J 11 750# 461 L 50# 2173 CV 5021 CW (1996) 18,275 ' 86.24 (Cont.) 0007-SWP-045165 0007-SWP-0001 'aaukmMd^k. -14-- M. VAN LOO ____ Coni. #162 - Cant. Batch FIs, fc-Tone Hiding Pigment Vehicle Hiding Cost OJ 646 J Special OJ 668 J " 750# 461 L 50# 2178- 55Q# 461 L 190# 1405 Linseed (5880)E CVR 457 n 18,275 ' 88.46 18,545 91.09 s .c OJ 669 J " 550# 461 L 190# 1403 CV 5021 CW (1996) 18,345 87.31 From the above data it is quite evident that rutile titanium cal cium is the most desirable pigmentation to use based on hiding units per dollar, and (3880) E, Dehydrol formula, is superior to the linseed (5880)E or the alkyd--Linogel vehicle in uniformity of tint and- wcahubility over glue size. Mr In addition to the tentative formulations for flat-Tone White, a number of panel exhibits and wet samples of the following materials were supplied for the Trade Sales meeting held in Cleveland the last port of January. Proposed Flat-Tone White Bex 810 - batch OJ 618 J. , Present Flat-Tone White Rex 810 - batch OJ 606 J. Proposed One Coat Flat #10 Rex 65310 u 0J 198 J. Present One Coat Hat #10 Rex 65310 *' OJ 620 J. - ihe four flats compare ns follows for hiding and cost: " Cost Hiding Quits V/P 1. Plat-Tone White - 0J 606 J : ` - :071*44 18,315 ` .81 2. Proposed Flat-Tone White, batch 0J 618 J 81.41 22,400 .83 3. Paintercrsft One Coat Flat #10, 0J 620 J 79.36 21,090 . .82 4. Proposed One Coat Flat #10, 0J 198 J 92.77 27,950 .73 Three experimental reducing varnishes were submitted by the Varnish Research Division for evaluation in the formulation of a Painter. craft Universal Paste .for reduction for use as a flat, semi-glo3s or gloss wall paints, wall primer and sealer and enamel undercoater* The varnishes include: 0007-SWP-045166 rn.-g..i?v4 > -15- M. VAN 100 Cont. #152 - Cont. CVH 453 - A 22 gallon glycerol-maleic-resin linseed varnish, 80S! solids. CVR 434 - Similar to CVR 435. CVR 458 - A 25 gallon Pentelyn A - Debydxol Varnish. Based on the work to date, it appears that a universal paste con be formulated to serve the purposes outlined above. CVR 438 shows ` the greatest promise as the reducing varnish. Work continues. .. Senl-Lustre j/HV' to connection with the establishment of a new specification for kerosene, a number of tests have been made in the Semi-Lustre formula to determine the effect on sheen when Deodorized Apco 467 (Commerce Petroleum - Company) and #8250 Regular Base #1 (Shell Oil Co.) are used. ! -AM.. "JV - t-iiVw: r 121. , . the above thinners were fractionated in a manner similar, to earlier tests conducted with (5020). The two thinners and their various fractions were then introduced for the volatile content of the SemiLustra formula dated 9-5-44. This formula is based on (3848) and has always shown variations in sheen based on the thinner used. j ' Ui general, the above thinners behaved very similar to (5020) with respect to the degree of sheen Then used 100$ in the Seni-Lustre formulation. As in the case with (5020), the highest sheen was obtained with the lowest boiling fractions and the lowest sheen with the higher boiling fractions. The Kauri-Butanol values for the above thinners end their fractions are very close in value and do not show any relationship with the variations in sheen obtained with the various fractions. . Based on the limited work done with (5020), Apco 467 and Shell's Base Ho. 1, there does not appear to be any particular advantage in having a thinner in the kerosene range, with a Kauri-Butanol value as high as that of (3020). From the standpoint of sheen the Semi-Lustre batches made with unfractionated (3020) and (l4l) were equally low, with' Apco 467 and Siell's Base #1, in the above order, resulting in slightly less sheen. #105 - Metal Protective Points The most favorable environment in which to produce filiform corrosion has been found to be the air over. 1$ acetic acid solution at room temperature. There must be a free access of fresh air to the 0007-SWP-Q45167 2- - M. VAN LOO Cont. //IBS - Coni. No difference were noted in production rate or wetting effect. However, the samples have been referred to the producers to determine ahat degree of uniformity of shipments can be anticipated. Sr. ft48 - Examination of White Lead ' . - t As a further step in this study w b have prepared some multiple pigment pastes to compare with the single pigment pastes previously examined. These two pigment pastes are equal-volume mixtures calculated to produce a milled paste of 50 Plas tograph units based on the oil re quirements of the.individual pigments. For example, 18.dry basic carbon ate,white lead requires a total of 109.0 gallons of oil per 100 gallons of-pigment to produce a plasticity of 50. Therefore, 50 gallons of 18 dry require 54.5 gallons. 50 gallons of 1405 dry TI0-, require 162.5; gallons of oil and empirically a mixture of 50? 18 dry. and 50? 1405 dry by;volume should require 217 gallons oil per 100 gallons pigment, pro vided there is no soap formation involved and the oil requirements are simply the arithmetical mean of the components. The plasticities actu ally obtained are. shown in the following table. s. Lbs. Pigment Plasticity - - per 10ft/ Oil Peak 20 Min. Mix Pony Mix ^ Milled 1405 dry Ti03 20 F Mg.-Silicate fP- 1405 dry TiOz 18 dry. B.C.W.L. 18 dry *.*. 20. F . B.C.V/.L. Mg. Silicate .85 . . .-150 .. . . 49 : .-59 62 \ r . : .-aoc, vor . ; r: ; i sf-;: 95 360 >- - 67:vO.: - Pr`r..vi:T.ry39 166 - .. . i - V: 268 115 ... ,210 - : 70 y-, t:50 >.' . . ,159 :'T. > VVr- ` > t. + Referring to.the data.given for the.individual.pigments in., last month's report it is noted that -the peak, 20 minute mix, pony mix, and milled paste plasticities are all lower thnn the.average of the-.two-, single pigments. The milled paste plasticities are lower .than the 60 units obtained with each cf the single pigments. <.- . (1403 dry and 20 F) Brookfield Determinations 20 Minute ivdx Pony Mix \ Milled Yield Plastic Thixo- field Plastic Thixo- Yield Plastic Thixo- Value .Vis- tropy Value Vis. .trEZ Value Vis. troov 12 25 3 - - 16.5 18 3 (1403 dry 18 dry) 25.5 30 12 - 18.0 14 2 (18 dry and cn S 11.5 23 1 10.0 17 1 r" oo o -S W p -0 4 5 2 8 0007-SWP-000114539 3- - H. VAH LOO Cont. ff.48 - Coni. Comparing this data with the figures for single pigments it is noted that: (l) the plastic viscosities of the milled pastes axe lower than the values for the single pigments; (2) ;the plastic visco sity of the mixed pastes are always lower than the average of the two . single pigments; (5) the yield value is always much higher than the ~ average of the two single pigments; (4) the thixotropy is always much lower than the average of the two single pigments. - W': It has been noted that the consistency of a paste of diatoma- & '. . ceous inert in reduced blown linseed oil is much lower after the addi P?: tion of lithopone. A heavy paste of 200 grams of Celite 1552 dry in (1752) was mixed on. the Plastograph. ; When 200 grams of lithopone 461 L were added the consistency was lowered Blightly and the flow was very ' much increased. After addition of 1000 grams of 461 L the consistency - was still no higher than the original Celite paste alone. ' This same effect was noted to a lesser degree when other white pigments were added to 1552 dry. t .. . .. -A'- L.I.A. Adhesion Tests : Several difficulties have been encountered in developing the : technique of measuring the adhesion of a paint film to its base mater- ial by gluing end grain blocks to the paint film and applying force to |',the surface until thepaint film ruptures. ; It is necessary to'use end .grain blocks to eliminate failure of the blocks under stress. However, end grain blocks, being very porous/ absorb water;from the glue mix / before it sets, thereby reducing itB strength markedly. Preliminary sealers were tried out in an attempt to eliminate this absorption. ^ Shellac, clear and pigmented, as well as precoats of the urea formalde hyde glue containing higher percentages'of water wore tried. To date, best results have been obtained by applying a precoat of a 5Q&-5Q5C gluewater mixture to the blocks and allowing them to dry over night before gluing them to the paint film with the regular 665&--SS?S'glue-water mix. It was also difficult to obtain good bonding between the paint film and lie gluo. Sanding the painted surface helped but usually it was necessary to remove almost oil of the top coat in order to eliminate the brush marks and get a smooth surface. As a result many failures occurred between primer said top coat instead of between primer and wood. Vigorous rubbing of the surface with a cloth containing (548) removed the oily surface ft In end presented a fairly good surface for gluing. 0#l. 0007-SWP-045169 0007-SWP-000114540 -4- M. VAN LOO Cont. fehafl - Pont. SSSHidi- Using the latter method it was possible to remove from 75% to 0f a 2-weeks old Bex 450-Rex 471 film on pine wood. Hie force ^required varied from 300 to 400 Ibs./sq.in. It is interesting to note I'that with an edge grain cedar panel, from 50 to 90% of the failure was Pibod failure, usually confined to the spring wood. The force required . !foh cedar was from 200 to 300 lbs./sq.in. In evaluating various films it will be necessary to average results on a number of tests in which ot least 90% of the film is removed from the wood. |P*.. Preliminary testa on blistered films in which the edges of jtblisters large enough to give a uniform surface for testing were trimmed giand 'the film lightly pressed back onto the wood, indicate that thede- " se of re-adhcsion is slight. A film subjected to high temperature and l^steam for about a week did not possess measurable re-adhesion. Rex 450- f Rex 471 panels placed in a water bath and subjected to .ultraviolet light or'about 3 days showed adhesion, after a week's recovery, of from 30 - |i00-lbs./sq.in. It .appears logical that the longer a filn is distended ' the higher the "temperature the greater the cure with less re-adhesion. ^Attempts will be made to develop other methods of producing large blis ters rapidly without too great a curing of .the film.. 1177 - Pigment Studies Jp:,' 'Work continues on the study of white pigment opacity factors. iSt'JUu. V:- ; ... te -i?.- ; paint Type I - Bouse Paint - Single pigments plus extender ' ' 'formulated to 13,000 Holley units. P.V.C. constant.at 36% . . by addition of 20 F magnesium silicate. k,-. Determinations during February: fjjPite-' f--.. 'Dry No. ' m.fr . . r*461 L Lithopono ' *&alv* ^*1538 H Zinc Sulfide . Onneltv So.Ft. A.b. Bright- ness 91% CR 93% CR 95% CR 97% CR 98% CR .66.6 65.4 . 56.1 40.0 - 85.6 161.0 137.0 113.0 101.0 - ; **2030 Ti02 Semi-noncfcali 68.4 35.0 205.0 176.0 150.0 128.0 **2061 Ti02 "A NC" 85.7 202.0 179.0 154.0 129.0 117.0 ' 2059 ZnO "XX 503l! 79.5 33.9 29.4 24.9 - - *2132 Titanox RC HT 87.2 108.0 93.2 78.7 63.4 - *2140 Titanox RC 87.0 113.0 95.8 79.5 66.0 57.7 0007-SWP-045170 0007-SWP-000114541 .-5- M. VAN LOO Pont. 40.77 - Cont. ^Hiding values have been checked once. *#Hiding values have been double checked. Formulators should not use any of the opacity figures given in this work until the pigments have been studied in a variety of materials. In instances of the kind described above the considerable extension given the high opacity pigments may distort the results. This will clear up when the' enamels are prepared. In the meantime data is being reported to keep those who are interested informed on the work. In addition to the above, work was continued on the evaluation of-.'titanium vs. titanium calcium pigments as regards opacity. Results of these tests are not conclusive at this writing. v- Photographs were made at five and ten diameters to illustrate comparative failures of mechanical mixtures of lead and zinc pigments as contrasted with co-fumed leaded zinc. These are -intended for use in a bulletin to .be prepared by the Auxiliaries Department. ...... .... . Opacity brush-outs show Rex 471 made with 2059 dry, XX 505 zinc oxide to be similar to a standard Rex 471 made using 412 dry'leaded zinc'oxide, ......... ....................................................... - Opacity comparisons showed that 1405 dry anatase Ti02 could bo substituted for 2175 dry rutile TiOz at equal dollar value'in SUP Gloss White without lowering the practical hiding perceptibly. L: At .present ithe Ti02 is e 50/50 mixture of 1403 and 2173 dries. #97 - SKP 471 Work has been continued to determine the effect'of metaldrierconcentrations on the kauri reduction-values of the vehicle in SHPGloss White formula of 10-4-43. As stated in last month's report there'is ; h some question regarding the validity of selection of drier ratios based on kauri reduction values for the paint vehicle. It is hoped that from the data obtained from exposure' tests and from the kauri reduction values an optimum drier combination my be selected that will give good drying with the maximum of durability, The kauri reduction values have been determined on the vehicle taken from the frbshly prepared paints. The results of the tests to date indicate that the lead driers give the highest kauri reduction values and manganese driers the lowest values. Rhen the lead drier is decreased to ono-holf the regular amount, no increase in the kauri re duction value T7as evident. However, when the percentage of lead was doubled, the kauri reduction value dropped from 360?! to 540?. In the ; case of manganese, the kauri reduction value was higher with half of the regular metal and also dropped when twice the regular amount of metal was introduced. 0007-SW P-045171 0007-SWP-0001 1 -10- M. VAN LOO Coni. #12 - Pont. "These, on regular plywood, are in bad condition; about an equal number of similar systems were already bad at & months. A sample of Shell's Tolusol vras compared with (1686) in Prefab Primer CH 3285 and found to be a very satisfactory replacement. ffL62 - Studies in Flat Ifeil Paint Fortaulation Plat-Tone Flat-Tone White, Rex 810, has been made on the pony mixer, without milling, using 7$ Acto 450 based on the pigment weight. The 5 pounds 547 dry in the regular formula were increased to 9 pounds and added in the form of a 10^ gel in (548). The grind was 2 R and the gloss much higher than the regular. Net hiding and color was slightly better than the regular and dry hiding and color slightly poorer. A sample of NV 1782, Newark's variation of CV 7014 has been compared with regular CV 7014 in Flat-Tone White. The Newark produc tion wa3 similar to CV 7014 for brushing, flow and drying but was poor in washability. Regular Hat-Tone made with Dehydrol (5880)E was rated very good in washability over glue size showing no break at 200 rubs, while the paint made with NV 1782 was rated as poor, failing at 60 rubs. A simple of CVR 449 air blown linseed (3880) E was submitted by the Varnish Research Division, and compared in the Flat-TCne Hhite formula'of 2-S--46. The color of CVR-449 was found to be too dark for G:. whites but it could be used in tints. ' TJOrk has been under way to develop a Paintercraft One Coat Hat Wall Paint similar to Rex 65310 that can be brushed without reduc tion. The raw material cost is to be approximately 85#? per gallon. . The formulas developed so far have not been satisfactory for washability or uniformity of tint. Work will be continued on this problem. Thompson Hayward submitted a sample of their heavy blown fish oil s-32 for evaluation. It was thought it might behave in some re spects like Linogel, for which there is only one source of supply. How ever, when S-52 was used to replace Linogel in the Alternate A formula for Flat-Tone TVhite the paint was too thin and was not equal to the Linogel formula in brushing or drying. ii Six experimental reducing varnishes were submitted by the Var nish Research Division for evaluation in the formulation of a Paintercraft Universal paste for reduction for U3e as a flat, semi-gloss or 0007-SKP-045172 0007-SWP-000114543 i -11- H. VAN LOO Cont; #162 - Cont. gloss. Wall Primer and Sealer and enamel undercoater. They Included Pentalyn A dehydrated castor varnishes using both (3017) and (2325), Pentalyn A-linseed varnishes, and Pentalyn G with castor and linseed. All the mixes of paste with varnish to give an interior gloss paint so far have shorn too Ion gloss initially or the dry film would drop in gloss after a few days. Work continues. A report, illustrated with photographs, was drawn up (par ticularly for Newark), to compare the washability of the 1942 and the 1944 formula for Paintercraft flat #75 over both Wall Primer and Sealer and glue size, The paints were applied on plaster boards and allowed to age for ten months before cashing. The penalty in washa bility Then flat rail paints are applied over glue size appears in the'following data: Washability Paint Break in Film Over due Size Over Bal 1, Primer and Sealer Flat-Tone White Paintercraft Flat #73, 1942 formula,. 250 rubs 185 * , T No break, but some abrasion at 1000 rubs. No break at 1000 rubs. Paintercraft Flat #73, 1944 formula. 770 i* ii n it: it n The 1944 formula for Paintercraft Flat #73 has unusually good washability over glue size. Semi-Lustre The Varnish Research Division submitted two tall oil varnishes for evaluation in Semi-Lustre. They rare CV 7013, a 20 gallon tail oil P.E. maleic rosin linseed varnish and CVK 440, (6173) made with tail oil. The Semi-Lustre batches made with these varnishes were too low in body. CV 7013 produced satisfactory sheen characteristics but the sheen was too low using CVR 440 even though the inert was omitted. Varnish Tested in No. Semi-Lustre 0J 691 J CV 7013 0J 689 J CVR 440 Viscosities Fresh 2 Days 3 Days Gloss Flow Brushing 20.4" 22.4" 22.2" 57 - OK OK Fair - too thin in body. 21.2" 18" 49 -. trifle low OK n r? V / : r0*19 o o 0007-SWP-000114544 gy.. -12- i- /162 - Cont. U. VAN LOO Cont. Enameloid Enameloid T&ite Rex 710 made on the alternate formula using 2147 dry Titanox A #24 had reduced leveling, a blue grey color, and slightly higher consistency than the regular with 2229 R 510 Ti02. This paint, however, was very clean as to "seeding" compared with the average 2229 batch. Several batches of Rex 710 Enameloid Tihite were prepared to study the effect of small amounts of basic pigment upon drier cbsoiption. To the regular formula were added: (l) 10 pounds of zinc oxide 103 dry, (2) 20 pounds basic carbonate white lead 18 dry, (5) 6 pounds litharge 1128 dry. These will be rechecked for drying after several months' storage. At present the 1128 gives appreciably faster drying. A sample of CRB 1127 B 1Q lend naphthenate was submitted ty Resin Research. It was conpared with .(4230) regular lead naphthenate drier - outside purchase, for drying and stability in linseed oil and in conjunction with (4231) manganese naphthenate and (4252) cobalt naphthenate driers. Too hatches of Enameloid White Rex 710 ware made, one with the regular naphthenetea and one with CEB 1127 B replacing (4230) at equal metal content. "2k- ' " Drying Time on. i Bnanelbid White Hatches ' ; ` Batch OJ 701 J Batch OJ 702 J Driers T r-' Using regular (4250) (4251) (4252) -CRB 1127 B~-' (4251) . * (4232) ; Set-to-Touch ; Over Night Drying 2 hrs. 5 min. . Good KfK- r.;.' ca -1 hr.' L30 mini r* cU;; *r-?i`;Good';-. The faster'set-to-touch'Using CRB 1127 :B probably has no ' Special significance. Linseed oil- containing d.5;> Pb as CRB 1127 B or (4230) showed no brack after 8 days1 storage. ^7 A nixsd drier, (2247), was also made using CRB 1127 B, (4251) and (4232). The sane percentage of metal was introduced as contained in regular (2247). This liquid was also found to be clear and no incompatibility was evident after 8 days. 0007-SWP-045174 0007-SWP-000114545 -13- M. VM LOO Cont. #162 - Coot. Based on our tests, the sample of CRB 1127 B appears to be satisfactory in drying as well as in compatibility. Ihe scope of our tests was limited due to the size of the sample. ' A recheck will be made on the drying of the Enameloid batches after a period of storage. #185 - Pretrea tment of Metal Surfaces for Painting In connection with the work carried on for Group 6 of Sub committee VII, Committee D-l, A.S.T.M., additional investigations were conducted on the cleaning of cold rolled steel panels. The phases of this problem are: " .' 1. Possible interference of surface active agents with the water film test for cleanliness. 2, Effects of baking on "cleaned" panels, especially comparing solvent sprayed and trichlorethylene degreased panels. The first phase of. this problem was partially covered in last month's report. It has now'been concluded that the rise of a running water film test.instead of an immersion test will effectively eliminate any interference by surface active agents. Only those surface active agents that are water soluble will interfere in this . test. And these agents can be easily flushed off of a panel by means of a stream of water, while the oil would tend to cling ,to the panel and again cause a water break. .. ^r " :. . The second phase'involves the effect on the cleanliness of the metal surface after cleaning which might arise from the baking operation required ly the A.S.T.M. specification for metal preparation. Baking temperatures to 300 F. were used, on panels cleaned by both solvent spray clenning 'end trichlorethylene vapor degreasing. ' It was found that with solvent spray cleaned panels which originally would support a water film break-free would not do so after baking, whereas trichlorethylene degreased panels were not affected. A series of Ueors and Evans "activity" testa run on the same panels before and after baking substantiated the fact that the solvent spray cleaned panels were not clean after baking, while the trichlor ethylene cleaned panels were not affected. The activity of the surface of the solvent spray cleaned panels was materially reduced by the bak ing operation while the activity of the trichlorethylene cleaned panels remained constant. . 0Q07-SWP-045175