Document 2jXb8nBw15pZx0NM1vVM3kZdL

Vista Chemical Company 900 Threadneedie Houston, Texas 77079 ;713) 588-3000 P.O. Box i 9029 Houston, Texas 77224 Fax |71 3) 588-3236 September 14, 1990 Whittaker Oil Company Mr. J ohn Byrne 1557 Marietta Rd., H.W. Atlanta, GA 30377 Dear Mr. Byrne: As a follow-up to my visit in July, I am providing the following information: 1. Information on DOT HM-181 proposed rules; 2. FDA citation on LPA solvents and some example pages from the FDA rules; and 3. Various V0C definitions from state regulations in your marketing area. Please refer to the attachments for the information. Feel free to call me at 713-588-3445 with questions on the attachments. Sincerely, Thomas G, Grumbles, C.I.H. Manager Environmental Affairs dlJ cc: w/o HM-181 - P. Douvry VVV 000013759 ATTACHMENT 1 DOT KM-181 RULEMAKING This is an extensive rulemaking that will significantly change hazard classifications for many products, proper shipping names (specifically LPA solvents) and packaging specifications. The draft proposals are attached. It is impossible to briefly summarize, but I've attached a Chemicalweek article and a portion of an in-house memo on this rule to help you digest the parts pertinent to your business. WV 000013760 SPECIAL REPORT CHEMICAL SHIPPERS GET READY FOR NEW RULES U.S. shippers of chemicals in lonbulk packaging are facing radical ,nd, for some, costly regulatory :hanges. Effective fan. 1,1991 all interlational shipments must meet United Nations rules that require performance esting of nonbulk packaging. At the ;ame time, the U.S. Department of Transportation is radng to complete TM-181, a giant set of regulations that vill overhaul U.S, packaging specificaions for hazardous materials, to make hem more consistent with perfornance-based international ones. The regulatory changes will affect a vide range of nonbulk packaging, in* riuding steel and fiber chums. But they vill be toughest on small combination packages, such as those used to trans port boxes of glass bottles containing specialty or laboratory chemicals, The JN rules are generally more severe than jxisting DOT ones for such packaging, requiring, for example, certain drop :ests not currently necessary in the U.S. Some boxes chemical shippers have used for years that "work in practice" will not pass the performance tests, says Lawrence W. Bieriein, a lawyer at Shaw, Pittman, Potts & Trowbridge (Washington) who represents clients with packaging interests. Adds Robert Temper, transportation manager at Mailinckrodt Medical (St. Louis), the UN rules could mean a significant in crease in the materials and costs associ ated with combination packaging. The difficulty ofcomplying with the rules will depend on a company's busi- ,ess, says Lee Martin, manager of ransportation regulations at Dow Chemical (Midland, MI). "If a company ias few packaging variations, it could tave very few problems. But if it has a aried product line, then it may have to vork quite a bit more." At the very Least, say experts, the lew UN rules will mean a sharp in:rease in the testing burden on chemi:al shippers. While existing DOT rules ietail the particular type of packaging lecessary for a product, the intemaional rules require a package to stand ip to certain tests. For some combinaion packaging that means an "astrolomical" number ofvariations to check, :avs Carl Banks. PPG Industries' (Pitts- )urgh) manager of hazardous materials md compliance. "A lot of [shippers] vill be surprised by the cost and time equired," The UN committee developing the -ules is trying to alleviate some of the esting burdens. One rule allows ship pers to alter the contents within a box under certain conditions, without retesting the entire package. It also made provisions for a "superpackage" occa sional shippers could use without test ing. DOT's sluggish pace in publishing HM-181--first proposed in 1982--has made the situation more confusing for chemical shippers. The agency intends to make its new nonbulk packaging rules "as close as possible" to those of the UN, and many shippers applaud the prospects of a uniform international regulatory system. But until DOT pub lishes HM-181 in final form, chemical packagers face the confusion of having to meet both U.S. and UN regulations for nonbulk packaging. DOT says it expects to complete its rules by year-end, but few shippers are gambling on the agency meeting its schedule. Many say they have already "dual marked" nonbulk packages to meet'both DOT and UN rules. "Anyone shipping internationally has to be ready to comply with both systems, until DOT'S regulations are in place," ac knowledges Edward Mazzullo, chief of the standards division at DOT'S Office ofHazardous Materials Transportation. DOT's failure to publish a final ver sion of HM-181 by Jan. 1 could spell particular problems for shippers send ing chemicals into the U.S. Such firms face the possibility of meeting UN rules Bieriein: UN rules are uneven. worldwide but still not being able to move nonbulk packages through the U.S. without complying with current DOT rules. Some observers, however, downplay the likelihood of such a sce nario. "Theoretically it's a big prob lem," Bieriein concedes. "But I don't think it will really happen. DOT will be compelled to allow UN packages in." even it does not finish HM-181. he says. Still, not everyone is happy with the goals of HM-181. Domestic shippers complain that it is expensive and un necessary to adopt international rules for packages moving within the U.S. "If you're not shipping internationally, it doesn't make any sense." says Mallinckrodt's Temper, "It's an eco nomic burden on the domestic ship pers." He notes DOT's reason for devel oping HM-181 was to be consistent with the international system, not because of safety issues. "The (current DOT] sys tem has worked, and I don't think the svstem to be implemented will be any better. But it will be more costly for combination packaging." Moreover, says Temper, there still will be key differences between the UN rules and DOT'S HM-181. " [DOT] wants international uniform packaging rules, but it doesn't really want to adopt the total system. Now, there are totally dif ferent packaging regulations. In the fu ture, there may be subtly different ones." Even some strong supporters of uni form international packaging regula tions are critical of DOT's performance on HM-181. "It's certainly a step in the right direction," says Dow's Martin. "But DOT may not get the end result they're looking for" in simplifying the rules, he says. Others are critical of the interna 28 ChemtcaJweekyJuly 25. 1990 VMV 000013761 EDITORIAL [CALENDAR SPECIAL REPORT AUGUST 19 9 0 August 1st Chemical Week Business Report August 8tH Major Company Profile August 15th Major Company Profile Hazardous Waste Special Report * *iHarvey Ad-Q tional performance standards in gen eral. While the UN rules are relatively tough for combination packaging, says Bierlein, for other types of nonbnlk packaging they are less stringent than those in the U.S. Drum thicknesses could probably be cut in half and still pass UN regulations, he suggests. He also notes performance-based international standards will give ship pers far more flexibility in designing packages, providing incentives to de velop less-expensive packaging. While everyone is scrambling to make sure packages meet the new rules, he says, "once designers start playing around, regulatory agencies are likely to begin to get nervous." The situation could be exacerbated in the U.S., he adds, since there are fewer statistical quality-con trol systems in place than in Western Europe, where such systems could tend to catch packaging problems, Despite such debates, the Ian. 1 deadline to comply with UN perfor mance standards remains the everyday reality in the minds of many industry shipping experts. Much of Western Eu rope packaging already meets the UN rules, and large U.S. Firms with strong international businesses, such as Du Pont (Wilmington, DE), Dow and Eli Lilly (Indianapolis), say they have worked for several years to bring their packaging in line with both DOT and UN rules. But while some multinational shippers are already complying, "the rest of the world is stumbling," Bierlein says. "A lot ofshippers that should be in compliance are still trying to figure out the system." And, notes Stephen Nash, Eli Lilly's hazardous materials compliance repre sentative, larger manufacturers could be vulnerable because they buy prod ucts they may have to repackage to meet the new specifications. "The big crunch is going to come up and down the distri bution chain," he says. "There will be folks who miss the boat. But they won't know bv how much until their ship ments are stopped." As the international deadlines come closer, many firms will turn to outside laboratories to test packaging. But the number of qualified testing labs is lim ited, Temper points out. "It hasn't been a problem, so far. But as we get near jan. 1, there will be a crunch." DAVID ROTXiAi\ *August 29th Japan & Far East Review Drug, Cosmetics & Specialties Segment (DCSS) MARK YOUR ADVERTISING CALENDARS! Copy Dcodi:.nc * Reader Service issue 'Chemical Wee* OnV is three weeks prior to issue cl-ue. Call chemicalweek Advertising NL'W YORK Department [2121536-3430 Fax: (2 i 21536-3147 for details on space chemicalweek LONDON availability and prices. Tef 4+71430 2900 Fax:44-71404 3312 32 Chemtcatweek/July 25. 1990 FOR COMMODITIES, APPLICATIONS STACK UP It would be difficult to overstate the tional product rates of 2%-3%/vear. importance of the packaging market to with some products doing even better. thecommodity resins business. Packag Only the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ing is the largest end use for bulk plas packaging market is expected to suffer tics, accounting for 24% of total output. appreciable loss, because of the envi It is bigger than the building and trans ronmental pressure against chlorine- portation sectors combined--and for containing materials, particularly in some resins, packaging makes up more food packaging applications. But pack than half the total demand. aging is a small end-use for PVC. ac More than 14 million pounds of counting for just under 9% of total de commodity resins were consumed by mand. And while demand for PVC's the packaging industry in the U.S. last overall share will diminish, some ap year, says Paul Schreiber, manager/ plications, such as PVC blister packag- packaging at Kline & Co. (Farifield, NJ). More than half that amount was ac counted for by just two product areas: low/linear j PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PLASTICS PACKAGING Container* Films Coatings Closures % of low-ddnsity polyethylene packaging (LDPE/LLDPE) films, and high-density poiethvlene (PEI containers. Despite environmental pressure affecting use of plastics in packaging, con sumer preferences should keep the market buoyant. Most resins in packaging HOPE LDPE* PS PET PP PVC Other Total 24.1 22 92 7.4 3.2 25 14 3.8 24.3 1.5 0 4.3 22 04 365 0.4 0.6 28.9% 5.2 0.2 3i.9 ; 0 1.3 12.1 ! 0.1 0 7.5 i 02 3.0 10.8 0.1 0.3 5.1 14 0.1 3.7 | 74 54 100.0% i applications are expected to grow at about gross na '*r . > ; . - -jfy-: ... | vvv 0000X3762 Reclassification of hazardous materials Under HM-181, all hazard classes will change to the United Nations numerical system. For example, the hazard class "flammable liquid" will change to Class 3, and corrosive will change to Class 8. There will be a "reshuffling" of some Vista products under the new regulations. As shown below, the flammable liquid hazard class will be expanded, while the combustible liquid class is reduced. FLASH POINT PRESENT DOT SYSTEM HM-181 UN SYSTEM EXAMPLE Up to 100F Flammable Liquid Class 3 Class 3 ALFOL 2 100 F to 141 F Combustible Liquid Class 3 Class 3 ALFOL 4 142 " F to 200^ Combustible Liquid Combustible Liquid Nonhazardous LPA Solvent The elimination of flash points between 142F and 200F for international shipments will reduce the number of UN-regulated hazardous materials, including some of the alcohols and higher flash LPA solvents. However, DOT has decided to retain the combustible liquid class, which differs from the international rule. Other materials are reclassified entirely under the UN system. Ethylene oxide will change from "Flammable liquid" to "Poison Gas" while ethylene dichloride will be required to carry a poison label. Mixtures high in EDC content such as light and heavy ends will probably be affected as well. Performance-oriented Packaging This is probably the most significant revision to the regulations. By changing from "specification" to "performance" oriented packaging, DOT will eliminate over 200 pages from the regulations and cause many headaches for industry. The present non-bulk (<118.9 gallons) packaging system is designed around specifications developed by DOT. DOT presently sets specific standards for the construction, height, thickness, diameter, etc. of packages and issues specification numbers, such as 17E. Materials which appear in the hazardous materials table are designated a fixed number of specification packagings for which it is authorized. Therefore, "off-the-shelf" packaging materials can easily be purchased. Under the new system, all hazardous materials will be placed in one of three packing groups, each having certain packaging performance requirements. While packaging design is not specified, it must meet minimum requirements for four tests - drop, leakproofness, internal pressure, and stacking. This provides more flexibility in the type of packaging used, however it places greater responsibility on the "filler" of the package. VVV 000013763 This requirement calls for a study of all packaging types shipped both domestically and internationally by Vista. "Standard" packaging types will have to be constructed and tested, and suppliers identified. Additionally, after January 1, 1991, if HM-181 is not passed, all packages must be dual marked with both UN and DOT approvals and meet specifications for each. Marking/Labeling Marking, labeling, and placarding of hazardous materials will change slightly under HM-181 due to the change in the hazard classifications. All placards and labels will be required to display the international hazard class numbers as well as the visual symbol for the hazard. 3111 of Lading Modification Under HM-181, shipping descriptions on all Bills of Lading will have to be modified to reflect the new hazard class as well as indicate the packing group, a totally new requirement. As an example, the description for ALFOL 4 will change as follows: From : Butyl Alcohol, Flammable Liquid, NA 1120 To : Butanols, 3, UN 1120, PG II vvv 0000131^ ATTACHMENT II FDA STATUS OF LPA SOLVENTS Attached is a sample memo that describes the issue of FDA status of LPA solvents. I've also attached some sample pages from the FDA regulations that are references to these uses. (Apologies for the quality of the copies but CFR's are hard to copy.) VVV 000013765 Vista Chemical Comoony 900 Threadneedle Houston, Texas 77079 (713) 588-3000 P.O. Box 19029 Houston, Texas 77224 Fax (713) 588-3236 LPA- Vista LPA solvents may conform to the requirements of Federal Food and Drug Administration regulations for direct and indirect food-associated applications, and may be used within the limitations of the FDA regulations where indicated. Individual uses listed below should be reviewed carefully for specific use conditions and limitations. A. Title 21 CFTl Part 172 Subpart I and Part 173 Subpart D "Food Additives Permitted in Food for Human Consumption". In Subpart I, LPA solvents qualify as "odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons" as defined in CFR paragraph 172.884. Under this definition, LPA solvents may be used in numerous direct food contact applications as shown below. 3. Title 21 CFR Parts 174-178 "Indirect Food Additives." In Part 178 Subpart D, LPA solvents qualify as "odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons" as defined in CFR Paragraph 178.3650. Under this definition, LPA solvents may be used in numerous food contact related applications as shown below. C. LPA 130 and LPA 170 solvents also qualify as technical white mineral oil in some applications as defined in CFR Paragraph 178.362(b). As such, LPA 130 and LPA 170 solvents may be used in a number of food contact applications, some of which are also covered in the preceding sections. FDA REGULATION FDA TITLE CFR 172.884 CFR 173.340 CFR 175.105 CFR 176.180 CFR 176.200 CFR 176.210 CFR 177.1200 CFR 177.1400 CFR 177.2260 CFR 177.2600 Odorless Light Petroleum Hydrocarbons Defoaming Agents Used in Processing Beet Sugar and Yeast Adhesives Components of Paper and Paperboard in Contact with Dry Food Defoaming Agents Used in Coatings Defoaming Agents Used in Manufacture of Paper and Paperboard Cellophane Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Film, Water Insoluble Filters, Resin Bonded Rubber Articles Intended for Repeat Use VVV 000013766 Hr. Kermit Wheeler Page 2 August 8, 1990 FDA REGULATION FDA TITLE CFR CFR CFR CFR CFR CFR 177.2800 Textile and Textile Fibers 178.3120 Animal Glue 178.3570 Lubricants with Incidental Food Contact 178.3620(b) Technical White Mineral Oil 178.3650 Odorless Light Petroleum Hydrocarbons 178.3910(b) (2)For Drawing, Stamping, and Forming Metallic Articl Sincerely, C u. C. Ledvina Director, Environmental Activities dlj 00013^67 YVV o  176.100 obtain the wax-, petrolatum', and min eral oil-corrected chloroform-soluble exr 'ives residue (eel. This ee is ated for e in the equations in w .tgraph (d)(5)(i) (a) and (6) of this section. (Note: In the case of chloro form-soluble extracts which contain high melting waxes (melting point greater than 170* P). it may be neces sary to dilute the heptane solution further so that a 50-toilliliter aliquot will contain only 0.1-0.2 gram of the chloroform-soluble extract residue.! (e) Acrylonitrile copolymers identi fied in this section shall comply with the provisions of 1 180.22 of this chap ter, except where the copolymers are restricted to use in contact with food only of the type identified in para graph (c). Table L under Category VTII. Secs. 201(5). 409. 72 Stat. 1784-1768 as amended (21 U.S.C. 32U&). 348); secs. 409. 701(e). 706. 70 stat. 919 as amended. 72 Stat. 1784-1788 as amended, 74 Stat. 399-40" as amended <21 U.S.C. 348. 371(e). 376)) 42 FR 14554. Mar. 15. 1977] ForEditorial Note: federal Register ci- attons affecting 176.170. see the List of -FR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids action of this volume. 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-88 Edm,y 176.180 Components of paper and paper board in contact with dry food. I -------- -- -v- a flCUUQQ may be safely used as components of the uncoated or coated food-contact surface of paper and paperboard to-, tended for use in producing, mannf^ turing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging, transporting, or holding dry food of the type identified in 1176.170(c), Table 1. under Type VIII, subject to the provisions of thl* section. (a) The substances are used in amounts not to exceed that required to accomplish their intended physical or technical effect, and are so used as to accomplish no effect in food other than that ordinarily accomplished by packaging. (b) The substances permitted to be used include the following: (1) Substances that by 176.170 and other applicable regulations in Parts 170 through 189 ot this chapter may be safely used as components of the uncoated or coated tood-contact sur face of paper and paperboard, subject to the provisions of such regulation. (2) Substances identified in the fol lowing list: Ust ot sutetVKas Limitations 2-Alkerryi) sucomc Anhydrites m wrach me alkenyl groups sue r i from otetma which contain not less man 78 and Wgher groups (CAS Reg. No. 70983-55-01. -4oxy(C><-Csl) ethoxy) emaxytothyOOisoaum su<- neonate tummum and calcium salts rtfDiC dyes on a suostrate oi alumna. -mmoruum ramie............................................................................. mvtose................................................................................................ anum metaporete............................. 2Benztaoffa2oun-a<ine (CAS Registry No 2634-33-5; ... V-Bisihvaroxyethyillauranude...................................... sitncniorpmetrivt) smtone C.A fiegwev No 3064-t;-l orax............................................................................ enc aao........................................................................... -v-8utvi aieonoi........................................................... .............. jtYi oenjyi ohthaiate........................ anoetiila wax....................................... afoon tetrachloride........................................................................ asior on, potyoxyethytateo <42 motes ethylene oxoei.............. auonc soy protein hydrolyzed (hycSoryzed soy protaui isolate modified by treatment with 3-chtorra2-hydroxyotoiyfvtnmeiTv viammoraum chlorate). itionic soy oroieiri (soy protein oo>ate modified tjy treatment witn 3-cntoro-2-hyflroxypiijray1gimethyHammonium cmoratei. niorai hyorete............................................. ........................................ Orraonexyi-p-toluene surtone/rade............................................... For use as a polymerization emulsifier and latex emuten sCabrtzer at levels not to exceed 5 percent by wetgl* o( total emulsion solids. Coxjrani For gse as preservative in coaones ana srzinqs For use omv as a preservative in oaoer coating eompoertioni ano limited to use a( a leva, not to exceed 0.02 mg/ft* 10.0031 mg/cml o' tmisnea oaper ang paoerooard. -oi use oniv as a preservative m coatings -or use as preservative m coatmci Dr, For use only as a coating adhesive, pigment struenmng agent. end fiber letentjon aio For use only as a coating aatiewve. pigment structuring agent, and >er retention eic Polymerization reaction-control agent 190 food and Drug Administration, HHS Lai Ot substances 2>ft-fl`-tetyf hydroqvrwie............................................................. , ^nywne glycol dtberooate ICAS Reg. No. 120-55-8)..............'. For use pntv as a yemfter* glycol monooutyl ether..................................................... Crtlhywne glycol monoettiyf ether..................................................... r*thyienetnamma..........-..................................................................... y^Oasopropanotamte erf tallow fatty acus................................. ^(/gimetriyfa/ranoimeoyyflacrytamde polymer wrtn acrytamide I and styrene y/y4>0iew'ethyteneOBnwie, N.Wdtttnoectyf-etnvwnediamina, i and N-otetjyPN-*noieoyl~etriyieneiafwne motive produced i when tall oil tatty acids are maoe to raact with etnyfenedia- i mine such that the tvashed mixture has a mwwtg point of . 2i2`-22B` f. as oetanraned by ASTM method 0127-60. | ano an acid vak of to maximum. ASTM Method D127-60 ! "Standard Method of Test tor Melting Point of Petrolatum I and MeroraystaMme wax" (Rewaed i860) a neorporateo j Erv reference. Copies are avWable from University Micro- > films international. 300 N Zeeo Rd.. Ann Aroor. Ml 46106. or available lor inspection si the Ottice at the Federal | RegrSter, 1100 L St NW., Washmgton. DC 20406 >pnenytamine....................................................................................... Hcropytene glycol dtoenzoate ICAS Reg. No. 27136-31-4)....... ; For use only as ^sodium /y-octatecytsurtoaucanamaie......................................... wr-Oodecyl onoether of polyethylene glycol.................................. Emca/mde (erucyianste)..................................................................... i Stnanedvi. polymer with tetrahydr-4-nyoroxy-5-methyi- ; 2HN)pynmiainona, propoxytatea. Etnvtene oxide....................................................................................... . Fumigant in stzir Slmene oxide aoauci of mono-(2-elTrymexyi) oonosphate....... raft/ sod ICii-Ci,) dietnanwamiQe................................................ Psh oil latty acids, nygrogenateo. ooiassmm w.;....................... cormaKJehyoe....................................................................................... Gyceryr manocaewe................ jyoxai............................................... -..................... jlyoxat-urae-lormaltehyoe conoensate (CA5 Reg. No. 27013- I For use as an i, Di--0) formed Oy reaction to the molar rate of approximately j 47:33:16. respectively. The reaction product nas a number i average molecular weight of 278n as determined by a i sureaoie method. GWexaHae* polymer (CAS Reg. No. 53037-34-6)....................... j For use as an n Hwamethnenetatramme..................................................................... I Poiymenzatn i Aa nounttztr and stearato- Hexyiene glycol <2-methyi-2.4-pemanedH)..................................... HytnatMtyf alcohol--......................................................................... . 5-i (ydiuynieu>U4ymedrri-l-azas?.7-diQxaoicyoo(3.3.0) octane, i For use only as S-rTydroxymemyl-1-aza-3,7-raoxaracyclo(3.3.0)ocune. and 5- I nyorDxypcfy-ImethyieneoxyJineinyl-i-azft^.7- J aoxabeycloO.3.0] octane mxtwe. sopropanotamme hyoroemonoe.................... iscorcpri m- and zxraao* tihymra derived)..... ................................ laconic erad............................................................................................ Uajeic anhydndu raraotunylene copotymer ammonium or soaum aan. Weiafnme-fcnnalWhvoe modified with 1 Basic DCiymp' Alcohols (ethyl, butyl, tacoutyt. propv'. or ooorooyi). Oethytenetnemine rnmo-Ots-dutyiamne |mmo-bra-ethytenearwie immo-bia-oropylAmne Foiyananes mate by reacting atfrrteneraanxne ra trrmetnyenedwnne with dientoroemane or dichiorooraoane. Suffarafic tod. Tetraethytenepentarrane. Toetriyfaneietranane Meinyi alcohol..................................................................................... ... Methyl eaters of mono-, ok and tnoroovterw gfycoi...................... Methyl napthalena autarac arad-formaxsenyoe conoensate, . sooajffl aan. Methylated polyfiV-i ^-omydroxyethytene-1,3-miQa20lidirv-2- I For use omy o one). 191 *r a JLiifttfSfc1, 21 CFR Ch. | (4-1-88 Edition) .d min* soluble ee' is ons in 3f this :hloroontain point neceslution iiquot if the :e.) denti- with chaprs are food paraegory : beat. 07 as m ci,ot of Aids 176.180 Components of paper and paper* board in contact with dry food. The substances listed in this section may be safely used as components of the uncoated or coated food-contact surface of paper and paperboard intended for use in producing, manufac turing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging, transporting, or holding dry food of the type identified in 176.170(c), Table 1. under Type VIII, subject to the provisions of this section. (a) The substances are used in amounts not to exceed that required to accomplish their intended physical or technical effect, and are so used as to accomplish no effect in food other than that ordinarily accomplished by packaging. (b) The substances permitted to be used include the following: (1) Substances that by I 176.170 and other applicable regulations in Parts 170 through 189 of this chapter may be safely used as components of the uncoated or coated food-contact sur face of paper and paperboard, subject to the provisions of such regulation. (2) Substances identified in the fol lowing list: arouDS I -an 78 ' -55-0). ,m sul- i For use as a ooiymertiaoori emulsifier ano latex emulsion a) levels not to exceed 5 percent by *etgnt ot total emulsion sonas. "ate o* : Colorant. ............ For use as preservative in ccaonqs ana srzmqs. '........... For use only as a oreservattve in oaoer coating compositions ana limited to use ai a evei not to exceed 0.02 mg/in* 10 0021 mgrem^ of tmisneo caper ana paoerooara. ; ..... far use omv as a oreservatrve m coatings, .......... Far use as preservative in coatings. .......... Do. soiate 1 For use only as a coating aonesrve, pigment structuring agent. -nettV 1 ana liber retention aifl. 'n- ,e onty as a coating aonesrve. pigment structunng agenl. ,.,a fiber retention aw. .. Polymerization teacoon-controt agent. 190 I fryOrpoumone.. mi ginyeee..i..d...f.e..e..n..z..o...o..t.e...(..C...A..S.. Reg. No. 120-55-8) gfycdl mpnobutyt ether.. g*iytene glycol monoetnyt ether.. tyteneetansne............................ HQWgbnowpUrcTphaannoinauiTimweatenyoiltatgarl<lotawfnfiaatetypaooryamse..r..w....in acrylamide i a piasacaer m polymeric substances. mtOtaStteyoreynWe.hyieneOtamme. W.iW^iiinoeovt-etfivienecJiamtfie. fnd Roiooyi N-tinoteoyinatfiyieneoiatnme mixture prooue*Q i Mn taM oil fatty awd are made to react wnn emyieneom- , ^Mna such that tne tinrshea mixture nas a meiong point of i Jft2*-228* P. as Oetermmeo ev ASTM metnoo D127-60. , anjni *c*l value Of i0 maximum- ASTM Method 0127-60 i TTiMrwtam Method of Test tor Memng Pwm of Petrolatum i antf MrcroorynaMne wax" (flevwed i960) is incorporated i fey reference. Copies are available from university Wucto- ttn* (ntamasonal- 300 N. Zees Rd.. Ann A/por. Ml 48106, ; Or eviaaMe for wspeceon at tne Office ot tne Federal i tflsgtatar. 1100 L St NW,, Washington. OC 2Q408. IUfrnbpanyytteann~exngefy-c--o--i-dibenzoata (CAS Reg. No. ................... . 27138-31-4).. For use only as oasw* *ootymenc substances- inrfdOuodmectytotctttvMoaecthyetsr uotffopsoulycectihnyalmenaeteg..f.y..e..o..f.......................................................................1 VM,,(erupcoytyletnnaardei..w...i.t.h........t.e..t..r.a..h.--yb.r..o...*....h--yt.t.r.o..x..y..-.S...-.m...e..t.n...y..i.-..J Mpyimdnone. propoxytateb. I Fumigant m samg. iftlsos mmoddee .a.d..d..u.c..t.o..f.m..o..r..o.-.<.2.~...t.h..y.f.h..y..i>...>..h..o..s.e..n..a.t.e.._._._.._._j ffc>y stab tC.r-C,.) shethtno(amide................,.................................. j flfeft el fatty eods. rtydrogerwied, poussun salt......................... j fomttshybe......................................................................................... fefcbaryi m.o.n.o..e.a.p.e.a.t.e...................................................... solJuiizer for starch m coatings. yoxaNjree-tevmaMenyde condensate )CAS Reg. No. 27013- For use ss an |n "Ot-O) formed try reaction in the mow ratio at approximately . 47:33:15. resoeeiwy. The reaction product nas a number i Werega moiecuiar weight of 27814 as determined by a i IhyaMmgtitthaaaib-Uuleriyemlaueiptwhouolydium. aemr (inCeA..S....R...e..g......N..o......5...3..0..3...7..-..3..4...-.6..).................................................. FPootryumseertazsaoaono incrsooswsownicweirgfoargestnatrcfohr. protein. mciuOmg casein. As neutralizing agent witn mynstocnromic chlonde comoiex ana stearato-cnromic cnionoe comoiex. ifcaytene gfyopf <2-mehy-2.4-per)taneoiot(..................................... , H&aHlrytdenbamgrtmyieathfccoinyomi..a..t.n..y..i.*.i.-..a..{.a..-..3....7..H...3..i.o..].i.a..t.M...c..y..c..t.o...[.3....3....D...l...o..c..t.a..n...e..,.. i For use omy as an annoectenal preservative. Wfytlwj^ymemyt-1-aza-g,7-bioxatMcyc*o0.3 Q)octaiie, and 5- I * byUtaxyOOty-irnethylenomcyimethyM -aza-3.7- - AacMicye(o{3.3.0] octane mocture. ; -tepropsytofanene ftyiyocnwnbe.................... -................................. j kopnopyi m- ano pcreaot (thymol oenveo)......................................i ttbeanHocacainOny..d.n..o.e..-.d.a..s.o.b..u.t.y..ie..n.a.....c.o.p..o.tymer. ammonium or (| | spdkan salt. jKarriua tumiatiiulu/OB moortied wnh: Alcohuta (ethyl- butyl, isobutyi, propyf. or isoprooyf). Basic polymer. ` DWhyMnetnamme. _ Wno-pis-butytamine% HMno pis amirteneimine, * IPWontyoa-PifanseparotmTyaldaemmbey. reacting etnyleneownne or tnmethy- > tMmpkawine ffih t^cMoroethane or OKhicXoprooane. OOOOl^169 VW M UMic acta. 2 TaHeOrytenapentamine. w TtfethyfenetaMmme. atoohof................................ -..................................................... Mars of mono-, oK and vwwyiena gyco(..................... napmajene sulforae aoo-fonnaidenyoe condensate. iatt tan, pofy(/V-1,2-dihydrojryethylerte- f ,3^rmdazo*x*r>-2- For use onryonryts an msoiubiwer for starch Ona). 191  176.180 L q mtWOB 21 CFR Ch. 1 (4-1-88 EdHiSj . M -a poryacrytamUe reeunng from an opxjxorohydnn d> I For use onry as a dry strength and pigment retWjs^ to e condensate of louneidefryqe ocyapoamuo-dietni tnanane and wtxcb product then reacted with poryaayiamde ana urea to produce a resin having a agent employed prior to the sneettomiirig oparaapft rnsnufacan of paper and papertnartf and used a a not to exceed t oereer.s oy wetgirt of dry fibers. nitrogen content of 5.6 to 6.3 percent ana nawtg a mrtimum viscosity in 56 uatcanMty wwgtu agjeoua solution of 200 oenCptmea at 25' C. aa oetenranea oy LVT-senes ~k-i' Brookfield viscometer useig a No. 4 sondta at 60 r.p.m. <or eouwaJent method). Monogtycenda enrata................... --................................................... Mynsto chrome chloride cwrsitex........ ........................................... NapthaJene sulfonic acu-formaloehyoe condensate, sodium sal*. Nickel......................................... ............................................................. tf-Nnrostyrene Basic polymer. a-05-BOctedeoertykoiwegiehyi>Pxypoty (oxyethyiene): the oe- tadeeenyt group is denved from oieyl aieonol and the poiyfoxyethylenel content averages not teas than 20 mores a-ip-Nonytphen^prnage^iytfoxypotr (oxyethytenei sufiBte. ammonium safe the nonyf group is a prooyiene tnme' isomer and the poty foxyetfrytene) content averages 9 or 30 moles. Oleu acid reacted ivith ALaJfcyf-fC.vC..I tnmethytenediamine..... Owoaed soy isolate hewig 50 to ?0 percent oi its cystine for use as a binder adhesrve component of coatings. rescues oxxkzed to cystau acid. Petroleum akeyebe hyaroeeroon reams, or the hydrogenated proouct thereof, eomprymg with the tdenuty prasenoed in 5 176.170(b)(2). For use as modifiers at levels uo to 30 weight-percent of fa solus content of wex-odymer plena coebnge. Petroleum hydrocarbon reams (produced by the catalytic oo- i rymeraabon and subsequent nydrogenetion of srvrene. vinyl- i toiuene. and mdene types from dwttlates ot ersenea Detro- 1 um stocks). Petroleum hydrocaroons. Mtptt and odortass.................................... Petroleum sulfonates............................................................................. o-Pmhalic acu modified liyaufysed soy protein acute................ Pine oil............. .................. .......... ...................... .................................. Ppfy(2-amnoethyf acrylate nrtrate-oo-2-hydroxytr'pyi acrylate) i comofymg wrth the identrty daaenbeo in t76.'.7Qiav PMyansdeepichloro hydnn mooned reams resureng from the l reaction of the rubai capmactem-flacone eaa product with I oethytenstnariete and than condeiemg tha preooiymer i with epuhforohyittn to form a cattonc reset having a i nitrogen contant of 11-15 parosnl and chionne level of 20- i 23 '---nt on a dry beets. ( 4 ** re* r,-K*f hydrogenated; oomptymg with the dentrty pre- i -nder f 176.3740(b) of this chapter. i (cHdiethytammo) ethyl methecryfate] phoeohate.................. Polyethylene glycol (200) ettaurste--.............................................. . Potymers: Homcgoiymers and copolymers of me following i Basic polymer AeryfamUe. Aeryfrc acU and its methyl, ethyl, butyl, orooyt. or octyl esters. Acryfqnrtrile. Butadune. Crotonc eoa. Cydot acrylate Oaoyi acrylate. OafM fumarate. DialM maieate. CuaJfyi pntnaiate. Ok*** hima>v. ouutyi rtaconata. ibutyt maieate. CM2-sthythe*yi) maieate. Duoryi hmarate. Ductyi maieata. Dmrrytberaene. Ethylene. 2-Ethyttnrxyl acrylate. Fumanc sod. QtytWyi mathacrylata. 2-Hydiujiya(fiyt acrylate. -ski W rM 192 food and Drug Administration, HHS List of Pittances AMKyUruxymefrryy) acrytamne. isotxityi eoyiate. isoomyfene. isoprene. itaoonuaodMsWk annydride ana its methyl or Duty* esters. Mathecrybc eod and its methyl, ethyl, butyl, or prooy> . esters. Methylstyrene. Monof2-etfiylhexy!) maieate htonoethyl maieate. 5~Noroomene-2.3-d>canxnrvc ecu. mono-n-ouryl aster. Styrene. Vinyl ecetata. Vmyt butyrate. Vuyl chlonde. Virtyi crotonate. Vinyf hexoere. Vnytuene chlonde. Vinyl petsrgonete. Vinyl propronate. Vmyt pyrrokdone. stearate Vuyl suifonc ecu. Polyoxyethylene fmnmum 12 motes) ester of tail oil (30%- *0% roam ecaosl. Puiyoxypropyien<oiyotcyemyiene giyeot (minimum molecular weight 1,900). Polyvinyl aiconot.............. ...................................................................... potassum stenete fibers proouceo oy caianaig btenum dux- me. potasaum entonoe, and petaasuro carwnsie, such thai me fimaned crystalline fibers nave a nomnai diameter oi Q.20-0.25 rmcron, a lengm-ta-dumaier raoo oi aocroximate- 25:1 or greater, and consist pmcoaity of K,Tu O. ano K.Ti Sodium dasobutytphenosy owthoxyethyi sulfonate....................... Ssdwrn aasopufyfpnencury monoemoxy emytsutfonate................. Somum mdooeoffpofyuiuxy (SO mcieel suttate......................... Scdum Mododacytpnenoxyporyethoxy 1*0 moles) sulfate......... Senium /vmethyt-AFdeyl ............................................................... Sddkan metf^f sibconate.............................. -..................................... Sodkui nrtrtta............................................ ............................................. Sodaim pofyacrylete....................................................................... Sodium LuS-tnoecytsufloauccaiata............. -....................................... Sodum xyfene auftonaM-.............. -........-................................... Stew*to chrormc cfifonde complex....... -...................................... Styrene alfyl atcohoi copolymers................................................... Shrene-metnacrykc ecu copcryiiwi, potaaMum salt...................... Teueeth^eneuenranwie ............... --..................................... PolymanzaO a- ixi, t ,34-Tevamethyfbutyf)phenyt l-omaga mnjrqxypolytoxyetnvieoal manure of drtiydrogen phosphaie and monohydrogen pnoaohate esters and their sodium, potessaim, and ammonum salts navmg a pofy(oxyetnytenei content averegatq 6-9 or 40 moles. a-tg-(1,1,3.3-Tetiame<HylUayl)phenyl or p-nomrtpherryt]. omaqe-hydroxypoiy (oxyeihyfenel where nonyi group is a propylene mmor worner. Tstmodsan /V^i,2UKerboxythyf)-ALoctB0ecyi suifoeuccma- mate. Toene.......................................................................................... Tnetnanoiansne........................................................ Treliiyteneteuansne..................................................................... Tnafhylenatasamme monoecewe. partalfr stearoytated.......... Uraa-fcnnaidanyoe chamcaHy modified with Alcohol (meflriyf. amyl, butyt, wooutyf. propyl, or isopropyl) ecu. DieiUnobutahe Oismnopropene. Otathytenamarorie A/.VOioleoylathyieneiMmne CNphenylemate. iVA'-Oisfaaroyfethvfanedunrfa Ethyteh*diaffline. 193 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-88 Edition) Limitaboo* iDtcntofonyonn ad- i For use omy as a dry strength and pigment retention i cyandta/rsde-taetjv ' agent emctoreo pnot to the shaotionrsnp operaper m o non reacted wrth I manufactue of paoer ana paperboard and usag at a v i resui Paving a not to exceeo t percent by weight of dry fibers, nt and having a i ' aqueous solution i ->eo cy tVT-senes r :i9 at 60 r.p.m. tor oensate, soajum Basic polymer. ?tnyiene>: the oc- i alcohol and me i s than 20 motes, i irtyienet sutfata. i propylene turner , averages 9 or 30 ; tftytenediamme..... tnt of 'vstme i For use as a wider adhesive component o' coalings. l nated l For use as moaftsis at levels up to 30 weight-percent of re j., prescribed in I soligs content o< wax-polymer Wend coatings. i (he catalytic po- I of styrene, vinyl- i Jt cracxed petro- i i isolate. VDroeyi acmatsi I '5.170fa), swong from tne i cid product with preoofvmer i '^sin having a i nne level ot 20- i "1 dentitv pie- , sonata............. ihe following i Basic ootvmer. 'foyi. or octyi , 192 Food and Drug Administration, HHS List of SiSMtaneee Umrtttons ^Hydroxymethyl) acryiamne. laobutyt acrylate, isobutylene. Isoprene. Kacerac aod. Malec anhydride and its metnvt or Dutvi esters. Matheerykc aod and its metnvt. ethyl, outyt. or oropyi 1 asters. MsMiyistyana. MenotS-ethyihexyi) maieate. Monoethyl maieate. S-Norbomene-2.3-dicaR>oxviic aoo. mono-n-outyi ester. Styrene. Vinyl acetate. Vinyl butyrate. Vinyl cnionde. Vinyl cratonate. Vinyl haaoata. VXryidane critonde. Wiyt peiatgonate. Vkryt prooonate. vm>* pyrroadorw. Vinyl stearate. Vinyl auttoric aod. Potyoityetfiyfene (iransnum 12 moles) ester of tall oil (30%- j 40% ream acids). Pofyoxypropylane pofyoxyetnylene glycol Cdvrumurn inotacvtir i weight 1.800). Potyrinyl alcohol................................-................................................... PoOaaun otanato fibers produced by caicnng titanium diox- i Ida, potaawum chionde. and potaaaaan carbonate, sucn that i the finished crystalline libera have a nomnai diameter of ( 0.20-4.25 micron, a length-to-ttamater raw of approximate- i ly 25:1 or greater, and consist prmapeily of K.Ti, O. and i MIA Sodkxn diiaobutylpnenoxv drethoxyetriyi sulfonate......................... . Sodksn daaobutyipneooxy monoetnoxy etnytsuftonate................. .. Sodum n-dodecyipofyatnoxy ISO motes) sulfate............................. Sodum aododeeytphanoxvpofyemoxy !*0 moiesi suitate............. Sodkfti W-metnyt-Af-oteyi taurata........................................................ Sodum metfiyf aikeonate....................................................................... Sodtan ratnta.....................................-................................................... Sodun poiyaoylaie........................... .................................................... Sodum bts-raacylsuriaeucanats........................................................ Sodkim xylene sulfonate........................................................................ ``ifawaio cnromc cttonde comotei--............................................... Styrene ally) alcohol copolymers......................................................... Styrene uwihetrykc aod coooiymar, potassium salt..................... . Tsbaeth^enapeiuonine....................................................................... , Polymenianon cross-linking agent a-Cp-(1,1.3.3-Tfl0aine<nvlOutyl)pnenyii-orTwga hydroxypofyfoxystnyleoei mtxtm of dthydtogen phosphate i and monoriydrogen pnoaphata esters and ther sodium, i potassium. and emmoraum salts navxig a poytoxyethyiene) i contatii averagmg 6-9 or 40 motes. a-t^1.1.3.3-TaMmethylbutyl)prieny1 or p-norrylphenyl]- I onwja hydroiypoty (oxyetnylane) where nonyl group ta a i propylene aimer isomer. I Tetraaodxjm iV^l,2-dicari90xyeinyi)-Afoctadecyi suriosucpna- i Toluene........ ..................................................................-..... -...... J Trtethanotarmne.............................................................................. Trfethytenststramne....................................................................... Pofymenzation cross-lmking agent Triettiytanatatramna monoacetate, partially stearoytated............ Lkee formaldariyde cnemcaily moorfied with: Aioohof (methyl, etnyl. butyl, woOUtyf. propyl, or isopropyl), | Airanuuieihyisutfonc aoo. I Otsminobutane. Dtamnooropane. ; DMhytanatnenww. \^-Dioiaoyletnyieneaansne. t Otphanylemeie. \WOstearoylethyt8neqtamna. i Ethytenediamine. VVV 000013771 193 r 176.180 176.200 List Of substances " xrxdine. -txs-dutyfamne. ; j-te-etftytemne. immo-t-wopYteroine. N-Oieoyi-w-safoyiethylenednne. ! Poiysmroea made By reacting ethyienediamine or tnetnylerv- i edtamme with dichforoeBiane or taemoroproDane. Tetraetftytenepentemne. Tnettryienetswnina- Xvteoa....................................................................................................... . xylene sulfonic aod-fonnaidehyde condensate, sooium sax...... . Zinc stearate............................................................................................ 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-68 Editfenf limitations [42 PR 14554. Mar. 15. 1977] Edttosuai. Note. For additional Federal Register citations affecting 176.180. see tile List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids section of this volume. 176.200 Defoaming agents used in coat, ings. The defoaming agents described in this section may be safely used as com* ponents of articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, pack aging, transporting, or holding food, subject to the provisions of this sec tion. ta) The defoaming agents are pre pared as mixtures of substances de scribed in paragraph (d) of this sec tion. (b) The quantity of any substance employed in the formulation of de foaming agents does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accom plish the intended physical or techni cal effect in the defoaming agents or any limitation further provided. ----- ----------UU uu production of defoaming agents ant which is the subject of a regulation ir Parts 174. 175. 176, 177, 17& ant 179.45 of this chapter conforms with any specification in such regulation. (d) Substances employed in the for mulation of defoaming agents include: (1) Substances generally recognized as safe in food. (2) Substances subject to prior sane* tion or approval for use in defoaming agents and used in accordance with such sanction or approval. ; (3) Substances identified in this paragraph (d)(3) and subject to such limitations as are provided: * Ust of substances Limitations n-8utyl alcohol..................................................................... ................... tert-flutyt alcohol..................................................................................... Butyl stearate........................................................................................... Castor oil. suiteted. ammonium, potassium, or sooium salt......... . Cetyl alcohol.......................................................................................... . Cyclohexane............................................................................................. Cyetohexanoi............................................................................................ Otetnvtene gryeoi monoiaurate............................................................ Oietnvtene giycoi monostearate.................................................... .. Dimers and tnmers o< unsaturatod C,, tatty acias derived i For use cr.iy at levels not to exceed 0 trortv coating sonos Animal and vegetable tats and oils Tall ml Dimetnylootvsifoxane....................................... Piwppyfene gtyccH................................................................................... Ethyl aioohot......................................................................................... Fats and oils denved from anmai. manne, <y vegetable i soirees: Fatty sods derwed from animal, manne. or vegetaoie tats and i oris, and salts ot such scads, single or mixeo, as follows: i Alummum. Ammonum. Cakaum. Magrwswm. bv weight of total 194 Food and Drug Administration, HHS ust ot substances Potaaswm. SocMJm. LIIIU. cormaioehyde................................................... aiyeeryt mono-13-hywosystearate.......... ..... Gfyceryt monostearate.................................... Hexane............................................................... Hexylene gtycol (2-methyi-2.*-pemanedie>i) ,so0utyi alcohol.TM............................................ isopropyl steonol............................................. Kerosene.............. -.................................................................................. Lecithin hydroxytated.................................................... Uethyl leonot..........................................._............... MethyfceiMc**..... .....................--............................... Methyl esters ot tatty sods derived horn animal, marine, or i vegetable tats and ous. Metnyt oieata........................................................................................... Methyl palmnate...................................................................................... Muatardseed od, suttated, ammonium, patassajm, or sodium i salt Mynstyt alcohol............................................................................... Naphtha............................................................................................ 0.Naphthoi........................................ Nonylpnenol.................................................................................... Pdortass light petroleum hygrocaraons....................... ........... Oleic cod. suttated. emmemuro. potassium, or sodium salt. Parachloromeueresoi................................................................... se*nut od, suiteteo. ammonium, potassium. or 9odium salt. Petrolatum =m# oil...................................... -ofyacryiic aod. soowm salt. .i For use at .i As oefmec For use a: As a stao aimetnyi Polyethylene............................................................................................ Polyethyfena, oxtaaed.......................................................................... Potyethytena glycol (200) dilaurate..................................................... Polyethylene glycol (400) defeats....................................................... Polyethylene giycot (600) teofeale...................................................... Polyethylene giycot (400) esrera of coconut oil (any acids............ Polyethylene glycol (400) monoofeste............................................... Polyethylene glycol (600) momoteate.............................................. . Polyethylene gfyeof (600) moncncinofeate....................................... i Polyethylene gyeoi (400) monoataaraie................. ........ ................. i Potyoxybutylwie pmyoxypropyleno pniyosyeinyiene glycol (min. - mol. wt 3,700). Polyexyethyiatsd (mm. 3 mole) cetyl aicohoi................................... I Polyoxyethyteted (mm. S mots) oleyl alcohol................................... Potyoxyethytatod (mm. 1.5 mote) thdecyt alcohol............................, Polyoxyethylene (mm. 15 mote) ester ot rosin.................................j Polyoxyethylene (mm. 6 mote) monooietts...................................... Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate............................................................. Polyoxypropyteted (ina 20 mots) butyi alcohol............................... Poiyoxypropyiene glycol (mm. mol. w. 200)..................................... Potyoxypropyieoe (irm. 20 mote) oieata butyl ether....................... PotyOTypiopytene polyoxyethylene giycot (min. mot vtl i .900).... Foiyoxypropylene (nun. 40 molsi stearate butyl ether................... Potasswm pentaertoroohenete.......................................................... For use 6 Potassium tnehtoroonenete................................................................ Zo ^ropywne glycol monoestar of soybean od fatty aods................ Propylene giycot monoestar ot tallow tatty soas.......................... Ricebran oil. suttated. ammonum, potassium, or sooium salt.... Rosins ana roam oertvatives............... ..... .......................................... As exo-no. Silica......................................................................................................... Sodniro 2-vnerca0tobernotnia2Oie.......................................................i For use a Sodium pentacMoroohenata................................................................. Do. Sodium mchtoroohenaie....................................................................... Do. Sperm oil, suttated. ammonum. potassium. or sodium salt.......... Staaryf alcohol________-....._................................................................ Ta* oil tatty aods..... ............................................................................. Tallow fatty aods. hydroganated or suttated.................................... Tallow, suttated, ammonum. potassium, or sockum salt............... T riethanolamane..... .......... -................................................................... Tniacvropanotamne................ L95  176.210 List of sutetancas 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-88 EdHfonf Limitations -- ------------ ----- 1-- (e) The defoaming agents are used as follows: (1) The quantity of defoaming agent or agents used shall not exceed the amount reasonably required to accom plish the intended effect, which is to prevent or control the formation of loam. (21 The defoaming agents are used in the preparation and application of coatings for paper and paperboard. Cottonseed oil. Fish oil. Lard oil. Linseed oil. Mustardseed oil. Palm oil. Peanut oil. Rapeseed oil. Rieebran oil. Soybean oil. Sperm oil. Tall oU. 176.210 Defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard. Defoaming agents may be safely used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard intended for use in pack aging, transporting, or holding food in accordance with the following pre scribed conditions: (a) The defoaming agents are pre pared from one or more of the sub stances named in paragraph (d) of this section, subject to any prescribed limi tations. (b) The defoaming agents are used to prevent or control the formation of foam during the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to and during the sheet-forming process. (c) The quantity of defoaming agent o ents added during the manufac- g process shall not exceed the -mount necessary to accomplish the intended technical effect. (d) Substances permitted to be used in the formulation of defoaming agents include substances subject to prior sanctions or approval for such use and employed subject to the condi tions of such sanctions or approvals, substances generally recognized as safe for use in food, substances gener ally recognized as safe for use in paper and paperboard, and substances listed in this paragraph, subject to the limi tations, if any, prescribed. (1) Fatty triglycerides, and the fatty acids, alcohols, and dimers derived therefrom: Beef tallow. Castor oil. Coconut oil. Com oil. (2) Fatty triglycerides, and marine oils, and the fatty acids and alcohols derived therefrom (paragraph (d)(1) of this section) reacted with one or more of the following, with or without dehy* dration, to form chemicals of the cate gory indicated in parentheses: Aluminum hydroxide (soaps). Ammonia (amides). Butanol (esters). Butoxy-polyoxypropylene. molecular weight 1.000-2,500 (esters). Butylene glycol (esters). Calcium hydroxide (soaps). Diethanolamine (amides). Diethylene glycol (esters). Ethylene glycol (esters). , Ethylene oxide (esters and ethers). Glycerin (mono- and diglycerides). - Hydrogen (hydrogenated compounds). Hydrogen (amines). Isobutanol (esters). Isopropanol (esters). Magnesium hydroxide (soaps). Methanol (esters). Morpholine (soaps). Oxygen (air-blown oils). Pentaerythritol (esters). Polyoxyethylene, molecular weights 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 1,000, 1.540. 1.580, 1.780, 4.600 (esters). Polyoxypropylene. molecular weight 2002,000 (esters). Potassium hydroxide (soaps). Propanol (esters). Propylene glycol (esters). Propylene oxide (esters). Sodium hydroxide (soaps). Sorbitol (esters). ' Sulfuric acid (sulfated and sulfonated com' pounds). - Triethanolamine (amides and soaps). Triisopropanolamine (amides and soaps). Trimethylolethane (esters). Zinc hydroxide (soaps). ' rr (3) Miscellaneous: -'r 196 :v Food and Drug Administration, HHS Alcohols and ketone alcohols mixture (still- bottom product from C.i-C.. alcohol man ufacturing process). Amyl alcohol. Butoxy polyethylene polypropylene glycol molecular weight 900-4.200. Butoxy-polyoxypropylene molecular weight 1.000-2.500. Butylated hydroxyanisole. Butylated hydroxytoluene. Calcium lignin sulfonate. Capryl alcohol. p-Chlorometacresol. Poi t. 0 Pol Pol Pol a. a r F< a t Cyclohexanol. Dlacetyltartartc acid ester of tallow mono glyceride. Diethanolamine. Diethylene triamine. Di-(2-ethyihexyi) phthalsce. 2,6-Dimethyl heptanol-4 (nonyl alcohol). DimethylpolysUoxane. f a v P Po. Po. c Di-ert-butyl hydroquinone. Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids. EthanoL Po Po i 2-Ethylhexanol. Po Ethylenediamine tetra&cetic acid tetraso- dium salt. Po Formaldehyde. Heavy oxo-fraction (a still-bottom product of iso-octyl alcohol manufacture, of ap Po proximate composition: Octyl alcohol 5 percent nonyl alcohol 10 percent, deeyl and higher alcohols 35 percent, esters 45 Po percent, and soaps 5 percent). 2-Heptadecenyi-4-methyl-4-hydroxymcthyL- 2-oxazoline. Hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2-4-pentanediol). 12-Hydroxystearic Mid. Isobutanol. isopropanol. Isopropylamine salt of dodecylbenzene suf- fonic acid, Po Po Po Rc Sil Sil 1 Kersosine. Lanolin. Methanol. Methyl 12-hydroxystearate. Methyl taurine-oleic acid condensate, molec ular weight 486. a,a'-fMethylenebist4-<l,l,3.3-tetraznethylbu- tyl>-o-phenylene)]&is[oroega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)J having 6-7.5 moles of eth t So So So So So So Sc ylene oxide per hydroxyl group. Mineral oil. Mono-, di-, and triisopropanolamine. Mono- and dilsopropanolamine stearate. Monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol. i I Monoethanolamine. Morpholine. Myristyl alcohol. So Sc Sc Sc St a-< Naphtha. fl-Naphthol. Nonylphenol. Odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons. Oleyl alcohol. Petrolatum. o-PhenyiphenoI. Pine oil. Te 197 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1 -88 Edition) limHMona :s are used ming agent exceed the i to accomvhich is to mation of are used in .ication of rboard. Cottonseed oil. Pish oil. Lard oil. Linseed oil. Mustard.seed oil. Palm oil. Peanut ou. P.apeseed ail. Ricebran oil. Soybean oii. Sperm oil. Tall oil. ised in the paperboard, be safely pape*- and e h k. . j in ' pre- <2) Fatty trigiycerides. and manr. oils, and the fatty acids and alcohoi derived therefrom (paragraph (d)(1) o this section) reacted with one or mon of the following, with or without dehy dration, to form chemicals of the cate gory indicated in parentheses: s are pre; the sub' id) of this nbed limi' Aluminum hydroxide (soaps). Ammonia (amides). Butanol (esters). Butoxy-poiyoxypropylene, molecular weigh: 1,000-2.500 (esters). Butylene glycol (esters). are used mation of ? of paper Calcium hydroxide (soaps). Diethanolamine (amides). Diethylene glycol (esters). Ethylene glycol (esters). id during Ethylene oxide (esters and ethers). Glycerm (mono- and diglycendesj. tng agent manufacceed the oJish the o be used Hydrogen (hydrogenated compounds). Hydrogen (amines). Isobutanol (esters). Isopropanol (esters). Magnesium hydroxide (soaps). Methanol (esters). Morpholine (soaps). eioajntng Jbject to for such he eondi* pprovals, nized as es gener- in paper Oxygen (air-blown oils). Pentaerythntol (esters). Polyoxyethylene, molecular weights 200 300, 400, 600. 700. 1,000. 1.540, 1.530. 1,780. 4.600 (esters). polyoxypropylene, molecular weight 2002,000 (esters). Potassium hydroxide (soaps). Propanol (esters). :es listed the limi- 'he fatty derived Propylene glycol (esters). Propylene oxide (esters). Sodium hydroxide (soaps). Sorbitol (esters). Sulfuric acid (sulfated and sulfonated com pounds). Triethanolamine (amides and soaps;. Triisoprop&nolamine (amides and soaps). Trimethylolethane (esters). Zinc hydroxide (soaps). (3) Miscellaneous: 196 i Pood and Drug Administration, HHS Alcohols and ketone alcohols mixture (still- bottom product from C.*-C,. alcohol man ufacturing process). Amyl alcohoL Butoxy polyethylene polypropylene glycol molecular weight 900-4.200. Butoxy-polyoxypropyiene molecular weight 1,000-2,500. Butylated hydroxyanisole. Butylated hydroxytoluene. Calcium lignin sulfonate. Capryl alcohol. p-Chlorometacresol. Cyclohexanol. Diacetyltartanc acid ester of tallow mono- glycende. Diethanolamine. Diethylene criamine. Di-(2-ethylhexyi) phthalate. 2,6-Dlmethyl heptanol-4 (nonyl alcohol). DlmethyJpolysiloxane. Dt-tert-butyl hydroquinone. Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids. Ethanol. 2-Ethylhexanol. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetraso- dium salt. Formaldehyde. Heavy oxo-fraction (a still-bottom product of iso-octyl alcohol manufacture, of ap proximate composition: Octyl alcohol 5 percent nonyl alcohol 10 percent, decyl and higher alcohols 35 percent, esters 45 percent, and soaps 5 percent). 2-Heptadecenyl-4-methyl-4-hydroxyinethyl- 2-oxazollne. Hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2-4-pemanediol). 12-Hydroxysteanc acid. Isobut&nol. Isopropanol. Isopropylamine salt of dodecylbenzene sul fonic acid. Kersosine. Lanolin. Methanol. Methyl 12-hydroxystearate. Methyl taurine-oleic acid condensate, molec ular weight 486. a,a'-[Methylenebis(4-(l.l.3.3-tetramethylbu- tyl)-o-phenylenei]6[OTnepa-hyciroxypoly (oxyechylene)J having 6-7.5 moles of eth ylene oxide per hydioxyl group. Mineral oil. Mono-, dl-, and triisopropanolamine. Mono- and diisopropanolamine stearate. Monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol. Monoelhanolamice. Morpholine. Myristyl alcohol. Naphtha. 0-Naphthol. Nonylphenol. Odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons. Oleyl alcohol. Petrolatum. o-Phenylphenol. Pine oil. Polybutene, hydrogenated: complying the identity prescribed under f 176.37 of this chapter. Polyethylene. Polyethylene, oxidized (air-blown). Polymer derived from IV-vinyl pyrrol and copolymers derived from the r aikyl (C Cw, Cm* Cm* and C.) mt rylate esters, butyl methacrylate Reg. No. 97-88-1). Isobutyl methac CAS Reg. No. 97-86-9) and methyl acrylate (CAS Reg. No. 80-82-6): the bined polymer contains no more t weight percent of polymer units d from JV-vinyJ pyrroildone and is pres a level not to exceed 7 pans per null: weight of the finished dry paper &i perboard fibers. Polyoxyethylene (4 mols) decyl phospi Polyoxyethylene (4 mols) dl(2-ethyl l oate). Polyoxyethylene (IS mols) ester of ros Polyoxyethylene (3-15 mols) tndecyl hoi. Polyoxypropylene. molecular weight 2,000. Polyoxypropylene-polyoxethylene cc sate, minimum molecular weight 950 Polyoxypropylene-ethylene oxide cc sate of ethylene diamine, mol weight 2.700-3.800. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, molecular 40.000. Potassium dlstearyl phosphate. Potassium pentachlorophenate. Potassium trichlorophenate. Rosins and rosin derivatives identif 1 175.105(c)(5) of this chapter. Silica. SUoxanes and silicones, dimethyl, rr hydrogen, reaction products with pc ylene-polypropylene glycoi rnor ether (CAS Reg. No. 71965-38-3). Sodium alkyl (C,-C,) benzene-suifona Sodium dloctyl suifosuccinate. Sodium distearyi phosphate. Sodium lauryl sulfate. Sodium lignin sulfonate. Sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid <3 condensed with formaldehyde (2 mo Sodium orthophenylphenate. Sodium pentachlorophenate. Sodium petroleum sulfonate, mo, weight 440-450. Sodium trichlorophenate. Ste&ryl alcohol. a-iP'( 1.1.3.3`Tetramethylbutyl) phennonylphenyl-. or p-dodecylphenyl 1 -< hydroxypoly(oxyethylene) product '.he condensation of 1 mole of p phenol (alkyl group is l.l.3.3-tetrarr butyl, a propylene trimer isomer, or pylene tetramer isomer) with an a of 1.5-15 moles of ethylene oxide. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. *** 000013^* 197  176.230 Tributoxyethyl phosphate. Tributyl phosphate. "TMdecyl alcohol, echanolamine. ^ethylene glycol di(2-ethyl hexanoate). Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate. Tristearyl phosphate. Wax, petroleum. Type I and Type II. Wax. petroleum (oxidized). Wax (montan). [42 FR 14554. Mar. 15- 1977. as amended at 47 FR 17986, Apr. 27, 1982; 47 FR 46495. Oct. 19. 1962; 47 FR 56845. Dec. 21, 19821 176.230 3.5-DimethyM.3.5.2tftetrahydrothiaduuine-2-thione. 3,5-Dimethyl* l,3,5.2H-tetrahydrothiadiazine-2-thione may safely be used as a preservative in the manufacture and coating of paper and paperboard intended for use in contact with food in accordance with the following pre scribed conditions: (a) It is used as follows: (1) In the manufacture of paper and paperboard as a preservative for sub stances added to the pulp suspension prior to the sheet-forming operation provided that the preservative is vola tilized by heat in the drying and fin ishing of the paper and paperboard. (2) As a preservative for coatings for paper and paperboard. Provided, That the preservative is volatilized by heat in the drying and finishing of the coated paper or paperboard. (b) The quantity used shall not ' '>ed the least amount reasonably .ired to accomplish the intended technical effect and shall not be in tended to nor, in fact, accomplish any physical or technical effect in the food itself. cc) The use of a preservative in any substance or article subject to any reg ulation in Parts 174, 175. 176. 177. 178 and 179.45 of this chapter must comply with any specifications and limitations prescribed by such regula tion for the substance or article. " 176.250 Poly-1.4,7,l0,13-pentaaza-l5hydroxyhexadecane. Poly-l,4,7,10,13-pentaaza-15-hydroxyhexadecane may be safely used as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manu facture of paper and paperboard in tended for use in contact with food in an amount not to exceed that neces 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-88 Edition)* sary to accomplish the intended physi cal or technical effect and not to exceed 6 pounds per ton of finished paper or paperboard. 176.260 Pulp from reclaimed fiber. (a) Pulp from reclaimed fiber may be safely used as a component of articles used in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treat ing. packaging, transporting, or hold?, ing food, subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Pulp from reclaimed fiber is pre pared from the paper and paperboard products described in paragraphs (b) CL) and (2) of this section, by repulping with water to recover the fiber with the least possible amount of nonfibrous substances. (1) Industrial waste from the manu facture of paper and paperboard prod ucts excluding that which bears or contains any poisonous or deleterious substance which is retained in the re covered pulp and that migrates to the food, except as provided in regulations promulgated under sections 406 and 409 of the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act. (2) Salvage from used paper and pa perboard excluding that which (i) bears or contains any poisonous or del eterious substance which is retained in the recovered pulp and that migrates to the food, except as provided in reg ulations promulgated under sections 406 and 409 of the act or (ii) has been used for shipping or handling any such substance. 176.300 Slimicides. (a) Slimicides may be safely used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard that contact food, in accordance with the following prescribed condi tions: (1) Slimicides are used as antimicro bial agents to control slime in the manufacture of paper and paperboard. (2) Subject to any prescribed limita tions. slimicides are prepared from one or more of the slime-control sub stances named in paragraph (c) of this section to which may be added option al adjuvant substances as provided for under paragraph (d) of this section. 198 Food ond Drug Administration, HHS (3) Slimicides are added to the proc ess water used in the production of paper or paperboard, and the quantity added shall not exceed the amount necessary to accomplish the intended technical effect. (b) To insure safe usage, the label or labeling of slimicides shall bear ade quate directions for use. te ci pr ar Ust ot substances Acrowri................................................................................................ Aixanyl (C.a-C,,) dimettiytetnvf-ammonium bromide.................... n.Alkyl (C,r-C,,) dimethyl benzyl ammonium eMonde.................. > .2-Benzisomiaxolm-3-one.......................................................... *' 8is(i.4-eromoacetoxy>-2-butene........ 5 S-BistbromoacetoxymatRyi) rrwiiasane......................................... 2.6-Bistometnylamrametbyl) cyclohexanone.............................. 1 ,2-Bislmonooiomoacetnky) ethane CCA Reg. No. 3705-34-;) At e. Bisltncnionsmethylrturtone.............................................................. 4.0romoacetoxymethy**rrn*ioicotane............................................. 2 Qromo-*'nywonryacetoobenore................................................. 3-Bromo-d-nrtrostyrene......................................................... A' cr.ioroetnvienetMstnocyanaie...................................................... =-ChlOfo-2 - methyl a - isotmazoiin-3-one calcium cmorde and 2-methvt-4-isotmazoiin-3-one calcium chloride mnue ai At r a ratio oi 3 oens to t oart. Cnionnatetj levulintc sods................................................................ C-.ioromethvI outaneOkotSurtonaie............................................ Suonc nitrate............................................................................... -Dialkyl iCir-C.al benzyimethylantmonium cmonae............ ' 2Dibromo-2.4-d>eyanoouiarie (CAS Reg. No.35691-65-7. A< f, c 2 0iwomo-3-nrtntoorooionamKJe................................... At 2 3-OiPrornooroppnawnWe............................................................ 3.5-Dimethyi i .3.5.2/v-ietranvdrotniaoia2ine-2-tnione.................. Diootassium and oisooum etftyienebislditriiocaroa-matej......... Disooium cyanodnraoenoocartionaie............................................. `-vDooecyiguamdjne nydrocnionoe.................................................. 2-(i>hyOro*ypnenyi) gtyoxytohyoroximoylchionde (CASRegis- At a At try No. 34911-46-1). 2-HyWo*Yprooy< methanetfrol sulfonate........................................... Z-Mercaptotiergottaaroie.................................................................... MethyleneotaOutanetrtottuitooate..................................................... Methyleneomniocyanate................................................................. 2-Nrtrooutyt txomoacetate (CA Reg. No 32615-96-6)...... Ma-(Nitroemyl)benzyl) etnytenediamne...................................... ai a Potassium 2-m6rcaotooenzothiMzoto....................................... Potassium /V-nydro*ymetnyi-/V-metnyidithK}cartia-mate ..... Potassium /v^TWthvWrtMoeamacnate................................................ "otassium pentachtoropnenate................................................. Potassium tncnioroonenate.................................................... Silver fluoride.................................................................................. -mir Silver nitrate..................................................................... Sodium dimetrtviartn*>carOamate............................................ Sodium 2-mercaptooenzothiazoie ............................... Sodium oeniachioroonenate............................................... Sodium tncnioroonenaie......................................................... ' 3.6.eTetTaazatncYC!0^6.2.v, 1`1 oooecane ... 2 2 u.A.Tetracntoroietrahvwotmoonene-i. i-ctoxioe ................ 4-rrmoevanomethvitnio> oeittotmazoie.......................................... vmviene bistrsocyanate................................................................. (d) Adjuvant substances permitted to be used in the preparation of sliini- cides include substances generally recognized as safe for use in food, sub- stances generally recognized as safe fo stc an ^ 199 ATTACHMENT III VOC DEFINITIONS AND ISSUES I've attached several articles and trade association communications regarding the Clear Air Act Amendment impact on VOC's. Also attached are multiple state VOC definitions. VVy U0OOX3 776 Educating Congress on the Realities of Clean Air Attainment t Clean air legislation is the top Second, the bills.require that be itself. Congress and EPA need to environmental priority in 1990 for fore proposing any regulations re recognize this important fact and d the United States Congress, the garding consumer products. EPA to adopt an appropriate regulatory Bush Administration, and CSMA. must take into account technical framework. Bills are pending in the Senate feasibility, cost, and competition. Dr. Engel's testimony is repro \ (S. 1630) and in the House of Rep These are important criteria for duced herewith: resentatives (H.R. 3030). As Chem which the industry fought hard. ical Times & Trends goes to press, Thus, in dra fting regulations to re We welcome this opportunity to there is little doubt that 1990 will duce VOC emissions. EPA must testify on legislation that would usher in the passage of the first consider product efficacy. serve to amend the Clean Air Act. major amendments to the Clean Third, the House Energy and The Chemical Specialties Man Air Act since 1977. Commerce Committee included ufacturers Association (CSMA) The Senate and House bills language in its bill that acknowl has a membership of more than would extend coverage of the edges the importance of national 400 firms engaged in the manu Clean Air Act to consumer prod uniformity in regulating con facture. formulation, distribution, ucts for the first time. Both bills sumer products. It w'ould be ca and sale of nonagricultural pesti originally called for a 2-year study lamitous for manufacturers and cides. including antimicrobial by the Environmental Protection marketers of consumer products if products, as well as automotive Agency (EPA) of the contribution states impose different require specialty products, detergents and of commercial and consumer ments for formulation in an effort cleaning compounds, personal products to ozone lor smogj for to improve air quality. Products, care products, and polishes and mation in the lower atmosphere. after all, must move freely in in floor maintenance products for At the conclusion of the study, EPA terstate commerce. Jn an effort to household, institutional, and in is required to draft regulations to achieve uniformity, H.R. 3030 in dustrial use. These products are reduce emissions of volatile or cludes language that requires formulated and packaged in many ganic compounds (VOCs) from se states to consult with EPA before forms and are marketed nation lected categories of products and. adopting any regulations. ally. reduce ozone formation. The lobbying process in (he In addition. CSMA also repre CSMA has been active in edu 101st Congress began when the sents a coalition of industry asso cating Congress on the implica Senate Committee on Environ ciations concerned with regula tions of the clean air bills and is ment and Public Works held hear tions on consumer products leading a consumer products coa ings on S. 1630. Dr. Ralph Engel, which includes the Soap and De lition that seeks to amend the leg president of CSMA, testified on be tergent Association (SDA) and the islation in light of scientific and half of the consumer products in Cosmetics. Toiletries and Fra economic facts. dustry, and urged that the legisla grance Association (CTFA), as That lobbying has been success tion be amended to address the well as a number of companies ful, and the bills have been modi concerns mentioned above, and including several who produce fied in several ways to address the others. Dr. EngeJ stressed that tra ethical and over-the-counter concerns of industry: ditionally the Clean Air Act has pharmaceutical products. First, the study time has been regulated waste and emissions. Both of the nonattainment bills lengthened and both S. 1630 and Regulation of consumer products, now before this committee con H.R. 3030 now call for a three-year however, would entail not waste, tain provisions for the regulation study. but the regulation of the product of volatile organic compound 10 Chemical TIMES & TRENDS VVV 000013777 9 (VOC) emission from commercial and consumer products. Regard less of what has been written and said on the subject, it is impossi ble. at this point, to know how to approach these small sources of emissions with any certainty or knowledge of w'hether it is feasi ble to attempt to control them at all. Commercial and consumer sol vents are an entirely new and unique subject for clean air regu lation. It is a category that cannot be deait with by traditional ap proaches or traditional control strategies. Their contribution to ozone is not at all clear. There is. at this point, simply no reliable data base from which to deter mine that contribution. Neither is it clear that an attempt to control emissions from this source will either be feasible, technically or economically. The products contemplated in proposals to regulate emissions from commercial and consumer products are not of a particular type or class, but cover a universe of commercial, household, and personal care uses--encompass ing more than 700.000 products. Included are personal care prod ucts such as shaving cream, mouthwash, deodorant, perfume shampoo, and sunscreen; home care products such as window cleaner, furniture polish, floor wax. and kitchen cleaners; auto care products such as carburetor cleaners, anti-freeze, and wind shield de-icer; and vital health care products such as disinfect ants, sterilants. insecticides, and medicines. It should be noted that "com mercial and consumer products" could include architectural coat ings, traffic coatings, and aircraft or marine products, etc. I am only addressing consumer products as outlined above. These products cannot be viewed in the same way as tradi tional emission sources. The Clean Air Act, up to this point, has regulated waste emission and not 60 end-use consumer products cre ated for the benefit of society, The regulation of consumer products raises many different issues. In stead of controlling valueless waste, regulation will be directed at products which themselves, be cause of their present composi tion. provide important societal and public health benefits. These benefits have to be considered as part of any regulatory decision. Obviously, it would be bad public policy to require reformulation of medicines, disinfectants, insecti cides, sterilants. and a whole host of other consumer products for clear air purposes without ensur ing that the products will con tinue to be effective. Most consumer products are marketed nationally and rely upon the freedom of movement traditionally and constitutionally accorded to interstate commerce. If anything should move freely in the marketplace, it must be these many products that are such an important part of modern life. Any regulation of emissions from commercial and consumer prod ucts must not erect unnecessary barriers to the free flow of com merce. There must be consistency of regulation in the national mar ketplace. At the verv least, anv federal program should take par ticular care not to create incen tives for states to adopt different or obstructive requirements for commercial and consumer prod ucts. Both of the nonattainment bills currently before this committee move toward addressing some of these concerns. In particular, both S. 1490 and S. 1630 provide for a study of the issues prior to regu lation. Both provide that, when the administrator of the Environ mental Protection Agency does is sue regulations, he must consider technological and economic fea sibility, as well as health, environ mental, and energy impacts. We believe that there are several areas of this legislation in which improvement is most necessary. These are; Four-Year Study Needed Both S. 1490 and S. 1630 provide for a two-year study. During this period. EPA is directed to study and analyze the subject of emis sions from consumer products. We believe this period is insuffi cient. The congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), in its recent study, Catching Our Breath; Next Steps for Reducing Urban Ozone, noted that very lit tle is known about either the ozone contribution or control technology for consumer prod ucts. For this reason. OTA ex cluded consumer products alto gether from its emissions reduc tion potential and cost analyses. CSMA believes that it is unreal istic to expect that this factual vacuum can be filled in a twoyear period. A federal court in New York recently agreed. In re viewing a state implementation plan (SIP) revision regulating con sumer products, the court agreed with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's (DEC) assertion that no valid data existed to regulate these products. In fact, it further agreed that a four-year study would be re quired. There are no facts before this committee which suggest that the New York court was wrong in its assessment. CSMA believes that the best approach is: First, consumer products should be defined and a complete emissions inventory of the ap proximately 700,000 products should be compiled. The next step after the inven tory is established is to initiate a study that would, at a minimum, identify the following: consumer solvent contributions to ozone formation; alternatives for reducing VOC emissions from products; economic, commercial, ana technical feasibility of such methods and alternatives; and assess the net environmental. VVV 000013778 [uly 1991. health, and societal impacts and/or value of such methods and alternatives, The study would assess and aluate such other issues asso ciated with volatile organic com pound emissions from consumer products as are identified during the protocol development process. The study required by the pro tocol would be completed no later than 36 months after the protocol has been developed. The final report would include recommendations with respect to technically, economically, and commercially feasible methods of emissions reduction. Following issuance of the final report, the EPA administrator would be empowered to promul gate regulations to regulate vola tile organic compound emissions into the ambient air from con sumer solvent products. In pro mulgating such regulations, the administrator would take into ac count the recommendations and the conclusions of the report and economic, technical, and commercial feasibility of the rec ommended control measures as well as their net environmental, health, and societal impacts. EPA Discretion At the end of such study, if the EPA administrator finds that reg ulation of the V'OC emissions of any or ail consumer products is beneficial and feasible, then such regulations can be promulgated. It must be made clear in the statute, however, that the administrator's obligation to issue regulations is discretionary and that the exer cise of that discretion depends on the results of the study. Statutory language that requires regulations regardless of the outcome of the study, such as in S. 1630, preju dices the study immediately by prejudging the results before it is even conducted. s Not Acceptable Both bills authorize the admin istrator to employ a system of fees Chemical TIMES & TRENDS as a method of controlling VOC emissions from consumer prod ucts. CSMA submits that any ge neric. unfettered provision au thorizing EPA to assess fees car ries too high a potential to become simply a revenue-raiser unrelated to ozone attainment, and is likely to be viewed by the courts as an unconstitutional delegation of the congressional power to tax. Eco nomic incentives are useful for controlling emissions from sta tionary sources, but not for con trolling emissions from consumer products. They raise the spectre of governmental regulation of the amount of products which may be sold and carry with them the po tential of seriously interfering with the marketability of con sumer products. Consumer Product Norms The interstate commerce clause of the United States Constitution prohibits barriers to the free flow' of commerce among the states. CSMA believes that the goal of consistency of regulation in the national marketplace can be ac commodated with need, under certain compelling and extraor dinary circumstances, for states to adopt additional controls after a finding of need has been made. Current Clean Air Act provisions relating to mobile sources, motor fuels, and aircraft make such an accommodation. Moreover, dur ing the pendency of federal regu lation. the states ought to be called upon to suspend their own efforts to adopt or enforce stand ards relating to emissions from commercial and consumer prod ucts. S. 1490 contains such a pro vision respecting emissions from marine vessels. CSMA believes it is not only appropriate but a must with regard to consumer product regulation as well. Not Stationary Sources Both bills define "stationary source" as being "any source of an air pollutant except those emis sions resulting directly from an internal combustion engine." CSMA urges that this definition be clarified to exclude commer cial and consumer products. The term "stationary source" is a term of art under the Clean Air Act. It triggers many diverse obligations. Commercial and consumer prod ucts should not be included under that definition, but should be treated separately under the spe cific regulatory authorities estab lished by both bills. The addition of language which makes it clear that the term does not include commercial and consumer prod ucts is fully consistent with EPA's intent with respect to S. 1490. In its section by section analysis of the administration's draft bill. EPA described the purpose of this definition of "stationary sources" as being to "confirm that emis sions from movable stationary sources such as mobile asphalt batch mixing trailers and ships at port are subject to the Act's sta tionary source requirements." Unfair Penalties Finally, CSMA is concerned about a provision in S. 1490 in which states are denied credit for emissions reductions achieved by a mandated reduction in the Reid vapor pressure of gasoline or by vehicle tailpipe or evaporative emissions measures. Artificial limits on a state's ability to claim credit for emissions reductions, without equivalent reductions in emissions inventory, unfairly in flate the emissions reduction bur den to be borne by other regulated entities. Reid vapor pressure controls are widely recognized as one of the most effective ozone control strategies, both in terms of emis sions reduction and cost. Model ing shows that these controls can, by themselves, bring some areas into attainment. S. 1490. however, requires the states to devise SIPs which project attainment without being able to count these extremely substantial reductions. For example, if, as a VVV 000013779 61 result of federal controls on Reid vapor pressure, emissions go down by 50%. the state is required to plan as though emissions were not so reduced. Controls on com mercial and consumer products will accordingly have to be far more draconian than the facts would actually justify. Such con straints are inconsistent with the ultimate objective of the bill, which is to achieve the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. Summary CSMA believes that, in the area of commercial and consumer product regulation, both S. 1490 and S. 1G30 benefit from the in quiries and analyses which have been made by both government and industry over the last two years. Both bills reflect a bit more sensitivity to the complexities in volved in any regulation of emis sions from this category of sources. Both reflect an awareness of the need to proceed with care and with significant improve ment. in our view, along the lines discussed. Conclusion We appreciate this opportunity to present our views concerning Ihe appropriate strategy to estab lishing a federal scheme for ad dressing regulations of consumer products as part of a plan for achieving ozone attainment. As this issue 0/Chemical Times 8c Trends goes to press, S. 1630 has passed the Senate and H.fl. 3030 will be considered soon in the full House of Representatives. Mem bers of industry are encouraged to contact the CSMA Legislative Af fairs Department at (202)872-8110 for further information on this im portant issue. F.H. (Chip) Brewer Director CSMA Legislative Affairs F c F c vvv 000013780 T C C h? Tl pr ex pr< co he res pre 62 July 1990 Ch