Document 2jR6e8EbJBZgggqj4XJmR1Gpb

VoL 49 No. 6 Abstracts Nos. 1298*1703 Abstracts on ' , * ilto i m -. Incorporating AhoiBulletin: ".................. Selective and critical abstracts and reviews of world. literature on all aspects of public health including Community medicine Environmental hygiene Occupational hygiene Food and food poisoning Non-communicable diseases Communicable diseases Mycoses Microbiology Immunity ST0095213 BUREAU OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL 0I8EA8E8 KCPm STREET LONDON WC1E 7HT TNaplwm: 01-M MM 362 ABSTRACTS ON HYGIENE Ma> 197* \ 1337 Grsas. G. W. A Lmjmncz. M. Dmt-Abcr rriH--ships la lb* Qubc ikyNlllc hfcXiTArch. Enrlr. Hllti, 1974. v. 21. No. 2, <9-71. In the other 28 cases, both the lack of aexposure and the absence of asbestos fat the lu g tumour indicated that exposure to asbestos is >kx i I " Epidemiological studies of Quebec chrysolite miner* and millers have related various indices of health to dust exposure, as measured with the midget impinfer. The interpretation of these rela tionships in terms of fiber necessitates the conver sion of midget impinger (particle + fiber) counts necessary prerequisite for the development of meso thelioma. The frequency of mesothelioma was : more in mates than in females. No mesothelioma was found in persons under the age of 40 yean ant 80% of the cases occurred In people over the age of 60 year*. Ladldout Matos to membrane filter (fiber) equivalents. Aa investiga tion in which 87 side-by-side midget impinger-,rf 1340J Rosen. P., Savino, A. A Melamed, M. funmembrane filter samples were taken at five mine^ >w<t(bMa> (sshemoO bodies sod primary earrinmm and mills showed that the correlation was poor and of Ihe eoEm.'Jifi. 1. CUn. Path.. 1974, v. <1. No. I. no single conversion factor was justified. Until mote detailed information on the relationships between midget impinger and membrane fitter counts can be obtained, it is recommended that safety standards, at least in this industry, should continue to be based ( on dust counts, for which there is considerable epidemiological support, rather than on fiber counts, for which there is no direct evidence." "There is considerable evidence that asbestos may contribute to the development of mesothelioma and pulmonary carcinoma. It has also been sug gested that asbestos could participate in the genesis of colonic carcinoma. In this study we sought to isolate ferruginous (asbestos) bodies from 21 speci mens of bowel. The majority were from patients k \ t ri <f i i i i svith primary carcinoma of the colon. No true 1338 Beckett. S. T. The evaluation of airborne asheMoa fibres asine scanning electron mlero- seope. Ann. Occup. Hyg., 1973, v. 16, No. 4,40J-8. ferruginous (asbestos) bodies were recovered. The significance of these results is discussed." ("Atypical ferruginous bodies" (Rosen ei at.. " Asbestos fibres sampled on Nuclepore filters can Am. J. CUn. Pathol., 1973, v. 60, 608) were found be directly examined by scanning electron micro in II specimens from 8 patients.] K-B07IZ.scope in much greater detail than is possible using the conventional optical microscope/membrane filter technique. Results obtained by the two methods for 134>lAfaltseva, L M. A Tatanov, Yu. A. \ - in ttfliul dlarsaw of mptratory organa at (Oerar* modem fibres > 3 /um in length were in good agreement. eemroi plant.] Gig. Trnda Prof- Zabot.. 1974, Ni>. The new technique could facilitate the development 3, 14-17. (In Russian.) of automatic counting methods for asbestos fibres." The English summary appended to the paper is n follows: -- 1339 ROttneb, J. R,, Eidenbenz, H. A WOar, W. Pleuramesothelioma in Zurich. [Tb-nral meatsthelloma In Zttrirh.] Schweiz. Med. Wsehr, 1974, v, 104, No. 10. 340-43. English summary. " Data derived from the study into the prevalence of various forms of occupational pathology involving respiratory organs at the plants of the Moscow region producing gggland<emgH,contalnlng up to Epidemiological studies on the frequency of meso 3 per cent of free silica are reported. Medical thelioma usually cover areas in the neighbourhood examinations (721 persons) and roentgenological of the asbestos industry. Thus, the frequency of investigations (1247 persons) of workers in occupa mesothelioma in regions without asbestos industry tional groups exposed to dust hazard revealed in like Zurich seems interesting, as in this case con 9.3 per cent of cases chronic dust-induced bronchitis. tamination of the environment by asbestos as a In 0.62 per cent of Instances -- pneumoconiosis of causative agent of mesotheliomas found In the the 1st stage and in 0.3 per cent of cases occupa general population can be excluded. Between I960 tional bronchial asthma. Gement-induced pneumo and 1972 the Institute of Pathology of the Univer coniosis developed after 20 yean of work at the sity of Zllrich diagnosed mesothelioma in 0-13% of cement plant and was characterized by a benign all autopsies on adults. Of the 29 cases of meso course. In chronic dust-produced bronchitis an thelioma 27 were pleural and 2 peritoneal and In aslhmoid component was seen to occur In 30 and only 1 was there occupational contact with asbestos. Intercurrent pneumonia -- in 22.5 per cent of case*." ST00952IU V-T ....... .' J e reprints of original documents and contain the original illustras. Included are his thesis on microbial transmission by water, ius papers on water sanitation, immunology, taxonomy, toxicology d entomology.--J. W. S. 3268J BOGOVSKI, P. et al. [Ed.j. IARC (International Agency for ch on Cancer) Scientific Publication, No. 8. Biological effects taf asbestos. Proceedings of a Working Conference. Lyon. France. ,Oct. 2-6,1Vr2. xxi+346p. Illus. Map. International Agency for Re search on Cancer: Lyon, France. [Dist. by World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.] 1973[reed. 1974). Pr. Sw. Fr.80.--International studies onthe asbestos problem are reported and evaluated. The epidem iology and pathology of asbestos-associated disease and progress in the related physical and chemical fields are discussed. The methods employed in the studies of the biological effects of asbestos and the clinical, pathologic, experimental oathologic and environmental aspects are described. Chest radiography for detecting and monitoring asbes tos effects; evaluation of effect of asbestos on lung function; counting of asbestos bodies in tissue; assessment of asbestos fiber content of tissues; classification of asbestosis; diagnosis of diffuse mesothelio mas; electron microscopic study of normal, hyperplastic and neo plastic mesothelium; experimental methods for studying effects of asbestos; sampling and analysis of fibrous dusts; chemical character istics of asbestos; instruments useful for identification of single asbes tos fibers in human tissues; and asbestos sources in the environment are discussed. Environmental data in industry and mining, asbestosis and cancer in relation to fiber type, dose, occupation and exposure duration, significance of asbestos burden in lungs and pleura and a review of clinical data on mesotheliomas are presented. Asbestosis and cancer were investigated in textile manufacturing, insulating materials manufacture, asbestos cement workers and amosite, anthophylllte, chrysotile and crocidolite mines and mills. Etiological mechanisms and other factors, e.g. chemical and physical factors and cigarette smoking, were also considered. The industrial uses of asbestos an,T the 1969 United Kingdom Asbestos Regulations were dis cussed and reviewed. Areas needing further research were explored. Individual papers are indexed in BIORESEARCH INDEX.--M. M. ST00952 l8 ST00952I 6 tive tissue cells. Possibly the implanted plastic is a stimulus causing this new elevated steady state. When the regulation mechanisms of the total organism fail (e.g', in old age) and with an increased cell prolife ration in the steady state, uncontrolled tumor growth may occur. /--"tv 2/<5 b 0^461/ REEVES, ANDRL*7 L.*, HENRY E. PURO* and RALPH G. SMTTTr (Pep. Occup. and Environ. Health, Sch. Med., Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mich. 48201, USA ) Inhalation carcinogenesis from various forms of asbestos., ENVIRON RES 8(2)t 178-202. Illus. 1974. [In Engl, with Engl. summ.]--Rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, gerbils and mice were exposed to the Inhalation of chrysotile, crocidolitc or amosite for 2 yr. Mean atmospheric concentrations were 47.9-50.2 mg/m2, but only 0.08-1.82% of the dusts retained fibrous morphology during the dissemination procedure which Involved hammer milling. Trace contamination especially by Cr and Ni was increased. Light microscopic fiber counts/ml chamber air were 54 (chrysotile), 1105 (crocidolite) and 864 (amosite). A fibrogenic response to these dusts was observed in all 3 animal species, the severity corresponding to die extent of exposure (with reaction to chrysotile frequently very slight), Gerbils developed frequent alveolar proteinosis. Mice developed spontaneous papillary carcinomas in the lungs. Disregard ing the latter species, carcinogenic response to asbestos inhalation was restricted to rats and occurred in all 3 exposure groups. There were 2 lung cancers and 1 pleural mesothelioma after chrysotile inha lation; 4 lung cancers after crocidolite inhalation and 1 lung cancer and 2 pleural mesotheliomas after amosite inhalation. These cases constituted 7-9% incidence of malignancy among rats with an adequate survival record. Hypotheses of asbestos carcinogenesis are reviewed. Different etiologic principles may be involved in the causation of lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma.--E. S. 3462. YOSHIOKA, YOSHK). (Cancer Cent. Inst., Nara Med. Univ., Kashihara City, Nara 634, Jpn.) fThe production of interstitial nephri- 15 in rats induced by NDPS and its effect on the development of kidney tumors by^jmethxlnitrosamme.1 J NARA MED ASSOC 25(1/2): 15- . ,us; , 4- Jpn. with Engl, summ.l--Clinicopathological and lCas * Sidneys in rats treated with the nephrotoxic uDstance, N-(3,5-dichiorophenyi) succimide (NDPS) were analyzed or the influence of NDPS on the histological pattern tomors in rats induced bv dimethvlnitrosairiine S T 0 0 9 5 2 I7 14V **4 4 ea.cn expusure level, uie pei eeutagc declines in brain and muscle tissue Pqo were approximately the sai No change in heart rate occurred at either level of CO exposure. A' the conclusion of the experiment, the percentage of carboxyHb had risen to an average of 3.3%. j/ ^ T 060THOMSEN, HENRIK KLEM* and KNUD KJELDSEN. (Dep CHnTChem. A, Rigshosp., Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Cophenhagen 0, Den.) Threshold limit for carbon monoxide-induced myocardial dan An electron microscopic study in rabbits. ARCH ENVIRON HEALT 29(2): nius. 1974. [In Engl, with Engl, summ.]--Rabbits (4 were exposed to CO and the myocardial ultrastructure was studied. The concentration of CO and the exposure time were varied in order to estimate the threshold limit for myocardial damage. Degenerativ changes such as contraction bands, myofibrillar disintegration, mye body formation, and dehiscence of the intercalated disks were seen in rabbits exposed for more than 4 h to CO concentrations higher ths 100 ppm. This high sensitivity of myocardium to CO exposure is explained by the binding of CO to Hb and especially to myoglobin in connection with the prevailing low oxygen tension in normal myo cardium. This study, as well as recent reports on the effect of lowlevel CO exposure in patients with ischemic heart disease, suggest that the CO content in tobacco smoke and in heavily polluted atmospl air may tte deleterious to such patients. A reevaluation of the re commended threshold limit for industrial CQ exposure is proposed. ^7.2J> GROSS, PAUL. (Dep. Pathol., S. C., 80 Barre St., leston, S. C. 29401, USA.) Is short-fibered asbestos dust a biologiccal hazard? ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH 29(2): 115-ITT rdCfin Engl, with Engl, summ.]--Contrary to the determination that the finer the quartz dust, the greater its pathogenicity, the pathogenicity of the finest asbestos dust was shown to be negligible. Research laboratories in Germany, England, South Africa and the USA have found that short-fibered asbestos dust, i.e., less than 5m in length, is incapable of causing fibrosis or cancer. This finding, in conjunction with the failure of different laboratories in the United Kingdom and in the USA to discern abnormalities following prolonged asbestos feeding to rats, should lead to the abandonment of the present concept that maintains that mesotheliomas and gastro intestinal cancers arise from the ingestion of asbestos dust cleared fro the lungs. These negative results should also allay the alarm that has been raised as a result of the finding of ultramicroecopic mineral ibers m certain beverages and drinking water. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzcnschutz 1975, 82(5), 303-15 (Ger). The presence of herbicide residues in drinking water and in foods of animal origin, and the toxicity of these residues are reviewed with 41 refs. The establishment of tolerance and application limits to control the residue concns. is suggested, but the limiting of use of omitrole [Gt-82-5] and 2,4,5-T [93-76-5] in the Federal Republic of Germany was not deemed necessary. loSSSOn Arsenic. Contents and effects in soils and ST00952 I 8 plants. Schocnhnrd, G.; Koenig, W. (Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch., Inst. Nichtparasit. Pflanzenkr., Berlin-Dahlem, Ger.). Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzcnschutz 1975, 82(5), 329-36 (Ger). A review with 4S refs. 15S5S1 p Nitrosamines and their precursors. Dobbertin, S. (Umweltbundesamt Berlin, Berlin, Ger.). Dtsch. Tieraerztl. \Vochenschr. 1975, 82(8), 324-6 (Ger). The occurrence and toxicity of nitrosamines and their precursors, nitrate [14797-55-8], nitrite [14797-65-0], and secondary amines, in drinking water and certain vegetables used as food and animal feed are reviewed* with 13 refs. R-^2) 0.1s Cb \*X 8$ 158582q Asbcstosis. reassessment of the overall problem. Haley, Thomas J. (Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Food Drug Adm., Jefferson, Ark.). J. Pharm. Sci. 1975, 64(9), 1435-49 (Eng). A review with 246 refs, on chem., industrial hygiene, animal and human toxicol., and carcinogenicity of asbestos. -- 15S583r Chemicals, viruses, and cancer. Seemayer, N.; Manojlovic, N. (Med. Inst. Luflhyg. Silikoseforsch., Dusseldorf, Ger.). Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch. 1974, 7, 129-40 (Ger). Viral carcinogenesis and in vitro chem. carcinogenesis, interaction between chem. carcinogens and oncogenic and nononcogenic viruses in in vivo carcinogenesis, and chem. simulation of viral carcinogenesis in vitro are reviewed with 48 refs. 15S5S4s Function of plasma membrane proteins and their significance in air hygiene questions. Stark, Marlies; Bruch, J. (Med. Inst. Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch., Duesseldorf, Ger.). Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch. 1974, 7, 150-6 (Ger). The function of plasma membrane proteins, and their response to inhaled air pollutants are reviewed with 17 refs. 158585t Significance of metabolism in the production of tumors by carcinogenic polyaromatics. Dehnen, W. (Med. Inst. Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch., Duesseldorf, Ger.). Lufthvg. " ' '0-0 r oo tn.A A V, 07 rnfc 1< '`US Ol .IIIIIIMI llllplil, ....V. .... reviewed with 41 refs. The establishment of tolerance and application limits to control the residue concns. is suggested, but the limiting of use of cmitrole [6I-S2-5] and 2,4,5-T [93-76-5] in the Federal Republic of Germany was not deemed necessary. 15S580n Arsenic. Contents and effects in soils and plants. Schocnhard, G.; Koenig, \V. (Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch., Inst. Nichtparasit Pflanzenkr., Berlin-Dahlem, Ger.). Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 1975, S2(5), 329-36 ST00952 I 9 (Ger). A review with 4S refs. 15S5Slp Nitrosamincs and their precursors. Dobbertin, S. (Umweltbundesamt Berlin, Berlin, Ger.). Dtsch. Tieraerztl. Wochenschr. 1975, 82(8), 324-6 (Ger). The occurrence and toxicity of nitrosamines and their precursors, nitrate [14797-55-8], nitrite [14797-65-0], and secondary amines, in drinking water and certain vegetables used as food and animal feed are reviewed*^ with 13 refs. K - h ?) <2 fc> Cft l/fclL 158582q Asbcstosis. ^Reassessment of the overall problem. Haley, Thomas J. (Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Food Drug Adm., Jefferson, Ark.). J. Pharm. Sci. 1975, 64(9), 1435-49 (Eng). A review with 246 refs, on chem., industrial hygiene, animal and human toxicol., and carcinogenicity of asbestos. /**** ` 15S;>S3r Chemicals, viruses, and cancer. Seemayer, N.; Manojlovic, N. (Med. Inst. Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch., Dusseldorf, Ger.). Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch. 1974, 7, 129-40 (Ger). Viral carcinogenesis and in vitro chem. carcinogenesis, interaction between chem. carcinogens and oncogenic and nononcogenic viruses in in vivo carcinogenesis, and chem. simulation of viral carcinogenesis in vitro are reviewed with 48 refs. 15S5S4s Function of plasma membrane proteins and their significance in air hygiene questions. Stark, Marlies; Bruch, J. (Med. Inst. Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch., Duesseldorf, Ger.). Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch. 1974, 7, 150-6 (Ger). The function of plasma membrane proteins, and their response to inhaled air pollutants are reviewed with 17 refs. 15$585t Significance of metabolism in the production of tumors by carcinogenic polyaromatics. Dehnen, W. (Med. Inst. Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch., Duesseldorf, Ger.). Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch. 1973, 6, 28-43 (Ger). A review with 97 refs. 15S5SGu Neural and behavioral toxic aspects of lead action. Winneke, G.; Kastka, J. (Med. Inst.. Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch., Duesseldorf, Ger.). Lufthyg. Silikoseforsch. ----------- n rn i u:i. < ' .ttm. r-,.^ ^ j*