Document 2jDVKgmdQZzL5EBByrNG7XZR7

ALLIED, RESEARCH ETOj ETIN Number - RC 1. Copy for............... '............. SUBJECT TREATED LITHOPONE 7 ;'..Prepared by H. F. Saunders ' aXi'b June 14, 1935 . ' ', ' ' ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Chicago, Illinois 0007-SWP-045331 0007-SWP-000114702 i iTf'iiilfiirw^nfnMWTirri'iBriT-i''.... miitf inmi TREATED LITHOPONE Modified or "treated" pigments are now available in four distinct types. The pigments in each type possess a number of characteris tics which maJce them of interest in the control of certain undesirable properties in paints and enamels, particularly those of the low cost formulations. The exact beliuvior of a treated pigment in a formulation is very definitely dependent upon the nature of the liquids usedj it being possible to accentuate one or more of the special characteristics of the pigment, or, on the other hand, to reduce such characteristic to a point where it is no different from the regular or untreated pigment. Consequently, performance in formulations in general can not be predicted, but, knowing the tendencies of each type, a trial in the formula, substituting a treated pigment of the type showing the de sired tendency for the untreated pigment will give a lead from which modification in the liquids will be indicated. TREATMENT TfPES OF LITH0P0NE I II III IV Miscibility Grinding ease Suspensibility Brushing ease Retarded flow Wetting Increased flow Increased k Io s s Chomicol reactivity Extra leveling Fine texture Increased flow Increased k Io s i Ponolith J type3 Albalith #95 and #106 Permolith #12 and #22 Albalith #35 Permolith #44 Albalitb #94 Ponolith #212, #42 Albalith #107 Permolith #12 and Permolith #22 are offered as of the first type of treatment, and correspond to the Ponolith J treatment and the Albalith #95 and #106 in general properties. In a given formulation the consistency will run approximately that of 461 S, and their use is recomnended: 1. To give retarded flow in formulations in which sagging is troublesome. - 2. To give increased suspension in the package where settling is a problem. 0007-SWP-045332 0007-SWP-000114703 Treated Lithopone Page 2. 3. Tc reduce costs in low priced formulations, through the general principle that it seems possible in e number of cases to reduce the amount of non-volatile in a formula through their use, or to replace seme of tho higher priced oil by a certain amount of fish oil or other lower priced oil. 4. To further reduce costa by trying advantage of the greater ease of mixing in the paint mixer and possible reduction of grind ing time. Permolith #24 corresponds to Permolith #22 except that it carries a considerably lower consistency. It may be used straight or as a percentage with Permolith #12 or #22 to reduce consistency. Permolith #44 is of the second type. It is a low consist ency pigment of increased wetting properties, increased flow and increased gloss. These four pigments, Permolith #12, Permolith #22, Permo lith #24 and Permolith #44 are now available to formulators; and the Allied Research Laboratories is anxious to cooperate with the factories for their utilization in formulations where their particular character istics'would be desirable or have merit. J HFS:AR H. F. Saunders 0007-SWP-045333 0007-SWP-000114704 ALLIED RESEARCH BULLETIN Runber liC-8 Copy for........... .................. SUBJECT USE OF PULP LITHOPONE IN FLAT WALL PAINTS OF THE FLAT-TONE TYPE December 17, 1935 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Chicago, Illinois 0007-SWP-045334 0007-SWP-000114705 liSE OF PULP LITHOPONE IN FLAT WALL PAINTS OF THE FLAT-TONE TYPE December 17, 1935 The technique for the pulping of lithopone has been carefully studied ;and definitely established for operating practice as summarized in last report TSo. EC-6, of September 10, 1935. The pulping procedure determined upori, and as described, has been found fby continued experimental work to be the most suitable for reducing the water "content of the pulp and consequently of the finished paints to the minimum. It '"also serves to bring about a surface condition on the lithopone particles which ^is most compatible with the formulation demands of both flat and semi-gloss paints, In addition, it makes it possible to transmit the pulp through a pipe line. Pulp products of very Satisfactory performance may be obtained by the 'Use of other oils, including Uie blown oils, but they are open to one or more ^objectionable features: either (1) they harry such large percentage 6f entrained water as to be out of the question for quality products\ they () Carry such large percentage of a particular type liquid as to render them : ..udptable to only at . "a limited number of formulations} or (3) they are of such consistency and char acter that they do not lend themselves to economical handling in the Lithopone Plant. Thesa special pulps which have been produced have many desirable char; acteristics and while they should not be considered for use in the high grade flat wall paints of the Flat-Tone type, they way be utilized in the formulation of special types of flats of the semi-paste and ready-to-use typos, where the objections cited above are not important. The high degree of dispersion of the lithopone particles resulting in increased hiding power permits of exceptional economies in formulation. 0007-SWP-045335 0007-SWP-000114706 2- - Having decided upon the preferable technique of pulping for maximum '.usage and having established the specifications on the pulped product (BY/ 150), .the thinning of the pulp for flat wall paints has been conducted along two lines el of experimental endeavor. 1, Blown Oils Because of the experience gained during the last ten years, together with 1 the lower cost of this type liquid, a careful study was made of formulations which night utilize the desirable properties which blown oil imparted to toe old FlatTone. Heat Bodied Oils The favorable characteristics imparted to Hat Wall Paints by this type of vehicle have been generally recognized and were consequently studied as the 'second line of investigation. Attemps to use blown oils as the basic Vehicle have been unsatisfactory. ^They did induce a high degree of case of brushihg, hut the paints were short, ;brush marked badly and lacked wet edge. It was found very definitely that under , the limiting conditions imposed by formulation find application, the blown oils /increased ease of brushing and retarded flow and leveling, while the use of heat bodied oils gave a high degree of flow, some degree of pull under the brush and i; increased consistency. The degree of flow imparted to the paint was proportionate to the degree of bodying of the oil. In the ultimate formulation a balance of these two types of oil was utilized through the liquids (798), a very slightly blown linseed oil, and (2501), a liquid made with a 12 - 14 minute bodied oil base. 0007-SWP-O45336 0007-SWP-000114707 -3- Iti working with the biotin oils there appeared to be very little dif ference in the shortness of the point under the brush with oils of different de grees of oxidation, the brush narking being excessive in the presence of inert pigments, regardless of the tine or degree of the bl.wing, Of course, it has been impossible to cover the entire field, but the results with the different blown oils investigated have been in such complete agreement that further invest igation on this line, was abandoned. Attempts to Compensate for the shortness by the use of high solvent thinners, Solvesso, Pine Oil, Dipenteno, etc, were unsat isfactory. addition of secondary enulsifiers such as basic lead acetate, ,*r Calcium linolente, aluminum naphtheaate, excess lecithin, gloss oil, zinc naphth- pnate, etc. gave but slight improvement, insufficient in proportion to the amount sed to warrant their use. Details cf the many experiments conducted with the various oils and other materials are available to the proper factory officials should be reviewed by them when applying the suggested type of formulation b. large scale factory operations i In general, therefore, as far as use of the blown oils is concerned, it be fairly well stated that for Flat-Tone formulations a snail amount of that -ype liquid may be utilized to produce ease of brushing, and as a balancing conr.ol for lower consistency, but that the major portion cf the binder in the form ation should be the long-flow, heat-bodied type of liquid typically represented (2501). Formula DP 94 is here presented for discussion: 1012 pounds BW 150 90 1552 dry 3-5/8 gallons (798) 3-5/8 " (440) 14-1/4 " (2301) 8-3/4 " (141) 14-3/4 " (348) 100 gallons - theoretical yield. 0007-SWP-045337 0007-SWP-000114708 -4- Base White 150 81.4% (by weight) 461 dry .2 547 " .9 (*) .6 ( 548) 15.9 (348) 1.8 (12)V< .1.0 100 Lecithin The earlier Flat Wall productions from the BW 150 and ns discussed in earlier report No. RC-6 carried extremely high opacity ir. proportion to the itity of Lithopone present, one pound of lithopone in the pulp being equiv- ent to nearly 1.25 pounds of regularly dried and' processed lithopone. This 'igh opacity, in combination with the high degree of brightness necessitated the of a much greater quantity of tinting color to match the color card tints of jfcbe old Flat-Tone. This was considered objectionable and the formula nor/ presented as substantially overcome this objection by decreasing the amount of lithopone .le still retaining a slight, but definite increase in hiding power over the resent Flat-Tone. The use of amorphous silica as 1552 dry as in present Flat-Tone has ~e well recognized objections, such as higher cost, flew retardation, etc. and tempts were made to use the other more desirable extenders available, such as dry. In order to meet the low angular sheen (flatness) desired, substitutions i.th other inerts have not been found desirable. If end when a higher degree of _een is acceptable, a portion of the 1552 dry may be replaced with 20 dry, the .een increasing in proportion to the replacement. 0007-SWP-045338 0007-SWP-000114709 To meet the low consistency factor (thinness) insisted upon by the Soles Department, it was necessary not cnly to sharply reduce the pigment concontra- Ucn, but to use a lithopone of lew oil absorption. It is well established that ItJje pulping process produces a form of pigment tending to settle, since the very K4`> leans necessary to induce pulp formation ore opposed to suspension. It is clso Iknown that the lower the oil absorption of lithopene the greater its settling [tendency. Consequently, it must be recognised that a formulation with such basic kterinls would have a greater tendency toward development of settling troubles the package. The use of suspending agents has been made in an endeavor to correct this objectionable feature. Unfortunately the suspending agent which st experience indicates as most satisfactory, aluminum sterrate, gives heavy consistency and since this heavier consistency is at present considered unde sirable, it can be used only in very snail amounts. 'Mow experience has also hewn that the larger the batch made (heavier equipment) th3 greater the tend- t .- .............. hey toward reduction of consistency. Therefore, it would be expected that the onsistency of the formula when made in the proposed 1000 gallon pebble mill will e somewhat lower than the laboratory runs. If this proves out, it will permit e addition of a pound or more of aluminum stearate to the 100 gallons, which Jill materially aid in suspension in the package. The Lecithin employed acts as a suspending agent and the maximum amount aluminum stearate compatible with the specified consistency as shorn by the snail sized paint batches has been added in the formula. Accelerated settling Jests to date show a condition similar to that of the present Flat-Tone, both as -\ to quantity and character of the settling, but this point can only be determined 0007-SWP-045339 0007-SWP-000114710 6- - ^ith certainty by tine storage tests. Staples covering the range of experimental Endeavor have been set aside for this purpose. Other suspending agents investi gated, such as calcium linoleate, zinc and aluminum naphthenetes, etc. showed .'sene interesting differences in flow, but no particular advantage from the susenciing tingle For other types of formulation, such r.s the lower priced flat and seraigloss paints, which should be of particular interest to several of the affiliated companies, the pulping process con be applied tc higher consistency lithe-pones, jjuch as 461 S and 461 H, so that competitive flat wall paints of the full body type can be prepared with as low as 600 pounds of pulp per 100 gallons (equiv- ent to about 500 pounds of dry lithopone cn a weight basis and 625 pounds on a Jilding power basis) producing flats of acceptable hiding power end at a low cost. In addition, we have found that naphthenete type driers, particularly i, accentuated early settling. The regular (440) shows nost promise. It has n found that gloss oil in conjunction with the naphthen&te driers aids somet, but that the regular (440), oil type drier is still preferable. Further sts are now under way to extend, the study of. the relation uf drier to suspendg qualities ns well as further investigation of miscellaneous suspending agents th regards both suspending and flow. The use of kerosene (141) is dependent cn the degree of wet edge con.idered necessary and perhaps can be replaced entirely with mineral spirits when ~ge production batches are made. This would be desirable as to minimizing ger from "flashing.' f*;r j11 0007-SWP-045340 M: 0007-SWP-00011471 -7- The formulation DP 94 previously given has shown the most satisfactory -around results. The opacity is slightly greater than old Flat-Tone at the gnaal spreading rates. The consistency is in line with the request made by the eg Deportment fer a package consistency usable direct from the can. The flow "leveling ore excellent, definitely superior to the old type. Brushing is - with less tendency for the brush to "ride" Bone what as appears in the old ?t-Tone. The wet edge is satisfactory. Drying under ncrmrl conditions is very ghtly faster than on cid Flat-Tone* and the film after 12 hours is somewhat vj * der. In the DP 94 the brightness has been left as that obtained directly .the material without addition of blue or other agent to effect a lowering of tness. A slight reduction in brightness would seem to be indicated as de le, since it would assist in making the tinting with color more in line with xperier.ee aoquired with old Flat-Tono.. This may easily be tone by addition ^production batches rood the decision should be meue at that time in con- bn with the Sales Department. ./. g Ae compared with old Flat-Tone the pigment/inert ratio of DP 94 ha3 not ^ terially altered, the 1552 dry being 9.95$ of the total dry in the old formV-;'' .against 9.84$ in the DP 94. Also, whereas the old formula carries 1.33 galf ail per 100 pounds of combined pigment, the DP 94 cerries 1.43 gallons per bunds. The slight increase should give a somewhat better film as to tightness "bility. This checks out on a panel test with regular glazing liquid. 0O07-SWP-045341 By Weight Pigment Binder Pigment - Binder Relations Rox 15185 DP 94 83,6$ 83.8$ 10.4 11.2 100. 100. By Volume Pigment Binder 63.2$ 31.8 100. 65.7$ 54.3 100. Weight oer Gallon 15j 65 lbs. 14.25 Mott,-: Weight per gallon cf Martin-Senour Ruu-Tone is 1325 lbs. >.cno Nc-Lustre ' 13.18 " Wall Hide 12.50 " > . : The general production procedure has not been changed from that given in the earlier report RC-6. The tendency for (2301) to separate when too sharply reduced is overcome by the procedure of using all vehicles as one pre-mixed liq- ' uid which is auded tc the pebble mill after the pulp, plus inert extender has been given a preliminary wetting run in the mill. This method is simple end economical, only a short final mix being necessary in the mill to ettain the desired characteristics. The length of time spent in this final mixing controls consistency and flow. i t ; HFS:AR 0t07-SWP-045342 0007-SWP-000114713