Document 2j6XNYXyaoxpjpjBXGzEX195r
ia:2 0AKSR00K DRIVE SUITE'00 NCRCROSS. GA 30093 404-368-9600
12 Octoner 1988
Korn. Kline J Kutner 1845 Wainur. Street
2lsc Floor Philadelphia. PA 19103
.
Attention: Mr. Kurt Straub Attorney at Law
Subject: Technical Report. Occupational Exposures During Processing and Handling of Asbestos-Containing Gas (tecs at Anchor Packing Company. Atlanta. Georgia
Re: McCrone Project No. ME-5396
'
Dear Mr. Straub:
McCrone Environmental Services. Inc. has completed the subject air sampling services as authorized by you. Attached please find our report detailing the methods used, work performed, results of air samples collected and some additional comments on the samples collected as they relate to the Federal standards for asbestos concentrations in the work place (past and present).
We hope you have found our services helpful and our report informative. If you have any questions concerning this report or if we may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our office.
Sincerely
7k
Herman L. Kitt
Michael 0. Mount Field Project Manager
HLK/MDM/pat
Attachments
cc: l) _onald E. Ward Claims Technical Specialist __
a member of the mccrone group
850 PASOUINEUJ DRIVE . WESTMONT. ILLINOIS 60559 312-887-7100
i
TECHNICAL REPORT OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE OP ASBESTOS DURING GASKET HANDLING AND PROCESSING
AT ANCHOR PACKING COMPANY
MARIETTA. GEORGIA MCCRONE PROJECT NO. ME-S396
12 OCTOBER 1988 MCCRONE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES. INC.
NORCROSS. GEORGIA A MEMBER OP
THE MCCRONE GROUP. INC. WESTMONT. ILLINOIS
mccrone environmental services, inc.
[introduction
4so<*stc:s levels in cne work sonce irn measure! as the nu*or uf nbers in a given volume of air. OSHA's permissible exposure limit is currently two reruns (0.21 fibers of asbestos per cubic centimeter of air. tc is in this light tnnr c'his study was conaueted. This paper presents tne findings of the airborne concentrations of asbestos sampled during the processing and handling of Anchor Packing asbestos-containing gasket and packing material in an attempt to determine their contribution to the occupational exposure of asbestos.
METHOD
This study was designed to simulate the occupational exposure to asbestos fibers released during cutting, handling, punching, and scribing of Anchor Packing asbestos-containing gasket materials. To aid in this assessment, activities were defined and broken down into individual styles of gaskets, so each could be addressed, monitored and evaluated separately. All activities and operations involving processing and handling of Anchor Packing gaskets were' conducted at the Anchor Packing Warehouse Facility in Marietta. Georgia by Anchor employees. Air monitoring and sample analysis were performed by McCrone Environmental Services.. Inc. personnel.
. DEFINITION OF THE VARIABLES STUDIED
1) Handling and Processing:
._
These operations include those activities that represent a workers
potential exposure during the process of cutting out and shaping gaskets from
Anchor Packing 400. 424. 425, 459. 480 gasket material and 2X0A packing
material. Likely activities from this operation include cutting and punching
holes in the material. To measure the contribution of these activities, air
samples were collected during cutting (performed using electric scissors), a
scribe, and punching using an industrial punching machine.
The sampling strategy employed was designed to address any potential
exposure to airborne fibers a typical worker might encounter while handling
asbestos-containing gasket materials, both at and around the designated
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*
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these porencini sxDosurss specif; : J1 i / sampies w*r- collected on me
employees performne the operations ireterreU to as persona; snmplesi and those
colleccen in close proximity and remote areas to cne ooeracions (referred to as
general samples). Prior to anv actual monitoring of operations, bacxground
samples were' collected in tfte plant wnere operations were to be performed to
give an indication of cne prevalent fiber concentrations in the surrounding
air.
Air samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with NIOSH
Analytical Method 7400 This method describes the equipment and procedures for
collecting, mounting, sizing and counting fibers to determine the airoorne
concentrations of asbestos fibers. The purpose of this method is to determine
an employee's index of exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. This method is
primarily a personal monitoring technique but can be used for area monitoring.
RESULTS AMD CALCULATIONS
Background samples collected at operations sices prior to any monitored activities indicated prevalent fiber concentrations that ranged from 0.003 fibers per cubic centimeter if/cc) of air to 0.018 f/cc with a mean of 0.0095 f/cc.
Air samples collected during the handling and processing operations were divided into groups of gaskets styles. A total of five styles were used in this study. Personal samples for gaskets ranged from 0.015 f/cc to 0.058 f/cc with a four day mean of 0.035. The general air samples collected during the work that were located about feet away and 40 ft. away from the gasket operations were comparable to the background levels (See Attached Tables).
DISCUSSION "
Samples collecttd during the handling and processing operations represent an average workers exposure during a minimum of 4 hours working with Anchor gasket material styles. A personal sample was also collected during the
mccrone environmental services, inc.
process or' Anchor PacKing materials (:vM jioaj The riOer level inoicorap concentrations similar to those detected during ftanaling of the other aser materials ua-ed in this study.
Fiber concentrations sampled indicated no significant differences in
occuoational exposures between material styles.
Fiber concentrations monitored during handling and processing of Anchor'
Packing gaskets indicate average occupational exposures that are about 1/100 of
the current Federal standard of O.g fibers/cc. based on an 8-hour Time-Weighted
Average
.
CONCLUSIONS
The occupational exposure to asbestos fibers released during handling and processing of Anchor Packing gaskets style is. in worst cases measured in this studv. ten fold below the currently allowed 0.2 fibers/cc Federal standard and below the Occupational Safety and Health Administrations 0.1 fibers/cc action level. These intermittent peak values may be several orders of magnitude higher than an actual 8-hour Time-Weighted Average during the same activity, none the less these concentrations are still considerably lower than both the current Federal standard and the proposed OSHA standard for an 8-hour TWA.
The handling of Anchor gaskets styles should reflect similar conditions of previous years because the gaskets were prepared in substantially the same manner as Anchor Packing prepared the Materials from the 1940's to 1970's. It is reasonable to conclude that the some type of gasket material used in the same Banner from 1940 through 1970 would produce the same contribution to the overall occupational exposure. In this light, one must then compare the concentrations sampled to the Federal Standards for asbestos during the previous years, those being:
Up to.1946 .. 1946 - 1969 .. 1969 - 1972 . . 1972 - 1976 .. 1976 - 1986 . .
1986 - Present
12 eppef (120 fibers/cc) S mppcf (" SO flbers/cc) 2 eppef (* 12 fibers/cc) 5 fibers/cc 2 flbers/cc
0.2 flbers/cc
Thus. Anchor Packing gaskets were found to release fiber concentrations ten fold below tne current Federal Standards.
mccrone environmental services, inc.
APPENDIX A NIOSH ANALYTICAL METHOD P 4 CAM 239: "ASBESTOS PIBERS IN AIR"
A sample is collected by drawing air through a membrane filter by means of a battery-powered personal sampling pump or. for suspected low concentrations of asbestos fibers, a high volume electric pump (ambient air inmpling pump). The filter is transformed from an opaque solid membrane to a homogeneous, optically transparent gei. The fibers are sized and counted using a phase contrast aicroscopy at 400 x magnification.
Asbestos fibers for counting purposes are defined as a particulate which has a physical dimension longer than 5 (five) micrometers and with a length to width ratio of 3:1 or greater.
The accurate calibration of the sampling pump is essentiai to the correct caicuiation of the air volume sampled. The frequency of calibration is dependent on the use. care- and handling to which the pump is subjected. The accuracy of calibration is dependent upon the type of instrument used as a reference. McCrone Environmental Services. Inc. utilizes a one liter buret used as a primary standard which is regarded as the most accurate and lease variable type of calibration for air sampling pumps. For field calibration, a rotameter is a secondary standard, which, due to its high quality, compactness and ease of use. allows on site calibration of the pumps with the filter in line .
OPTIMUM SAMPLING TIMES
The optimum sampling times are dependent on several factors: 1. Microscope count field area: 2. Pump flow rate; 3. Average airborne concentrations; 4. Counting rule range from 20 to 100 fields; 5. Adequate fiber density to obtain a minimum count of -
10 fibers in 100 fields, which is the least total fiber count that yields an acceptable count precision; 6. Background airborne particulate levels that can reduce the.count precision duerto`an obscuring of ~ ' fibers on the filter surface.
nccrone environmental services, inc.
OSHA Federal regulation standards state average exposure as 3-hour Time Weighted Average (TWAJ limits. MeCrone Environmental Services, tnc. makes every attempt to obtain air samples which provide 8-hour TWA exposures so as to be comparable with the Federal standards. MIOSH sampling strategy indicates that a minimum of 70-80* of 3 hours is required to obtain an 8-hour TWa exposure. Sometimes, however, work conditions or shift length on a given day preclude obtaining a sample sufficient to yield an 8-hour TWA exposure.
mccrone environmental services.'inc.
TABLE I
Piber Concentrations During the Handling: of Style 400
Sample Description
Flow (1/aini
Time (minsl
Fiber Density (f/'mm2)
Cone. (f/CC)
Gasket Style
Code
Personnel General ( 6 fti General (40 ft)
3.0 10.0 10.0
240 262 2S9
36.6 35-0 45.2
0.046 0.0051 0.0067
400 400
Four Day Average (not including ambient and background samples)
NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling timerfor-TWA'(Time Weighted Average) In concentration column. "TH" too heavily loaded
mccrone environmental services, inc.
TABLE ri
Fiber Concentrations During tbe Handline of Style 424
Saeole Description
Flow 11/ainj
Tiae tains)
Fiber Density (f/aa^)
Cone. (f 'cc)
Gasket Style
Code
Personnel General ( 6 ftl General (40 ft)
3.0 10.4 10.4
127 450 446
57.3 91.7 112.7
0.058 0.0078 0.0097
424 424
Personnel General ( *5 ft) General (40 ft)
3.0 10.0 10.0
120 140 130
18.4 27.3 16.5
0.019 0.0075 0.0043
424 424
Four Day Averaee (not including aablent and background samples)
NOTE: In code coluan nuabers indicate tbe following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of tbis aetbod 2-Insufflclent sampling tiae. for TWA- {Time Weighted Average) In concentration coluan. *TH" too heavily loaded
mecrone environmental services, inc.
TABLE III
Fiber Concentrations During the Handling of Style 423
Sample Description
Flow (l/min)
Time (mins)
Fiber Density (f/m2j
Cone. (f/cc)
Gasket Style
Code
Personnel General ( 6 ft) General (40 ft)
3.0 10.0 10.0
240 328 270
121.0 26.7 51.3
0.065 0.0073 0.0078
425 425 .
Four Day Average (not including ambient and background samples)
NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficlent sampling tip* for;.-TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column. "THH too heavily loaded
mccrone environmental services, inc.
TABLE IV
.Piber Concentrations During the Handling of Style 459
Sample Description
Flow (l.'ain)
Time (ains)
Fiber Density (f/aa^)
Cone. (f/cc)
Gasket Style
Code
Personnel General ( 6 fti General (40 ft)
3.0 10.0 10.0
120 120 120
IS.3 22.3 22.9
0.019 0.0073 0.0073
439 459
Four Day Average (not including aabient and background samples)
NOTE: In code coluan numbers indicate the following: 1-Nuabar of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of tbis aetbod 2-Insufficient saapling tiae for TWA (Tiae Weighted Average) In concentration coluan, "TH" too heavily loaded
mccrone environmental services, inc.
TABLE V
Piber Concentrations During the Handling of Style 480
Sample Description
Flow 11/min)
Time (mins)
Fiber Density (f/'mm^ j
Cone. (f/cc)
Gasket Style
Code
Personnel General ( S ft) General (40 ft)
3.0 10.0 10.0
240 240 240
42.0 46.5 31.3
0.022 0.0075 0.0051
430 480
Four Day Average (not including ambient and background samples)
NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling time for'TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column. *TH" too heavily loaded
mccrone environmental services, inc.
TABLE VI
Background Concentracions Before Gasket Handling
Sample Description
Flow (1 / i n)
Time (mins t
Fiber Density 11'. mm2)
Cone. (f ec)
Gasket Style
Code
Background Background Background Ambient (Outside
12.0 12.0 12.0 10.0
200 200 200 268
114.0 28.7 19.1 22.9
0.018 0.0046 0.0030 0.015
Building,
Four Oay Average (not Including aabient and background saaples)
NOTE: In code coluan nuabers indicate the following: 1-ffuaber of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this aethod 2-Insufficient saapling tiae for TWA (Tiae Weighted Average) In concentration coluan. .-"TH* *"t6'o heavily loaded ~ '
mccrone environmental services, inc.
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