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1201) 561-6100 C A B L E *SLE1NADH PRODUCT DATA lado ULTRAM ARINE BLUE USED IN THE RUBBER IN D USTRY Ultramarine blue is used extensively in the rubber industry. There are several key uses. It is used to aid in the whiteness of a white rubber, example on a whitewall tire. It is also used for a full color, such as the trademark on a w e ll known brand of basketball shoes. It could be used for hot water bottles, rubber thread, bottle stoppers, color for latex in carpeting and art assortment of mechanical rubber goods. Generally speaking the percentage is ranged from 1/10% fo r whitening of the white rubber to approximately 4% for a full color. Reasons for using ultramarine blue: Non Bleeding - That is, alkali resistance - especially in latex Heat Stability Easy Dispersion Characteristics Rich Red Clean Ultramarine Color Light Fastness Chemically Stable ability Except in acidic i' - lions Non Toxic ------- Note, comparative figures on phthalo versus ultramarine blue in rubber. In rubber 10 to 12:1 stronger than ultramarine blue whereas, normally 20:1 in some other media. For new business the recommended ultramarine blues for Rubber Industry are the #5008 red shade #5021 for the green shade. These are available - Stocked in South Plainfield, N . J . - Chicago, Illinois Not for Distribution PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT WCD-51 1000 CO G LIO N E S T R EET SOUTH PLAINFIELD N J 07060 1 KSYA,eU0 IM P 1 WHIIJAMR,LLMiiyL\n M 2011 5 6 1 .6 1 0 0 CABLE'SLEiNAD' PRODUCT DATA WHITTAKER METALLIC SOAPS When a fa tty acid (such as Stearic) is combined with an alkali such as caustic soda the resultant product is known as a soap. When the soap is made with Stearic Acid it is known in chemistry as a Stearate. This soap, or Stearate, is soluble in water and has been in domestic and industrial uses for years. A number of years ago the chemists found that by replacing the sodium content with a metal such as Aluminum, Zinc, Calcium, Magnesium, or Barium the resultant product was completely insoluble in water. These new products were called Metallic Soaps or Stearates with the name of the metal used as a prefix, i.e. Aluminum Stearate. With this discovery a whole new field of uses were opened up. By employing different methods of production it was found that different grades of metallic stearates could be made. As a result of this we have been able to make a specific Stearate for almost any purpose. Some Stearates, for example Aluminum, were found to possess properties that were not associated with any other compounds. When treated with solvents, like petroleum oils, or for that matter any other oil, animal, vegetable or mineral, or with waxes, they formed gels. It was also found that by regulating the amount of free-fatty acid in the finished Stearate the type of gel and its durability could be controlled or changed. In this respect also the gel forming properties could also be increased or i. ' amount of metallic base .vc Through these means we are able to make Stearates to fit almost any demand of industry. Stearates possess remarkable waterproofing properties. They can be incorporated as a dry powder when the material is mixed; when dissolved in suitable solvents they can be applied to concrete, stucco or plaster as waterproofing. Certain Stearates possess lubricating properties. These are used for mold lubrication in the plastic industry, artificial leather industry, rubber industry and in wire drawing mills; applied as a dry powder which can be dusted into the molds before they are filled. U .S .P . Stearates are widely accepted in the cosmetic industry because of their adhesive or clinging characteristics and their ability to lessen sheen. Among numerous cosmetic uses, Stearates are ingredients in face powder, hand creams, lotions, body dusting powder, medicinal powders and dressings. Continued 1000 COOL1DGE S T R EET SOUTH PLA IN FIELD N J 0 7 0 8 0 I <2011 B1.610O CASL-SLNAO^ M PRODUCT DATA-, 2 WHITTAKER M ETALLIC SOAPS Like pigments, in general Stearates are composed of clusters of individual particle$ whose ultimate size is one micron or less in diameter. When examined by the microscope, they appear colorless and transparent. Their refractive index ranges between 1.36-1.61. Although they are a little heavier than water with specific gravities ranging between 1.007 and 1.230, they are so water repellent that they float even in boiling water. Some Stearates have a greasy or unctuous texture, while others feel dry and will not stick together when compressed. The melting points reveal several interesting features of the Stearates. Some of them, like Zinc Stearate, fuse to a thin liquid within a narrow temperature range. Others, like Aluminum Stearate show an initial softening point and become viscous liquids up to a much higher temperature. Some will not fuse at all but will char and decompose. 1O0O C O O L ID G E S T R E E T SOUTH P LA IN FIELD N J 070 30 PRODUCT DATA-. GLOSSARY OF WC&D M ETALLIC STEARATES ALUMINUM STEARATE A metallic soap used in paints, varnishes and lacquers to give special properties which may be summarized as follows: 1. To thicken oils and organic solvents 2. To aid in suspension and deflocculation of pigments 3. To impart water-proofness 4. To impart flatness to organic finishes 5. A s a surface active agent when it is used as an oil-in-water emulsifier USES Waterproofing, ingredient of lubricants, cutting compounds; cements, flatting agent; cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. GRADES AVAILABLE "K EY" DESCRIPTION 908 Aluminum Stearate Aluminum tri-Stearate high in free fatty acid. Low gel characteristics permit use of this material with minimum bodying. 909.Aluminum. Stearate Hi-gel di-Stearate /or.piufit, .re etc. BARIUM STEARATE Barium Stearate combines lubricating characteristics with good heat stabilizing properties. Its unusual melting characteristics recommend it for use where high melting points are desired. USES Waterproofing agent; lubricant; packing for bearings. GRADE AVAILABLE "KEY" DESCRIPTION 902 Barium Stearate High melting point lubricant for rubber and plastics. Continued 1000 CO O LIO G E ST R EET SOUTH PLA IN FIELD N J 070B0 I ES7ACUSHCQ <090 PRODUCT DATA-i 2 Vv**i/Aa rj /Li Ii Ur t Mi j Divin r*/il i t / ilmi iJ'E*, A m etallic soap used in paints, varnishes and lacquers to accomplish the following purposes: 1. To facilitate wetting of pigments, thereby improving gloss 2. To aid in suspension properties without causing excessive bodying 3. To harden lacquers and varnishes which are used as sanding sealers USES Waterproofing, flatting agent in lacquers; also used in varnish, paints, enamels, plastics; lubricant; emulsions; cements; wax crayons. GRADES AVAILABLE "KEY" DESCRIPTION 1345 Calcium Stearate All-purpose; exceptionally fine uniform particle size. 2284 Calcium Wettable Stearate Water dispersible. 2307 Calcium Food Grade Stearate High bulk material. Provides great covering power and is a most efficient conditioning agent. Can also be offered under Kosher label by special arrangement. LITHIUM STEARATE Lithium Stearate is considered a very efficient lubricant for powdered meted operations, in addition, its oxygen-scavenging e ffe ct promotes the sintering rate in non-ferrous parts. Extra care must be taken when using Lithium Stearate with brass parts, since an excess of stearate can cause some surface discoloration, GRADES AVAILABLE "KEY" DESCRIPTION 1083 Lithium Stearate High degree of lubricity. Sometimes used in greases. Continued 1000 C O O LiD G E STR EET SOUTH. P LA IN FIELD , N J 0 7 0 8 0 1*01 5 6 t-6 O O C aS L E "SL EIN a D" PRODUCT DATA MAGNESIUM STEARATE A m etallic soap used in paints, varnishes and lacquers to give special properties. They are used to aid in suspension and deflocculation of pigments, to impart waterproofness, to form water~in~oU emulsions and to serve as an external and internal lubricant in tableting water colors. USES Dusting powder, flatting agent; in medicines; stabilizer and lubricant for plastics. GRADES AVAILABLE "KEY" DESCRIPTION 905 Magnedum Stearate U .S.P . Standard U .S .P . material (Light Density). Highest degree of lubricity. Recommended for most uses. 2311 Magnesium Stearate U .S.P . U .S.P . Food Grade (Heavy .......... Density)... -.-.-..-- - - - ZINC STEARATE A metallic amp used in paints, <., properties which may be summarized as follows: t >. special 1. To aid in suspension properties with only slight bodying 2. For hardening lacquers and varnishes which are used in sanding sealers 3. For controlling the flow of enamels formulated with rutile-type titanium pigments 4. To aid in flocculating and as an anti-settling agent in zinc chromate primers USES Medicine; cosm etics; drying lubricant in rubber; waterproofing agent; lacquers; plastics; powder metallurgy. GRADES AVAILABLE "K E Y 11DESCRIPTION 695 Zinc Stearate U .S .P . Most commonly used, all purpose cosmetic grade. Has a very fine particle size and tends to be quite fluffy. Continued...... . lOOO C O O L ID G E S T R E E T SO UTH PLA IN FIELD . N J 0 7 0 0 0 ! e4TALlMF0t*0 903 Zinc Stearate 4 904 Zinc Rubber Grade Stearate 1349 Zinc Stearate 2271 Zinc Wettable Stearate 2288 Zinc Stearate 2302 Zinc Heat Stable Stearate 2304 Zinc Hi Temp Stearate 2310 Zinc Stearate 2313 Zinc Stearate LliiJUfl ii!u* 2 0 ! 5 6 5*6 tOO C A B LE "SL Ejn AD* PRODUCT DATA-i Recommended "lacquer ttrnria '> cr -- - Standard lubricant and dusting agent for rubber application. All purpose grade. Aqueous products. Stir-in grade developed for lacquer manufacturers. Heat-stable grade. Especially developed for polystyrene. Used where a lower bulking material is desired or where ease of dispersion is important, f e c i a l "non-agglomerating" product for surface treatment applications and for rubber if 904 not satisfactory. Non-blooming stir-in grade for sealer lacquers. Shows excellent suspension. Higher apparent density (lower bulk value) than 904. Freer-flowing and useful where it is desirable to apply a thicker, but uniform, zinc stearate coating to uncured rubber sock. 1000 CO O LID G E S T R EET SOUTH P LA IN FIELD N J 0 70 80 STEARATES FOR PAINT, LACQUER AND PRINTING INK ;; ALUMINUM STEARATE - ' Historically, Aluminum Stearates have been used for suspension in oleo resinous paints- --f i 'j l '' -----; f r - a s While there are other types of suspensroTads now on the ^ ' V g y-T~ 4, * ^ - , . f l . --,, , ,-1 , j - -Miyir , 1- 1 t f * j. *) ry t f - 1* ,,,, Stearate based on the: weight o f pigment .is t h e r e c o m m e n d e d level. MAGNESIUM STEARATE Magnesium Stearate is. u s e d a s a flatting a gent for paints, v a r n i s h e s a n d lacquer. You would use it in place o the Aluminum where there.was a concern; as to the increase i n .viscosity .in aging. In other words, the -Caleiumdaes not increase viscosity as much as the Aluminum Stearate. Calcium Stearate can be u s e d a s .a s u s p e n s i p n a g e n t Again i t s.-'.npt:>:as .*ectxve^a^i the Hi :.V.y Aluminumstearate . JTTY mm p re v e n ts an ingredient of jputtv. As a n ingredient in puttyf it r the o i l s .from-'th*- -tin ' canned p r o d u c t . raisp .aim v a i m y a removers -- as ryou,.icnoHr9 are.JbCitSiiliipid and paste or cream consistency. Remover - is the Aluminum Stearate>can:be u s e d to body the .-paint remover and retard ;,,the evaporation. Printing .inks - mm mm you will find here that there is a-bigger potential per gallon .usage for the use of Aluminum Stearate as a bodying agent. Also used as water.proofing aids in this area. t r-LAGQUERS- --.-VV0S; Zinc Stearates are used extensively in sanding sealers in the;lacquer industry^ Zinc Stearates assist in t h e ;penetration o f wet pores. It "is ? colorless and we particularly recommend our #2310 - this is a non-blooming zinc stearate, stir in.grade. ^vfi-0 I; Fhenolics Calcium Stearate Zinc Stearate Polystyrene Polyethylene #1345 #904 - < There is very little usage of Stearates here, occasionally some Zinc for lubricity. " ^f'b i y p r o p y i e i ie ----------- -- -------------- ---------- - - ~ .............................................. :------------ : Calcium Stearate Zinc Stearate #1345 #2304 * - recommended to improvepigment , dispersion ABS.xesins .. ...v . Polyesters Zinc Stearate #904 Calcium Stearate #2286 . Vinyl \ This is a very specialyzed area of Stearates. I a going to list below recommendations, however, you wiil find withrmost'-vinyl^manufacturers that they us e ivhat are known as vinyl stabilizers. Vinylrstabilizers are .in actuality-metallic.soaps both: in liquid ;a^dfpowdered;;form. I n ;practically ill cases they are blends of several metals. Pxij^ri^,rzBa^iun^Li^dmiuia_ and Zincs with some use of leads and sbme of Calcium. While: these are -and^i t .-is- a very i very -specialyzed are?) ,, Tn;;many-?casesthe'?stabilizers"axe-rcustora mixed by .vthe - m a n u f a c W < .< - specific requirements ;oiv-the -'particular vinyl plastic manufacturer. Your competition in this particular field would b e Nuodex, Argus, division of -W i t c o , Ferro, a n d -Advance - division of C a rlyle ^.Chemical, h o w e v e r , for the record, h ere again is a rundown of .possible recommendations. In rigid.vinyls: .,,Calcium . S t e a r a t e ____ , .#1345 I I I E la s ix s b ls - ----- ............................IZ Z Z Z Z I _ Aluminum Stearate #907 - used as a vicosity modifier Aluminum Stearate #914 - used as a-pre-gel in OOP Plasticizers Vinyl" Film * #2314 Cadmium Stearate serves as a light stabilizer Barium' # 9 0 2 for .long. term, heat - Zinc #2304 for early ...color.,hold As I mentioned earlier by and large these are blended by the chemical manufacturers. I trust this will give you a start on your Stearate ' rogram. * STEARATES The people making Stearates would be Par sons-Plymouth, division of C o m Products, Witco Chemical, Harsbaw, Mallinckrodt, Nopco trade name Metasap, Nirodesrdivision o f Tennacp_ _and American Cyanamid. I would imagine the L woiild b e l&iodex who has a regional office and warehouse facilities throughout the Southeast and Nopco, who make some of their Stearates in Cedar town, Georgia. Overall, Witco is probably the strongest on a national basis. You will find the other people popping up in various areas. American Cyanamid is probably the smallest and generally make very little effort on their Stearate marketing. There is one other Synpron, from. Cleveland, who are 'known primarily as price cutters. Whittaker Stearates are manufactured to our specifications in Newark, New Jersey. I have put together a cross-index showing the Whittaker Stearates and the competitive numbers. ju asked specifically for general rundown on usage in the plastic industry; the following should give you a good starting base. old. release agents, genex. flatting agents, stabilizers and gelling agents. ts, scavengers, The main usage is as a lubricant? to improve melt flow but mre important to aid in mold release. Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc Stearates serve these purposes. Zinc is used because of its inherent high lubricity. One would use Magnesium or Calcium when the need forhigher.melting point justifies a -.sacrifice, in iubricating efficiency .-- ....... ...... - ---- --- -- -- -- The point of lubricity is not only for better finished plastic product but to minimize wear on the metal molds. The Stearates are added to the mix in m o s f cases and is usually about 1% Stearate based on the weight of the resin, however, this can vary from 3/4 to 1% to 2h% depending on demands. I will list below the various types of plastics and suggested Stearates to be used. (201)561-6100 CABLE "SL6INAD" d Q j fr iVAOWSHCO90 Qjy Qjj ________ _ ! Product Bright- Absorption Through Hegman pH I Number ness (Rub-Out! 325 Mesh Fineness____________ p l i ' 5 1! 86 1 123 l 91 22 98.00 1.5 32 96.00 9.8 7.7 ! i. 128 I! 89 29 89.00 141 I 92+ 38 100.00 5.0 ! 150 ! 67 29 95.00 2.5 ) 367 | 60 24 96.00 2 7.7 7.7 9.0 9.6 _____________________P R O D U C T D A T A Specific Descriptions Applications Gravity___________________________________________________________________ 2.80 CryptoCrystalline G-1-2 2.70 U.S.P.Lo-SolubleSalts ) G2.70 U.S.P.Lo-SolubleSalts > Pencils 2.70 .S.P.Lo-SolubleSaits ) ToyCoatings 2.78 Feathering-Sanding 8-9 2.90 LowCost-OffColor 8-9 j 399 ! 92+j 50 100.00 6.0 8.7 2.70 EasyDispersing G-4-6-7 ! 462 I 84 ! 505 | 88 l 971 ls, 87 ! 1196 { 87 35 99.00 3.5 8.5 2.85 Lo-SolubleSalts 26 99.00 2.5 9.5 2.80 Crypto-Crystalline 26 99.00 3.0 8.7 2.76 Platey 36 100.00 5.5 8.5 2.65 Low-Micron G-89 G-2 G-1 G-3-4 !pI1a1313 Vl i < 92+ 34 99.00 3.5 9.0 2.88 Soft-Platey G-1-5 ........1 1* .....:. \ 1726 | 90 42 100.00 4.5 8.0 'J | 1731 j 91 38 100.00 6.0 8.6 2.70 EasyDispersing G-1-5-7 G-1-3-4-6 ] 1767 | 60 27 99.00 2.0 9.3 2.80 PlateyLowColor G-1-3-6-7 lJ 2131 |( 87 sj 2610 i$ 92 I 2620 [ 84 Il | 2755 j 92 j 2789 j 89 26 99.00 3.0 8.3 2.70 Platey 51 100.00 6.5 8.8 2.70 Platey-LowMicron 28 100.00 4.0 50 100.00 6.0 9.0 8.5 2.70 2.70 FUEia.nSse.yPW.DLhisoiptweerMsinicgron 29 98.00 3.5 8.5 2.76 Platey G-1 G-4-6-7 G-1 G-4-6-7 G- j 2794 i 92 !$2798 ! ` 92 f 4404 I 88 27 99.99 4.0 8.3 2.70 Platey 39 100.00 5.5 9.5 2.70 Low-Micron 40 99.80 5.5 9.5 2.70 Platey G-1-3-6 G-1-3-6 G-1-5-7 jl 4416 j 86 40 99.90 6.5 9.5 2.70 Platey i \ j G-1-5-7 CODE FO R APPLICATIONS G GENERAL f 1 EX T ER IO R PAINTS 2 CAULKING - PUTTY 4 VISCOSITY AND GLOSS CONTROL 5 IN TER IO R EM ULSION PAINTS 7 IN TER IO R PAINTS 8 AUTO PATCHING COMPOUNDS 1 3 PRIM ER -S U R F A C E R 6 SEA LER AND UNDERCOATS 9 ASPHALT EM ULSIONS | The above information has been carefully prepared and we believe it to be entirely correct, i-- However, it is furnished gratis for your guidance only and is without guarantee. -- WHITTAKER, C L A R K & DANIELS, INC, 1000 COOLIDGE STREET S O U T H PLAINFIELD, N.J. 0 7 0 8 0 TELEPHONE: 201-561-6100 >'A3U (zT m ) I VAftW H <* S. io n < !< 4 ieo c a * u ? 'S l jn a o * ------------- PRODUCT DATA MAGNESIUM SILICATE TALC The designation " ta lc " covers a wide range o f natural products, The given theoretical formula fo r ta lc mineral (hydrated magnesium s i l i c a t e ) corresponds to a weight ra tio o f magnesia (MgO) to s ilic a (Si02) o f about 1/2 but in actual p ractice th is ra tio may reach or exceed 1:1, For reporting purposes, t a lc , soapstone, s te a tite and Asbestine are considered? as a group. Soapstone refers to a ta lclik e material o f variable composition containing s u ffic ie n t im purities to prevent i t s use in applications requiring white color or chemical p u r ity . Ste a tite refers to a p articu larly massive compact form o f t a lc and d iffe r s from soapstone in terms o f it s rela tive purity (Soapstone may only contain 50% t a lc ) . To q u a lify as a s te a tite grade ta lc , i t must contain le s s than 1,5% CaO, 1,5% Fe203, and 4% A1203, Asbestine is a fibrou s form o f t a lc that i s mined in the northern section o f New fork State In view o f the many composition variables associated with ta lc , i t understandable the ta lc o f commerce may not always contain the mineral ta lc a major con stituent although th is is usually the case. I t also explains ; many grades o f ta lc that are offered as commercial pigments to Industry, ' The types and amount o f mineral impurities associated with ta lc are more le s s in d ica tiv e o f the areas from which they are mined, Montana deposits , very nearly pure t a lc . New York ta lcs commonly contain only about 20% to . o f mineral t a lc , Vermont ta lc s are high in magnesite, Texas ta lc s run high dolomite, and C a lifo rn ia ta lc s vary in associated mineral content depending th e ir re la tiv e softn ess or hardness f Ji The f i v e prin cipal United States ta lc mining d is t r ic t s are C a liforn ia , Nevada, Montana, New York and Vermont, Texas, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, although not lis t e d among the top fi v e , are sig n ifica n t in ta lc mining. The purest ta lc s that approach theoretical p u rity , are characterized by the whitest co lo r, and command the highest p rice . Pure ta lc i s the so fte st known mineral, e xh ib its hydrophobic surface prop erties, and has a slippery f e e l . Although pure ta lc is the standard fo r so ftn e ss o f 1 on the mob scale ( diamond-10} commercial products may be le s s s o ft due to the presence o f im purities or associated minerals such as c a lc i t e , trem olite and s ilic io u s m aterials. Magnesium i s the eighth most abundant element in the ea rth 's cru st, the sixth most abundant element in the sun's atmosphere, and in the form of magnesium s i li c a t e i s the second most important component o f m eteorites. AAAKBPXKZ C F-B A LL-2 continued, . , , W-16 iOOO C O O I.ID G E S T R E E T S O U T H P L A IN F IE L D . N J 0 7 0 8 0 *YAUHKO tD Magnesium S ilic a t e Talc (continued) ) I lo ti t-BlOO CABLE 'B teiN A O ' II. PRODUCT DATA-i Page 2 The color o f natural ta lc i s white, gray, yellow , or a greenish shade and is cha ract&rxz&c! by *?. s ilv e r y or rl 1ik<$ lust#?* I t occurs in vsins 2nd/or masses formed from preexisting mineral aggregates. The entire ta lc vein can seldom be completely extracted because o f ore d ilu tio n with detrimental adjacent rock. Discounting minor yearly flu ctuations the consumption o f ta lc domesticallyproduced has grown at an annual rate o f 4% since I960 and th is trend is expected to continue. About 40% o f the t a lc sold in the past has been low cost and low quality product. Industry i s looking more and more to the better grades of ta lc and th e ir controlled physical and chemical ch a ra cteristics. Talc i s probably used in a wider variety organic coatings than any other single extender pigment. This widespread u tiliz a tio n o f ta lc pigment is well ju s t i f i e d . Talc pigments are normally self-suspending in paint veh icles. Moreover, they a s s is t in keeping associated, pigments also suspended, Whatever s e t t lin g occur i s generally s o ft and readily redispersed (platy ta lcs are especially e ffe ctiv e fo r antisettling behavior). Talcs disperse with re la tiv e ease..in most...paint v e h ic le s. ...Certain grades are e sp e cia lly useful fo r incorporation in aqueous systems. Sinoe ta lc s chalk more readily than most extenders, they are frequently used in a compromise pigment combination (fo r instance with ground limestone) to provide controlled chalking ( s e lf cleaning exterior paints)-, Most paint-grade ta lc s possess both a high s p e c ific surface area and a fa ir ly high o il absorption capacity. Although these properties lim it the amount of t a lc that can be incorporated in a paint, th e ir presence in moderate amounts contribute to improved rehological properties (a n tise ttlin g , brushability, sa tisfa cto ry le ve lin g and antisag). Certain ta lc s impart a fla ttin g e ffe c t that can be used to control the gloss of enamels (high-purity Montana ta lc is reported as ideal fo r th is purpose). These ta lc s are generally lo-micron grades with a top siz e below 25 microns and readily d isp ersib le s t i r - i n extender pigments producing Hegman fineness values o f 5 and above in high-speed paint mixing equipment. In wall paint formulations th eir use resu lts in improved brushability and clean-up. The fin e s t lo-micron ta lc s produce excellen t fla t t in g , good low-angle sheen, and good resistance to burnishing. In primers they exh ib it excelle n t suspension, holdout, and sanding properties. continued.. , . too C O O LIO O E S T R E E T SOUTH PLA IN FIELD . N J O 7080 t#fAU*M CP Magnesium S ilic a t e Talc (continued) 2 0 n 5 t-4 !0 0 CAIM .E **U fN A D * PRODUCT DATA-. Page 3 Both a cicu lar and platy ta lcs improve the bonding prop erties. film toughness and du rab ility o f paints. Of the two, the pla ty ta lc s are claimed as more e ffe c t iv e in upgrading the physical properties o f a paint. Platy ta lcs also appear superior to fibrous ta lcs in improving the water and humidity resistance o f a paint film (less permeable due to physical configuration). On the other hand fibrou s ta lcs are preferred fo r imparting better b lis te r resistance. It I t is stated that ta lcs are equal or somewhat superior to other extenders in resistin g corrosion influences. The platy and granular ta lc s lik e the lo-micron grades are especially prized in metal primers due to th eir excellent sanding properties and in top coats due to th e ir contribution to burnish resistance and good scru b a b ility. A ll ta lc s e x h ib it outstanding holdout properties. However, the platy grades are by far superior. The r e la tiv e ly coarse grades are u tiliz e d where residual surface roughness . (tooth) i s desirable such as fo r wall primers, undercoaters, and texture p a in ts. Talc i s commonly u s e d in w h it e lin s e e d o il house p a in ts, t r a ffic pain ts, latex p a in ts, industrial undercoats, and structural s te e l primers, T alcs tend to be commodity pigments in that products from d iffere n t manufacturers are frequently used interchangeably. However in view o f the many c;- v ; of-' on, the form ulator should c a r e fu lly evaluate the e f fe c t o f the replacement ta lc on the performance o f the end compositions before committing himself to th is substitution. Talcs are supplied in a broad range o f p a rticle size s and d istrib u tio n s, fu rth er d iv e rsifica tio n s arise from the fa ct that, depending on the ta lc source, ta lc s vary gre a tly in p a rticle shape. Thus the ta lc pigment may be predominantly acicu lar, fib ro u s, granular, or p la ty . The method of reducing the crude ore to pigment p a rticle size has l i t t l e to do with the ta lc p a rticle con figuration, the origin o f the talc being a ll important. In view o f th is situ a tio n , it is understandable that a ta lc manufacturer may stock as many as 70 standard grades o f ta lc fo r sale to industry, a ll o f which are designed fo r d e fin ite end uses. Xt also suggests that consultation with the technical personnel o f a ta lc manufacturer is in order when a customer introduces ta lc pigment into his product. Xt i s the p o licy o f Whittaker, Clark & Daniels to make available ta lc products e sp e c ia lly designed fo r use by the paint industry at stra teg ic points throughout the country. Thus industry can have the advantage of not only a ready supply o f a selected product, but also a product that is economically desirable W-106 lO O O C O O L I O G E S T R E E T . S O U T H P L A I N F IE L D - N i 0 7 0 8 0 " f <2Q1 i9e**i1O0 C A * L E "K lg tN A O ' PRODUCT DATA-i 399 MAGNESIUM SILICATE S .F . No. 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e is a low micron magnesium s ilic a t e (ta lc) which has been produced by Whittaker, Clark s Daniels fo r a number of years. This ta lc has gradually grown to become the standard o f comparisons fo r a ll low micron ta lc s , No, 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e is ground from a Montana ore and is extremely white in c o lo r. I t i s used in various ways in the paint and printing ink in d u str ie s. The popularity o f No. 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e S .F , has increased considerably with the increased popularity in the use o f new manufacturing f a c i l i t i e s fo r paint products. No. 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e S .F , is an ideal pigment, not only fo r it s original in ten t o f use in production enamels and other paints fo r sheen control, but because o f i t s fin e p a rticle size and p a r tic le s iz e distrib u tion uniformity from lo t to l o t , bag to bag, No. 399 Lo~Micron Magnesium S ilic a t e is an ideal pigment fo r formulations which are processed on high speed dispersors and/or sand m ills. No. 399 Lo-Micron Magnesium S ilic a t e s t i l l retains i t s popularity as a fo r m la tin g tool fo r sheen control where the sheen o f the finished enamel must be uniform on a ll parts o f assembled item. Representative o f th is type of work would be metal ' " various heavy to y s and i -nd a ll J items which are pioueoe ju j.iiuj.vidual p ie c e s and assemble on any assemoly lin e. i The reason f o r t h is is that most paint batches o f enamels when they come down fo r fin a l in spection vary somewhat in the degree o f gloss and the item which is to be coated with th is enamel must naturally have and maintain a uniform gloss or when the assembled parts were fin a lly put together in the finished product, i t would be rather a sorry looking manufactured piece because of variations in g lo ss from part to part. No. 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e S .F . is used at th is point in the manufacture of enamels to bring the gloss to a uniform standard and is introduced by the paint manufacturer e ith e r by sprinkling into the fin ish e d batch and dispersing under the mixing paddles or by having the No. 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e pre-wet in some dilu en t or so lven t that is already in the formula and introducing i t at the end o f the batch rake-up in th is form so that there are no possible opportunities f o r any t a lc p a r tic le s to agglomerate and cause trouble eith er in the straining o r in the fin a l fin is h by showing speckiness. W -106 continued lOOO C O O U D G E S T R E E T SOUTH PLA IN FIELD . H.J 0 7 0 8 0 I trtAiuiHsc B , (U H ( M NIEIS, IK t i o u 5*t-<M00 C A tE ' L C IN A P * PRODUCT DATA-, 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e S .F . (continued) There are several ta lcs which are sold in th is category, but No. 399 Magnesium S i lic a t e S .F . i s by fa r the most e f f ic ie n t both from a standpoint o f the reducing o f the gloss o f the paint by the nonsettling ch a racteristics and also by the ease o f dispersion and the s lig h t increase in v is c o s itie s attributed to th e in troduction o f Magnesium S ilic a t e S .F . to the formula. There are some specialized purposes fo r some o f the competitive low micron materials which might act as su bstitu tes fo r No, 399 Magnesium S i lic a t e , but in general use none o f the competitive materials make a sa tisfa ctory overall su b stitu te fo r No. 399, No. 399 Magnesium S ilc ia te S .F . i s also widely used in plants where i t has been introduced ( f i r s t as a sheen control item) as a formulating tool in the manufacture o f q u ality satin egg sh ell and f l a t enamel paints fo r general trade s a le s . One reason for th is is that formulations made with No. 399 never lose nor change the g loss readings which were obtained on the dried film s when the enamel was f i r s t made. This is re a lly q u ite a problem in the manufacture of th is type o f trade sales goods because on standing, egg sh ell and f l a t enamels generally increase in sheen unless No. 399 Magnesium S ilic a t e i s used as the sheen control item. 399 MAGNESIUM S1EICATE S .F . Material 399 Begaan Test 6+ :,'C)S O 1/4ti 1/2# iti 100 KO 105 m 120 KU Glossmeter Rea.c in;? l/4ti l/2ti 78 50 i 37 1731 6 99 101 112 84 70 54 W-1Q6 IOOO C O O U D G E S T R E E T SO U TH P LA IN FIELD . N J 0 7 0 9 0 I 1011 t - I O O C A U E - I t f l N A O ' PRODUCT DATA-i BARYTES functional Applications Paints - A major u t iliz a t io n o f barytes in paints is in the formulation of industrial undercoats and esp ecia lly industrial primers. The nodular structure o f the barytes p a r tic le s and th eir low o il absorption or o il demand permit the formulations o f primers possesssing good le v e lin g and excellen t build properties with associated good enamel holdout. As a r e s u lt, subsequent top coats exhibit outstanding gloss. The chemical in ertness o f barytes also recommends i t s use in designing chemically resista n t coatings that mast withstand the attack of a cids, a lk a lis and corrosive gases. Due to i t s high index o f refraction (for an extender pigment), barytes functions as a weak white pigment in water paints and provide a moderate degreee o f hiding power. In o il paints i t is e ss e n tia lly transparent, but because o f i t s low tin tin g strength, i t o ffers a good extender base fo r the incorporation o f both white and colored pigments. Barytes is occasionally employed to improve the dispersion properties of certain inorganic pigments. In flo o r coatings i t d e n sitie s the coating.and imparts.. wear.r e s is ta n c e .................. Barytes i s also used in f l a t in terio r w allpaints. Barytes in some formulations e ffe c t s the speed o f dry semigloss la tex paints, imparts a harder film without loss of gloss. floorin g ** Barytes i s commonly used in the manufacture of linoleum and composition flo o r in g . I t readily disperses in most binder systems to yield flo o rin g products that are highly resistant to abrasives and heavy t r a f f ic conditions. Rubber - High loadings o f barytes can be readily incorporated with elastomers to provide dense elastom eric products. Such heavy rubber of reasonable toughness are occasion ally desirable where weighting is necessary. Ceramics - A coarse grade o f barytes is used in the glass industry where the flu x in g action o f the barium sulphate is u tiliz e d to reduce the melting point o f the glass m elt. The high index o f refraction o f the barite also Imparts a degree o f sparkle to the g la ss. Well D rillin g - A fin e grade o f barytes is used in the formulation o f o il well slu r r ie s arid d r illin g muds. During the d r illin g operations the ground rock and debris that accumulates must be removed. This is done by f i r s t suspending th is accumulated material in a slurry of barytes. The high density of the slurry prevents the s e t t lin g o f the rock p a r tic le s . The suspension of the d r illin g s or residual in the ba rite slu rry is removed by pumping. Also the addition of barytes tends to s u ffic ie n t ly weigh the water slurry above the d r ill to prevent gases from blowing out through the casing w alls. W -106 1000 COOLIOGE STREET s o u t h Pl a in fie l d . n .j . otoso " " ;* U AAAKBPXLA C F-B A LL-3