Document 2RDbX09kNRV6m1xZ5kDvY15ER

214 CHAPTER 12 1948 Guide NX I and in the clothing during previous subjection to hot and humid outside conditions.. While studies 21 have shown that for-healtfry individuals this shock is not harmful under some conditions it may be unpleasant or even harmful. People entering and remaining in cooled spaces for short periods, 15 min or less, may be satisfied with less cooling. For long occupancy very, little deviation from the optimum effective temperature is indicated. An.exit shock upon re-entering a warm atmosphere is equally plausible. Experiments at the A.S.H.V.E. Research Laboratory22 indicated no demonstrable harm to a healthy individual. Acclimatization occurred .Fig. 11 Relation Between Effective Temperature and Percentage Observations Indicating Comfort as soon as normal perspiration was established. Mild exercise shortened the adaptation time. A great number of persons seem to be fairly content in summer with a higher plane of indoor temperature. Studies by the University of Illinois22 in cooperation with the A.S.H.V.E. Committee on Research indicate that effective temperatures as high as 74.5 deg are acceptable in the living quarters of a residence, and while this condition is not repre sentative of optimum comfort it provides sufficient relief in hot weather to be acceptable to the majority of users, in the interest of economy. Individual differences of comfort among the minority should be counter acted by suitable clothing. Satisfactory comfort conditions for persons at work 24 vary depending upon the rate of work and the amount of clothing worn. In general, the Physiological Principlei 215 greater the degree of activity, the lower the effective temperature neces sary for comfort. For prematurely born infants, the optimum temperature. varies from 100 to 75 F, depending upon the stage of development. The optimum relative humidity for these infants is placed at 65 per cent25. No;data are yet available on the optimum air conditions for full term infants and young children up to school age. Satisfactory air conditions for these age groups are assumed to vary from 75 to 68 F with natural indoor humidities. For children (having high metabolism) at school, in winter clothes, 70 F has been considered correct, while in a gymnasium 55 F has been recom mended. references Code of Minimum Requirements for Comfort Air Conditioning (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoI. 44, 1938, p. 27). 2"A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1031--Ventilation Requirements, by C. P. Yaglou, E. C. Riley and D. J. Coggins (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoI. 42, 1936, p. 133). 3-- A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 959--Indices of Air Change and Air Distribution, by F. C. Houghten and J. L. Biackshaw (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoI. 39, 1933, p. 261). 4-- -Tobacco Smoke Control--A Preliminary Study, by Charles S. Leopold (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 51. 1945, p. 255). 5-- A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 921--Changes in Ionic Content.in Occupied Rooms, Ventilated by Natural and Mechanical Methods, by C- P. Yaglou, L. C. Benjamin and S. p. Choate (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoI. 38, 1932, p. 191). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 965--Physiologic Changes During Exposure to Ionized Air, by C. P. Yaglou, A. D. Brandt and L. C. Benjamin (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 39, 1933, p. 357). A.S.H.V.E.Research Report No. 985--Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Small Ion Content of Outdoor and Indoor Air, by C. P. Yaglou and L. C. Benjamin (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoI. 40, 1934, p. 271). The Nature of Ions in Air and Their Possible Physiological Effects, by L. B. Loeb (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 101). The Influence of Ionized Air Upon Normal Subjects, by L. P. Herrington {Journal Clinical Investigation, 14, January, 1935), The Effect of High Concentrations of Light Negative Atmospheric Ions on the Growth and Activity ot the Albino Rat, by L. P. Herrington and Karl L. Smith {Journal Industrial Hygiene, 17, November, 1935). Subjective Reactions of Human Beings to Certain Outdoor Atmospheric Conditions, by C.-E. A. Winslow ana L. P. Herrington (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions,, Voi. 42, 1936, p. 119). 6--The British Medical Journal, Editorial, June 25, 1932, p. 1182, 7"The Mechanism of Heat Loss and Temperature Regulation, by Eugene F. DuBob (Lane Medical. Lectures, Stanford University Publications, Medical Science, Vol. 3, 1937, No. 4, p. 348; also Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, Vol. 51, 1936, p. 252. --A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1107--Recent Advances in Physiological Knowledge and Their Bearing on Ventilation Practice, by C.-E. A. Winslow, T. Bedford, E. F. DuBois, R. W. Keeton, A. Missenard, R. R. Sayers and C. Tasker. (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 45, 1939, p. 111). *--A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 830--Heat and Moisture Losses from the Human Body and Their Relation to Air Conditioning Problems, by F. C. Houghten, W. W, Teague, W. E. Miller and W. P. Yant (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 35, 1929, p. 245). 1 "A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 654--Some Physiological Reactions to High Temperatures and Humidities, by W. J. McConnell and F. C. Houghten (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 29, 1923, p. 129). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 672--Further Study of Physiological Reactions, by W. J. McConnell; F. C. Houghten and F. M. Phillips (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 29, 1923, p. 353). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report. No. 690--Air Motion, High Temperatures and Various Humidities--Reactions on Human Beings, by W. J. McConnell, F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 30, 1924. p. 167). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 718--Work Tests Conducted in Atmospheres of High Temperatures and Various Humidities in Still and Moving Air, by W. J. McConnell and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 101). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 719--Basal Metabolism Before and After Exposure to High Temperatures and Various Humidities, by W. J. McCon nell, C. P. Yaglou and W. B. Fulton (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 123). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 908---Heat and Moisture Losses from Men at Work and Application to Air Con ditioning Problems, by F. C. Houghten. W. W. Teague, W. E. Miller and W. P. Yant (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions. Vol. 37,1931, p. 541). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1106--Air Conditioning in Industry.-- Physiological Reactions of Individual Workers to High Effective Temperatures, by W. L. Fleisher, A. E. Stacey. Jr., F. C. Houghten and M. B. Ferderber (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Voi. 45, 1939. p. 59). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1153--Seasonal Variation in Reactions to Hot Atmospheres, by F. C. Houghten, A. A. Rosenberg and M. B. Ferderber (A.S.H.V.E, Transactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 185). n ---A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1151--The Peripheral Type of Circulatory Failure in Experi mental Heat Exhaustion, by R. W. Keeton, F. K. Hick, Nathaniel Glickman and M. M. Montgomery (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 157). ,2--Performance in Relation to Environmental Temperature, by L. W. Eichna, W. B. Bean, W. F. Ashe and N. Nelson {Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Vol. 76, 1945, p. 25-58). Heat Disease: Clinical and Laboratory Studies, by M. W. Heilman and E. S. Montgomery {Journal of Industrial Disease and Toxicology, 18:651, 1936).