Document 2R8OE6YV98X4BjeMQy8rkONmN

Indus trial Hygiene Foundation 14,00 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Penna. Abstract of preliminary report on a Foundation-supported study, "An Evaluation of Present Exhaust Ventilation for the Control of Industrial Health Hazards," by Theodore Hatch and Robert H. Walpole, Jr., Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, presented by Professor Hatch at sixth annual meeting of Industrial Srgiene Foundation held at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, NovdSL 1911. Two Important situatj^rav stand out with respect to the present pi in designing: of systems ofventilation: 1. the design is almost/ empirical,* 2. the perfcrttefyS^of systems so designed has not been ted with the control which is produced. There ivne^iJor collec tion and tabulatio^an^osign data, the use of which will provd^e\vid'i2ore exact control of dusts63TvVes, vapors and gases. - 0Cfl t ventilation is applied to nunfaerle trial processes end to of the same process. Because of es encountered, it is stat&xthnt design problems cannot be reduced^ engineering relationships and that since great factors of safety :oyed power consumption is only of secondary interest. Recognizing theL cc of the variable factors involved and the reliance which must be placed up&Fbptevious experience, it seems proper to inquire to .what extent empirical gtfcL<&Sed upon experience, can be translated into more basic data which will hav#=oi^general application. One may also investigate the possibilities of reduc^^p^^rconsisaption without sacrificing efficiency of control. Dust and^S&h&b^ontaminonts are dispersed into the air by definite forces. The function hood is to establish 'countar-forces which will prevent the escape^^^z^Hjontaainant. In a basic engineering approach to the design of exhaustthe forces of dispersion must be recognized and evaluated and related to h#wp^f3rmance. The major o'ojoctive of the proposed investigation is to estab- ^syfa^relationship3. It is recognized, however, that many problems cannot be in this nay and, also, that only a few of all the processes requiring venti- Lon can be studied. A general revision of design procedures and the complete elimination of empirical data are not anticipated. The development of a method of investigation will, in itself, be of value. It is hoped, for example, that through the use of such a method, the manufacturers of contaminant-producing equipment will be able to study the characteristics of their own 'machines and develop standards of ventilation. Such original studies will help to remove the present difficulties encountered in applying ventilation to machines and processes as an after-thought, so to speak. At the outset of this investigation, the recent literature on exhaust ventilation has been collected and a bibliography, arranged by industry or process prepared. The list of references is not complete but sufficiently so to show that the volume of published material is not great. The importance of exhaust ventila tion in the control of industrial health hazards and the cost of installing and operating such equipment are great enough today to warrant a noro complete treatment of the subject. The bibliography is attached. mm REFERENCES ON EXHAUST 7ENTILATI0N 1930-1941 G22hkRAXj Air Dilution In Industrial Ventilation, Part3 I, II, III, IV. W.C.L. Hemeon. Heat ing and Ventilating. 1,37., 39-43, Not. 1940^-- II, 37, 42-46, Dec. 1940 -- III, 38. 40-42, Feb. 1941 -- IV, 38, 71-74, Mar. lj Are We Controlling Dust? S.W. Gurney Mutual Insurance Co. Jan. 1935 Beyer. National Safety Nev/s. Libe^v^ Are You Buying an Exhaust Pjafeg^yart I, Fixing Suitable Branch Pre3sva?qV'qao/ Obtain ing Portable Piping. S>?i^h7a.th. Heating and Ventilating. 36, 1S^L8Y3?3^T 1959. Characteristics oC^S^tir'Filtors on Coal Dust-Air Mirturos. A.EOfr*&ord, A.A. MarJcson, T. Tana. A.S.M.E. 62, 271, 281, May-1 Collect Reclaiming Silicosis Duatg in Roofl of I^btfrcnntrlndustry, Safo Practice Bulletin Industry. Penna. Dept. The Control of Industrial Dust; The Probleg^X v&gal Exhaust and General Ventilation. J.M. DallaValle. Meehan. Engr.. 55. 621-&$^>Qct. 1933. Design of Duct Work for Exhaust S, Prer. Eng. Series Bulletin No *Air Hygiene Foundation of America, lac., 5, 1938. Design of Exhaust Hoods, Bulletin No. 2, Part, ' giene Foundation of America, lac., PreT. Eng. Scries 193e. Design of Fbrhwgg' 18, No. 9, for Dust Control Systems. T.F. Hatch. Jour. Ind. Hyg. it Toi. mstrial Rrhnust Systems. John L. Alden. Published by Industrial Press, ftte St., Nevr York, N.Y. 220 Pages. Ddjrgrninatlon of Cloth Area for Industrial Air Filters. C.E. Williams, Theodore Hatch, Leonard Groenburg. Heating, Piping, Air Conditioning, April, 1940. The Determination and Control of Industrial Dust. J.J. Bloomfield; J.M. DallaValle. U.S. Pub. Health Bulletin No. 217, April 1935. Dust and Fume Control -- A Practical Approach. H.B. Ueller; F.S. Mallctto. Occ. Hazards. 2, no. 11, 8-10, 12, 32, Sept. 1940. Dust Collection Systems. Concrete, Cam* Mill Ed., 47, 147-149, April 1939. Dust Collection. E.R.A. Darios. Jour. Ind. Heating Vont. Engrs. (British) , 5, 317-336, 1937. Dust Collection. C.A. Synder. National Safety News. 37, 16, 34, March 1938. *Sinco this publication has been issued the name of the organization has boen changed to Industrial Hygiene Foundation. References on Exhaust Ventilation - 2. Dust Control. Parts I, II, HI. F.F. Kravath. Heating and Yentilating. 37, Part I, pp. 38-41, March 1940 -- 37, Part II, pp. 39-42, April 1940 -- 37, Part III, pp. 36-38, May 1940. Dust Control Methods in an Aabestos Fabricating Plant. R.T. Page; J.J. Bloomfield. O.S. Public Health Reports. 52, 1713-1727, Not. 26, 1937. , Dust Control, present and future design considerations. T.F. Hatch. Meehan. Engineering. 57, 154-156, March 1935. Dust Control System Design, Inst point. F.F. Krarath. Heat. ,tioi id Operation, from the Coamonsense Stasd38. 28-31, June 1941. Dust, Puma, and Gas Slimi . 3, 6-10, 31-32","Marcht^^V^ Proner PrrTontion. R.A. Brels. Oc Economical Dusted tj^l with Low Resistance Exhaust Systems^ ?.' aTath. Part I. of the Problem. Heat, and Vent., 37 Oct..1940. Part p^\Bhfld~and Branch Connections. Heat, and 7-29, Not. 1940. Par<Qi?I ^>firanch Junctions and Changes. Heat. 37, 40-41, Dec. 1940. Part Filter Connection and Fan Select!o: and Vent. 38, 33-35, Feb. 1941. Part V. Sunnary - A Sample System. Heat 38 , 33, Mar. 1941. Part VI. Plenua Chambor System. Heat. " 38 . 36-38, April 1941. Economy in the" Design of tbrbeust Hyg. Sect., 154-59, Oct. 19' T.J. Hatch. Industrial Medicine, Ind. EffectlTe Trhwust Syst M. Kane. National Safety News, Aug. 1939. Prhaust Hood, ColZ 98. 51-52, Feb and Fans Design to Control Dust. Brick and Clay Record. Erhau3t VeK&jjSfrfon -- Suction Versus Airflow. William N- Witheridge. Occup. Hazards. No^^^'21-22, 31, Sept. 1940. to Consider in Designing Dust Rianoral Sy3tga3. C.C. Hermann. Abrasires, 4-16, 60, Sept. 1937. Fan Seloctlon & Ncmonclature. A.A. Berostnoff. Refrigeration Engineering, 32, 175-179, 1936. ' The Flow of Air and its Distribution Through Ducts. J.R. Zwickl. Part I. Frlctionlesa Flow and Voloclty Hoad, Heat, end, Vent., 36, 15-17, Fob.1939. Part II. Flow with Friction-Ducts with Equal Friction. Heat, and Vent., 36, March 1939. Part III. Elbows end Miscellaneous Resistances. Heat, and Vent., 36, 51-53, April 1939. Part IV. Duct Layouts. Heat, and Vent., 36, 48-50, May 1939. ^ Parts V and VI. Fan Laws and Pan Selection. Heat, and Vent., 36, 44-45, June 19c?, ' 64-66, July 1939. Fundamental Factors In the Design of Exhaust Systems. T.F. Hatch. Meehan, engineer ing. Feb. 1936. Fundamentals Relating to the Design end Operation of Exhaust Systems. T.F. Hatch et a- American Standards Exhaust Code Committee No. ASA-Z9. American Standards Assoc., %T . . * n e Referencas on Exhaust Ventilation - 3. Industrial Dust Control Through Exhaust Systems. W.O. Vedder. Craft Press, lac., Fayetteville, Pa., 1936. Industrial Dusts and Their Control. T.F. Hatch. Safaty Engineering. J57, 26, June 1934. Low Velocity Exhaust Systems. T.F. Hatch. Huat. and Vent., 3, 27-30, Oct. 1540. How To Design Exhaust Hoods for Quartz, DallaValle, Heat, and Vent., 37, 23, Mothods for Controlling; tho Finishing. 9, 281-238, Api fo^&rd. Operations. E.C. Riley and J.M. 40. $A.D. Brandt, Sc.D. Uotal Cleaning^^^ Modern Methods of P Operation and etfanco of Cloth Screen Dust Collectors. s>'HA Piping and^AiftC' 5,- 259-304, May, Juno 1933. rry. Heating, Physi<ag5o>[\&&da for the Elimination of the Dust H.H. Wayaon. Hod. Research Council Spoc. Repo Industry. H.L. Green; J9, 1935. Prevontlon of Silicosis Through Inginoeri Dept, of Labor, 1933. si. Bullotin Ho. 21, Psrt 2. U.S, Practical DcsIot of Exhaust an& lishlng Co., Inc* Now York ystens. E.W. Favalora. Edwin A. Scott Pub1935. 269 pagos. Principles of Exhaust sign. J.M. DallaValle. O.S. Public Health Service, 1939. Profits in Air. na, Ltd., F.A. Westbrook. Seat, and Vent., 37, 39-40, June 1940. ^t^^^W?ord Motor Co. C. Strode. Heat, and Vent., _37, 32-38, June 1940. Profit. in Air: Woodworking Plants. T.F. Hatch; R.B. Northrup. Heat, and Vent., >35-38, Feb. 1940. Progress in Industrial. Sanitation with Special Reference to the Control of Industrial Dust. T.F. Hatch. Am.Jour.of Pub.Hoalth, 27., 671-679, July 1937. Protecting Plant Manpower-Preventive Measures. Theodore Hatch. Special Bulletin No. 3, Page 13, U.S. Dept, of Labor, Div, of Labor Standards. Recent Dust Exhaust Apparatus. 7. Prockat. Staub. No. 6, 249-287, 1937. Removal of Dust and Fumes; New Departures. C.W. Price. Tines Trade end Eng., 42, No. 883,Factory Welfare Sect. P.X. Feb. 1938. The Size end Frequency of Industrial Dust. J.J. Bloomfield, U.S. Pub. Health Reports, 43, 9a, 1933. Studies in the Design of Local Srhpust Hoods. J.M. DallaValle; T.F. Hatch, -r sms. An. Soc. Mech. Engr^ 54, 31-37. July 1932. ~ References on Exhaust Ventilation - 4. Tentative Code off Recommended Practices for Testing and Measuring Air Flow la Exhaust Systems. J.R. Allan, Chr., Ind. Hygiene Codes Comm. Am. Poundrysaens Assoc. A.F.A. Reprint No. 36-27, Velocity Characteristics of Hoods under Suction. J.M. Della?alls. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 4, 370, 1S32, ' When is East Control Effective? Doc. 1935. J.J. Bloom^jold. National Safety News- 32..J.7. xstn^SU XQ) ABRASIVE AND PORTABLE CKIHDING ;1 Hanufasw^^j^^chnical Control of Dust. F.F. Eravjmii^NBtnna. Stato Abrasive Wheel Ms Dept, of Labor anc^n^ibtry, Safe Practice Bull atin No.. 13, 1939(?H Control of 50-52, 1 t. F.B. Jacobs. Mill & Factory 936--19. 56-59, Sept. 1936. 48, July 1936 -- 19, Down- Exhaust Aids Finishing Dopartnent 7, 30, Nov. 11, 1940. Grinding and Sanding Castings Without Dustfy iTAge. 146. 51, Sept. 12, 1940. <? Portable Hand Grinders. Foundry a&$i^iberty Mutual Ins. Co., .3, No. 1, June 1939. Tentative Code: of Reeommende^KPjWSjtteea for Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing Equip ment Sanitation. J.R. OlaC, Ind. Hyg. Codes Cccm. A.F-A. Am. Foundryaen's Assoc. Reprint. 36-1936. CERA1GC in Industry. T.C. Angus.. Industrial 7/elfare. 20, 171-177, May 1938. 'Hazards and their Control in a Ceramic Industry. T.C. Angus and Donald Stewart, our. Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 19, No. 1, Jan. 1937. Dust Prevention and Elimination. Ceramic Ind. 28 , 299-302, April 1937. Elimination of Dust In a Porcelain Plant. A.M. Morris. Ceramic Industry, June 1939. Eow to Control Dust in Clay Plants. John U. lane* Brick and Clay Record. 91^, 69-71, Aug. 1937. Plant Engineering for Dust tn^nation. A.M. Morris. Proceedings of the Ceramic Section, Div, Safdty & Hygiene Ind. Comm, of Ohio, April 18, 19, 20 Redesign of Working 3ootb<* to F.educe Dust Counts. Ceramic Ind. 52, 60, wsn. 1939. Reduce Dust Counts to a April 1938. with Redesigned Booths. . Ceramic Ind. 30, zB-70 . What* s the Best Way to Remove Dust? Corauic Ind. 34, 65-66, , 70 , 72, 74, 76, 78 April 1940. References on Exhaust Ventilation - 5. FOUNDRY ABC's of Industrial Dust Control. Roy P. Warren. Gccup Hazards and Safety. 1_, 8-10, July 1939 -- 1, 11-13, Aug. 1939 -- 1_, 14-18, Sept. 1939. ' The Application of Dust Control Principles to Foundry Operations. R.R. Meigs. Second New England Regional Foundry Conference, M^fc.T. April 8, 1938. Calcimine and Cood Housekeeping. FrairiQl. crteinbach. The Foundry Magazine. Mar. 1936. ^ Ip' ' A Ca3o History of Dust. Jv April, 1939. Occup. Hazards and Safety. 1, No. Cloanor Air for t T7. E.O. Jones. National Safety Ner^^ee*gS>1934. .' 'ontrol. American Foundrymen* s As- y> _ aprint 35-22. 'n Needs Correct Hood Design. J.G. ional Safety Neva. 42, Dust Collection in the Foundry. S.D. Mox23|T}\sTraas. Am. Foundrymen's Assoc. 43. 11Q91l_-25n0f8l , 1lo9w35. Dust Concentration in Foundrlos* Bulletin. N.Y. State Dept. <3. ro Hatch; C.E. Williams; B.G. Dolin. Ind. 18, 89-95, Feb. 1939. Dust Control in Foun ,266-272, 1940. Dust ControiLJ^ (P^oundir* Cameron* Proc. 11th All Ohio Safety Congress. C.A. Snyder. Metal Industry. 35, 349-350, July 1937. Dust Cpfr^s^& the Foundry Industry. J.D. Leitch; L.B. Leppard. Mimeographed pam- phlflf^u^^p'T Dir. Ind. Eygione, Ontario Dopt. of Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ontrol; Silicosis Prerention. Verna A. Zimmer. Brass and Aluminum Foundry. . 40, Not. 9, 1940.-- No. 41, Dec. 7, 1940 -- Feb. 1941. The Dust Hazard in Foundries. L.M. Merritt. Ohio Ind. Coma. Monitor, 13_, 99-102 July 1940 -- Occup. Hazards, 2, No. 11, 18-20, Sept. 1940. The Tfrrhaust of Foundry Shakeout3. John M. Kane. Foundry Safety. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 3, No. 1, June 1939. Exhaust Requirements for Foundry Dust Control. John M. Eane. Foundry Magazine. 66. 30-32, Jan. 1933. Foundry Dust Control. Foundry Safety. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 1, No. 2, June 1937. Foundry Dust Control Measures. T.F. Hatch. N.Y. State Dopt. of Labor, Ind. Bulletin. 17, 114-118, Mar. 1938. The Foundry Dust Hazard and its Control. M.F. Trice. Jour. American Pub. Health Assoc., 30, 760- 765, July 1940. i References on Exhaust Ventilation - 6. Good Housekeeping In the Foundry. E.G. Melter. Aa. Foundrymen's Assoc. Good House keeping Conference. Reprint 37-30; 34-38, 1937. Good Housekeeping at FaJJc. The Foundry Magazine. Feb., Mar. 1933. Good Housekeeping in a Steel Foundry. J.E. Turner. Safe Practice Bull. No. 69, Penns. Dept, of Labor and Ind. June 1941 -- Safoty Engineering, H2, 11-14, Aug. 1941. Methods of Dust Control. J.D. Laitch. An. Foundrymon's Assoc. 43, 209-221 ip'1935' . No Dust, Better Health, More Qufdtft^N A. Van Vlissiagen. Fact. Man. tc. iialn;_9^ 79-81, Sopt. 1940. " The Reiaoval of Dust- Shakeouts of Large Stssl Castings. Bulletin No. 61, Peraai^i^ate Dept. of Labor and Ind. 1941. ctice The Removal of, Dust from Large Casting Three Crane, Hazards. /23, Feb. 1940. Tanner. Occup. Sillcosj the Foundry. Carey P. McCord St., Chicago. .ders Assoc., 29 S. LaSalle Why Not a Dust-Froe Foundry. C.B. Go . Man. at Main. 97. 79-80, Mar. 1939. Won' t Have Dust. Arthur Van Vli Fact. Man. & Main. 95, 83, Sept. 1937. GRAIN Dust Control. Aa. Miller. 68. 24-25, May 1940. Dust CogfrelSiy Grain Elevators. Hylton R. Brawn; J.O. Reed. Bulletin No. 1373, U.S./^^Wf Agriculture, 1929-. leffiefioTal of Floating Dust in Grain Elevators. Report of Connittee of Underwriters Laboratories, National Safety Council* 1924. craihte curmc Control of the Silicosis Hhe-ard in the Hard Rock Industries -- A Laboratory Study of the Design of Dust Control Systems for Use with Pneumatic Granite Cutting Tools. T.F. Hatch; Philip Drinker; Sarah P. Choate. Jour. Ind. Eyg. & Tox. 122, No. 3, p. 75, Mar. 1930. Dust Control. I. Exhaust Dertces for Hnd Pneumatic Tools. W.C.L. Hemeon. East, and Vent., 37, 41-45, June 1940. Dust Control in the Granlto Industry. W.C.L. Hen.eon. Heat, end Vent., 37, 41-45, Aug. 1940. ' Dust Control in the Granite Industry. John D. Loitch* Jour. Ind. Hyg. &Tox., 18, No. 10, Dec. 1936. ' References on Exhaust Ventilation - 7 Granite Dust Control. I 3anker Bxhau3t Ventilation. M. Bowditch, Dir., Mass. Dept, of La.bor and Industries, D1t. of Occupational Hygiene, May 1938. Requirements for Dust Control In Stone Cutting. T.7. Hatch; W.3. Harris. IJ.Y. State lad. Bulletin, 18, 379-381, Dec. 1939. A Study of Efficiency of Dust Removal Systems in Granite Cutting Plants. U.S. Public Health Reports, 44, 2505-2522, Oct. 1929. Ventilation in tho Granite Industry. No. 3, March 1939. .J. Urban. Jour. Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 21 Dust Control. II. Exhaust for Heat, and Vent., 37, 54-53 ng Machines & IhraslTe Blasting. W.C, AND ORE CONCENTRATION OPERATIONS Catching Mines from a Hammer Mill. O.C. Ralston; Investigations, 3538, 1941. ey. U.S. Bureau of Dust: Its Hazard, Control and Collection w^lgav G. . Lynch. Min. & Met. 19 . 51 6-520. Dac.^ Slal Reference to Surface Plants. Pu3t Control in Large Scale Ore CoACy&ftptiDg Operations. Robert T. Bring. Am. Inst. Min. & Met. Engr. T.P. l^$^iSiung Tech. 4, Sept. 1940. Dust Control at the Soil stitute of Mining ling Plant. P.J, Dunlop. Trans. Tho Canadian Ingy, 42, 164-184, 1939. Dust Control i: Africa, 38 Ore_Ca|^r peratlons. J.T. Mclntyro. Jour. Chcm. Min. 4c Met. Soc. So. Vf Sept. 1937. and Milling. E.W. Engelmann. Min. 4: lict. 21, 36-38, Jan. 1940. the Dust Problem. F.W.* Ortolan, Jr. Safety Engineering. 75, 13-16, Apr. 1938. TANE VENTILATION Health Hazards in Chromium Plating. J.J. Bloomfield; Tta. Blum. Public Health Reports, 43, 2330, 1928. Control of Chromic Acid Mists from Plating Tanks. E.C. Riley; F.H. Goldman. Public Health Reports, 52, 172, 1937. New Data for Practical Design of Ventilation for Electroplating. W.P. Battista; Theodora Hatch; Leonard Grcenburg. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 52, No. 2, pp. 81 85, Feb. 1941. ' Ventilation of Plating Tanha. Allen D. Brandt. Ind. Mod., 10, No. 7, July 1941.-- Ind. Hyg. Section, 2, soction 3. References on Exhaust Ventilation - 8 fundamental factors in the Design of Lateral Exhaust Hoods for Industrial Tanks. Leslie Silverman. Jour. Ind. Hyg. 4: Tox. 23, Ho. 5, May 1941. Safe Oneratlon of Degreasing Tanks using Trichlorethylene. W.B. Harris; C.B. Ford; F.A. Patty; T.F. Hatch. Am. Jour. Pub. Health, 29 , 603, 1939. Trichlorethylene Degreasing Tanka and Their Safe Oneratlon. W.B. Harris; C.E. Ford; F.A. Patty; T.F. Hatch. Industrial Bull.^^ipY. State Dopt. of Labor, 18, 132-134, Mar. 1939. Vantilation of a Trichlorethylen Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 22, 175, 19 reader. W.W. Withoridge; H.T. Walworth. 5 Vontilatlon of Wire Imp F.W. Sands; P. Drink Tanks Using Chlorinated Hydrocarbons f. Ind. Hyg. <k Tox. 20 . 401, 1936, - ^ . Yaglou; Essentials of W.P. Battle 1940. or Steam Exhaust Hoods Based upon 0 t State Dept, of Labor Industrial B ests. T.F. Hatch; 19, 115, May, June