Document 2R66gK39ZrMzkay3018g5arOb

Industrial Hygiene Digest SXteh.atu.Ke Gbsfaacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends dniustiial Health 1lews >i i= i riv > i ,-.v JaisW Monthly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH (13), PA. t !i PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT t I | QVSfl .08 FACTS March, 1944 wwy'*nMitwr w w -- Foundation Faota la a monthly nowa-lottar laauad to induatrlal concorna holding momborthlp In Industrial Hyglana Foundation. Tha Foundation I* a non-profit association of Industries for ths advancement of healthful working conditions. No. 3. Annual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for the Foundation's Eighth Annual Meeting, containing much practical data on manpower maintenance in industry, was mailed to members recently. The subjects covered in the publication fall into four main groups: 1, Medical 2. Engineering 3. Industrial Relations 4. Legal The panel, "Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work," a highpoint of the APPiinl meeting of members, was published separately from the Proceedings to expedite circulation. Additional copies of this panel discussion are available upon request. The annual meeting of members is one of the most valuable services of Foundation mem bership. Accordingly, the Proceedings should be examined carefully and routed to all interested persons within each member's organization. = ? 4 ; New Members and Subscribers Latest additions to the Foundation's membership list are: American Optical Company, Van Cleef Bros., and Vanadium Corporation of America. New subscribers are: lairfield Air Service Command, Ohio; Medical Supply Officer, Ft. Mason, Cal.; Ministers, Sante & B.E. Social hygiene, Quebec, Canada; Netherland Government Commission fat Scientific Documentation, and tho Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. Seen in the News DETROIT, March 11 (UP) -- R.J. Thomas, President, United Automobile Workers (CIO) today declared that his union "was no longer satisfied" to bargain for wages and hours only and announced tha union would negotiate clauses containing health standwT ard8 for workers.... He said, "The health of our workers in the shop is an immediate problem and it must be met and solved through collective bargaining." Sacramento, Calif. -- Women workers who repair bullet-proof airplane gasoline tanks at Mather Field are equipped with oxygen masks and officials say this inno_ ! ration cuts repair time at least in half. The patching is done by small women who crawl through a narrow opening in the tank. Formerly they had to come out every four or five minutes or risk suffocation from fumes. Practical Procedures A plant manager, studying jobs in his shop that disabled veterans might pw form, observed: "When I see a man running a machine with one hand in his pocket 1 ' make a mental note that he could probably operate another machine and a one-armed veteran could do that job." V.P, Abeam. Executive Secretary, National Industrial Sand Association and Secretary of the Foundation's Board of Trustees, has been appointed an Industry ber of the National War Labor Board. .Industrial Hygiene Helps Maintain Manpower. miAU HYOIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBUROH (). PA. dustrial Hygiene Digest - 17 3 Chlorohydrocarbon Solvents. E.V*. McGovern. Ind. Eng. Chem. , 35., 1230-1239 "[December, 1943). Included in a comprehensive paper on the properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity. The toxicities of a number of the solvents in them selves are of the same order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride are practically more toxic than other liquius of somewhat higher molecular weight on account of their higher vapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides have lov; toxicities, but, being gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high concentration of the vapors with increased fire and health hazards. Chloroform, beta-trichlorethane, and especially tetrachlorethane, possess high toxicities, and must be used with precautions although their vapor pressures are low. In general, human beings should not be exposed to atmospheres in which the odors of chlorohydrocarbons are detectable. However, they may be all rendered sgfe by the use of properly designed equipment. Danger in skin con tact and decomposition at higher temperatures with formation of more toxic sub stances are discussed briefly, as are also methods of detection. 4 Bagasse Disease of the Lung. W.A. Sodeman and R.L. Pullen. New Orleans Med. & Surg. J., 95, 558-560 (June, 1943). A case of bagasse disease of the lung is reported together with the findings at biopsy in an involved area of the lung. The picture appears to be that of an organic pneumoconiosis. It is evident that particles of bagasse may enter the alveolar regions and produce this reaction. The mechanism of the changes, and the nature of the stimulus set up by the bagasse dust to produce the cellular reaction, remain obscure. 5 Pneumoconiosis and Working Conditions in Coal Mines. Brit. Med. J. No. 4316, 395-396 (September 25, 1943). The Committee on Industrial Pulmonary Disease has been unable to draw final con clusions on causation or differences in incidence of pneumoconiosis in the South Viales coalfield. Anthracite dust is more dangerous than that of bituminous nines. The most important measure in prevention is the reduction of dust breathed by the miners. To this end, the committee advocates a series of procedures which are discussed in this article: (1) maintenance of adequate ventilation, (2) use of water to prevent dust dispersion, (3) allaying of dust in roadways and at loading points, (4) reduction of shot-firing to a minimum, with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping processes, and (6) prevention of chill during spake journeys. c Liquefaction Necrosis in Bilateral Symmetrical Conglomerate Lesions of Anthracosilicosis of Lung: Report of Case. B.J. McCloskey. Am. J. Roentgenol., 50, 42-45 (July, 1943). It is the intention of the author to show that the correct interpretation of the roentgen appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the conglomerate lesions of anthracosilicosis may be very difficult. A case is reported, showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. The only known exposure to silica was when the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of 12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before his death. The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening.. At sutopsy each cavity was found to contain thick, black, viscid fluid, which showed no free silica on examination. Examination of the cavity wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.25 per cent silica. ? A New Radiologic-Social Classification of Pulmonary Silicosis. R.Lorca and others. Bol. de la oficina sanitaria panamericana. 22, 976-981 (November. 1943).(Spanish). The authors review the principal systems of classification of silicosis, includ ing that of Irvine and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930. They Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 then propose the following classification, reducing the eight groups to five: (l) exposed but shoving no silicosis; (2) suspicious; (3) confirmed phase No. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) confirmed phase No. 2, marked nodular fribrosis; (5) confirmed phase No. 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. Asbestosis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desmeules and others. Laval med., 8, 217 (March, 1943). (French). Asbestosis is an occupational disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum, and is charac terized by the transformation of normal lung tissue into fibrous tissue. Symp toms appear usually five to seven years after the beginning of exposure. Both asbestosis and tuberculosis were seen in 8 workers exposed to asbestos dust for 20 years. In three of these cases asbestosis was masked by tuberculosis. 239 Asbestosis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desmeules and M. Giroux. Laval Med., 8, 227 (March, 1943). (French). The case iiistory of a 44 year old man is given who had worked for 20 years in an asbestos mill. After 10 years he had developed productive cough which increased gradually. Shortly before he was admitted to the hospital he started to run fever and had pains in the chest. The clinical diagnosis of ulcero-fibrous tuberculosis and asbestosis was confirmed by the autopsy. Diffuse peribronchial and perialveolar sclerosis was also seen. It is believed that the first symptoms of asbestosis appeared ten years before the symptoms of tuberculosis, but the matter could not be decided radiologically and pathologically. 290 Asbestosis Bodies. M. Giroux. Laval Med., 8_, 239 (March, 1943). (French) . The "curious bodies" found in the sputum of patients suffering from pulmonary asbestosis usually measure 24 to 50 mu by 12 to 24 mu but can be as large as 250 mu. They consist of a central fiber of asbestos which is covered by a goldenyellow substance containing iron. Rabbits, guinea pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalation of asbestos dust. Asbestosis did not develop in the rabbits nor in the dog. The guinea pigs showed, after several weeks, macrophages with asbes tos fibers in their alveoli. Erythrocytes appeared in the alveoli, and hemoglo bin derivatives containing iron could be found on asbestos fibers two to three months after the beginning of the inhalation of the asbestos dust. When a sus pension of asbestos in olive oil was injected subcutaneously or into the testi cles of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies were formed. However, if first one cc, of blood was injected and then the asbestos dust through the same needle, asbes tos bodies could be found one month later. The presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum is believed to be a definite sign of pulmonary asbestosis. '91 Coincidence of Primary Carcinoma of the Lungs and Pulmonary Asbestosis. F.Homburger. Am. J. Path., 19, 797-807 (September, 1943). In the medical literature there arc now at least 19 known cases of asbestosis associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopsies at the pathology laboratory at Yale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1938. Asbestosis was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of the 3 cases of asbes tosis and twice in the 17 silicotic cases. Despite the high correlation of the foreign body asbestosis in the lungs with primary pulmonary carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of these data is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (l) fibrosis of the lung and (2) presence of asbes tosis bodies. rndustri&l Hygiene Digest - 19 r02 Pulmonary Asbestosis. L. Rousseau. Lavel Med., 8_, 233 (March, 1943). (French). The radiological picture of pulmonary asbestosis is not characteristic; it is usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies have been found in the sputum. Asbestos fibers may be seen in the sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosis; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients who have died from .an intercurrent disease may show asbestosis, which had not been found on X-ray examination. The case history of a 42 year old man with asbestosis without tuberculosis is given. The patient had been working in the asbestos industry for 18 years. For 2 years the patient had been suffering from increasing cough, expectoration and dyspnea. Roentgenological examination showed mottling of both lungs. Sputa and gastric examinations were negative for tubercle bacilli. Asbestos bodies were found in the sputum. Methods of Detection and Detemaination p;-2 The Quantitative Determination of Cyanide in Air. D. Lester. J. Ind. Hyg. k Tox., 26, 61-63 (February, 1944). The author describes a method for cyanide determination based upon the colori metric measurement of cyanide derivative formed from methemoglobin exposed to air containing cyanide. An air sample of 1 liter is sufficient for determining a concentration as low as 1 part per million, with an error of 0.1 parts per million, higher concentrations to 270 accuracy. The colorimetric measurement de pends upon the change in light absorption of methemoglobin at wave length 635 milli-microns, which decreases with the conversion in accordance with the BeersLambert law. Full details of collection and determination procedures are given. r-04 Sampling and Analysis of Air Contaminants. F.H. Goldman. Ind.Med., 13, 100-103 (January, 1944). The analysis of air for various contaminants especially substances produced for military use, is described briefly. The standard impinger and midget impinger may be used for the collection of ammonium picrate, dinitrotoluene, tetryl, TNT, nitroglycerine, marcury fulminate, tracer bullet mixtures, fluorides, metal fumes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases. The tests after collection are indicated very briefly. The Shepherd bottle is used for collecting substances such as nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of a grab sampler. The electro static precipitator and the benzol indicator are discussed briefly, with mention of other special methods. -95 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants Containing Nitrate Groupings. H. Yagoda and F.H. Goldman. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 25, 440-444 (December, 1943). Methods are described for the estimation of nitroglycerine, PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), nitrous fumes, and ammonium nitrate in atmospheres arising from manufacturing processes. The analyses are based on the nitration of m-xylenol in 62.5$ sulfuric acid and the colorimetric determination of the nitro-xylenol isolated by a simple steam distillation. -- Authors1 summary. 296 Dust Measurement. W.Grundmann. Arch.tech.Mcsscn Lfg. 126, T.152,2 (1941).(German) Dust measurement is possible with the Tyndallometer by deteraiination of the in tensity of the scattered light of the dusty atmosphere. Calibration curves for the various sorts of dust must be made because the effects of size, form and op tical surface effects of the dust particles must be eliminated to secure an accurate measurement of the dust concentration. I Industrial Hygdn Foundation (Initial 4 Forward) *--* r INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 niTH AVBfUS mrsscaoB ud, fa. . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH Ararat HTTUUMH a*). FA. Vol. 5. FOUNDATION FACTS March. 1944 re uu4^und4ti0n if monMily nw.lrt1*r < indwMrtal eanearn* haising mamaarMnp >n '"tfMtrtal Hyplana Faunaatlon. Tha raundatlan ' a nan.aradt aaaaaiatlan f induatrlaa tar tna advaneamant af haaltfrful warklnp aandltlana. No. 3. Annual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for tha Founda.1 practical data on manpower maintenance The suhiehta cowered in the publicat s Eighth Annual Meeting, containing much ustry, was mailed to members recently, into four main groups: Industrial Halations Legal -- annual meeting circulation* The ann _ b ershi^^i^S^ingljp intes^Sw^?erson* wit Lthe Disabled Veteran Bade to WorkJ* int of the tublished. separately from the a to expedite this panel discueslon &thZ.able upon request* or the moat Tali ces of Foundation man- should be afully and routed to ell s organize1 * ~ '*.* ' Late*% additions Company* Van Cleef. Broe. and Fairfield Air Secrlce Sante & BJJ. Social Urgl Scientific Docmsentatio: I S' asmtherahlp list sr: American Optical tion of Jtaerica* Mem subscribers are: y Officer* Ft* Maeon. Cal.; Ministers rland Oorenmient Commission for Vani&/#epartnant of Labor and Industry. Seen In jtSi N< f7, ^'March 11 fUPl -- ftJ* , United Automobile Workers that him union "warn no to bargain for wages j and announced the union would containing health stand* 3t aid* 'The. health of o *'4&<*ft* shop is an immediate [eat asd.it must he marl end solved through collective bsu Sacramento, Califi"--- toman wortera who repe%^hhllet*pxoof airplane gaso line tanks. at Mather FieldLepe equipped with, oxygen maskat^hd offfi!cial* say this inso- ration cute --ratT *1ir*iiy Tltlt in half. The patching is-dehe- by wbo crawl thEomgfej t^Ofag in the tang.; Fbaarly they out every four or firm: ` ___ __ _ --'"rFd'-'T"-~ ~ ;:> 3> ^gywatieel Ptocedurw ; ' -- < 1 t ^? ~J' ` " ;A pint a*n*gp(r*jFte&ing John tm~ hie *hop that disabled.veteran* might per form* observed; "Y&tt t gjNeVmen. running- m^magftinei:Wth. one hand in hi* pocket I make * mant--e--l . nTote- tSetlSk etelft ps.o..h..wh..-ly. operate another a.a.d.S..X. a-mmd% on'' e-aasted r* ~r* .* -- V- ` - tK ^~lkeCTtitve Secretary, Matiomal Industrial Seaft'Asaoelation and Secretary of the Foundation's Boerd of Tcaeteem* hmm been, appointed an. Industry her of the Sttionel ftp Ighop.Bterl* v . . - ... - - . M^p0--a-v. " *** Awwvir - sun >). es. March, 1944. Vol. Till. 3. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Arums, Pittsburgh, Pa. IHD05TRIAL Lit# SHE DIGEST 220 Alualm In qdsht^ons ft^^hcober companies^ FeupstJftn sscursd tns^olld*i2&- statement Tbe*sranec (N.Y.) LSS^ratory'^^Sfoe Found tlgatlons In this `floldx^A alignimaa therapy, tha . U. Gardner, Director, pa support Dr. Gardner* s lores* "I bollova that ol s doflnlts possibilities as a preventive against s It will prerenl^^^ I lri6*Lthat in experimental animals V\ and\ qp^the progression of silico sis. I jntWhSat all sure nhat^ai>a t tic agent It invariably effect upon symptoms as/other igators have indi I am interested in seeing al ct used in as many different types of exposure as possible ded^ttsFhv Is sufficient control so that Its offsets may be sclcntlf ovaluated. I be- Here that its greatest possibilities will be in treating men who already have early manifestations of silicosis <#^that they can continue thalr present work without danger of further ^agression. I would not recommend its use by any employer who inten\ds to rely upon aluainia as a preventive to the exclusion of recognized engin eering methods for the control of a silica dust hazard." Industrial 2ygin Digest - 2 221 Eye Accidents. Asserting that only one plant out of every sight has an adequate safety program, C.O. Cozzena, Vice President of the American Optical Company, announced that United States Industry is currently losing or repairing 200,000 eyes a year at an annual cost of 950,000,000. He said these industrial eye accidents are res* ponslble for an annual loss of 8,000,000 man days. Emphasizing that eye acci dents can be prevented by ordinary safety precautions, he reported that 72$ of accidents occur on Jobs regarded as 099-hazardous to eyes. -- Cham, & Eng. Nows. January 25, 1944. 222 "War^C6hforenc6",fon Industrial Medaolne. Hygiene and Nursing. The ST ' ustrial physicians, industrial hyglez indust 1 St. Loula, Mo., May 8-14, at tha 3dbn jperrer- son. T zations ore (1) American Aasociatlg^M^Jasiuatrial Physiol American Industrial Hygiene Aasortanju) (3) Nation- al Conferen Industrial Hygienists, and LA AMprcan Association of Industri dical subjects to be presentWj|aelude welding, noise plants, maladjuatmezxt^^b Jobnanvlroament, women in ons on ""dbo Can Wp^poE*rhe industrial hygienists in the syntha^&rq^eor industry, radius, sol- toxicology 0 itles silica dust hazard from the inslve quartz crys 9t air sampling in specific refer- ence to thm collection 0 'ond of lead fuzes, and hazards ofr exposure to cadmium. T as will consider postwar planning for nurses and medical same 223 Abaentaeisa Reduced. Abaenteelsa has been, tlve measures, aosooK Ohio, Mlchiganc^raks^tucky. In so and in othas&womMrs served on a ism was^dla^c^a by setting up facilit medieer^a^, beauty treatments and ho 2, 1943. in some war plants by various correc- iwer Commission Director for es made certain improvements In another case, absenteegasoline, tires, shoes, at tha plant. -- Steel, zee Reduce Absenteel an. One company awards morit certificates to "Hagi^or^Yel. that is, to amploy- ees who have not lost time during a pay period an^Lgd1 onal certificates for regular attendance for 3 months. After every pay .a jacJe-pot drawing is held for additional certificates, only the "Regular ?all< merit certificates are exchangeable for prizes that artlclpatlng. The atalogued and displayed, The plan has been vary successful. -- LJt. Rhodes, in sting, fab.,1344. 223 New Magazine. ^ The British Medical Association announces tha publication d^a British Journal of Industrial Medicine, a quarterly Journal. -- Chemical Trades J., Pebruary, 4, 1944. 226 New Standards Group to be Formed. Organization of an Allied Nations standards body was ennouned at the silver anni versary moating of the American Standards Association. The objective of the new body will be maximal coordination of standards necessary for the war effort-and the iSBadlat* postwar period. A skeleton staff will have offices in London and in either New York or Washington. -- Heat, fc Tent., Pebruary, 1944. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 Legal Developments 227 Scratches on Banda Received la Course of Baoloraent aa Portal of Entry for Tetanus Bacilli. Although there was no witness who satrjKhe decedent sustain the accidental injur ies to his hands, the facts that sqguml days prior to his illness as well as lata& the employee showed varigU^}jcg)ftches on his heads to his mother, his, wif^And several fellow maploye^uOand stated that he had received than on< dedtrlC/scretr^drlTer at ttf^^ctor? where he worked, and even In his mark to/hfs brOta^r>-inj^^^TM^stated that he recoired the scratches tory, aWKthe fact^AtVoie aanlover did sot show by any eTlden$a^Un^(he in juries w^r^iat^^^^ewhere, there was evidence to aubet<upaft& finding that the sna^ae^^SMng to the subsequent tetanus and dfl^taroose out of the amrloTmant^^SrrtionCgu^mitura Co. v. Butler* Arkansas ^piframe Ct 216.4-7218. 228 >urt affirms mk held that the st: hemorrhage in an anpl meat or active state, compensable injury since ordinary or Murphy Varnish Co. 1943. January 27, the Supreme Court where it which precipitated a lung from tuberculosis in either a dbrconstitute an industrial accident and cident to the labor performed, whether af/QNcampensable accident. Cavanaugh v. of'srrSra and Appeals. Mo. 26, October Torn, 229 Chemical Spl e Mot Shown aS^Cause^-df^Cataract. An employoe73flm^dd that a chealcal^so alcohol, other and di nitrotojgftn^ma splashed Into his course of his employment and thaVlft&SL^ a week to ten days the vi became blurred and continu- w progressively worse until vislon in that eye. A sis of cataract was made with a lalists concurring, but ne was able to state that there was Is contact with such a chemical causing a cataract an known to be in good general physical condition, it was not known if i a previous chronic eye disease, and the fact that there was never ah^iln or irritation of the eye indicates the probability of a secondary change fxe^pajchronic uveitis. All the evidence pointing to a pre-existing chronic eye dlse< the failure to eatab- lish any causal relation batween the incident of the ln tha eys with the cataract, tbs loas of vision cannot ba said to ba a thsreof. Carter v. Hercules Powder Co. Virginia Suprmw Ct. of Appaala. 754. January 24, 19441 (CCHj. 230 Causal Provocative Connection Between Heat Prostration and DeathOn June 19, 1941, the employee was overcome by beat and coke fumes in the course of his employment and was tpomrily disabled for about three weeks when he re turned to work. On July 29, 1941 he quit work on account of aa alleged illness and disability, never again being employed. He died on April 29, 1942 as the result of a valvular cardiac lesion. Prior to the incident of the beet prostra tion, tbs employee had bean treated by the seme physician who attended him after the exposure to beat and coke fumes and continued to attend him up to the time Iadustriel Hygiene Digest - 4 of bis death- This physician testified that prior to tbe incident of prostra tion, the enployea's lungs and heart ware in good condition and thereafter the lungs and bronchial tubes were irritated and congested causing a strain upon de cedent's heart. Since the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to claimant and since there is evidence to support the finding of causal provoc ative connection, an award of compensation must bo affirmed. Combustion Engineer ing Co., Inc. v. Whatley. Tennessee Supremo Ct. February 5, 1944. (CCH). 231 Aggravation of Pre-existing Tuborc Where an employee became dlsabl s by Exposure to Inorganic Dust. nine or ten years employment with r, because of an active nfiry tuberculosis, and the report of thdTlfc du&rj&l disea nevertheless it seams probable that s, he has inhaled inorganic dusts w1 and of such an irritant nature as^tj\s^t' as an ause in the extent of his present lmxTOrculosis," to find causal relation sinemviv^^r frequently of experts, that a relation prouMgrcxists between there is such a relatioggQp.'^wgganls^Case. Suffolk. (cch) . 232 following Po Alpmugh there is to whether or not the poor ventilation in the s was hsavily lsdan with starch liras the fabrics usod, was t vating causa of tbe flmployee's dis- abllng pulmonary- tuberc verdict swarding tbe employee 42,000 damages must bs affirmed, testimony and evidence to support that finding by the jury. WlmsMsrapdpKplc mads on February 9, 1940, show that the employee devalopad<^^oVBr/^orc s on or before that date and the em- ployea failed to brt^XSaevion a&dlnst he: oyer until February 15, 1941, the action is not tarcad^&y the one ycay^htatu' limitations, since in cases where there/4a\<bfttinuous tort, suf^as t oyer's failing in this instance to provide ratjrarexhaust fans, the Statute tations does not begin to run until^tSS^nsiof disability, which, 27, 1940. The Goodall COj^^vX^igtln. C.S. Circuit Ct. of Appe" ixfh uit. Nos. 9431-9432. 15, 1944. (CCH). 233 Report of tbe Bureau of Industrial Hygiene (State of Connecticut) A.S. Gray, Director. 57th Report of the Connecticut State Department <sf Health, ?p. 285320. (1942). This routine report testifies to increasing activity la tbs mmber of field trips, plants visited, laboratory determinations, ate*, and variety of sub icts investigated, which include extensive studios of particular hazards preset: -d by benzene, lead, fluorides, lacquering solvents, electrolytio alkali cleaning, electroplating and decreasing, with a number of other hazards encountered on a smaller seals. The number of surveys of industrial conditions was 923, and 132 studies of specifio hazards wars conducted. Publicity feature* included 25 radio talks. Tha work in tbe various fields is tabulated* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 234 Annual Report of the Chlaf Inspector of Factories for the Year 1942* Ministry of Labor and National Service. Factory Dept. Cmd. 6471, 1943. London: H.M. Stationery Office. An increase of 66 per cent over the 1941 figure in the nunber of accidents to women is due in part to the larger number employed in dangerous and heavy indus tries. Fencing of machinery and wearing of properly designed caps and other clothing are strongly advised for women. A safoty committee, with representatives of management and workers and one or apro trained safety officers should function in every factory of considerable sizgOTlndustriol lighting has been much lm> prov^^x with many installations scent tubular lighting. Ventilation. stiS^Cpoor in so^a factories durih&She hours of blackouts. Public opinion< more st^ftgly itr^hvor of and welfare departments in ell work* size. ^nsA has^be^ e^^hiMi'on in dermatitis due to OfT, tetryl, frfEfcliAjJd'of mercury apdf wMte may be credited to the use of recogmaara^precau- tlons. 0thajr^fogpyTqjCyyi sickness and aniline poisoning casenjLhS&Jbhowed a de cline. ToxtCSjum^^s^wsw notifiable. Of 14 cases notiflfg.ygSmfe associated with 1HT ajri^fawarat 4^^^73nts containing low proportuomior benzene. Prac tical metffiu^^^^rcom^n^the enhanced risk of sl^LuslsSra stool foundries are being^wjHBK Tswre has WmCt4 tendency to reduagm&f' hours of work for all w9#br&*' Industriol^toteoad'^yo multiplied^SA^J^ln factories and on docks an*\hvoiding sites. 23S Absented^ Managamen and J.J. Scott. Publication Noi29 of the Graduate School o stration, Georgs ?. Barker, Harvard University, Boston. Dec . Price 91.00. The authors made a systa entooism at three similar plants In the same city, largely m department of each plant be- cause the absenteo pwW^Aras In their records each absence was counted, of its longtli- B: method and by a comparison under similar coadlt effect of mahy^ef tors commonly considered was minimi zedj. ^J^a showed that the substantial percentage of employ^e^rno^uve one or no absences iwn in the plant employees as a<w^ In the casting shops of t the percentages with low Records was lower over the perio 1942 to March 1, 1943. itions were probably due to changes and other working con- ftions caused by government regulations and' work. However, In the plant designated C the absenteeism settl asonable figure after these disturbances* while in plant A it contin ng to the end of the study, plant B occupying an intermediate posltlon^Tfcp authors traced this var- iation to differences in labor policy. In plant A i^di dual pioce work was the basis of wages; in C the payment was on the basis of'tghil work done by all shifts over a 24-hour period; in C the foremen rotated"^ts in such a way that they were in oontaet with all groups of workmen, and wor^rjilisTsd of enough res ponsibility* on mechanical work so that thay could keep attegnce rocords and talk with the men about-absence problaaa and complaints. Ii?general, intelligent consideration of the nvasrous problems by the management was tbs greatest factor in reducing absenteeism. The authors boliove that in most discussions of absen teeism the attitude of management is not given sufficient consideration. Industrial Hygiene Dig*at - 6 Industrial Health. Hazards and Their Effects 236 Sewer Gas - Hazards la Sewage Plants C.S. McKinley. lad. lied., 12, 304 (December, 1943)". Hazards associated with this gas are: ) poisonous gases, (2) inflammable gas- es that may cause explosion, and (3 ciency of oxygen. Attention is called, to tfta^nazard of underground pump often found in sewage disposal plants^ Methods o\preventing-fat les in pumping pits are summarized. W. %L 237 Testing Mlaa^DiesoI ia^ne^viJm Lic^d Gas and the Carbon Monoxide the Diesel. jel Procoss. J. Tames. Gluclcauf. (1948) . I Go: By choosing a Lotion of the mixture, adjuataen^4f Yjjfcfess of air, condensation JtC.l )tto, Diesel end Diesol gam enjeUftsT in particular with the u ~ possible to countesosktha danger of carbon mono nan 238 29 . 48 , 49 (February, 1944). The author, a welding o Cg fines in non-technical and qon- medical language. The a runes are those from: (1) galvan- ized iron; (2> stainless s (3) burning of lead-based paints; ^nd (4) alumlnis welding operati vfumss in the galvanizing of iron, the hazard is aetal fume fover.^ collect in the lungs, as many welders believe, but are^^oo yad. Milk, waxath and avoidance of carbonated beveragas^an^ldvoc of fume fever. The injur- ious fumes oncount#raLm wording with^nta teel electrodes and welding aluminum are thoS^^ut/fluorine conpoun^i^ entals of prevention by ei- hnust systemsf^^ jfllhcussed very briefly^7 of the Composition of Arc-Wait Taran. Zavodsknya >-787 (1940). (Russian). )poses a method for taking samples of Nnc^mldSn^Ases for analysis, tractor pipes are used as electrodes. Onavgr the ogMdngs of the pipe is Cleaned carefully, welded and covered with the coat^ig unnw/investigation. The open end of the pipe ia conanected by means of a rrati>tubing to a plpet and a vacuum system. The whole system is washed with the arj^gae by meana of a vacuum pump, tho welding proceee startod and the gas passed plpet by means of a hydrostatic mercury pump. Approximately 200-300 cc. of g^|$s obtained from one electrode. Aaalysee are given of electric arc gas obtalsed^fcm various coatings of the electrodes. 240 Health Hazards from Arc Welding. Illinois Dept, of Labor, Industrial Hygiene Div., Factory Inspection Div., 111. Labor Bull., , 4-6,23 (August 31, 1943). Previous studios have shown that a great variety of poisonous, irritating or annoying dusts and gases may be found in welding fumes: nitrous fume, carbon monoxide, fluorides, silicates, zinc fume, lead fume, lime, chromlut, manganese, iron oxide, etc. Greatest ignorance is in the field of welding rod costings. There aro at leaat throe important factors in the work and tho environment: (1) ventilation, (2) volume of work, and (3) position of the welder. The Illinois study investigated the significance pf dust counts from two angles: the relation to hazardous gaaes and the relation to ventilating control. This study has shown that local exhaust ventilation ia not only practical, but the only reliable method for controlling welding fume. The way in which this local exhaust must Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 be applied in various operations is discussed at length. In locations where rentilation alone is inadequate, an efficient supplied air respirator is the solu tion. Because welding fume has been shown to contain a complex mixture of haz ardous air contaminants, many of which give no warning of their presence, it is wise to control the fume at the source by positive means. Prevention is better than treatisent or compensation. 241 Health Hazards in Welding. Ontario Apartment of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene* Pamphlet, 8 pp. No dato. Thif\booklet describes briefly iffiSc^dth hazards encountered in welding an vfe^tCTe procedures. The genera^^kssification of hazards is given and d tldraC^ov loegraxhaust ajrf^neral ventilation. 7or eye protection, sbade/Of\lcnaem^sre for various types of work. 242 The Inf:legatab losibillty of Metal Powders. J. Nagy and H.R. of Minos, Report of Invest. 44 pp. (Octo- her, 1943) Dlv. of Information, 7.3. B1 Minos, Washing- ton, D./C5 dy of inflammabili. losibillty of 14 metals made in t osion laboratory of the Tnrcorimental Coal nes. The tests made usually ialluded: (1) ai minimum energy needed for lgni- tlon of dlsperslona i layers; (2) rolatlve lnflanaablllty with two different so (3) minim* concentration required in a dispersion in air to pe: maximum pressure and rate of proa&ure rise in small explosions l oxygen content of the air needed to prevent ignition; and atmosphere on the powders. Most of the results are p: svsmsary covers 3 parses, so only a few of the m tfcjtfng'results will hero. The wall temperature re- quired la t, Lftfraace to ignitsT^owdi: rsions in air varied from 215 to 900C. /rc g to the metal ah) A dispersion of zirconium sometim^&vfe at rocm temperatur energy is required for igni- Maximum pressure attal uOf pressure rise vary widely. gives the highest figures for 72 UtXper sq. in. and 3,000 lbs. sq. In. per second, respectively, a OHKnepnd was required to roach the maTimurn prossure. A large explosion o: inthasMy would wreck a plant, and larga relief vents would not prevent damage ,?h0ve$als In decreasing trier of Inflammability are: (1) zirconium, magnesl its alloys, altaint* or: tltanium; (2) reduced end carbonyl iron, mangane nc, silicon, tin and mti- inony; and (3) cadmiia, copper, chromium, lead and lron. In diluting r.r with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium to reduce i! bility, it was found that titanium, zirconium and magnolia and its alloys e in pure carbon ii- oxide, whethdr dispersed or in a quiescent layer, and 1: gen in a quioscent layer whan heated sufficiently. Much work remains to be on the subject, and 9 fields for future investigation are listed. .tereatid in metal powders should obtain the entire report from the above address. 243 Rxternal Trauma and Peptic Ulcer - Anaida of Their Relationship. R.H. 7owler. Inu. Med., 12, 614-632 (September, 1943). From the study of m large number of ulcer cases the writer has found "tbs .cidence of primary ulcers resulting from a single blunt traumatism unaccocp *4 with other severe coexisting injuries" to be O.qt. A aull group of ph7- os still deny the existence of traumatogenic peptic ulcer under any circuastan s. Post-traumatic neurosis may indirectly result in peptic ulcer, in which casw :ne mechanism operatss through psychic factors of esutlonal stress on a subcliaicai ulcer. The histories of nlno litigated cases are reported. Industrial Eygiane Digest - 8 244 Dermatitis front Exposure to Tear Gas. J.T. Ingraft. 3rlt. J. Dermat., 54, 319 (Decmaber, 1942). Ingram reports a ease of dermatitis in an officer exposed to a fairly high con centration of tear gas (chloracetophenoae) in a confined space for three quarters of an hour. About seven hours later he noticed irritation of the skin, especial ly in the flexures, quickly followed by a morbilliform eruption which soon became blistered. Under simple treatonent with baths and calamine lotion the condition resolved in two weeks and loft the patient with no ill'effocts. 243 Occupational Acne. L. Schwartz Pock. N.Y. State J. 1711-1' (September 13, 1943). A Sig)of chemic tional acne is given, including a occ^pgpijms 1 at exposure. The chemicals include aradVsJh*in sum, insoluble soluble cutting oils, coal tar and jdetlftgg)nffiterlals, chlorne phenyls, chlordiphenyloxide, and aoli^ffl?Mnzols and chlo: ture and location of the eruptio^<aKSe^somowhat according the chsiicals responsible. DWKllgpIlre given by which he typeacae^ft^' list! d. Tbs article suggestr&reVfettive general and per- sonaj^dqg^gs^i^adl treatnent. The hist?d3Ml studies given are of e 246 Operator? and Machinery. 54, 108<-1^3^43). The effect of oil on thd/vin. ore discussed. Schweisheimer. Canad. ( cutting oils, and prevontlva care 247 Cosmetics end Darwwttti .< or. Parfuaer* 46, 45-46 (-Pabruar/,1944) If cosmetics are proj they ore harmless as a class and uay even be benefi she Dor is may occur, however, among work- ers manufactuz^\l&BBK beauty prlor_opei , and the general public. Although an occasionakcaM^>f allergie dc: ,o usa of cosmatlcs cannot be avoided.^^mdvpufbreaks have occurred-^ .US' cosmetics woro not properly tGstad^wrprtrboing placed on sale fol ing new cosmetic formulas cing them on the narkat i3 pj for purpose of minimizing the cases which may occur frou oral Transalsalon of Experimental Contact' itit|aC^L.H. Baileetero and A.M. Mom. Rev. Soc. Argentina Slol., 19, 10-15 p n^Spanish). Blister fluid, from an area of skin which had be<" ally seneltizad to 2, 4- dinitrochlorbenzane several weeks previously, pro locally sansitizad area when injected intradexmally in another animal. Thi shown by a typical ecze- aatous dermatitis upon application of the compound. 249 Results of a Questionnaire on Patch Testa. J.O. Dexmat. fc 3yph. 48, 514-513 (November, 1943). In industrial contact dermatitis, properly executed patch teeta are of inestimable, value in prevention and treatment. Hypersensitive reeetlone of certain individ uals can also be picked, up in this way. When patch teete are ueed in cutaneous diseases in which they are mot indicated they often lead to follacioue decisions. They are of value ohly in dermatitis vonenata and dermatitis medicamentosa in which the eruption is of the eczcmatoid type. The site of testing most commonly chosen by dermatologists is of tho flexor surface of the arm. It is unwise to tost during tho acute stage of the eruption and also as few patches as possible should be applied at one time. Eighty per cent of dermatologists questioned an swered "no" to the queation "Should patch teats be made by general practloners?", Industrial Hjrgiane Digest - 9 for routine patch testing Is of little value and aay be dangerous. Pre-employ ment patch tests are not advised. Careful talcing of the history, knowledge of the patient's exposures, personal investigations and the study of the various con tacts will reduce the necessity of patch tests, but when needed they will continue to be of distinct value in dermatology. 250 Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. S. Horner. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 36, 633 (October, 1943). Principles of prevention are: Selecctti!on, PProtection, Inspection and Cleanliness, The selection of the right personae, ddeenrmatitis hazards is to be attempted, despith proeent labor conditional^Sbe^part played by diet and vitamins in tt pretwnttlon and cure of industrial " tltis has yet to be determined. 251 Poison 373 (19 The autbo tls and has tivity the tltis o sens: Ida had no or no prophyla*i ty when applied effective. J.B. Howell. Arch. Derm. various preventives recommended for vy deimati- rally ineffective. Tor the pe: erage senai- soap and water will lessen t rity of the derma- h 5 or 10 minutes aftpf^xpo Tor an extremely ir is ineffective only one minute. ?er- latum, spread ction; sodium perborate had tassl ite, however, lessened the is after exposure. 252 A Study of Pneumonia in Industry. The Epidemiology and Manage- ment of 864 Cases over a 0 in the Kaiser shipyards. M.T. Collen and others. J.Ind% -7 (January, 1944). The gross mortality of n the hospital was 8.20. The annual frequency rate of piuastaip in t 9.5 per 1000 workers, which is cot different than t# undonee among thp^ge: pulstlon, so far as reliable data indi catg. <:\wlier does the type^oj*. . , as shown by evidence present- ed, differ imat bait seen among the gibes' tion. Pneumococcal pneumonia accountj*Kfi*>TO0 of the cases, with tywe( making up one-third of jvmonias. factors that cannd^ effect the incidence of [a are: (1) The length of time a d in the region. (2) The of employment in the shipyard. (3) Be oi value of a low leukocyte count as a mean pneumonia was affirmed. The relationship between or lobes Involved and albuminuria was emphasized. T&jk^t: done in the shipyard, ty of pneumococcal and age, number of of theaa patients with sulfadiazine end adjuvant thorapy was phasl ^ -- Condensed from Authors' 253 Tuberculosis in Worth Carolina Industry. T.T. Vestal. "^ftafilth Bull.,(North Carolina State Board of Health). 56, 7-11 (December, 1943) Employees of 25 industrlaa were given cheat X-ray examlnatl^ni! These industries are widely distributed over the state, and are located in 8 ebuntiaa. Six differ, ent types of industry are represented. Almost 42 thousand people were examined. A rate of 1.50 pulmonary tuberculosis was found. Cardiac and other patholowos also discovered. The greatest aunber of tuberculosis cases vers found to he in the early stage. Thm next greatest number was in the moderately advanced stage, and the snaileat nmbar in the far advanced stage. This Is the reverse of findings on admissions to sanatoria. -- Author's suomry. 254 Sound-Proof Airplane Motor others. I.X.Xatal. J. Acoustical Soc. of Am. 15, 114-115 (October, 1943). The noise of an airplane during testing is not only a danger for the crews but is an annoyance to the neighborhood. The author describee the two main types of air plane motor tect chambers and the means taken to make them nearly soundproof. -dustrial Hyglens Digest - 10 255 Aatvimw Prevention la Industry. I. Gray and M.M. Albert. Ind. llad., 12, 801-305 (December, 1945). "Bronchial asthma is an hsraditary disease, which occurs only in predisposed in dividuals*" A past or present history of allergic disease, rather than a pre- pi ac ament physical examination, should be the criterion for determining employ ability in occupations where the incidence of asthma is known to be high (such as in the baking or fur industries). Tbs study of S cases, which are cited in the article, calls forth several observations. In every case pre-asttxnatic symp toms were present, and the patients should have been removed from their occupa tional environment. In most casesmeasure will terminate the astta&a*, in others it may fall by reason of^^d^f^s^ that superimposed infection is pres$ Setrau cases demonstrated oc^rrence of sensitivity to an occupation tactr-^ftar seTejrh^) years^ sure to a potent allergen. 256 Rheumat ndustry. S.A. Underwood. J. Inst. 63, 153-1 Rheumatism >rm, used to cover four groups es: (1) acute rheuaati joint rheumatiaa, (3) ar rheumatism, and (4) lumatio diseases ible for a great deal in thd^atry. s ous causative f discussed. Prophylaxis valuable, a(jtf^a t f concern lei*. Important factors i^)prophylaxis of r` ity a improved standard of living and of housing, (2) impro _ 3) correction of toxic lnfluedces, (4) facilities for skll more active and early treatment, and ( 6) a need for suitable erapy and adequate rehabilitation arrange- ments. 257 Spirochetal Jaundice* __ _ __ .J.^^Aea and J.B. Snavely 419-524 (Octob In a strikingly^ dice has beemov^ Lve article. 9V oked in the past^afcd easa in mrtutM^of differential di lnt out that spirochetal jaunze certain features of the dis rate, as well as field aice,^<*j'pig3, foxas and horses, ms&7^pRv< boring laptosplra. Sxamin- nine water and muck has recently^ratealMt tospiras morphologically uishable from laptosplra icterobesB^^iagi single mine in Alabama 14 human casaa of spirochetal jaundldfcftrffeurr itt-patbogenic saprophy- laptosplra occur in natural waters all ov^rthe An occupational his- tory has usually bean present in the reported a B&tory of moist, damp or wet environment is obtainable. Occupations a ncountered in tha disease are those of sewer workers, trapped coal miners, workers, fish wrkers, rice-field workers and cane cutters. The clinical of diagnostic signi- ficance are (1) am acute infectious disease with acut and prostration* (2) Severe myalgia appearing spont the thigh, calves and back. (3) Signs of liver damage, age. (5) Leucocytosls. (6) Epidemiologic information - , fever, headache and on pressure In Igns of kidney dem on, occupation. Leptospiras can be found in the blood In tha first stage (7-l3 days), immune bodies between the 12th and 17th day and increasing in concsntratlon, and organ isms in tha urlns after the 2nd or 3rd week. Salient features of 15 cases ob- served at the Charity Hospital over a period of two and one-half years are pre sented, and the differential diagnosis discussed. A high incidence of gastro intestinal symptoms and abdominal crises existed. Bronchopulmonary, central ner vous system, cardiac and 9CG features are presented along with mention of hemorr hagic diathesis. Tha similarity of spirochetal jaundice to pnevaonia makes it possible for the condition to be mistaken for hepatitis secondary to pneumonia or sulfonamide therapy. In the article two cases of laptosplra canlcola infec tion are discussed with a review of previous studies. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 258 Brueallosia la Packlng-ifeuae Workers. M.G. Lariat. J.Ind.Hyg. sTox., 25. 451.2 (December, 1943K Because of lta prevalence among packing-house workers, Brucalloais is coasiderad an occupational disease. It may be spread among the general population by ingestion, but observers baliare that contact infection occurs in slaughter-house workers* The finding that packing-house workors eat partially cooked meat, offers a new approach to the epidemiology of Brucellosis. The practical importance in dustrially and sociologically of eradicating this disease is obrioua. Proper education of slaughter-house workers jll help to eliminate this hazard. 259 as at High Environmental Teanercture 7isschar._ J. Hyg. &Tox., 25. 454-9 (December, 1943 ermine the value of the practice of a in especially hot situations, suoiSs menace white males served as subjects. Tw^jtaro^jnmental At a mean tasporature of HOOF. arfld reSkive himidity cted to simulate roughly thoaa Cgjjnn^n^many deserts, rest was 174 g. per hr. and at(^ri 309 g. per hr. and a relative hualdi^t of^, conditions select- tropical seas thararapftiere 76 g. at rest and tal tamparatuMSY^tnbutabla to the wet cioth- nR^at higher temperature, the aver- pulse rata was an reat in tbs wet garments than in the nude. For appllcat: situations it is believed that fur- ther investigations sho 260 Light. Temperature, ts'dj^frha Working Environment. A.M. Beetjer. lad. Mad., 13, 111-11 44) Subjects discussed and Low Temperatures; Effects of Temperature y on Resist Relation of Temperature to Work and AccAi Optimum Conditio^, ture, Humidity and Air Movement; Prevent!; and Effects Ultra-violet, Visible and Ii o Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. .M.A. 122. 1013 (August 1943). in engineering survey carried on in West Vir^SMs^revStil^d that in many homes one or more gas appliances discharged carbon monoxid^tinto the rooms, some of them in large quantities. Clinical studies revealsd Q^^red genaral health, nervous ness, ill-temper, etc., duo to prolonged repeated erasure to snail amounts of carbon monoxide. In a field survey of the health ahd=I|viflg conditions of 279 parsons who lived at boms or worked in shops where natj^l gee was constated for cooking or heating, 13? gars histories suggestive of cai&p monoxide anoxemia. It is to be noted that milder fonts of carbon monoxide pd^ed^ing do not present any distinctive clinical picture, the manifestations being^essentlally subjective. In suspected cases the definitive diagnosis will require proper cheal cal examin ations of the blood of the patient, as wall as of the sir he bee been breathing. 262 Cadmlim Poisoning. Ontario Dept, of Health, Div. of Industrial Hygiene. Pamphlet 3 pp. No Date. Although the toxle properties of cadaiua and lta compounds hare long been known, it is only recently that cadmium has assisted importance as a source of industrial and domestic poisoning. Coincident with the increased us# of dadmlum there has bean a sharp nee in the number of casea and even deaths have occurred from this source. Cadmlia may eator the body either by lngeatloa or by inhalation, and produces different sets of symptoms according to the method of entry. Industrial Industrial hygiene Digest - 12 poisoning is practically always by inhalation. Cadaiin. dust or fuses nay be produced by grinding, burning or welding of cadmium-plated metals, cadmium, alloys and metals covered with cadmium-bearing paint. 263 Experimental Ammonia Gas Poisoning la Rabbits and Cats. E.M. Boyd and others. J.Iad.^rg. & Tox., 26, 29-34 (January, 1944). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning in rabbits and cats was found to be associat ed with : (a) An increased output ofrespiratory tract fluid, (b) Nb appreci able effedt upon the water content qffithe tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar portions<\of the reepiratory tract. /^M^increase in the iron content of the travail, bronchial and alveolar\^wions of the respiratory tract and an edle^"- ci radheal portion, (d) No change in the cMforlS^ content rease in blood hemoglobin above normal^begSiSning about (f) No change in sorua chloride. >ffl'4s^lncrease in plasms' mostly tho cholestorol fractions, H&rLaSee was ob- tained tha pharynx acted as a partial filtsb <mrfeimoaia( pro tec t- ing the t?alftntf)6nd b but not the smaller bronc^Adea^n^a llveoli from the action^ofTtne^^S^gthe ,co being both histoloatfakend chemical. In prelim- inai^Qn^rlmenta^ h.rm-t found to lower tfSeTi^arnortality rate from `gas poisonihg^i injected sqa^aj^Gusly just before or just asnonia-gassl 264 Toxicity of Lead Chromat " and others- J.Ind.Hyg. 4 Tox-, 26, 46-54 (February, 1944) It must be concluded, les of lead when in the foxm of lead chromate may exist in tbout causing lead absorption than is true in the case of ^erla of the amount of lead allowable in the atmosphere^ y in the case of this type of corn- pound. Atmosptamc^&tfexainations of-loanot 3ubstanSlhia<Qfr other data. Whlg>thi cause erroneous conclusions if does not pretend to cover lead compounds which ict same way us lead chromate, ^tly recognized possibility certain lead compounds is su] )ther/ higher standards should be e of a "packed tube" type rector has proved useful in this i atic should aid in similar ss of investigation where accurate eval baric lead contamln- Nation are needed- Work completed several ye ng prepared for pub- licatlon now, on the solubility of- several lead h blood serum and lung fluid, indicates that those lead compounds are most Insoluble in such media would provide a margin of safety in the use ^eed compounds that does not exist with the relatively soluble compounds* TM^does not mean to say that solubility is the only factor to be considered, but tl ia an important si deration. -- From Authors' summary and conclusions. 265 Lead Poisoning aa a Clinical Entity Purine the Racondltlap^^of Warships. ? Hankins* U.S. Naval Mad. Bull., 4^ 1*785-1791 (November, 1943). Lead poisoning occurs with greater rapidity and severity from inhalation of lead contaminated dusts and fumes then from the ingestion of load in various foms. Cases developed and continued to develop among the point removal crews working on tha ships until affective measures were taken end enforced to keep the respir ed air free from lead-laden dust and fumes. This proved to be the only effective control of pluabism. Dust control measures alone are sot sufficient, but in addi tion adequate respirators must be worn* Cleansing and clean habits are important. A list of suggested regulations la included* Industrial hygiene Digest - 13 266 Traatmsnt of Lsad Poisoning. Conferences on Therapy. N.Y. Stats J. Mad., 43, 2079.2086 (November 1, 1943). Tbs discussion emphasizes tha facta that Ingastad load, especially in i amounts, raraly causes poisoning because of poor absorption, and that tha greater danger of lead poisoning exists when fumes are inhaled; thus industry is the chief source of load poisoning. The prevention of poisoning is very important. Control of exposure and proper industrial hygiene are necessary. Factors which control lead metabolism should be considered. The general state of health, and also nutrition, age, sex, and alcotogtjfsm are all important. Diagnosis of poison ing c&ay be difficult. Therapy, ex^^^for puroly symptomatic treatment, is onJshSK parallelism between the^dsTbiXm and lead streams. Lead is either urn deficient diet and drugs, and excret |h calcium and vitamin D diet. The fo the oisoning during treatment, while tha^l runs supply of lead remaining fixed in tha scorning episodes of acute poisoning. _i\ 267 d Alloys. III. sLead-Tin- G.R. Cowglll 4 Tox., 26. 22-28 j-of thi poss city of a lead-tin-antimony <dfr.solder containing 63.89 per cent lead, These rats, receiving million of diet, proved to be qdlte similar to tha control leal diet but so lead, with respect to growth, concentration of In and tha appearance of stippled calls as well as with respect to lead stored In their carcasses. Rats fed an identical amount 300 parts of lead par million in tha form of lead acei tan^fU lgna of lead poisoning; their car- casses contained unts bt'TSed. concluded that ingested solder of the composite tudled as a source is non-toxic for the rat. -- Authors' s in Soldering Operations.^., Illinois Labor Bull., )<3l (October 31, 1943). production bas required (l) an increase of solders as a tin 'conservation measure from 30% to as high as increase in tha us4 of silver soldor. Gee-heated soldering irons, oT^the danger of building up large quantities of dross in their gas muffle preaant a real lead hazard, Tha muriatic flux gives rise to irritating vapors enoatitis. ZLsctrlcally- heated soldering irons use rosin which is an irritah1 Tha soldering of condensers which have been treated with chlorinated TSj^rfLpreaonta an added toxic vapor hazard. Silver soldering may have harmful qualities of fluorides arise from tha flux. Machine soldering is used axtansival^^ making tin cans. Tinning pots create a certain amount of irritating smoke but^tha control of the lead used by adequate exhaust will also eliminate the smoke nuisance. Also whan solder is removed in reclaiming motals by "sweating," the lead in tha air is usually many times the imthuhi of 1.3 mg. par 10 cu. m. Control measures in soldering operations came under the headings of good housekeeping proper hood ing and local exhaust, and conscientious personal hygiene. 269 Carbon Tetrachloride - Part 2 of a Literature Study of Reports of Occupational Injuries Attributed to Volatile Solvents. H.P. Quadland. Ind.Med., 321-829 (December, 1943). In this paper both occupational injuries and other damages from carbon tetra chloride are reviewed. Brief mention is made of seme reports which are not in cluded in the table. Industrial Hygiens Digest - 14 270 Carbon tetrachloride Poisaniwfl In a Parachute Plant. W.Z. Doyla and C. Baker. Ind. Mad., 13, 104-192 (February, 1944). An outbraak of illness, involving 137 nor workers occurred in a plant manufactur ing nylon parachutes. The symptoms, namely, nausea, abdominal pains, vomiting, weakness, coughs, colds, headache, etc., constitute the recognized symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning in various stages. This causa was definitely es tablished after the elimination of other possibilities and an investigation into working conditions. It is believed probably that all the aaployees are suffer ing from chronic or sub-clinical carboa? tetrachloride poisoning. Remedial meas ures advised are: (1) Improvament^of^Wgntilation, which was inadequate because of effects to conserve fuel; (2)<MBjkd*4ny possible unnecessary soiling of : t(achlorlde; (3) Replace carbon tetras with ble. (4) Provide containers for carbj chloride^ ose when not in use. (5) Perso i^^hiSavoid- ably axpo^ chloride should: (a) Drink a quar iSa day to increase leval. (b) Avoid greasy foodauM L the use of oily 1 possible, rotate work to ^ofl, iged expo- sura. ( coholic beverages. from Authors' saaiEiy 271 Use* Ind. Med., 12, 832-835 1943). ^ Aminathiazole, an inte sulfathlazole, may readill be absorbed by chemical wo A mmber of workmen exposed too air concentration ranging per cu. ft. (0.0036 to 0.11 mg. per liter) complained of certai' o symptoms, the commonest of which'were brown pigmentation of the nausea and vomiting. A few workmen, probably having devalo ty, responded to ordinary exposure by a syndrome of suddl ling serua sickneas, and consisting of severe itching^fo^l^red by severe ains in the joints which mcapa- cltated thorn Jtorv^rMtoda up to five te recovery without residual - Author's f Inspired Radium Emanation 30, 489-492 (1942). (German). ia of experiments with mica, reports o rations of conditions in pitehblande mines results (3rlt. J. Radiol., 12, 54, 1939) are app: however, untrustworthy because young Instead of clent mice were used for adequate periods, and adequately controlled. Tbs toxic concentration of mice is approximately 10~9 curie per cc. Schraub and I. Schraub. um poisoning, and obRead and Aottraa' s orrect. They are, ce were used, insuffltal conditions were in- emanation in air fer 273 Intracellular Penetration of Bromide as a feature in the tv of Alkyl 3roa- ides. D.F. Miller and H.W. Haggard. J.Ind.Hyg. feTox., 231^423-33 (Dec., 1343) Methyl bromide is hydrolyzed in the body with the formation of inorganic bromide. In part, this hydrolysis may occur within the intracellular fluid, resulting in a distribution of bromido different from that for bromide given orally as sodium bromldo. The systemic effects of methyl bromide may thus be an unusual form if bromidiaa with intracellular penetration of bromide. A few experiments on ethyl bromide indicate that it is leas rapidly eliminated than msthyl bromide and is also hydrolyzed to a less-extant. With the amounts administered there was no indication of an approciable accumulation of bromide in tbs intracellular vatcr. The hydrolysis appoarsd to occur predominantly in ths extracellular fluids. -- Authors' conclusions. Industrial fygltii* Digest - 19 274 Daniya of Methyl Chloride as Substitute for Freon. C.P. McCord and others. J.A.M.A., 124. 94 (January s 1944). Freon, is no longer available in any quantity for use as a refrigerant because of military requirements. The best substitute for use in the same mechanism is methyl chloride. The following precautions should be observed when the- change must be made: (1) Methyl chloride is toxic and inflammable; (2) Do not use tethyl chloride where it will come in contact ?/ith aluminum or zinc; (3) Test the -/stem for leaks before charging wlthmethyl chloride; (4) Do not use a halide torch^when tasting for leaks after thSaystaa has been filled with methyl chlor-^ idqjxXs) Increase superheat setfiSLo^'Freon"-charged thermal expansion valv^ to maximum . (Netf oriflco maj^Jje ngpaed to reduce capacity of valve); (6) Ii dryer^^liqui^^ie. 275 (Methylene Chloride). I. Studies o and others. J.Ind. exposed to 17 mg. perl. ('^^p.p.m.) of di- 6 months. Ther^^s no"eAdonco of toxic , but a retardadd5Si\ffl/&rowth rate of guinea ood changes emNxrfpuin dogs or rabbits, and in do^ wltU^^s^& limits, and no eAdance of liver dsms _ eats. In another soriee of ex- peAment s weeks at 20 brs. per woek. Two out of 4 dogs and 4 out developed liver injury, but none was seen in monkeys, rabbits Vejfcl of the effected animals died, appar- ently from acute pulaoi edema. Repeated applications of di- chloromethane to the rabbiiiAlead to hyperesda followed by scaly exfoliation. Data. ArS\ */l~ ` * dichloromethane in the blood and urine of vertfchg^dfimals. Thes confirm other reports on tha comparativelsQtoV^exicity of dichlow: are available concerning the effqgj&V^c^ropeated exposures on from theso animal exper- imenpe^SsOi tantatively suggested tha owable concentration for 3/dpdrd^d2ily exposure is 500 p.p.m. Icology of Djchlorometbwrio lMethylene Chi Effect Uprtw Running ActiAty in the Male Rat. L.A. Happel and P nd. Hyg. it Tox., 26, 17-21 (January, 1944). A concentration, of 5,000 p.p.m. of dichloromet air causes a great diminu- tion in the running actiAty of young male rets as ln a standard type of revolving drm. At this concentration the V show any depressant effects-by ordinary inspection. It is suggested that ance tests might be e useful adjunct in determining pe: plication of perfara ble concentrations of toxic solvent vapors* -- Authors' summary 277 Petroleum Solvents and Trichlorethyleae. Part 3 of the Literature Study of Re ports of Occupational Diseases Attributed to Volatile Solvents. H.P. *uadiand. lad. Med.. 13. 46-51 (January. 1944). The case study covers only inhalation cases, and therefore excludes cases that have occurred through ingestion of petroleum distillates. No American cases :f trichlorethylanejrior to 1937 could be found. 278 Effect of Trtchloretbylana on the Human. Car<w nd Rabbit Electrocardiogram. J.7. Mallach and others. Am. Heart J., 26, 377-384 (1943). In dogs and rabbits there wee a marked slowing of the heart rate, ectopic beats and alterations in tha P and T waves. No significant electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes in normal subjects or patients Ath cardiovascular Industrial Hygiens Digest - 16 279 Hazards of Tatrschlorethane oa Shipboard. N.H. Friedman. tJ.S. Naval Med. Bull., 41, 1792-98 (November, 1943). Sufficient quantities of tetrachlorethane may be absorbed through the akin to produce complete necrosis. In the Navy, this substance is used as a solvent for organic substances In the impregnation of gas protective clothing. It nay be used with safety in properly designed and maintained equipment if there is ade quate ventilation, avoidance of breathing the vapor or skin contact, and no in ternal use. The vapor is persistent in storage spaces, and thus ventilation may not be completely accomplished, tfijajwessary exposure then permits asphyxia. Ti- prev^t shipboard accidents it pmended that: (1) hazards should be fuS^y^ecognizedsi (2) mpregnatsmoothing and storage drums should be stos&f^ well -ye^ilated^cdipartme%t>\( 3)^the substance should be supplied in sriLLlepr and s-Wry&p dita^^r^jSiwwrd stowage, and (4) if practicable, a 4iW\ieic organ! Instituted. 280 Carbon Pis of a Literature Study of Report eases Att Solvents. ELP. Quadland. (Feb; kudy - orts in tabular American cases of occupa- >sure to cS^o hide in the terature since 1932. Data include circ and axposure, ventilation, early later symptoms, 1 equaneea. A number of cases( which are omitted are mention omissions are stated. 281 The Chronic Toxicity of entrations of Bsnzens and of Mixtures Of Benzene and Its Somologua a aad<gossI J.L. Svirbely, R.C. Dunn and W.?. von Oettingea. I. *. 76.^00^46 (February, 1944). Animals exposed to ad to present tbs same blood pic- ture as those e: nds containing 50 to 60 per cant benzene, 30 cent toluene, 4 lane, and other hydrocarbons, The mostn' Stic features wer^ raphopenia followed by leucocy- tosls <s^y^bB^ocytosls. The differs couat^imicated changes in the aeuoro- ph^rmanj^ympbocytes only. No marked w^mfced. The exposure time was i^t^teven hours daily, five days a week eaw&ght weeks. The urinary ite and hippurlc add excretion in the upon the benzene and toluene content of the solvents. The pathol und in rats exposed to benzene. Solvent Z, and Solvent 7 were dose pared. The spleens of many of the rats exposed showed some evldenc xic effects -- hemosidero- sis, small lymphoid follicles, and narrowing of t rifollicular collars of close packed, pels cells. Minor differences in the e of change were noted in the case of eech solvent. No significant patholoi ;es were noted in dogs exposed to the solvents. -- Authors' conclusions. 282 An Unusual Case of Trinitrotoluene (TWT) Poisoning. Tally. J. Iad. Hyg. 4 Tox., 26, 35 (January, 1944). The author reports a case of TNI poisoning in which the exposure consisted of dust settling on exposed parts of the body. Manifestations includsd yellow color, dexmatitls, bleeding and running of the nose, bronchitis, headache, ner vousness, fatigue, constipation and hemorrhage under the skin of the dogs, which were not exposed. The men's condition returned to normal after removal from ex po sure. The small number of cases of TNT and tetryl poisoning is undoubtedly due to the excellent work of the industrial hygienists and medical directors of the various plants. Industrial Eygiane Digest - 17 283 C^lorohydrocarbon Solvents. E.W. McGovern. Ind. Eng. Chan., 33, 1230-1239 (December, 1943). Included in a comprehensiva paper on the properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity. The toxicities of a nuaber of the solvents in them selves are of the some order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride'are practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher molecular weight on account of their higher vapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides have low toxicltles, but, being gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high concentjjanfen. of the vapors with increased fire and health hazards* Chloroform, beta^trfj^orothane, and especially tatrachloret(jmdt& high toxicltles, and mustSTOpused with precautions although their vara^^. are la genfi\ tnman beings should not be exposed to atjflspSyes 'the odQgn^pf chldSrotrarocarbona are detectable. However, thd^ipM^e vsfpropat erly designed equipment. DanMt \midhin con tact and Lgher temperatures with formation oxic sub stances are Lefly, as are also methods of dete 284 \the reo (J sagasse disease ' an involved,^rea Lc pnevjaoconioaisTy alveolar regions end p' " the nature of the stimul reaction, remain obscure* V.A. Sodemon and R.L. en tew Orleans Med. & 1943). lung is repo: r with the findings at lung. The appears to be that of an of bagasae may enter the The mechanism of the changes, aid agasae dust to produce the cellular 285 Pneunoconlosls and Work 395-396 (September 2&^.TOi * The Committee onlmm^urial Pulmbnary Dis elusions on caurfuxar*4r differences/!^, in Wales coalfi^|jkN*nthracite dust is^mora d. The nosts^kpQg^ant measure in prevent the uftid&eo To this end, the canalttee^i' passed in this article: (1) main r to prevant dust dispersion, (3) ng points, (4) reduction of shot-firing men expoeed, (5) regulation of ripping proces during spake Journeys* Brit. Mad. J. No. 4316, bean unable to draw final conof pneumoconiosis in the South than that of bituminous nines, ction of dust breathed by rles of procedures which of 4d$auate ventilation, (2) use ofedMfc in roadways and at min|ipj0tj\ with fewest possible ____ retention of chill (^sp 2S6 Liquefaction Necrosis in Bilateral Svgaetrl**! ^^"p^dfeerate Lesions of Anthracosllicosls of Luna: Report of Case* 3.J. McCloskey7 ~Jia*i>J. Roentgenol., 50, 42-45 (July, 1943). ----------------It is the intention of the author to show that the corre^M^terpretatlon of the sentgen appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the coogtesMate lesions of anthracosilicosls may ha vary difficult. A case is roported? showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. Tha only known axposura to silica was when the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of 12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before his death* The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening. At autopsy each cavity was found to contain thick,, black, viscid fluid, which showed no free silica on examination* Examination of tha canty wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.25 per cent silica. 287 A New Radiologic-Social Classification of Pulsrenary aiifeaele. R.Lorca and others. Bol. de la oflciaa amitart* piumMrieti. 22. 976-881 (November. 1943) .(Spanish;. Tha authors renew the principal lystmi of classification of silicosis, includ ing that of Irvine and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930. They Industrial Syglene Digest - 18 then propose the following classification, reducing the eight groups to fire: (1) exposed but showing no silicosis; (2) suspicious; (3) confirmed phase No. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) 'confirmed phase No. 2, marked nodular fribrosi3; (5) confirmed phase No. 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. 288 Asbestosls and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desaeules and others. Laval mad., 8. 217 (Marc h, 1943). (Trench). Asbestosii is an occupational disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence ofadlSastos bodies in the sputum, and is charac terized by the transformation oinmU lung tissue into fibrous tissue. tcgsPkppear usually fire to seV^^ei^s after the beginning of exposure. asbSszoais 20 y^pL^Ia<: re^seen in 8 workers exposed to asbestos^dUapN ases asbestosls was masked by tubercuMl&^^ 289 porialveolar scle: of asbestosls appear' matter could not be di berculoais. R. Desaeules and M. G^r9<iK5 L.aavval Ned. nch). ear old man is given who had woKjad^ror 20 years in an s he had developed prpdribtive^xough which increased was admitted to tjM^hom'prtal he started to run t. The cl 1 nlcaiy'S^gposia of ulcero-fibrous confirmed bjMaeAutopsy. Diffuse peribronchial was. a^so sesi^kV^a believed that the first symptoms year^jfoScA symptoms of tuberculosis, but tbs adidlogfcafcly and pathologically. 290 Asbestosls Bodies. M. .va^^d., 8^ 239 (March, 1943). (Preach). The "curious bodies" sputiir^f patienta suffering from-pulmonary asbestosls usually tO.JSS mu to 24 mu but can bs as large as 250 mu. They consdsVVcf^'a central fiber1 bsstos which is covered by a golden yellow substaK^^oJrfeining iron, ^ahit pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalatidj^T^^elbestos dust. Aabaaltaaia t develop in the rabbits nor in the 4tf\^Bhii guinea pigs shewed, s macrophages with asbes- tos la their alveoli. Erythrocyetfi^a; i alveoli, and hsmoglo- Natives containing iron could biK-f ^ flbers two to three tbs beginning of the lnbalat atoa dust. When a aus- of asbestos in olive oil was inject y or into the testi "cles of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies were er, if first one cc. of blood was Injected and then the asbestos dua(f^__ _ _ the same needle, asbes- tos bodies could be found one month later. The^p^d^nce of aabestos bodies in the sput\mi is believed to be a definite 3ign of puimiiraftry asbestosls. 291 Coincidence of Primary Carcinoma of the wd Asbestosls. ?. Hamburger. Am. I. Path., 1_9 797-807 (Septber, IS. In the medical literature there are now at least 19 known<$l#es of asbestosls associated with, primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 auto$3lea at the pathology laboratory at Yale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1936. Asbestosls was diagnosed 3 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found In 4 of the 8 esses of asbes tosls and twice is the 17 silicotic cases. Despite the high correlation of the foreign body asbestosls in the lungs with primary pulmonary carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of these data is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosls was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (1) fibrosis of the lung and (2) presenca of asbes tosls bodies. Industrial Eygiana Digest - 19 292 Pulmonary Aabeatosla. L. Rousseau, Latal lied., 8, 233 (Merch, 1943). (Pranch). The radiological picture of pulmonary asbestosis is not characteristic; it is usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies bay* beon found in the sputum. Asbestos fibers may be seen in the sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosis; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients who have died from an intercurrent disease may show asbestosis, which had not been found on X-ray examination. The case history of a 42 year old man with asbestosis without tuberculosis is giren. The patient had been working in the asbestos industjaOror 18 years. 7or 2 years the patient had^ been^tffering from increasing cgdgliTpfpactoration and dyspnea. Roentgenoloj fcion showed'mottling of botSxungs. Sputa and gastric examinations lineatoa bodies were found in the Detection and Determination w.w ,, 0> 293 uantitatlvs Detefti ti ^^of^Cyanide Lester. J. Ind. 5yg. it Toif., 26, 61-63 (7ebru' The author describes a I termination based upon the colon- metric measurement of formed from methemoglobin exposed to air containing cyanide* I liter is sufficient for determining a concentration, as low & n, with an error of 0.1 parts per million, higher concentfi accurltW* The colorimetric measurement de- pends upon the chansaRkm^Jifeht a tlod^pmethmnoglobin at wave length 535 milli-oicrons, jsd&a^d^treases with ta conversion in accordance with the Beers- Lambert law.^Thjaydetails of collectti!dk lnation procedures are gi7en. SaBnliae<a^(K36&lysl3 of Air Contaminated,^? .B. Ind.Med., 13. 10C-103 44) * ' sis of air for yanous contaminant substances produced for use, is descnbed briefly. The stiQtffd la] and midget impinger y be used for the collection of ammonium piss^te, di toluene, tetryl, INT, nitroglycerine, mercury fulminate, tracer bullet uorides, metal fumes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases, iete after collection are indicated vary briefly* The Shepherd bottle is usl collecting substances such as nitrogen oxidee or benzene, as one type of sampler. The electrc- static precipitator and the benzol Indicator are disci ^-^brtefly, with mention of other special methods* - 29S Analysis of Atmospheric nnnts Containing Nitrate Ordufc^igs. H. Yagoda and?. 5. Goldman* J. Ind. Byg. ieTox.* 23. 440-444 (Dscmabtf. 1943). Methods are described for the estimation of nitroglycerine,. PEEK (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), nitrous fines, and ammonium nitrate in atmosphere* arising from manufacturing processes. The analyses are based on the nitration of m-xylenol in 62.30 sulfuric acid and the colorimetric determination of the nitr^rylenol Isolated by a simple steam distillation. -- Authors* 296 Dust Measurament. V.Orundssnn. Arch.techJiessen Lfg. 126. T 132,2 (1941) . (^e t^zan) Dust measurement is possible with the Tyndallometer by determination of tha in tensity of tha scattered light of the dusty atmosphere. Calibration currss for the Tarloue aorta of dust must he made bacauao the effects of size, form and op tical surface effects of the dust particles must be eliminated to secure an Industrial fyglana Digest - 20 297 Mlcroc gftl Determination of Mercury. A. Stock. Mikrochamie ver. Mikrochia. Acta. 128-136 (1941). In determining less than one-tenth of a microgram of mercury, the author feels that the presence of mercury in the air is tha principal cause of error. Com plete directions are given for getting the mercury in a sample into solution, precipitating with hydrogen sulfide and carrying out the electrolytic determina tion recooDonded in previous papers. To remove excess chlorine it is best to heat with 20% hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. The presence of considerable hydrochloric acid in the electrolyte d^s no ham and the vol\ae may be as large as lOtfvml. Under proper condltionarmt^respect to distilling off the mercury, resume) accurate <to one-tenth micrcma cu be obtained without the use of 1) air focr^dolingr^All reagen^^jsed^should be carefully tested for mere; bg'out the tests are described. The prood? ^racom- byr) tfSPls no simpler than that recommended thor lesi determining quantities under one mic: 298 Detsrminatio Rndks. The srogn&STrubber ha siS^fce usveloped* vicarindlcata that the borhood of 20 p.p.a* T IJeldahl reaction in whic is made strongly slkalina ing, the acrylonitrile is into a standard add so of Acrylonitrile in Air. di and H.H. Sd., 16, 63-64 (Janu 194 lonitrile in tha^ rative that a^ ure of one type of lve method for air analy- ents cot_ _ _ the U. S. Public Health Ser- acrylonitrila la in the neigh- thod depending upon a modified- lution containing tha acrylonitrile ad with hydrogen perloxide. Upon reflux- ativaly to sHDonia, which is distilled and precautions aza given. 299 Photoelectric P for Dotemli S. Silverman. ang. Chen., Anal^ Tha author 8 an absorption p Tri-Per by 7.7. Hanson. In thi^, utilig^ h is sensitive for carbon df atmospharlc constituents. The Z to 200 p.p.m* The accuracy is is approximately one minute. Hsulfide in the Atmosphere. >2-593 (September, 1943). jjn tho seme principle as the rent absorption band is not affected appreciably a range of concentratime of deteimina- The Fllargraoh: A Recording Device to Facilitate _____ Mlcroaetry. 2.D. Palmes. I. Ind. Hyg. &Tox*. 26. 64-67 (?ebruary. 1944). 3y use of the fllargraph a single operator can convanlif^Ly parfona all the operations of filar micrtMotry without tho eyestrain orrabjErily associated with this work. The filargxm is a convenient, permanent inked^a^ord of measurements which allows one to saparate particle measurements into var$$i^ size groups with ease and rapidity. Tha time required for a serlae of meesurwents is reduced by at least two thirds. Data obtained with the Jilargraph is in very good agree ment with that obtained with the filar micrometer alone* 301 The Use of the Microscope in Particle Size Analysis* G.l, fairs. Cham, and Indust.. 62. 374-78 (October 2. 1943). (London). The author discussee in detail microscopic procedures for particla size analysis. One interesting detail is the fact that sodium vapor light reduced eyestrain and improved resolution, and therefore the writer used it as a standard for his meas urements* Results are compared with turbidimeter and photo sedimentation appar atus* The turbidimeter requires less time hut is not as satisfactory for parti cles between 0-10 microns* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21 Control Methods 302 Control of 7/cldlng Fumes in Shlpbuil 13. 103*105 (January. 1944). ' Operations. Y. Rosenfeld. lad. Med., The/fcallowiug facts ware data result of air sampling and analyst Where\i0P control measures in tbe form of exhausi oxlvconcentrations of metallic fuses, pi Based from welding-operations on galvad&e^dteel, n ungalvanized materials only ferri^Wtrc^lusts and ) A number of illnesses of a respisa^onQ&aracter were as and carbon monoxide were gjMW3rnagligible. (3) oxygen depletion. Control aiEuwrSadviaed are tbe lufflew f^r all <siergenciM~$&fd equipment end air-auarfy ventilation. Tbe latter are welding on bfcBrcpta. Respirators may be .l^kily exposurq^P'^pr duration* 303 Grounding Electrical Gleim. U.3. Bureau of Briefly the conclusions _____ %al Mines* 7.2. Griffith and .J. , No. 3734. 15 pp. (December, 1943). al work are: (1) metal parts resting on a mine floor do not make not dependable; (3) fis und; (2) a single peg or rod is track is satisfactory; (4) tbe rasis- tance of all ground tbe spring; .(5) ia^ p'Whence conductor shcyi^a* >nnected to tcxslned periodically, especially in r suitable conductor, a separate ctrode of known resistance. f Flame Safety Lamps. 7271, 14 pp. (January, [cal accidents are mentioned, lamp. The historical development the modern lamp and its proper operation to make certain that all persons who their construction, proper assmably and correct; also to insist on proper training of all persons" test for gas. Other precautions include prohibltlc matches underground and employing only persons with' Bureau of Mines, sets or careless use of lssp is given briefly Coal companies are roughly familiar with inspection and testing; duties require them to moking and carrying vision for gas testing. 305 Accidents Dus to Misuse of Explosives. D. Harrington and^ZlS. Bast, Jr. U. 5. Bureau of Mines, I^f. Cir., No. 7259 14 pp. (November, 19*2) Fourteen accidents, many fatal, at widely separate localitiwh, and with varied causes, are described, as amples of soma- of tbs foolish things that should not bo done when explosives are bandied or used. Quoting from the sranary, "Ultimate ly rigid laws should be enacted requiring that all parsons mho engage in blast ing shall have a certificate of competency issued by the State after the appli cant has passed a rigid examination embodying fundamental faots on the character istics and hazards of explosives." 306 Fire Control tn MnnalTjg Foundries. R.I. Thrum*. Am. Fouadrymsn's Assoc., Rsprint 43-36, pp. 109-123 (1943). As a result of a series of experiments and actual magnesium fire extinguishing experience, the magnasiia foundry, with which the author is connected, developed Industrial EJyglena Digest - 22 307 L^mite of Tirflmiinablllty and Ignition Temperatures of Acatlc Anhydride. g.W. Joaee, T.S. Scott and G.S. Scott. 0.S. Bur. of Mines, Kept. Invest., No. 3741 (Decesiber, 1943). The temperatures between which air saturated with acetic anhydride vapor forms inflammable mixtures were found to be 47.3 and 74.4 C. (117 and 166 ?.). These data correspond to concentrations of 2.67 and 10.13$ by volume. All mlxtures between these percentages at the temperatures given above are inflammable. Tha flash point by the standard closed cup tester was found to be 124 ?. (51C.) Tho ignition temperatures were foundbe 392 C. (738 ?.) in air and 361 C. (6B20?.) in oxygen. -- Authors' 308 S1 gnal Alarms and Power Abases. W.J. 7ene and H.?. Weaver. Bureaa^fiie'Minea^jJif. CiptfiAjft}. 7262 , 8 pp. (Nbvmaber, 1943). The clf^l^r desdR^UK^gMjralazms and power releases which aut liddl^ give warning signals the power when any interruption ln<^ Nation has occurred. 309 I. Ac^ ^ genera^ed Leld and even l^of quieting this^ recommendations are s s for Airplane Engine Tfra* BWfrjftin^e. D. fitzroy. 106-113 (October, rplane enginee^SPe^rfJying to the personnel of reeights living a^^me^flstance. Tbs difficult probbar 1frWa a sub^gats^r investigation, findings and 310 The Means for Reducing t of the Quicksilver Vapors in the Air of Working Rooms of Manufac Individual Packets. G. L. Sklianskaya-Tasilievski kr ih, Moscow, Nos. 1-2, 37-40 (1942J. (Russian). ch In factories engaae^Jh >t*b manufacture o' sts of surgical dressings it was found that the shops contained concentration- of mercury. This came from daggnpraftlon of sublimata^oL from dust arising during the cutting g* unjcegnated gauze. The c has an affinity for chlar- ins, jrt&Jvvrttdh it combines during the ses' off^Soohing and drying, and therefore set free; the iron oftr^utoclava acts in a similar and free mercury is deposited at t ^tomi^^rronts of hot air aacap- cm the autoclave roams and the drying caiw^zjie mercury vapor into shops. By enclosing the autoclave and g cupboarde in exhaust chambers, and by isolating the drying and autoclave shops a otUrperte of tbe factory, great reduction was effeoted in the amount of m jPin the air. It was also found that the addition of sodium chloride to blchl of mercury, to facili- tate solution, tanded to force metallic mercury out tnf^s compound whan the latter warn heated; iodine compounds have only one-tontB^^the effect of sodljm chloride in this respect- The author suggeata that hie could be dissolved in boiling water (in which it is readily soluble) in ea clumber, and that cooling should also take place m an exhaust clumber, e it is in tbeee processes that noxious vapor is likaly to be given off. 311 The Prevention of Lead Poiaanimr m Blast-Furnace Operations. Bauer. Reichsarw beltsblatt 22, III. Arbeltsacbutz, 337-342 (1942). (German). Ordinarily the danger of lead poisoning from this source is not vary serious; however, there is same danger with those furnaces which produce special grades of iron that are made from raw material containing lead. A typical case is the Duisburg Hjchofeoweric which processes tbe so-called "Purpurer*." The lead con test of the iron droaa was 0.8-0.9$ originally; however, the use of a new alkali proceae which dissolved the lead by means of a concentrated eodi\a chloride sol^' tlon lowered the lead content of the iron dross to 0.18-0.20$. This new process Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 increased the cases of lead poisoning which wn3 traced hack to the fact that in this new process the lead is converted to volatile load chloride wluch exacpea partly into the ahnosphere. This danger was overcame by powerful mechanical ven tilation and the use of full instead of partial gas masks. 312 The Safe Handling and Storage nt Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid. C.M. Fahr. Chem. Inds. 53, 503-510 (October, 1943). Pctroleua Refiner 22, 239-44 (August, 1943). Oil and Oas J., 42, 39-40, 41-2 (JuljrJW, 1943). The principal properties of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid are given, in their rel tionsfctp to the problem of ban<H$|&\ boat materials for construction of tal ound, by laboratory and pilot plant as we. be a thoroughly deoxidized steel. be us laboratory equipment. Copper is satii^Sjrcpry in certain 's and silver and platinum may be empJ^jd^mMre con- structlon atlsfactory materials are also meatianedV^oetails con- ceming con pacity of shipping containers pA T3rage vessels are given- The' rous hydrofluoric acid may b^kricdmplished either by pressure an inert gas or b^/mmpinSr Types of pimps and sul t^l)^$tfklng Welding is indi(MetiU8r use wherever possible J^)hl^ronstructionSn^ equipme^t^'KMpflmexided safety practices in- cm&e: careful sale"~ Iaspection of premises and equipment, instructio clothing made of or coat , use of certain articles oi|. vision of water for washing tool and automatic safety she rat aid body principles similar to those given above*. All > be used only as means of reducing injury and mitigating s g the arrival of a physician fami- liar with the treatme burns. Safety Precaut .ufacturing 1943). ^ o be used in storage^ ipling and testing are di C.2. Starr, Nat. Patrolaim cessing operations, loading Compounds Precautions in Hand! lad. Med., 13, 110 ranuary, 1944). 'The precautions presented for handling chioro-^dphthalit^dhloro-diphenyl, and related chlorinated compounds ore applicable als<^j^p operations where analogous materials ore employed- This group of synthetichas ctrtsizr characteristic toxic properties, whose action causes a form of acxrp^raioh is sore widely dis tributed on the body than common acne. Preventive mesoKti^ee are classified as mechanical and hygienic- The former consist of good bd^S&eeping throughout the plant, an enclosed type of equipment, and installatioBydf exhaust rantna tion. Personal hygienic measures ora those generally obadH^ where dermatitis may result from exposure to toxic chemicals- Claeses of inaSrlduals who should not be employed on this work are listed- 313 Samidal Aerosols for Poet War Air Conditioning? T.W. Hutchinson- Heat, k Vent., 4^ 58-60 (January, 1944). Presant air conditioning processes are sot noteworthy for their effectiveness in establishing pure and "fresh" indoor atmospheres- One proposed method of im proving this condition is through use of finely atomized mists of solutions hav ing pleasant odors and bactericidal power- Development work on such germicidal aerosols has been accelerated as a consequence of the war and there is now a distinct possibility that such aerosols may become a standard part of post war air dondltionlng installations* -- Author's summary* Industrial Urgiene Digest - 24 316 Ventilation and Atmospheric Pollution. Defense Ventilation and Air Conditioning Problems. C.P. Yaglou, Chairman. American Public Health Aasoc., Report of Com alttea. Am. J. Pub. Health. 33, 859-361 (July, 1943). ?or snail workshops and factories that are ventilated by natural methods several types of blackout ventilators have been developed which obscure the outward pas sage of light without obstructing the air flow too much. Air conditioning of gun turrets aboard fighting ships has speeded up the firing rate by removing powder fumes and keeping the temperatures doigrt Submarines and sick bays of surface ships $re now copied in tropical retnlUo overcame temperatures of 90 to 95^, and Ix&idltles approaching the point* Among the new developments -industaaal air conditioning^ba^theVcbnduits system of ventilation which butes ^ione^^at^g^ilocities through small conduits instep ducts. ivs cantrifugal airwasher is being _ ic for deeont cal war gases and mists by cent: and counter- current was al solutions. Complete bouse i: including wall and roo addition to weather stripping, ve as much as SO* of 317 Assoc., Reprint 124-130 (1 Critical characterist the ease with which it can t^a ignited- Therefore the which magnesium dust may be formed muat he provided with sui terns. Thm author describes such sys- terns in some detail for use ipal stages of fabrication of magne- slum castings, including !>ol bufflng and grinding, filing of stands and flexible s O' aty precautions are recommended: (1) totally enclosed us all equipment should be grounded; (3) a protective uld prWent ope: unless tbs Liquid flow is cor rect; (4) equi magnesium should act ed for ferrous metals until cleaned; (5 should be eze: of cutting torches. The author dlgS ;hs question of oil v st collecting medium, pointAmgroS their relative advantages. ing one to the exclusion ot^OTb\hlr, believing that the advanteg not necessarily justi- rgp additional expense. (This position tlcised in the discus- n by C.C. Hermann, who considers the libe: en when magnesium is torod under water a definite hazard, and insl 'Hectors employing water should be vented.) 313 Dirty Aprons end Floor Dust are Spotted as Silicosis^Hraard Reuter. Ceram. lad. . 42. 84. 37 (February. 1944). 4 (Ry) This is a brief account of the control of silicosis haza&Mpnr Buffalo Pottery Co. At the beginning of the survey the employees and thei^jLon were assured that silicosis is no cause for discharge, and that mild caseg^e? silicosis are not aggravated by conditions controlled within on acceptable "minimus. After a thorough dust survey, steps were taken to remove the dust hazards, including: (1) furnishing clean aprons daily; (2) dally scrubbing of floors; (3) machines to eliminate the hand betting-out operation; (4} wire gratings on finishing benches; (5) grated bench tops for speoial batting-out operations; (6) change of spaed in exhaust fans; and (7) isolation of dusty processes. Industrial Sygiane Digest - 23 Industrial Medical Practice ________________________ ---____ 319 Occupational Disease - The Approaches to an Adequate Study. J.G. Townsend, lad. Med., 13, 132-135 (February, 1944). The following are key points to consider in an approach to an adequate study of occupational disease situations: llGlaTe a sound workable program. (2) 3e familiar with all phases of worltf^artimr plant. (3) Enow the occupational di; jurisdiction, 'e^elm the proper diagnostic tests. the dub^ect (6) Record your observations. ( ?) se consul review the literature. (9) Coopera and safety men in solving knot with the local pmctltlonor. - 320 VS. 89-Y5 43 sh hazards ta&stk#itl these are carbdiC motor vehicles and as solvents and cleaning and furfural), and matail dustry. in Swoden. Ind. Safety Survey substitutes are discussed, use of producer gas both in lane used as a fuel, substitute trichloroethylene, carbon disulfide ture polishes and in the munitions, in- 321 Industrial Hygiene 3d Public Health Service. 32 pp.(I943) This is a book of hotographs, pamphlets, posters and films dist y Public HealtS^Se: The photographs, dealing with silicosis hs^rdh^^ihysical examininsattiieens as^hsusekeeping, the fur felt hat industry<?attDd faw other hazardous o tionJr>^C# reproduced in the book, as ore a?r4rc&f the posters. 322 Led Woman Worker. Alabama State ranuary, 1944). ""The absentee rate for women, which has been ei is a problem of importance. A suggestion for tion of a maternal health program. Some recqamw of such policies are outlined. Med., 13, 94-98 gher than that for men, thSe' problmt is the adopns to guide the formation 323 Factors in Reducing Industrial Absenteeism H.O. Robert^ Executives Service Bull. (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) 21. 3-4 (November^943). Servel, Inc., when confronted with absenteeism on converng0to war production, adopted a plan which does not inflict penalties on abseatebfeout rather plans incentives and awards for "presentees." The plan Is substantially an attendance contest, with prizes to the individual with 6 months' and 1 year's perfect atten dance record, and plaques to tha daparttnents with the best attendance. The succeas of the plan is evidenced by the decrease in absentee rate from 10.C2% to 5.79% from April to July. Nutrition and recreation programs have aided in bring ing about succeas. 324 Frequency and Duration of Disabilities Causing Absence from ftork Among tha 3anloveea of a Public Utility. 1938-1942. V.U. Oafafar. Pub. Health Septa., 58, 1554-1560 (October 15, 1943). Absences on account of industrial injuries hare increased during this period, while absencee for noo-industrial injuries have decreased. The annual industrial Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 injury rates for females are consistently lower than the corresponding rates for males, while their noa-industrial rates are consistently higher. The fire-year average for the number of days per male absence on account of industrial injuries is approximately 32 days, the corresponding average for females being 36. Non- industrial Injuries show five-year averages of 11 and 14 days for males fe males respectively. There is also shown a positive correlation between the move ment of the respiratory disease rata and the rat4 for all sickness. It appears that for all the males as well as for tpe females the digestive diseases contri bute least to the- average annual ntmber of days absent per person; the respiratory group and tho non-reapiratory-non-digestive group, on the other hand, yield larger rates and are similar in aagnitudaf5(hoth sexes. 325 Workers. Third o,n*rter of 1943. Gafaf S. Public Health Service, (February, A cam; er absentee rates for 1943 with th^-c^kri^fading ones for y a few exceptions an increase for erc&^tlje. The number of a s or longer on account of sickness fowLaSn-industrial injurioc is^ es, which is an increase ot (&k)pnr last year, The reap the greatest gain, and dlgMrtive the least, Thus the mma 10 tcry diseases la sti&fUpBreaslng as it has since 194ftT\V9f the other , *>sive gains in rfcranm&^diseases, diseases of the * axe apt cancel seodtt^df the haartt^^edneries, nephritis, bronchitis irvoua diseases ullaq^SlpCS. These Increases are attri- buted to employment co of youths and older workers^ some long employed, some some excluded frem the axmed forces. overcrowding, migration 326 Absanteeima of Induatrl Michigan State Med. Soc., 42, 707 (September, Court presents analyzes absenteeiss among indus- trial workers. <^l'df*'the increase has been in respiratory diagnoses, ttfhlotbe? major classifl ed about stable. From 1939 thrqrtg&afcez^ respiratory diffic e most frequent and the only jafwTOjjig major cause of disabilit' universal use of supple- m&tiGuocJFttamins and the wide avallablli does not seem to have luch. One of the charts shows for n the time lost in short term sickness, serious slckhi tlonal accidents and Occupational accidents. The relative unimpo vlous. Recent public statmnents by poorly importance of Industrial accidents by 1,000 per b at category is obbave exaggerated the Another chart compares the stable rate of serious sickness among era, with a sharp increase In short term absenteei, Motors factory workbas occurred among these workers* An analysis of this rapidly increasing term absenteeism shows that the workers thasaelvea give personal sickness he reason for non- attendance in about two thirds of all cases, with sickness <<tf^ther members of the family and other personal needs making up the rssainder.^ When this short term personal absence (alleged to be mostly sickness) is analyzed day by day it is found that it is hastily concentrated on Saturdays and Mondays* These days average about twice the lost time rate that is shown on payday each weak. Thus it appears that the type of absenteeism which ie currently most disturbing - that is, short term absenteeiss - is usually attributable to slckaeee which reaches epidemic proportions around the week end*. Another striking fact about personal lost time is that absenteeiss is concentrated song a few workers who compose a chronic fringe haring more than their share of time off* One obvious character istic is the relative youth of the group* A plant physician may be able in an Industrial hygiene Digest - 27 important number of cases to help effect some reorientation of the individual'3 understanding of his job or his hone problems which will enable him to cope better with those temptations which lead to excessive "week end sickness" and related types of absence. 327 Psychosomatic Medicine and the General Practitioner. G.H. Stevenson. Canad. 'dad. Assoc. J49, 488*492 (December, 1943). The author classifies psychic features in disease as follows: (1) delirious states (psychoses) due to toxemias affecting the brain; (2) delirious states due to organic brain disease; (3) delirious states due to constitutional predisposition, acted on adversely by environsMRal stresses, and (4) mental factors com-, plicwiag or in part causing, a&^lpfl^sical disease. Each class is then diV&jM, with mo?t attention gjvmQK} psycho neuroses which cone under the class^Their t^Mtaent cpa^fiCvts essentially of finding and removing thS& al fac`ws/^th;;Jy^$^wra^\)irBatment of physical aspects. PsychothJ^Smy&ually simple a^ggeatlon^.J/rtb^^K. to be well must be developed in pati^^sSflfid must be arouse^^^4MfuO^$loite persuasion, example and oncoi , JF%328 The PPssvycchih&i<a^HV ~Sd (Sept oat Lai Organization. Am. J. The, __ tri stakes been-f ng his part in 28 6-28 7 activities. On the ad- ^eace the pdychiat WP feel ,ue his special contribu tkfe to the current.^*------ te. With a closer grasp of tha factors which infl f the industrial worker, and which have a bearing on his and of solidarity with his fallows, the psychiatrist will his individual patient and a more valu- able adviser to those on to mould the industrial and social organization of the 329 The Care of Non-Occ; 13, 129-130 1944). When wart ons mako it nocehs turn to medical department aenVr \X its Industrial physi cian-patient relationship, be rented to the physician for t time when the physician is not on duty whether treatment is part of industrial medic the physician. McCauslond. Ind. Med. iloyees their families to personal illnesses manage- treat patients on a pri- s of the plant medical ^rvice should be given The question as to t be determined by 330 Health for Your Workers. A Yardstick for MeasuringJ&klth Services in Your Plant. Committee on Industrial Health, Health Advisory Counbil^Chamber of Commerce of the United States. 9 pp. No data. This is an industrial salf-evaluation form for the use ofr^slness concerns that want to detexmins for thmsGives the adequacy of their haiyjp)care, or are plan ning to inaugurate or expand their health programs. It is a questionnaire and is not intended for return. A space for yea; no and remarks is provided for each question considered, for instance, the first point is physician, full time, part tlms, or on call, yos or no for each* Sections A, Personnel and B, Quarters and Equipment, are not scored, but a score is provided in Section C, Health Activities and Services. 331 Precision Necessitates Fitness - A Medical and Surgical Service and a Vision Program. H.G. Gardiner and C.O. Sapplngton. Ind. Mad., 13, 13&-142 (Peb.,1J44,. The evolution of a standard industrial medical and surgical sarvlcs in a modern precision industry is described briefly, supplemented by illustrations of layout, equipment and forma. In this establishment, because of ths nature of the wrk a-n-d t-h--e---n--e--c-e-as--lty foar vis-uavl..f*ltn. e_ aa--, the visual program, deavuetlhoopresd* .wsuitmhimnarav.year, Industrial 5jrgiane Digest - 28 332 An Industrial Medical Department - Qr^ntzatinn and Administration. M.ILManaon. Ind. Med. 12, 846-861 (December, 1943). Information is presented relative to the amount of floor spaea, equipment operating costa for a medical office in a plant employing approximately 1500 workers. The size of the industrial medical staff depends upon several factors, which are described. The phase of administration considered is the matter of selection of the director - whethor he should be a physician or a layman. The relationships of the industrial physician with management, employees, the legal department, the employment and safet^^^parmnents, and organized labor are also expiated. ^ 333 PreCalif.' The e: exaninati Special eye using stan X-ray is test has been tlotf. Due consii dividual, as sell observations are enimera tributes an important the hours of lost 64 (September, 1943). embraces a "strip" physical, in? pelvic females. Smears are taken wh cated. visual acuity, Keystone testing sfcflk^oior testing, ore performed. A routinlnrlgps^late chest other areas where indicatdi. vbvoutlne Kahn blood count is made. Au^Gmnsls is complete for all ordered on fom|U(5^$Klifled end limited am- rejaction, <m2hvconsequent decrease in rejec- fifeq^^reated by employing such an ln Qti^ccupation offers. General clidlcal upon* It is felt that this system con- ; keep workers on the Job and to lessen 334 Records, the "Seeing 1-35 (January, 1944)7 The author discatfwsSftaical records/; tails of tha^Ata^la of use. The genakti in two "make the individual^ not Accuracy and simplicity raver, is in the numerous reprodt almost every industrial medical Pulton. Ind* Med., 13, standpoint and in many deof the records is sumsarized ," and "records to use The chief value of the offf&d&uel forms and rocorda ncy. The Pre-Bnployment Physical Bxantnation. A. State Med. J., 39, 350 (April, 1943). * The plant physician must hs thoroughly familiar wtfhjflA types of work done in the establishment, and with the physical raqulrmeutS^qf-thsse positions. By using a complete form with special attention to those particularly apply ing to a job, it is possible to place employees In work suited to their abilities and to reduce the number of unnecessary rejsetic 336 Pitfalls in Occupational Disease Diagnosis. P.A. Davis. Ohio Stato Med. I., 39, 337-338 (April, 1943). The greatest pitfalls in diagnosis in occupational disease are found when there is absence of knowledge cf the substances in question* In avoiding pitfalls a differential diagnosis must be mads, and all data possible must be obtained to substantiate the diagnosis. Tbs author discusses many of the newly developed hazards, and industrial causes of dermatitis, which is the occupational disease which seems to lead in frequency, especially in war industries* By following a definite procedure, such as the one suggested by the author, hs feels that pit falls in diagnosis may be kept to a minimum* Industrial Sygiens Digest. - 29 337 The Periodic Examination of Workers In Non-Tori a Ch--n <*_ g.m. Woldie. Ind. Med., Lg, 126-128 (Jebruary, 1944). ' Periodic examinations of iwrkers In non-toxic chcmicqls are an important feature of any industrial medical program. The frequency and the procedures of these examinations are not subject to standardization, but the more thorough the examin ation and the less protracted the interval between examinations, the greater the benefit to mployees and oaployer. The fruit of the periodic examination is the use made of its findings. Employees should be advised of the results of the ex amination, and should bo urged to secure medical assistance in the correction or the improvement of physical defects^eEbtployees cannot be permitted by their neglect of their physical deficiendSfc to jeopardize the safety of their fellc TOrjcmn or become hazardous to<dkse^es or to their employers.--Author's The in Illness and Injury of Uncertain (Qc or No: T.J. Nereim. Ind. Med., 13, 130-13] 44). "Wheneve^Ltl ire of doubt as to the source of s /. it is usually c^ occupational in origin," is a princU^e: ted and ra- Iterated eference is made to a class of/ wbo, because of the teen admitted into induet] often come to the medipaUVd^d^lsl^P with .aints that are the of fear, apprehension and of sugge persons must b< zed and treated judicious- group of di i$$$3ding chronic and renal diseases, diabetes. Lclous anemia, trei he industrial physician, though they are not industri seasea require close supervision that the patients may perfo .d not become hazards to thm&eelvea and other workers* The exte; atznent is given depends upon: The location of the plant; thi personnel available; and the assistance of tho practicing phy a. 339 The Periodic Bx 13, 124-126 ( , 1944). The autho: as n nusbar of aspac improvesient in habits co Ta the examiner. The banei ntloned in similar dlscussioi concern for their health, beyond the physician's success* L.B. Clinton. Ind. Med. ng physician's experience, of the eerkors arising from ner himself is a point not attention to sorters and examination, is necessary An Effective Preventive Medical Program at on ad Industrial Plant. E.W. Probet and L.D. Lewis. Ind. Mad., 1, ', 1944). The physiological offsets of specific chemicals on< .Tlduala could not be followed because of rapid personnel transfers and operational changes, Using the Ybulger syst, excessive toxic exposures ten discovered through abnormal scores. These discoveries led to improvmae: ^)the sorting environ- meat and manufacturing methods. Systmaic effects have beez^volded by removing individuals developing abnormal blood pressure scores* - Ambers'* summary. 341 Ths Place of Dentistry In Industrial Hselth Prosrmas. L.D. Seacock. Ind. Med., 12, 672-680 (October, 1943). The realization that non-occupatlonal diseases and illnaasss causa by far the greater percentage of absenteeism, with ths consequent production and economic lose, la resulting in greater attention being paid to thsaa conditions of ths worker's health. Many of tho non-occupatlonal dlseasos and soma of ths acre serious nutritional dsflclenciaa may be recognized by their oral manifestations, and also ths industrial dentist must be qualified to rsoogaize and record^as we lie. treat, mouth lesions resulting from over-exposure to industrial hazards, .ncustrial dental progrmu are discussed and methods suggested for providing dental services. Industrial Rygiene Digest - 30 342 Program for ths Handicapped. R.W. Emmons. Manpower Rev., 13-16 (Jan.,1944). The article relates the accomplishments of tha U.S. Skploymant Service in Ohio in placing handicapped writers. The total number placed in the first 11 months of 1943 was 12,016. Out of the total number of registrants for employment, 12$ of the stales and 3$ of the fstales had some physical impairment. About one- fifth of these were skilled workers. With careful selection of the workers for the jobs, their work has been very generally satisfactory. Their attendance records have been at least as good as those of other workers. A thorough search is being made for possible additio dicapped workers who are not now regis- tered, ^ 343 Material for War-Produced A^^tin (DecenSSpa^ <19' '~ Budd. Domestic Commerce. A briof; 4aptor ci n to the considerable amount of war produced by blind Wagner-O' Day Act directing ffederaZNw^rtmenta to buy cartel of a confix blind. In sewing* a safety/^arCnde from parta chine protacts the operator'sv^a^rrrom contact with the need device can probably ba^Mnded to other machinery. ^ blind wrkers hawSTOnMfed seeing workers* ^rifeasQehaslng1 puKhnes from ^example. A jeranpent cosmitteo is in charge of j-ppft-war cnpiriiyflrai is being studied. * 344 Placinjt the Physically rfrial Banloyment. H.L. Reed. lad. Med.* 13, 120-122 (Feb The study covered 2,690 were hired between March 1 and July 1 at a plant in s labor short amber 291, more than 10$, were pbysi- cally handicapped. Pei workera who were still on ths job at the end of six ut equal to those for tha entire group which indij these Employee t for soma categories, are cap- able of perfoi assigned,/$o\Lthi staying on the job. A discus- sion is givetfrW^>?bbl associated ^eitlu ths yment of the various groups, with the importance of the'^f directors in helping these s nt of Physically Hsndicanned. 'ones Co. Pamphlet, p. (August, 1943). he first section, entitled "Keynotes" gives qibstatipna^ftrpi^ a number of author ities showing the dealrability of hiring physical^dkandiifLpped workers. In a special note for --11 plants, it is pointed out t&Kjrtth the small number of physically handicapped employed at a small plant, th^p$afclam can be bandied sat isfactorily by direct consultation with plant aanagamejjypf$r*men and outside medical adrioe where needed. Familiarity with coding syf^mni will be necessary. Under the heeding "Principles and Mechanics of the Plant ^nra,* the word "placement" is used Instead of employment m connection wit^^nainations, otc. It is not of much assistance to prepare a list at jobs in sdvanes, but each appli cant must be considered on an individual basis. A typical report foxn. is shown as a suggestion for handling clear-cut disability eases. Dstslls of the use of such forms especlslly for ths placement officer, are given. Motes follow on the estimation of physical defects taken individually. In the dlseusslon of "The Insurance Aspect," the employer's fears for responslblity for a second accident, are allayed by showing that in Massachusetts only 7 swards for such cases were mads in one year, and that so higher rats is charged to cover such cases. In conclusion ths desirability of rehabilitation clinics la all industrial centers is urged. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 31 346 Jobs for Handicapped Veterans. Anonymous. Mill 4 Factory. 33, 93-95, 244-246 (October, 1943). Handicapped reterans returning from tie war are being employed by many large Detroit plants, and there is every reason to believe that the number maployed will be aug&ented aa the supply Increases. With few exceptions they are proving to be highly satisfactory employees. Out of their experience they bring to their work an attitude that has a salutary effect on the morale of fellow workers. No special consideration is given these workers - they aro given real jobs and are treated as regular employees. 347 Penicillin and Prop*"11*1"* in iainntion of Hemolytic Streptococci oipwrs. Lancet, 1^ 605 (May 15, 1943). Cli out that the predominant part played lytic' aphylococcus in interfering with ttaNM burns perfect means for preventing and cotiramu5n^ lnfec- tion by Sulfantiamide is not quite tho ideMNaMire for this purpose, led ponicillln in tho form of atf&enfiPto 54 burns and scalds 1a disapped healing. In 41 of the nunde^^9 the streptococci did not reappear. IrfraSttie strains which promptly di4 ' $rin appeared o tha sulfonomidM^sfin were no cases in which effect. Stajriggocpci also disappeared quickly many of the naa raBtdTtaS^no toxic effects were observed, Propamidine was applJ tha/ragm oftak&dk (0.1)1) to 34 similar buna. femo- lytic streptococci disajr] dred wlwCSf^vr^days from 21 of the wounds (62)0 They persisted in. 8 cas nt with pzopsmldine. Of thasa, 3 lost their streptococci prompl re latar troated with penicillin. Sealing was not quite so rapid ifnici^fak. Mo toxic affects ware observed. Ccli- form bacilli, Proteus, PsttuButonas pyocyanea, when present in the wounds, wero appari bj^efvber agent. Conduct of 'Aid Hocm in a Sri@?Pl Sprague. Ind. Med., 13, 30-51 are given as to locatit first aid rooms. Activitlei chad upon. lull sit; \ind stock of medictoes ra id limitations of the nurse fhe Problem of Fractures with Associated K^^inciples of Treatment. D.C. Bodeniiam. Proc. Hoy. Soc. Med., 3,6, 657=161 Oc^bW, 1943T The author presents seme information collected ^theHoysl Air Force for the benefit of shipyards and other Industrie#, where a combination of injuries may easily occur. Cases should be rapidly transpo: vtO a fully equipped bospi- tal. For prevention of infection, sulfonamide (preferably suifathlazole) should be applied with firm pressure bondage. S_>V 350 Burns* C.C. Lund* Rhodo Island Usd* J.r 26, 197-200 (Octn^r, 1943). The author discusses the fundamentals of first all and lati? treatment for bums. Ho recommends a simple bland ointment such as petrolatiai or boric add ointment for first aid, and gives the four essential requirements for treatment as pre vention of pain, prevention of infection, optlaa conditions for rapid healing, and alnlmim disability during and after treatment. A bibliography is included. 351 Adequacy of Industrial Lunch and Use of Brewer1 s Yeast as a Suppliant. C.A. Haller, C.M. McCoy aad-C*B. Lyon. J. Nutzlt., 2, 365-390 (October 11, 1343). The meals served workers in onto cafeteria In the Brooklyn Navy Yard have boea. sampled for the detezmlnatloa of riboflavin, niacin and thlemlne. The noon meal usually furnishes at most only one-fourth of the day's requirements for these Industrial Efrsiene Digest - 32 vitamins* and the morning mad cannot be expected to furnish any more unless eat ing habits are much improved. Dry brewer* 3 yeast has provided a satisfactory method of supplementing the supply of these vitamins, usually incorporated in the food in amounts snail enough 30 that the taste was not detected. The yeast, in addition, affords antother good source of protein. 352 A Practical Program for Htannn Rehabilitation. H.A. Voaachen. lad. Med., 12. 807-310 (December, 1943). The Peoria Plan" for rehabilitaderalLthe civilian and military handicapped wasvdfgenized bythe Caterpillar^Wfetor Co. Aftor its success was assured, ty^aany employers in the area hare org |ally handicapped. Some points of the infected immediately before the disablMkvagsyans reconsista of cooperation bett^&SjMlcal, PerDivisions, and Superrlsors. jj) vESua^ey of jobs .ation of handicapped persons stfuid^ie clarified, could he changed. (6) "Wtf neafewsls" cases.will It is the experlemwo^hs Caterpillar Tractor id absentee refid^^&fas physically handicapped 353 Better Nutrition in PI wfrmc Brtent Can the Industrial Medlfcal Department Contribute. Med., 128-129 (february, 1944). Nuaerous surreys hare s. Parage American working man and woman does not eat adequately. The tiere^that the success or failure of the plant nutrition program, depo: infgfms* shown by the medical department. In the plant with, which, ioxmarajO) the nodical department inspects the cafeteria about 0 :h, whahTsanitS^^sposal of waste is checked, as ara also the propeg^fafofB3 of food and gebaraly^iimnlineaa. Cafoteria employees aro examineteBocW^J year. The menua^afcq inapjSd^ed and nutritious foods are sug gested, irised that some refe: n pre-employment examination forms read to correction of wro e. The physician should .se the program of education stars, bulletins and Effect of Diet on Toxic Agents. 425-426 (December, 1943). The effectire protection against toxic agents by demonstrated for a variety of compounds- In a race: that TNT poisoning Is most severe in rata when the on a carbohydrate diet, while moderate amounts of TOT constituents has been aper it has been shown s high in fat and less e fed with a protein diet without any signs of illness. These results cannot -indirectly related to man, but available reports show less incidence of TOT poiSMj}g in the United States than in Snglasd, and it is suggested that either industrial hygienic condi tions ore better here, or that the diet of Americans is more adequate, or both. 355 Group Feeding in Snell Plants - Observations on Bow and Why. 7.J. Under**:od a ad others. IndT Med.. 13. 160-170 (February. 1944)The wisdom of providing food for employees is generally recognized by industrial management- A plan which could be adapted to the needs of mailer plants is presented, step by step. 1) Provide a dean, cheerful space where employees say oat their lunches, (this space any also be utilized for group nestings, recrea tion, etc.). 2) Where convenient, vending machines nay be used to supplement the worker's lunchhox and to fill the requirements of supplementary feeding periods. 3) Employment of a dietitian or home economist who has specialized in institu tional feeding. 4) The establishment first of e canteen at one end of the lunch Industrial hygiene Digest . 33 roan which, will progressively supplment and replace the worker's lunchboz. This service should grow in response to employes needs and requests, and is more live ly to succeed if dovaloped in this manner. 356 Diabetes and Injury. W.A. Bishop. J.Ind.Hyg.it Tox., 26, 55-60 (7ebruary,1944). Under present conditions serious considerations must be given to the question of employment of diabetics in industry. Diabetics should be employed if they can be properly placed, controlledand supervised. Uncontrolled diabetics are menace to themselves and others. BtSoetes is due to decreased function of the. islands of Longerband. Diabet%^^<ra caused by trnima only when the pane rdr^pidegree, and this occurs very rarelj ed by shock or emotional strain except severe emotional, or psychic shock, (ucyresuna shed from diabetes, and presence of ^d^uss^sugar does Glycosuria may result from head or nCK^Sssurles. In may, by greatly reducing musedA amfr burning power, worse, or assist latent dihettj^<roecome manifest, Infections do not ^medloSetes, but frequently Often the dlseaserisisOge fully controlled to tion, and Infection is controlled, the Satie stata ret user levajhr\m&fa drugs have no deleterious erfect on diabetics al^p^en^4^^^olltro^ infection ss in noi^dia- betlcs. -- Author's sv 357 Electronics in the Study C. Sheer ond J.G. Lynn. Electronics. 17, 112-117, 338-340 (< Psycbophysiologicalj^Mtfc^nn'^iyoU Nprmnising electronic instrument for indirect dlagnosis^rofiNuttln dadthgwHn ct lion casos. Tochnical features in- elude use of SQhrwir amplification. dj rcnntlatlng circuits and trigger cir- cults that^^favMv constant amplitxigpfculi tlae-axls recording of 20 var- iables, ofiS^bers' abstract. let Radiation in the Treatment' as. Ind. Med., 13, 50 (January, ra-violet radiation in the treatment value. Supplementary measures are also out Due to Cutting Oil. is believed to be of nt. Tuberculosis Case finding: Problaas in Industi Miale. Ind. Med., 12, 602-606 (Septambor, 1943}. ~ The Queensboro Tuberculosis and Health Associations'll Department of Health of tbs City of Mew York, and the Queens County Medical in eft attempt to prevent rise of tuberculosis rate in this country, pi tire industriti plants as a tuberculosis csss finding a plan to X-ray enA worker was to 1} act as a promotion agent, contacting management end 2) make all necess ary tochnical arrangements with plant medical deportment and personnel heads as to fhcllitles needed and educational measures of movies, lectures, and litera ture. A portable X-ray unit is used taking 100 to 125 films per hour. All in dividuals whose paper X-ray reveals significant abnormal changes are referred to a consultation chsst clinic. Through a cheat specialist, recswndations are made as to whstbsr or not the individual should be permitted to continue werkiag. The fee for the paper X-ray is one dollar, consultation ssrvles is two dollars, and the entire simi is absorbed by the firm* It is belitved that a similar proce dure can be economically incorporated into an already sound plant medical program, as a means of determining physical disabilities among new and prospective employ ees as well as those already maploysd. Large industries have fowd that the in vestment pays. Loss of tlms due to illness is decreased, and the productiveness Industrial Hygiene Digest - 34 of the employees ts a uait Is increased. A complete program of tuberculosis case finding* end its proper and just disposal between employer and employee, has been carried out in fire plants. 360 Employability of the Tuberculous - A Yardstick for Ju<L?inff Placement and Suoer- Tlslon. W.L. Ritter and I.W. Dugger. Ind. Med., 13, 37-38 (January, 1944). A classification of tuberculous infections is given, which may bo used as a stan dard in placing or rejecting applicants who are tuberculous. Special considera tions are given concerning waployeaa^A work in an area where silica dust is present* Adequate medical superrkc^^m not to be neglected. The^Carklac Under^orty-fity^Sft^^acament m Industry. W.S. ,3a 12 Priest The two 3e most coanonly encountered under cussed, Cases and attaati that workers suffering cardiac la; .more time than the average for are honest dicapped. A change in t workmen's compensation id^eAlfod as a necessary step in o Scare!ub of employers to hire acs/ The writer sums up poseramSknd fees: that placement of coax intelligent, cardiacs in industry is ng and cooperative effort o^#fie4nplayar and itri! ilcian oi and the attending pbysl- clot? social agoncy (he 362 The Significance of Risli N.S. Davis. Ind. Med., 12, 738-39 Hoveaber, 1943). It is 3tated that there is sure to> toxic chemicals in low concen- trations that can be vood pressure* In the author' a opin- ion, this sign is o effactive, and he attempts to jua- tify his stand. oximr \factors w Lood pressure changes similar to those caused by<^Kroawre to chemicals A "blood pressure score" and an "index otrffLrbap&QTj balance" ha' estiaates<rvuS worker's condition. ?ed to give ssmi-qu&ntltati7e jeated at sufficiently fre- quentj^ftSeQals are of great significam ered to be easential if ocpj^mu^iMl diseases are to bo prevented' th and absentee!am are fduced to a minimus* some Visual Problems in Modern Industry. . E.S. s Med. T., 82, 286-289 (October, 1943). Industry now demands an ophthalmologist who on ent a plant Mm-.al f familiar with the different patterns of the work, j spatial relationships, and sots standards for selection and placmaent ees. He must find lines of activity where workman more or less affected biindnees can work efficiently with proper regard, for tbeir safety and fd&^e advantage of the plant. Ha has to study the nature of close work, must oorrec^^efractive condi tions, and must know bow to rehabilitate inefficient workers. He must also con sider glare factors and note whan general conditions cause eye fatigue. Among other conditions the Committee on Industrial Ophthalmology bos agreed on acuity tests for appraising tbs visual skill of usployees as applied to the specific visual demands of each plant. The Conmdttee's survey include# also distance acuity with and without glasses, color discrimination, muscle balance for dis tance and near, stereopsis, and the detejaination of near points for the right and the left aye and for both oyee together. 364 gye Manifestations of Head Iniurios. D.J.Lylf. J.AJi.A. 123.873-79 (Dec.4,1943). The author discusses a numbor of fozss of bead injuries end their effeot un the eye, including concussion, contusion, laceration, expression, end cerebral hem orrhage. Industrial %giene Digest - 39 369 -la gsratoconJunctivltla. A.J. Bedell. N.Y. Stats J. Med., 43. 2049-2054 (November 1, 1943). The author daacribaa the symptoms and course of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis with special aphasia and considaratloa of the corneal infiltrates and changes. Six cases are discussed. The opinion is strongly expressed that this is not an occupational disease, and that it is found in industry only because there one h* togother a large collection of individuals of varied susceptibility. No treat ment has succeeded in preventing the corneal infiltrates. There is as yet no specific cure. During the acute stasfe the patient must be kept from work both for occupational hazards to hiiaselv^Ttpausa of temporarily impaired vision, for^Shzards of exposure of othd^mrnre. The end results may be in evid^ appearance of ^>fro* 5 to 12 daytu; cold compresses and E.C. Bach. Wisconsin Med. J., 1943), Milwaukee area ever a thousand, cas ratocon- t to realize that the source oa In many irst-aid rooms in plants and ices of physi- .ess of this disease was Bpidamlc kera- ,ne eye only. It is char- anal lymph nodes, and sub- ; The incubation period Mild treatment, including i beet results. (References.) 367 getiMwtioa of Percentage 15. 87-90 (October, 1943) Tho author presents msdico-legal cases, can Msdical Assoc 3.A. Carter. J. Acoustical Soc. A., the percentage lose of hearing for by interested sections of ths Amexl- the Four Kaiser Rlch- Urisonfald. Bull., 1, 21-29 (Octo ber covers a period of 13 months. slag burns of the exter- Ltory canal which were treated, 5% condary oxtornal otitis, no permanent disability ensued In any were the subject in 32% of the cases. Middle ear disease foil sudden and intense noise, and exposure to irritant inhalations or of toperature, pres- sure, or humidity. Acouetic trauma if preaent lgnlfleant degree will re suit in occupational deafness. Therapy is not aff vs so long as exposure cen- tinues. Ear plugs are an important measure in prev They eliminate the foreign body and atmospheric concussion hazard and of sound to innocuous levels. An ideal ear plug has excessive intensity been prepared, Tubotynpanic catarrh,,which occurs with moderate frequen a shipyard, may be prevented by avoiding excessive and rapid changes of t ture; pressure, and humidity and by instituting adequate suction ventilation syst which will eliminate irritant inhalations. 36f Women in Industry; A Study of 135 Woman Wbridna as Riveter* in the Aircraft In dustries. W.C. Bradbury and C.B.3. Brans. Calif, fc West. Med,, 59, 119-121 (August, 1943). This is a preliminary report of a study of 135 riveters with pelvic complaints. With the exception of 9 cases, there was definite evidence of previous pelvic pathology before oploymsnt as a riveter. The authors: tellers that a good num ber of manpower hours oaa be conserved by adequate pre-placmoent examination of women workers. This, however, has Its obvious difficulties, though of good scientific merit* Industrial HJrgiene Digest - 36 370 Part-Time Banlovaent of Woman in Wartime.. D.S. Dapt. of Labor, Woman's Bureau, Spacial Bull., No. 13. (Juno, 194371 Part-time carpioyment of unman is raccnmonded as a measure of utilizing tns ser vices of women not available for full-time jobs. It provides on answer to local labor sbortogaa; a means of increasing production without extending the hours of the working weak; a means of meeting essential civilian requirements; and a prac tical method of offsetting absenteeism Working conditions standards must be maintained, and tho wage scale should be comparably maintained. Development of community facilities to meet thasEem* of the employed woman. Including adeqv provision for child care, laundraMg^marketing, shopping, and other house! dttfcUe, la recommended as .an. ianarative necessity. 371 Medical iChn&ge nts of Women in the Explosives VarneyV -124 (February, 1944) Satisfac with women workers is attributed three factors: (1} The and placement of workers tory marking con- ditlons. tate lighting, proper correct seating, adj ____ the worker and a st periods. (3) Adapting f opo' tos Individual. Com] workers ore related to causes, if pos hie careful oo n is gives to these, with ad- e and treatment'.^ r a subJ set of occupational menorr- hagla, which many >e caused by standing at work tor long periods. The eut opi ^tBat these cases usually occur In women who have pre-existing pi or other types of disease. 372 Which Jobs for To: U. 3. Department of Available on requi Si |,sory Standards for the Aircraft Industry. i iu. Pamphlet, 12 pp. (November, 1343). thaf^Burbeu. A general claj Lon of occupations aircraft industry is made, with a dlscussloi suitability fd: s/ Tho obvious determining f ac- laiflcation are phys xrequlrod, exposure to mechanical ichinary and health ha: 4 ?or instance in welding 7 id 9 unsuitable Jobs are gl those factors. Among the ly safe departments are the tool wing, center section, and fuselage assembly, final assemhl packing, electrical 'radio, instrument assembly and upholstery. _ occupations generally unsuitable Include the dope room, draw-bench o _ dlzlflg, heat treat- tag, degreasing, foundry, wood shops (where powwp-'ma'cbinary is used) and flight ramps. There are exceptions to tho general rule^tMnr^mqeeaarrlly every department. For machine shop work, reference is made to No. 7 of fujorn series. Core in the selection of supervisors for young porsons, Inst: ucwSmaf their foremen in the limitations of their work, and the wearing of dlstinc dgee are recommended. 373 Ptqm --. nf Night Work. L. Taleky. Ind. Med., 798-T^ptNbvnber, 1943). - The human body undergoes a 24-hour cycle in many functions, including temperature pulsa, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen and carbon, dioxide exchange> blood picture, and others. Tha tperature cycle is simplest to follow and Is probably indicative of tha complete biological cycle. Host of the paper, deals with the effect of changes in hours of work on tha body temperature cycle, including the authorTs experiments and those reported In tbs literature. In general narking at other periods than normal daytime hours produces an inversion of tha cycle, l.e. a maxima temperature in the early morning instead of lato afternoon. How ever, the normal cycles and changes in cycles very greatly aocordlng to tho in dividual, the nature of the work and other faetors. from the study of tempera ture cyeles and demonstrated affects of night work, the author concludes that: fl) continuous night work is unhealthful and decreases production; (2) shifts Industrial Syglens Digest - 37 atould be rotatad lass frequently thun weakly, at least at four weak intervals; (3) the sight shift should he arranged so that one shift covers tha whole sight period. Further research on the subject is an urgent need. 374 Toxicity at Tarwie Acid: Experimental Investigation. G.R. Cameron, R.P.Milton and J.W. Allen. Lancet. 2, 179 (August 14, 1943). Cameron and his associates report an^perimental investigation into the toxicity of tannic add and the chances d^AtlKusorption from burned areas. Some infoi atlcu^dbout the fate of tannic 9F>fTer it reaches the circulation is givegr?saKo contorted wlthite bohavlassaf gssxio add. Experiments have been cairdmd/hU^ on rahbl^aJj^ulnfiK^^gf)and rots. 250 animals being used in alteOTe^ac add tfferenV firms, but one sample wqajBbPAyBF *or most of fhis sample contained about 20% gallicraM^rThe authors pi evidence that in animals tennis Kbd<m&s injurious effects on Lories and possibly on thd bondnnjjpew. After the in- troducti^ >of tannic add directly ismo tos/hlood stream or largo,, >us tissues, anlmsM\s&ur centrolobular necrosis permeability ^MKage of plasma into the Jeous tissueeP^ej and oceaelomSXjr lungs* and leukocytosis. Pi^tuction of a ro#e^5^ oi add/jS^ggip^lsaues. as by subcutaneous in- J action, lead to contl^updKt _ ounte into the blood and a per- ious intoxication* Tc ice may also ha followed by absorption of tannic add. With lai continuous bathing of tha liver cells with blood containing tt Kilts in image and daatruotion of certain tissues. The injurious )t-Reattributed to gallic sold, which 1* rapidly removed froia. :cn IwKWijLerated In large amounts. Tha authors point out that thj taimjS--add treatment of buns comes from the experiment^ 'Caution must hjs^axer^wd in applying to man without dis- crimination/Aadij^ons reached by t^c%tudy^a^nliBcls. They recognize that the ultlmgt^&hcislon for or against ^Mjfoann&iSjftd method must come from human expegfcmg^ and they note that avidenei^>d?dreaOT^ccumulating which suggests ths^Sud^Por critical revision of this trm&antr'''^ Disease___E_d__u_c_a_t_i_o_n__i_n___Ia__d_u_sttriy. ^adas .Z.H. Clevoland. Canadian Pub. Health J., $3, 494-50l"Tifovambe}i^)<i943) 2 By sponsoring an Industrial Hadth Woak, the Vanearer tet&Lar Board of Trade iii tributed over half a million pioces of litoretur4c3^ had 190,OOP mployed per sons receive booklets relative to venereal dlseaseTlJy the well planned program of educating industrial groups through public endormmg&ts, newspaper comments, posters, and publicity* it is hoped that some lasting urasaoms and beneficial effects have coma about. <n(D) 376 Bnoraencr Sanitation Standards. O'.S. Public Bsalt^^ervlce. Pub. Health Rents.. 39.. 1793-1823' (December 10. 1943). These standards constltuta tha third edition of tha Sanitation Coda for State or Local Adoption* The use of the word mergenoy lb tha present code takes account of the fact that under war conditions.tha beat material may not ha obtainable. Tha Standards deal with all phases of public sanitation, including as the main handings^ water supplies; sewage and industrial wastes and excrota disposal; milk and milk products; frozen deeserte; eating and drinking establishments; swimming and bathing plaoes, refuse, garbage, rubbish end ashes; sanitation of habltable buildings; tourist and other camps* rnner (March, 1944} Absentee! 329-329-326 >ng women workers 3B2 statistics 324 Ac*tie anhydride limits of flaamability 307 Air analysis 294 acrylonitrile 298 carbon disulfide 299 cyanides ^ 293 Air dial aerosol: Amlaothiazi toxicity Dermatitis 249 cosmetics 247 from tsar gas 244 humoral transmisslon248 oils 246 prevention 250 ultra-violet treatment 356 Diabetes andi Jury 356 lead oolaonlne at blast furnaces 311 in ship repair 265 treatment Light affacta 266 heat 8 tumidity 260 Magnesium dust control fire extinguishers Modical control . occupational dlsaaj prevention Medical settle Ammonia polso experimental AnhytiT-rma hydro acid nation of 297 Aathracoai in surgical dressing manufacture 310 Metal powders flamabillty and am* plosibility 242 Bagasae dust pneimoconlosls from 284 Benzene and lta boaolosuea toxicity 281 Blood nressura /^v index of exposure w t foxj^pgnoaia friwtd* 273 Methyl chloride substitute for freos274 Mine fan signals 308 Minors la aircraft Indus try. suitable Jobs 372 Book reviews and mat 233-234-235 Brucellosi Bums comml^eLtbd by frac- 349 illin and propa midine 347 skin 350 Butadiene safe practices 319 Cadmium poisoning 268 Carbon disulphide Literature since 1998 280 Carbon monoxide domeatlc appliances 261 Carbon tetrachloride . poisoning epidemic 270 renew of Uterature268 Ceramic industry dust control 318 Chloro-waxea synthetic . 314 Dentistry in industry 341 induatri shipyard 'eijHiria loss Nitrate explosives determination of Mbiaa 295 measurement control 309 Heart disease industrial ~~ job placement airplane motor test- Heat exposure 254 weight loss Hours of labor end tozle egents 354 health aspects 373 cJ? industrial plan 353 Hydrocarbons, chlorinated v-'C^mall plants 355 toxicity 283 tionsl diseasa Industrial health nrosrsmi lain 336 evaluation 390 r study 319 isrIndustrial hygiene education Industrial madldne i Swsdsn OjhthaLsgiofXl In industry 320 363 medical records 334 Partida six# maasurwnonts Keratoconjunctivitis 365-366 Lssd alloys, toxicity 267 chromate.toxicity 266 hazards, in soldering oparatione 268 301 the fllargraph 300 Pajoh^aatin limitations 249 Peutic ulotrs and external traima 243 Patrolaus solvents (Over) occup-dis. esses 277 Index - 2 Physical TwiMtloni technique 337-339 Physician's responsibility 338 Pneumoconiosis in coal mines 285 Pneunonia shipbuilding industry 252 Poison lry preventives^^ 2%//^ Pre-amployment^iwinQ^-^ tiona ^53^335 Psychiatry in industry Psychosomatic medi 327 Radium eman Rehablli Safety lamps in mines 304 Sanitation standards 376 Sowagc plants gas hazards 236 Silicosis radiologic classifica tion > 287 >Chdtslg3aundi ce 257 Tuberculosis case finding in indus try 359 employment factor 360 industrial North Carolina 253 Venereal diseases 375 Ventilation7* ~ in wqr factories 31 < Vitamins medical Weldi___ 238 tlon of 239 ,trol of 302 health hazards 240-241