Document 2NRQzw9yz4DbqRVg0zrVXOjab

PLAINTIFFS j EXHIBIT I BAR-257 August 17,1994 James W. Hammond 1010 Townplace Houston, Texas 77057 Mr. Hans Siegel Health Services Department Industrial Hygiene Exxon Company, U.S.A. Kellogg Tower, Suite 550 Houston, Texas 77002 Dear Mr. Siegel: In response to your inquiry, I have set out below my background and experiences before I came to Exxon, the industrial hygiene program I found in place upon my arrival, the engineering controls and technology we used to safeguard workers from dust exposures in the field, the medical surveillance we implemented to double check the effectiveness of our controls, and the interrelation of the medical, industrial hygiene, and safety aspects of protecting workers' occupational health. I have also described our relationship with contractors who also worked on our property, and I explain how the association of mesothelioma with asbestos exposure changed our view of asbestos hazards, while the advent of OSHA regulation in the early 1970's brought few changes to our state-of-the-art program which had been in place for decades. My educational background primarily consists of basic and applied science: after taking bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics and chemical engineering from Mississippi State University in 1935, I took a masters of science degree in biological chemistry and toxicology from Louisiana State University with a scholarship. I worked more than four years for the Chemical Engineering Division of the University of Tennessee, left that job in 1941, and joined the Industrial Hygiene Division of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) with the rank of Captain. Then through the USPHS, 1 was assigned to the Massachusetts Division of Occupational Diseases, which was a part of the Department of Labor in Massachusetts and Boston, where I was able to augment my industrial hygiene studies at Harvard. I left Massachusetts in 1942 and was assigned to South Carolina,-with the title of Chief Industrial Hygienist for South Carolina's Department of Health, in 1947, l became a member of Exxon Medical Division. CO0036 Now I am retired from the School of Public Health, University of Texas in the Medical Center here in Houston. I was an Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene in that institution for about nine years. But for most of my career (from 1947 to 1978) I was an industrial hygienist and sanitary engineer for Exxon (or its predecessor companies, including Humble, Esso, and Enj'ay). I hired on as Industrial Hygienist, and was elevated up to Chief Industrial Hygienist and then became Director of Industrial Hygiene for what would later become Exxon Company, U.S.A. While these promotions affected my salary and title, my professional duties and the goal of a healthful work environment for workers never varied during my 31 years with the Company. In the first third of this century the control measures with regard to hazardous dusts were that of isolation of the exposure to the material, exhausting the dust away from the breathing atmosphere, capturing the dust by filtration or removal, by wetting the dust-generating material so that the dust wouldn't be generated, housekeeping or housecleaning by using the vacuum hoses or vacuum cleaners, and educating the employees in methods for producing the least amount of dust in their work. I believe that there are many different procedures, and they were all being used in some degree by 1940 in Humble and Esso generally. In Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (Esso), the Chief of Safety Inspectors, named Mr. Roy S. Bonsib, had developed a particular interest in dust and dustproducing operations from his earlier work with mines; even later in his career he was appointed to some hazardous dust-related committees of the American Petroleum Institute. As early as the mid-1930's he was interested enough in the matter of dust exposure that he got Esso and Affiliates to approve his making measurements of the particular dust-producing operations in Esso refineries and chemical plants. He went into many of the areas where dust could be generated and made observations. Then he made quantitative measurements of the amount of dust that was being produced, and under what conditions they were being produced. And after taking these measurements during 1936, he published his findings and recommendations in July, 1937 as "Dust-Producing Operations in the Production of Petroleum Products and Associated Activities", a Medico-Safety survey by Roy S. Bonsib, M.A., E.M., Chief Safety Inspector of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. His publication was made available to the petroleum industry world-wide, public libraries, The National Safety Council, schools and foundations. The first paragraph of Bonsib's book suggests that it is among the first, if not the first, such survey of dust hazards in refineries setting: "Because it is the duty of industry to protect its employees and because no comprehensive survey of the hazards incident to occupational dust problems had yet been made, it was felt that here was an opportunity to render a service to the petroleum industry and its employees by making such a survey." c;usniflaWawfcwrwofd/Wflei/hammortd4-2- CC^G37 Bonsib's findings and recommendations were made public to the industry and anyone who was interested; in fact, I saw this publication in the medical department library ten years after it was initially published, and when I asked Mr. N. V. Hendricks, who was the Chief Industrial Hygienist for the Standard Oil Company at that time, to send me a copy, he sent me the copy I still have to this day, my original copy with the buckslip on it It met fully the "state of the art" for good industrial health practices for 1937-1947. This publication describes safety measures Esso Oil employed at the time, and it also sets out guidelines and standards for safe handling of asbestos materials, based on all available technology and information at the time. So for instance, he describes designing the plant for dust control, providing proper building ventilation, storing potentially dusty materials in dust-tight bins, enclosing material handling equipment, isolating the dusty processes. Furthermore, not have men in the area who were not necessary for that operation, providing wet methods of operation, designing equipment to control dust, providing exhaust systems, establishing maintenance and good housekeeping procedures, and, where these measures are inadequate, providing respirators and other personal protective measures. They included periodic clinical medical examinations, x-ray of chest annually or more often. Before my arrival at Humble in 1947, industrial hygiene matters had been dealt with in the Company under the umbrella of a safety engineer with the title of Industrial Safety Director for the refinery. Also, during that time the Texas Department of Health made inspections in the Humble plant from time to time at our request. The best knowledge available at that time concerning unsafe levels of exposure to hazardous dusts was published by the United States Public Health Service in collaboration with the investigating committee for the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. The American Conference of Government Hygienists is a group that is still looked to in setting M.A.C.S or T.LV.s or T.W.A.S. With regard to potential exposures to dust containing asbestos fibers, the standard recommended by these bodies was to keep prolonged occupational exposures to dust containing asbestos below a concentration of 5 million particles per cubic foot. This standard and standards for other toxic substances were published mainly, I think, in the journals of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, engineering support groups, and medical societies. It was a very practical standard. These standards were adopted by West Germany, Japan, France and England. They looked to the A.C.G.I.H. for that guidance. The standards were also reported in publication of U. S. Department of Labor, USPHS report, state's labor and health standards. When I joined the Company in 1947, there was a well-established program for hazardous dust control ongoing for at least 10 years based upon the program outlined by Bonsib. I did not have to be day-to-day involved with evaluating the problem c:^38 because of the nature of the program that was already well established and In place in the safety engineering support team, and medical departments. That was fortunate for me because in addition to asbestos exposures I had over 300 potentially hazardous substances to be concerned about in my work throughout the company's operations. Part of our ongoing industrial hygiene program involved routine air sampling and dust monitoring and special situation monitoring, if some problem appeared or there appeared to be a problem, we would investigate it And if I had a peculiar problem, for example at the Baytown, Texas Refinery, I could request the assistance of the Texas Department of Health, if it was an issue that they could serve better than I, and they would come take a survey at my request And I had no hesitation about contacting the State for assistance, because we had no secrets where health hazards were concerned. Shortly after I reported to work I went to my director and asked him about the question of how much information I would be privileged to present or to give in public papers and other appearances. And we went to the Board of Directors of Humble Oil and Refining Company at that time, and they gave us the policy that there are no secrets in regard to any health or safety matters that I might know or discover that would not be made available to everyone, including our competition. In 1947, Humble was already well established with the program and knew, based on repeated routine sampling, what the potential levels of dust were in the areas where we could not completely control the dust and all workers would have to use respirators. So we had the knowledge to require workers to wear respirators when there was any potential exposures, and the safety inspectors on the job daily, who would be observing, would make sure they did. The routine air sampling during that 10-year period between 1937 (Bonsib's report) and 1947 (my arrival) was accomplished with a device called a midget impinger, which had been developed and was being developed and mentioned in the report by Bonsib, and that became available about 1937 or 1938. It was a hand-operated little aluminum pump that didn't have any static electricity sparks to it; and it operated at one-tenth of a cubic foot per minute rather than one cubic foot per minute. And it was operated like an organ grinder and you wore it around your neck and you turned it and you collect your sample in that manner by either having the employee wear the filter up on his lapel or you held it close to his nose, or breathing level. This monitoring allowed you to evaluate the workers potential exposure and take any precautions that would be necessary, whether it be wet methods of operation or some other procedure, you would also make sure that these people were supervised to stay in line with what practices you recommended. And our safety inspectors did that. They patrolled all units and work areas daily. C We took the attitude that if there was a substantial chance of a hazardous dust potential, then we would not wait until they got above 5 million particles per cubic foot or even 1 million particles before we would require "dust control measures and" respiratory protection. This was on a case by case basis, based on the judgment of the industrial hygienist and the safety people. For example, we had not been requiring men who handled asbestos insulation packages in the warehouse to wear respirators and respiratory protection unless there were broken sacks because many times those sacks came in on pallets and we removed them out of the boxcars into the room and they never were disturbed and that required nothing more than just care to make sure they didn't break them. But if they broke them, they had to wear respirators because there was no way totake care or clean up that spill without potential dust exposure. When making mortar, it was a general practice to prevent any dust by injecting water into the sack and wetting it before you opened it then when you dumped it out into the pan or whatever mixture pot you were making up the mortar in it was already wet and generated no dust. In the early years of my employment with the company, many times we took men right out of the labor pool and made insulators out of them by training them, and part of their training was the safety aspect of it, including the proper use of respirators. In 1947 the respirator program was very organized. It meant that when you were assigned to a position or a job that you may need a respirator, you were supplied a new one in a box; and then, when you used that respirator on the job, - and the safety inspectors made sure you did use it when you should - then you were to put it in the rack, which was picked up daily, returned to the respiratory protection warehouse, and the respirator then was washed, sterilized, dried, and examined for any misfit or any broken parts and a change of filters. We had a respirator warehouse where all the respirators were brought after they had been used. We issued new ones or reissued only those that had been cleaned. We only used a type that had been approved by the Bureau of Mines tests. After using a respirator, the workers turned in the used respirators daily at the end of their shift or at the end of the work where they had to use them. These respirators were then cleaned, including washing and sterilizing and then dried; and they were examined for any breakage or any need of repair. They were repaired by the operator of the warehouse respiratory section and placed back in the box or placed in the package that would go back to that particular individual's unit. So, the next shift that you came out, there would be a clean sterilized respirator as might be needed for you wherever your work station was. When we had a potentially continuous exposure, we would swap out employees, since we could not expect them to wear a respirator for hours on end, and we could not let them have any unprotected potential exposures. CC^040 Before I came, the technical support group for the Baytown Refinery had purchased sampling equipment such as the midget impinger and laboratory counting operations. They made basic tests throughout the Refinery to find out what the levels were. Moreover, they had gone outside the Refinery fences and studied the air pollution concentrations outside. We did monitor the air as often as needed to determine if there was exposure at a point we had enough confidence in our results from past experience with certain activities, materials, sites, and work conditions that we were able to anticipate the potential for exposures. In some cases, it was sufficient to periodically monitor to review and confirm our prior experience and findings. To clean up a spill wherein we had a broken sack of asbestos, we put respirators on the men. Temporarily in cleaning it up we may have had more than the 5 million particles per cubic foot. But this was not of concern to us because the men cleaning up the spill were protected. In work, practices, we always lowered asbestos exposures to the lowest value that we could, iu it was in a temporary operation, then we would put respirators on the workers so they would not be exposed to any dust. The safety inspectors would know when a particular job was going to potentially expose the men, based on past experience, they had the men wear respirators. The men were under constant supervision of the safety inspectors who enforced the use of protective equipment. In 1930-1940, when we did our dust counts, we were counting the total number of particles that you could see with the microscope of about 450 magnification. Generally, most of the particles we counted were non-asbestos particles. Mr. Bonsib's counts in the 1930's were similar in that they were done for the total amount of dust particles collected -he did not differentiate between asbestos and other particles. And since the maximum allowable concentration values that the A.C.G.I.H. published in 1947 spoke to the particles of asbestos per cubic foot of air, at Exxon we were stricter than that standard. Also, we did not use any of the disposable paper-type masks: We used a Comfo M.S.A., filter mask approved by U. S. Bureau of Mines standard. It is also important to note that we never permitted asbestos dust to create visible concentration in the air. We put respirators on workers before they entered that level. Whenever that possibility could occur, we had respirators on the workers. CC^04i I had dealings and conversations with them weekly actually going through the plants themselves. Sometimes we had occasion to be concerned about some operation. For example, if they were bringing in new materials that they had not used before or if they were taking down some particular unit that had not been previously disassembled, industrial hygiene had input into the materials to be used and health protection required. We had the experience of finding that workers will comply fully with our insistence on using respirators if we first showed them that we did everything reasonable--such as wet methods--to control the dust before we required a respirator. But where they dicT need respirators, then they were convinced that we had done our job and they needed to cooperate and they were required to do so. We furnished only the most comfortable approved type of protection. Education of employees began with employees being introduced into operations where asbestos might be. They were educated or were trained in the precautions that were required to work with these materials. The Safety Department made sure that the equipment that might be needed in the way of personal protective equipment was in stock. The operating supervisor understood how to go about controlling the dust from a practical standpoint on the job. And they would strictly enforce those procedures for all employees. And the old employees were already indoctrinated, and they felt a sense of responsibility to the new ones and made sure that they continued to practice all of those features of the program. And they were supervised by the safety inspectors who patrolled constantly and observed and enforced these safety regulations. Jobs could be stopped immediately if not in line with our safety guidelines. Equally important to our engineering of dust controls was our medical surveillance program with regard to asbestos. Medical monitoring through examinations of employees began before I came to Exxon. New employees as well" as those that may be old employees new to a craft involving asbestos were given a thorough physical examination, a clinical examination to make sure they were in good condition so far as it might relate to any occupational disease brought on by dusty conditions or by asbestos, even in 1947 the Humble medical program included preemployment physicals for the employees; because to apply it to industrial hygiene you would be concerned that you did not let the susceptible employee go to work at the wrong location and be exposed to the wrong materials. Medical exams included a chest x-ray which was read carefully by a radiologist; and this became part of the permanent record of every employee. Annually or more frequently they were re-examined, including x-rays, to maintain the surveillance of the employee's good health and lung condition. I saw it 10 years after Mr. Bonsib had recommended it that the x-rays were still being taken at least annually for all of the insulators or other employees who had C0042 potentially dusty exposures and they were being read by a trained radiologist We had Dr. David Earle, a radiologist, a specialist who also taught this science at Baylor School of Medicine. And he was a consultant and a specialist who read for us on a weekly basis. All x-rays which had been collected at any of the facilities of Humble were read by him and reported back to us. It was the way that gave us a double insurance that we did have the program in hand. So, for example, I had several conferences a week with Dr. R. W. Pipkin, who was the refinery chief physician at Baytown Refinery during much of my career with the Company. He informed me of any suspicious findings in the clinical examinations or x-ray examinations for any of our employees that might be associated to occupational exposures. In this connection, l recall that Dr. Kenneth Lynch, whom I had known in South Carolina (1942-1946) before I joined the Company, had autopsied the asbestosis victims cases that had come from the textile mill there in Charleston. He had spoken on that matter; and his associate Dr. Henry Zerbst told me that Dr. Lynch said that he had never seen a case of cancer in these lungs unless the cancer was superimposed on top of the asbestosis. His message was that if you control asbestosis then you will have controlled the cancer problem. Our x-ray program insured that we would be able to detect any asbestos-related changes in workers' lungs. Also, it continued to be the policy through my tenure at Exxon to pursue follow up studies, medical studies, on people who have retired from the refinery. Every retiree was followed through until a death certificate is accepted and read. This helped us determine whether we were safeguarding our workers from occupational health hazards. There was a general safety manual approved by the Director of Safety given to every employee every year or as frequently as it was re-issued. Although I did not take a direct responsibility for writing the safety manual, it reflected the programs that I had implemented, and the Safety Director, who was aware of that, had conferences with me regarding what we were doing. The safety manual had a section on dust control that would include the nuisance dusts as well as the toxic dusts, treated under one section, together with a section on the use of respiratory protective equipment. The manuals were distributed widely and to any who asked for it. Normally, an employee for a certain unit or craft would be trained specifically for that operation. All of the potential occupational problems associated with that operation are explained fully. In this way, workers could focus on the potential health concerns in the area and materials they were actively working with. The Company had safety meetings periodically for all its employees at its Refineries, conducted by the Safety Departments, and covering all problems 043 associated with safety and related health issues. These meetings were typically general in nature, for example, dust disease prevention per se probably would not have come up as such, unless a question was raised. I myself spoke at some of these safety meetings on specific occupational health hazards. We considered the medical program including industrial hygiene as one. But we have the safety department, and they basically are very strong in the employee relations training field. It was a joint responsibility between the medical department, including industrial hygiene, and the safety department, but ultimately safety was responsible for enforcing safety standards and rules in the plants. The safety inspectors stayed out in the field, were on the job where every unit was, whether it was the cracking coils or cat crackers or the light ends. There was a safety inspector assigned to that area and he patrolled his units throughout the day. The Company safety manuals were not provided to each of the employees of contractors who worked in the Baytown refinery, but were provided to the supervisors of the contract workers. They were available to the individual if he wanted one, but we seldom required that they study it. The safety manual was not provided to the contractors just as an attachment to the contract documents and the specifications. It was a separate action of giving it to them before they began work for us by the Operating Manager or his representative of the safety department in the refinery, gas plant or chemical unit The Humble company had its own employees as insulators , and did turnarounds generally with its own employees. Brown & Root was the largest contractor firm we dealt with, and often they would furnish the extra help as we might need it for a particular type job. But insofar as pipe cleanup and things of that nature, that was that primarily done by Exxon workers and very seldom did we need any extra help. In every case our contractors, Brown & Root and other contractors, were required to follow the same guidelines as employees, to follow the same rules as our employees in every regard as far as protection from any exposure to asbestos or other hazardous materials. Brown & Root, for instance, had a very active safety department when I came to Exxon, and later they employed a staff of industrial hygienists. But these specialist seldom visit our operations because they respected our health and safety programs for being superior. Before they began to work, we drew it to the attention of the contractors that they would be required to maintain and to comply with all of our safety and health regulations in doing the work. And then, we also took on the supervisors as a group - if there were more than one - and taught him or them the principles that we expected to have enforced among employees that he might have under his command. c.u**riAaviav^MWTward/1(U(/haifunO(id4<9> C0o044 For example, we required that they also wear the equivalent type of approved respirator wherever our people were wearing respirators or needed to wear respirators or we thought that they might need to wear respirators. They were required to have those; if they didn't have them, we would in a neighborly way lend them the respirators to do the job if it was short term. If they were going to be rather permanently contracted by us in that type operation, we expected them and required them to furnish their own personal protective equipment These same supervisors were watched by our safety inspectors; and if they were not keeping in line or keeping up with our requirements, they were informed immediately, even to have them stop work and get adjusted to the right practices or the right equipment that they would need to do the work. Safety inspectors had the authority to dose down the job or have the contractors removed from the job. As a result of all the above, during my 31 years with Exxon the contractors' supervisors who worked in our facilities were educated by our safety personnel of the hazards associated with the jobs they were going to be doing, including any potential exposures to asbestos dust, where that might have occurred. So, for example, to the extent that the job might involve tearing off asbestos insulation, our safety people routinely would advise them of the hazards that would be associated with that and what they needed to do about it They would make no exception regardless of what job they were going to do. They'd tell them about all of the problems that were associated with any job they were going to do. About 1962 we were aware that down in South Africa they had discovered mesothelioma among the asbestos workers. Then we had no mesothelioma. We-had never had any cases of mesothelioma. That was because the mesothelioma was being generated or produced by a the mineral crocidolite. Crocidolite is only produced in countries like South Africa, and those are the only ones that had any mesothelioma. We knew that the chrysotile which was 95 percent of the products that the Americans were using, came out of Canada; and there was no evidence of any mesothelioma among their employees or workers even after they knew about the South Africans. They reviewed that. They didn't find any. So, we knew we had some time lapse; but we also did not know how we were going to keep this crocidolite out of our products completely and guarantee it unless we eliminated all of the asbestos. We decided that if that was a potential mesothelioma problem and mesothelioma was being brought about by unknown quantities of asbestos, we did not have a practical goal to shoot for except zero. This concerned me because of my insistence that I did not want anyone working with any of the products that I would not feel completely safe working with over a 40-year career. Cu After we were alerted to the theory that mesothelioma may not be associated with any levels of exposure, such as asbestosis would be, we decided that we would start research to develop suitable insulating materials that would permit us to use materials other than asbestos, and we started active research by 1967 with the idea that we would like to get rid of asbestos where and when we could. It took several years to develop that because you have very high temperatures in some refineries where the lines are really red hot; and not many materials will withstand that type of heat over a long period of time. The asbestos was perfect in that respect, and it was a binding agent that was used with magnesium oxide, as you know. About 85 percent was magnesium oxide, which had 15 percent of binder which was asbestos fiber. I did not believe in 1967 when we began an aggressive search for asbestos-free insulation products that we were putting or allowing carcinogenic fibers to be in the air where the workmen could breathe an abnormal danger to themselves. Nevertheless, through an abundance of caution we tightened up on our safe respiratory program. But, based on new information, by 1967 we started buying asbestos-free insulation as soon as we could find the materia! that was available to meet our requirements, and we would substitute it for old product as it was changed out. Our efforts were put in place at Benicia, particularly, where we constructed a new refinery that used a substitute for asbestos insulation suitable for piping less than 450 degrees. I recall that by at least some time in 1968 we had changed our company-wide specifications in line with the earlier decision to seek substitutes for asbestos. Before about 1967, we had made no concentrated effort to find asbestos substitutes because we thought we could control asbestos exposures, and our experience was suggesting that we could. The routine medical physical examinations and x-ray examinations made it pos sible for me to feel as confident as possible that we really didn't need to change our program, that what we were doing was the right thing to do, and we were doing it adequately. We had no indication of anybody getting exposed to any amount of dust; and therefore, we knew that the program was being carried out as it should be. And that was a reassuring fact. I directed a survey that began back in 1919 and ran all the way through into the early 60's, over 40 years, in which we found that when you worked in our refinery you would have less -- 50 percent -- of the number of cancer of the lungs than you would expect from the normal population or from other workers that were not working in the refinery like salesmen and clerk workers. They had twice as many lung cancers as the refinery workers. C v> y046 All this time we also continuously looked to see if the medical surveillance program showed evidence of anyone having not been protected or somehow overlooked for an exposure, knowing that all the way from six months or a year would be the longest he would be exposed to hazardous dust before we caught it In this connection I frequently consulted with our physicians, the internists, that were examining workers, and also with Dr. Earle, radiologist, periodically about these findings. They never found any evidence of exposure to asbestos or other dusts, and never reported to me any findings of pleural plaques or pleural calcification or pleural thickening which are possibly indication to lung contamination. I should additionally note that we implemented the program described above in the Company's maritime operations. I have ridden on our tankers and barges myself, and in later years my assistants continued to do so, to monitor the potential for shipboard exposures to asbestos and other hazards. Our maritime workers, like our refinery and chemical plant workers, were given physicals at least annually, monitored closely for potential exposures, and regularly trained in safety meetings. In fact,.l aui very pleased to relate to you that as of 1978 when I retired, to my knowledge, Exxon had not noted any cases of asbestosis in its present work force or in the people who had retired from the company. We had for long periods 200 or more Exxon insulators at Baytown. In 1972 the Humble company published safety regulations entitled "Handling Asbestos Guidelines." Although I had no part in the actual writing of those guidelines, they incorporated principles we had practiced. Later that year in September I did write a more lengthy document that went into much more detail about asbestos handling guidelines. Again in October of 1974 another asbestos control program was issued as a continuation of our educational program, and it was widely distributed to make sure everybody in the company was complying with OSHA's regulations. There were certain requirements concerning the furnishing of workclothes, the wording of signs and warnings, and so on that we were checking our compliance with. In that period of 1970-1975, not all of the facilities adopted all the new standards the same week, but they did over a period of time; while some of the more stringent requirements of OSHA were less strict than practices we had implemented for decades. All in all, OSHA had little more than a technical impact and an extra layer of authority over the programs of control and monitoring that we had been maintaining and improving upon since the 1930's. You will find, in fact, that Roy S. Bonsib's program from 1937 is one of the primary resource documents referenced by NIOSH, precisely because the program he outlined is based on good industrial hygiene practices and is still valid today, with allowance for improvements in technology and some advances in medical knowledge. c^js*rafowta*feflnwortiAtrrrtiammond4*12* C v. o047 I hope the above is useful to you in your accumulation of information on our past practices and programs concerning asbestos. Please let me know if I can provide you any additional information or elaborate upon anything discussed above. Yours truly, `ammond c;uMrsAawtaMimword/tB*r/hammoAd4<t^ Co CURRICULUM VITAE NAME James W. Hammond, B.S., Ch.E., M.S., P.E. BORN February 2, 1913 Winona, Mississippi POSITION Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene (Retired) University of Texas School of Public Health EDUCATION AND TRAINING Mississippi State University, 1930-1935, B.S. Louisiana State University, 1935-1937, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Industrial Chemistry, 1941-1942 University of South Carolina, Post Graduate Work in Chemical Engineer ing, 1945-1947 Rice, Post Graduate Work in Chemical Engineering, 1948-1949 Mississippi State University, 1952, Ch.E. Certified American Academy Sanitary Engineers Diplomate of American Academy of Environmental Engineers Certified in Comprehensive Practice of Industrial Hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene Certified in Coal Mining Noise Survey and Control Techniques by the U.S. Bureau of Mines Certified Safety Professionals of the Americas Registered Professional Engineers of Texas EXPERIENCE 1936-1940 University of Tennessee, Chemical Environmental Engineering Research 1940-1942 Industrial Hygiene Engineering USPHS Division of Occupational Diseases, Massachusetts 1942-1946 USPHS and Chemical Industrial Health Engineer, Department of Health, South Carolina 19471947-1959 Associate Director, Division of Occupation Health, Georgia State Department of Health Industrial Hygienist and Sanitary Engineer, Humble Oil CC l EXPERIENCE: (continued) 1959- Chief Industrial Hygienist, Headquarters, Humblq Oil 1961- Director of Industrial Hygiene, Humble Oil 1965-1978 Director of Industrial Hygiene, Exxon Company, U.S.A. PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS American Industrial Hygiene Association: Board of Directors, 1951-1954; Chairman, Local Sections Committee, 1953-1955; Awards Committee, 1953-1955 General Conference Chairman, 1965 American Academy of Industrial Hygiene, President, 1976-1977 American Board of Industrial Hygiene, Director, 1969-1974 Industrial Hygiene Roundtable British Occupational Hygiene Society, 1960-1978 Gulf Coast Section, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Past President Air Pollution Control Association, 1952-1966 Texas Public Health Association, 1947-1955 American Petroleum Institute, Committee on Medicine a-nd Environmental Health, Industrial Hygiene Committee, Past Chairman (Recipient of API Certificate of Appreciation, 1967) Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Labels and Precautionary Information Committee, and Occupational Health Committee American Water Works Association, 1948-1975 Texas Safety Association, Executive Committee, 1975-1977 Representative of U.S. Department of Labor in Industrial Hygiene Seminar at 1970 Bucharest International Fair, Romania AWARDS AND HONORS Gulf Coast Section A.I.H.A. established James W. Hammond Award to Outstanding graduate of both Texas A&M University-and U.T. School of Public Health in Field of Occupational Hygiene. Selected to receive the 1982 Henry F. Smyth Award from the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene c:jo30 AWARDS AND HONORS (continued) TLV Committee, A.C.G.I.H., Chairman of Subcommittee on Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Hydrocarbons Director, Hygienic Guides Committee, 1965-1966 Past Director, Houston Poison Control Center "Who's Who In Engineering" Honorary Membership for Life, American Industrial Hygiene Association TEACHING EXPERIENCE Assistant Professor Industrial Hygiene, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1947-48 Instructor, University of Texas, Post Graduate School of Medicine, 1948-1960 Assistant Professor of Industrial Hygiene, Continuing Education, Short Schools, University of Oklahoma, 1960-1974 Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Hygiene, The School of Public Health, 1967-1978 Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Hygiene, Wichita State University, 1974-1977 Other Appointments: Houston Board of Health, 1954-1964 San Jacinto Lung Association Air Conservation Committee, 1967-1977 Occupational Health Committee, 1982 PUBLICATIONS J.W. Hammond with W.H. Maclntire et al.: Development of P205 Insolubility in Phosphatic Mixtures: The Formation of Fiuorapatite As Its Cause, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 29:758-766, July 1937. J.W. Hammond and E.A. Fieger: Petrographic Analysis of Soil Fractions, Soil Science, Vol. 48, January 1938. J.W. Hammond and W. H. Maclntire: Removal of Fluorides From Natural Waters by Calcium Phosphates, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 30:160-162, February 1938. Note! U.S. Patent 2126793 granted on this work J.W. Hammond and W.H. Maclntire: Use of Peroxides of Calcium and Magnesium in Determination of Fluorine Content of Soils, Siliceous Materials, and Organics, Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, XXII.-231-236, May 1939. TToD 5l 3 J.W. Hammond and W.H. Maclntire: Thorium Nitrate Titration of Micro Quantities of Fluorine in Aqueous and Alcoholic Systems, Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, XXII1:399-4(55^ May 1940. J.W. Hammond, W.H. Maclntire, L.J. Hardin, and S.H. Winterberg: Nature and Liming Value of Quenched Calcium Silicate Slag, Soil Science. 50:219-232, September 1940. J.W. Hammond, H.B. Elkins, and E.D. Storlazzi: Determination of Atmospheric Contaminants, II--Methyl CeTlosolve, Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 24:229, No. 8, October 1942. J.W. Hammond: Removal of Fluorides from Potable Waters, The South Carolina State Board of Health publication, "Out of the Spigot," July 1943. J.W. Hammond: Metal Fume Fever in the Crushed Stone Industry, The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. 26, No. 4, April 1944. J.W. Hammond: Hygiene Problems in the Textile Industry, Safety Engineering, Vol. 93, No. 5, May 1947. J.W. Hammond: Hygienic Study of the Paint Department at Baytown Refinery Medical Division; and Hygienic Study of the Lead Burning Department at Baytown Refinery, The Medical Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 2, April 1951. J.W. Hammond and R.W. Pipkin, M.D.: Coproporphyrin Determination and Urinary Lead Relationship - Experiences in an Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, September 1952. J.W. Hammond with R.J. Davis: Health and Ventilation in an Air Conditioned Shop, Heating and Ventilation, January 1953. J.W. Hammond, F. Pretsch, and R.W. Piokin, M.D.: Hygiene Study of the Paint Department, Baytown Refinery,* The Medical Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 1953. J.W. Hammond: Recommended Insect Control Methods and Pesticides, The Medical Bulletin, 1954. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene in the Petroleum Industry, presented at Medical and Health Group Session, 35th Annual Meeting of the American Petroleum Institute, San Francisco, California, API Proceeding, November 14, 1955. J.W. Hammond: Now They're Blueprinting Industrial Hygiene, Oil and Gas Journal, November 21, 1955. C ^^u52 4 J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Tests as an Adjunct to Medical Control of Occupational Diseases, The Medical Bulletin. October 1954; revised May 17, 1955. J.W. Hammond: Keeping Well at Work, The Humble Way, Vol. XI, No. 5, January-February 1956. J.W. Hammond: Recommended Insect Control Methods and Pesticides, The Medical Bulletin, March 1956. J.W. Hammond, Dr. V.C. Baird, and Dr. B.E. Bennison: An Analysis of Cancer Mortality in Employees and Annuitants of an Oil Company and an Oil Pipe Line Company, The Medical Bulletin. Vol. 18, No. 1, March 1958. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Features of Benzene Plant Design, The Medical Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 2, July 1958. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Features of a Petro-Chemical Benzene Plant Design and Operation, reprinted from American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 32, No. 3, April 1960. J.W. Hammond: Humble Cares, First-Aid Information Given to Poison Control Centers, Humble News. 1963. J.W. Hammond: Information for Poison Control Centers, Humble Medical Department, Distributed to Poison Control Center through National Poison Center, HEW, Bethesda, Maryland, February 7, 1963. J.W. Hammond: Occupational Health Aspects of Pesticides, from Proceedings of the Short Course on this subject, held November 20-23, 1963, University of Oklahoma. J.W. Hammond: Guidelines for a Chemical Plant in Preparation for an OSHA Inspection, The Medical Bulletin, Winter 1974. J.W. Hammond: Safe Practices When Working with Hydrogen Sulfide, Proceedings of the 42nd Midyear Refinning Division Meeting, American Petroleum Institute, May 10, 1977. J.W. Hammond: A Professional Crisis, Guest Editorial, Journal of American Industrial Hygiene Association, February 1977. J.W. Hammond: Living Certification, Guest Editorial, Journal of American Industrial Hygiene Association, August 1977. LECTURER AT THE FOLLOWING J.W. Hammond: Determination of Poison Gas, The S.C. Water Works Association, November and December 1942. J.W. Hammond: Hygienist's Services the Medical Department, presented at a meeting of Standard Oil of Jersey affiliates. New York, October 1947. C ou053 5 J.W. Hammond: further Developments and Experiments of Submerged Biological filter, Semi-Annual Meeting of the Division of Civil Engineers, November 1947. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Program in oil Production, Civil Engineers Meeting, December 1947. J.W. Hammond with Dr. V.C. Baird: An Industrial Hygiene Program in the Oil Industry, presented before the Engineering Section, Texas Public Health Association meeting, Houston, Texas, february 1948. J.W. Hammond: Chlorination of Drinking Water, Division of Civil Engineers Meeting, April 1949. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Problems in a Refinery and Services Rendered by an Industrial Hygienist to the Medical Department, presented at an Annual Meeting of the Texas Public Health Association, 1949. J.W. Hammond: Maximum Allowable Concentrations, presented at the meeting of Industrial Hygienist's of Jersey affiliates. Linden, New Jersey, february 1952. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Activities in Humble, presented at the Seminar for foreign Affiliate Companies (Standard Oil Co., N.J.), S.O.D. Laboratories, Linden, New Jersey, November 1952. J.W. Hammond: Humble Environmental Health Program, presented at the Alabama Public Health Workers Conference, March 1953. J.W. Hammond: Air Pollution Development in Harris County, presented at Dallas Branch of Texas Society of American Society of Civil Engineers, June 1953. J.W. Hammond: Bio-Chemical Test as Tool for Industrial Exposure Evaluation, presented at the Gulf Coast Section of American Industrial Hygiene Association, Kelly Air force Base, Texas, January 1954. J.W. Hammond: Safety and fire Protection in Petrol-chemical Industry and Toxicity of Petrochemical Gases and Solvents, Panel (API), April 1955. J.W. Hammond: Economic Consideration in Lead Poison Control or Prevention and Industrial Hygiene in the Petroleum Industry, presented at 35th Annual API meeting, San francisco, November 14, 1955. J.W. Hammond: Presiding Officer Remarks, Industrial Hygiene Radiation Seminar, University of Texas, May 1957 J.W. Hammond: Lead Exposure in Cleaning and Repairing of Tankage in High Octane Gasoline Service, presented at the h'ersey Affiliates Industrial Hygiene Meeting in Toronto, Summer 1957. c:^054 6 J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Problems in the Petroleum Industry, Seminar on Industrial Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, February 1957. J.W. Hammond, Dr. E.R. Hermann and R.T.S. Howell: Industrial Hygiene Features of Petro-Chemical Benzene Plant Design and Operation, presented to American Industrial Hygiene Association at the 1959 Industrial Health Conference, Chicago, Illinois, April 1959, (presented by Dr. E.R. Hermann). J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Services for Exploration and Pro duction in an Oil Co., April 1960. J.W. Hammond: Humble Cautionary Labeling Program, April 1961. J.W. Hammond: Experiences of Humble with Air Contamination Preven tion Program, presented at Northwest Association of Occupational Medicine, Portland, Oregon, September 10, 1961. J.W. Hammond: Handling, Labeling and Storage of Chemicals, presented at the 8th Annual Pacific Northwest Industrial Health Conference, Portland, Oregon, September 11, 1961. J.W. Hammond: The Technology of Labeling, presented at Manufacturing Chemists Association 11th Semi-Annual Meeting and Midyear Conference, November 21, 1961. J.W. Hammond: Toxicological Hazards of Company Products, presented at Consumer Products Training Course, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965. J.W. Hammond: The Hazards of Pesticides as Used in the Petroleum industry, presented at 25th Annual Texas Safety Conference, Dallas, Texas, March 15-18, 1964. J.W. Hammond: Methods of Surveying Toxic Exposure in Occupational Environment, presented at American Medical Association 24th Annual Congress on Occupational Health, September 27, 1964; presented annually at Baylor University, College of Medicine. J.W. Hammond: New Products with Industrial Hygiene Characteristics from Petroleum Industry, presented at Tennessee Valley Industrial Hygiene Conference, Gatlingburg, Tennessee, October 1965. J.W. Hammond: Proper Selection of Protective Equipment; Welding and Related Crafts, presented at the University of Oklahoma Short Course on Use of Protective and Safety Equipment, November 28-30, 1966. J.W. Hammond: Labeling Practices - Hazardous Chemicals, Use in Industrial Plants, presented at Louisiana Safety Conference, New Orleans, December 12, 1966; was also presented at "Orientation in Occupational Health for Health Personnel" conducted by USDEW, TSDH, Harris County Health Department and Houston City Health Department, in Houston, November 2, 1966. C 0 o055 7 J.W. Hammond: Proper Selection of Protective Equipment; Welding and Related Crafts, presented at 28th Annual Texas Safety Conference, March 22, 1967. J.W. Hammond: Guard Your Health, presented for General Services Department, Humble Building, September 12, 1967. J.W. Hammond: Herbicide Safety, presented to Texas A&M University, College of Agriculture's Second Annual Industrial Weed Control Con ference at College Station, October 23, 1967; also presented at the Annual Texas Safety Association Conference, Dallas, March 18, 1968. J.W. Hammond: Practical Application of Threshold Limit Value, presented at Texas Safety Association Conference, March 20, 1968. J.W. Hammond: Occupational Health Hazards in Housekeeping Opera tions, presented at Institute for National Executive Housekeepers' Association, March 29, 1969. J.W. Hammond: Product Liability of Industrial Chemicals, presented at American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 15, 1969. J.W. Hammond: Chemical Hazards in Industry, Farm and Home, pre sented at Texas Employers' Insurance Association Conference, Dallas, Texas, June 1969. J.W. Hammond: Living with Occupational Health Legislation, presented at 34th Annual Meeting, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, October 14-15, 1969. J.W. Hammond: Living with Walsh-Healey and Similar Federal Occupa tional Safety and Health Standards, presented at Humble Safety Meeting, Houston, November 18, 1969. J.W. Hammond: Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Industrial Substances, presented at Industry and Commerce Seminar, Corpus Chrisit Chapter of the American Society of Safety Engineers, January 22, 1970. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Challenges of the 70's, presented at the National Petroleum Refiner's Association meeting, June 11, 1970. J.W. Hammond: Disposal of Chemical Wastes, presented at Texas Firemen's Training School, Engineering Extension Service, Texas A&M University, July 29-30, 1970. J.W. Hammond Industrial Hygiene Problems in a Refinery or Chemical Plant and Services Rendered by an Industrial Hygienist, lecture notes for Bucharest Romania, October 1970. 0 v U 056 J.W. Hammond: The Flammability, Toxicity and Allowable Limits of Some Industrial Gases, presented at 1970 Bucharest, Romania International Fair; also presented to Baylor Medical School students, January 1971. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Activities in Romania, Washington debriefing; also presented to Gulf Coast Section - AIHA, January 1971. J.W. Hammond: Noise Considerations in 1971, presented to the Natural Gas Processors Association, February 18, 1971. J.W. Hammond: How Air and Water Pollutant Control Affects Occupa tional Health Engineering, presented at Seminar at University of Texas School of Public Health, May 1971. J.W. Hammond: Health Hazards and Occupational Diseses, presented at Louisiana State University at the 18th Annual Safety Course, August 1971. J.W. Hammond: Noise, Tomorrow's Public Health Problem, Annual Convention of the Mississippi Public Health Association, Jackson, Mississippi, October 1971. J.W. Hammond: Health Hazards and Occupational Diseases, Annual Conference of American Society of Safety Engineers, College Station, February 1972. J.W. Hammond: Lecture on Solvents, presented at the University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, March 1972. J.W. Hammond: A Review of Chemical Substances under OSHA, present ed at the Third Annual International Maintenance Institute Seminar on "Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970," May 1972. J.W. Hammond: Fundamental Concepts of AIHA, American Society of Safety Engineers, and Local Chapter of the National Safety Councel Short Course on "Fundamentals of Solving Health Problems in Industry," December 1972. J.W. Hammond: Industrial Hygiene Problems, 1973 Gas Conference, June 5-7, 1973. J.W. Hammond: Employees. Decanted Oil, Internal publications for Exxon J.W. Hammond: 1973 Summer Training Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Instructors, Texas ASM, July 27, 1973. J.W. Hammond: New Developments in Precautionary Labeling and Markino for Petroleum Products, Houston meeting of Packaging, Warehousing, and Shipping Personnel, November 1973. J.W. Hammond: Phenol Hazards, Exxon employee training material, December 4, 1973. J.W. Hammond: The Energy Crisis and Its Impact on Public and Occupational Health, Texas Public Health Association Meeting, February 1974. C wG57 9 JaD.tWivit.shieoHna,mAnmCnoounrapdlu: sSOCafchectruyisptaiC,tiohTnaeairxlmaHasne, 'asFltheCbPorunroafebryrleemn1cs9e7i,5n. the Oil Field, South Texas presented Production c 58 10