Document 2NNVQBm3Xk2dJrYX9p1zYM71b

LT erate .interoffice cCoorrrreessppoanndaeennccee S00 i=~.~, mTTn Guenter, RJJ... ARR... GJJuooehhnnnstsohonnner 70D: dames J. D. LaZerte IE pene J. T. Line 1- Ea WWJ... E. HH.. Long PPeeaarrllssoonn HERE A. K. Teller Subect: B Booloegtos)aAspects ofweno Subject: ~olo~;i~1 Aspects ot" Fluorocarbons - you~ memo 7714/1 ro SSeepptt.. 1133,, 11997711 CECRIVED .T2O0: RR.SM. A63d8a8ms - 20222200--1I4~8E PRA SEPTE Lorn conti DTrE. ALbinblbyy'sSotrheasnts FFRROOMM:: HH.. GG.. BBrryyccee Dr. Libby,s thesis "sttohhmaaett-- attthhteeor~22nee3i3t66o--i1n11ss. "no "no natural natural sink" sink" for for flucrosaxbons fluorocarbons obviI.ouslDyetidenmiaentdosn osfomea aFtltueonrtoicoans.bon I. DTTe Lta eoohfaEitbbneegighEitiannsionwawIiiEttose hhfiEgvae wn:eeifFicce 1lucaaaaonnnr]otddceeaffnht riiuabnnmnoeebeneaarsefoFCFfliuuiooT2-rrr5Ciooe0-sco8F.rastrsobdybboonoonfnnsdSi,,osn,t,imaavass"isdob.uaacnunnhstyyhseahtp~cbcaMlra~~eeemmttsppteoo3isst5uunndndmo0 BlitnnenSr lotr sounds. longer undergoes, as a whole or physical or biological changes. only stable or inert compounds. Gursently these compounds in part, normal chemical, This definition embraces Currently these compounds 1. would iFnlculuodreocarbon compounds sush as chlorofiuoro- TSS lb./yr. I. ieee Fluorocarbon compounds such hydrocarbon propellants aanndd as chlor~)fluororreeffrriiggeerraannttss 2000.0 2. 2. wPR Pooorlllyydtt-eowttirrh daaeff.liuoorrooeetthhyyileennse and and polyohlorotrt- polychlorotrl- 1155..00 ME 3. Pflluuoorrcoeleatshtyolneenres 20m 3. Fluoroelastomers 44.. 33MM FInEerEt LBiquIiasR FFlluuoorroocchheemmliccaallss Inert Liquids + surractanse 030.:225 In. Disgosteion oFfiVboelraT`rtoToitrtlaealesatmP((el11nu00to00r%%+ocssaSoorulrbriioddfnssascttbaatansnntissst))he2.E0nviroment22..22MmM II. ~Isp1.oslrtpTTEreihhoeeOppDueevviloooilll~aaaannVttttoiiaslll:,aeetipprelrretemoofeddriauuiFsccglgetecurrssoaa~Tnnowwhttchhissaiisrccbahahtonnhnddeiisnnoccttihllhieeuu.rddeeistit~nneaeaeeeilrrslltEtp~hvltLtalihhisreeqqeouu.niiff~ddllSessuuunoortwwrrraioooilcuctlanardrbibonongn welarEely end up mixed into the air atmosphere surroundln~ 2. Otnhetehaertbha.sis of the following assumptions 2. On the basis of the following assumptions aa)) AAnnnnuuaall pprroodduuccttiioonn wwoorrlldd--wwliddee 22,,000000 MMKM lIbbss,. B aroupE rare anhsavnoiddinveg tnthas Seabgeern bb)) AAllll ooff vvoollaattiillee pprroodduuccttss aarree rreelleeaasseedd to atmosphere and would be in a layer 1.0 miles thick surrounding the earth. ~c-coonnttiinnuueedd-- Exhibit 1088 zor 3M MN03423907 11008888..00000011 :+ : _EEccoollooggiiccaall AAssppeeccttss ooff Rita of ~_ Flu.orocarbons PPaag~ee 22 0) sta b) eont Ir~ued RA Annu22a00l0000pMrMMoMd//u1Iobbsst//lyyorrn == 66000000 MMMM c0uu..fftt//yyrr.. Volum of 1.0 nile Taper surrounting suxtn Volume oi' 1.0 mile la=yer 2sxur~1o0u1n9dicyn,~ earth rt. Ta rrotore contantnation of atrosprers ave Therefore contamlnat~on of a~mOSDh~m~ LR to one year's producblon would b~ I1ppaarrtt Itnn 33 xx 110099 or 1m 0 300 years or I ppm in 3000 years 3 on ars an re artyS 3 fou possivle vay in hse tne vetatize There are only a few possible ways in which the volatile I i E Te, en th roles, fluorocarbons would be removed f~om the atmosphere, since mE Cs de LT they do not enter into any known biological process. processes are ~r~ese So aa)) ddiissssoollvveedd iinn tthhee oocceeaann.. IItt iiss reasonable to SEEmeEtRaY fn n SEANTNS B expect that the solubility in water could be . about 0.001 ppm. max. b) ddiisslinntteeEgrraatteedd bbyy ggaammmmaa rmadilatlion viz. coup, Lmnasusion, oo, +51 +m i cos + .cI + m, H20 ofpva LZommstmum, o2em 3288 22 -B-Raaatdaiavtiioonn>, H20 CO2 + K~' TTre1iaard HIE) wuhs ve snshed nso ene sot ang The HF and HCI would be washed into the soil and EEE Uphere men nie i tobe, presumably end up where they started as appropriate Protest a e,theydes4 tppropria metal salts or complexes. The half-life for this BeritutSRbaL) ery Tones BL A 6 process is undoubtedly very low--so this ~ay be insignificant. ce)) Lightning TSS rhe eneE rsy suatAiaebtse in8a MHghning stom outa The energy available in a~ lightning storm would ot Renin" aine dom vote be sufficient to also break up the fl~orocarbon 8, TH. RSS, group resulting in COs + }~. This would be quite significant. dd)) UUllttrraavviioolleett rraaddiiaattiioonn ++ OOzzoonnee pTiHoensSciontnainning uprosashan pretucts xouia Chlorine containing fluorocarbon products would Era CEO herenien Riots wos likely dechlorinate in the upper atmosphere where TASin,Aper ASmeEn ~,~itraviolet radiation is quite strong. The ny SE, + wm wep ~esultlng ~'echlorinated products would be subject ~, ozone ~ ack vlz. CF2CI2-----~V 002 + HCI + }~F + H20 11008888..00000022 sno 3M MN03423908 Ecological Aspects of ~_ Fluorocarbons Pa~e 3 The completely ruorimmied Fhvorossssens suo a Py Gs III. Toxicity of Fluorocarbon Gases The completely f]uorlnated fluorocarbons such as ~F~,. ~3F8, C8FI8, C7F160 have a very low toxielty value and can be Stolerated at very high levels in air as lone as the oxygen sEeRa,raSinaLoLSh,THSuERSMhlesn Ianlteetedo an the omen content is not reduced, below that meilers inion BSsient ome llfe. Even the fluorochloro hydrocarbons are relatively noni Tikes To nntoooxi((c"".lliiffeeTttoiixmmieec""i))tyddaavttaaaluiiesssraaevvfaaeiirllarabbelldee..to above are short term since IV. Fluorocarbon plastlcs~ e]astomers Amin it st ve sumed cat ony outa nt be acted so AEaln it must be assumed that they would not be affected to any degree by biological action. 0 thing say raspen tn sen, Two things may happen to them. buried in tre steen x buried in the earth wma a an smsnmresor burned In an Incinerator A piece of plastic or elastomer burled In the earth ls likely sheis MLEaE h iDs0EnCorntyen ia,ti re smite 2a to be largely intact for many thousands of years. On the ERT 0 Yee mene oOorFthaaeiirrrhaaattnd teimrpaerpaiteucreesof inntheeexxcacebesosssveoofmfat880e00r0iCCa.l. is burned in oxygen tthhee dedeccoom~ppoossiittiloonn would theoretically occur as follows - for cxapte, tn the case of selyetescruon sinsioe for example, in the case of polytetrafluoro ethylene 5 ((GCFy2m-cCmF,--0CmF,2-Ccr.n 5 E . CO HF Th HP wouaa vn H EO" 002+ HF scarred 0 hea and end vp a mea sn, The HF would be returned to the sol1 and end up a metal salt. V.. iorohestea iter trestaente ang Sexratanes V. ~luo~ochemical Fiber Treatments and Surfactants 12 tptietes shove cuman rasan af thse Siem 1s shut As indicated above current production of these items is about 2.0 MM Ibs/yr. on a so]ids basis. These products consist of a Wg Ssoerttahet,a Fh li conventional hydrocarbon backbone as functional group to which tan onae pFeenrelaon]BTrt ret wvheieyh has been attached chemically .certain Pe~fluoroalkyl ~ups spch as C~F~.-. Approximately 50~ of the welght is the f~uorocarDon 7 Satie SSRL of he rset ~ ----We We coaa~nn ~1aa"7sssgsurumomeuptt,hhaattwhaaivblooeeuutttthhoeoenneerr--eehbssatt~lIffiissoofftthheetthheehhyyddttr~rreooeaccataaterredbbdoonntteexxiittnniillmmeeaa,,kkee.ppuaaupppp.e.err,, texte, mp leather etc. products will be burned in an incinerator while the other half will be buried in a landfill. As indicated previously incineration in air will result in essentially complete decomposltion to C02 and HF. From B.O.D. and C.O.D. SSPI int men0isriyEheneBEd00, determinations, it is known that the hydrocarbon porti.~ns of these compounds are decomposed biologically. 11008888..00000033 3M MN03423909 w ts - Fiorocarpens EEccoollooggiiccaal~ AAssppeeccttss ooff PPaaggee 4 [------ Fluorocarbons V. --continued-- AaTaTlhhl1eekk1yy1lluunnddcCheeoaacdcrrroobbinoomapRxpnyyoo.ilgsiieeecddThpopoerororrpttssieiuuorlolnffnfoionnuwwliiciccllrllo.ddbeabeeeirrkiiveveviiaiatttthaihievcevreeirdaaG~ErBppeeaearrriffprplaleecuumriorofvirlreuvoosoorroowould abbtCtyleehypkapeyetLe.lrxppeSteehqhaeciyuutdtiirealiniddioidlbbe)rrtt.iioouuhmnabbaeeThmmeeeaaaccddhhplssaaeioonnrmrriifibbsetleemneudd..dorbboyycHaHoaopttwwlahheekeecvvyieeltsSrroyoi,,iallfc.oiiirdttiinndsasaaehdhnhrosoiuouvlrlliadapoetinninbbvgeeesexrscnenmhohoeatatewnseneoegdgdueeld 2anntt5loohhkknneasytlDbabtiitmohohhoeyddysaeedpkrsgshiirroeddaaireelddean,btwwhliooaesauwuhlleddaaArcceiibb:leddeiiimtscrirheteelledJlaaderettrriiibcivvveavaeehpatllaatiyyvciviivevovtesoory:.llaawfttooiPiurTlhllheeedeadapspbbneoeeddrrrbfsiilsleunnnnuteEddolrrasuoutnpph.esiitenno the atmosphere, where their behavior would be similar to aoFoltttuhhoereeorrrcarssbotthnaasbbilleenffotllouukoorrbooeccRaa4rrobbaiooanntsse..izdeSSdhbphoeeuQfllada.mrraUee naiIt~ix.e.ai~niDdtnQhLnSg:ae~d~, wDVCDeeeaeprpebwenoonodunduiIilnadndgcgieedxxooppnneesccattttlhhtee ttrrrooaeatlthhieiaaoaovvseeeoodfflleeasasosscciiddtttiihhhcceaanntStooo00i..l55hh.yyMMddMHmrWiieddlAe5eb5sc/pp/aprrnyroor.dadsuuoosccFfuttmaaepprrfFootluddhuiuusosccreeeosddi-,,a eC1cIisi0nansRr"eaebSlcnnoAarnttnneaiidsraafa,icill1lill]ld2yy16oscco0papooelennrtrctcaaheettanrniittetoorlrnnaeatsstath,,esesddede5ea0aii1cncnt1hho1Id00lJte00ahApennmmcdGhfaaTsijoijliloo1ll8lrr. mSmccbeeoooWttmmuerrpptoorrppiicsosoa1iilln0nnii0gg-attTsaaesannaaunnt~aa,eraaverveaeetcssahTihleooffis IO acres, also that the soil depth is about iOO feet. 33| iy(Sys~0Boee/1epiaa~1rflrr.oo."lclsreyyes,t/T,IllltieeevvsasaeehchillsohouiurlrnlffedgdeooararseseIonanoannadantdabboassbllbooleelrGreeppr.ttottiiuhhtteeoonoonndasaswosswoiaiosstlluuuemlmredett,oobtteroyhhreaeatatttbaasoliuttunhhrnteefaeecses0se.slis5euuewnttnaptrrtptiiiimeaaaa.rltillltlyooysiynnne55c00te00hmenpypm ~bIenfoarney claesaechitnheg sianlttos grofounfduowraotcearr, boonr fluorocarbon aasccuiirddfssaceaarreweatooennrllyysystems. In any case the salts of mHHCttoeehohndnenecceicieernrearstneccvevooelenndnynpnceenvniittttfifoorrexxaaiiwtttccthhiioeeooafyynnsssddtiithwdwdheoeouueAellLlvvddleDeunn5SnsnttO0oiouutvtoasanlilllbbuyheyfeasclSrsteWeuoaaFafrrcFcfseIhh:iccigSi~pIeoeronnnttevttEaaeSbtlLvletteeeroed:Wwctcaaahauttassneeeesrr2aa0ssn0nyyyySsmmitg~rsee//eeamakakts~lg4 concusrons concern in view of the dilution factors involved. ~ 1C.ONCAAccLttohrUgliuSoottiIrrhhoOeeoto~frilbppouurrnoeoersrsMeoeoonncnuttaalrrdbtrroaoatntnraeeaanonosdsffuppfFIlrrlihoouotoddoruurn.occolsttcayiiaroorinnb1oonnooffpprrggpacooaadtssuueeceoottuussss wwoooorrrrdllledoo--wwewilbbddooseii,,lllinnit2~ghee aamnmnuusasl 3 prodPuhceticaornthwoosuladtmroespuhletrei.n onlyly 11 ppaarrtt iinn aapppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy 33xx 110099 ppaarrttss of the earth's atmosphere. 2. AoCJoCofoferrr-ttfrTeaalaltiduuonnioonarrtononicacdaotataenuurrv,rrbbeaaoorllunnmliteeiiernnnndavv.ittivrhhrieeooonmalameetmentmnototsasaappllnhhdiepprrrroeezoo..occneeess.sTsTheehessessTeehc.ceooiuuinlSlnedidclgluurnrgdeieeesfs.uiu1lcllitatlEngnchiieetnnnnildondneefe~.ccootmmsmhptpoeoooorrssmiiistnt!,aiisoonn ) -radiation, ultra violet and ozone. The significance of these has not been determined. 3. 3. Ietiinnnhre"orCuttthsheaenffdelelsuaauorroorttrfohohccawaywreoroaubburloolsdnnd.ppbbeellaasseettxxiippcceeccttooeerrddeellttooaassttFrooeemmmmeaeiirrnnppaattrrhhtteeserr,,ee uuttnnhhcaaeththanbnbseegeccenaod.mmeeoforbrbuummrraiianeendyd thousands of years. 4. BB2PsPSiiueeuoSrFrrrllfefffooailalggcfucuiitoitoccariaraanovnolltaetaslnsllykaayyacac)lntnwtdidiavdvdtiaeiaeestrtrryiyivvfsfaawoiwititilbvliliueellvvbrreeisesdtdterercoeuoceffoaaoetmtmmpmpcceeooeeinnssrrntteetetssraatiittnnhhiLee.Feelhhr.uhhyysyyddrddrrctororooecsccoxxaacacttrrsaaiibbbrrllooobboennnooesssnns,2ppbapeapaerreoppeerraeettrriiouuoosavsanneeendddddbbeaauurelsstgeiaavttliehheoseeaairrnve..ee, nwahiirccehhlawtwooiuuvlleddlybbeewaeetxxeppreeccsttoeelddubltteoo bbbeeutaaddissnooerrrbtbeeddflubbyyorotcchheearbsooorinll:.acid or derlvative,~ 5+ 5. AAnnyy iflvuoorrooccaarrabeonn pprroodduuccttss wwhhiicchh aazroe ssuubbjjeecctteedd ttoo iinncciinneerraattiioonn itnn aatier Q dodorcreccaooonmxxE ppyoogsseeenddatttoo tCCHehOmg9peeaarnna!ddturHHIeF~.s. inHHF~eWwxiicllellssooffofcco8ou5u5r0r5ss0eeCC be adserved by sae sotl will bbee eesssseennttiiaallllyy be adsorbed by the soil ~,{~q_~.;,to form metal fluoride. aw_mosez3910 3M MN03423910 11008888..00000044