Document 2JzGarrO0XDo68QrmZr1gXLKL
FILE NAME Brakes BRK
DATE 1959
DOC BRK015
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Book Chapter & Industry - Dust Diseases of the Lungs
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DONALD HUNTER M
AR
EMRE
Health in
Industry
Diseases and accidents
to which workers in industry
,
are liable and how they
may be treated or prevented
VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME
PELICAN PELICAN PELICAN PELICAN PELICANPELICAN MEDIMCALEDICALMEDICAL MEDICAMLEDICALSERSIESERIESSERIES SERIES SERIES
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Books Ltd
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Clipper Mill
Baltimore
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Wo. ES DUST DISEASES LUNGS |
. Preventive treatment consists of rigorous dust suppression In | eetdetey
asbestos mining which is carried out on a large scale in Canada .
eote a
#} wet rock drilling is imperative In Great Britain in factories and |
textile mills the principle of locally applied exhaust ventilation is
enforced to prevent the escape of asbestos dust into the air of any '
~ By,
* .
room in which work is done In the manufacture of asbestos
f
textiles hand cleaning of the cylinders of carding machines is
prohibited while any other person is present nor may it be done
24:
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exeosersoSer
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by hand strickles or other hand tools cleaning cylinders ~~: SP
filling insulating mattresses and entering chambers containing
loose asbestos should be provided with an efficient apparatus by _
means of which they can breathe air free from dust Plate 12
Suppression of dust in the cleaning of carding machines is best ensured by the use of a revolving brush fitted with a cover and ..:*
connected to a portable vacuum cleaner By the use of closed
machines handling should be reduced to a minimum In one
frames factory spinning frames have been totally enclosed in
Perspex with an ingenious device which
easy access to bobbins.
permits Education of the worker must aim at a high standard of good
housekeeping DrE. R. A. Merewether late H.M. Senior Medical
Inspector of Factories to the Ministry of Labour and National _
Service made extensive investigations of the dust hazard in this *
the protection industry and upon this work
present methods of
~
:
are based
,
Byssinosis BYSSINOSIS many
ob
occurs workers for years in
as
in
in
in
cotton rooms
the cotton industry employed for =
a
blowing rooms or card rooms
where the spinning of raw cotton is carried on The workers are s . exposed to the inhalation of dust arising in these processes The .
course of the disease suggests that it may be the result of the type
chronic of sensitivity known as allergy
The established condition is one of
wef
bronchitis and |...
-
emphysema The symptoms are progressive dyspnoea sometimes
asthmatic in type with cough and at first scanty sputum The ~
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yo
early stages are often called Monday fever because there is a
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difficulty in breathing on resuming work on Monday mornings =.
or after an interval away from work At first this quickly passes
"
215
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agie aD RC ae MENT Pe TATA TS
if
r
REE
EER RIE te
RS ot eas Oy
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.
INDUSTRY e
HEALTH IN
*
|
and in the oe
ee
then the falling trend has been maintained
1954 rate
ee was 9.2 per 1000 men employed As was to be expected measures for dust suppression have been quicker to show results in the
condi- western Division than elsewhere Already working
tions in the South Wales pits have altered out of all knowledge
re the levels of borne dust in the pits in 1956 being tenth pa,, t
get
of those prevailing in 1942. Elsewhere in the British Isles it seems
weooges that too many cases still go undiagnosed The rate of certification
per 1000 men employed in divisions other than South Wales
searsoP
rose from 0.3 in 1943 to 1.9 in 1947
the rate for the last
and emrs
complete year 1954 was 5.8
a
ee
ASBESTOSIS
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a
Asbestosis is a special form of pneumoconiosis caused by the
ete inhalation of asbestos dust Asbestos is a mixture of fibrous silicates mainly magnesium silicate Occupations with a possible
es
risk are those involving the working or handling of asbestos
Te
cleaning the carding machines spinning weaving the repair of
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asbestos textiles the manufacture of brake linings and the lag-
nodules yee
ging of boilers and water pipes
Vone
The lesion in the lungs is not in the shape of discrete
but instead there is diffuse fibrous scarring accompanied by
ote
pleural thickening and emphysema The inhaled asbestos fibres
Tater undergo a change in the lungs and become converted by the deposition of fibrin into the characteristic asbestosis bodles Under
ene
: the microscope these are seen to be shaped segmented rods up
oo
to 200 microns in length They are formed around asbestos fibres
tae
The symptoms are dyspnoea cough and expectoration The
te
e ste
physical signs are cyanosis clubbing of the fingers and fine
woe Maer
crepitations at the bases of both lungs The sputum contains
Pay
asbestosis bodies which may be regarded as of diagnostic signific-
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ance only if they are present in clumps Radiographic changes are
late in developing and the symptoms and signs may be present
before they appear The first ray findings are a ground appearance or a very fine stippling of the bases of the lungs the
heart shadow may present a shaggy outline and the diaphragmatic
border is obscured
214