Document 2Jg01ava4w0NNE1Q8GGK0278R

1104 MINERAL RESOURCES. SXiATT'j CUOUNJ) von PRODUCTION. Mineral black is tlie name applied to the product of tho dark coloied slates and shales that are ground for paint, and in 1003 the total quan tity of these materials that were used for this purpose amounted to 7 106 short tons, valued at *59,029, an increase of 3,035 tons in quan tity and of *19,628 in value os compared with the production of 4,071 short tons, valued at *39,401, in 1902. The following table does not include the production of the graphitic or carbonaceous shale or schist of Michigan, which is known as " Baraga graphite," nor the graphitic material obtained from Bliode Island. Both are used to some extent in the manufacture of graphite paints, as are also tho purer forms of graphite from New York and 1 ennsylvania, tho statistics of tho production and value of which arc included in thoso of graphite. .. The annual production of pigments made from slate and shale since 1880 have been as follows: Quantity and value of dale and dude ground for pigment, 18SO-100S. Year. Quantity. Value. Year. Quantl ty. Value. Short tons. 2 2*10 2 2-10 J89I.......................................... 2,240 $10,000 10,000 24,000 24,000 20,000 24,087 30,000 20,000 25,100 20,000 20,000 20,000 Short ton*. 1892................................... . .................................................. .................................................. 1895.......................................... 1890.......................................... 1897.......................................... 3,787 3,253 3,300 4,331 4,795 4, GOG 4,571 .................................................. 1900>....................................... ................................................. ................................................ ................................................. 4, f>7G 6,395 4,866 4,071 7,105 $23,623 25,567 35,370 45,082 44,835 46,681 46,216 43,703 53,942 41,211 39,401 59,029 IneJntk'fl mineral aii'l c'lrlmn black. VISA'D VAINTS. WHITE LEAD, SUBLIMED LEAD, ZINC LEAD, RED LEAD, LITHARGE, AND ORANGE MINERAL. Although the lead pigments do not represent mineral paiuts in the sense of thoso just described, they are included under this head as they are the products of metallic lead, from which they are manufactured,, but their value is excluded from tho tabulation in order to avoid dupU. cation. The lead pigments included here are white lead, aub'.im,, lead, zinc lead, red lead, litharge, and orange mineral. min e r a l p a in t s . PRODUCTION. ' During 1903 the aggregate production of all lead pigm to 141,486 short tons, valued at *15,711,595, an incre short tops in quantity, and of $3,058,810 in value as c the production of 123,391 short tons, valued at $12,652 Tho imports of these lead pigments in 1903 amounted tons, valued at $103,312, as against 1,334 short tons, va 6<1, in 1902. This makes tho total amount of lead pigme in the United States in 1903 equal to 142,689 short to ' l'oo^'9^' ^ aa*D8t short tons, valued at WHITE LEAD. PRODUCTION. .1 he total production of white load in 1903 amounted to tons, valued at $12,837,647, a decrouso of 772 short tons but an increase of $859,473 in value as compared with th of 114,658 short tons, valued at $11,978,174, in 1902. production, the quantity of white lead in oil was 62,67 valued at $7,482,487, and the quantity of dry white lea oxide was 50,212 short tons, valued at $5,355,160. The import of white lead during 1903 amounted to o tons, valued at $24,495, which indicates the gradual disp imported pigments by those of domestic production. There is a tendency to substitute zinc white and baryte lead pigments on account of the poisonous effects on the the fumes given off in the manufacture of the white lead. experiments' have recently been conducted by M. N. J Trench scientist, as to the relative merits of different whit the results of his works are summed up as follows: While lead resists tho action of certain acids better than its sub tl!6 Other hand It is quite inferior under the action of heat or sudden perature also of hydrosnlphurous emanations and of certain strong ox such as hypochlorite of soda. Besides,.the white-lead paints are muc to the surfaces to winch tl.ey are applied and have a marked tenden The addition of sulphate of barium to white lead, while diminishin power considerably, does not seem to render the paint any less resista bon of a siccative to zinc oxide in the proportion needed to give thes ing quality equal to that of the white-lead paint does not diminish th the paint, and often, on the contrary, at least in certain cases, increas The white lead forms a simple mixture with linseed oil and not a com the mixture is less homogeneous than that which is formed by oxide In experimenting as to the covering power of white le oxide M. Breton found that for equal weights the spread of zinc oxide is nearly double that of white lead; for eq aSoicDtlflo American rw m ^ 1100 MIN KRAI It ],rw \ > iv> Tn practice to make the zinc paint thicker in order to obtain the .same 1 CThe aDmlal production of white lead since 1884 has been as follows: J'roduclion of vihilc lend m liu\ lfniir.fl Staten, ISXj-100.1. "Year. Quantity. ___ --...-- Value., -- Year. Short (oiif. 65,000 SO,500,000 , 1K01..............................: 60,000 6,800,000 60,000 7,200,000 ................................................ 70,000 7,560,000 84,000 10,080,000 80,000 9,600,000 Qtmnllly. j Short ton*. 1 76,318 00,613 88,608 96, 058 96, 017 110,197 08,210 Value. 56,623,071 8. 723,632 8,371,688 0,676,816 9,100,022 11,917,907 10,667,950 1892..................... 78.01H 10,451,020 ........................................... 8,7X7,620 72,172 7,605, i:io 100,787 11,252,663 11 1,658 11,978,171 N2.KKI1 | 12, TO, 047 ----------- lMtlOKS. The following table shows the average .yearly market prices of cor roding pig lead the net price of white lend in oil (both at New York), and the difference between the two since 1874: Average yearly net prices, at New YoH; ,,/pig lead and Wkite lead in oil, 1874-1903. ll'er 100 pounds-] Year. Pig lead. - --------------------................................... 1875............................ 1876........................... 1879............................ 1880............................ ................................... *0.00 5.95 6.05 5.43 3.58 6.05 4.80 4.90 White lead in oil. 311.25 10.50 10-00 0.00 7.25 <. uu 7.60 7.25 7.00 ------------ 1 DiUorcncc. _. Year. Pig load. . ------ --------------- ------ - 1 4.65 3.95 3.67 1891.......................... 1892.......................... #3.80 4.33 4.05 ... 2.68 2. 46 3.28 3.61 White lend in oil. #0.00 6.25 6.37 0.39 rii. `i.T<> 5.05 4.90 6.00 ................................... 1884.......................... 1885.......................... 1880.......................... 4.32 3.73 S. 95 4.03 4.47 4.41 0.88 5.90 6.00 6.25 5.75 6.75 - i. > > 2.17 2.06 1.G2 1.28 i **1 11 -- -..................... ......... 4.63 4.65 4.61 4.21 1 6.35 5.67 6.87 6.62 Differ ence. *2.20 1.92 2.06 2.34 2.30 1.96 1.77 1.87 J. 36 1.29 .82 1.02 1.80 1.401 2.16 SUBLIMED LEAD. Another lead pigment which is sometimes classed as a white lead is known as sublimed lead and is obtained as a by-product m the ing smelting of galena ores; it consists essentially of lead sulphates MINERAL I'AINTS. and lead oxide. The output of this pigment in 1903 l'icher Lead Company, of Joplin, Mo., amounted to 8 valued at $386,640, as against 9,465,500 pounds, val in 1902. ZINC LEAD. Thero is manufactured at Canyon, Cal., by the Unite tion and Refining Company, a product known as zinc lea ment consisting of the mixture of an oxide compound obtained by an oxidizing, smelting treatment of lead furnace of special design. The production of this amounted to 4,500 short tons, valued at $247,500, as ag tons, valued at $225,000, in 1902, and 2,500 short $150,000, in 1901. RED LEAD, LITHARGE, AND ORANGE MIN The production of red lead during 1903showa a cons from that of 1902, being 8,832 short tons, valued at $1 pared with 11,069 short tons, valued at $1,263,112, in decrease of 2,837 short tons in quantity and of $240,3 The combined production of litharge and orange min was 10,972 short tons, valued at $1,217,054, ns comp short tons, valued at $1,437,692, in 1902, a decrease quantity and of $220,638 in value. There is still a considerable quantity of red lead and imported into the United States, and in 1903 this amou pounds of red lead and 756,742 pounds of orange m litharge 42,756 pounds were imported during 1903. table is given the production of white lead, sublimed red lend, litharge, and orange mineral for the years 1903: ' Production of white lead, sublimed lead, zinc lead, red lead, litharge during 1901, 1902, and 1903. 1901. Quantity. Value. . 1902. Quantity. Value. White lead: In oil ........................ Dry a.......................... Zinc lead........................ Bed lead.......................... Litharge.......................... Orange mineral............. Pounds. 164,606,670 46,966,946 6,000,000 26,206,096 18,919,036 2,174,727 $8,978,441 2,274,212 160,000 1,448,650 979,686 224,6G7 Pounds. 179,473,688 49,841,821 9,466,500 8,000,000 23,338,262 26,510,690 ' 1,978,621 89,766,197 2,222,077 449,611 226,000 1,263,112 1,298,343 139,849 concluding white oxide. 1108 MINERAL RESOURCES, IMrORTS. The quantity and value of the imports of white lead, red lead, lith arge, and orange mineral from 1867 to 1903, inclusive, aro given in the following table: While lead, red lead, litharge, and orange mineral imparled, 1S67-190H. Year ending-- White lead. Quantity. Value. Red lead. Quantity. Value. Litharge. Orange ml icral. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Jmm-0-- 1867.................... 1808.................... 1869.................... 1870.................... __1871.................... J'ounri*. 6,636,608 $180, 805 7,633,226 465,698 8,948,642 616,783 6,228,286 365,706 8,337,842 483,892 7,163,978 431,477 ]'t/unfln. 926,843 1.201,144 808,686 1,042,813 1,296,616 1,618,794 $63,087 76,773 46,481 64,626 78,410 J'onnil*. 2.30,382 250,615 187,833 97,898 70,889 66,544 40,799 $8,941 12,226 7,767 4,442 3,870 3, 396 2,379 1874.................... 1876.................... 1876.................... 1877.................... 1878.................... 1879.................... 1880.................... 1881.................... 1882.................... 1888..................... _1884.................... 4,771,609 4,354,131 2,546,77G 2,644,184 1,759,G08 1,274,196 1,906,931 1,068,030 1,161,889 1,014,478 902,281 705,636 323,9*26 295,642 175,776 174,844 113,638 76,061 107,104 60,132 64,493 58,688 67,918 40,437 766,644 1,048,713 749,918 387,260 170,608 143,237 217,033 288,910 249,145 265,693 66,305 73,131 54,884 28,747 9, 364 7,237 10,397 10,009 12,207 10,503 10,589 25,687 15,7G7 47,051 40,331 28,100 38,495 27,389 63,058 51,692 34,860 54,183 35,283 1,450 ............. 950 2,5G2 2,347 1,490 1,007 1,222 ................... 2,508 .................... ............. 2,191 1,312 1,797 1,091 Dee. 81-- 1887.................... 1888.................... 1889.................... 3891.................... 1892.................... . 1893.................... 1894.................... 1895................... 1806.................. 1897................... 1898................... 1901................... 1903................... 786,654 801,320 627,900 661,694 712,196 718,228 744,838 686,490 790,480 1,897,892 1,183,638 1,101,829 600,739 683,409 456,872 384,673 506,423 463,284 57,340 58,602 49,903 66, 876 67,669 40, 773 40,032 34,115 40,939 79,887 62,409 48,988 21,334 30,212 28,3G6 21,226 25,320 21,696 697,247 371,299 629,666 622,026 460,402 651,677 812,703 854,982 947,873 1,764,274 1,643,262 1,386,070 682, 449 776,197 549,651 485, 467 ],075,839 1,162,715 23,038 16,056 23,684 24,400 20, 718 23,807 28,443 27,349 29,064 63,139 47,460 4fi,992 26, 780 30,479 25,532 19.370 37,383 40, RIG 51,109 35,908 62,211 41,230 48, 2H3 94,686 66,737 42,682 38,595 97,067 61,050 60,984 66, 117 65,127 77,314 49,306 83,1)5 42,756 ],831 1,302 2, 248 1,412 2,116 3, I0H 1,811 j, 310 1,064 2,812 1,615 1 93) 2,021 3,014 2, 862 1,873 2, 908 1,464 1,409,601 1,385,828 1,380,46-1 1,689,367 1,359,651 1,480,042 795,116 1,141,387 1,068,793 977,044 907,494 766,742 foil,133 61,360 58,614 GG, 492 61,077 07,549 37,746 08,142 Gl, 886 62,409 49,000 86,407 MINERAL PAINTS. ZINC WHITE. As was stated under the head of white lead, ther erable work done in experimenting as to the actual as a pigment in competition with white lead, and the resulted in showing that zinc white can be used sa petition with white lead. As has already been sta also (he advantage of the fact that in its manufactu not subject to any poisonous fumes as they are in t white lead, the production of zinc white has inc the last ten years, and during 1903 it amounted to < . vallicd at $4,801,7.18, as compared witli 52,730 sh $4,023,299, in 1902, an increase of 10,232 short to of $778,419 in value. The following table gives the production of zinc I fiom 1880 to 1903, inclusive, and illustrates the co the manufacture of this pigment: Production of zinc white, 1880-190$. Y car. 1880.. 1881., 188'2.. I8:l.. 1U.. 18H.1.. . JS87.. 188.8.. 18fi!l.. 18011.. 1801.. Quantity. Short tons. 10,107 10,000 * 10,000 12,000 13.000 15.000 18.000 18,000 20,000 16,070 23,700 8763, 700, 700, 840, 910, 1,050, 1,440/ 1.440, 1,600/ 1,367, 1,600,1 1,600/ Year. 1892. 1893. 189-1.. 1895.. 1806.. 1897.. 1898.. 181)9.. 1900.. 1901.. 1W2.. 1903.. " IMPORTS. Theie continues to be a considerable import of zi United States each year, but it represents but a sm the total quantity of this pigment consumed. During of zinc oxide were: Dry, 3,487,042 pounds; in oil, total, 3,653,076 pounds, as compared with dry, 3,27 oil, 163,081 pounds; total, 3,434,466 pounds in 190 1903 of 218,610 pounds, or about 6 per cent over the 1110 MINERAL RESOURCES. The following table shows the quantity of zinc white, dry, and in oil, imported into the United States since 1885. Imports of zinc oxide (dry and in oil), 1836-1903. Year ending-- Dry. In oil. Year ending-- Dry. In oil. Total value. Pound*. Pound*. 98,566 Dec. 31- 8,636,289 4,961,080 1,401,3-12 2,686,801 2,631,466 2,839,361 1893................................... 8,900,749 79,788 123,216 61,985 66,240 102,298 128,140 111,190 254,807 Dre. 81 -- 1894................... 1896................... 1897................... 1898.................. 1899................... 1900................... 1901................... 1902.................. 1903................... J'ound*. 3,371,292 4,646,049 4,672,781 6,664,763 3,342,235 3,012,709 2,616,808 3,199,778 3,271,386 8,487,042 Pound*. 59,291 129,343 311,023 502,367 27,060 41,699 38,706 128,198 163,081 166,034 $122,690 163,641 161,188 206,636 130,039 172,369 142,395 166,908 167,084 188,494 In addition to the imports given in the preceding table there were imported during 1903,1,129,805 pounds of white sulphide of zinc, valued at $33,077. Zincsulphide is known commercially as lithopone. ASBESTOS. By Jo s e ph Hy d e Pr a t t . INTRODUCTION. In previous reports on the subject of asbestos det have been given of the two minerals which form th mercial asbestos, tho chrysotile and tho amphibolo v have been compared as to their relative market value for them. The American localities for both these va have also been described somewhat at length. In th therefore, theso points are only touched upon, w asbestos and the origin of the chrysotile variety a in detail. The demand for the chrysotile asbestos is still incre for the amphibole is only just holding its own. It cheapness with which the amphibole asbestos can be factured and because of the scarcity of the chrysotile the small demand for the inferior amphibole asbestos OCCURRENCE AND UOCALITII5 Tho amphibole asbestos, which is usually found in tose rocks, either in pockets or in well-defined vein quantity and forms such a very high percentage of th is removed in mining or quarrying it, that its cost p is very low. On the other hand, the chrysotile variet found in'serpentine rocks, does not occur in any re tion, but as seams of varying width which pinch out times clustering together and again occurring spar necessary to mine from 30 to 90 tons of tho rock to the asbestos. The heat-resisting properties of both of asbestos is approximately the same, so that when of the asbestos is the only quality desired the amphib give as good satisfaction as tho chrysotile, but whe fiber as well as nohconductivity of heat is desired, the is the only one that can bo used satisfactorily.