Document 2Jbbm14VXwYeXByjD2zM7xdb
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Asbestos Exposure, Smoking, and Neoplasia
In'hig ] Sclikoll, MD; . Citylei Hammond, ScD: and Jacob Churg, MD
Asbestos insulation workers, as a group, have a high due to chance, the number of such deaths being
risk of dying of bronchogenic carcinoma (about seven or small. During the latter part of the study, we ob
eight times expected). We have observed 370 such work tained information on the smoking habits of most
men from Jan 1, 1963 to April 30, 1967. Our findings of the survivors, but we could not obtain reliable
indicate that asbestos exposure alone is not the entire information on the smoking habits of those who
explanation. Of 87 noncigarette smokers, none died of had died at an earlier date. Therefore, we could
bronchogenic carcinoma. Of 283 workmen with a history not at that time investigate death rates in rela
of regular cigarette smoking, 24 died of bronchogenic tion to smoking habits and exposure to asbestos
carcinoma, although only three were expected to die of dust which were considered both separately and
this disease. Calculations suggest that asbestos workers jointly.
who smoke have about 92 times the risk of dying of
There is abundant evidence that cigarette smok
bronchogenic carcinoma as men who neither work with ing leads to a high rate of death from lung cancer
asbestos nor smoke cigarettes. We conclude that asbestos in the absence of occupational exposure to asbestos
exposure should be minimized, that asbestos workers who dust.*' Our findings outlined above suggested (but
do not smoke should never start, and that those now did not prove) that exposure to asbestos dust may
smoking should stop immediately.
lead to a high rate of death from lung cancer in
the absence of cigarette smoking. If the latter be
n 1964, we reported on deaths occurring between so, then the combined effect of both types of ex
I Jan 1, 1943, and Dec 31, 1962, among 632 posure might or might not be equal to or greater members of the International Association of Heat than the sum of the two effects. On the other hand,
and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers.* All it was possible that exposure to asbestos dust in
of these men had been occupationally exposed to creases the risk of lung cancer among cigarette
asbestos dust for many years. Their death rate smokers but does not lead to lung cancer among
from lung cancer was found to be 6.8 times as high nonsmokers.
as that reported for the general white male popu
The present study was undertaken primarily
lation of the United States during the same years, to investigate these possibilities. In addition, we
with age taken into consideration. Three of the men died of diffuse pleural mesothelioma and one
wished to obtain more information on the occur rence of mesothelioma and gastrointestinal cancer
died of a neoplasm histologically suggestive of peri among asbestos workers. -
toneal mesothelioma. This was of interest since mesothelioma is a very rare disease in the general
Material
population but is reported to be associated with
From records of New York Local 12 and Newark,
exposure to asbestos dust." In addition, their death NJ, Local 32 of the International Association of
rate from cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers,
was higher than expected; but this may have been a list was made of every man who was a member
From (he Deportment 0( Community Medicine. Mount Sinai School of Medicine iDrs. SelikoS anri'Churg). and the Depart
of either one of these locals on Dec 31, 1942, or who joined between that date and Dec 31, 1962.
ment of Epidemiology and Slatistics. American Cancer Socielv I Dr. Hammond), New York.
Read before a joint meeting of the Section on Diseases of the Chest with the Section on Preventive Medicine and the American
No one was omitted regardless of his subsequent work history.
Personnel data from union records indicated that
College of Chest Physicians at the 116lh annual convention of the American Medical Association. Atlantic City. NJ, June 19 1967
Reprint requests to Mount Sinai School of Medicine.' 100th
of the 632 on the union rolls on Jan 1, 1943, 339 of the men had first been occupationally exposed
Street and Filth Avenue. New York 10029 tDr. Selikofl).
to asbestos dutft prior to 1922, and an- additional
104 P AMA. April 8. 1968 Vol 204. No 2
FOS 0009337
SCF-FA-6090
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