Document 2JYEjpBL2rYy4pr2b6MDzY2rb
ARY26-0063
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DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF MULTI-CITY STUDY
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submitted to
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3M Environmental Laboratory
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935 Bush Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55144
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submitted by
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Marcia Nishioka, MS and Warren Strauss, MS
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AtmospherSitactiSsctiiecnscaensdaDnadtAapApnlaileydsiTsecDhenpoalrotgmyenDtepartment
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BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE 505 King Avenue
Columbus, OH 43201
May 1,2000
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0GCZ3S0
Purpose
fluorocThehmeicMaulltcio-mCiptoyunstdusdyinwtahsedeensviigrnoendmetnoto,butapitnakpereilnitomifnoaordysdaantadapbroeustendciespienrsion of drersiunlktifnrgowmattehri,s atynpdetoofudnidsepresrstiaonnd. the potential sourcesofhuman exposures that might
Methodology
levels, t"eTshtehtyyppoetshoefsessamapbloeuts stehactonwdoaurlydpboeinnteseoduerdcetso (ecs.tga.b,lliasnhdfbialslesliannedePnvOiTroWnmpelnanttasl) eannvdidriosnpmeernstiaoln dviisapaeirrsaionndawraetelri,staedndindTeatbelremi1n.e Twhheestehesramhpulmeasnenexcpoomspuarsess vraesruilotusfrtoympes osafmwpalteesrfarnodmftohoedesnavmiprloensm,evnatrailoursesteyrpveoisorsfofsasmepdliemsenftrsomansdecaiorn.dary sources, and
accordiTnhgetsoeassatmatpilsetiscaalredebseiignngacnodllseeclteecdtifornopmrodcievsesr.seAcictiaesse//tcoownntsro(lcisttiuesd)yodfetshiegnUwSas
pseolweecrteadnfdorstahmipslienvseiszteiginatiidoenntbiefcyaiunsgetrtheinsdsdeasnidgndrisawgiennegrcaolnlcyleufsfiiocnise.nt Fwoirththreesppuercptosteos.
ofthis study, the producer or user
otfes3t Mcasfelugorrooucphecmoincsailstcsoofmptohuosnedscitsiiensceth1a9t9a3r.e
known to have a The test control
major group.
consistsofcities that do not have a major producer or userof3M fluorochemical
creosmppecotuntodspo(psuilnacteio1n99s3i)z,eaannddexdhriinbkiitngsiwmaitlearrcshoaurraccetetryipset.ics as the case study cities with
about th"eThreolceaosfe/cpornitmraorlydaensidgsnewcaonsdaalrsyossoeulreccetsedwbitehcaruessepeocftittos atbhielilteyvetlostoesft hypotheses
sfoluurocreoschaermeitchaolsceommapnoufuancdtsurmienagsuorpeerdatinitonhseaesnsvoicrioantmedenwtiatlhapnrdodfuocotdiomnedainad./orPruismeaorfy3M
Sfleucoornodcahreymiscoaulrcceosmpexoiusntdisn.allPcriitmiaesroyfstohuercUeSs.doSencotonedxaisrtysionuarllcecsitaireseofthtehePOUST.W and.
ilannddufsitlrly,opreersaitdieonncsesthaantdrebcuesiivneesfsleuso,raocnhdemdiisccahlacrogmepaoufrnadc-tcioonnotfatihnaitngrewcaesitveedf.rAom
ssuercfoancdeawraytfearctoorr girnohuunmdawnateerx.posTuhreepirsetsheenncaetourreaobfstehnceeodrfifnlkuionrgowcahteemricsaolurcceo-mpwhoeutnhdesr in
`ground water could provide additional information about migrationofthese chemicals
through soil from based on primary
point sources. For ths study, then, sources and drinking water type.
a
2
x
2
matrix
of
cities
was
needed,
`were tho`Tsheewiintithiatlhesehliegchteisotnof3tMesftlucoarsoechcietmiiecsawlapsroadpuocotlioofn3/u0secvitoielsu.meThine 1f9ir9s7t.2T6hceities r`Tehmeai3n0icnigtifeosucrocvietrieesdwethreemacjhoorsietnyoafs o3nMesbwuistihnegsesnearpapllilcyaltioownesr,uisnecsloufdfilnugocraorcpheetmsi,cpaalpse.r, `tegxrtoiulneds,waaptpearreals,darnidnkfilnugowraotcehre,miacnadls1p5ruosduecdtsiuornf.acOeftwhaete3r0fotresdtrcianskeincgitiweast,er1.5 used
0CLo1
2
fluorochTehmeic3a0lccitoimespowuenredsfuurstehderidni1v9i9de7dtoonthtehecibtays'isspoofptuhlaetiraotni.ooOfnthtehepboausnidsosfotfh3isM
(rfatoiro,eatchhe w1a5tceirtiteysopef)e,aacnhd dweastiegrnasotuerdcaesteyiptehweearre"hfiugrht"h,er"mdievdiiduemd"i,ntoor3"lgorwo"uprsaotfio ofcach
pfrliumoraorcyhaenmidcsaelcsotnodpaorpyulsaotuirocne.s,Tihniassrmautciho waisllthbeesuosuerdcetostarsesnegstshotfhesreeclaotnidvaereyffseocutrscoefs is
usually population driven. is listed in Table 2.
The
division of the
30
test case
cities
among these
categories
surface `wTahteesrtiusdtywdiecseiagsn pcraelvlaedlefntoaras fgirnaolunsedlewcattieorno(finstihxe tUesSt)caassethcietiseosu.rcBeecoafudsreinking
bweaitnegr sfuorrfcaictieesw,attheer scealseecstiaonndofttwhoebesiixngcigtireosuwnadswastimeirlcaarsleysw.eWiigthhtiend etahucsh,owfitthhefhoiugrhcities
rraatniodoamndsemleecdtiiounm,
ratio with
cities, the final the probability
selectionofcities of choosinag city
wbietihnignwceaicghhtseudbgbryotuhpewas
a
population size.
six studSyicxitcioenst.roElaccihticeosnwtreorlectihteynwroaunlddohmalvyecthhoessenamteo rweasteemrbsloeurthceecthyapreacatnedristicsofthe saipmpirloaxripmoaptuellaytithoenssiazmees bpeoptuwleaetniotnheasstiutsdycoarnrdescpoontnrdoilnggrsotuupdsy,ccoiutnytpeorppaurlta.tiTonosewnesruere 2se5p0a0r0a-t5e0d0i0n0t,o 5th0e00fo0l-l1o0w0in0g0,caatengdorgireesa:te0r-t1h0a0n0,1010000000-.500Ci0t,ie5s00f0r-o1m0t0h0e0,19190000U0.-S2.5000, sCoeunrscues, rBeugrieoanuodfatthaefcioleunwterrye, saenpdarpaotpeudlaitnitoon.sixSedivsetrianlctpogtreonutpiaslfcoornctarcolh csittuidesy wcietrye's water prraondduocmilnygcchitoiseesnafndroamccoamcphatsiubblgerowautpetroseonusrucreettyhpee.miTnhiemfuirmstdciisttyanwcietohf5th0e cmoirlreecstfwraotmer psrooubracbeiltiytpyeoanfad pmairtniicumluamr cdiitsytbaenicengwpaisckcehdosveanriaesstwhheecnorurseisnpgotnhdiisnmgectohnotdr.ol Fciotry.exTahmeple ihfatdhaere1 winer2e5 2c5hacnictieesofinbethiengcopnitcrkoeld.citIyfptohpatulcaittiyofna,iltehdentotmheeeftirstthceictryitcehroias,enthweonutlhde nheaxvte city chosen would have a 1 in 24 chanceofbeing picked, and so on. EnvironCmietnytawlatPerrostoeucrtcieosn,AegietnhecrygOrfofuincde oorf sGurrofaucnedwWataetre,rawenrdeDdreitnekrimnigneWdatferromwetbhseiUt.eS. a(hntytpc:i/t/yswuwswi.negpao.rgporvoidoucgiwndgw)f.luoIrnoacdhdeimtiicoan,l ecaocmhpocounntdrso.l cDitiystwaansceastbleeatswte5e0nmciitlieess fwreorme rcaelgciuolnaotfesdtaattehsitwpi:t/h/swiwmwiilnadroa.tctormib/udtiess.tanTchee.seCroengtiroonlscairtieedsiwsetrinegaulissohecdhbosyetnhefrUoSmEaPA at chointtpa:i/n/iwnwgw.alclpaci,tgioevs/ienptshheomUen/iltoecdatStea2tehstma.ndAthfeiilre 1f9r9o0m ptohpeuUl.aSt.ioCnesnwsauss dBouwrnelauoaded wferroem cthheosCeennshuutsp:B/u/rfe.aceunwsuesb.sgiotve/fatnpd/puusbeldtiagsert/htemsli/sgtafzreotimcewrh/ipclhacpeost.eznitpial control cities
3
6Czo2
control Tcihteiets)wealrevelicsitteidesintoTcaobmlper3i. seThtheesMiuxltteis-tCciittyiesstruedpyre(sseinxttetswtostcuadsyesociftcieasrapnedtsix finlduuosrtorcyhefmliucoarlocuhseemi(cMaolbiulsee a(nDdalKtaounkaanudnaP)e,nsoanceoolaf)a,ptpwaroeclasaensdotfexptaipleerfliunodruoscthryemical use s(Sapmaprltianngbuwrags),caonndduocnteedmaantutfharceteupraiinrgsopfrcoidtiuecsti(osnixsictieti(eDse)c:atur). The first round of
Pensacola, FL and Port St. Lucie, FL Mobile, AL and Columbus, GA
Decatur, AL and Cleveland, TN
(TMhoebitlher)e,e atensdt cmiatneusfarceptruersienngt(tDheecatthurree).maTjhoer i3niMtiablusrionuensdseosf:scaamrppeltisng(Piennstahceosleas)i,xpcaiptieers fisorexthpiescgteeodgtroapfhoircmraegcioomnp,aacntdpcilaontbsetuudsyedfoarsdtehfeinbiansgisapfporrodxeivmealtoepienngviarnodntmeesnttiangl fluervtehlesr hypotheses.
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Table 1. Sample media to be collected in each city
-- Urban air
TMatarixx
Drinking water plant intake Drinking water plant outflow Tap water at retail establishments
SSuerdfiamceentwaatsesroc(iuaptsetdrweiatmohfsdurrifnackeinwgatwearter plant) FSiusrhfaactesmurofnaocleawyaetreartcsoulrlfeaccteiownastietre collection site
POTW influent (only post chlorination) POTW sludge POTW effluent
Landfill leachate
FooGdrofurnomd b3eleofc:alhiggrhocfeatry store chains Pork- moderate fat Chicken- low fat Hot dogs- beeffpork mixture EgReggsional fish Milk
Bread-white Green beans Apples- fresh Organic bread or flour
QQuuaannttiittyy ppeerrssaammppllee Re_pRlepilciacatteess
12hrat 250 Limin
1
iL iL
3 3
iL
3
IL
3
200g
3
IL
3
As available
210
iL
3
200g
1
nL
3
IL
3
1b
3
2 chops
3
2 breasts
3
1 package
3
0.5-11b
3
% dozen
3
1 quart 1 loaf
3 3
1 package
3
2
3
BY
1
5
00291
pToapbullea2t.ioPnottoenitnidaulstTreisatlSutsuedoyfc3itMiesf,lcuaotreogcohreimziecdalbycowamtpeorunsodusrc(eFCa)nd ratio of
Water
Source
Ground
Surface ----
run
Group
OV
J
0 Sods Used Senevs
Cordova
[a
Parchment MI
Hh Riegelwood NC
Rittman
oH
Pensacola FL
St Francisvile LA
Rhinelander WI
Middle prairie du Chien WI
Kaukouna Wi
Eknert
IN
Miford
No
Walpole
mA
Low Devers
TM
Norco
a
TexasCity TX
Dalton
GA
Jay
ME
Hh social Cicle GA
PortHuon MI
Decatur
AL
Augusta
GA
Spartanburg SC
Middle Mobile
AL
Lumberton NC
Rochester NH
Greensbos NC
Ero
PA
Low Miwaskee WI
Philadelphia PA
LLiinnddeenn NNJS
295,000 14,000 133,000 1128000 25,000 87,000 48,270 54,000 8460 21.000 18,000 8525 as128 697 2700000 223,000 36,000 68,000 2452 82062 40,488 175458 14,100 12,000 29615 14,000 61,065 40,000 2211687755
638 1.958 500 6,147 58,165 1.700 7,427 5.659 11,982 43,627 15,990 20.212 318 3,385 40820 21761 5.080 2.755 ees 48,761 44,639 43.467 196278 18,601 2663 183521 108718 628088 1585577 3366.770011
Rao (ChEoseTn
= os 150.66 2.9 2800 07 2160 91 19.39 6.3 147 24 no 106 853 80 481 17.0 186 620 131 198 089 250 017 oa 013 42 002 508 12608 19.4 4390 as 1307 25 202 30.1 190 43s 184 135 093 132 089 595 076 56 045 sa ots 7.2 013 43 0.10 247 003 624 000011 114.4
6
00295
Table 3. Final selectionof Test Study and Control Cities
Waorsoues 050 sugyontol ciy
swe paces
Gran
on
Say pe
we
Cot onstuuce ne
ET) sos
as
sur
kana w
aw
Cod engeuoos on
re
ont sur oan
EY ae
Cod ome TM 52
sts
Honz Susy ear Gone Govera
a TM
wer sis
ade
Susy
ae
a mam
Goer Cams o msn
--_-- Omd wmow ee Middle 2
Study
Spartanburg
sc
Control
`Bowling Green
KY
43467 40841
00296