Document 2JD6ddDEgvZmwmZ2qLBxo3n9b

;y.T v.V VOLUME TWENTY-FOUR . H-u : < & m > - - ! V - '. M d ^. * >/? a `,V . # r 7 ., - v* K 1960 NUMBER FOUR : <-.y !< *v;.t' /. 0;;'- jty* ' A\ K' O #%> `Off ^VlWi L* HSS, the Navy.j ,,ew all-weather anti-Submarine helicopter developed by Sikor.ky Aircraft, relle. on leadTeflon powder bearing, for dependable low maintenance operation under tough cond.tlon.. (See page ) Lead ielluride units at center use waste heat to generate the electric power for the fan af this gas-fired space heater. 'ptee ATHERMOELECTRIC POWEl FOR YOUR HOME If you are impressed hv the size of your winter fuel hills for home heat ing. it may he no consolation to know that about a quarter of the heat vou pay for goes up the stack unused. But vou should be interested in a new de velopment by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. .Now 3M s is readv to bring out several thermoelectric generators that convert some of this waste heat directly to electrical power. Key to the new development is the lead telluride seminietal element. This material behaves much like the well known thermocouple. \\ hen it is heated while in contact with another metal, a voltage difference is gener ated between them and current can be made to flow. The two big differences between a lead telluride thermoelec tric generator and the thermocouple are that really sizeable currents are now available and conversion efficien cies are twenty times better than ther mocouples' -- and still going up! Still experimental, the first complete space heater unit to make use of the free power of waste heat is pictured above. The louvered panel near the bottom conceals an air intake fan. Cool air is drawn in and forced past the lead telluride units visible through the glass at center. In cooling them (the back ends of the units are mounted directlv to the wall of the enclosed combustion chamber) the air is heated. Finally, the hot air i 130T I is forced out through the top grill. Power for the fan comes from the thermoelectric units -- no line power is required. In a conv entional home heating unit, the elements would be located in the flue and might be used to power a fan or circulating pump. Because the heat transfer from a liquid is always better than that from a gas. lead tel- Four tiny "refrigerators" visible in the center of this fluorescent fixture use the thermoelectric principle to boost light output 72 per cent. luride generators would he even more effective in a hot water heater. \\ hile domestic heating appears to be a huge field for the new devices, there are plenty of other applications being tried. The SNAP III satellite power unit is of this type. The military is interested in more prosaic jobs. too. Harbor buoys and shore lights for navigation are to make use of it. One gas company in northern Illi nois is tapping off a small flow of gas from the main to power a thermoelec tric generator which, in turn, powers a cathodic protection system to pre vent corrosion of the main. Part of the economic attractiveness of this ar rangement is that power is available anywhere the gas main goes without stringing electric lines to it. Thermo electric units of this type are about the same in cost as rectifying equip ment needed for impressed current power. One other fiiip performed deftly by the lead telluride units: if an electric current is fed to the thermoelectric unit in the right direction, the unit can become a miniature refrigerator. A current application of this cooling magic is in keeping mercury vapor pressure from climbing inside fluo rescent lighting tubes as they heat in service. Light output is increased as much as 72 per cent. A NEW APPROACH- With Porcelain Enameled Aluminum America's financial community is witnessing a change from the tradi tional canyonesque architecture of lower Manhattan. The Chase Manhat tan Rank Building, one of the major new architectural landmarks in New Turk City. in a nevv departure from the crowded buildings of the area has had open space designed into its struc ture. In line with this break with an old tradition, porcelain enameled alu minum. one of the newer traditions of architecture, has been specified for the spandrel areas of the outer skin. The plaza is scheduled for comple tion in 1963. Customers using the pub lic hanking floor located immediately below the plaza will have a refreshing view of the sunken pool and a garden while conducting their business. The building's outer skin consists largely of glass -- 7-ft. high windows were used -- with porcelain enameled aluminum spandrel panels and narrow' vertical strips (mullions) of natural finished aluminum anodized for pro tection against the weather. "Tin can ning." a defect of some of the early curtain wall buildings is avoided here bv the use of a matte black lead-bear ing porcelain enamel 135 to 50 per cent gloss). "Tin canning' is the ar chitect's term describing the reflection of the surrounding buildings off glossy walls. Skidmore. Owings & Merrill, the building's architects, ascribe several advantages to the use of porcelain enameled aluminum. The lead bearing finish has great durability to weather. Harsh New York winters, hot summer sun and corrosive atmospheres will not fade or damage the finish even after many years of service. Even rain is a bath for the building too because dirt won't adhere to the glaswindows or to the glass-like porcelain enamel surface. The high corrosion resistance of the aluminum itself adds to its durability. Even if there are slight imperfections in the porcelain enamel coating, no rust or unslightly streaking will de velop. The lead bearing porcelain enamels are fired at low temperatures so there is no danger of warping of the panels either. The Chase Manhattan Building ex tends downward as well as towards the skv. Five levels reaching to 90 feet below the surface have been built. The largest bank vault in the world, encased in thirty inch walls of heavilv reinforced concrete, occupies the low est level. COMPUTER'S BRAIN CELL A six-cryotron circuit of tin and lead vaporized and de posited as thin films on glass has been developed as a miniaturized electronic switch by scientists at Arthur D. little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Using superconductivity, these devices are expected to make possible drastic reduc tions in computer construction costs. LIA26222 --- O --- vnr Oe /kiss" i ton OILLESS BEARINGS cut helicopter maintenance 0<J th* din Maintenance free bearings--alwav# an objective of engineers -- have been desisrned into the Navy's super twinturbine HSS-2 helicopter built bv Si korsky Aircraft. A new member of the illustrious family of lead bearings is doing the trick here. Called DU*, these bearings can withstand a wide range of tough oper ating conditions and thev need no lubrication. Developed in Great Brit ain bv Glacier Metal Co., thev consist of lead and T.F.E. fluorocarbon (Teflon) powder# impregnated into a sintered bronze matrix. A steel back ing provides strength. DL hearings are exclusively marketed in the LSA In the Special Products Department of Garlock Inc.. Camden. N. J. The HSS-2 helicopter is designed for anti-submarine service-- a tough job demanding a high performance aircraft that requires minimum main tenance. In the helicopter's rotor huh. the critical damper assemblies damp anv blade motion about the lag hinges avoiding damaging vibration levels. Bearings in this assembly are subject to heavy loads, shock, vibration, in termittent motion and a corrosive en vironment. Historically, bronze or anti-friction bearings were used. By replacing these with DU, Sikorsky eliminated 10 grease fittings which would have re quired daily lubrication.The DU bear ings will require no lubrication during the service life of the rotor hub. Al- `Engineeringese contraction o( the more jocular "damned ultimate." (lough relatively new to this countrv. DL bearings hav e been used in Europe for several years. (Jualitv cars like the British Humber Hawk. Aston Martin and Jaguar have specified DL in a number of applications. Manufacturers of trucks and other commercial vehicleswhere mainte nance costs are important and time lost in the repair shop is monev not earned have made good use of re liable DL bearings. Sweden's Scania \ abis is un>j of the major users of DL in this field. Low maintenance, long service life and excellent performance over a wide range of operating con ditions are the reasons. The coefficient of friction range is similar to what would be expected from conventional oil lubricated bear ings. It varies from 0.04 at high loads and low speeds to around 0.16 at frac tional loads and high speeds. Design parameters have been established re lating bearing pressure and sliding velocity for long term operation. Loadvelocitv constants (kl are given in the table for 1.000 and 10.000 hours service life for: Thrust bearings Slides and general bearings With unidirectional loads (load fixed relative to bushing) With rotating load l load rotating relative to the hushing) With fixed load and oscillating shaft LIA26223 DL hearings have operated suc cessfully over the temperature range -4.50'F. to 536"F. Even rapid, wide temperature changes do not reduce performance. Jet engine and furnace manufacturers have made good use of this characteristic. Operation in dust or dirt laden at mospheres has generally posed no problem either. Dirt is not desirable, of course, hut except in the odd occasions where bearing clearances were com pletely blocked, presence of free float ing dirt particles in the bearing has had no detectable effect on perform ance. DL bearings are in trouble free service exposed to abrasive cement, concrete mix and other dirt laden at mospheres. LOAD VELOCITY CONSTANTS Thrust bearings, Slides (a) With unidirectional loads (load fixed relative to bushing) (b) With rotating loads (load rotating relative to bush) (c) With fixed load and oscil lating shaft Mild Stec etc.* ; 1,000 1 0,000 hours hours 25.000 12,000 12.000 6,000 16,000 12,000 | 25.000 19,000 30.000 23,000 `These figures apply also to cast iron, austenitic s' aluminum and to mild steel electroplated with . with nickel. Now you can AAMTetTTHE BIRDIE! Designed as a one-man golf cart, the Birdie is finding increasing use in and around in dustrial plants. It carries a man and his tools economically at speeds of five or six miles an hour. It takes 30 grades in stride. Best of all. the `'fuel" for the Birdie is the standard 110 volt electrical outlet, for it is battery powered and contains its own charger. The lead-acid batteries that power the vehicle are intermediate between standard automotive types and the larger industrial units. They will furnish 100 amperes, at 12 volts, over an eighthour shift, according to the manufacturer. This means that the Birdie can be used to carrv ANTS = K xi Hard Steel [ 540 Brinell 0 1,000 10,000 hours hours 30.000 15,000 13.000 7,000 25.000 19,000 30.000 24,000 33.000 24,000 Jinlns steel, anodised f id, with cadmium or Photomicrographs of DU before (above) and after "bedding in." LIA26224 --o-- a heavy driver and about 100 pounds of addi tional load for all the travel he normally en counters in eight hours. Since the charger is built in, it is a simple matter to plug the car in at the end of a shift. The 6 amp charger has it ready to go over night. For round the clock operation, batteries can be changed -- they are mounted with wing nuts. Current industrial users include plant main tenance men, superintendents, and executives. In one large plant the mail boys drive these vehicles and average about 14 miles a day. A new model of the Birdie, soon to be in production, has a rear-mounted bin -- like a pick-up truck. Like the present model it can be equipped with a trailer. Price on the new model has not been announced but the present car costs less than .$400 f.o.b. the Birdie Com pany plant in Summit, N. J. *e /v V ISM USE LEAD TO STOP NOISE WEIGHT BLOCKS SOUND Copies of "Improved Sound Barriers Employ ing Lead" are available. The 12-page report furnishes detailed information about the ideas presented here and also provides data and calculation methods for estimating sound isolating performance of many common materials. LIMPNESS BLOCKS SOUND Silence mav lie golden, but lead looks like the best practical materia! to confine noises. Because it is hcav\ and limp, it shows the highest "quiet ing" performance of am common building material. Mass and limpness are the two key criteria for a sound barrier. Lead approaches the ideal in combining these. According to the recently published engineering report, `"Improved Sound Barriers Employing Lead." based on studies by the well-known acoustical consulting firm of Bolt. Beranek and Newman, a sheet of lead foil about 0.008 in. thick is as effective as in. of pKwood in stopping sound transmission. Lead Vi in. thick is as effective as a two-course brick wall 8 in. thick. In manv cases the reduction of wall thickness and weight which can he achieved bv using lead in place of con ventional materials will easily pav for the added cost of the lead. For example, if a brick wall o in. thick is replaced bv a wall 2 in. thick i 1 i in. of lead plus framing l the 6 inches of saved wall thickness are worth about $7.50 per linear foot of wall, based on today's average build ing costs of about $15 per square foot. And the weight reduction -- the brick wall weighs about 104 lb sq ft. the lead wall about 16 -- of nearlv 90 lb sq ft. amounts to about 900 lb. per running foot in a wall 10 ft. High. This means that lighter framing and foundations can be used and that longer spans between bearing walls are possible. The technique of using lead for such soundproofing is quite simple. It can be cut with a saw. shears, or a knife, bent to fit contours, and painted with conventional oil paints. The report suggests several interest ing specific uses. Lead "wallpaper'' is one of these. As little as Vs in. of lead (or leaded cloth or plastic I surfacing on each side of acoustically substandard walls will provide a significant increase in sound isolation. Door facings of sheet lead over wooden pane! doors in ,,(q buildings not only achieve the, modern flush door look but can assure privacy in professional offices of doctors, law v ers, and others. Lead laminated to sheet metal or other materials is an obvious choice for machinery enclosures. Lead tape and leaded plastic sheet can be used to improve existing enclosures for noisv machines. For extreme cases, a high transmission loss panel made up of vinyl film. Vs in. sheet lead. 3 in. of low density Fiberglass, another lead sheet and a final vinyl film has such excellent predicted performance that it is recommended for jet engine test cells. Lead hacking for acoustical tile appears to be a practical way of pre venting noise from penetrating the tile to "bounce" off high ceilings into ad jacent rooms where false ceilings of tile are used. LIMP WEIGHT SAVES SPACE Ll NEW TANK LINING METHODS BOON TO COPPER REFINERY View of one tank bay at the new Kennecott copper refiner' ys?* new 16.300 ton per month refinerv built for Kennecott rSETn. Corporation in Anne ArunImU County, Md.. by the M. W. Kellogg ^Compwy is- in dself. a model of opefficiency and modern practice. 1ft not surprising, therefore, that new. . -)p>rI.i;>jd techniques were used in iHftMing and lining with lead the 1.172 "'loncretc electrohlic tanks that form ^ie heart of the pul itv-refming opera- lion. ; ,.Two departures from normal pracjfcg paid handsomely in time saved F ` jn parintr construction crists. One cf these was pre-casting the concrete f; ijnlu at the rate of 20 per day and 1 moving them into the plant with a >traddle carrier. The other was divijion of the lead lining work into three treis of specialization so that linings, too, could be turned out on a mass production basis. I'sualk. lead lining work is done In an experienced crew which does the layout, forming, cutting, and lead burning on each tank. The novel ap proach used by Knapp Mills. Incor- A f#w of the tanks awaiting drain con nections. Note the smooth end surfaces. [jVTA' porated of Long Island City, N. Y., subcontractors on the Kennecott job. employed three crews -- A layout crew who measured and cut all the sheet lead for all tanks A brake crew who, right on the site, turned out thousands of "inter changeable parts" of the tank lin ings And finallv a crew of lead burners who installed, fashioned and welded the lead linings in place. Normally, a lead lining job of this size could be expected to take 217 working days. The streamlined oper ation used at Kennecott accomplished it in exactly 127 working days. Contrast the contruction methods shown in the drawings. Note that the new method makes use of pieces of formed sheet lead which have all bends parallel to one another. These are easik made on a brake. Also note that the new method enables linings to he installed with no hand fitting to the tank. Still another advantage of the new design is the fact that it produces a smooth end wall for the tank. Tanks lined bv the older method inevitably had some roughness and irregularity in the end surface. This improved lining method was so easy to carry out that a crew of 30 men was able to install 18 tons of lead in one day. As the lined tanks, 17'7" x 3'7" x 4'0" complete with drain and filling connections, were completed, a 34.000 lb. straddle carrier took them into the plant and positioned them for piping up. In all. 1173 tons of lead were employed in the lining. Here, lead burners install overflow drains. __7 LIA26226 s rw,. * / V The first 500 . . . homes of the St. Louis Gardens development have been completed and more are being built. Plumbing con tractor Alvin G. Fields, business agent Arthur Fischer and four journeymen plumbers are shown here with a small number of the lead drum traps, vent and waste lines fabricated for the project. Site of the development is just south of Fast St. Louis. Illinois. The builder is Oliver Parks. The display illustrates quite graphi cally one of the uses of lead in plumb ing. .\o matter how intricate the roughing is. it can be prefabricated economically in the shop and installed in a minimum amount of time. And if. upon installation, the measurements are slightly inaccurate it is a simple job with flexible lead to realign the roughing-in when fixtures are installed without having to redo the installation. of Technical Information The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others interested. They are available free of charge except where otherwise indicated, upon request to the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION. 292 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK 17, N\ Y. THE MATERIALS YOU BUY -- LEAD Descriptive information about lead from mine to finished products. Reprinted from "New York Purchasing Review." January, 1959. MATERIALS of CONSTRUCTION REVIEWS Lead and lead alloys in design and construc tion research, engineering and technological applications. With bibliography, 1959, 1958, 1957 and 1956 reviews (editions are not cu mulative) are available. Reprinted from "In dustrial and Engineering Chemistry," Septem ber. 1959, 1958, 1957 and 1956. CORROSION DATA --LEAD & ALLOYS Chart form presentation of the corrosion re sistance of lead and its alloys to 188 common chemical materials over the normal tempera ture range. Reprinted from "Chemical Engi neering." February, 1953. FLASHING WITH HARD LEAD A complete "How-to-do-it" article on the use of hard lead in roofing and flashing. Reprinted from "American Roofer & Siding Contractor," December, 1958. LEAD-ASBESTOS A NTT-VIBRATION PADS Gives specification, drawings, and reviews re cent applications of lead-asbestos anti-vibra tion pads for buildings. LEAD WORK FOR MODERN PLUMBING $2.00 Postpaid, $1.50 per copy in quanti ties of 10 or more. Profusely illustrated with over 140 photo graphs and drawings, the textbook presents clearly to the plumbing student the necessary tools, procedures and the methods required for lead work. LEAD IN MODERN INDUSTRY $1.00 Postpaid A fully illustrated 230 page, cloth bound book describing all phases of the production and use of lead, lead alloys and lead compounds. RED LEAD TECHNICAL LETTERS No. 12 Seven formulations and schedules for painting highway structural steel. No. 13 L.I.A. Formula 9-2. A single Red Lead Primer for Rusted. Weathered or New Galva nized Steel. No. 14 Describes the formulation of red leadcuumarone primer for seawater immersion - ship hulls, fixed marine installations. TRUCK COSTS IN A JIFFY Three nomographs permit estimation of costs for gas or battery powered industrial trucks in two or three minutes. Depreciation, operat ing costs, and maintenance are appraised sep arately for all unusual types of operation. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BULLETINS A series of specifications for the use of lead in building construction. (Available sepa rately.) No. 1 Specifications for Lead Waste Connec tions for Plumbing Fixtures with Integral Traps (Water Closets -- Pedestal Urinals -- Service Sinks). No. 2 Specification for Lead Shower and Safe Pans. No. 3 Specification for Lead Chemical Labora tory Drainage Systems. SEAMLESS TERNE FOR ROOFING Illustrated four-page architectural specifica tion also provides data on strength and weight charaeteristi'-s und plate as roofing. NEW LISTINGS DESIGN ENGINEERING DATA Twelve-page publication summarizes all main lead uses, tabulates data. OILLESS BEARINGS -- HELICOPTERS Reprint from "Design News" shows use of lead-teflon bearings in helicopter. Photos and drawings included. IMPROVED SOUND BARRIERS Twelve-page engineering report with calcula tion methods for sound barriers, data on lead and common building materials. NUCLEAR MATERIALS Eight-page reprint from 'Materials in Design Engineering" inspects current fuels, controls, moderators, reflectors and -hieldirg. 1000 = F BEARINGS Data on dry high-temperature lead oxide bear ings developed by N.A.S.A. Reprinted front 'Materials in Design Engineering." X-RAY DATA --LEAD CERAMICS Detailed examination of X-ray and dilatometric data for four groups of lead salts. Sixpage reprint from "Jour. Amer. Ceramic Sue." LOW LOSS DIELECTRICS Six-page reprint reports on several ceramic systems showing excellent loss behavior as dielectrics. Reprinted from "Jour. Amer. Ceramic Soe." UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTtov* r>F YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. LiA26227 PVI ' FKl N T I 1