Document 224G6Vmr4M33v8VZZnpKRr47

0007-SWP-044029 0007-SWP-000113400 m mmm* Paint Research August, 1953 -20- #177 - Pignut Studies Fuels 12549 - 12558 C ware examined after 4-1/2 years' expo sum at 45 south in Chicago. This is a set of 6* x 12* sold tolled steal panfils on which an evaluation of a stainless steal powder has bean conducted. Other test conditions on this pignut hare beu reported previously. In general, thsss earlier teats showed that atainleee ateel la not a good pig nut in paints that are used In contact with natal sub atratea. Under these conditions thgr tend to accelerate corrosion. Theea Chicsg) exposures serve to oonflxn the earlier findings. The only advantage for stainless steal over aluntnua in surface coatings was observed where severe chanical funes are prevalut. Evu here a good fhenlfwiily resistant vehicle such as vinyl oopolyners and a primer an necessary to realise any buafit In apptMu>ance from the stainlese steel pigiant. Under normal atmospheric conditions aluainun pignanted top coata retain better appearance than stainless stead, pigaented top eoftts. 0007-SWP-044031 msmmiWWPIM W IPU'.-fUl Paint Research September, 19SS -16- 1177 - Plnt Studies The oolor stability and flooding characteristics of a aeri.es of improved da Pont ooppor pbthalocyanlne hlna pigments ara being ccnpared In. a pdneral spirita soluble aliyd Kissel. Bach of tha pigments under study was dispersed in tha bodied linseed (510), sine resinsta (5071) cnufrlnation used in BL 44 Hat Bin. Baaas prepared la this moner aara used to died* factoiy pxo&iced Bax 710 White ftiaaaloid to appnoxlaataly equal color densities. Samples of each snail tint are being stored at toon tempera ture ad at 155 t, to study color and Hooding stability. Initial character!sties and ratings of the pigiants under study follows Pigment TlrvuHefr Tint factor CP 1057 91 575-9 -BT-566-0 BL 262--0 CG 5960 P 125 S-tf Toner Vs7 bad da Pont rylae stable toner Very bad -frr Pont-resin coated toner....... Moderate dn Pont alnetimm bensoate lake Tsiy slight dn Pont 3yliB stabile toner Very bad chi Pant ylm stable toner Very bad 97 96 95 126 94 105 Tint factors repreaat the gras of tint base need to Oade SO ounces of Bex 710 eaanal to the depth of oolor at which the series is being evaluated. Hooding is rated ty observing the extat to which a disturbed area of vet film contrasts with adjacent undisturbed film sur faces. The fresh fUm is disturbed at regilar intervale ty wiping the finger tip gently across the surface during the setting np period. 0007--SWP-044032 0007-SWP-000113402 ;:p* Faint Research April, 1954 -14- #177 - Pim-i*- Stwdiaa A serial of special phthalocymvine blue lakes, MB 1, 2 and 5, has bean submitted by the C. P. Department for flooding aid color stability testing. These vere dispersed in BL 44 type tint base fo mnlatione and used to shade separate samples of BnHaloid White Rex 710 aid Kan do White Rex 51400 to approximately equal color lawtiLs. Shaded epecimmia were stored at roam tanperatuxe and at 155 F. and rated Ibr Hooding after a two month storage period. &umdLe shaded with du Pbnt'a reain coated phtfcalocyaniae blue h T 566-0 served for reference purposes. Km-Glo tints show slightly more Hooding than their Ensmaloid counterparts at both temperatures. Dlffermioea betvemi the various items in this study are insignificant. MB-5 looks bast in Rex 710 at both tem peratures and at 136 F. in Km do. Its performance it equaled by MB-2 at 135 F. in Kem-Glo and excelled by it at room temperature. MB-1 has lost the favored position that it bald at the one month inapection. It is now second best in .the Kem-Glo line thile it aharee top rating vith MB-5 at 135 F. in Enamel old. Comparative flooding ratings are reted from 1 for least, to 4 for the most in the following table! Entmelold Rex 710 Tinted Piaaent 155 F. Storage 75 7. Storage MB-1 MB-2 MB-5 BT 566-0 1 5 1 5 2 3 1 3 Pigment lm SL? 155 F. Storage 75 F. Storage MB-1 MB-2 MB-5 BT 366-0 2 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 Cost differmces would be the most significant factors to consider in a selectire rating of these pigmcntB. Silicone surface treatments failed to improve the dispersibility or decrease the flooding tandmey of phthalocyanine blue CP 1057. Semples of this material were surface treated in four differt manners by the Linde Air Products Comparer. 0007-SWP-044033 0007-SWP-000113403 Paint Reaearcfa April, 196* -15- #177 - Coni. 1. Metiyl silicone oil 2. Ethyl silicone oil 5. Highly polymerised aetlgrl oil gam stock 4. Vinyl triethojy aline EL 44 type tint beees vere prepared fron tbeee materiala ni need to shade feiaaeloid Bex 710 spedoace to a parted hlae. The goa (took treated pigment dispersed vlth greater dlffisalty than regnlar CP 1057. The Hooding characteristics of all treated qrstws mainad ataadard. Panels hara been prepared for exterior expoanres in shioh broatlng will he obeerred. 0007-SWP-044034 0007-SWP-000113404 Paint Research June. 1964 -15- #177 - Pigment Studies A final evaluation of the Hooding characteristic* and color sta bility of a group of phthalecyanine blue laked pigments submitted ty our C. P. Department ahova substantial fading in MB 5 tinted Biamaloid White Rx 710 sod Sm CLo White Rx 51400 after aging 4 months at 155 f. Ro o d temperature stored samplee retained good color stability. The remilts of this test may have been disturbed ty an erroneous adjustment of the thermo stat on the 155 F. oven that raised the tenperature to 165 F. for pos sibly tvo veeka at the aid of the test. This sy account for the oolor fade in the MB--3 tinted eaameLs, slnoe the full toner CPI 53L on which KB-S Is based had previously passed the 155 F. storage test in Rx 710. Hovever, it does place the other items in a preferred position for use in materials where storage temperatures are expected to exceed 155 F. Pigments under studjr are; MB-1 MB-2 CP lake based an du Font's EBP vet press cake. CP lake based an da Pont* s BBT dry pigment. HB-5 BT-566-0 CP lake based on CPI 551. du Pant's resin coated phthelocyanine blue. The Hooding ratings of these materials in Rx 710 enamel at 155 P. storage shoved most Hooding in MB-3 tinted material, decreasing progressively through BT 566-0, MB-2, to MB-1, uhich shoved the least. At room storage the Rx 710 tinted miamals all shoved moderate Hooding vith variations too limited to rate* In Xem Glo White Rx 51400, MB-2 Hooded most at 155 F., decreasing through MB-1 and MB-5, vhich Hooded less but equal to BT 566-0, which Hooded the least. At room temperature BT 566-0 reversed its position, Hooding the most. Flooding decreased In this group through MB-5, MB-2, to MB-1, \hih Hooded least. In appraising the color stability of these materials, visual ratings were made ly comparing each 155 F. specimen with its 75 F. parallel. It vas assumed that the 75 F. sample wuld be the most stable, so ratings Indicate the positions of the 156 F. samples relative to these. The Hunter reflectance measurements tend to confirm these observations, but show that the considerable fade reported for the 155 F. MB-5 samples are exaggerated ty this appraisal, since it is based on the relative difference betvean tvo panels that have drifted in opposite directions during the aging period. Chart foliovs. 0007-SWP-044035 m m zzm m Paint B*s*arch Jun*, 1954 -14- #177 Gout. BantT fUfl artm* Kx 710 185 P 75 P dvm PU.tr___ Exask. 4 Ha, Diff. 51.0 - 1.1 52.1 SO .5 - 1.6 ____Bin* Blur____ 1ES& Os*. Dlff. 65.0 - 2.4 65.4 65.0 - 2.4 r PHI frwti 4 Mo. Diff. 22.4 - 2.0 24.4 25.2 - 1.2 Visual Iasp*ctlcc Slight fad* 155 P 26.8 - 1.4 56.8 -1.6 19.8 - 5.1 Slightly datk*r 75 P 28.2 27.8 - .4 67.5 56.7 - .6 22.9 19.6 - 5.5 1B5 P S5.5 + 6.1 59.4 - 5.4 28.8 + 5.2 Co b*. fad* 75 P 29.2 28.6 - .6 62.8 60.2 - 2.6 25.6 a.e - 2.0 86- 155 P 52.0 .8 65.6 - .6 25.5 - .9 Stahl* oolor 86- 75 P a.2 50.6 - .6 64.2 65.6 - .6 24.4 22.2 - 2.2 Ri 51400 hitl 0t *a Piltar Bin* Piltar ___iMb*T liltar___ Visual Esuh. Ho, 8tfL. Pr*h 4 MO. Dlff. fr* life* Diff, 156 P 75 P 29.8 50.2 29.4 + .4 - .4 64.2 65.6 65.6 - .6 - .6 22.4 a.5 20.5 - .9 Slight fad* - 2.1 155 P 75A.P 26.6 25.0 24.4 - 2.6 - 1.2 56.8 56.6 56.6 - .2 - .2 19.6 16.0 17.4 - 5.6 Slightly datkar - 2.2 155? P 75 P 28.1 56.4 27.4 7t5 - .7 62.0 61.5 60.0 - .5 - .20 22.4 28.0 19.4 + 5.6 Cfius. fad* - 5.0 BT 366-D 155 P BT SS6- 75 P 28.9 50.8 50.8 + 1.9 + 1.9 64.0 - 1.0 - 1.0 25.0 25.0 21.8 o +1 Slight fad* - 1.2 0007-SWP-044036 0007-SWP-000113406 Paint Bsssaroh Septsatoer, 1964 #177 - rifMrt gww The Satlcnal Lead Ccnpeny has submitted a sanpls of an improved basic silloat* whits load identified aa 46 X SC. Thia plgaant haa bean Incorporated into Rx 460 SUP flnderooater for etorage teats and hiding power cooparisona. Tinting strength was also eonpared with the current standard naterlal. To date no advantage eoold he ascribed to the SC naterlal. Rx 460 opacity was unchanged, grinding was approarlaataty equal, being rated at -5/4 B on the standard and 2-1/4 B on the SC. Viscosities were mfcatantially tha ease, rated at 16.0* and 16.3* on the #5 Sherein-VlHiaaa floaaater, respectively. Tinting strength favored the SC naterlal very slightly. Storage teats are under way In sealed one gallon cans stored at 98 F. 0007-SWP--044037 0007-SWP-000113407 Point Resaareb September, 1954 f!77 ~ ptMan*- -- The Rational Lead Ccmpenj has submitted a sample of aa ljprorad basic sillcat* white load ldantiflad aa 45 I SC. This pigaant has bean lncorporatad into Rx 450 SHP Oaderooater for atongs tests and hiding poser comparisons. Tinting strength was also pared with tbs currant standard material. To data no advantage could be ascribed to tbs SC notarial. Rx 450 opacity was unchanged, grinding vas approximately equal, being rated at 2-5/4 H on tbe standard and 2-1/4 E on tbe SC. Viscosities were stfestaatially tbs seas, rated at 16,0" and 16.8" an tbe #S Sberwln-VilUens flowmeter, respectively. Tinting strength favored tbe SC material very slightly. Storage tests are under way In scaled ana gallon cane stored at 96 F. 0007-SWP-044038 0007-SWP-000113408 Paint Research JUly, 1955 #177 - Pigment Studies A study of four samples of Ferrite Yellow 8280 dry evolved from work done in the Dispersion Laboratory and the Raw Material Control laboratory. The Materials Laboratory reported the colors to be similar on the basis of oil rub ups. The Dispersion laboratory showed that the pigments were quite different. The Reichard Coulston material dried flat and light in color. The Columbia Carbon material was intermediate and the two C. K. Williams samples were the most glossy and had the deepest color. Our work was directed first to review the work of the Dis persion Laboratory and second to reconcile the divergent reports on these materials. In running the Quickie Mill technique we first ran into differences in vehicle demand between these ferrites as shown in Table No. 1. Using a spatula mixing we attempted to use mill bases of equal viscosity. To do this, vehicle quantities were adjusted as shown. Dispersions were measured on the grind gage and are reported for each time interval. Table Ho. 1 Material 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 30 ain. C. K. Williams Lot #lb5 6B 6h 7B Columbia Carbon Lot #991 5H 5H 5-1/2 H Reichard Coulston No 2H* aa 7H** lot 1-2-55 Grind C. K. Williams Lot #146 6h 6a 6h *20 cc vehicle blend added **20 ec (145) Mineral Spirits added Note: Uhls dispersion was made on a kty pigment concentration. In the actual test 39 grans pigment were used, and 55 cc of the vehicle blend were used. The vehicle blend is made up of 2 parts (3962) soya alkyd varnish and 1 part (151) Mineral Spirits (hi flash). At the conclusion of the milling step all of the samples were reasonably similar in color when wet. Drawdowns on glass were quite similar to those obtained by the Dispersion Laboratory. It was noted that drying was more rapid with the Reichard Coulston pigment. -ic- 0007-SWP-044039 0007-SWP-000113409 Paint Research JUly, 1955 #177 - Cont. A second test vas made with the Quickie Mill in which a blend of raw and 'bodied linseed oil vlth thinners vaB used as the dispersing liquid. Here again more vehicle was required to wet the Reichard Coulston pigment than the C. K. Williams sample. Milling proportions and finenesses obtained are given in Table Ho. 2 below. Table Ho. 2 Material 5 Min. 10 Min. 15 Min. C. K. Williams Lot #1*>5 6h 6s 6-1/2H Reichard Coulston Lot 1-2-55 IB* . 5H 6-1/2H Extra 30 ce of vehicle blend added. Hote: New vehicle blend used in this dispersion. Blend made up of 20 cc (1521) rav linseed oil, 15 cc (2539) bodied linseed oil, and 25 cc (151) Mineral Spirits. It is of interest that drawdowns on glass of the above oil dis persions are comparable while wet. Color is still comparable after 1 hour drying but the Reichard Coulston catsrial had set up to a stiff paste while the C. K. Williams material is still a fluid paste. In addition to the above tests the Analytical Section made oil absorption tests on these samples of 0280 dry plus additional lots of material currently in stock. They reported as follows: Supplier lot No. Oil Absorption C. K. Williams C. K. Williams lk6 Reichard Coulston 889 Reichard Coulston 1-2-55 Columbia Carbon 991 8200 dry Standard Sample 39-6 1*1.0 4h.8 63.O W*.8 1*5.2 Ihe problem material by these tests is shown to be not only difficult to wet but also high in the conventional oil absorption test. One danger of relying on the Quickie Ball Mill test is that no differentiation may be made between a texture deficiency and a wetting deficiency. Just as soon as a technique is established for measuring paste consistency of ball mill bases this may be overcome. -11- 0007-SWP--044040 0007-SWP-000113410 Paint Research September, 1955 -12- fl-77 - Figment Studies, A sample of Vansil, an experimental precipitated calcium silicate, was sutmitted for test by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company. It is hydrophilic in nature due to precipitation in the presence of a rnmii amount of starch. Particle size is extremely fine, being below one tenth of a micron, but soma aggregates are present. Several comparisons were made against Woll&stonite, a natural cal cium silicate and Santocel, a very finely divided silica. An oil absorption tost gave a value of 25 for Vollastonite, 185 for Vansil and 300 for Santocel. Replacement of Santocel with Vansil, if pos sible, appeared attractive since Vsnsll can be produced for about ten cents per pound, A low sheen varnish was produced by grinding 0,5 pound of Santocel into a gallon of Rexpar. The same varnish with a full pound of Vansil retained a high gloss so that this pigment does not appear to be useful as a gloss modifier. The supplier states that Vansil is difficult to disperse in oil media. In our tests it dispersed quite readily, both in varnish and in on oil base house paint. Partial and complete substitution for the extender in SWP Redwood Velvet Flat was made with Vansil. Paints were formulated to maintain standard viscosity. These points showed rather high gloss and the low sheen characteristic of SV? Velvet Flat could not be ob tained with Vansil. Drying time was retarded considerably, even when the normal drier content was doubled. Vansil appears to cct as a drier absorbent. Only a preliminary test could be made in a FVA paint in com parison with Vollastonite due to the small amount of material avail able. It disperses quite readily and may serve as a useful extender in emulsion paints. Since Vansil demonstrates a number of unusual properties, further tests are planned. 00.07-SWP-044041 "1 Paint Research January, 1956 #177 - Piwwn* SMlw Four months' aging have been completed on phtheloeyanina blue enamels and tints. The pigments used were K 145 and K 145 supplied fay S-U Organic Research Department, Cyan Blue Toner ENF 55-5750 supplied fay American Cyanaoid, and Solfast Blue Toner BBC, 7710 dry, supplied fay du Pont. The paints have aged at 76o F. and 135 F. The paints node from the S-V plgaaota are a green shade although one of the pi{plants was a red shade before being incor porated Into the enamel, a vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer paint. No change has bean found during the aging of the S-V enanala and tints. The American Cyanaoid pipant la very good and shows no change. The du Pont blue has exhibited a slight color change which is probably due to crystallisation of the pigment. 0007-SWP-044042 0007-SWP-000113412 Paint Research February, 1956 -32#177 - Plaseat Studies Phthalocyanlne blue pigment* in vinyl enamels and tints have completed six months1 aging at 75 F and at 135 7. The pig ments evaluated in this high solvency system include K 143 and K 145, a red and green shade, respectively, provided by S-W Organic Research Department, a red shade Cyan Blue Toner WF 55-3750 supplied by American Cyanaaid, and a red shade BiC phthalocyanlne blue supplied by du Pont, 7710 dry. The du Pont blue has shown a slight loss in color which may be due to crystallisation of the pigment. The Sherwin-Williams and American Cyanamid blues have shewn no change from their origins], shade but the S-V red shade bad converted to a green shade before the original draw-downs were made. The Sherwin-Villiams blue tints remained In suspension during the aging test, while the Cyanamid and du Pont tints settled out. The du Pont tint was especially difficult to re-disperse. This may indicate better performance for the S-V phthalocyanlne blues. The six months aging completes the tests on these pigments. 0007-SWP-044043 0007-SWP-000113413 Paine Reaaarch April, 1956 -12- #177 - Pigment Studio* Ob* of tha objectionable feature* of chalking painta la tha appaaranca of a light colored chalk faca on colored painta. Thla la attributed to tha higher dry hiding of inarta compared with their hiding in tha paint film ltaalf. Low* Brothera auggaatad ancaaiog the pigment particlaa in a durable vehicle prior to Incorporation in the paint. Than aa chalking occura the color of tha chalk faca ahould reaain the aam* aa tha original color. IWo attempt* at aecompliahing thia in 8HP Plat Java Brown Al H 15 war* not auccaaaful. Acrylold A-10 and a non-drying alkyd with a very high proportion of melanin* ware triad. Slurrlaa of tha pigment, raain and aolvant war* dried at J00 P, The raeultant cake waa cruahad, nieropulvarisad and incorporated into a paint. Unfortunately thaaa vahiclaa war* aenaltiva to tha vahlcla-aolvant nixture in tha paint. Thay cwallad to aueh an extent that tha painta ware not practical. 0007-SWP-044044 0007-SWP-000113414 Paint Research May, 1956 -10- #177 - Ptenant Studlaa An Investigation u under vgy to determine tbo comparative tint retention propartlas of various seal and non-chalking tltaniua dioxides and titanium calcium pigments in SUP Trim and Tinting White and Intermix Tint Base. The various titanium pigments mill also ba evaluated in an emulsion latex paint and in an automotive high gloss alkyd enamel formulation. The pigments used are as follows: Old MO. Maw Mo. Lot Mo. 1011 6632 bl8066 Onltana OR 6bO. Guide 217k 100b 6630 $631 L363-26 053U5 Ho. b or 791 Ti-Fure g 610 TltanoK BAMC 1013 2229 6622 6623 H7b3 8033-A25 Unitans OR 5b0 Ti-Pure & 510 Chloride Process 2229 6620 112bH7 Ti-Pure R 510 Sulfate Process -- 66b3 From du Pont Ti-Pure 110Z Chloride Proceee 101b 6621 C56B25 Ho. 9 or TSV6-ba6 Tltanox HA 30 21b0 -- From du Pont Ti-Cel H 60 Lot 2920 21bO 6685 56C-17-21 Tltanox RC 1202 , 6682 29661 B9 Ti-Cel R 27 2132 6680 R* b73. Card 17 55 1 126 Tltenox RCHT 0007-SWP-044045 0007-SWP-000113415 Faint Research Hay, 1956 -11- #177 - Cont. Zt was reported lot axmth that Initial attempt* to coat plgnants with a durabla raain to control tha chalk face color on colorad paint* wara unsuccessful. Tha vehicle* that wara triad, a melamlna-alkyd and an acrylic, tended to avail la the paint vahlele (Flat SWF) even after curias for eight hour* at 300 F. Two new attempts have given apparently complete lnaoluhillsation of the raain* u*ad for coating tha pigment. However, Intan** ultra violet expoaura* have not shown any narked advantage in color control for tha paint* containing coated pigments. Fosslbly milder expoauras will be nor* productive. Tha raalna that war* Inaolublllxad successfully war* a poly urethane prepared from toluene diiaocyanate and a polyester prepared by Raain Research and ReaInane 8lk, a water soluble malamine. Tha techni<j|ue used of slurrying tha plgaant In a solution of tha rasin, curing as a cake, and breaking up of tha caka to make a paint leaves soma doubt aa to whe ther each pigment particla Is coated adequately. Future work will includd spray drying, higher rasin-plgawnt ratios, and exterior exposures. National lead has shown through mathematical calculations, optical considerations and actual demonstration that there is an optimum PVC for white enamels to gat tha hiding. This la not based on cost of hiding par pound of titanium dioxide but on actual hiding power per all. of dry film. In one case with a T10a enamel this optimum PVC was 30$. Tha demonstration constated of making draw downs over Merest charts of a 135 PVC paint, a 45^ PVC paint, and a 5O/5O bland of the two. The bland had noticeably better biding power than either of tha Individual paints. Attesept* to apply this with the Ram Savelite vehicle have bean Inconclusive, in this csss the bland shoved about equal biding with tha 43$ FVC formulation using straight T10a. Perhaps the optimum Is not 30)t PVC in this case. In addition, the application of such a principle to formulations such es Ram Savelite where Inert is present Is difficult. The Inert can bs treated either as part of tha vehicle or part of the eolvent In FVC calculations depending upon its particle else and the PVC of the paint. Further work Is planned, particularly to determine the optimum FVC for straight T10a in the Rem Savelite vehicle. 0007-SWP-044046 0007-SWP-000113416 '^i Paint Research June,1956 -15- #177 - Figment S tudlei Exposure panels 24054-24107 C, F vara prepared during tha month, 50 cadar panala for Chicago eouth and 50 for Florida aouth. Thla la tha major part of an axtanalva acrlaa taatlng various tltanlua pigments with apodal emphasis on chalking and fading, Thla part of tha projacc covara Xx 475 SHF Tinting Hhita and Intermix Whita. In each case, the painta taatad are both aa white and abadad to Caatla Blue. The titaniums involved are: Tl-Pure R-610 Titanox RAW R-510 chloride procaaa " RA-50 " aulfateprocaaa " RC R-110 Z chloride procaaa RCHT Tl-Cal R-60 Unltane 0R-64O ' R-27 ' CH-540 Tha aaaa tltanliaa plgaenta are being expoaad aa vhltaa and blue tlnte in Raayn 12 C 51 aoulaion painta aa-panela 25938-85 C, F. FVC la 55^ uaing Hollaatonlta and nice aa axtendera. The guide on the panela la one coat of emulsion paint over a coat of SHF 450 Undercoeter with tha teat portlona two coata of aoulaion painta on bare cadar bevel aiding, Exposures are at Chicago and Florida. Tha lime lota of titanium pigments are also being exposed aa whites and blue tlnta in tha new automotive vehicle (57 C 62). The panel number* are 24106-25 C, F. 0007-SWP-044047 0007-SWP-000113417 k Paint Research July, 1956 -15- #177 - Pigment Studies The resin coated pigment* aa previously reported were prepared by aaking a elurry of pigment and reein and baking in the oven to drive off the advent. The resultant cake waa broken up and ground to the proper particle aise. Thla netbod producer a usable pignent but it ia not certain that each pignent particle tfaua produced haa a continuous coating of resin. It waa thought that spray drying the reain-pigment elurry would produce e continuous film around each pigment particle. The pigment por tion of A1 N 15 SWF Piet Java Brown was mixed in e water solution of Reelaene 814 and spray dried by spraying into an oven. The pigment pro duced was made into SUP Piet Java Brown A1 H ij and tested under the Uvlarc ultraviolet lamp. The spray dried pigment wea found to discolor more rapidly than an uncoetad pigmentation. The Uvlarc lamp waa only three inches from the panel and the heat produced may have altered the performance of the reals coating. Work on thla project will be dlacontinued for the time being awaiting exterior expoeure results, lxterlor exposure panela of the atandard, SUP Flat Java Brown A1 N 15, a polyurethane coated pigment, end melamine coated pigments prepared by the grinding method end by the spray dry method ere on expoeure at Chicago and Florida. Exposures 22226-3? C, P were examined recently after 12 months at Florida, vertical south, and lk months at Chicago, north and south. The series consists of Bx 471 SUP Gloaa White, over Bx 450 Undercoater and also self-primed, on cedar bevel siding. The tests are of silicone coated pigments aa indicated below, the proceaaing having been done by Linde Air Products Company on pigments submitted by us. The process is their "A" treatment, using methyl oils LM-J and L-45. Besides the general durability characteristics, we were interested in the possibility of reducing the severity of rutile yellowing of K-200 titanium dioxide. Paint No. Description Results to date OJ 568 S Rx 471, Card 80, untreated Good, clean - both locations. 6600 dry anatase T102 o j 589 s Same, treated pigments* Show lass chalking, more dirt at Florida and Chicago north; but it may be significant for the future that Chicago south shows slightly the reverse and Is quite clean. 0007-SWP-044048 0007-SWP-000113418 Paint Research July, 1956 -16- #177 - Cent. Paint Ho. Deecrlotion Results to date OJ 390 S OJ 391 3 R-200 replacing anataae Ti02 In basic formula Sou, treated pigments* Noticeably lass chalk, aore dirt than guida, with a very little yellowing. Mostly at Plorida. Much like the results above, a little leas clean-up except that Chicago south shows a bit more. Essentially no yellowing. Treatment wu given not only to the TiOa' 1, but to the other white pigments: 6840 dry leaded sine, 6232 dry Nytal 30C extender. 0007-SWP-044049 0007-SWP-000113419 Paint Kaaaarch October, l956 -10#177 Plment Studla* Paine* hava baan prepared Cor expoaura to avaluata a aarln* of Ti Para R 515 plgnanta. Thla earlea lacluda* five aanplea of tha chloride procaas plgnaat and fiva aaaplaa of tha aulfata procasa R 510 plgnaat. Alao Included la a aanpla of Rev Jaraagr Zinc E-750 titanlun dlogtida and a aaapla of Tltaoox RE %). Thaaa palnta ara prepared In tha SUP Trln and Tinting Whlta fonaula and will ba axpoaad In Chicago aouth and north and In Plorida aouch only. 0007-SWP-044050 0007-SWP-000113420 Paint Research November, 1956 -12- |l7f - Pignut Studies Phthalocyraine blue pigments produced in the new SherwinVllllaas PC Blue Plant are bain* teatad for non-crystallising pro pertiaa in vinyl aolvanta. A pravioua aariaa ol taata (February 1956 Report) using laboratory prepared pigments shoved good noncrystalliting propertiaa but did ahow that the red abade was converted to the store stable green shade In these solvents. It was not known whether this was due to the strong vinyl solvents or to excessive heat produced during the dispersion of the pignents in vinyl vehicles. A red shade PC Blue Solfast Blue BUMS, CP lh04- and a green hade COT, CP 1406 ere being cowpared with du Pont Monastral Past Blue BMC pigment, CP 1037, 7710 dry. Thaaa pignents were dispersed in vinyl realn on a 2-roll still rad also on a pebble Bill where leas heat would be obtained. The S-W red shade CP 140k dispersed very easily by both Methods but the gran shade CP 1406 proved to be difficult to disperse, especially in the pebble Bill. The standard CP 1037 was wore difficult to disperse than CP 14*4, but it was easier than CP 1406. The pabbLa mill dispersion did not develop tbs color strength that was obtained with the two roll mill dispersions. The sand Bill or bead mill was also triad as a means of die. parsing the PC blue pignents in vinyl. CP 1404 was used since it was the pigment aoet likely to change during the grinding operation. With this particular vinyl system the vinyl dries too feat rad clogs up the screen on the bead mill. The pigment also does not develop good color strength evm after two paaaas through the sill. The bead sill does not appear to be suited for this particular type formula. Enamels and tints prepared from the two-roll and pebble Bill dispersions of chase pigments are being stored at 25 C. and yf C. for periods of one weak, one month, rad 2, 4, and 6 months. Drawdowns of the anaemia and tints prior to atoraga showed chat the red hade CP 1404 had a rad caat compared with the green shade CP 1408, but it dost not have tha depth of color or rad shade of the standard CP IO37. Apparently any change from rad to green shade is due to the aoiventa slnee the sane differences show up regardless of the method of dispersion. 0007-SWP-044051 0007-SWP-000113421 Paint Research Dacn&btr, 1956 -20#177 - Pigment studiea On* week and one aonth atorag* taat* hav# baan canpleted on ShervlnWilliaaa production lota of phthalocyanine blua pigaenta. CP 1404, a rad abada PC bloc, CP 1408, a groan ahada PC blue and CP 1037^ du Pont BMC blue 7710 dry vara diaparaad in a vinyl vahicla with a aolvant ayatan of 5O/5O arenatica/ketonea. Xhay vara atorad at 25 and 50 C. Dravdovna of the agad aanplaa vara nada aftar atirring vith a apatula and aftar 10 ninutaa abaking on a Rad Devil ahakar. CP 1404 ahova a dafinita changa toward tha green ahada. CP1046 appeara atable and ahova no tendency to changa fron ita original ahada. CP 10J7 baa exhibited a alight loaa in itrength, but it ia atill bluer and redder than CP 1404. The Sbervln-Williana PC bluea reaiain in auapanaion end are acre eaaily rediaperaed by atirring than tha du Pont etandard CP 1037 Tha du Pont blua tlnte aettle badly and are aore difficult to diaparae. However, their full color la recovered aftar 10 ninutaa on tha Red Davil ahakar. 0007- Faint Roseereh January, 1957 Prolact #177 - Planent Studlai -15- Panala 24176 - 24179 C hava completed tlx nontba 45 south exposure at Chicago. This aariaa avaluataa polyurethane and Raslnana 814 eoatad plgnents In SWP Flat Java Brown A1 N 15. The purpoaa of tha raaln axtandad pigments waa to attempt to allainata whlta chalk faca and fading from dark colored houaa paints upon axposura. The raaults show that tha polyurathana eoatad pigment la no batter than the standard SWP Plat while tha Raslnana coated pigment la nuch poorer on fading. These raaults agree- with those found on accelerated teats under tha Ovlarc ultraviolet laa^>. Sheas exposures are being dlacontinued although work on this project is being continued along other lines. Panels 24108-25 C and F have bean inspected after six months' exposure in Chicago and Florida. In this study a number of titanium dioxide pignents are being evaluated against each other in Exlon automotive vehicle, (57 C 62). The exposures were made In straight whites and In blue tints. A table is listed below in which loss of washed gloss is used to indicate tha relative durability of the pigments being evaluated. Florida Exposure - 6 Months Pigment White 60 Photovolt Gloss Washed loss in Or isInal 6 Mo. Gloss Blue Tint _________ 60 Bhotovolt Gloss Washed toss In Total Loss Original 6 Mo. Gloss White/Tlnt OR 640 R 610 RANC OR 540 R 510^ R 510* RA 50 R 110 R 6103 97 92 93 92 93 93 94 93 96 85 85 83 82 45 72 74 58 63 JL Chloride Process 12 93 7 93 10 94 10 94 48 94 21 93 20 94 35 93 33 94 ft Sulphate Process 78 15 75 18 73 21 66 28 43 51 61 32 67 27 51 42 57 37 27 25 31 38 99 53 47 77 70 A Kem Transport Vehicle Control 0007-SWP-044053 0007-SWP-000113423 Paine Research January, 1957 -16Pro icct #1T7 - Cont. Proa tba cable it can ba aaan chat llttla differences exist between the non-chalking type titanium pigments. Hcwevar, in the seal-chalking titanium claaa some aigntficanC differences do ahow up. du Pont*a R 510 plgnant made with the chloride proeaaa haa relatively poor chalk realatanea. du Pone's R 5IO pigment aade by the sulphate process and Titanium Plgnant'a RA 50 show fair chalk realatanea. Calco'a OR 540 ahowa the beat chalk realatanea of the seed-chalk plgnenta and approaches the chalk realatanea of the non-chalking pig ments. du Pone's R 110 sample also was a chloride process plgnant and would be expected to be about equal to R-510 chloride process. The loss in gloss for the Ram Transport control was largely dua to dirt pick-up and mildew. In Chicago the panels have not reached significant chalking at six months except for the chloride processed R 5I0 pigment. The panels will be re-exposed in Chicago and in Florida. 0007-SWP--044054 0007-SWP-000113424 Paint temreh March, 1957 -17- Protect #177 - Plament studies Four months storage cuti have been completed on phthalocyanine blua pigments CP 1404, CP 1408, and the atandard CP 1057CP lh04 La tha Shervin-Wllliana production rad ahada PC blua whila CP 1408 la a green ahada. tha atandard CP 1057 la du Pont INC, 7710 dry. CP 1404 vaa converted to tha groan ahada within tha first waak of atoraga but it doaa not ahow asp further change alnee that tine. CP 1400 ahowa a alight loaa of atrangth but otharwiaa it la excellent. Tha control, Cf 1057. ahowed a conaidarabla change in color atrangth hut it atlll naintalnj its rad ahada. A coapariaon waa nade batwaan pebble Bill and two roll Bill dlaperalona of CP 1057 and CP 14o 4 in tha vinyl raalna. the pebble nill dlaperalona did not develop aa such color atrangth aa tha 2-roll mill and therefore lata change la found with than, but tha change iron tha red to green ahada In CP llt04 ia atlll evident, tha final aariaa of taata on thaaa plgaenta will be nade after six aontha' atoraga. Panala 24176-24179 F have completed alx aontha' exposure in Florida. Thaaa panels era an evaluation of realn extandad plgnanta in SUP Flat Java Brown foraulation. Tha purpoee of thla teat la to develop a means of preventing tha formation of a white chalk face on tha dark colored houaa paints. A polyurethane resin and Resioene 81b vara used aa protective coatings for tha plgnanta. Tha Resiaaae 814 coated pigments faded quite badly and ware much voraa than tha control paint SWF Flat Java Brown Al H 15. The polyurethane coated plgaenta showed about the aana amount of fade aa the control. Similar panels exposed at Chicago gave the eane results. Thaaa are reported in tha January, 1957 monthly report. Since no advantage hat haan found for tha resin extended plgnanta the panels are being retired. Further work has been dona in an attenpt to develop a suit able coating for houaa paint plgnanta vhich will control fading and white chalk face. A melamine-alkyd combination (48 C 27) and (40 D 14) has been tried but it also showed fading whan exposed under a Uviorc ultraviolet light. The good ultraviolet resistance of Hypelon sounded interesting but the flexibility of this material made it im possible to regrind the coated pigment. Efforts to harden the gypalon have not provan too successful. Work will continue with other coat ings vhich may provs useful. 0007-SWP--044055 0007-SWP-000113425 Faint Research March, 1957 -18- Frolect >,177 - Coat. Florida exposure* 24260-24265 F ware Inspected after six nonthe' exposure. These exposures show two experimental titanium pigments from du Font coded SR 40-1 and 965-B to be slightly Infer ior to du Font's R 610 In gloss retention. These panels vers re exposed. Routine examination for the third year of Florida south expo sure has been made on panels I858O-7 F, all cedar bevel siding, and the most recent Chicago south readings are at 46 months. This series continues to be of considerable Interest and will be continued on test. It evaluates four colored leaded sine oxides made as pilot plant batches at Coffeyvllle by the antimony process. These are varying shades of yellow and are tested as single-pigment paints, compared directly with SWF Tint Base shaded to match. The details of chemical composition are covered In our progress report of February 8, 1958. At 5 years' Florida exposure, the special ssnples continue to show much leas fading, dirt and mildew than the controls. How ever, 40 X microscopic examination shows some checking on the spe cials, with soma preference for those based on Oslo 12 as against chose based on Oelo 35, but this Is certainly not serious consider ing the long exposure. The Chicago panels show the same marked advantages for the special In color and appearance over the regular tint. Furthermore, the remarkably alight failure (mostly erosion) tends to favor the special samples. Their chalking rate is fairly rapid, but the chalk eeams to be very adherent and Its deep "selfcolored" characteristic seems to be the main cause of their good color retention. 0007-SWP-044056 0007-SWP-000113426 Faint Reaearch April, 1957 -8Projeet_jjl22_iJliJ2JSL^HSill 108 cedar bevel tiding panelt, compriaing itriu 25842-80 CS, CH, F, wart prepared for expoeure at Chicago north and touch and at Florida. The porpoaa of the aerlaa it to atudy the frequency of rutile yellowing, at well at chalking and durability of varloua titanium dioxide plgnenta In SUP Tint Boat, uaad both at white, yel low and gray. The baaic formula it a apeclal, ualng leaded tine, calcium carbonate and mica in an oleoraainoua vehicle. The thirteen tltanlim pigment* tatted era: Tltanox RA 50 Tl-Pure R 610 Ti-Pure R 750, lot T5004 Ti-Pura R 510 - 10 aamplaa aubmittad by du Pont, of which 5 are aulfate proceaa and 5 chloride proceaa. He have aeon lnatencea where rutile yellowing eppaara to develop more frequently with du Pont'a chloride proceaa R 510 than with their aulfate proceaa 510. The laat item Hated above cover* thia eompariaon in a broader teat. It alao will check uniformity of production. 0007-SWP-044057 0007-SWP-000113427 Paint Research May, 1957 -IS- Project #177 - Pigment Studio* Sbervin-Williama production of pbthalocyanlne blue pigments Solfaat Blue MEMO, CP 1404, and GDI CP l4o8 have coeplated alx nontha1 *toraga taata in high arooatlc.batons solvent vinyl formulatlona. Comparison of drawdowns made of tba original painta and those mad* after alx nontha' atoraga at 25 C. and 50 C. ahow that the rad ahada PC blue CP 1404 haa bean converted to the acre atabla groan ehade. The control plgaant, du Pont*a Monaatral Pact Blue BMC. CP 1037, above aana loaa of radnaaa but it doaa not convert completely to the green fora. The green abode PC Blue CP 1408 above only a very alight loaa in atrangth. Duplicate sample* of CP 1037 end CP 1404 were made up in the pebble mill and on the two roll talll to teat the affect of heat formation during dieparelon on tba atablllty of the pignent. The initial color development vaa poorer in the pebble alll dleperalon but the change* on aging were alao much leaa. Tba convaraion of CP 1404 to tha groan shade was atill apparent regardleaa of the dispersion method. 0007-SWP-04405B Paint Research August, 1957 -21- Proiact #177 - Planant Studies Four samples of titanium dioxide have been received from New Jersey Zinc for evaluation. One of these samples, R99, repre sents an experimental aupar chalk raalatant pigsmut. The othar three . a 760-1, & 7^0-2, and R 760-3, rapraaaut normal production batches, du Font has also sent four sanplss of titanium dioxlda. These pigments represent blends of a number of lots for each of the following grades: k 610, R 510 sulfate, & 510 chloride, and & 110 chloride. These samples vers submitted by du Font for the purpose of comparing the various grades of their titanium pigments. The above pigments are being evaluated in Bxlon vehicle <37 C 83). Exposures were made in both white and a light blue tint. Three additional lots of E 610 type, four lots of OR 640 type, and three lots of BANC type titanium pigment were included as controls. Preliminary tests show Hew Jersey Zinc's super chalk re sistant pigment, R-99, to give a poor dispersion. This is as expected since it is a laboratory saaple and has not been Jet milled. Chicago, Florida, Weather-OBeter and laboratory exposures are being run on the above pigments. Exterior exposures are also being made la SWF Trim and Tinting White, and la blue tints of PVA siuls ion paints at 3J0 PVC. 0007-SWP-044059 0007-SWP-000113429 Paint Research November, 1997 -17- ProJact #177 - Planant Studies Panels 22226-35 F, C war* studied recently, after 24 Booths1 exposure at Florida vertical south and slightly longer at Chicago north and south. All are cedar bevel siding, the paints indicated below are ccBpared both over AS V 2 SUP Undercoatar and as ealf-prined work. The guide paint Is A2 W 4 SUP Gloss White, Card 60. The purpose is to east silicone treated plsaenti, our pfgaent sanples having bean sent to Linde Air Products Coopany to be treated (or coated). Their "Method A," in volving sethy1 oils LM-3 and L-45, was used. Sssentially, there are only two parts to the test; 1. Treated pignants 6600 dry snatase TiOa, 6640 dry 35/65 leaded sine and 6232 dry Nytal 300 versus ssae pignants untreated. Results: Florida shows the special paint as aonevhat cleaner, but having serious checking as against none for the regular. 2. Sane cooparisen, but R-200 rutile T10a used ins teed of 6600 dry. Results: Sans with regard to dirt and checking. However, the reduction in rutile yellowing due to the silicone# is quits noticeable, Chicago panels show no checking, but definitely confine the better clean-up of the specials in both categories. Exposure aeries 23938-85 P, C (plus 24366-95 P, C) was exsained recently after 12 aonths at Florida vertical south and the sane at Chi cago. This is one of the several aeries put out to cast chalking rates and tint retention of various tltanivai dioxides, using paints both in tha whits and shadad light blua with phthalocyanlna. In this cess, the paints are latex exterior type at 35$ FVC, all using Rasyn 12 K 51 PVA copolymer. In tho tests using pure tltanlinw, Wollastonlte and nice eke up tha extender; in those using tltaniun ealelun, it la the only pigment. The test systems include both one coat over A2 H 2 SUP Ondercoater and two coats salf-priasd, all on new cedar bevel elding. In general, there is no flln failure end very little noId growth at either location. Thera Is essentially no chalk rub-off exespt in the easne specified below. Florida testa ere rated down considerably on tha special undercoater tests because of a thin or gray appearance as gainst the better whiteness of the eelf-prinad, but this dose not seen to show up ouch at Chicago. The results indicate about three categories: 0007-SVJF-044060 0007-SWP-000113430 Paint Reaearch Novaaber, 1957 -10- Prolact #177 - Coot. 1, No chalking to data, clean, color of bluaa good to excellent: du Pont*a 985-1 du Font'a S&-40-1 6632 dry OR-6^0 6631 dry RANC R-510, Cl proeaaa 6630 dry 8-610 6622 dry CN-5l*0 Ti-Cal R-60 Tl-Pura 110 Z 2, Slight chalk, alight to aodarato fading, not qulta aa claan; R-510, S04 proeaaa 6621 dry RA-50 3, Definitely unaatlafactoxy to data: RC-6685 Not vary chalky but aarloua fading. 6660 dry RCHI Mora chalky, avan voraa fading. 6682 dry R-27 Pooraat of aarlaa; free chalk, extraae fading. Bxpoaure panala 27070-82 C, P vara prepared during tha month, all cedar bevel aiding prlaad with A2 tf g SHF Vndercoatar. Bxpoaure la to be at Chicago and Florida, vertical aouth. Tha purpoaa la to evalu ate ten production aaeplea of Titanox RAMC aubmltted by Titaniun Plgnanta Corporation, uniformity of chalking and fade raalatanca being of primary concern. Alao included la a aaapla of Japanaaa TiOa which reached ua by way of our Sao Paulo plant. The TiOa aaaplaa are com pared In A2 H 0 SHF Tinting White abaded to a light groan with phthalocyanlne and ferrita baaea. 0007--SWP-044 061 0007-SWP-000113431 Paint Research August, 1956 -21- Prolect #177 - Ptenant Studies A sample of MP-1111 rutlla titanium dioxide iron Tltanlua Pigment Corporation was put out for taat on outdoor exposure, panala 26256-67 C, P. Sxpoeura was mads at Chicago and IlorIda, vertical south, on cedar bavsl aiding primed with A2 W 2 SWF Undercoatar, In order to tie In with extensive T10a taata already on our iancaa, the paint* taro fonulatad on a aodlflcatlon of A2 H 8 8WP Trim and Tinting White, Also, a light blue (phthalocjranlne only) ahada vaa uaad for panels paralleling the whites. The comparisons involved are: Unitan* OR-640 Titanox RAM Ti-Purs R-610 T.P.C. HP-1111 apacial Exposures ware put out during Ota month at Chicago and Florida, vortical south, tasting two staples of 50$ 110* Tl-Cal plgaant from du Pont'* Plgaant Division, Tha panels are cedar bevel siding and are nunbarad 28285-99 C, P. All are priaad with A2 W 2 SWP Undercoatar. In A2 W 4 SWP Gloss White card 2 tha ccaparlsona era: 175 pounds 6680 Titanox RCHt 105 " du Pont's Sample A 105 " du Pont's Saopla B 105 " Titanox C-50, 6686 Each is usad in combination with 50 pounds each of 6600 dry anatase TlOa and 6603 dry anataaa sand-chalk. Tha aaaw proportions ara tasted in A2 W 8 SWP Trim and Tinting White, card 5 shaded both to Berkeley Tallow and Chelsea Cray, conforming to tha regularly uaad titanium content of this rax. Panels 28504-9 CS, CM, F were prepared for exposure at Chicago, north and south vertical, and at Florida, south, all cedar bevel aiding panels primed with A2 W 2 SWP Undercoatar. Tha series is intended to evaluate Ti-Whita A-39, an anatase titanium dioxide of Japanese manu facture. Its source is tha Baird Chemical Corporation, 10 W. 33rd St,, Mew York, N. Y. The material is tested in A2 W 6 SWP Fume Resisting White, card 5. One sanpls uses 50 pounds with 75 pounds of 6603 dry anatase semi-chalking Ti0a, and another 125 pounds alone. Other com. parlsons are: a. 50 pounds 6600 dry anatasa/75 pounds 6603 dry. b. 125 " Ti-Pur* FP. c. 125 " T.P. A-MO anatase. 0007-SWP-044062 0007-SWP-000113432 False Research October, 1938 -5- Frolact #177 - Plsaeat Studies Tha General Purchasing Departaant'* Frocursnant Information of Juno 19 announced that R. I. Vanderbilt will dietribute Clldden's tlceniua pigaonts under Vanderbilt1* trade nana Rayox. Sine* we Mjr b* approached for infornatlon retarding the quality of (Hidden'* nat. arlala aa cohered with Titantun Fignaat, da Font or American Cysnswid, paint* wore nade with the various TiO* plgpaats for exposure taata at Chicago and Florida. Unitan* O-220 to be added vboa available. J22 W laterals White 523 W " " 32b W " " 525 W " *' 526 W Tria and Tinting White 527 W " "" 526 W '* "" 529 W " " 531 WSWF Close White " 332 W " 533 W Cllddsa R-88 Won-chalking rutile TlOg TiFura t 610 Lot 73b Q 5 " Tltanox RAWC Lot 57 C 21 #4 " Dnitana CR-640 Lot 418146 " Clldden R-66 non-chalking " Ti Fora R 610 Lot 73* Q 5 " Tltanox RAWC Lot D 57 C 21 #4 " Dnitana OR 640 Lot 418146 " Clldden SD Anatasa free chalking " Tl Pure FP Lot 5264 D 2J Tltanox A-MD Lot SF 57 C 1344 " Fannie 26795-26742 C ware exaalnad after 12 nonthe 45 south exposire in Chicago. These exposures ware nade to evaluate a nunber of rutlla tltaniun oxide pigaanta fron Wav Jereey Zinc and du Font in e fast dry autonotive alkyd, (37 C 83) Three of these pignents, R-76O.I, R-760-2, and R-760-3, represent noraal production batches of non-chalking TlOa fron Rev Jersey Zinc. One pigntnt, R-99 repreaanta aa axperinsatal super chalk resistant TiOp fron Rev Jersey zinc, du Font has also sent four saaplea of T10*. These pignents represent blend* of a nunber of lots for each of tha following gradest R 610, R 510, R 500 (chloride), and R 100 (chloride), do Pont aubaltted these saaplea for the purpose of coopering the various grades of their TiO* pignents. Four lots of o r 640, TlQ*. three lots of RAHC Tips and three additional lots of R 610 TlQa vers included as controls. Tha exposures shoved New Jersey zinc pignents to he ccaparable to those fron du Poet, R 610, and those fron Cslco Chemical, OR 640. One lot of Titsnliaa Flgnent's RAWC, showed excessive chalking, du Font's R 5I0, R 500, and R 100 shoved conparabls results. As would be expected, these three pignents did show a higher chalking rate than R 610. Hew Jersey Zinc's R-99 pigaent actually shows a higher rata of chalking than do tha standard aaterlals. These exposure* vara nade also in Florida. 0007-3^-044063 0007-SWP-000113433 Paint Research November, 1958 -13- Project #177 - Pigment Studies Figments ut needed that will product durable bright yellow hades at raaaonable coat. An extenaive aeriea of yellow pigments, 27518-78 C, hee been on expoanre for eight sonthe. Some work haa been done with 4 - k' - dinitrocarbanillde EMC, supplied by Merck. While not intended originally aa a pigment, it haa a desirable yellow color which cooparea favorably with Sanaa G. Reaulta are baaed principally on the original (ample which wae not purified or micro-pulverized, light atability after eight montha' exterior expoaure at Chicago ia conaiderably better than Banaa C and a little better than Banaa 10 G. Bxpoaurea were made in a latex vehicle alnee DNC ahowad bleeding in oil. EMC ia weaker than Banaa, requiring a larger amount to produce a ahade of equal depth. Exact ratio between the two aateriala and coat data have not been deter mined. It ia thought that the coat will be competitive with Hanaa. The oil bleed of DHC wee eaid to be due to the praaence of traeea of p-nitrenlllna which can be removed. A more recent aample deaignated MS-7k9 waa free from Impurity, laboratory teat* aa wall aa two oil painta made with thia material ahow no tendency to bleed. They Include a yellow point and SWP Vardaa Green which employe a conaldernble amount of yallow. Shade is satisfactory. Oil absorption of SMC la high, being In tho range of Banaa. While DNC shows promise aa a yallow plgmant, a more complete evaluation ia necessary. EMC haa good hast stability which may be useful in industrial finishes. It la also being tested in Kao Tinting Colore, 'hilt the particle else of the MS-749 sample appeared aatlafactory, it will be necaaasry to determine optimum particle alaa for beat tinting; strength and other pigmentary properties, there la some evidence that EMC will dliperae more readily than dry Banaa yallow. A larger supply la being obtained for further tasting. EMC and other yellows will ba exposed shortly at Chicago end Florida. This series will Include Banaa G 12251 and 10 G 12250 aa well as a new type, 12101. Others are du Pont Dalsoar Yellow and two related pulps from the Dry Color Department, D-3279 and D-3202. Dry forma of those pulps, D-32SO and D-3283 will alio be tested. Combinations of these pigments designed to produce standard colors in the Luco-Tex and Hurolite lines arc included. Faints from the earlier series will be used for comparison. 0007-SWP-044064 0007-SWP-000113434 Paint Raaaarch Novanber, 1956 -14Projact #177 - Copt. The Pallak Product* Conpaay hu furnlahed iNplaa of Japan*** Titaniun Dioxide produced by tha Purukawa Chanieal Coapengr of Japan for our evaluation* Tho Japanaa* liOg, Ti Pur* PP - lot 5264 D 25 and Ti Pur* 1 610 tot L-J65-26 will ba eoaparad for durability, chalklna and tint retention in SWF Tria and Tinting Whit* and Special SWF Ctoaa rhlta KZ ,i 4. Tha paint* will ha expoaad aa whitaa and ahadad blue to chock tint retention. Th* Purchaaing Oapartaant ha* alao furniabad anvalopa aanplaa of Japanaae TiOg froa M.V, Hardy and Coapaay. the producer of thia naeaxial la tha Tochlgl Chaaleal Znduatry Coapany, Ltd. Baaad on pra1Ininary taata, tha Japan*** TiOa la lower in oil absorption, slightly atrongar in tinting strength and slightly vfaltar in appearance than 6600 dry (free chalking T10). A larger sanpla of this aaaterial was requested for aapoaure testa. 0007-SWP Feint RtIMrcb December, 1958 -13- Frolect #177 - Piaaent Studie* Expoiur* eerie* 26903-27022 F, C, examined after 12 month* at Florida and at Chicago, vertical iouth, evaluate* aeverel rutile pigment* of the R-760 type fro* Mew Jersey 2inc Company. Lots #1, 2 and 3 of R-760 are production aeaple* and X-99 1* experimental. All penela ere cedar bevel elding primed with A2 W 2 SWF Ondercoater* The R-760 plgiMats are compared with certain do Font sample* aa noted below. All were wade up into four group* of paint*: A2 tf 0 SHF Trim and Tinting White, both at white and ahaded light blue, and Intends non-reactive pigmented low FFC, vhita and blue. Since theaa particular panel* ahowed lighter then norael nold growth at Florida, the contra*ta in fading and dirt were quite readily noticeable. Because the Internix teat* to date ahov little chalk end heavy dirt, the following reaulta at one year refer to the A2 tf 8 group unlea* apeclfied: Control, Unitana OX-640 -- Vary little chalk, aodarate dirt. Fading la rattier aerioua at Chicago; In fact, wora* than on aeverel teata, whereae at Florida the revere* 1* true. This la only one point in the numerical rating*. du Font'a R-610 and Mew Jaraty'a R-760, lota and #3 -- vary cloaely alike in all reapecta, and very ouch Ilka the control. Mew Jeraey'a R-760, lot #2, and their 1-99 -- the sane In the white aa thoa* cited above, but a little aore fading tendency (not verified at Chicago in the caae of X-99). du Font R-110, lot 836I -- aore chalky; cleaner in white*, but worse fading. du Font R-5IO (two iota) -- nuch Ilka 110, but one lot 1* clearly the oat chalky and Most faded of the aeries. The Anarlcan Cyanaoid Conpany has furnished saaplea of five lots of OR-jU and five lots of OX-640 titanium dioxides to be checked for uniformity and exterior durability. The titanium dioxide sanples will be evaluated in four paints: SHF Trim and Tinting White A2 W 8, Intermix White, FVA latex and aon-oxidieing type automotive enamel, laboratory batches of the SHF Trim and Tinting White end Intermix White have been made with each lot of TIQ2 end eheded blue to study tint retention. Fenelt era to be prepared for expoaure teat at Chicago io the near future. 0007-55WP-044066 0007-SWP-0001 Faint Research January, 1959 -10- Frojact #177 - Flgeent Studies Sxyoaura atrlaa 27070-82 F vaa exaninad altar 12 rantha at Florida, vortical south. Tbaaa ara cedar boral aiding panela primed with A2 W 2 SHF Undarcoeter. Production control eaaplaa of JtAHC tltaniw dioxide fro* Titaniun Flgeeat Corporation arc conparad in a aodlfled A2 H 8 SWF Trln and Tinting White, the guide or control aaapla of vhich uaea 180 poonda par 100 gallon* of 66JO dry rutile ncncbalklng tltanlua oxIda. All paint* ara ahadad light groan with phthalocyanina and farrlta baoai. Raault* at Florida land theaaelvaa quite readily at preeent to ample grouping!: a. The control fornula shew* nornal or aatiafactory color ratantion, vary little chalk and nornal dirt, would ha rated vary good In general appearance except for a noderate aaount of aold growth. Teat aaaplaa corresponding very eloaely to the control are: D57A1 04 D57A8 04 D57C16 04A D57C18 #4 b. Noticeably nora faded, but not wore chalky nor nore subject to dirt and aold: 057*15 #4, D57A31 #3A. D57C17 #3, end probably D57C17 #4, although it shows a trifle note dirt. c. D57A12 i6A. though differing In no othsr way fron those In group (a), looks slightly bast of the aeries because of having the least raid growth. d. D57a29 jh. though it has the esae light raid growth as (c) rates a* one of the poorest In general appearance because of greatest fading. Also, it la the only one to show rare than very slight chalk rub-off. A recant examination of parallel Chicago exposures at 14 ranths show no outstanding variations fron the above, but differences are smaller. Actually, D57C17 #4 Is tha only lot showing noticeably nore fading than nornal. D57C18 #4 and D57A1 ijM* are the only ones to show a slight superiority in this respect. 0007-SWP-044067 Paint Reaearch January, 1959 -11Prolect #177 - Cent. Tha saaa tan lota of RANC vara axpoaad in an ISO J automotive ana*el, baking typa. Duplicate expoauraa, 26J26-78, vara nada on natal In vhlta ananala and la blue tlata of thaaa eaaatal*. After IS aonthe' expofura in Florida and Chicago no aigalfleant dlffaraneaa in perforaance batman the tan lota eonld ba obaerved. Thaaa panala have baan ratnmad for furthar vaatharing. Tha houaa paint aariaa Included a aaapla of Japaneae tltaniun oxide fro* the Sao Paulo plant. Thla ma one of tha faataat chalking TlOg'a In a light tint ve have aver aaan. Ivan concldering that it obvloualy la an anataaa typa aona caution in lta uaa la Indicated. Sariaa 20725-46 C, F vaa prepared for expoeura to teat tha color atabllity of a group of yallo* plgnanta In PVAc painta baaed on National Starch'a 12 K 51. They Include a purified for* of Merck*a SMC dlnitro carbantlid# in both yallov and Varda* Green; three type* of Hanaa yallo* aupplied by tha Dry Color Department; du Font Salaoar Yellov and equlvalente fro* Dry Color in pulp and dry for*; 80 A 14 Sun Yallov atraight and in blanda; Luco-Tex Canton Yallov, regular and experimental formulae, and Mirollte PVAc yallova. 0007--SWP-044068 0007-SWP-000113438 i Paint Research February, 1959 -10- Project #177 - Plumant studiaa Exposure aariaa 24054-24107 C, f was studied recently after 24 months at Florida, vertical couth, and the aana at Chicago, Its supplement, 24264*99 C, P was alao covered, exposure conditions essen tially the sane. Our Monthly report of December, 1957, presented e one year progress report on these tests. Ml panels are cedar bevel siding prised with A2 W 2 SWP Undercoster. The nain purpose is to evaluate several tltanlua dioxides for tint retention. Intermix Lew NC and A2 W 8 SUP Trla and Tinting White are the basic formulas involved. Both are shaded light blue with phthalocyanine and, on account of the interest in chalking and clean-up, the sane paints are also tested as white, the following suaaury classifies the titanium plgeents on the basis of the most important results to date. Again, mold growth is not a problem at either location, but results on dirt collection show up in many cases as considerably acre interesting than at one year. Croup 1. Good tint retention. OMtaae CR-640 and R 610 (as before, relatively). Normal chalking, not particularly dean, but essentially as clean as any in the aeries. Croup 2. Poor tint retention. (a) As before, Qnitane OB 5^*, Ti-Pure R 510 sulfate process, Titanox RC, Ti-Cal R-27 (poorest, very yellow face), Titanox RCHT. (b) Down-graded from Group 4 formerly, Xl-Cal B 60 now seams very poor. Croup 3. , upper range, probably satisfactory, and TiA 50; not equivalent as before, but with the former showing a rather definite edge and BA 50 almost dropping to Croup 4. Croup 4. Sowewhat below normal, probably unsatisfactory. Ti-Pure R 510 chloride process (now R-500) and R 110 Z (now R 100) as before, relatively good in Intermix but poor in A2 V 8. 0007-SWP-044069 0007-SWP-000113439 Project #177 - Cont. Paint Reeearch February, 1959 -11- Supplementary Group du pont'a apaclal laoplaa ,,998 B and 8R-40-1, varlationa of R 610, were previouely ratad in Group* 2 and sine* chaa* ara in a laparat* axpoaura aariaa, with a guide coo- taininc OR 640, and aInca tha two year remits look rala- tivaly better, tbaaa deserve a raeonaftdaration. Both now mm at laaat equal to tha fuida in color retention, and ara normal in chalking and clean-up. Generally apaaking, tha sanplaa poortat in fading ara holding tha woat dirt on tha whita*. This dirt on tha tint*, plua aAarant chalk makes an unsightly auk, Tha only apparent exception la BA 50, which la on the poor aide for tint retention but cleaning up wall. Two related aariaa of axpoaura*, auabarad 27242-50 and 2726427507 F C wara atudied recently after one year at Plorida and at Chicago, vertical aouth. All ara cedar bevel aiding prised with A2 W 2 SWF Ondercoatar. The purpoaa la to evaluate three Nonaatral Rad pigmanta froai du Pont for which unuaual parnananc* baa bean claimed, namely Rad B, Red T and Violet R. Tha 27284 aariaa cover* the trial of thaaa pigment* in A2 W 8 SWP Tinting White and in Intend* Low PVC. further, each formula teat* tha color* in a light and dark tint approximating tha ahades of 6 and 22 grant of Raw Tinting Color Rod Oxide par pint of paint, raapactlvely. Thla color, reproducing a *tibia rad for practical uaa, aervM aa tha control. Baaldaa tha throe du Pont material*, toluldina ia alao included aa aa example known to be fugitive in tinte. Tha Plorida teat* in tha Intermix tinte ahov eerioua mold growth, but for purpoaeo of a ana year progreat report, it la felt that color retention only ehould be conaldarod. In thia tha Plorida and Chicago panala agree wall, with one exception. Rad oxide looka vary good, du Pont Rad T looka equally good; in face, in A2 V 8, la which chalking ia a factor, it looka boctor in moat caaaa. du Pont Red B la a little more faded than either of thaaa. A few cataa ahow it nearly equal, Toluldina, aa ex pected, ahowa extreme fading. Violet R la the exception mentioned above; Chicago panala ahow It conaiatently on a par with Rad B, Which la rather good for a violet ehada, but Florida panala ahow it definitely more faded. 0007-SWP-044070 0007-SWP-000113440 Project #177 - Coat. Paint Research February, 1959 -12- Sarias 27242-30 covtrs similar coaparisone in latex house paint, la this eaaa FVA Plexbond 800, tvo coata over oil primer. Tba two levels of color ara ona and four ouacaa par gallon on tba law Tinting Color basis. Though not chalking, thasa tasta ara all clean and bright, and tha ratings at the two locations agree wall. Except for toluldine, it ia difficult to choose between any pair of paints, since none ahow wore than "S'* fading, tad B and Violet t tend to show lightly wore fading than ted T or rad oxide, it should be Motioned that the were estiaata of fading or loss of color tells only part of tba story. Thasa plianta, though in sows cases wore susceptible to fading than red oxide, ara of great Interest because of their bright ness and eye-appeal, as against tha dull salaon color of rad aside. Panels 26629*36 C were prepared for exposure at Chicago only, vertical south, all cedar bevel siding prlMd with A2 W 2 SUP Undercoster shaded blue. These are a pert of a study which Includes FVA latex paints and non-oxidising automotive meal. Tba purpose is to evaluate certain titanium dioxides for chalking, fading and dura bility, as has bean dons over the past two years or so with a long list of TiOa pigments. Tha ones covered by thia aeries are Calco's OR 640 and OR 3h0, five lota of each having been submitted to check for uni formity of production. The OR 340 sanples ara compared against a guide paint using Tl-Pura R 910 and the OR 64o sables against Sew Jersey Zinc's R 76O. All ara Incorporated in two foraulas: regular A2 W 8 SWF Trim and Tinting White and Intermix Low PVC, both being shaded light blue. 0007-SWP' Paint Research August, 1999 .11. Project #177 - Plement Studies The Cleveland Purchasing Dapartsaat has requested aa evalu ation for color and strength of several competitive phthalo Groan Lake colors with S-W Solfast Green Lake 79-C-27. Pastolu* Green 6A-2500 from Anabacher Slagle Corporation was found to ha the nearest natch In masstone and strength to 79 C 27. The Bellogan Green CL Powder freo General Cyestuff Company appeared to be the second best natch for the Sherwin-Williams material. Ccnoarlaon With 79 C 27 Color Strength Bellogen Green CL Pdr. General Dyeatuff Co. Slightly light In color Equal but greener 2nd best match Pastolux Green - 64-2500 J-65654 (Ansbacher Slagle Corp.) Sana color Same strength but greener. Best natch. Monastral GL-761-D B. I. do Pont Chalky and lighter Week In tinting strength. Monestral Green Lake OL-754-D (SD-518)* B. 1. da Pont Light sad chalky Very weak. Pbthalocyanlne Green Lake Standard Ultramarine and Color Co. Light and chalky Rich stronger than 79 C 27. *Keeosnended for fleer coverings only and restricted for sale. 0007-SWP-044072 0007-SWP-000113442 Paint Reaeareh October, 1959 -14- Proltet 41TI - Pigment Studioa Exposure panel* 50527-54 c, P war# prepared for Florida and Chicago, vortical aouth. Thaaa ara all on eodar bavol aiding and 12 N 2 SH7 Ondarcoatar ia uaad for tha prising coat. Tha main purpoaa of this aariaa la to avaluata Ti-Pure R-900. Thie TiC^ ia submitted bp do Pont aa an 'improved R.5OO chlorida type." Materiala compared with 1-900 arc R-500, R-510, Onitana OR-640 and OR-51*0, and Titenox IA-50. Thaaa ara triad in A2 W 6 SOT Trim and Tinting White, which carxiaa R-610 and ia uaad aa tha gulda paint, in axtana ion of tha above cenparlaona la nada by tacting tha follow ing in Intermix Low PVC: R-610, R-900, R-5C0 lot 6210 (chlorida) and R-510 lot 1181 (aulfato). All tha palnta aantlonad ware put out both aa whlta and ahadad light blua with phthalocyaaina. A eecondary purpoaa of tha aariaa ia to avaluata Unitana 0R-540, a new aauple coded lot 117223 aa agalnat tha regular material uaad in tha paat. Tha now grade ia clainad to have aoftor texture and improved watting and grinding proper tlaa. Rxpoauraa 25842-80 F, C vara araaiinad after 24 aontha at Florida, vortical aouth, and nearly 5 nontba at Chicago, north and aouth. All ara cedar bevel aiding panala, priaad with A2 V 2 SOT Vndercoatar. Tha main purpoaa of the aariaa la to avaluata five lota of aulfato proeeaa T10* and five lota of chlorida procaaa TiQa, fren du Pont. Aa comparison pignenta, wa have uaad R-610, regularly uaad in A2 W 6 SOT Trim and Tinting Whlta, vhlch ia uaad aa tha baaic formula and guide paint, TPC'e BA-50 and Maw Jersey Zinc'a R-730. Tha aariaa conalata of tha A2 W 8 in white and la yellow and gray tlnta. Tallowing of tha whlta palnta ia a prime conaldaration, aa wall aa chalking, durability and tint retention. Referring to the whiter, wa have cheeked thaaa panaia at Chi cago much more frequently than uoual in tha early atagoa, trying to apot rutile yellowing, particularly in damp weather. Mona vaa noted during tha firat a lx aontha (apring and auiwaar of 1937). hut with tha wet weather of lata October and Rovamber, with chalking Just atarting to develop, eoma alight occurrence of yellowing waa aeon. In a apo dal aariaa of elx reedlnge in November, December and February (up to 9 nontha), rutile yellowing waa obaorvad to be rather noticeable on the gulda but vary alight on any of tha taata. In chalking and dirt, tha very alight differancea within tha chlorida and tha aulfata group* ware aa great aa any differancea noted throughout the aariaa. 0007-SWP-044073 0007-SWP-000113443 Projoet jtlT7 - Coot. Paint Research October, 1959 -15- Considering Cho white* at a lator stage, JO souths at Chicane, in a relatively vet period of October, 1959, there wee a i<ewh*t dif ferent picture. Panel* which ebowed fairly noticeable though not par ticularly bad yellowing are R-750 and all but one of the five eulfate espies. Shewing a very alight yellowing were the R-610 guide end 1A-50, The chloride eaaplee showed no yellowing. Chalking at this etage was nomal for all, rated 6 or 7. The chloride eaaplee were cleaner than the eulfate or any others. The chloride empire showed lose sold on the sooth, but the reverse was vary obviously true of tbii north penal*. florid* white testa show definite rutile yellowing at 2k souths on the E-7JO ample only. RA-JO and three of the five sulfate sanples show slight yellowing, all others none. The chloride teste sight be given a slight adge with regard to sold and dirt. Concerning the tints, no location shows any clear-cut dif ferences in fading or in sold and dirt. The grays look poorest be cause of white chalk-nssk, and one of the chloride lots, i^lh, show* up as slightly the worst of the series. The &-610 guide looks bast by a snail aargln. 0007-SWP--044074 Paint Research November, 1959 Prolect #177 - Pit--at Studies -15- Banal* 30711-20 C, P vara axpoead at Chicane and at Florida, vortical south, all eadar baval aiding prised with A2 W 2 SWF Undercoatar. Th* purpoe# va* to avaluata Mlatron Talc a* uaad with th# cationic surfactant Arquad 2HT. Clalaa have boon aeda for coaaldarabla iaprovasant In tha body charactarlatlca, lavaling, ate., of home painta containing Mlatron when auch an agent la uaad. For comparison purposes, Kytal 300, Daaartalc Mo. 53. and Mlatron NSC, a ataarata aurfaca treated tale, are Included. Th* apaclfle Mlatron talca taatad with and vltbouc Arquad 281, at about 1.55, arc ,H39. Vapor CZ and T-O76. Four panel* war* prepared for expoaure at Chicago and Florida, vertical aouth, numbered 30726-30 C, F. These vare cedar bevel aiding, prised vith A2 V 2 SHF Undercoater. Tha purpoaa la to evaluate P-25 ultra-fine tltanlun dlomlda fros Codfrey l. Cabot, lae. It 1* triad only in A2 V 8 SWT Trim and Tinting White in relatively ana11 asounta to determine whether it could be uaed to Inereaaa tba chalking rate through addition aa on tha color Meter to provide a white at vail aa a tinting beat. Tha asounta uaad are 1/4, l/8 and l/l6 pound*. The painta are ahadad blue, ao that not only chalking but fading difference* should be eaay to ascertain. Expoaure aeries 28285-99 F, C was axaninad recently after 12 souths at Florida and 14 nonthe at Chicago, vertical aouth. All are cedar baval siding panels prised with A2 8 2 SHF Undereoatsr of Batching shads. Tba purpoaa via to avaluata two axperlsantal aaoplaa of 50$ Tl-Cal plgsants frea du Pont, daaigaatad only aa aasplaa A and B, R-50 type. Fir at, these vara tried In A2 V 4 SHF does White, Card 2, tba basic forauls of which (uaad aa guide) carries 175 pounds of 6600 dry BCHT, along vlth a asallar amount of enatase Tip*. Difference* In petfornance are minor; the tpeclale eaas somewhat alovar in clean-up than tha guide, yat they show leas sold growth. A aasple using Titanox C-30 tea* tha ease aa aanpla B. On aosa occasions, however, tha Tl-Cal 50 pigments show savers rutile yellowing, tha Titanox C-50 none. Second, comparisons were aadc in A2 W 8 SWF Trim and Tinting White, Card 6, ahadad both to Berkeley Tallow and to Chelsea Cray. Th* basic formula and guide in tbia caae carrias 325 pounds of 8685 dry RC. Although showing up much nora at Florida than at Chicago, tha regular has such better tint retention than alther of tba special aasplaa or C-50. Th* guide, perhaps because of laaa frea chalking, shows consider ably nora sold growth and somewhat more dirt than tha tests. Again, occasionally tha du Pont aasplaa showed rutile yellowing. 0007-SWP-044075 0007-SWP-000113445 Paint Reeaerch January, I960 -34- Project #177 - Hwwt Studiaa Evaluation of du Pont R 900 Joimsonvilla chloride proceea TIO* in KJOJ-typa automotive enamele vaa carried out, comparing ita parfoniance with that of both du Pont R ^10 and R 610 aulfete procaaa T10a pigmenta. Two enamela were prepared with each TiO*, ualng two different lota of coconut alfcyd and melamine reain in each pair. Tha R J10 Tl(^; uaed waa a ceopoaita mixture of lota 111*2, 1162, and 1122, tot Mo, 279R41 R 610 T10a wee uaed. There wee no lot number on the aample of R 900 which vaa uaed. However, It la the only actual production aampl.a of R 900 which haa been received tfaua far. Pigment dlaparelon vaa eccompllelied with a three-paia grindlni procedure on the roller mill. A cample of pigment baae waa removed from each formulation after each paae, then let down to form the final paint. Tha raeultant 16 palate vara each drawn down twice on glare with tha 3 mil drawdown blade. One eet of dravdowna waa given the conventional bake of 30 minutea at 230 P. The other aet received the conventional bake an well ea an overbake of 30 minutea at }00 P Photovolt 60 gloae meeimremanta were made on the baked dravdowna. Alao Bagman grind readinge wore taken on tha topcoate. The reeulte of the gloaa and Hagman grind readinge are ahown in tha table below. Paint Paeeea 60P Gloaa Pigmenta- Thru Hegman After 30 Min. tion Mill . Grind at 230? Bake 60 Gloaa After Overbake 30 Min. at 300P Pointa of Cloaa boat Opon Overbake RS 2909 ft Rn 900 1 2 7-1/2 7-1/2 tt tt 3 7-1/2 RS 2910 It f* RII 3U> 1 1 2 3 5-1/2 6 7 RS 2911 R 610 1 7-1/2 PI II 2 7-1/2 tl It 3 7-1/2 RS 2IT912 R 900 tt 1 2 7 7-1/2 tl tt 3 7-1/2 RS 2913 R 510 1 5 M fl 2 5-1/2 W II 36 RS 2914 R 610 1 6 n II 27 1 II 3 7-1/2 95 89 85 90 68 85 66 66 85 89 64 84 67 72 72 78 75 72 87 8 B9 0 85 0 82 8 64 4 77 8 79 9 78 8 74 9 80 9 78 6 77 7 58 9 64 8 66 6 68 10 66 9 67 5 0007-SWP-044076 0007-SWP-000113446  \r*. Projtjjtl22i^!2i* Flint Ktiurch January, i960 JJ* Hot* that both topcoat* having R 3IO pigmentation (RS 2$10 and RS 2913) showed a lower grind than the R 900 and R 610-containing topcoat* after both the firit and third paaa through the roller mill. Thi* ia probably explained by the fact that, in forming a composite lot mixture of R 310, the pigment* were put on the shaker. The procedure caused the pigment particle* to form pabblc-lika agglomerate*, thus aggravating the grinding condition*. Notice also that R 900 performed very similarly to R 610 with respect to Hcgoan grind. Both topcoats with R 900 pigmentation showed a higher 60 glos* than the corresponding topcoats pigmented with R J10 and R 610. However, the exceptionally low glosses shown by RS 2913 end F.S 291k era difficult to explain. Also difficult to explain ia the lowering of topcoat gloss effected by multiple peases of the pigment base through the roller mill. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that further passing of the pigment baas through the roller mill increased the dirt pickup, thus decreasing the gloss, this explanation, however, does not seam too likely. The next step in the testing procedure was to epllt each of the six topcoat batches into two equal portions. On* of thee* portions of RS 2910 was tinted with B72 L 2 blue tinting has* to a light blue. Thu following table indicates the relative amount* of pignmat base added per gram of topcoat in order to produce a satisfactory shads. Feint % lit. Vt. B72 L 2 Tinting Base Ontlnted Added to Produce R - Wt. Tinting Base Topcoat Color Ketch Wt. Untinted Topcoat RS 2909 R 900 800.0 139.1 0.1739 RS 2910 R 510 800.0 {Std.) RS 2911 R 610 800.0 lkl.O 138.3 0.2762 0.1731 RS 2912 R 900 8k3.0 RS 2913 R 310 810.0 127.2 131.8 0.1505 0.1627 RS 291k R 610 823.0 116.6 0.1kl3 0007--SWP-044077 0007-SWP-000113447 Project ^177 - Cent. Paint Research January, I960 -36- Tha tint* of U 2909 (R 900) and RS 2911 (R 610) aateh vary wall with tha atandard RS 2910, but E5 2912 (R 900), RS 2913 (R 510), and RS 2914 (R 610) all showed a raddlab undartona, and thus wart lapoesible to aateh aa cloaaly aa tha othera, without tba addition of a different tinting base. Since any paint in tba latter three differed in foraulatlon frea tha cocreepending paint In tha ferner throe only in tha lota of vehicle uaad, the rad undartona proaent in tha latter three nuat be due to one or wore of the vehlclee preaent. tha east atap la to (prey all topcoate, tinted and untlntad, onto 6" x 12" Bonderite "100" panel* which have previouoly bean prised with Acne 407 R 39 epoxy-type prlaer aurfaeer, and water aanded. Three panale will be sprayed for each topcoat. One panel will be uaad for phyolcal testing, while the other two will be given Florida or Chicago exposure. 0007-SWP-044078 0007-SWP-000113448 Paint Reaearch Hatch, I960 -23- Prclect #177 - Pit--nt Btudiea Expoeure panala 27070-81 t are being retired after 24 aeathii at Florida, vertical eouth. All ara eadar baval aiding, prlaad with A2 V 2 sn Ondercoater. Parallel Chicago panala ware alao examined at 24 aoathe, and raaaln on taat. Thla aarlaa waa reported in January, 1939* Zt conatlttttaa a quality control taat of MNC Tip* production, uaing tan aaaplaa takan randoaly iron RANC prodnctlon by the Tltanlua Pigment Corporation in 1957. Thaaa vara put into a andlflad A2 W 8 SWP Trln and Tinting White, at 180 pounda par 100 gellona, aa etraighit auhatltntlona for Tl-Pura R-610, The R-610 paint earvae aa a guide or control on one.third of each panel. The palnta ara ahaded light green, uaing phthalocyanlna blue and farrlta baaaa. The epacial aanplaa uaad, with brief reeulta to data, follow. Thera la no checking or cracking at either location. The only plainly noticeable difference in parfornanca throughout la a yallcwlah ehalk-naak on the guide, aa agalnet a white aaak on the taata. All ara quite unsatisfactory bacauaa of thla poor color retention. D57 A 1 #4. A bit laaa fading, noticeably leas old than guide. D37C 16 #U Aa preceding at Florida, nora Ilka guide at Chicago. D57A 8 #4 Sana fading as guide, but nuch less old growth. D37 H3 #4 Aa preceding. 037 A 12 #6A Sane 037 A 29 #3 Sana D37 A 31 #3A Sane 037 C 17 #3 Sane D37 C 17 #4 Baaentlally the sane at Florida. Chicago howa a hit aora fading hut laaa dirt collection than guide. D37 C 10 #4 Seeas aoat faded of all at Florida, by a alight aargln, but Chicago panel doea not confirm thia; llttla mold, ona of the cleanaat. 0007-SWP-044079 0007-SWP-000113449 Paint Research May, I960 *l6" Pg.1*et #177 - fltnvH*. Panola 31936-47 C,r ware prepared for exposure at Chloego and at Florida, vortical south. All an cedar bevel siding prlasd with A2 V 2 SUP Undercoater. lbs testa consist of (a) throe Mbnutral colors sub mitted by the R. 1. du Foot Color Division, (b) toluldias red and (e) iron oxide, all used both in A2 U 8 SUP Trim and Tinting White and in Xatemlx Low PTC White. The du Pont Monaatral colors are Red T, Scarlet B and Maroon. These were converted by the ftmlslon laboratory into Ooiversal Tinting Colors, ouribered 7 W 125, 7 U 126 and 7 V 127* The other tiro naterials used were Solfaet Red A2 R 32 (tolnldlne) and KTC Rsd Oxide. Series 319^-51 C,F was prepared to evaluate the du Pant pigaente in a latex vehicle. 0007-SWP-044080 0007-SWP-000113450 Paint kaaaarch June, I960 -15- Prolact #177 - Piaaant Studlaa Tha Tltanlua Flgnant Corporation baa furaiahad aaaplaa of lwprorad Tltaaox C-JO for loapactloo. Tha now pliant appaarad to ha hattar la whltaoaaa and In clarity of tint toaa. gxparlaantal batchaa of Saai-Uiatrt White 136 W 7 autda with tha ragular and now Tltaaox C-JO to ctaack tha eoaparaelva parfonanaa. xha now C-50 plgaant appaarad to ha ldantleal to tha praaant atoek of Tltaaox C-50 in general performance, with aowawhat hattar brlgbtneaa aa claimed, Tha raplacaaont of 6666 dry by tha naw Tltaaox C>50 way require acme time In ordor to aoka adjoataanta In tinting atreogth that nay ho nacaaaary In intermix fomulatlona. Taat data ara llatad In tha following tabla. Paint 0J 617 T OJ 618 T Figment 6686 dry (Tltanaa C-50} Haw Tltanox C-JO Paint Vlscoalty #3 Prash 2k Houro 25.0^ 29.0" 27.0" 29.0' Bruahlng Good Good Plow Good Good 60 Shown Drying Sat- to-touch 2k Or. Through Dry 5k k hr. 5O win. Good 55 5 hr, 30 win. Good Brlghtnwaa (0) Hiding (B/fo) 78. k 9k.2 79.k 9k.5 0007-SWP-044081 0007-SWP-000113451 Palat laaaarch July, I960 -23- Ptuiuct #177 - Pltaaat fltudlaa Sarlaa 52144-33 CS, r w rrmnd fur wruiw la CMw ad Florida, vertical aouth, on cadar banral aiding paaala prlaad with 12 V 2 W OBteectttt, Tha purpoae la to cry ultrafina P-23 tltanloi dioxide la A2 W 8 SHF Trla aad Tinting White, to aaa If thla will produce a alight laeraaaa la chalking rata. Tha palat la taatad both aa whlta and tlatad light blue with phthalocyaalaa. Thraa aawplaa waxa aada, ualng l/l6, 1/8 and 1/4 pound* of P-23. Sarlaa 32158-83 CS, F wara praparad far axpoaura at Chicago aad Florida aouth wartlaal. Thla la a quality aaotrol toot of B-900 ualng ala lota aalactad at raadaa by da Pout. They ara eewpared with varieua tltanlw plgaanta aa llatad below, la BWP Tria aad Tinting Whlta AS V B and Intermix Whlta. du Pont will prapara aiallar aspoauiraa. Tha aarlaa includaa 1*900 at 63 of tha aaouat of rwtUa TlOg norwelly uaad. xha palata ara tlatad to a light blua to ccapara tint rataatlon. Ti-Pura k-610 Lot 105 Ti-Pure R-900 Lot 4069 Tl-Pura 1-900 Lot 4124 Ti-Pnra R-900 Lot 4137 Tl-Pura 1-900 Lot 4167 Tl-Pura 1-900 Lot 4169 Tl-Pura 1-900 Lot 4210 Tl-Pura 1-510 Lot 1996 Titaaoa BA 50 Lot C60 1 20 - 6 Unltana 01 540 Lot 117911 Titanox SASC Lot D60 1 25 - Hi Unltana OR 640 Lot 418861 0007-SWP-044082 0007-SWP-000113452 Paint Baaaarch Auguot, I960 -16- Prolact - Plnent fltudlaa Expoaura aariaa 32158-63 F, C vaa prepared during tba aonth, for Chicago and Florida, vertical aouth. The purpoa* la to ovaluata du Pont*a Rr900 T10* pignent. A aaapla of lot #4069, rapraeanting du Pont'a ataadard chackad notarial and fiva other lota picked at randoa from currant production, vara auppllod bp Mr. M. C. Loodergan. Each of the air aaaplaa era triad in (a) A2 H 8 0 Trio and Tinting White and (b) intends Tinting White. They are introduced at 85 of the poundage of R-610 which la uaed in the guide or control paint for both the (a) and (b) porta. Other paint* included tor coaparlaon non K510, Tltenox RA 36 and RAWS and Onltane OR-540 and 01-640. All painta were ahadad light blue with 872 t 5 Phthalocyaalne Hue. The uaual painting procedure, cedar bevel aiding prised with A2 V 2 SWP Dndarcoator, woo need in the icrieo. Sarlea 32196-219 CS, P uae prepared for uxpoaure at Chicago and Florida aouth vertical. Thie ia a quality control teat of R-900 titanlua dioxide ainilar to 5215&-83 above but ia atandard A-100 latax houae paint. The painta are tinted blue to cooper* tint retention. All teat panala have a throe coat ayitan on redeedar. The loft half haa two eoata of blua tint over Wood Undoreoatar A6 W 26. The right half haa throe coata of later paint, with A6 w 30 A-100 Super White aa the firat coat. The pigment* which appear in thla teat again include air lota of R.900, Tl Pure R-310 and 610, Titanoz RA-50 and RANC, and Dnitene OR-540 and 640. In oil painta, 83 part* by weight of R-900 Titanlua dloaida give hiding equal to 100 part* of the other grade* of rutile titanlua dioxide, preliaintry teat* with R-900 in later painta do not give the eaaw roaulta. 0007--SWP-044083 Paint Raaaarch Saptaabar, i960 -16- Pro lace ^177 - Piwutnt gtudlaa In tha Paiat laaaarch Monthly Report for August a reference ia aada to aevarel lota of T1 Para R-900 axpoaad in tha SWP Ttla and Tinting whita A2 V 6 and Intermix Tinting White. Thaaa lota of R-900 vara introdoead at 85* of tha Ti Pura r -610 poundage uaad m tha various painta. Tha painta axpoaad in thla aariaa hava baan appllad at aqual fila thleknaaa and checked for brightnaaa and hiding char, actariatiea. Thaaa valnae ara raportad in tha data which follows. Experimental Data on Brightnaaa and Biding SBP Trin and Tlntlna Whita A2 V 8 Paint Titaniva Dioxide Pounda Brightnaaa Ovar Contraat Ratio TiO. Whita Black b Ai 694 Y 701 T 702 T 705 Y 70b Y 705 Y 86b T Ti Pura 1.610 Ti Pars 1-510 i-m Titanax 11 50 w Onitana OK 540 Titanox RAMC iw Unitana OK 6b0 iw Ti Pura 1.900 lot bOOJC38 1720 8e.o* 81.6 81.6 62.0 81.8 61.8 62.6 79.3* 79.8 79.4 79.5 79.8 79.2 81.0 97.0 97.7 97.3 97.0 97.6 96.9 96.0 695 Y 696 Y 697 Y 698 Y 699 Y TOO Y Ti Pura 1-900 lot 4069 Ti Pura 1-900 lot bl2b Ti Pura 1.900 lot bl57 Ti Pura 1.900 lot bl67 Ti Pura 1.900 lot bl69 Ti Pura 1.900 lot belO m 146# 146# 146# 146# m 82.b 83.7 83b 83.8 8b.b - 63.8 80.8 82.0 82.0 62.0 82.5 82.2 98.1 96.0 98.4 97.9 97.8 98.1 Rxperiaental Data on Brightnaaa and Biding Intaraix Tlntlna Whita Paint 706 Y 713 Y 7lb Y 715? 716 Y 717 Y 865 Y Tltaniixi Dioxida Pounda T10* Si Pura 1-610 225# Ti Pura 1-510 225# Titanox RA-50 225# Cnltana 01 5b0 2250 Titanox RAMC 2250 Unitana 01 6U0 225# Ti Pura 1-900 lot 4003038 2250 Brightnaaa Ovar Whita Black 82.5* 81. 4 83.0 82.8 86.8 B5.8 82.b 80.2* 83.0 81.2 81 .b 8b.2 82.6 81.2 Contraat Ratio b Ai 97.2 97.4 97.8 96.2 97.2 96.4 98.6 (Coot.) 0007-SWP-044084 0007-SWP-000113454 Prolact #177 - Cant. Paint Research September, I960 -17- Rxparlaantal Data on Brightnaa* and Hiding Intermix Tinting Vhlta (Coat.) Paint Tlteniua Dioxide Pound* Brightnaa* Ovar contraac Katie TiOb White Blacfc b A> 707 Y 708 Y 709 Y 710 Y 711 Y 712 Y Ti Pur* B-900 tot 4069 Ti Pur* R-900 tot 4124 Ti Pure B-900 tot 4197 Ti Pur* R-900 tot 4167 Ti Pur* 1-900 tot 4169 Ti Pur* R-900 tot 4510 190# 190# 190# 190# 190# 190# 83.9 86.3 89.8 82.0 83.4 81.7 88.1 83.7 83.5 80.6 82.0 80.4 96.3 97.0 97.3 98.5 98.4 98.3 Painta vara praparad for axpoaur* to nonpar* tha durability , tint retention and brightnaa* of SHP Gloaa White A2 W 4, 8WP Trla and: Tinting White AS W 8 and SK? Puna Keaiating Whit* AS W 6. The tlteniua ealcitaa femulation* war* canparad with apaeial foranlaa baaed on Ti Pure R-610, replacing tha TiOg in tha tltaniuw calciun, and alao of Ti Pure &-900 at 100 and 83$ of the Ti Pure h-610 poundage. Tha brightnaaa and hiding value* of tha experimental painta, when freahly applied and after bleaching for thraa daya, are reported in tha following data. Etlnt Product 903 Y A2 W 4 Card 9 6680 dry 904 Y A2 V 4 Card 9 6630 for 6680 Praah Paint-Out Contraac Brlghtnaaa Ovar Ratio _White Black JJiL Paint-Out Bleached: 3 Dave Contract Brlghtnaaa Over Ratio White Black BM 84.355 81.3$ 96.4 83.9$ 80.7$ 96.4 83.2 80.7 97.0 82.6 60.0 96.9 905 Y A2 W 4 Card 5 R-900 for 6630 83.6 906 Y A2 W 4 Card 3 63.1 85* Ti Pure R-900 81.0 80.6 96.9 97.0 82.6 80.1 82.0 79.4 97.0 96.8 (Cont.) 0007-SWP-044085 0007-SWP-000113455 Paint Roaoarch SaptMbar, I960 -18- Prolact #177 - Cent. Faint Product 9071 A2 H 8 Card 6 6685 Dry 908 I A2 W 8 Card 6 6650 for 668; Fraah Paint-Out Contraat Brlghtnaaa Ovar Ratio Whlta Hack -ftAL 85.7# 62.4* 96.0 85.8 83.3 97.1 Paint-Out Blaachad !) Dy Contraat Brlghtnaaa Ovar Ratio White Black JbJSL 84.4* 81.2* 96.2 85.O 82.6 97.2 909 I A2 W 8 Card 6 86.1 R-900 fee 6650 84.0 97.6 85.6 83.0 97.0 910 T A2 W 8 Card 6 85.7 85$ Ti Pura R-900 82.7 96.5 84.6 81.6 96.5 911 T A2 V 6 Card 5 6660 Dry 63.6* 82.9* 912 Y A2 V 6 Card 5 6650 for 6680 84.2 82.0 913 r A V 6 Card 5 84A R-900 for 6630 82.4 914 Y ASH 6 Card 5 84.0 81.8 dyf, Ti Pure R-900 6680 dry - Titanox SCHT 665O dry - II Pura 1-610 666? dry - Titane* RC 96.8 97.4 97.6 97.4 65.O 62.3 85.8 61.5 84. 2 82.1 83.6 61.6 96.8 197.3 97.3 97.6 0007-SWP--044086 0007-SWP-000113456 Project #177 - Cont, Paint Reeaarch September, I960 -19- More work wee done with R-900 In Latex paints. Xt wsa tasted In 4-100 fatten Boose Paint and In 8atd-61oas PV4 Wall Psint. Only ellthely better biding Is obtained, bat R-900 helps to Increase the glosa * the wall paint. Zt is not as easy to incorporate Into latex paints as other grades of tltanlun dioxide used so far. Xt Is still possible that a way of incorporating R-900 into a latex formula can be found which will result in batter hiding. Panels 52314-22 C, F were prepared for exposure at Chicago and at Florida, vertical south, all cedar bevel siding prlned with AS W 2 SWF Undercoater. This series Is intended to evaluate Y1 Pore R-900 and Tl-Pure PC titanium dioxides in 42 V 4 SWP Gloss White. The R-900 is tried both as 100$ and in lsaaer amounts as replacement for the rutile TiOp in titanium-calcium plgncnt and the PC, an anataaa grade, is used similarly with respect to the Ti-Pure pp or similar pigment normally used. Certain changes in leaded sine content are also involved. Panels 52418-20 CS, CD, F ware prepared for exposure at Chicago north end south vertical and at Florida south only, comparing the regularly uead 7702 dry F.C. blue egelnet e new P.C. blue fluabed color FL-11-528 la gnamalold glue. 0007--SV/P--044 087 Paint Research October, i960 -22- Proltot 177 - Element Studio* Sarlas 2959?-62b 9 aa examined aftar 12 months' ampoaure in PIorIda, vartloal aouth. thfta aarlaa oralsataa Ollddaa'a 1-88 non-chalking rutile TiCfc and fraa-chalking anataaa SD grade* In intermix Whit*, SOT Trim and Tinting Whit* A2 W 8 and SOT Clean Chita A2 V 4. standard approved grade* were need aa control*, after 12 month*' aspeaura tha CUddan titanium oxide* ara equal to ccnperable approved grade*. Iipoaura penal* 31357-31368 V vara avaninad aftar elx month*1 Florida axpoaur* at Ijo aeeth. fhl* aaria* 1* concerned vlth the svaloatlon ef de Pent'* l 900 titanium dloKlda in aa H30-J type automotive enamel, both a* a uhlte and aa a blue tint. do Pent'a 1 J10 and 2 610 T1021* vara need aa control*, lech paint va* prepared uaing two dif ferent lot* of vehicle. All th* topcoat* vara applied over Acne k07 B 39 pr leas-nrfacer. In general, tha raaulta after aix month*1 axpoaur* are favor able. go vieual chalking, cracking, or bllataring vara obaarvad. Mildew was praaant in about equal amount* on each panel. The vlaual and 60 float raadlnga abowad eonaldarablp more variation between tha two differart loic of vehlcla than batvaan tha differsat pigmentation*. To ounaariaa: aftar 6 nonthe1 axpoeura, B-900 cooperb* favorably with both B-5I0 and r -610, with no aignifleant differaaces being obaarvad. 0007-SWP-0440B8 Paint Kirntth Novaabtr, I960 -19- Prolact #177 - Plaaont Studies Jour aanplea of tltanlua dioxide produced by tha 1m porta Tltanlua Llaltad, 14 Baaovar Square, London, England, w eanparad with rapraaantatlva types aanufaetured by E. I, du Pont da Raaoora and Conpany. Th# tltanlua dioxidae were eoapared for biding la tha Intaralx Whlta foraulstlon, which carrlaa 279 pounds of TIG* par hundred galIona. Tha palnta warn cbacked for hiding oa th* Hunter Reflactoaster. Intereat in la Porta tltanlua plgaanta la incraaaad by tbalr aaaoclatlon with Aaarlean Potash and Chaaleal Corporation la eonatrwetlon of a TIO* plant la California, 1. Tlona G (para anatea* TIO*) eanparad with Ti-Pure fj 6600 deyr. 2. Tlona T.D* (aaataaa TIO* treated for aawfaun raalatane* to after-yellowing) eoapared with Tl-Pure LO-CR 6606 dry, 9* tuna X.H. 20 (rutlla TICfe traatad for aaxtaua chalk raalatanca) eanparad with Tl-Pure R 610 6630 dry. 4. Kuna sc (untreated rutlla TIC*) ecaparad with Tl-Pura S 110 6640 dry. Hiding Charactarlatlca of Palnta Paine 57 Z 56 z 59 Z 60 z 61 z 62 z 65 z 64 z Tltanlua Dioxide Tl-Pura TP Tlona G Tl-Pura LO-CR Tlona TD Tl-Pure R 610 Rung RH 20 Tl-Pura R 110 Runa RC Hiding Characterlitlce Contraat Satloa Wffl..... --7il--1 H'HTnBEW 97.2 96.6 97.0 96.8 96.5 96.5 96.9 96.6 97.4 96.5 96.9 97.5 97.2 97.2 97.2 97.0 99.0 96.8 96.4 96.1 96.4 96.1 98.6 96.3 96.4 98.2 97.8 98.1 96.6 96.1 97.6 96.1 Tha hiding cottar laona in ganoral are vary cloaa. although it ahould b* noted that thaea raaulta are baaad on only one aaapla of each type of T10*. Rune GS appeared to ha slightly batter than Tl-Pure R HO. 0007 -SVU1-0^4089 0007-SWP-000113459 Prolact #177 - Coat, Paint Raaaarch Noveaber, i960 -20- Tha E. X. *1 Pont da Baaoura Company Wblta Pigment Mvleion haa claimed that Tl-Pure t 900 baa 1} to battar opacity than Ti-Pure K 610 la advent typo palnta. In order to ebook tboaa elaima, Tl-Pure E 900 wee coaparad with aavaral other rntlla TlGg plgmenta for hiding eharactarlatlca in SOT Trim and TintIns Wblta *2 W 8 noting a pound for pound and an 8yf> replaeaaaat for the TlCfe content. Two aata of palnta vara prepared vlth different lota of each type of TlCfe to chack tha hiding power of tha varloua TIC** plgnanta In tha serlea. Work to data haa Indicated that Tl-Pura K 900 haa acne advantage In opacity over other rutile gradaa. Although l 900 loot vary little in eontreat ratio In going free 172 to 146 pounda par 100 gallona, thin alao waa true of tha other gradaa. Thla work pointed out tha need for battar experimental con trol in running contreat ratloa. Actually tha noet algnlfleant factor la tha data waa that tha eeeond run (on different paint aaaplea) gave eonalstantly high reeulta. Evidently eoaa factor euch aa temperature or netting of the drewdom gaga waa out of control. Attaapta will be aada to locate tha cauae of auch arrora and to ellalnata them. Tahlee are attached ahovlng averaged and Individual data. Analye la of thaae data above that tha 9confidence Unite on individual contract ratio aaaeuraaanta la about + .5. Analyala of variance ahova that both tha type of pigment and the level of tha pigment have a aignlflcant affect on hiding power at about tha 90$ level. Tha effect between Run 1 and Run 2 on tha other hand la algnlflcant at more than tha 99.5$ level. 0007-SWP-044090 Prolac t #177 - Coat. Paint Raaaarch Hovaobar, i960 -21- CcBparatlva Hldlna Chartctarlatlca of Varloua Titanlun frlananta In WP and Tintint Wtilta Ag W 6 Avaraaad Data Titaalw Run Dloxida Taatad 1 Cnltana OR 640 a X Onltana OR 640 2 1 Xl-Pura R 610 2 1 Tl-Pura R 610 2 1 Ti-Pura R 900 2 1 Tt-Pura R 900 2 1 Titanox EASC 2 1 Titanox EAHC 2 l Titanox RA 50 2 1 Titanox RA 5 2 Pound* Par 100 Cal. 172 146 172 146 172 146 172 146 172 146 Ararat* Concxaat Ratio At 96.3 98.2 96.2 97.6 96.6 98.4 95.9 97.2 96.1 98.3 97.0 96.3 97.4 97.6 96.9 97.3 97.6 97.7 96.3 97.2 Lot Muabar on T10. 41(1861 418884 418861 418884 183F23 190358 18:225 190358 4003038 4194B46 39417 #10 0601-24 Hi 39A17 #10 D60U24 #3 D6CK?3 #3 C6GT23 #10 D6CB24 #3 60X23 #10 II 55 0007-SWP-044091 0007-SWP-000113461 Paint Reeaareh Novcaber, i960 -22- ProjMfcjttJJjjJJont^ ^ Cooperative Hldlna Charactarletlca of Varlam Titanium Plaoentt In Trig and Tinting White A2 1.8 Kan 1 Run 2 lOOJf B& OR 640 * 96.4 96.4 b 96.2 96.0 e 100* 98.4 97.8 96.4 8g 97.3 97.3 96.0 R 610 a 35*5 b 96.7 c R 900 a 96.2 b 97.9 e RAM a 97.2 b 97.5 c RA 30 a b c Standard Deviation 97.6 97.6 > .24 95.9 95.9 97.5 96.0 97.0 96.7 97.4 97.2 98.4 96.4 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.8 97.6 97.7 97.5 97.6 97.8 97.6 97.3 97.2 97.2 96.3 98.4 98.3 97.6 97.1 97.1 97.2 97.0 97.3 Expocurst 3265O-5 p, C were prepared during the month, all cedar bevel aiding primed with A2 W 2 8KP Undercotter. The purpoae la to coopara the following titanium pigoenta in A2 Y 16 SWP Berkeley Tallow, card 8, at both 100 and 83 replacesant levela. Ti-Pura R 610, Lot #10J Tltanox RANG D6CB2J, Lot #3 Dnltane OR 640, Lot #41886 Tl-Pura R 900, Lot #4003038 (P007-SWP-04 4092 0007-SWP-000113462 Paint Research December, I960 -15- Prolaet #177 - Pigment Studiea On page 20 of tha November report the question of the rata, tire hiding of du Pont'a Ti-Pure R-900 was discussed. Although eontraat ratio atudlaa in SWP Trim and Tinting White seemed to con firm du Pont'a claim for gteatar hiding, thle alao appeared to be true for other rutile titanium dioxide plgmenta. The difficulty waa that eontraat ratloe were not accurate enough to detect diffareneae between 100$ of the normal tltaniua loading and 83$ of normal. Fur ther atudlaa uaing Juat R-900 and R-610 have brought out aoem of tha arrore in the method of running eontraat ratioa. There atlll appeara to be an advantage in hiding power for R-900. The greateet Improvement in the method of running eontraat ratioa waa accompllehed by using a vaeuua plate to hold tha Moraat eharta flat during tha application of tha film by draw-down blada. Thle encouraged uaing a thinner film, resulting in lcxrtr eontraat ratios (.94- - .95 va .97 - .98) where tha Hunter thiltipurpoae Refleetometer bee better resolution. This, coupled with careful control of viscosity in the palate by using blends of under and ever pigmented batches, did substantiate tha fact that R-900 had at least as much hiding power at tha 85$ level as R-610 had at tha 100$ level. It should be borne in mind that this la only substantiated with one lot of each pigment in one formula (SWF Trim and Tinting White). Tha data are shown in tha table. Each eontraat ratio repre sents tha average of tan different draw-downs. No correction was made for fiha thickness since neither measurements with an Ames Dial Cauge or calculations from voluma solids correlated with measured contrast ratioa. Further work with other rutile titanium dlomldea will be carried out. TiPe Pixment Pounds/100 Gala. Contrast Ri R-610 R-900 R-610 R-900 172 (100$ level) 172 ( " ") 146 ( 83$ level) 146 ( " " ) 94.0 + .2 95.2 -2 93.0 + .2 94.3 + .2 Panels 30527-54 P, C ware examined after 12 months at Florida and at Chicago, vertical south, all cedar bevel aiding primed with A2 W 2 SWP Ondercoater. Tha male purpose la to evaluate Ti-Pure R-900 chloride process titanium dioxide. R-500 chloride process TlOg is also 0007-SWP-044093 0007-SWP-000113463 Prolect #177 - Cent. Paint Research December, I960 -16- Included in the tests, along with R-610, R-J10 and RA 50 sulfate process azides. These ere tried both in A2 W 8 SUP Trln end Tinting White end in law PVC Xaternlx. In each case, the paints are tested both as shite and shaded to light blue. A secondary purpose la to compare Onltane OR-540 Lot 117223. 6622 dry, with OR-640 and an older saaple of OR-540. Lot 117223 repre sents an Improved TIOg with softer texture end better watting end grindlng properties. The Onltenee ere tested only in the A2 W 8 formula, not in Intermix. In both white and blue and at both locations, sold and dirt are quite heavy on all Intermix formulations, with R-900 showing at least ea such as the R-610 guide. This formula shows no chalking and considerable glosa retention. R-500 is a little wore faded than the others, R-900, though not positively lees faded, looks brighter than any of the others, e partial confirmation of du Rent's claims for bet ter "tint appearance." Considering the A2 W 8 tests, irttlte only, both locations, the R-900 shows little chalking and serious dirt, though not much mold, the seme as the R-610 guide. R-500 (chloride) and R-5IO (sulfate) show more chalk rub-off, but this is not reflected in better clean-up. In the Unitanas, CR-640 is like the guida end 0R-540 (old) is much the same, but OR-540 lot 117225 is a stand-out at Florida, much more free chalking and much cleaner and whiter than any other in the series. In the blue tints made on the A2 W 8 formula, about the earns might be said with respect to chalk rub-off and dirt collection at Florida, R-900 is low in chalk and quite dirty, while the OR-540 regu lar cited above shows a heavy chalk rub-off. However, the big feature in the blues is fading. All show a serious chalk-mask. The 0R-540 regular looks poorest because of extreme chalk-mask. The guide with R-610, OR-640 and OR-540 (old) ere pretty much alike, least mask but still poor in appearance. R-500, R-510, RA-50 and R-900 seem all alike, vary badly chalk-masked and dirty, so that their appearance is obviously poorer than that of the guide. The Chicago panels show less variations, but some of them tend to contradict the Florida results. Thus, OR-540 regular looks beat, not poorest, because it seams cleanest and brightest in color. Therefore, no conclusions can be drawn as to relative "tint appearance" for one oxide in all formulae at all loca tions. 0007--SWP-044 094 0007-SWP-000113464 Taint Research January, 1961 -15- Projtjj|12L^11PiHSS22!iSi2t The Chemical Product* Laboratory ha* suhaUtted 1; phthalo blue and phthalo green lake* in which the color pigments are laked on extender or extender plue TlOj in ratios which are or can be used In regular raxes. It la hoped that such combined pigment* will show better tint or color retention than the usual mechanical mixes. The dry pigments mill be evalu ated in exterior latex paints. Portions of tha pigment samples were flushed in (3670), long oil linseed-soya allcyd, for test In solvent type exterior paints, SWF Ardaore Green A2 G 12 end SHF Terrace Green A2 G 3k. The flushed pigments were used to the maximum extent possible depending on the color and T10^ in the formulas, adding TiOfe or regular flushed colors if needed. Exposures will be in Chicago and Florida. Exposure panel* 28883-99 t, C were studied after 2k months at Florida and at Chicago, vertical south, all cedar bevel aiding panels primed with A2 V 2 SHF Ondercoater. In thia series two samples of 30$ TIQ2 Ti-Cal pigments coded R-50 from tha du Pont Pigment Division are evaluated. In A2 V k SWF Gloss White, the guide and basic formula uses 173 pounds of 6680 dry SCBT and another comparison sample uses 103 pounds of Titanox C 30. The C 30 sample shows relatively little mold and is quite clean, looks slightly best at both locations at preaene. Chicago panels, which show no mold, do not show up any differences among the -' other samples. At Florida, the guide looks poorest because of serious mold growth. The two R 30 samples are closely alike, showing only very slightly more mold and a little more dirt than C 30. The same titanium pigments were also tried in A2 Y 16 SHF Berkeley Yellcm and A2 A 20 Chelsea Grey, except that the basic formula was made with Titanox RC. Mold growth at Florida seem* to show no vari ation between tests and guide, although there is a slight indication favoring c 30. This is verified by the Chicago panels, which shew light mold growth, but also one of the special samples also looks good in this respect. Dirt follows the seme pattern as mold, chalking is less free with RC chan the others and the guide is noticeably less faded. This fading la the stain factor in rating the general appearance -- reasonably good on the guide but unsatisfactory on all others, du Font has indicated that they have no further interest in the production of e 50% celcium titanium pigment. 0007-SWP-044095 0007-SWP-000113465 Paint Research January, 1961 -16- Prolect ATI - Cent, Exposures JOT1U20 P, C were atudlad recently after 12 months at Florida and the aame at Chicago, vertical sooth. All are cedar bevel siding primed with A2 W 2 SWF Wndareoater. The purpose of the series is to check the durability of several tales in A2 W b WF Close White. The guide and basic feraula uses Hytal 300 (Card b). Desertalc No. 33, a West Coast notarial scneehat similar to the Hletron #139 Talc cited below, was included. This looks good and ssneth (very light brush-marks), the sane as Hytal 300. The series as a whole looks good, shews normal chalking and is unusually clean and free from nold for Florida exposures. The principal interest is in the Mlstron tales and among them va find quite noticeable variations in brush-narks. There is no significant flln failure on any. Following la an account of the matron talcs covered: Mlstron #139. regular grade -- medium brush-mark effect, satisfactory. matron Mac. a surface-treated product known to give lower viscosity and thixotropy than the preceding -- same in brush-narks. Miatron #139 ulus 1/at Arouad 2HT; this and the following are treated with this additive, an oil-soluble cationic surfactant, in an attsnpt to facilitate dispersion and eliminate the serious thlxotrople effect usually encountered with matron talcs -- shows Just a bit less noticeable brushmarks than the preceding, matron Vapor Cl -- very heavy brush-marks. Sana plus 1.34 Arouad 2HT -- medium brush-marks. Mlntron T-076 -- aedlum brush-marks. SasM plus Arouad 2HT -- smooth, like Hytal 300 sample. 0007-SWP--04409 6 0007-SWP-000113466 Feint Research February, 1961 -11- Ptoiect 4177 - Plement Studies It has bean reported that difficulty bee been encountered In attempting to check on du Font's claims of superior hiding for R-900 over R-610 and other types of rutile TiOa pigments. The use of con trast ratio studies indicated that although R-900 lost very little in contrast ratio in going from ITS to lk6 pounds per 100 gallons in AS W Tria and Tinting White this also was trua for other TICfe pigmenta. This work pointed out the need for batter experimental control in running contrast ratios. Soma improvement was made by using a vacuum plate to hold the Merest chert# flat during the application of the film by drawdown blade. This encouraged using a thinner film, resulting in lower contract rntloa (.9^ - .95 v*. .97 - *96) where the Bunter Multi purpose Reflectometsr has batter resolution. In addition very careful control wee exercised over the viscosity of the experimental paints to minimise differences in film thickness resulting even from constant settings of drawdown blade clearances. Actually the moat significant factor in earlier work wee that a repeat lot of paints on the sama formulas gave consistently higher contrast ratios. It was thought that soma factor such as temperature or setting of the drawdown blade clearance was out of control. Thia was not confirmed by furthsr work. How it appears that the factor out of control was the discoloration of the paint batches, probably from iron contamination during the grind. At least there was a correlation between the grayness of the paint batches end the contzaet ratio. Further studies era under way using pebble mill batches to minimise this factor. It is possible to correct for brightness by using the Kubellca Hunk equations. However, this entails a lengtby experimental procedure and involved calculations. A proposed ASTM method of test for "Hiding Power of Honchromatle Paints" covers this correction. The Mineral Products laboratory has furnished two samples of colored titanium oxides 07K and 88K for evaluation. The two experi mental samples of colored TiOg were compared with Sun Yellow H 80 A 14dry, in SWP Tyront Yellow A2 Y 36, Card 8, for texture, color, opacity and tint retention characteristics. The two colored TiOg samples coded 87K and 88K compered favor, ably with Sun Yellow H in moat respects. However, they produced lowair gloss and somewhat higher consistency then 80 A 14 dry in A2 Y 36 SWP Tyrone fellow. The fade resistance of the experimental samples appeared to be equal to Sun Yellow N when run for 95 hours under the Qvlere light. The patnee are to be exposed et Chicago and Florida to cheek tint reten tion and durability. 0007--SWP-044097 0007-SWP-000113467 Proj>et #177 - Cent. Mint Rtsasreh February, I96I -12- The lower gloss with the experlaeneal aanplea apparently was dua co a coaraar intenaadiate rone In tha particle size distribution. Slnca chap racaivad no poet-calcination grinding or separation of eoaraa particles reduction in average also probably will praaant no problem, and diaperIion and gloat propartlea should then be equal. Eraeriaentsl Data SV? Tyrone Yellow Paint 5222 Paint 5232 Paint 3525 Pigaent Tasted Sun Yellow N 60 A 14 dry Colored Tiftg Settle 87K Colortd TiO* SnpU 66K Viacoaity #3 * Fresh Zk Hr. Brushing ** 64" 63" Si. eticky 75" 80" SI. eticky 80" 91" SI. stislqr Flow Good Good - Good - Color Standard Slightly rad Vary cloisa to standard. Biding (Draw-down fila) Standard Lower than Sun Yallow N Vary dost to standard Texture Good Not as fine aa Sun Yallow N Not as fins 1 Sun Yallow H Gloss 60 Grinding Tine *5 3 nin. 18 3-1/2 Bin. 21 4 min. Grind h--1/4 H 4 H 4-lA H Fade Resistance after 95 Hours (Ovlarc) Slight Slight Slight All painta were ouch higher in viacoaity than standard, apparently due to substandard varnish. The eligbtly sticky brushing is due to tha high viacoaity. 0007-SWP-044098 0007-SWP-000113468 Paint Research February, 1961 -13- Project #177 - Cent. The 87K Fallow titanium oxide waa alao tested In an acrylic latax paint. It waa somewhat aora difficult to disperse in an aquooun system than the Sun fallow H. The coaraa natura of the 87K waa appar ent whan the paint waa applied to a aaooth surface. Stability and viacoalty of the paint la aatiafectory thua far. With analiar and aora uniform particle alee S-W production of thla colored titanium pigment ahould give aatiafectory parfomanca in latex paints. Panels 25884-90 F, C ware axaalnad after 56 nontha at Florida and slightly longer at Chicago, both vertical south. Thesa are cedar bevel aiding, two coata aslf-prlaed. 6026 dry Dlcallte 3A-3 la coo pered vlth Micro-Cel lg In SW? Velvet Flat Redwood. Three PVC'a are Involved with each, at the critical PVC and at + 10# of the CPVC. The 6026 dry is in the 25 - 30# range and the MlereCcel In Che lb - 18# range. While there ie no exceaaive chalk rub-off on aitbar at any loca tion, there era wide differences in chalk-mask fading. Micro-Cel, though not particularly good, looks ouch better than 6026 becausa of the latter*a extracts chalk-mask, particularly on Florida exposure. Micro-Cel shows checking but seams definitely batter with respect to mold growth. Both aeem to carry about tba asms amount of dirt. Ons feature la a vary abarp reduction in mold due to the higher PVC'a in the case of Micro-Cel (16.2# and 16# as against lb.6#), showing the excess binder below the CPVC. Exposures 29b50-69 ? C wera examined after 12 months at Florida (retired) and lb montha at Chicago, vertical south. All are cedar bevel aiding, primed vlth A2 W 2 SWP Undereoatar. The purpose la to evaluate two Japanese tltaniua dioxides, one supplied by Pallek Products Company and the other by M. W. Hardy and Company. The latter la claimed to bo an anatase type, the former la unapeclfiad. There fore, we used both Ti-Pure FF anatase and Tl-Pura R 610 rutile ae com. parlaon pigments. The testa are carried out both in A2 W b SWP Gloas White and in A2 W 8 SWP Trim and Tinting White. Both are used as whits and shaded to a light blue. In A2 W b White, these two materials are closely alike and perform very much the same, at both locations, as the regular with FF. There in very free chalking, such more chan on the R-6L0 sample and one incipient erosion, but the paints are clean and look good. In A2 W b shaded blue, there seems to he more dirt on the guide end Japanese samples, fully as much as on R-610. However, the R-610 shows considerably less fading than tha ethers, which have a vary bad white chalk-mask, in tha tint base, there Is a heavy chalk rub-off 0007-SWP-044099 0007-SWP-000113469 Project #177 - Cant. Paint Reaeareh February, l961 -14- on all, both white and blue, except the R-610. The general appearance ie poor on the anataee and both Japaneee samples because of heavy dirt and sold, the latter being considerably worse, R-610, however, ahowe extremely heavy dirt and wold. In blue, the white face seams fully aa had aa in the caae of A2 W 4, with R-610 the only one to shew reasonably good color retention* In aumary, the Japaneee aaoplea perform as anataae TiQe and ahov no advantages over Ti-Pure FF up to 12 months, hut do seem more susceptible to mold growth and dirt collection. Panels 30726-30 F were retired after twelve months1 exposure in Florida, and readings compared with those of twelve months in Chicago. The purpose of the series is to determine whether Cabot's ultra Fine titanium oxide P-25 could be used as an additive to SWP Trim and Tinting White to increase the chalking when A2 W 8 is used as a white. The Cabot TiOa is added at 1/16, 1/8 and 1/4 pounds per gallon and the paints shaded to a light blue to accentuate effeeta of chalking on fading. Although thara ara only minor differences in chalk rub-off, there are large differences in color retention. Evan l/l6 of a pound of the TIO^ shows a bad white chalk face whereas the regular with R-610 TlOfe ie quite setisfeetory. Series 33214-33237 C, F, has been prepared for exposure et Chicago and Florida. This earlee is designed to determine the color retention of laboratory phthaloeyenlae blue and green lakes in A-100 formulations. These lakes contain various percentages of PC blue end green lakad on Nytal 300 Talc, Nytal 300 plus R-510 TlOfe, and Nytal 300 plus R-900 TIOg. A sample in which both PC bine end green ere laked on Rytal 300 plua mica plua R.510 TiOj is also included. Solfaet Blue end Green lakes ere Included as controls. Depth of color ie similar to A-100 Stratford Blue. All paints are baead on Rhoplex B-60A at 33$ PVG. Two coat* of latex paint vara applied to both A6 W 28 A-100 Undarcoater end OJ II5 z (r c 2098 A Alkyd primer) on new cedar bevel siding. Exposure panels 35433-41 F, C were prepared for Florida and Chicago, vertical south, all cedar bevel siding primed with A2 W 2 9iP Undarcoater. The purpoee Is to cheek the durability of AURL 6429, an 18 M leaded sine made from Anaconda fume. It la substituted 100$ in two formulae, in A2 W 4 SWF Gloss Whits Card 5 and A2 V 8 SUP Trim and Tinting White Card 9, both of which normally use 6629 dry Oslo 18 M. The A2 W 8 is triad both In Chelsea Gray and Berkeley Yellow. The regu lar formulae serve aa gulds paints. 0007-SWP-044100 0007-SWP-000113470 Paint Research February, 1961 -15Project #177 - Cont. Panels }$421-32 ?, C were prepared for exposure at Florida and at Chicago, vertical aouth, all cedar bevel siding prised with A2 V) 2 SWF Undercoeter. The purpose la to evaluate saaplea of anatase and rutile titanium dioxide from The Hylos Trading Company In the case of the anataee, it is tasted in A2 W k SWP Gloss White Card 5, with Ti-Pure FF and Titanox A-M3 as reference materials. In A2 W 8 SWP Trim and Tinting White, both Chelsea Gray and Berkeley Telloe shades, there are similar comparisons against Tltanox BANC and Ti-Pure R-610. 0007-SWP-044101 0007-SWP-000113471 1 Paint Research Hay, 1961 15- Prolect $177 - Plraent Imdlaa The last report submitted on the subject of the determination of the hiding power of titanlua oxides Indicated that a refinement of nethod was necaaaary. The major differences between the present study of hO paints and the previous study of 30 paints lie in the elialnatltm of the error due to iron free the will rolls by employing pebble mill batches and the incorporation of suggestions drawn froe sows of the sthoda in the literature which call for hiding determinations at vari ous film thicknesses, and subsequent graphing of these points. In the previous report on the group of 30 paints, the hiding power of aach paint was Measured ten times at the same film thickness. Xn the currant series every one of the 40 values in the following suanery table is read from a graph derived free six points representing three different fils thick nesses. He therefore have a total of 240 separate contrast ratios involved in the data. The vacuum plate was used in both studies, the Cardner Ultra Applicator was used aa a drawdown gauge in this study. Hiding Power of Various Tiff's in trim and Tinting White All values are read from graphs at the 95$ hiding leval in units of sq. ft ./gal. at 95$ hiding. Sat 1 100$ or 172# Tl-Pure R-610 528 100$ or ITS# Ti-Fure R-900 603 100$ or 172# Vnitaae OR 640 520 100$ or l?a# Titanooc KANC 545 100$ or 17S# Titaoox RA-50 65$ or 146# ti-Pure R-610 543 496 65$ or 146# Tl-Pure R-90C 598 65$ or 146# Unitane OR 640 65$ or 146# Titaoox RANC 533 518 85$ or 146# Titaoox RA-50 531 * 95$ confidence limits Set 2 583 660 603 635 587 520 550 495 577 534 IsSJl SetJj 568 578 655 687 560 570 602 576 610 556 505 552 607 562 523 563 495 500 520 555 95$ C.L.* 565 + 24 651 + 29 563 + 34 589 + 38 574 + 30 519 + 24 579 + 2B 526 + 28 523 + 38 535 + 15 0007-SWP-044102 0007-SWP-000113472 ProJ act #177 - Cone. Paint Research May, 1961 - 14- Tha following conclualcma isay be drawn fran thia study: 1. At both 100)1 and 85$ ZlQg lavala, tha R-900 TlQc haa tha aott hiding of any TiOa teoted, 2. Tha 85)t laval of R-900 TiOg la oqual to tha 100$ laval of any othar T10* taatad. 3. At tha 100$ laval, R-900 la 13$ abova R-610 in hiding, and R-900 la 10.3$ abova Ita cloaaat rival, Tltanox RANC. Tltanox RANG chows toai indlcatlona of balng tllghtly arratle fro* lot to lot. V. du Pont'a claim for tha hiding power of R-900 haa boon proved atatiatlcally to bo corract at tha 93$ coefldanea laval. Tha total arror of four lota at oaa laval la 2.8 to 6.5$, hot thia Includaa variation batvaan lota ovar which wa hava no control. Tha arror would ba laaa than thia if calculated on tha basic of all temples run la this tact. In a practical paint, va ara operating on tha linear pwtion of tha curve and hava not reached tha area of diminishing return*. In othar words, wa ara utilising the T10* affectively. Consideration should be given to tha use of R-900 at 65$ of tha laval of like TlQg to provide equal hiding in the present 8W? Trio and Tinting Vhita and to replace 83$ of tha TICs in BCHt In SWF Gloss White. Wa can save 6.78$/gallon far Trim end Tinting White and l.lOpf/gallon for Rx 471, by such uaa of R-900. Thasa paints ara on exposure. Va era checking tha tinting strength In Trla and Tinting White and will report lator. A sawple of colored tltaniua dioxide dated $-3-61 w* received from Coffejrvllle for evaluation. This saople was produced In the pilot plant and represented notarial with improved texture. It was coopered with 80 A 14 Sun Yellow in SWP Tyrone Yellow A2 Y 36. Paints aada with tha above TiCfe yellows ware checked for brushing, flow, texture and color. The yellow TiOg sample from Coffeyvllle compared quite favorably with Sun Yellow for general properties. However, tha texture and gloat properties ara not quite equal to 80 A 14 dry and tha tint la very slightly redder than 80 A 14 in tha SWP Tyrone Yellcv formulation. Teat data ara listed in tha following table. 0007--SWP-044103 0007-SWP-000113473 Flint Research MBF, 1961 -15- Frol act t t 177 - Cent. Viscosity Batch Finant Brush Flow Gloss Texture Color Grind #3 516 Z 80 A lh Very good Good Good Good Standard 3 H 38" 517 z Yellow Very TiCfe good Good Slightly Hot as Undertone fc-l/2 H low fine as slightly 80 A 1% r*d 36.2" Final* 33786-9^ ware prepared, all cedar bevel aiding prised with A2 W 2 SHF Undercoater, for exposure at Chicago vertical north and aouth, and at Florida vertical south. Tha purpose of this scries is to evaluate UC-3h0 Clay froo United Clay Mines, This extender vac used at 130 pounds per 100 gallons In AS V h SHF Closs White and also in A2 W 8 SHF Trie end Tinting White shaded to Oielsaa Cray and to Berkeley Tallow. Tha regular extender used as guide and comparison was Hytal 300. 0007-SWP-044104 Paint Raaaarch June, 1961 -15- Prolect #177 - Pigment Studlaa The Coffeyville plant haa furnished a sample of colored titanlun dioxide for evaluation. This eateris1 we# taken from the IkOO pound* that had been vet ground by pebble Billing and oubmltted under the nase of Solfast Titan Yellow CPF 2100. The ecoiple we* compared with the original ample dated 5-1-61 and regular Sun Yellov, 80 A lk dry, in SH? Tyrone Yellow A2 Y 56. The laboretory batchee of SWP Tyrone Yellov A2 Y J6 made with the above yellov pigments were evaluated for brushing, flow, texture, color, etc. CPP 2100 vns found to be similar in texture end slightly stronger in tinting strength than 60 A lk dry in Rx A2 Y 56. SHP Tyrone Yellov A2 Y 56 Paint# 85 Vlaeoalty Batch _ Pigment Brushing Flow Gloss Texture Color Grind Wo. ' 701 Z 80 A Ik Good 702 Z Yellov TiCfc " 5-1-51 Good H 77k k9.k Standard Standard k-1/2 B 54" Dot as fine as 80 A Ik Under k-l/k B tone lightly rsd. 62" 705 z CPP 2100 II II 72.0 Same as Slightly k-1/2 B 60" 80 A lk red end deeper tint. Exposure panels 51357-31J68 C end P vers examined after 12 months' Chicago and Florida exposure at k5 south. This eerlae is concerned with the evaluation of du Font's R-900 chloride process titanium dioxide in an M30-J type automotive enamel, both as e white end as e blue tint, du Font's R-510 end R-610 sulfate process TIOb 's were used as con trols. Each paint vae prepared using two different lots of vehicle. All of ths topcoats were applied over Acme 407R39 primer-surfacer. 0007-SWP--044105 0007-SWP-000113475 Faint Raaearch June, 1961 -16- Project #177 - Cont. At tha preaent point in the exposure, tha panala look qnlta good. Approximately the aame mildew formation (not aavara) vaa noted on all panala, both Chicago and Florida. Xha Florida panala all ehowed alight chalking, but tha Chicagopaneie, vlth ona axeaptlon (an R-210 white), ahowad no chalking. With raapact to gloaa reten tion, R-610 looka alightly batter than both R-510 and R.9OO in both whltaa and tinta In topeoata nada with tha flrat vehicle lot, but ahowa either equal or laaa gloaa retention than R-510 or R-900 in tha topeoata anda with the aecond vehicle lot. Thna, there la appar ently more variation occurring due to the different vehicle lota uaed than there la due to the different plgmentatlona. The panela will be re-expoead. 0007--SWP-044106 0007-SWP-000113476 Paint Research JUly, 1961 -22- Pro lact vlTT - Pigment Studies A-100 Heather Blue, A6 L 20, employs (78 A 5) Imperial X-76lt Hydrated Chromium Oxide pulp. The Imperial X-1010 dry fora of thle pigment ms difficult to dlaparee la latex paints. Recently, they sup plied X-29hh, a new dry form of this pigment which is finer in particle sice and much easier to disperse. Several latex paints including A6 L 20 have been prepared with the X-29bfc and good dispersion wee achieved readily. It ie suggested that X-294h is more desirable end would eliminate troublesome handling of the pulp form. Satisfactory dispersion should tneoursgs wldsr uss of this pigment which we find has outstanding color retention on exterior exposure even in light hades. Blende with flO A lh Sun Tellow end other pigments offer inter esting possibilities. Series 33996 - 3bG23 was prepared for exposure et Chicago and Florida. It is designed to evaluate a group of yellow pigments end includes both organic and inorganic types. The inorganic pigments ere 60 A lb Sun Tellow If, 11J-K supplied by S-W Mineral Products laboratory end X-3145 Imperial Empress Yellow 1. The Imperial pigment contains some lead and differs somewhat In composition from tits usual nlckal titanata yallows. It la considerably stronger end brighter in color than Sun Tallow. Tha organic yallowa are chiefly of the Benas type end Include 8i C 92, 61 C 95, 61 C 96, 81 C 90, 8100, 8101 end Imperial counterparts of some of these pigments. All ere exposed in both PVA rad acrylic latex paint formulations. 0007-SWP-044107 0007-SWP-000113477 Faint Research November, I96I -2b- Prolect #177 - Pigment Studies A series of exposures evaluating Titanox PL vaa studied recently. The panel mashers are 32066-80 F, C. All are cedar bevel siding primed with A2 W 2 SHF Undercoater. The panels have been up 12 months at Florida, vertical south, and 16 months at Chicago. Titanox PL is a paper laminate grade titanium dioxide furnished by the Titanium Figment Corporation, used primarily in such msterlals as Formica and Mlearta. The purpose of this series is to compare it with the commonly used non-chalking titanium dioxides T 1-Purs R-610, Titanox RANC and Dnltane OR 640. It is tried in A2 W 8 SHF Trim and Tinting White and also in the same shaded to A2 A 20 SHF Chelsea Gray and to Rockawsy Blue (1 gallon A2 H 8 plus 1 os. DC Blue). The white testa show just slightly leas dirt with R-610 than any of the others at Florida. Chicago shows them all silks except that the FL sample seams a little mors dirty at 16 smiths, although all were alike through 10 months. The tints do not confirm this conclusion, consistently, so in general we can only say that there scow to he a possibility of slightly more dirt collection with PL. The two tints agree quite closely at Florida, considering the critical characteristics of chalk rub-off and fading. RANC and PL show slightly less chalk and fading than R-610 and OR 6b0. The Chicago panels show no differences in chalking on the tints so far. The fading is too close to justify a full notch difference in ratings, but the Impression is that RANC is slightly most faded of the four and FL slightly least. Exposures 32196*32219 F, C were examined recently after 12 months at Florida and at Chicago, vertical south. This is an A6 V 30 A-100 Latex House Faint series, on cedar bevel siding. The left half of each panel is primed with A6 H 28 A-100 Hood Undercoater and the right half is self-primed. The purpose is to check the uniformity of performance in paint of several lota of R-900 titanium dioxide. Several other titanium pigments, as indicated below, were included, all on a 2-l/b pound basis. All paints were shaded light blue, using Paintercraft Tinting Color Phthalo Blue. 0007-SWP-044108 0007-SWP-000113478 Faint Research November, 1961 -25- Protect #177 - Cont Ttaera la no fils failure and aaaantlally no chalk rub-off at 12 nontha at either location throughout the series. Fading aleo is vary alight. The real differences at this stage ere confined to dirt collection and sold growth (at Florida). Briefly these are: a. The R-900 lots. No. 105, 4069 (standard), 4124, 4157. 4167. 4169 <! 4210. Serious said end dirt at Florida and dirt only at Chicago on the primed half, rated 6 in aost cases. Little or no sold and somewhat less dirt on the self-prlead half at Florida. There are a number of exceptions, variations of one notch in ratings, but only one shows even a possibility of a trend. The standard lot #4069 not only shows less dirt (selfprised half) at Florida than the others, but aleo is the only one in the entire series to show discernible chalk rub-off or fading (both rated 9). b. Other titanlua pigments. 1. Ti-Pure R-510. Same as aost of the R-900 lots. 2. Tltanox RA-50. Shows a bit aore sold at Florida and a bit more fading at Chicago than the R-900's. 3* Unitans OR-540. As preceding, Florida shows a bit mors mold (but on the prlaed half only), idille Chicago shows a little more fading. 4. Tltanox RANC. Slightly aore mold than the R-900's, otherwise sane. 5. Unltane 0R-640. Good, perhaps a bit better over-all than any of the foregoing. Exposures 34735 - 31*'743 were prepared during November for exposure at Chicago and Florida south. The purpose is to evaluate Oncor T 15 lead silico tltanate pigment made by tha National Lead Company. The Oncor pig ment was introduced on e hiding beaie for the old leed tltanate pigment 1895 <fry in the old SWP Cream House Pslnt Rx 462 Card 21, the old One Coat House Paint CH 4697 snd a formulation based on 1/3 inert, 1/3 leed tltanate end 1/3 leaded zinc. 0007-SVJP-044109 0007-SWP-000113479 Paint Research December, l?6l -26- Projtct #177 - Pigment Studies An evaluation la being made of the various so-called paper grades of TiOg as produced by the companies listed below: Unitane O-52O, American Cyanamid Co. Ti-Pure PC, E. I. du Pont Titanox ACC, Titanium Pigment Corp. These pigments are to be evaluated for durability and ease of wetting in SHF formulations. The experimental paints will be manu factured on a Cowles Dissolver Model 410-VHV now Installed for use on a trial basis. Our Initial exposure work was with the Ti-Pure PC grade and has been covered by the exposure series 32314-22. Ti-Pure PC is on test In A2 W 4 card 5 as a replacement for ''a) 50 pounds Tl-Pure FF, (b) 50 pounds Tl-Pure PP plus 50 pounds Ti-Pure Y-CR. and (c) same as (b) but In conjunction with 50 pounds of Ti-Pure R-900, the approximate TiOs content of the 175 pounds of Titanox RCHT In the formula. These tests have been on exposure for 12 months at Florida and 16 months at Chicago. The general appearance of the Tl-Pure PC paints after this exposure per iod appear very good and similar to the guide paint. The panels are being continued on exposure. In the new exposure series on TiCfe pigments, ell three paper grade TiCfe pigments have been Included in the titanium calcium-free formulation for A2 W 4 Card 7 and A2 V 8 Card 9. In this series several other grades of TiCfe have also been Included, such as Tl-Pure R-900, Tl-Pure 610, Unitane OR-450 and Titanox PL. The pigment combinations are as follows: 0007-SWP--044110 0007-SWP-000113480 Paint Research December, I96I -27- Pro lac t #177 - Cont, Paints To Be Exposed In Mew Setlea SWP Gloss White A2 H 4 Descritlon Titanox RCHI, 50# Ti-Pure FF, 50# Ti-Pure Y-CR Titanox RCHT, 50# Ti-Pure FF, 50# Ti-Pure Y-CR Titanox SCirr, 100# Unitane 0-520 175# Titanox RCHI, IOC# T1-Pure PC 175# Titanox RCHT, 100# Titanox ACG 175/ Titanox RCHI, 100# Unitane 0R-450 175# Titanox RCHT, 80# Unitane 0R-450 43# Ti-Fure R-900, 50# Ti-Pure FP, 50# Ti-Pure Y-CR 43# Ti-Pure R-900, 50# Ti-Pure FF, 50# Ti-Pure Y-CR 43# Ti-Pure R-900, 100# Ti-Pure PC J+3# Ti-Pure R-900, 100# Unitane 0-520 W Unitane 0R-^50, 100# Unitane 0-520 45# Ti-Pure R-900, 100# Titanox ACG 52# Ti-Pure R-610, 50# Ti-Pure FF, 50# Ti-Pure Y-CR 52# Ti-Pure R-900, 50# Ti-Pure FF, 50# Ti-Pure Y-CR SWP Trim and Tinting White Shaded SWP Rock Green 172# Ti-Pure R-610 172# Ti-Pure R-610 172# Titanox PL 172# Unitane 0R-li50 143# Ti-Pure R-900 143# Unitane OR-I45O 172# Ti-Pure R-610 with Drikalite for #10 Whiting 172# Ti-Pure R-610 with Drikalite for #10 Whiting I72# Titanox PL with Drikalite for #10 Whiting 172# Unitane 0R-1+50 with Drikalite for #10 Whiting lhj# Ti-Pure R-900 with Drikalite for #10 Whiting 145# Unitane OR-450 with Drikalite for #10 Whiting 0007-SWP-044111 0007-SWP-000113481 Project #177 - Cont, Faint Research December, 1961 -25- Exposure panels 51357-66 were examined after 18 months' Chicago exposure at k^ south. This series Is concerned vith the evaluation of du Pont'a R-90C titanium dioxide in an M30J-typn auto motive enamel, both as a white and as a blue tint, du Pont'a R-510 and R-610 sulfate process TICK's were used as controls. Each paint was prepared using two different lots of vehicle. All of the topcoats were applied over Acme k07 R 59 primer-eurfacer. In general, at this point in the expoaure, the panels look, good, With respect to gloss retention, the R-6l0-plgmented topcoats show a definite superiority in performance to those pigmented with R-930 and R-510, irrespective of vehicle lot and in both whites and blue tints. R-510 showed generally the poorest performance, with R-900 being some what better. All panels show a certain amount of chalking, but again, the R-610 pigmented topcoats shewed best chalk resistance and R 510 pig mented topcoats the least. A slight amount of mildew was noted on all panels. No color change was observed. Earlier in the exposure period (l.e., after 12 months), it seemed that there was more variation in performance due to the use of different vehicle lots than there was due to the different TiCfe pig mentation. However, it Is now clear thac any variation in performance due to the difference in vehicle lots is insignificant as compared with the difference in TiO^'s. The panels will be re-exposed. In previous reports we have presented the idea that.Cabot's P-25 ultra-fine TlOg could be used In the form of Kem Tinting Color to convert a chalk reaiatant exterior white paint into a chalking white, thus eliminating the need for two basic whites. Series 321^-53 F, C testing this ultra fine titanium dioxide in A2 W 8 SWP Trim and Tinting White, Card 8, both aa white and shaded blue, was examined recently. These exposures are on cedar bevel siding primed with A2 W 2 SWP Dndcrcoater, and have been up twelve months at Florida and esaentially the same time at Chicago vertical south. The readings were compared with those of series 30726-30 F, C, which was reported on at twelve months in February, 1961. 0007-SWP-04 4112 0007-SWP-000113482 Project #177 - Cont, Faint Research December, 1961 -29- Only the blue-shaded A2 W 8 vas tested in the earlier series. The main finding vas that the P-25 developed extreme chalk-aask fading;. The amounts used in both cases were 1/16, 1/6 and 1/4 pounds of P-25 per gallon or 1-1/2, 3 and 6 fl. 02. of the base. This vas introduced in the form of Kem Tinting Color White prepared by Emulsion Research, Extreme fading, even at l/l6 pound of P-25 was very apparent on the blues of the repeat series 32144-53. The whites show Increased chalk ing vith each increment of P-25- The tests will be continued to see if there Is any merit in the idea of using P-25 in the manner described. Exposures 32158-83 F, C were studied after twelve months at Florida and at Chicago, vertical south. All are cedar bevel siding primed vith A2 W 2 SWP Undercoater. A smaller series, 3265O-5 F, C, vas also studied, its exposure conditions being essentially the same. The main series vas put out to evaluate six production samples of Ti-Pure R-900 submitted by du Pont. These were used in two formulas, A2 W 8 SWP Trim and Tinting White, Card 9, end Intermix White, both being tested as light blue (phthalocyanine) tints. Other titanium pig ments Included for comparison were R-610, Tltsnox RA-50 and RANC and Unitane OR-540 and 0R-640. The R-6l0 is in the basic and guide formula. The R-900 vss substituted at 85$ of the poundage used in the caae of the others. No white paints were exposed in this project. In the smaller supplementary series the tests vers made in A2 Y 16 SWP Berkeley yellow, with R-900 substituted in this case both at full poundage and at 83/6- Examination disclosed no film failure. The A2 W 8 blue and the Berkeley Yellow showed little or no gloss, while the Intermix type blue showed considerable. Chalking was essentially nil on the Intermix, although at Chicago four of tha six R-900 lots, plus RA-50 and OR-540, showed a slight rub-off. The A2 W 8 blues showed as free chalking as normally expected, rated 6, with the exception of RANC and OR-640, which shoved much less. No differences showed up on the Yellows. 0007-SWP-044113 0007-SWP-000113483 Project #177 - Cont. Faint Research December, 1961 -30- The factor* affecting general appearance, l.e. fading, dirt and mold growth were, for the moat part, so close that It vas difficult to differentiate In the ratings. The Intermix group show* very heavy dirt and mold growth, the others moderate. Though not showing quite as obviously at Chicago, four panels in the A2 W 8 blue group at Florida differ considerably from the normal: (a) R-610 and OR-^ltO show excessive fading. (b) RANC and 0R-640, on the other hand, look good as to color. The Tallows are in poor agreement, Chicago versus Florida, with respect to fading. Both show the regular with R-610 as relatively poor, but (a) Chicago shows OfR-640 as a bit more faded (poorest), while at Florida it is among tha better ones; (b) Chicago rates RANC quite low, while at Florida it seems best and (c) R-900 seem* clearly best at Chicago, but not equal to RANC at Florida. 0007-SWP-044114 0007-SWP-000113484