Document 1yYypMjbwJpbyODgBkjGL6qg5

& _< A= U H#B8-0007851 \ /I }ri\ S: e W- REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES ) News Items. 559 HICKIGAN SYTIOSIUN. Ir.4. Med. 6, 562 (Oct., 1037). An Occupational Disease Symposium under the auspices of the Department of Labor and Industry of the State of Michigan was held at Detroit on Oct. 21 and 22. Several papers were presented and will be abstracted as they appear. 530 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE SYITFOSIUV. Ind. Ned. , 55C-3 (Oct. 1937). A symposium on industrial diseases was held at Northwestern University oc tept., 27 and 28. Papers on silicosis, allergy, ir.dustriol solvents and gaaeral Safe, dustrial health were presented and vrill be abstracted as they appear* ..Nr-^ar*^ S91 A PLAN FOR INSTRUCTION IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Ind. Med. 6, 666-71(Oe. Rapid developments in industrial hygiene throughout the country bei ` demonstrated that the weakest link in plans for coping with ooeupatl' ease, plant sanitation, and occupational disease legislation, ia the adequate training of physicians and engineers in those subjeoti instruction has been developed by the Biareau of Indus trial 3^ Department of Health of Detroit. Didactic and laboratory work grc-es will be given by the schools sending their students, but associated laboratory practice fur a unit of 3 months, or le&j will be provided by the Eureau. The above Bureau, directed by McCord, will furnish details to interested persons or instittttledl>)P 592 FIGHTING DUST HAZARD BY GENERAL ELECTRIC. Ceram. Age 29, 334.(Vev*# . The General Electric Co. is now engaged in an extensive projgm fur dust ir. its porcelain plant. Approximately $35,000 has been spent on and some old equipment ha a been discarded or replaced. The equipMnt i*'*f^h* water-wash type and has proved highly successful. Dust oounts Sheer very en couraging results and are still being made, with the reoeptaole diiMflylK' the breathing zone of the workmen. ' 593 EXHIBIT AT 1937 8TATE FAIR. Ind. Bull. (Sept., 1937). The New York 8tete Department of Labor sponsored an Industrie 1 hygiene 0iiMt , i at the State Fair in September, built around the central thane of ** yr^jj^aa '1-4 for the prevention of d-.Et diseases in industry." A large painting eotttlrd "silicosis" wes surrounded with cards oontaining infomaticB about the various ? silica industries and pictures of lungs showing silicosis, fibrosis s*df'taker- j oulosis. Following were pictures of efficient and practical exhaust eyajpm ' < for use in typical dusty industries. Tfex models of hands Aesrlsg defUKtkaee of if various types Were displayed, and dust and gas detectors wf ala* exhibit is also beirg shown at schools, conventions and other aaetiOTf- ' ' KU6B-60078S4 References to Recent Literature - 2 594 JESTING OF INDUSTRIAL PATHOLOGISTS OF THE 94TH CONVENTION OF THE SOCIETY OF GER MAN SCIENTISTS AND PHYSICIANS IN DRESDEN, SEPT. 24, 1936. Arch. f. (fcrerbepathol u. Gewerbehyg. 7_, 596-706 (1937). The subject of the meeting was "Industrial injuries of blood and blood-forming organs," and most of the papers dealt with phases of that subject, including in juries caused .by .various substances used in industry. Other subjects discussed included injuries of animals from remote action cf industrial exhaust gases, the possibility of manganese damage in pyrolusite mines, quantitative spectroanaiytical determination of metals in oases of poisoning, and a report on a case of fatal radium poisoning. Abstracts of some of these papers may appear later. \3) Papers on Rust, Dust Diseases and Ggieral Industrial Hygiene 595 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON EFFECTS Cf 5REATHING DUST TflTTI SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SIL ICOSIS. D. Harrington and Sara J. Davenport, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 400. 1937. 3C5 pp. I This review, originally issued in parts in mimeographed form, in 1935 and 1936, J has been printed as a single bulletin. It is a thorougjh summary of the liter ature on silicosis and includes 52? references. It is obtainable from the Super intendent of Documents, TTashingtof-, D. C,, for 25 cents, cash. 596 DUST CONTROL THROUGH ORGANIZED RESEARCH. N.G.Hazard. Safety Eng., 74, 11-14 (Nov., 1937) This office has a limited number of reprints for dist^Tbution. The author contrasts procedures for dust control in large plants having leg*^, . medical and engineering departments with the need of small plants having only limited facilities. The research plan of an ideal large corporation, taken a* a composite of the best parts of programs now being carried out by Mveril large companies, is outlined. The urge for self-examinr.tion was begun in the legal department. A "Hygiene committee" was organized. The engineering department spent generous sums on laboratory apparatus, and a thorough dust survev urns made. ah engineer gave his full time to the installation of dust control eq^.pnent where needed. New types of approved respirators were purchased, two for each ex posed worlcnen and provisions were made so that each would always have his own respirator. Time was devoted to "selling" dust control to everyone from the plant manager down to the janitor. All new machinery was properly equipped with dust control devices at the start. Pre-employment and regular physical examination* were instituted. The legal department cooperated with the other organisations in bringing pressure to bear on State legislatures to bring silicosis voder work men's compensation acts. Dust control was made a part of the company's per manent program. The small company cannot go through Ihis elaborate procedure, but must turn to an agency that will give advice and assistance. Such organizations include the U.S. Public Health Service, the Bureau of Nines, the Harvard School of Public Health, the Saranac Laboratory, insurance canpanies, several trade organisations, and the Air Hygiene Foundation. 597 INDUSTRIAL ESHAUST VENTILATION. FLO,7 OF FLUIDS. John L. Alden. Heating and Venti lating. 34, 39-45 (Sept., 1937). This paper is the first of a series dealing with carious phases of exhaust ven tilation. The lavs of flow of conveying fluids are discussed, with special refer ence to air. The following factors are considered: compressibility, static ve locity and impact pressures, static pressure as a measure of resistance, measure ment of pressures, relation of velocity pressure to velocity, Bemuouilll's theorem, nature of fluid flow, critical velocity, empirical friction formulas 03117772 HWBB-0007855 References no Reoent Literature - 3 Reynolds' dimensional analysis, pipe- friction in laminar and turbulent states, velocity distributions and flow of mixtures. The most important conclusions are that flow in industrial exhaust systems is always turbulent and that tho presence of solids in the air stream can usually be ignored in the design of dust collecting systems. No reprints are available at present, but the combined papers maybe published at the conclusion of the series. 58 INDVSTRI-.L EXHAUST VENTILATION. TYPICAL EXHtvUST HOODS. John L. Alder.. Heating k Ventilating 34, 49-53 (Nov,, 1937), See preceding note about reprints. The second paper in the series was abstracted in our last Bulletin (No. 548). In this third paper, hoods of various types are described and illustrated by diagrams. Every exhaust problem calls for individual treatment, but the hoods described are to serve as examples. They include hoods for woodworking ma 'n chinery - savs, planers, shapers and sanders. Hoods for shoe machinery, auto matic lathes, drills, milling machines, and similar machinery follow the same principles, and the following general directions are given! (l) always fit the hood to the dust trajectory; (2) provide no adjustments unless absolutely necessary, and (3) hoods must be rugged and must be attached solidly to the machine. Top hoods or canopies are similarly discussed, and booths for spray 0 painting are to be considered as top hoods with side walls. Blow-and-exhaust hoods are recommended for use with tanks where the space over the tank is obstructed. Hoods for abrasive processes are not included, as they have- been fully treated in the Tentative Code of the American Foundryroen's Association. 5S9 DUST DANGERS EXPOSED, ililton H. Kronenberg. Chief, Division of Industrial Hygiene, Illinois State Dept, of Health, Chicago, 111. Modern Hospital 49 A, (Aug., 1S37). Reprints obtainable from author. In a large city hospital rubber gloves vrere dinted with talo powder in the course of preparation for operations, in a rather snail room, by methods which produced a great amount of dust, and no preeautions were taken for protection or dust removal. The Illinois Division of Industrial Hygiene in a survey found 39 million particles per cubic foot, of which 56# was under 5 microns. The powder consisted of 82.7# talc, 3.7 calcium carbonate, 6.6# mgnesium car - bonate, and 1.0# moisture. The conditions were comparable to ttiose found in dusty factories. Talc is one of the substances implicated in the production of pulmonary diseases, which, however, are of the non-disabling type. Measures to control and remove talc dust environment in hospitals are urged, and the same preventive measures that should be taken as in an industrial establish ment. "Tfe feel that perhaps many other hospitals in this country are using methods, some more primitive then others, where a potential hazard is created by the inhalation of talc dust which contaminates the working atmosphere. The trend of the day, based upon scientific facts and measures, is to prevent all dusts, as well as fumes, vapors and gases, since all are dangerous." 6C0 NOTES ON AN INSTRUMENT DESIGNED TO RECORD CONTINUOUSLY THE AMOUNT OF DUST IN AIR. C.W.Biccard Jeppe and E.C.Kalliday. J. Chem. Met. Mining Soc. S. Africa, 33, 75-60 (Aug., 1937). This instrument, developed at the University of Tfitwatersrand, measures atmos pheric dust while in suspension. The air is drawn through a chamber by con vection by i heating unit. The light scattered by the suspended dust falls upon ?. photo-electric cell, and the current is measured by means of a TTheatstcr.e bridge. The possibility that moisture may increase the light scattering is being remedied by the construction of a waterproofed instrument. The work is being continued. 03117773 'f r ; References to Recent Literature - 4 601 NOTE ON A NEW OCULAR MICROMETER FOR USE IN DUST COUNTING. Richard T. Page. Pub. Health Reports 52., 1315-6 (Sept* 17, 1937). Obtainable froir. Supt. Of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 5 cents, cash. A description of a new micrometer eyepiece which has only one ruled grid cor responding in size to one quadrant of +ue usual Whipple grid. The new eyepiece is used by the-Division of Industrial {jygLene of the 7.S.Public Health Service and it is said that the results are identical with those obtained when counting one-fcurth of the Ti'hipple field. 602 DETER! UNCTION C? DUST FL0.7ING GASES. E.V.Yushmanov and It. Popil' skii. Zavodskaya Lab. (Russian) 5, 520-4 (1936). The gas is passed at known-velocity through a small dust-trap, which is weighed before ar.d after the experime nt. 603 FINE-DUST FILTER - TEE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. G, Stamps, K. Grosskopf and K.F.Moellerir.g. Draeger-Hefte German) No. 191, 3571-S2 (1937). The paper opens with a discussion of the occurrence, characteristics and danger of fine dusts. Coarse dusts, defined as between 1 ar.d 3 microns in diameter, are easily caught by a filter cf cotton or other fibers, but dusts under 1 micron re quire a specially constructed filter. Several methcds for particle aiee deter mination are described. A filter constructed by the Draeger Co., designated "fine dust filter DF 9C" has a pre-filter of loosely pressed fibers and an ac cordion filter of specially prepared filter paper. It has ar. efficiency faetor of 99.85?? when tested against fine stone dusr and silica dust. Riotamicrograph* of dust collected from the air before and after filtration are shown. Riotographs of the filter and of apparatus for particle size determination are alto giver.. 604 THE SILICOSIS PROBLEM AND THE NECESSITY OF RELIABLE METHODS OF DUST MEASUREMENT. G.Hass. Zentrlbl. f. Geverbehyg. 24, 175-7 (1937). (German.) A general paper listing the dust problems still to be solved and noting the need for dust determinetion ar.d analysis.- The various instruments for those purposes are mentioned. 605 ANIHiL EXPERIMENTS ON PATHOLOGIC TISSUE CHANGES FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INJECTION 01 VARIOUS DUSTS. K.K.Stoeckel. Arch. f. Hyg. (German) 118, 111-25 (1937). ' Various dusts, including steel-shot, quartz, lime, Thomas slag, chamotte, quarte- ite and argillite, were injected in rabbits at intervals. Tissue changes in dif ferent organs are described and illustrated. Different dusts, however, never showed a really characteristic or specific reaction. Lack of information on the composition of some of the dusts and variations in average particle size limit ' the value of the results. 606 DUST AND TUBERCULOSIS. EXPERIMENTAL 'TORE ON THE EFIECT OF SEKICITE AND GRINDING WHEEL DOST ON TU3ERCULAR GUINEA PIGS. K. Selter and P. Weiland. Arch. f. Gewsr- bepath pathol. u. Gewerbehyg. 71-62 (1927), (German.) The authors compared the effects of sericite and of grinding wheel duet, consist ing of steel and emery dust, by exposing animals infected with virulent and weaker tubercle bacilli, to inhalation of the dusts. They found that sericite is as injurious as the grinding dust. (The abstractor points out that no com parison was ride with silica dust, and r.o pneumoconiosis developed, so the exper iments hsve no beari::g or. the sericite question.) 03117774 HWSB-0007856 .<r>> <; References to Recent Literature - 5 unmo 607 ULTRA.'riCROSCOPIC SILICA IN LOTS TISSUE. Cull. Faber. Staug, no. 3, 372-33 ci (Oot., 19, 1936). German. The author points out some possible sources of error ir. determining the presence^ silica in portions of hardened lung by x-ray spectroscopy. The formalin used foj hardening the lung tissue causes same deflection of the x-rays which rust be al-* lowed for. The x-ray speetriar. from pieces of lung was present in such exceeding!- minute particles (0.1 to 0.01 micron) as to suggest that it was in colloid form. ' The theory is advanced that silica beccr.es converted in the body into the colloid form, in -which it is most injurious. It is now necessary to laiow whether silica is actually inhaled in colloid form ir. any considerable quantity, or -whether the colloid silica found in the lung tissue results from the breaking down and dis solving of large particles. Further investigations are to be made on that point. 605 EXHAUST VENTILATION FOR OUST CONTROL IN TOT ROCK DRILLING. Theodore Hatch, Div. of Industrial Hygiene, K.Y. Staoe Dept, of Labor, 30 Centre St., New York City. Ir.d. 3uil. ^16., 359-90 (Oct., 1937). Reprints obtainable et above address. The author reports a series of tests with 3 types of drills equipped with exhaust devices, in hard, wet rook. Three criteria must be applied to test the capacity of exhaust apparatus to operate under wet conditions; (l) the wet sludge muv'.- be removed -without clogging the exhaust hood or hose; (2) the dust collector mu.* t ef fectively handle the material without becoming plugged, and (3) an overflow must be provided ttet will allow the collected water to drain away when it exceeds a safe level of operation. The first criterion is simply a matter of adequate tran: porting velocity in relation to the density and fluidity of the sludge. The equif ment tested -was entirely satisfactory in that respect, so that there was practice.' ly no dust remaining to clog the filter. The average partidf si8e of dost caught on the filter was less than 1 micron, and the moisture on the filter was that ex pected from condensation alone. The devices were equipped with overflow valves, fulfilling the third requirement. The objection has been made that exhaust e. spare tus will not collect and remove cuttings from wet rock or functiai in the p^sence of water. The tests were limited in scope and duration, and it cannot be con cluded that this type of apparatus will function under all conditions; however, the tests have demonstrated its practicability, and the method is therefore recommended. 60S net: DOCUMENTS ON SILICOSIS. E. Martin. Med. du Travail 9, 149-56 (July, 1937). INQUIRY REGARDING SILICOSIS IN BELGIUM ORGANIZED BY THE INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL SERVTC:Ibid, 157-64. SILICOSIS; NEW RADIOGRAPHS AND COM'EKTS. M. Conrosier and J. Magr.in. Ibid, 165-209. The entire July issue of La Medecine du Travail is devoted to silicosis. Progros. in silicosis prevention in France and Belgium has been retarded by the opposition of a small but powerful group of mining companies and their physicians. The fir=t paper tells the story of the long fight in France and the progress that has been made. The second gives a short review of the Belgian investigation and its re sults. The third presents 23 x-rays and short case histories, on the basis of which they state the view, held by all experts, that silicosis is a separate dis ease from, tuberculosis. PHYSICS -"D TECHNIQUE OF AIR SEPARATION. H.'.7.Gonell. Chem. App. 24, 193-7 (1937) The author explains the physical principles of separating particles of different sizes of dust and cowdery material by an air current and described the apparatus and its practical application. 03117775 e u>: References on Recent Literatur e - 6 611 LAW OF SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS. P.S.Roller. J. Franklin Inst. 225, 6CS-53 (193?). This is a mathematical treatment of the results obtained with air separator de scribed in our abstract No. 362. A law of size distribution has been discovered which relates the weight percentage ar.d from, this the frequency, to size of par ticle. The author deals with finely divided clays, litharge, silica, cement, line, feldspar, talc, and the like as used in the ceramic industry. It seems probable that the method car. be applied to hygienic problems. 612 IMPROVED 1CTEOD FOR DETER-'. 3 NASAL FILTRATION OF DUST. G. LEHMANN Arbeitz- physiol. 9_, 569-71 (193 7). German.) Time is saved by the use of a photometric method instead of the konimeter, for counting dust partioles. The Zeiss Pulfrich photometer and a special stage are employed. The apparatus must be calibrated for each kind of dust. 613 THE SIGNIFICANCE CF NASAL DUST FILTRATION IN ASBESTOSIS. G. Lehmann. Arbeitsphysiol. 9_, 572-5 (1137). (German.) The author determined the nasal filtering efficiency of 73 workers in an asbestos plant. Most of the employees had not worked long, and only 1 medium to sever* case of asbestosis was found, with 17 light and 24 incipient cases. He concludes that nasal filtering efficiency is as significant in asbestosis as it is in silicosis. 614 PATHOLOGICAL ATT! ANATOMICAL QUESTIONS IN CASES OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS* SEVERE AjBESTO- SIS. 7/. di Biasi. Med. '.Veit 11_, 1234-7 (1937). (German.) ; The author gives a clear discussion of pathological and anatomical changee in the development of pr.eumoconiosis (silicosis) and emphasizes the fact that ae'jfMl pneumoconiotic changes have been seen without exposure to quartz. Ia huadredi of cases in the Ruhr district, he has never seen connective tissue growth in lungs completely blackened by coal duet unless rock dust was also present. Claims to the contrary have not been confirmed by autopsy findings. In asbestosis, the growth of diffuse connective tissue is greater in the lower pert of the lung than in the upper. The author attributes this growth to the mechanical action of as bestos . 615 DUST CONTENT 0? AN ASBESTOSIS LUNG AND THE N.IIU5E OF ASBESTOSIS BODIES. N. Sundius and A. Bygden. Aroh.f. Gewerfcepathol. u. Gewerbehyg. 8_, 26-70 (1S37) (German.) This long paper reports careful chemical experiments on the asbestos in the lung and asbestosis bodies. Although much more serpentine asbestos than hornblende is used in industry, the latter was found exclusively in the lungs examined. The asbestosis body sheaths are formed not.only around asbestos but also around sim ilar crystals of other substances. No support has been found for the belief that asbestos causes a chemical decomposition in the lung. The gel substance of the sheath consists of iron oxide, phosphoric acid and a protein. This gel substance originates entirely from the body fluids and since the iron content is high {40% as oxide), the most plausible suggestion is the blood. The cause of the sheath formation is not related to the chemical nature but to the rigid and sharp needle form. The authors believe that the fibrosis can alBO be attributed to this. 03117776 H 6 o -m n i/8 ,>8 HWBfi-00078^9 References to Recent Literature - 7 616 THE RAILR&J) SURGEON'S RELATION TO OCCUR. TICIOiL IISEASE. Oliver G. Browne, General Claims .agent, New fork Central Railroad System, New York. Ind. Med. 6, 544-7 (Oct., 1957). Reprints obtainable from author. -- There are 2 conceptions of the term "occupational disease." One includes any dis ease or ailment that may have its inception in the course of the occupation and may be said to have hed a contribution to its cause by some exposure of the em ployment, however slight. The other view is t^t a disease to be classed as oc cupational must be one that is "peculiar to cr.d characteristic of" the occupation. Only under the second viewpoint can we determine what constitutes a disease dis ability that is fairly chargeable to industry. However, the first view has been advocated in addresses on occupational diseases and in the courts and is the basis of "blanket coverage" ir. the laws of several states. If this viexv is accepted, the employer can bs saddled with a form of health compensation which he cannot prevent even tv an extreme of precaution, and which is far '.verse in its possibil ities than any reasonable scheme of health insurance so far proposed* In the rail road industry, admittedly there are true cases of occupational disease, but sever al claims are cited in ich it was shown on investigation that the injury was not a result of the occupation. Each case must be scientifically determined on the facts developed, so that employment may not be charged with every man's physical breakdown. In the field of silicosis, the verk of Dr. McCann on determination of disability, supported by Rochester manufacturers, is cited and conclusion* are quoted. Proper diagnosis is dif.ficu.lt, and often conclusions based upon inad equate examine.tior. and uncertain history are accepted by the courts* The aedical profession has important functions in the field of determination of industrial disease claims, ar.d should lead thought in channels founded on common tens* and not follow those whose thinking is more social than scientific. 617 THE '.TIDER ISSUES OF HEALHi LEGISLATION IN INDUSTRY. L.P.Lockhart, R.E.Lane and E.levin. 3rit. Med. J. 2_, 605-12 (Sept, 25, 1937). Three addresses are devoted to discussion of what may evolve in industrial med icine from the new British Factory Act. _ 613 A STUDY OF CHRONIC CHEST DISEASES IN SKOTTS, SCOTLAND. J.A.Moore Hall. J. Ind. Kyg. 1, 506-9 (Nov., 1937). Sixty-four miners, suffering from, chronic chest diseases, were examined, 59% be ing totally incapacitated. Dyspnea, cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers and barrel shaped chests were noticed in many of the cases. Cardiac vascular disease was absent, but evidence of myocardial decompensation was observed. Raeumoconiosis occurred in 42""? of the cases, most of which hed chronic bronchitis also. Pul monary tuberculosis, mostly of low grade, occurred in !!% The blood sedimentationreaction was normal or subnormal, except in the presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis or secondary infection. Unfortunately the test did not help in dif ferentiating between these two conditions. The incidence of pulmonary affections in the families of the incapacitated miners was found to be much greater than in the families of healthy miners. The employment of men who have Mo familial dia thesis to respiratory disease is suggested as a means of minimizing cheat affec tions in the coal mining industry. - From the author's summary. 619 INDUSTRIE HYGIENE - ITS HISTORIC*! DEVELOPMENT AND THE MODERN CAMEuIGN. Milton K. Eror.er.terg, ID., Chief, Division of Industrial Hygiene, Illinois State Dept, of Health, Chicago, 111. 111. Med. J., (July, 1937). Reprints obtainable from author. This is a general paper, first briefly reviewing the history of industrial hy giene, ar.d its necessity which arose with the progress of the machine age. 03117777 The author then pleads for fuller recognition of preventive medicine in industry better training of physicians in industrial hygiene, employment of trained an- is gineers, cooperation of compensation boards, strong and -unbiased legislation, and the establishment of industrial hygiene laboratories. "' 620 EMPLOYEE EXAi'ILATIOLS. Kart E. Fisher. Ind. .Yed. , 503-6 (Sept., 1337), oa a :c The author advocates pre-employment and periodical or r.on-periodicai medical ex aminations of employees, not merely in connection with occupational diseases but as a general health measure benefiting both employer and employee. The advan tages to both are presented in chart form. 621 A ;EPICAL COrTF.CL FLA" FOP. ~L` FFETE'TION OF OCCTPATIOI'AL DISEASE. Robert C. Page. Ind. Led. 5_, -31-6 (Sept., 133'). A medical control plan necessitates an exact understanding among the various parties involved, including the employer, the.employee, the examining physicians and r'.-.e insurance carrier, with respect to the part each plays in the program. A proposed plan is presented in tabular form, including a schedule of departments operations, exposures ar.d physical examinations, and forms for various physical examinations. The responsibilities of the employer, the examination, the insur ance company ar.d its engineering department are discussed. 522 AKEl'AL REPORT OF IKE CHIEF* INSPECTOR OF FACTORIES AKD WORKSHOPS FOR THE TUB 1936. H.K. Stationery Office, London, 1337. Obtair.ac^e from British Library of Informa tion, 27C Kadison. Ave., Lew York, price about 50 cents. The number of industrial accidents in Great Britain showed an increase in 1936, but the number of persons employed also increased. Statistical analysis has show that the curve of accident rates is roughly parallel to the employment curve. How ever, the rate for fatal and presumably other serious accidents shews a tendency to decline. One means of reducing accidents that should receive more attention is the safeguarding of new cachir.ery as soon as it is installed. The accident rate for persons under 13 is higher than for mature workers, but it is declining, and special care of young workers is urged. In the section on occupational diseases, progress in prevention is noted in many lines. No general adverse effects on health have been attributed to the uee of speeding-up systems. Lead poisoning, dermatitis from handling tar and pitch, and cutaneous cancer amcr.g cotton mule spinners have shewn encouraging decreases. An investigation of cancer of the nose ar.d lung among nickel refiners is being pur sued, ar.d although the cause has not been determined, dust and fume suppression i urged as a preventive measure. In sandblasting, several firms who have lately substituted steel gri1" and shot for sand ar.d flint have now reverted to their for mer practice, and reg iatior.s controlling the use of sand are advocated. The mnr. ber of voluntarily reported cases of dermatitis is increasing, but suitable means for protection are becoming more ividely known. Acne from the use of chlorinated waxes is being studied. 523 "EERi-IEAL Tf" ALT CAL C TV? i- C KLORIDE TREAT?.EL: OF HAULAGE-ROADS. H. Price. Trans. Ir.str.. Kir.. Er.grs,, Lor.dcr., 93_, 252-60 (June, 1937). The paper describes the treatment of haulage roads with the wetting agent "^rmin'.V," Or. adequately stone-dusted roads treatment with water alone is satisfactory over a limited period, but has no effect on vrater deposited afterwards treatment with calcium, chloride is satisfactory, lasts longer, and a portion of the dust subsequer.tlv deposited is taken up. On roads of this type treatment with calcium chloride alor.e is as effective as when Perm.ir.al is also used. 03117778 references to Recent Literature - 9 624 DISABLING ILLNESS AMONG THE r"DUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES IN 1936 AS COMPARED WITH EASLIEito YEARS. D.K.3rundage. 'J.S.Public Health Repts. 52, 1297-1303 (Sept. 17, 1937). gj Reprints obtainable from Supt. of Documents, 'A'ashington, D.C., for cents, cashg The sickness end nonindustrial injury rate for males in 1936 was 90.3 per 1C0C, i the highest since 1932, and the rate for sickness exclusive of influenza 63.. 7 peg 1000, the highest for 6 years. Tuberculosis of the respiratory tract has decreajged from 1.9 ir. 1921 to 0.8 in 1936. The rates for women are 160^ higher than for men. 625 AIR CONDITIONING PGR THE VF'TILATION OF THE BUTTE HIRE. A.S.Richardson, Min. Cong, J. 23, 43-5, 55 (Oct., 1937), " The paper describes the air conditioning system, in use at the Butte nine of the Anaconda Copper Co. The process consists in transferring the heat from the air to -water in copper pipes, which is then raised to the surface ar.d cooled by the atmosphere. Only in the summer is it necessary to use artificial means of cod ing. That is accomplished by a special system involving sprays and cooling coils. The water delivered to the line is then coded to 50F. In the experimental plant, the air was often cooled by 2C, and the average mine air is expected to be reduced to 75F. About 46jS of the dust in the air is removed on the average, and greater comfort and efficiency has been attained. 626 AIR CONDITIONING OF THE MAGMA MIME. William Koernes and C.B.Foraker. Mining Cong. J. 23, 21-3 (Nov., 1937). REMARKS ON AIR CONDITIONING FOR MINES. J.*. Kooistra. Ibid., 23-5 These papers -were contributed to the discussion to the preceding one. The general manager and the ventilating engineer of the Magma Copper Co. describe the recent installation of air conditioning in the Magma mine at Superior, Arls., where a more severe problem had to be solved* The temperature at the 3,400 foot level isl340?, and 140 at the lowest level, 4,000 feet. Previously it was necessary to allow about 3 years of cooling by ordinary ventilation in a new low level before stope development could be carried on. A water circulation system is used here also, but cooling of the water by refrigeration is neoessary. The - refrigerant is monofluor-trichloramethane, a liquid at ordinary temperature, non toxic and non-coir.bustible. The problems of sufficient water supply, temperature _< of the underground water ar.d the distance ftom its source to its place of uae and how they were solved, are discussed. All the water produced in the mine is used, and an additional shaft was necessary to bring it to the surface. No data can be given as yet or. economics of operation, as the svatem has been in .operation only a few weeks, but the early results are gratifying, and as the rock on the lower levels is cooled, the cooling effect will be available for parts more dis tant from the plant. The cost of the system to date is |95,000. The paper by . Kooistra, of the Carrier Corporation, presents some general considerations of air conditioning. Its success in mines has been demonstrated in South Africa, and the lowering of temperature already achieved in the Magma mine is sufficient to increase materially the efficiency of workers. A chart shows the temperature and humidity conditions necessary to secure conditions within the "comfort *one." 627 HYGIENIC AIR NEEDS IN THE VENTILATION OF WORK PLACES. Tt. Lisse. Geeundh. Ing. 60, no. 24, 374-80 (1937). (German.) The entire number of periodical is devoted to stressing the significance of good* air in work places, the subject of a drive undertaken by the German "Work Front." The paper mentioned serves as introduction to the series. The author defines good air as that free from dust, odor and toxic materials and absorbing the excess heat of the human body. He lists the basic principles set doro by American in dustrial hygienists. Papers follow dealing with various measurements and stand ards relating to air conditioning. 00117779 <Nj References tc Recent Literature - 10 ^ 623 FHYSICAL AOT PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIHES 0? AIR CCi: Oil I OKING. II C.F.Yaglcu. J.A.&. 103, 945-50 (Sept., 16, 1937). p The general objectives of air conditioning for sx.~?r and winter are outlined.N#w experiments cn summer cooling show that the shock from overcooling experienced in sensitive persons can be avoided and at the sane tine ail occupants can be cam-:* fortable. Additional experiments on drafts and their effects are mentioned. --11 TENII LITTON NOMOGRAMS. R. McAdam. Colliery Guardian 154, 735-6 (April IS, 1937). J. Ghen. let. Lin. Soc. So. Africa, 38., 50-2 (Gulp, 1937). Four nomographs are presented, furnishing a ready means of automatically solvin' several common ventilating formulae, including the 6 most involved formulae used in the "Standard Specifications for the Testing of Mine Fans" adopted by all min ing engineers ir. England. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 63C THE 2-RLAT PROBLEMS 0? MODERN INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY. ?. Flury. Arbeitsschutz, 199-200 (1937). (German.) A brief discussion of the chief problems in toxicology is presented. New chemical- ,0 are offered daily whose names give no hint of their contents; declaration of con tents should be compulsory* There are also complicated injuries, not only from the combined action of different toxic agents, but also from the combination of poisons and alcoholic drinks. Other difficulties lie in the increasing chemical treatment of foods and the misuse of medicines. The study of these problem* must include refinement of methods, ascertainment of norms, and disoovery of the ef fect of poisons on the young, and of the relation between poisoning and Inherit ance. Purification of air must be sought not only for workplaces but alto In the streets. ,/ 631 PRETENTION AID TREATISET OF DISEASES IE THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. V. Defelice. Semana Med. (Spanish) 44_, 1639-31 (1937). The most common occupational diseases in the petroleum industry are skin disor ders; and there are cases of gastric symptoms and blood conditions associated with hemolysis. Prevention comprises regular medioal inspection of the workers, careful personal hygiene, use of protective gloves, and application of glycerin. CLINICAL ASPECTS OF LEAD POISONING. Thomas A.Johnson..Penna Med. J. 40. 741-4 (1937). Studies in a lead coating plant led to the detection of 94 cases of lead poison \ ing in 755 employees, of whom. 282 v/ere exposed constantly and 273 intermittently to lead fumes. The blood studies led to the conclusion that a safe critical level is 4;. of reticulocytes of 0*2% of stippled cells, or l^oth. 633 COMP--RISON OF PUNCTATE BASOPHILIA ~ND RATIO OF LARGE TO SMALL LYMPHOCYTES IN vi THE DL.GNOSIS ..MD PREVENTION 0? LEAD POISONING, D.O.Shiels. Med. J. Australia, 1_, 535-45 (Apr. 10, 1937). // The author has made a thorough study of laboratory procedure in the diagnosis of vI lead poisoning. The stippled cell count often used is shown to give false im pressions of the clinical condition, and may even rise as the petient improves. The ratio of large to small lymphocytes is more closely correlated with the clinical condition than is stippling. Correlation of a vast amount of data shows that it is inadvisable to adjudge the severity of oases by laboratory standards alone. Evidence of lead poisoning with disability is to be expected when the laboratory data show-* (a) total stippled count 25,000; (b) coarsely stippled cell count i,CCC; (c) ratio of large to small lymphoid cells, less than 1.5; (d) concentration of lead in urine, C.15 mg. per liter and over; (e) coarsely stippled cell count divided by the ratio of large to small lymphocytes, 800. 03117780 HiilfB-0007863 References to Recent Literature - 11 634 PATHOLOGY AND TrXRAPY OF IEAD ANEMIA. a. Klima and H. Seyfried. Folia hematol. (German) 57, 283-95 (1937). Lead anemia in chronically poisoned guinea pigs and rabbits was studied by ex amining the blood and investigating the bone marrow by biopsy, and in a few case by sternal puncture. Erythropoises is greatly increased, and a lively action o the bone marrow is observed in a few days. The erythropoiesis remains high for a few weeks and then falls gradually at which point exhaustion begins. Finally red marrow is converted into a kind of gelatinous or fatty marrow. Temporarily stippled cells are present, but not in all oases. Probably the lead in the blood stream, acts cn the erythrocytes so that they are decomposed in the spleen and other organs that remove old or damaged cells. The marrow responds to the first hemolysis with increased erythropoiesis. There is a basic difference between the results of lead poisoning and pernicious anemia, although there are many similarities. Liver treatment in chronic lead poisoning does no good, although it may be of some value in acute cases. 535 SPINAL INJURIES FROM LEAD AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SPINAL FLUID LEAD DETERMINATION IN RECOGNIZING LE.O DAMAGE 0? THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. F. Duensing. Deutach Ztschs. f. Kervenheilk, 143, 297-305 (1937). a ease of lead poisoning resulting from, lead in drinking water, and resembling 0 tubes is described. The lead in the spinal fluid was 220 micrograms per 100 ee. tut only 72.2 in the blood, indicating spinal lead injury. In another ease, that of a painter, the amount in the spinal fluid was 493 micrograms per 100 oe. Other cases in the literature are mentioned, and all point to the necessity of determining lead ir. the spinal fluid. ' 33 SULFUR THERAPY OF CHRONIC LEAD POISONING AND URINARY IEAD ELUJINATICK. 0. labatir.e, F. Molfino and M. Uazzantini. Med. del Lav. (Italian) 28, 129-38 (1937). The authors claim as a result of an investigation that intramuscular injection of various sulfur preparations in oases of chronic lead poisoning is followd by a decrease in urinary lead and diuresis and that the patients show a rapid improvement in general condition and a progressive dimKhltion in clinical symptoms. 637 LEAD MOBILIZATION aHD MINERAL METABOLISM IN LEAD POISONED KRSONS. F. Schmitt ar.d H. Taeger. Ztschr. f. exp. Med. 10, 21-41 (1937) (German). The authors studied variations in daily lead elimination and lead in blood in two lead poisoned persons, in order to determine fixation or mobilisation of lead during various methods of treatment. In agreement with other workers, they found increased lead elimination or mobilization following acid diet with am monium chloride, calcium poor diet, or the use of sodium carbonate, potassium iodide, elytyran or parathormore. In disagreement with others, they obtained the same results with an alkaline vegetable diet and by oral or intravenous administration of calcium, and conclude that the effect is oaused by a sudden diet change or sudden administration of large calcium doses. They recommend the use of gradually increasing doses of calcium, phosphate and gluconate. (This conclusion is questioned by the abstractor on the ground that a larger number of cases should be studied.) 638 vri.T LIAD CONTENT IN CHEMII..L BLOOD EXAMIN .T10NS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS PATH OLOGIC? Ehrhardt. Ztschr. f. aertyl. Fortbild. (German) 34, 436 (1937). Lead contents of 0.0C5 to 0.01 mg. per 100 co. of blood are Tound in normal per sons, while in lead poisoning they are 0.07 to 1 mg. The evaluation of blood lead must be considered in relation to other findings. 03117781 References to Recent Literature - ID HMBB*-0007864 533 OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS ON MERCURY POISONING IN THE LABORATORY. E. Hohwi Christensen, M. Erogh and M. Nielsen Skand. Arch. f. Physiol. 76, 273-8 (1937). (German). Also brief account ir. Nature 139, 626-7 (1937). In the course of experiments on the effect of increased carbon dioxide content o inspired air, the subjects in one test experienced more serious symptoms than usual. The trouble was traced to droplets of nerourv which had fallen from a re eeptacle'to the table &r.d floor. The conditions of the experiment contributed to the maximum effect cf the small amount of mercury. Similar effects 7/ere found in ar.lmai experiments. This occurrence calls attention to the care needed in breath ing experiments. 640 ACUTE MERCURIAL POISONING. Jarrett E. Yiillians and C.R.N. Schram. Ind. Med. 6 490-1 (Sept., 1337). " A few workmen were engaged for several dams in removing mercury seals from stills. In the course of several years, small quantities of mercury had been spilled from time to time upon the lids of the stills end some of it had been painted over. Holes -were cut through the lids by means of an acetylene torch, and although the visible m.ercury had been removed, and only the odor of paint fumes could be de tected, several men developed esses of acute mercury poisoning. Apparently all the trouble arose during the first day's work, when the ventilation was insuffi cient. Symptoms are described. All the patients recovered, but the occurrence is reported to show the necessity of extreme care in situations in which mercury vapor may be present. 641 ZINC FEVER. PROPHYLACTIC RESULTS. H.S.Natvig Fidsskr. f. d. Norske Laegeforening (Norwegian) 5J7, 456-63 (1937). Cases of zinc fever, often recurrent, were observed in over 100 workers in brass foundries and other workshops where zinc is fused with copper. The disease is transitory and comparatively harmless but disagreeable. It is caused by the in halation of very fine particles of zinc oxide formed from the zinc vapor which is given off in large quantities when molten zinc and copper are mixed. The parti cles are sufficiently small to enter the alveoli. No fixed ventilation system or_ respirstcr -was found adequate. A movable device was contrived, equipped with a funnel-shaped opening and forced draft for removing the zinc vapor at its point of generation. No case of zinc fever has been found where it was in use. 642 CHRONIC ARSENIC POISONING AN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE, NOT AN OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT. J.A.? .A. (medicolegal abstracts) 109, 386 (July 31, 1937. The Oregon state supreme court ruled that a case of arsenic poisoning of the hand from peeling sprayed fruits was ar. occupational disease, which is not compensable, and not an accident. 43 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. D. 3ertschinger. Folia hematol. _57, 194-205 (1937) (German). A daily dose of 1 ec. of 1,% solution of arsenic acid, given a rabbit for 38 days, produced a fall in leucocytes after each dose, rising to almost normal before the next injection. A slow steady decrease was also noted. Aith greater doaes a rap: lymphopenia set in. Another experiment indicated that the cause is not injury to lymph tissue but rather destruction of lymphocytes outside the lymphatic tissue. 03117782 References to Recent Literature - 1 Aw n iftfi-tiW im S 44 ChuiQKIC ARSIHE POISONING. M. Kiese, Arch. f. exp. Pathol. u.Fharmakol. 166, 337 76 (1337) (German). ~~" Animals were subjected one hour daily, over a period of several weeks to quanti ties of arsir.e of 4 to 50 micrograms of arsir.e per liter of air, Twice the -a* imum quantity produced subacute poisoning in a week. As in acute poisoning, th blood was most affected, especially in fall of erythrocyte count and hemoglobin Active regeneration was seen at first, but it disappeared later and a stationary state of anemia was reached. Y/her. exposure ceased, blood recovery took place can slcvrly than that of the general condition. In autopsies, much iron pigment and the largest quantities of arsenic were found in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. At about 20-25 micrograms per liter is a range below -which the accumulation of poison ar.d injury does not reach its maximum. A real habituation seems to deTM.cn, 645 "JSE OF FROTECTO? LIQUIDS 117 CHROMIUM PLAT I''0. P. I. Verkhovskaia. Gigiena truda no. 2, 33-6 (1337) (Eussiar..) A layer of kerosene 10 mm thick over the plating solution was found adequate to prevent escape of vapors, and to prevent abnormal changes in the mucous membrane of the nose and at the base of the larynx, which occurred before the protector liquid -was used. 646 PROTECTOR LIQUID IT ELECTROLYTIC CHROMIUM ELATING. E. I. Shaverdova. Gigiena truda, no. 1, 89-91 (1937), fuscicn). The plating solution was covered by a layer, 20 mm. thick, of petroleum, to which had been added 125 cc. of sulfuric acid, 10 g. of bichromate and 250 cc. of water per liter of petroleum. Practically no vapor escaped from the vate and the proc ess was not disturbed. 647 FEW DATA OK THE TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AIR. E. Eohn-Abrest. Rev. chim. ind. (French) 46, 2-14, 40-45, 66-70 (1337). A general paper describing the determination of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, - carbonaceous gases, alkyl halogens, hydrogen sulfide, arsine, phosphine, hyd-cgsn cyanide, nitrogen oxides, benzene and solid and finely divided liquid particles 643 the detsk.::n-cio:: of atmospheric contaminants. I. ORGANIG haolgen compounds. Hervey 3. Elkins, Amos E. Hobby and James E. Fuller, Division of Occupational / Hygiene, Massachusetts Department of Labor end Industries, Boston, Mass. J. Ind. J Kyg. 13, 474-35 (Nov., 1937) Reprints obtainable from senior author. The paper describes a chemical method for the determination of organic haloger vapors ar.d dusts in the atmosphere. The vapors of volatile liquids are absorbed in a suitable solvent in a special absorber, and the solvent is burned in a mod ified sulfur lamp apparatus. The products of combustion are absorbed in dilute sodiur. hydroxide solution and the halogen present is determined, after neutrali zation, by a Mohr titration. Trial ar.d consideration of the properties of sol vents led to the selection of amyl acetate as the most suitable. The absorberconsisted of 5 inclined tubes in one piece. The method was shown to be satis factory for 8 chlorine compounds of industrial importance. It is shown theoret ically that the volume of air that car. be sampled successfully is inversely pro portional to the vapor cressure of the substance absorbed. The method cannot be used for extremely volatile substances such as methyl chloride, and cooling with ice is desirable for chloroform, and ethyl bromide, also for low concentrations of carbon tetrachloride. Comparison with the activated charcoal method showed that the absorption method is somewtet more accurate for low concentrations. A few comparisons v.-ere also made against the direct combustion method, and the relative advantages of the two methods are discussed. To some extent high-boil ing and low-boiling compounds in mixtures can be determined separately by the absorption method. 03117783 .-.eferences to rtecer.t Literature - 14 >o 00 r*-. 649 MOTE ON TEE STUDY OF DECOMPOSITION BY HZAT OF HYDROCARBONS, ESPECIALLY CHLORIMA^g HYDROCARBONS, MIXED 'WITH AIR. E. Kohn-Abrest and Msfi. Ann. d'Hyg,, pub. 15 373-84 (1937) (French.) i The authors describe a process by vhich quantities of chloroform., triohlcrethyls6 carbon tetrachloride and tetrachlorethane, far below the danger lir.it, can be tested. In combustion, free chlorine and carbon dioxide develop only if more than 4 to 12 mg. per liter of the chlorinated hydrocarbons are present, depending upon the substance. In concentrations up to IOC mg. per 1*, the production of phosgene cannot be detected. Detection of these substances in organs is also described. <rr\ 650 CAUSATIVE INFLUENCES AND CLINICAL TYPES OF POISONING 3Y CARSON TETRACHLORIDE. THE MEDICO-LEGAL VIEWPOINT. Dervillee. J. Med. de Bordeaux 114, 557-82 (1537) (French The properties and uses of carbon tetrachloride are first described. The results of poisoning are variable, as individual susceptibilities vary greatly. It nay affect the brain, the liver and kidneys, the kidneys alone, the lungs or the skin Details are given of oases falling under these headings. The after-effects of ex posure are as variable as the symptoms; some persons are attacked fatally and sue cumb to uremia or acute pulmonary edema, others recover completely, and others present various sequelae. Treatment must depend upon ihe manifestations. Preven tion is important and easy to ensure. Adequate ventilation and avoidance of olose areas and high temperatures are the principal precautions. Its use in therapeu tics ar.d in hair lotions should be avoided entirely. Workers injured by its in dustrial use should receive compensation. 651 ARTERIAL AND VENOUS LIFEMIA IN EXHIRIMENTAL CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING. G.G. Zolezza. Med. del Lav. 28, 133-47 (1937) (Italian.) The action of carbon tetrachloride in producing arterial and venous lipemia was traced by animal experiments to the lipoid and fat solvent action on the tissue substance. 652 A CASE OF PHOSGENE POISONING DUE TO INHALATION PRODUCTS OF TRICHLORETHYLENE. Vi'm D. McNally. Ind. Ned. 6, 539-44 (Oct., 1937). The paper is devoted mainly"to the toxicity of trichlorethylene itself. It is qufc stable at ordinary tem.peratures and the commercial product does not decompose to yield hydrochloric acid, because a small quantity of altoli is added as a stabi liser. However, when it ccsies in contact with heated metal, gas flames or burnir. tobacco, it decomposes with formation of hydrochloric acid and phosgene, which is best known from its use as a war gas. Trichlorethylene is used in many industries as an oil and grease solvent, and most of the cases of poisoning result from ths , inhalation of the vapor. It is somewhat less toxic than most of the other chlo rinated hydrocarbons, and does not cause fatty degeneration as do many ofthe others. However, acute poisoning cases result in anesthesia of the nerve dis tributed over the face and mouth and atrophy of the optic nerve, leading to loss of sight. The work of a number of experimenters on animals and reports of human cases are reviewed, showing lung damage, blindness, and poisoning of a number of organs. Diagnosis is complicated by the identity of many of the symptoms with those from other causes, which must be considered by careful examination and knowledge of case history. Preventive measures include removal of the vapors by down-draft ventilation, use of a closed system if possible, avoiding contact with flames and heating surfaces and prohibition of smoking. 553 NERVE INJURIES (NEURITIS ISCHIATICA, TRAUMATIC EPILEPSY) AFTER ACUTE BENZINE POIS ONINC-. H.H.Jansen. Deutsch. Ztschr. f. Nervenheilk. 144, 68-80 (1937) (German.) The author reports 3 cases in which nerve injury appeared after severe acute ben zine poisoning, with description of symptoms. The injuries cannot be definitely attributed to the benzine alone, as the exact composition of the gases was unknar; 03117784 References to Recent Literature 654 A STUDY OF BENZOL POISONING. Carlos E. Fallon. Ind. Med. 6, 560-2 (Oct., 1937). The symptoms and progress of 3 fatal cases of benzol poisoning in a leather ffcc tory under the author's observation are given detail, as are also the results o blood counts or. a number of employees. The method of urir.e sulfate determinsti and the decrease in the number of white blood cells are good indications of ear stages of poisoning. 655 ACUTE POISONING TUTS A UF.V MOTOR FUEL (LIQUID PROFANE GAS). CLINICAL INVESTIGA TIONS .iND ANIMAL EXFERIMENTS. H.J.T.'olf and F.ilenr.e. Arch. f. exp. Fathoi. u. Fhamakol. (German) 186, 73-56 (1S37), This gas contains mainly propane, with some butane ar.d olefine. A driver who had inhaled some of the gas developed symptoms which can be divided into 2 groups: narcosis ar.d a symptom complex caused by very marked irritation of the para sympathetic system. The authors produced the same symptoms in rabbits, and after severing the vagus ar.d depressor nerves, the blood pressure, which had decreased markedly, recovered. However, a second sample" of the gas did not produce the same effects. The authors assume that this vagus irritant is to be found in the ole fines, whereas the other symptoms are caused by the propane. Doubtless the de fine content of the gas varies widely. 656 THE DETERMINATION OF CARBON DISULFIDE IN BLOOD. J. Roberts narrower and Frank H. Wiley, Haskell Lab. of Industrial Toxicology, Wilmington, Del. J. Ind. Hyg., 19, 486-90 (Nov., 1937). Reprints probably obtainable at that address. A micro-apparatus is described which permits the determination of carbon disulfTds in minute amounts through its conversion to the potassium ethyl xanthate by the action of alcoholic potassium hydroxide and the subsequent oxidation of the arti ste to dixanthate by titration with iodine. Carbon disulfide has been estimated with a fair degree of accuracy by this procedure in a 10 cc. sample of blood con taining as little as 0.05 mg. of this substance per 100 cc. - Fran the author's summarv. 657 THE SYTIFrOmArOLOGY OF CHRONIC POISONING WITH OXIDES OF NITROGEN. N.A.Vlgdortsehil and others. J. Ind. Hyg., 19, 469-73 (Nov., 1937). No reprints. An investigation was made of-the effect of continued exposure to oxides of nitro-~~ gen in low concentrations on 127 workers ir. sulfuric acid plants and etchers in printing shops. The nitrogen dioxide concentration was in almost all oases below 0.005 mg. per liter (about 1.5 parts per million) - a figure that is generally considered safe - ar.d periods of exposure varied from 3 to 5 years. A large num ber of tests was made, and the findings were compered with those in a control group of unexposed persons of the same ages and living under approximately sim ilar conditions. The results were compared according to approved statistical methods and are presented in a table under the headings of authentic symptoms and probable symptoms according to the degree of correlation obtained. The authentic symptoms include wearing down of teeth, inflamed mucosa of the gvsns, emphysema of the lungs, tuberculosis, hypotonia, bradycardia, and in the blood, high hemoglobin content, large numbers of erythrocytes, increased vital granula tion, marked basophilic granulation, increase in maximum resistance of erythro cytes, accelerated agglutination of blood, reduced catalase index, reduced re serve alkalinity, decreased sugar content, and lability of the sugar curve. The probable syr.otoms include carious decay of teeth, disturbed gastrio secretion, chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular neurosis, and in the blood, moderate leueopenia, moderate lymphocytosis, increase in minimum resistance of erythrocytes, di Ivyed reaction to their precipitation and increased content of bilirubin. The re lation of these symptoms to the poisoning is discussed; some follow indirectly a: the result of other symptoms. The results were checked by a study of 5 men who hed left the hazardous occupations; in all cases a definite tendency of thB blooc to return to its normal composition was observed. The necessity of further work is emphasized. 03117785 Heferer.ces to Recent Literates - 1< S53 SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND PATHOGENS IS OF SOLE POISONINGS. 0- Roth. Schweizer. -d. V/chnschr. 67, 533-6 (1937). (German.) " oo o'cO r-* The author reports cases of poisoning in which there were some peculiar reactio^ In one apparently light nitrous gas poisoning the patient developed an attack afB cramps which returned repeatedly in the following years. The cramps were four.dtn to follow hyperventilation or dyspnea, and the nitrous poisoning seemed ~o haveSS cleared the way for this reflex. Another case was that of asthmatic outbreaks ie caused cy welding, and in another brom.ethyl possibly contributed to development of polyvalent bronchial asthma. 659 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NITRONS GAS FOISO: 33C-2 (1937). G. Holland. Med, Klin, (German) 33, The author reports a case of moderately severe poisoning. In 15 hours after ex posure, an x-ray shewed both lung fields covered with countless mottled shadows of various sizes which were confluent in the basal region. In 8 days the shadows had disappeared, as did also the pains. Eight months later there was ar. increase in erythrocytes and in the hemoglobin. Similar changes have been found in other cases. 660 NOTE ON THE DECREE OF THE REICH'S MINISTER OF LABOR ON THE GENERATION OF NITROUS OXIDE IN AUTOGENOUS WELDING. P. Kissinger. Aertzl. Sachverstaend. - Ztg. 43, 122 (1937). (German). A case of lur.r edema in autogenous welding presented great difficulty to the authorities, and was finally decided as being a fatal accident from "phosphorous and hydrogen sulfide and irreparable gases.w 661 TOXICITY OF VARNISH FOR BEER BARRELS. J.A.I'.A. 109, 454 (Aug. 7, 1937). In reply to a letter reporting a case of poisoning of a workman varnishing beer barrels and inquiring whether the use of.p'.ure grain alcohol instead of denatured alcohol as a solvent would have prevented poisoning, the editor replies that a number of constituents of typical varnishes are toxic, as are also the blow "torch fumes, and that the injury probably aros-e from those sources rather than from any_ constituent of the alcohol. He advocates the use of a positive pressure helmet for work in enclosed spaces. 662 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON IN 70X1CATI ON WITH ACETONE. U. Bassi and G. Gheati. lied, lavora (Italian) 27, 225-49 (1936). Rabbits were intoxicated progressively by acetone. Loss in weight took place, in some cases to or.e-third the original weight. Some subjects showed habituation, especially vrith smaller doses. Symptoms included irritation, disturbance* of the central nervous system, decrease in the red cell and hemoglobin content of the blood, hyperglucemia ar.d increase in the urobilin in the urine. 663 PROTECTION AGAINST MINE GASES. J.J.Forbes ar.d G.7,:.Grove. Miners' Circular No. 35 U.S.Bureau of Mines, 1937. 52 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 10 cents, cash. ^ This publicetion is an up-to-date revision of Part III of a series of circulars on advanced mine rescue training, originally published in 1929. The general pre cautions against fire and explosion dangers include adequate ventilation and dhe use only permissible explosives, but this circular is concerned mainly with means of protection when a fire or an explosion has occurred. They includes (l) erec tion of barricades; (2) the carbon monoxide self-rescue respirator; (3) gas masks for protection against jrases, smokes and vapors; (4) self-contained oxygen breath ing apparatus, and (5) hose masks. The discussion of barricades includes recom mendations for their construction, quantity of air necessary to sustain life, and appraisal of their value, illustrated by a table of mine accidents in which they were used. Many tyres of the various protective devices are described 03117786 r.eierences to decent rature - ir. detail. A chapter on treatment for gas poisoning or asphyxiation concludes t paper. The recommended forms of treatment include several manual methods of ar tifioial respiration and oxygen breathing apparatus. Mechanical devices such a the pulmotor are not recommended for use by laymen. 664 LOSS OF MEKORY FROM GAS POISONING: A MAN '"I THOU T THE MEMORY. G. Stoerring. Itschr..f. d. ges. Menrol. u. Psychiat. 156, 420-i (1937) (German.) A sound film illustrates a case of loss of memory caused by severe gas poisoning at an over.. The man was able to remember excerier.ces for about or.e second. automobile exhaust gas poisoning-. investigations `.vith a diesel motor. M. Schmidtmanr.. Arch. f. Gewerbepethol. u. Oewerbehyg. 8, 1-13 (1937) (German). Experiments on rabbit-: showed that ar.thracosia results from inhalation of ex haust gases from Diesel motors. Two remarkable observations are that lymph in filtration and increase of connective tissue are found and that the enthracosis is caused by much, smaller quantities of soot than those ordinarily required. The author explains both by the small quantities of unburned oil with which the soot is mixed. A Diesel motor generally uses the pert of petroleum or the heavy oil of coal or pyrolusite tar boiling at around 300C. 666 BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES TO ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE-POISONING. W. R. Brewer. Am. J. Physiol. 120, 91-9 (Sept. 1, 1937). Animals given mixtures of carbon monoxide and oxygen do not respond by a rise in blood pressure, which is ar. invariable result of nitrogen administration. This absence of rise is not due to any lack of -capacity of the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerve endings to receive stimuli. 667 CKR0M0SM0N STUDIES. I. ACTION OF EKTHYLENE BLUE-GLUCOSE ( CHROMOSMOH) ON CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING IN ANIMAL RESEARCH. A. Strum and H. Wohlfahat. Arch. f. exp. Pathol, u. Tharnakol. (German) 186, 294-302 (1937). II. ACTION OF METHYLENE BLU1 GLUCOSE (CHROKGSNOU) OS ANIMALS POISONED EXIERMENTALLY 7.1 TH CYANIDE. A. Strum ar.d K. Parser. Ibid. 303-5. III. CAN !E THYLENE BLUE (CHROMOSMOM) FORM 1ETHEMQ- GL03IM IN THE LIVING ORGANISM. A. Strum and 7f. Franke. Ibid., 306-12. - The results of three series of experiments reported indicate that chromoamom is a specific antidote against cyanide poisoning and non-specific although effectiv in carbon monoxide poisoning. It causes no noteworthy increase in emthemoglobin and tissue respiration is definitely not endangered by its use. 66S FIRST INTERNATIONAL SESSION ON THE' PATHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF MORK, PARIS. JUNE 2-S, 1937. Ann. d' Hyg. pub. (French) L5, 413-24 (1937); also in J.A.M.A. (Paris Letter) 109, 722-3 (Aug. 23, 1937). A short report on this session includes brief notes on a few papers, one by Kohn-Abrest, who showed that paradoxically the carbon monoxide in acute poison ing is washed out of the blood in a few hours, whereas in chronic poisoning traces are detectible for months. 669 DISCUSSION OF DIE EFFECTS OF ASPHYXIATING GASES ON THE RESFIRATORY SYSTEM. S. Blackmore and others. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 3G, 1033-S (July, 1937). This is a general discussion of the effects of war gases - phosgene, chlorine and mustard "as - and includes etiology, pathology and treatanent. In anoxemia oxygen should be administered as soon as possible ar.d maintained until the pa tient oar. do without it for 5 minutes without clinical retrogression. Bleeding is an accessorv treatment of great value. There is much difference of opinion on the value of infusion of saline, glucose, etc. References to Recent -iteratur e - 15 S3 570 FIXATION OF SULFUR FROM SMELTER SMOKE. R.S.Dean. U.S.Sur. Xines, Kept. Investig^ tior.s no. 3339 (May, 1937). Obtainable from Division of Information, 'J.S.Bureaugj of Mines, `.Vashingtcn, D.C. ' cs The problem of prevention of damage to plant and animal life by sulfur dioxide the vicinity of smelters has been met in 2 ways: (l) dilution of effluent gases by using high stacks and high gas temperatures, ar.d (2). by converting the sulfuJ* dioxide to a disposable liquid or solid.compound. The first method seems likel^5 to remain the most generally applicable and satisfactory for many years. The second awaits development of an economically practical method ofrecovering el ementary sulfur. The present report includes a study of the progress made in thi direction here sr.d abroad, and includes progress reports on laboratory studies at the Bureau of Mines on the following processes: (l) absorption of sulfur dioxide by ammonium sulfite solution; (2) addition of ammonia ar.d 'water vapor to smelter gases to precipitate ammonium sulfite particles and (3) absorption of sulfur di oxide by agneous diethylene triamine solutions. 671 "TESTII-AT10N OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS IN THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1S36. Dept. Scientific and Industrial Research, H.M.Stationery Office,. London, 1937. Price 6 s. Obtainable from British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., New York. A review of observations in Great Britain for the past 20 years indicates that the smoke abatement movement has had a real effect in reducing smoke pollution. A simpler and less expensive photometer has been devised for measurement of day light. Earlier experiments to obtain records of sulfur dioxide pollution from different wind directions have led to the development of an apparatus whioh re cords the frequency of winds from each of eight sectors and exposes a correspond ing sector of a lead peroxide fabric. In subsequent analysis of ttie seotora of fabric, the sulfur pollution associated with the different v/ind directions can be estimated. The appendix of the report contains a discussion of observations on the intensity of ultraviolet and visible rays at Rochdale,.with graphic analysis. 672 THE EFFECT OF TOLLING ON THE EYE. D.M.Natanson and D.P. Vinogorow. Viestnik ` Opht. 1, pt. 2, 29C (1937). (Russian). A study of 244 welders shows that no serious or permanent ocular inflammations or deleterious effect on visual acuity or visual fields are produced by welding. However, chronic electric opthalmias are frequent, and corneal sensitivity is considerably reduced. The probable causes are light, flying particles of metal and chemical vapors. Lenticular opacities are not attributable to this occupation 673 EXPERIMENTS ON A PHYSICAL QUALIFICATION TEST TOR '.,.,0RK V.'ITH X-RAYS. M. Sgalitzer and E. Ur.gar. Strahlentherap. (German) 58, 701-9 (1937). There are great individual differences in radiation sensitivity of the blood forming organs, and physical tests should be made to determine sensitivity. The leucooyte6 should be counted before exposure and on the 11th and 14th days after exposure. 674 INDUSTRIAL RADIUM DAMAGE. L. Teleky. V.'ien. klin. "ohnschr. (German) 50, 619-23 (1937), A review of industrial injury from radium, as observed in clinics, in industries producing ar.d using radium preparations, and in mines. The results of exposure include skin affections, damage to bones and blood, all occurring after a rela tively short exposure, and tumors after long exposure or latent period. Bron chial career results from inhalation, and bone sarcome from absorption from the digestive tract. 03117788 -5; -sy. .< References 10 Recent Literature - 13 675 CLINICAL ASKCTS AND THERAPY OF INDUSTRIAL X-RAY D^M.vIE. F.F.Freund. Strahlentherap.(Proc. 1st Congress of the Austrian X-ray Society in Vienna) (German ) 53, 694-6 (1937). Vfe have no information on this 3per except that it is a general review. 676 I'EASUSSISfTS OF RADIATION PROTECTION. E.G. Zimmer. Strahlentherapie 59, 671-9 (is X-rays and gamma ray3 cause cell injury which is transmitted to the next genera tion of cells, making any establishment of a tolerance dose impossible, since that depends on restitution ability. Exposure of persons to radiation, therefore, must be reduced as much as possible, and measurements of radiation must be made by equipping workers with automatically registering apparatus. Gender,:. .ion icnozation chambers are best for this purpose. Gr.e such chamber put on the hand and one at the head of a nurse employed in the preparation cf radium applicators showed that the accepted tolerance threshold of 0,2 r. per day was always exceeded at the back of the hand, and often at the head. Working conditions, therefore, must be improved. 677 PROTECTION IN THE USE OF ROENTGEN RAYS. A. Brandt. Fortschr. a.d. Geb. d. Roent- genstrahl. 55, 25-3 (1937). The author suggests that the radiation hazard is much greater in technical than in medical occupations. There are longer exposures and greater amounts of ra diation in the former, and persons exposed are engineers not medically or hyglea- ically trained. Therefore the suggested tolerance dose of O.OOOOlrper sec. is not applicable. The author recommends compulsory reporting on the part of fac tories, measurement of radiation and medical supervision of workers, inciting total and differential white blood corpuscle counts at intervals. f 67S EXPOSURE TO X-RAY IN INDUSTRY. REPORT OF A CASE. K.I. Kronenberg and Halter Shriner. Ind. Med. 6, 532-3 (Oct., 1937), A fluoroscope was used in the examination of packaged goods. It was guaranteed ray-proof by the manufacturer, however, dental films attached to the wrist, front of the chest, and cap of the operator were found fogged in a week, while one or, the back was not. The machine was then more completely ray-proofed and suitable eye shields were provided. The occurrence is given as an illustration of the care an employer must use to protect himself from possible suits. " 679 MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION OF PERSONNEL IN RADIOLOGIC 'TORE AND PROTECTIVE MEASURE MENT AGAINST GAMMA RAYS. A. Feller and Langer. Acta Radiol. 18, 546-51 (Aug. 31, 1937) (Swedish). A case in which a surgeon and his staff were found affected by radiation is re ported. The measured quantity of radiation showed it to be far above the toler ance dose, and the greatest amount was found to be received in the manipulation of moulages. After a movable protection wall had been set up and the manner of ' handling the moulages had been Improved, radiation on the body fell well below the tolerance dose. 650 AN ATTEMPT TO INHIBIT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TAR-CARCINOliA IN MICE. J.R.Davidson. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 37, 434-40 (Nov., 1937). As the result of 6 years' observation of over 600 mice, it seems to be farily well demonstrated that the tixior threshold of the mouse can be lowered by tar-irritatior., and raised or maintained at a constant level by breeding and diet, with varying dosages of vitamins in the diet, especially A,B, and E. Completion of the series will require another year, and will show whether the high vitamin diet now used will be sufficient or will have to be increased with age, and will permit determination of the tumor threshold in the animals with low vitamin diet. 03117789 HWB9r0007871 References to Recent Literature - 2C HUB 00f787 2 681 CANCER OF THE LUNG* A CRITICAL SURVEY OF IOO CASES. C.Harvey. Med. J. Australia 1_, 5c5-72 (1S36). Abstracted In Am, J, Cancer. A survey of ICO cases of cancer from 1910 to 1935 seems to indicate that there been some real increase in the incidence of the disease. Over half occurred be tween the ages of 41 and 60, An occupational influence is suggested by the larg percentage of patients (38#) exposed to noxious inhalatory stimuli and of those engaged in out-of-door pursuits (25#). 682 INDVSTRLAL DERMATITIS AND ITS PREVENTION. Louis Schwarts. MD, Medical Director, Dermatoses Investigations, ".3.Public Health Service. Nat. Safety News 36, 34-6* (Nov., 1937); Safety Engj J4, 7-10 (Nov., 1937). ' This paper is a brief review of the subject of industrial dermatitis. There are at leest 2C,0C0 cases of occupational skin diseases annually in the United States, of sufficient severity to lose time from work, and about 65# are dermatoses. The total number in all degrees of severity is probably about 250,000 cases yearly Factors involved in the cause of dermatitis include individual susceptibility, diet, age, presence of other skin diseases and lack of cleanliness. The chief causes are alkalies, oils and greases, solvents, acids, corrosive chemicals and plants. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are discussed briefly, but emphasis is is laid on prevention, including cleanliness, the use of carefully selected pro tective ointments as a temporary measure, and pre-employment examinations. Treat ment without cessation of work is recommended when the case is not too severe* 0 Proper legislation is advocated, and factory inspection by insurance carriers, in addition to complete reports of all cases is urged. (Reprints fcee probably not obtainable, but the two Bulletins next mentioned are recommended for a fuller knowledge of the subject.) 633 SKIN HAZARDS IN AMERICAN INDUSTRY. Fart I. Louis Schwartz, U.S.Pufelii Health Bull no. 215< Obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. for 15 cents, cash. This bulletin was originally issued in 1934, but has been reprinted and is now available. Each of a number of industries is considered In a separate section, including causes, symptoms with illustrations, treatment and prevention* The ' following industries are included* rubber, oil refining, syfiihetic dye manufac ture, candy making, silk, linseed oil, manufacturing, perflate and insecticides. 684 SKIN HAZARDS IN AMERICAN INDUSTRY. Fart II. Louis Schwarts. U.S.Public Health Bull. no. 229 (1936). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C. for 15 cents, cash. This Bulletin is similar in plan to the preceding, and includes the following industries; manufacture of synthetic resins and waxes, leather manufacture, fur industry, manufacture of artificial silks, fabric dyeing, wearing and handling dyed fabrics, and manufacture and use of insecticides and fungicides, alkalis, calcium cyanamide, chronic acid and zinc chloride. 685 DERMATITIS AMONG A GROUT OF OFFICE YORKERS FOUND NOT TO BE OF OCCUPATIONAL ORIGIN Louis Schwartz and Marion B. Sulzberger. U.S.Public Health Repts., 52, 1441-7 (Oct. IS, 1937). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, DT7., for 5 cents, cash. A supposed outbreak of occupational dermatitis among a group of 750 office workers was investigated, and from a study of the cases and of the work processes and from cr.e results of patch tests performed with the material* handled it was fouaA that the skin diseases were of various kinds and were not of occupational , origin. 03117790 References to Receni Literature - 21 0007873 In an investigation of 12 kinds of carbon papers and of a factory where carbon papers, typewriter ribbons, hectograph ribbons and hectograph inks are made no cases of occupational dermtoses were found. Before a diagnosis of occupations dermatitis is made in an office worker, the physician should obtain an accurate clinical history, should study at first hand the actual work performed, and shoutt make patch tests with the substances handled by the worker. If he neglects to & this, he mflv cause unjustified alarm among the workers and unnecessarily disrupt the business of the office. Proved cases of occupational dermatitis from carbon paper and carbon copies are exceedingly rate. - From the author's simirary. 586 TORCH OIL DERMATITIS. Adolph G. Rammer and Richard E. Callahan. J.A.M.A. 109, 1511-7 (Nov. 6, 1937). A number of workers handling torch oil developed dermatitis of the hands. An ex tensive investigation disclosed that there is probably an interrelationship be tween contact with torch oil and the existence of a focus of superficial fungous disease. The fungus did not come from the torch oil, and no case of dermatitis was seen in workers who did not also have interdigital epidermomycosis of the feet. The therapeutic measures usually applied to fungous infections were success ful. The demonstration of a focus of fungous disease is not enough to narrtnt the incrimination of that infection in the development of an industrial dermatosis. Such foci probably exist almcst universally among workers at the present time. 0 687 INFECTIVE WARTS IN WORKERS USING BONE-GLUE. A.I.G.McLaughlin and J.W.Ediafton. Lancet 233, 685-6 (Sept. 18, 1937). f_ An outbreak of warts, mainly on the back of the hands and fingers, oceurr^fc among workers in a cardboard-box ffe story. All those affected came in oontaot with boneglue. The warts were of an infective variety, but the glue was found ttt* tFcm the virus, and was also heated above the lethal temperature for the viru*. How ever, the glue was used after cooling, an d the fingers and knuckle* ware constant ly covered by the glue. It developed that the infection was originally introduce-: by some girl who had become infected outside the factory, and the infection spreac through contact with the glue pots. The outbreak ceased on elimination of the _ infection. 688 STUDIES OK THE SENSITISATION OF ANF'ALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. IV. AN APHYLAXIS IITUCED BY PICRYL CHORIDE AND 2:4 DINITROCELORBENZENE. K. Landsteiner and MAY.Chase. J. Exp. Med. _66_, 337-51 (Sept., 1937). These substances produce contact dermatitis in man, and it is possible to induce true anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pigs by intravenous injection of protei: conjugates and by the Dale technic. This furnishes strong evidence for the forma tion of antigenic conjugates following application of substances of simple chem ical constitution. Since the anaphylactic state is induoed by the same methods that cause cutaneous sensitivity, it seems evident that the formation of con jugated antigens offers an explanation of the skin effects also. 689 METHOD OF QUICK AND EXACT MEASUREMENT OF VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE HEMOGLOBIN IN BLOOD. I. May. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol. u. Gewerbehyg. 8, 21-6 (1937) (German). The method involves the use of the Pulfrich photometer with mercury vapor light and a passing filter. Carbon monoxide hemoglobin quantities of about 2% can be measured and gradations of 0.5-"? are recognizable. Only 0.1 oc. of blood is necessary, and only S minus's are required. _ 03117791 References to Recent Literature -22 r*. 690 TURJENiINE ECZEMA IK SWEDISH PAINTERS. E. Thrysin. Hygeia (Swedish) 99, 268-87 f- (1937). " In order to solve the problem of turpentine eczema in painters it is first nec- essary to determine what constituent of turpentine is responsible, ar.d the authffl analysed a number of preparations sold as oil of turpentine. There are 5 class* of "turpentine";'(l) true balsam oil of turpentine, obtained by tapping certain trees; (2) sulfate oil of turpentine, a by-product of sulfate cellulose produc tion; (3) charcoal oil of turpentine, produced by dry distillation of wood; (4) mixtures of true turpentine with mineral oils, and (5) "animal oil of turpentine" which contains mineral oils only. Some ir. the fourth class are fradulently labeled, also in the last class if sold as turpentine. Tests and standards in use in various countries are described. A process of purification by frac tional distillation is described with diagrams. Standards for purity should be imposed. 691 ski:: disease a varnishing plant and its investigation ttith special regard to SKIN TESTS. G. Munkwitz. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol u. Gewerbehyg., 8, 83-112 (1937). (German). ~ An attempt was made to determine by skin tests which of the materials used in a varnishing plant caused eczema. He concluded that a combined factor was involved the solvent paved the way for the injurious priming dye. No results were ob tained on constitutional influences, on account of the small number of cases of eczema - 30 out of 240 persons examined. 692 SKIN INJURY FROM OCCUPATION, SFORT, ACCORDING TO SEASON AND FROM COSMETIC*, IN CLUDING A SUPPLEMENT OF FIRST AID IN SUDDEN SKIN INJURY. M. Oppanhei*. flea, med. Mchnschr. 87, Nos. 11, 12, 20, 24, 27, 30, 31 (1937). The series consists of description of skin injuries having various external causes. The first four are concerned with industrial skin disease* and fuller information will be available later. 693 THE ANTHRAX HAZARD. John N. McDowell, Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y; State - Dept, of Labor, Ind* Bull. 16, 393 (Oct., 1937). Cases of anthrax occur occasionally, and may become fatal if proper precautions are not taken. The possibility of anthrax exists in all industries in which an imal skins and hair are handled. Precautions include cleanliness and. reporting all cases of cuts, accidents, pimples, sores or abrasions of the skin or any illness, no matter how termless they may seem. . 694 ACTION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ON THE SKIN. H. Scheuermann. Dermatol, tchnschr. 104, 661-7 (1937). (German.) A case of action of hydrofluoric acid on the skin is reported in which a 2-minute exposure to the vapor caused severe disturbance of the cutaneous and subcutaneais cell tissue with affection of the bone. No effect was seen a few hours after ex posure, but the disease reached its crisis on the 6th to 6th days. 695 BLOOD VESSEL DAMAGE FROM PROLONGED VI3RATI0N OF COMPRESSED AIR TOOLS AS AN IN DUSTRIAL DISEASE. K, Junghans. Arch. f. klin. Chir. (German) 188, 466-79 (1937). Little nodules found on the forearm of a castings polisher showed changes that resembled those seen in.Buerger's thrombangitis obliterans, and produced by pro longed vibracior*. The author suggests compensation of this as an industrial disease. 03117792 HWBB~000787,> References to Recent Literature - 23 696 JOINT INJURY FROM 7T0RX 7TITH PNEUMATIC TOOLS. Rostock. Fortschr. a. d. Geb. d. Roentgenstrahl. (German) 55_, 21-3 (1937). Continued work with compressed air tools causes osteochondritis in the hands, el bow or shoulder, depending upon which joint is affected most -y the vibration- They can also be caused by other hard work. The author gives some idea of the relative frequency of the condition. 697 MIMIMUM-vrAGE LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES AS OF JULY 1, 1937. U.S.Monthly n Labor Rev. 5, 361-93 (Aug., 1937), Minimum wage laws are now ir. effect in 22 States. An impetus to such legislation was given this year by the United Staves Supreme Court, ir. effect reversing an earlier decision that had declared the minimum-wage law of the District of Columbit rc\i unconstitutional. As a result of that decision, several jurisdictions have re vived their minimum wage laws, considered dormant since 1923. Kw in addition to the 22 States, ninimum-vage laws are also in efiect in Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. The article includes the principal provisions of all the minimum-wage laws ir. effect in 1937. 03117793 - v-: