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EGG INDUSTRY JANUARY * 1972 Recognize her? The active woman. Always on the go with plans and projects. Doesn't take time for * good, balanced nutrition. HOW THE POULTRY AND EGG But with only a few minutes preparation time, she could be enjoying nature's power-packed mini-meal--eggs. Two eggs provide as much as 20% of the woman's recommended daily protein intake. High-quality protein that includes the eight essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body. Eggs also Contribute essential vitamins A, D, E, K and the B group. And two eggs contain 2.3 mg of the iron that active women (and everyone else) needs every J-- NATIONAL BOARD IS PROMOTING EGGS TO CONSUMERS Then too, eggs, with only 80 calories each, help keep a slim, trim figure within reach--without sacrificing beneficial nutritional habits. : Cholesterol? "... there is not sufficient information available at the present time to warrant a change in tl American diet..." Council on Foods and Nutrition, American Medical Association. Eggs of course are the good cook's favorite.So easyto prc in everything from simple budget-stretching : main dishes to elegant entries. : MARKED COPY Vfe are pleased to call your attention to material on page .... First Ladies in families everywhe deserve natural,well-rounded n As always,eggs are an indispen part of that goal. Garden State Publishing Co. Sea Isle City. N. J. 08243 Poultry and Egg Natio._..... _ 16 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60603 Nutritional and dietary information from; U.S. Dept, of Agriculture Handbook No. 8.; "Recommended Dietary Allowances," Pood and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, Publ. No. 1694, Rev. 1966- STLCOPCB4080550 Artist's concept of the 1,280,000 bird Farmegg layer complex. wnv .joe i m )i)ci;.\ CMOS!-: f ii(; 1)1'TCI I.MAN... Acceptance of Big Dutchman quality and reliability is evident at Farmegg Products, Inc., Humboldt, Iowa. The owners of this large, modern egg production complex chose the UlTram-Matic flat deck cage system, with wall-to-wall cages and overhead tram, for their fully automated cage houses. Why do professional poultrymen, large and small, choose Big Dutchman equip ment? Whether they buy our Ul-TramMatic, or our Tri-Deck or any other of our eight kinds of systems, they make their choice because of confidence in the Big Dutchman reputation for re search, quality and reliability. Farmegg President Joe Dodgen says, "Every piece of equipment had been proven reliable in use before we selected it." Todays Bid INVESTMENT" l'< H l.TliY OPERATION'S ('all For Reliable Fquipnienl Sla Dutchman, * A DIVISION Of U.S. INDUSTRIES,INC. usi Zeeland, Michigan 49464 U.S.A. DSW 333974 | \ \ STLCOPCB4080551 Introducing the modern way to ship eggs. New NeslCase is designed for carrying 30 dozen eggs all the way from henhouse to marketplace. Its sturdy plastic construction provides protection, yet is lightweight and easy to handle in every stage of processing. When stacked, NestCases lock into rigid interlocking loads -- and when empty they nest in just Vs the space. But here's the clincher. Since NestCases are reusable over and over again, they actually cost less to use than other types of container! Learn more about this new product from NesTier, the container NesTcase specialists. Contact NesTier Division, Vanguard Industries Inc., . , . .. 10605 Chester Rd,, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215. Call (513) 772-1313. r6US3DI6 piaSlIC Cyg CdSc See us at the Southeastern in Atlanta . .. Booth 223-224 DSW 333975 STLCOPCB4080552 These five Vineland? Vaccines help protect poultry profits Vineland Laboratories is proud to offer poultrymen five proved vaccines which provide protec tion against the major diseases of the poultry industry. Each vaccine is produced under the strictest quality standards to assure efficacy. All are dedi cated products... produced to protect your poultry invest ments through better livability. How well do uou know theVineUind line of vuccines? lasota strain Newcastle VACCINE -18-year veteran, a leader in defense against every known strain of Newcastle dfsease. Prevents Newcastle disease with the highest immunity and most durable protection. PROTURK --combination of three strain fowl cholera bacterin plus erysipelas bacterin. Easy to use. Cuts the time and labor required for vaccinating turkey flocks. Flows freely through an automatic syringe. tremblex --VINELAND'S outstanding discovery. A proved barrier against avian encephalomyelitis for the commercial life of the bird. In breeders, Tremblex prevents A.E. infection from being transmitted through hatching eggs; in replacement layers it prevents drops in egg production caused by A.E. Also prevents mortality and condemnations in broilers and laying replacement chicks. topical spray fowl POX VACCINE --Blocks out fowl pox. This powerful vaccine 1 when sprayed into the follicles of the bird eliminates the possibility of spreading harmful organisms from bird to bird should the vaccine become contaminated by the stick in the conventional wing-web method. Exclusive from Vineland; also exclusive 1000 dose package size. MLT --Provides defense against laryngotracheitis. Highly protective mild strain MLT vaccine for application nasally, in the eye or by the newly approved vent brush method. VINELAND'S MLT vaccine was the first vaccine with government approval for vent brush application. Your inquiries are invited... a field representative will call upon request, i VINELAND LABORATORIES, INC. A SUBSIDIARY OF DAMON 2285 EAST LANDIS AVE.. VINELAND. NEW JERSEY 08360. TEL: (609) 691-2411 Specialists in Livability DSW 333976 PRODUCERS OF VACCINES, DRUGS, SANITATION PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT tSG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 5 7 STLCOPCB4080553 ON THE COVER Poultry and Egg National Board is current ly advertising in leading medical and nu tritional journals with the general message that "eggs are good for you." The ads, themselves, such as the one reproduced on the cover--third in the series--are profes sionally prepared by Buchen Advertising Agency, Chicago. The program is financed by the 30-60 Cholesterol Club. The name signifies that $30,000 in contributions sup ports a six-month program and $60,000 is needed for one year. State and regional associations have provided contributions to fund six months, but more is needed to complete the program. ^GG INDUSTRY COMMERCIAL ECS MANAGEMENT FROM FARM TO MARKET JANUARY, 1972, VOLUME 5, NUMBER 1 STAFF WILLIAM A. HAFFERT, JR. Editorial Director BROWNY STEPHENS Editor ROLAND C. HARTMAN Associate Editor W. J. STADELMAN M. L. SCOTT Contributing Editors HORACE J. HAFFERT Business Manager EDWARD W. MATLACK Circulation Manager CARL J. LOVEJOY Production Manager EDITORIAL OFFICES EAST--Garden State Building, 4411 Landis Ave,, Sea isle City, N. J. 08243. Tele phone: 609-263-4041. MIDLANDS--P. O. Box 58237, Nashville. Tenn. 37205. Telephone: 615-356-6464. WEST--P. O. Box 1220, Redlands. Calif. 92373. Telephone: 714-793-2663. Unsolicited manuscripts submitted for pub lication must be accompanied by return postage. Return of such material is no) guaranteed. ADVERTISING OFFICES MIDWEST--Hayward-McComb. 2 N. River side Plaza, Chicago, III. 60606. Telephone: 3I2-CE6-5I42. WEST--Zander, Coughlin & Thompson, Inc., S478 Wilihire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 900 36. Telephone: 213-938-0111, and 22 Battery St., San Francisco, Calif. 94111. Telephone: 415-398-4444. SOUTH--The Runnels Co., Room 366, Texas Gas Bldg., 2472 Bolsover St., Houston Tex. 77005. Telephone: 713-524-6633. DATE OF ISSUE EGG INDUSTRY is published the first day of each month by the Garden State Pub lishing Company, Garden State Building, 4411 Landis Ave., Sea Isle City, N. J. 08243. Telephone: 609-263-4041 and 609-263-40SI. Controlled circulation postage paid at Sea (tie City, N. J. SUBSCRIPTIONS Per yeer. $5; two years, $9. Single copies, 50c. Other countries, $10 per year. Sub scription prices qouted above apply to those directly connected with the egg in dustry, but not meeting controlled circula tion requirements. To ell others, subscrip tion prices are $10 per year in U. S. A.; $15 per year in other countries. When writ ing about a change in address, pease give old address as it appears on the address label, as well as the new address. ASSOCIATED PUBLICATIONS Broiler Industry Feed Management Petfood Industry Poultry Digest BRA Copyright 1972 by Garden State Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Reproduc tion without permission is strictly prohibited. 6 NEWS ANALYSIS 12 JUSTICE RULING ENDANGERS MARKETING CO-OP MEMBERSHIP Contract production said not eligible under Capper-Volstead 15 FAULKNER STEPS DOWN AS UEP MANAGER Egg cooperative movement enters Phase Two era 20 ARCHITECT OF CO-OP MOVEMENT: JERRY FAULKNER As a manager, you "can't ride the top of the fence" FEATURES 28 SPECIALIST DEFENDS EGGS' ROLE IN DIET Fingers sugar, carbohydrates in rising heart disease 32 ANOTHER LOOK AT HIGH DENSITY CAGE HOUSING Four-tier system features complete automation 35 WHERE WE STAND ON PCB'S Monsanto's program to avert further outbreaks 44 PLAGUED BY SURPLUS? SELL MORE EGGS Promotion specialists suggest how 46 COURT RULES FOR CASH ACCOUNTING Apparently, hens are not "egg-making machines" 50 SEARCH FOR THE FACTS IS PAYING OFF Egg nutrition commission lays battle plans DSW 333977 DEPARTMENTS 10 Washington 18 Price Forecast 54 Research Digest 59 Tiny's Corner ' 59 Coming Events 66 Editorial EGG INDUSTRT/ JANUARY, H72 STLCOPCB4080554 It starts with research. Dedicating our resources to finding specific solutions to specific problems. It continues with production. Apply ing our scientific knowledge to producing products that increase your R.O.I. It's our sales and service departments making certain that your order is there when you need it. It's your Sterwin Poultry Specialist having the information that is crucial to your business. It's delivering on our promises... It's Reliability. OS\N 3M978 EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 Sterwin Laboratories tnc., MUIsboro, Delaware 13D66. STERWIN Subsidiary of Sterling Drug InC. 7 STLCOPCB4080555 STLCOPCB4080556 Shaver288* `Lining and laying better than ever!9 No matter how many eggs a layer can produce, if she doesn't live, she doesn't lay. Today's improved Shaver+Starcross 288 is built to thrive in the modern laying house. With her superior production, vitality and stamina, she's the layer that'll make each square foot of space work harder for you. When you have Shaver 288, you've got the layer that's got what it takes--extra production, inbred resistance to Marek's, plus continuous improvement through applied breeding and research. Official records show it. For proof of Shaver 288's inbred resistance to disease, look at these figures from Random Sample Tests completed in 1970. None of the entries were vaccinated for Marek's. 13th Penna 11th N. Carolina 16th Missouri 13th Minnesota Growing Livability 99.2% 97.7% 92.3% 96.1% Laying House Livability 90.2% 93.7% 90.4% 91.1% With the profit squeeze on, you need the layer that's got what it takes. You'll be better off with Shaver+Starcross 288--the layer that produces higher net income in any market. Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms Ltd., Galt, Ontario, Canada. Southeastern Division: Box 88, Cullman, Alabama. jjfjj SHAVER+STARCROSS 288 llrfL 4-time leader in U S DA summaries. 30 ir. as n- >i- iy le 3 i , JrtcU' STLCOPCB4080557 THE VIEW FROM WASHINGTON Hearings promised on fowl seiloff Wider industry support needed Egg mix buy tops last year Corn purchase CONGRESS HAS PROMISED public hearings in January on the United Egg Producers production adjustment bill, but the UEP still has a rough row to hoe. UEP's campaign for passage of the legislation has been sprinkled with pluses and minuses. Congress has been impressed with the large num ber of egg-producing organizations backing it, but the absence from the list of the Poultry and Egg Institute (PEIA) and Southeastern Poultry and Egg Ass'n (SEPEA) has hurt. A key figure in the drive is Georgia Democrat Herman Talmadge, who is chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee. Talmadge has promised to help UEP get the bill through Congress, provided the industry wants it. The Georgia senator is reported to feel that the UEP plan has support of an overwhelming majority of the egg industry. However, he is inclined right now to let the egg industry lobby the production control plan through Con gress. Although PEIA and SEPEA have not endorsed the UEP bill, they have not opposed it. Capitol Hill sources believe UEP could sell its bill to Con gress without support from these two influential trade associations just so long as PEIA and SEPEA do not actively fight it. But without PEIA and SEPEA backing, it could take longer to enact the legislation . . . and time is important. If Congress does not get cracking soon on the UEP bill, its enactment will come too late to do the industry much good. UEP has set up a temporary political base in Washington, from where its reps fan out daily to recruit votes and respond to congressional queries about the bill. UEP officials also are still plugging away at the Institute and Southeastern, trying to get them in their corner. USDA'S EGG MIX purchase program has moved more than 1.6 million cases of shell eggs off the market the past year. The government egg buy was the largest egg purchase in 10 years. USDA stayed in the market long er than usual because eggs were a good buy, and because it was felt the market needed the support. The egg mix is used in programs to feed the needy. USDA also tries to key its food purchase programs to help ease the burden when a commodity surplus depresses prices. In 1970, USDA pur chased egg mix for only three months m the spring. It bought a total of 846,000 cases. THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION was not especially eager to launch that corn purchase program but was forced to do so to buy the Senate votes needed to confirm Earl Butz as agriculture secretary. USDA market experts warned that the open market buy was an economically unsound way to ap proach the problem of raising com prices. The government also was get ting heat from feed users. But the White House had no choice. Several Senate farm Republicans put it on the line: no corn purchase program, no vote for Butz. What effect will the open market buy have on feed prices? It depends on how far the government wants to go m carrying out its commitment. Since the motivation was essentially political, USDA could start with the hope that the announcement would have a positive psychological effect on corn prices, occasionally make a few token purchases, and let it go at that. However, most market experts here believe that if USDA is to have any appreciable impact on corn prices by using this approach, it will have to go on a real corn buying spree, see INDUSTRY/JANUARY, IT72 DSW 333981 I STLCOPCB4080558 EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 The Poultry Profit Protector.. BIOVAC-HVT safely guards your flocks against Marekk disease. Fully licensed and Federally approved for production and distribution, BIOVAC-HVT is a live turkey herpesvirus (iso lated by USDA researchers) for the inoculation of day old chicks as a protective measure against the develop ment and spread of Marek's disease. Both laboratory and field trials prove BIOVAC-HVT substantially reduces the incidence of permanent lesions normally found in Marek's disease infected flocks. BIOVAC-HVT meets the rigid standards established by the USDA for the production of a Marek's disease vaccine. <wn on chicken embryo cells, every step of its produc ing and shipment in liquid nitrogen is care fully controlled in accordance with these standards. All 'WC-HVT sold has undergone a full six week period exhaustive tests to insure purity, safety and potency. hjj^tiMifections for handling, thawing, vaccine/diluimtfrig and vaccination procedures accompany all ptnpBfs of BIOVAC-HVT. To order your BIOVAC-HVT, rHjf'o'r call: Agri-Bio Corp., Box 280, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, |i(60$272:599O. $WCS'U-HVT is a product of Agri-Bio Corp. Available in S00 and 1000 dose ampules. GRI'BIO ^v^tdlly owned subsidiary of Babcock Industries, Inc. Hhyda. New York 14850, U.S.A. .i DSW 333982 -r STLCOPCB4080559 NEWS ANALYSIS Contract production threatened THE CONCEPT of contract pro duction in agriculture is threat ened by a Justice Department "ad visory" opinion which possibly could force many large integrated firms and co-ops to withdraw from participation in marketing coop eratives such as United Egg Pro ducers (and its six regional co ops) and National Broiler Market ing Ass'n. The issue surfaced when Holly DSW 333983 Farms Industries, a broiler com pany, sought Justice's opinion be fore joining NBMA. Justice told Holly it failed to qualify as a "farmer" (producer) under pro visions of the Capper-Volstead Act. This 1922 act was designed to give farmers some degree of control over their markets by reason of the abnormal risks involved in handling biological products, such as drought, disease, etc. An exempt co-op is allowed to lessen competition among its mem bers and even agree on prices-- something that ordinary business men would be jailed for as anti trust violation. Ralston Purina Co., as a result of the ruling, dropped membership in National Egg Co., and, conse quently, UEP, and in NBMA. The co-ops swiftly filed an informal brief directly with Attorney Gen eral Mitchell, seeking a review of the advisory. The best the appli cants can hope for, Washington observers say, is for Justice to review the advisory, meanwhile agreeing not to prosecute mem bers of existing C-V co-ops whom it considers to be nonqualified members. The key seems to be whether the large firms, such as Purina, Swift and Armour, hear the risk of products handled under the contract system. The original C-V intention, apparently, was to allew such firms to participate if they produced more product on their own farms with direct employees than on contract farms. Few do. But until now, it was understood that this meant that company-owned birds in contract growers' facilities qualified. Now Justice says they don't. It appears a private civil action probably will be needed to clari fy the issue. Hope is dim for a favorable Justice ruling in light of sensitivity of the administrationto charges against it--and new Ag ricultural Secretary Earl Butz, in particular -- that it favors "big business" farm corporations. One high UEP officer said: "If carried to the letter, the advisory would put UEP out of business." EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, IT72 STLCOPCB4080560 i ! ChoreTime introduces awhole new concept in cage feeding* Programmed feeding for birds in cages is here, now. The Chore Time cage feeder makes it possible to deliver an ample supply of fresh, unpicked-over feed to every cage, on a programmed basis. We recommend 2 or 3 full feed ings a day on this program. This al lows the birds to clean up the feed trough. Experience has shown that birds' appetites are improved when they're allowed to clean up feed at least once a day. They convert feed more efficiently --thereby produc ing more eggs per pound of feed. Programmed feeding has been so successful that it is the only sys tem we presently recommend. It may be just the edge you need in today's competitive market. To find out for yourself the advantages of programmed feed ing and how easy it is to adapt a Chore-Time cage feeder to your present cages, write us --or call collect. Chore-Time Equipment, Inc., Milford, Indiana 46542; Athens, Georgia, 30604; Malde- gem, Belgium. Made to work. Built to last. DSW 333984 STLCOPCB4080561 ;ijfc r *r s * ^4^;^'r 'Lr"' :~^i / *%, *> > NEWS ANALYSIS Faulkner's exit may usher in `Phase Two' era for UEP UNITED EGG PRODUCERS, beset by regional jealousies and disun ity, has ridden out crisis after crisis in its three-year history. It has just faced its gravest. Yet, it probably will survive--maybe in a somewhat different form--and could become even more effective in the future. Jerry F. Faulkner, who contin ues until January 15 as general manager after his resignation, De cember 17, leaves an indelible im print on poultry organization his tory. His volatile, free-swinging style, which daily affected the in comes of thousands of producers, distributors and customers, built the first truly national cooperative producer "voice" in history and guided it through its first, forma tive years. The situation leading to the change in management actually reflects much more than a de parture from Faulkner's personal mode of operation. It culminated from a series of events which shook the industry, combining to create perhaps the worst crisis the industry has yet faced: overpro duction, which always follows a period of high prices; the PCB and cholesterol scares, and, finally, the critical 3% or more unantici pated increase in egg production due solely to a new invention--a vaccine to control Marek's disease. In that sense, Faulkner and UEP were a victim of tragic circum stances. Overproduction and con sumer disinterest led to a financial crisis within UEP. Not only did membership dues fall, but the need by UEP for more and more capital grew, in an attempt to put a finger in the dike to bolster paying prices to harassed produc ers. UEP played an activist role. It entered the futures market and bought contracts because its direc tors believed that only by influ encing the futures market could it make the "spot"--or cash--mar ket behave according to true laws of supply and demand, instead of moving at the whim of specula tors. There was another way. Let the futures market find its own level; then move in and buy the eggs on the open market and divert them from consumer channels, thereby bolstering paying prices. UEP played both roles, up to the limit allowed by its financial resources and by the exchange au thority trading limits of 150 cars per month. It simply ran out of money. Over a two-month period, UEP had to take an estimated 300 cars, losing about $1,000 per car. Some say UEP spent as much as $600,000 in two months--Septem ber and October--trying to stabi lize the market. Faulkner made the daily deci sions, any one of which usually offended one segment of UEP or another: the retailer, middleman, West Coast, Southeast or Midwest, etc. An impossible job, really, given the scope of total industry pres sures. In any event, Faulker, pressed by the five-man executive committee, said the situation could not continue as currently run and offered his resignation. "We accepted with regret," ex plained Fred Adams, UEP presi dent, "because, as you know, my analysis is that Jerry has done a tremendous job over the past five or six years with National Egg Co. and UEP. But we feel we had reached a plateau. In order to go from here, we realized we must-- to a degree--sacrifice the past and present and start over." Dr. Gene Masters, UEP econo mist and statistician, was named as temporary general manager to take over when Faulkner's resig nation becomes effective. Faulkner's exit from UEP may set the scene for a change in style for the organization, which is the national headquarters for six re gional egg cooperatives. It might be looked upon as a transition from Phase One--which saw the birth of the egg coopera tive movement from regional to national during a stormy, violent building period--to Phase Two, which could mark a more orderly, Continued on page 18 PHILLlP ALAMPI jokes with Herbert Gabriel during the industry dinner in New York City November 30 honoring Alampi, New Jersey secretary of agriculture and chairman of the National Egg Price Systems Study Committee. Gabriel, head egg buyer for A&P, was honored similarly two years previously. Over 700 attended the $100-a-plate affair. Pro ceeds went to an egg industry fund and to Beth Hillel school in Israel. The honor cited Alampi's contributions to the egg industry. For reprint of the speech delivered after the dinner by a specialist defending eggs contribution to the diet, see page 28. EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, ml DSW 333985 15 STLCOPCB4080562 STLCOPCB4080563 NEWS ANALYSIS Continued UEP change ... business-like era with some decen tralization of power back to the grass roots--the regional coopera tives. Faulkner was the architect of Phase One, guiding the co-op movement through a stormy pe riod, going from crisis to crisis with little chance to chart the course and define long-range ob jectives. Perhaps few could have performed the job better than Faulkner. Certainly, few could have withstood the heat generated by critics. One with less poise and a thinner skin might have "blown his cool" many times. Whether Dr. Masters is the "man of the hour" or whether UEP will turn elsewhere for man agement leadership in this new phase is yet undetermined. In deed, Masters may not want to continue in the job for the same personal reasons Faulkner had up permost in his mind about quitting --time for the family. Nonetheless, Phase Two leader ship demands indicate a somewhat lower key, decentralized approach and change in style of operation. Masters is recognized as the type of manager who may precisely fit the bill in transition--and, per haps, surprisingly, thereafter. Dr. Masters was recruited by UEP in April, 1970, from the Uni versity of Georgia where he was an employee of USDA's Economic Research Service and a full-time faculty researcher. He had worked on the ERS national study on egg pricing and did his doctorate thesis on the same subject. Born on an Arkansas farm, he earned a B.S. degree in agricul ture at the University of Arkansas and later did graduate study in marketing and business at Geor gia State University, Atlanta. His Ph.D. degree in marketing and business administration was re ceived in 1971. From 1959 to 1962, Masters was production manager of Smith's Pride, Trussville, Ala., an integrat ed poultry operation. Later he was USDA supervisor of federal grading of poultry, eggs and egg products, at different times, for the states of Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. The Masters family lives on a farm in Oconee County, near Ath ens, Ga. His wife is a graduate student at the University of Geor gia in library science and a son is an undergraduate in political sci ence. A daughter is an art major at Valdosta (Ga.) State College while one son and one daughter are attending Oconee County schools. If UEP de-emphasizes its role of actively trading in futures and cash markets, directors will un doubtedly seek to transfer this function to its six regional co-op members. This would call for an even higher degree of skillful busi ness administration in UEP in co ordinating long-range objectives-- the kind of training Dr. Masters has had. It was he who made UEP's shortrange and long-range projections on price, supply and cost factors. When UEP challenged USDA fore casts, it was Masters who devel oped the data. Stability may be the keynote word for the "new" UEP. If Man ager Masters has his way, friends say, the board of directors will hammer out a set of objectives that span an entire cycle of egg prices for at least three years, perhaps five, then stick to them, except for emergency situations. Even then, with Masters' type of planning, standby measures would be available for board and mem bership consideration. If UEP can hold its small staff together -- which seems likely at this writing--its first objective will be to continue to push for passage of the Fowl Adjustment Act now before Congress. If it proves un popular, Dr. Masters is the type, associates say, who will concen trate next on what he thinks is much more fundamental in the long run--a checkoff program for research and promotion. Many within UEP, and without, feel that egg prices generally will not return to profitable levels for most until summer. The "one shot" appeal of a fowl removal Continued on page 20 ------------------------------------------ PRICE FORECAST No quick recovery is in the cards DECEMBER PRICES averaged several cents below the previous year and below the four-year average for the month. We closely predicted the low December prices which resulted from the continuing surplus position of the industry. The present egg surplus problem is pri marily the result of improved rate of lay due to Marek's vaccination. Chick placements in November and December were not down as much as many observers expected in light of extremely low prices of recent months. Placements were reduced only 8.7% in November. Reductions do not appear to be sufficient to compensate for improved laying performance of Marek's vaccinated birds. If the price slump is to be overcome, slaughter will have to be sharply increased this winter. Prices are expected to average below cost of produc tion for most of 1972, We're not out of the woods yeti Price expectations below are for New York Large Grade A (cents per dozen): Month January February First half of '72 4-Yr. Av. 45.6 40.8 37.4 Expected 72 Av, 36-39 34-37 33-36 18 EGG INDUSTRY /JANUARY, 1972 DSW 333987 \ i( } STLCOPCB4080564 DIAMOND SYSTEMS NEW BLOOD DETECTOR! This is all it takes to improve your pack and plug a costly, hidden profit leak? Diamond Systems com pact new 12-wide blood detector. (We have a 6-wide model, too.) It fits above the spool conveyor just before your candler. Takes no extra space. Spots bloods (and only bloods). Removes them gently. Doesn't over inspect -- (in manual candling of average eggs, about 50% of the eggs your candler pulls are clears -- not bloods. She rejects about twice as many eggs as she should) -- a costly hidden expense. Your candler can con centrate on final in spection. You get a consistently better pack, a better market ing position, and a rep utation for quality. We've simplified every thing. One detector, powered by a single set of electronic cir cuits, scans all eggs. And it's located above the passing eggs where broken eggs can't foul things up. The solid state printed circuitry is in small boxes which pull-out/plug-in for quick and easy service. It's so simple your operator can do it. There are no transfer points going in or out of the detector to cause checking. Eggs are not handled unless they are to be rejected. The detector can be installed easily on your PA-70, PA-38 or new PA-40 without dis turbing plant layout. Buy it. Or, lease it. For details, call or write: I DIAMOND SYSTEMS DIAMOND AUTOMATION, INC. A audaidiary of Diamond Intamacional Corporation 33400 Haggarey Road, Farmington, Michigan 43034 Phona 313-476-7100 See the new Diamond Systems Btood Detector in operation at Booth # 300, Southeastern Poultry & Egg Assn. Exhibit, Atlanta, Jan. 22-26. EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY. 1972 DSW 333988 STLCOPCB4080565 NEWS ANALYSIS Continued UEP change ... program could bring price recov ery almost overnight. However, neither Masters nor UEP direc tors ever were under the illusion that it could be more than a "one shot" approach. They recognize the impermanence of such a pro gram, but say it would at least exhibit industry's ability, in the face of consumerism and other pressures, of being able to "get something done." Under Faulkner's forceful di rection, UEP drafted and intro duced the fowl removal proposal in less than 30 days, a process that normally would have taken six months of deliberation by any other trade group. It didn't pro vide for a referendum because the nature of the emergency was con sidered critical enough to give it unorthodox attention. Faulkner told Egg Industry, in announcing his resignation, that he never envisioned this piece of legislation as more than a one time attempt to clean up entirely unanticipated surpluses--the kind of action, he said, any business manager might have taken, in his own business, when beset sudden ly with problems such as PCB's, 3% higher production from MD vaccine and a cholesterol scare that decreased retail demand. Supporters and foes alike rec ognize that, even if the bill passes in quick time (by March or April), it may never be used. The indus try, feeling 'the drastic pinch of ecoqoniics, is beginning to make its own adjustments, and prices could bg^above cost of production before a' three-month below-cost period could occur. Since the "up" cycle usually lasts up to three years, the bill would expire, un used, in two years. Supporters say the precedent would be valuable, however, if 20 such a bill were needed again. UEP is learning from experience, too. Part of that lesson is that more can be achieved if the entire in dustry shares the program rather than if UEP takes the bit and tries to run with it alone. UEP has scored somewhat of a victory in the number of state poultry organizations which have endorsed the fowl adjustment plan. In mid-December these include at least one (and sometimes two or three) poultry organizations in 19, including most key states. Even Farm Bureau gave quali fied endorsement. But FB wants the plan to include provisions lim iting the growing of replacement pullets and the definition of a "producer" to be changed to in clude contract egg producers. Masters, at least for the pres ent, is charged with the task of welding together the shaky UEP structure in order to follow through on the fowl adjustment legislation and continue to direct energies toward the checkoff. PEIA directors last month ap proved a motion to support a checkoff. UEP's financial crisis, although serious due to heavy futures losses, appears to be under con trol. Regional co-ops have come up with financial aid to keep UEP solvent until enough regular in come is received to erase the debts. UEP's Phase Two appears to be under way as 1972 begins, and the organization and egg producers ev erywhere look hopefully ahead to a year that has to be better than the last one. 'YOU CANT RIDE THE FENCE' Regionalism biggest problem faced by UEP: Faulkner SINCE RESIGNING as general manager of United Egg Produc ers, Jerry F. Faulkner has been spending more time with his fam ily at their home near Stone Moun tain, Ga., harboring no apparent bitterness toward individuals in the organization he helped form and led for three years. Regionalism, he says, is the sin gle biggest problem he faced while leading UEP. In facing one seri ous decision after another in dayto-day management of a pioneer ing co-op organization, he points out that a manager can't "ride the top of the fence." "You've got to take a position on one side or the other. Once you take it, the decision is not go ing to be universally accepted." The deep split in UEP's ranks over participation in futures trad ing--that left UEP virtually broke after heavy September losses-- triggered the crisis that produced JERRY FAULKNER his resignation from his job that paid $45,000 a year, plus fringes. Faced with the same circum stances, he would make the same decision again, he says. "I never worried about it because we were geared to lose money from dayone." The magnitude of the losses were unexpected, however. It was his own decision for UEP Continued on page 24 EGG INDUSTRY /JANUARY. U72 DSW 333989 STLCOPCB4080566 An unfavorable price isn't bad luck* It's bad business If you have to buy or sell the raw materials of your business when the market is going against you, it can cut deeply into your profits. Perhaps you've thought that this was an unavoidable risk of doing business. It may not be. There's a centuries-old business practice called hedging which is being applied with great success to a number of new commodities. Hedging helps you avoid paying too much or selling for too little. On the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, you can now hedge cattle, hogs, pork bellies, boneless beef, eggs, potatoes, lumber, hams, turkeys and milo. It's a lot more business like than trusting to luck. Ask the commodity man at your broker's to explain hedging to you. Or write to us for more information. a CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE % 110 North Franklin Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606 DSW 333990 EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, H72 21 STLCOPCB4080567 1 STLCOPCB4080568 ... FAST, EFFICIENT CAGE HOUSE CLEANING-IN NEW OR EXISTING HOUSES LEY Cross-Auger Conveyor -- available in four heavy-duty drive options. Drives for front or rear location, electric or P.T.O. power. LEY Twin Blade Pit Scraper -- scrapes two rows of cage pits at one time. Scraper is adjustable for various pit di mensions; attachment kits to fit most small tractors. LEY Flat Deck Tractor -- ideal for pit scraping, egg gathering, feeding andother general chores. 12 H.P., gasoline powered. .yf, LEY Tractor-Feeder with removable feed bin. Power auger for feeding caged layers -- single, double or triple decks. 1 ' a* DlE 111 If7 EQUIPMENT CO. VAN WERT, OHIO NEWS ANALYSIS Continued Faulkner... to participate directly in futures in order to influence price so as to benefit producers, Faulkner ad mits. The alternative would have been to have large firms in UEP's membership handle the paper with UEP picking up the brunt of the losses. He felt the latter way was to be avoided because it might ap pear to be a conspiracy between these members and the co-op. Pressure from the Southeast and West Coast led to the brawl over futures and, consequently, to the acceptance of his resignation by the executive committee. But he traces the beginnings to the battle over an improved price discovery system. Some individuals in the Southeast blamed him for the breakdown in communications be tween Frank Urner and Egg Clear inghouse, Inc., on the eve of its scheduled opening last June. At times, he notes, he would make a decision popular with West Coast producers and suddenly SWEP (Southwestern Egg Produc ers) became his ally and NEC (Na tional Egg Co.) might be very crit ical. Then another decision would irritate the Westerners and SWEP would "get down on me." He stresses that such assess ments should not be interpreted as "sour grapes" because "I tried to call it as I saw it." While he expects to remain in industry in some role, perhaps in marketing, he maintains that some solution to the violent price swings must be found. "The industry must be operated as a business, instead of a farm enterprise" . . . with "some kind of production regulation. I don't believe the industry can regulate itself at this point; there may be a time in the future when it can." He thinks "something has to be done about farming, in general, and egg production, in particular." Many of UEP's troubles can be traced to the price slump, Faulkner thinks. "When you have member ship that has been losing money for 22 months, they become total ly numb and lose their clear think ing. One wants to do one thing, one another. If we hadn't had three years behind us, it would have shaken us out of business six months ago." He fears that "many producers are on the brink (of going broke) and the next six months could be the feather that breaks the camel's back." He doesn't expect substan tial price recovery before June or July and thinks the "washout is starting now." Faulkner, who is geared to ac tion, thinks UEP has been mov ing away from the activity that made it what it is: directly trying to influence producer paying price. He thinks it is in danger of becom ing "just another trade associa tion involved, primarily, in legis lative matters." The tendency has been to get away "from the real guts of what UEP was organized for: to get in the marketplace with both feet and try to do something the pro ducer can feel results from." He points out that this is why a promotional agency like PENB (Poultry and Egg National Board) has never received the support it needs. "You can't measure results from promotion easily. But you can remove four loads of eggs in the market and move price of eggs up a penny. And you can see those results in your paycheck." Faulkner, still a young man at 38, must be recognized as the driv ing force in the movement that founded United Egg Producers, the first national commodity co operative. Born on a small farm in north ern Georgia, he worked on the University of Georgia poultry farm while earning a degree in 1955, majoring in poultry husbandry. Continued on page 26 EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY. 1972 DSW 333992 f i STLCOPCB4080569 New Welp-Line 971... efficiency expert! Profitable egg production today demands effi ciency. Obvious solution? The most eggs, on the least amount of feed, with the best use of facil ities! Obvious bird choice? The NEW WELP-LINE 971 LAYER!!! Welp has long been the leader in the move to smaller bodied layers. The new 971 Layer is the newest result of this specialized breeding and research effort. She's the perfect bird for high density housing ... be it in cages or on the floor. Here's her blue book: Rate of Lay......................... 270 - 285 eggs Mature Body Weight ......... 3.9-4.1 pounds Pounds Feeo/Pound Eggs ................... 2.62 Henhoused Livability ............... 90% - 92% Average Egg Weight ............ 25.5 oz./doz. Make your move to profitable egg production. Fill your laying houses with new Welp-Line 971's. For Brown eggs try the Welp-Line 650; Write or call Dick Shoenhair at Weip's today for all the details. EGGS are our BUSINESS AQUAMAGIC means Egg Handling Equipment eCedi$*tend and Musutufacttitt&id. efface*# fat, epp CLEANERS CANDLERS COUNTERS GRADERS PACKERS LOADERS TWIN SYSTEMS (up to 40 cases per hr.) TURKEY EGG WASHERS --------- The Line that is sold, backed and serviced by this nationwide group of distributors NATIONAL POULTRY EQUIPMENT CO. 615 WELLS AVENUE, NORTH RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055 EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 GET FULL DETAILS - WRITE or CALL YOUR NEAREST DISTRIBUTOR Hannah Supply Co., BO* 667, Albertville, Alabama 39950 Ph. (205) 979-2921 South Arkansas Equipment, Inc., Highway 27 South Nashville. Ark. 71852. (SOU 645-3522 Beach Equip., Co., 2029 Greenfield Dr., El Cajon, Cilit. 92021, (714) 442*9909 Raj (aster (quip. Co, 19999 Ceres St., Fontana, Calit. 2335. (714) 922*5056 Allen's Automated Systems, 330 Industrial Am.. Ripen, Calit, 95399, (309) 599*4276 Poultry Health Service, P.0. Be* 2949, Jacksonville, Fla. 32203, (904) 354-9031 Poultry Health Service, E. Hunter St., Douglas 6a. 31553, (912) 394-1990 5 Stales A(ri-Systems. Ine., E. Beach St., Corydon, Ind. 47112, (B12) 739-2231 Midstates Poultry Supply, Bo* 449, Fowler, Ind. 47944, (317) 742*4951 H. R. Hinson co., R.R. 1, Riverside Dr., Augusta, Me. 04330, (207) 622 *0651 5 States A|Ti*Syttems, Inc., 27 H. Church St., 2eetand, Mich. 49464, (616) 772*2111 Ounell, Inc., 332 E. Rase $t., Owatonna, Minn. 53060, (501) 451-4999 fluality Hatchery, 1414 Highway 10 East, Billings, Mantana 95101, (406) 245-5116 GAM Sales, Inc., P.0. Bex 1716, Geldsbaro, North Caro lina 27530, (919) 734-1062 6 t M Sales, Ine., Industrial Park, Bo* 409, Statesville, H. Carolina 29677, (704) 973-3669 0 9 B Distributors, Inc.. 4B15 South Street, P.0. Bos 654, Nacogdoches, Tens 75961, (715) 594-4675 PAM Sales Co., ll E. Kensington Ave., Salt Lake City. Utah 94115. (901) 494*9491 Kennedy Supply Cft., 6ei 9, Hew Market, Va. 22944, (703) 422-3141 Allen's Automated Systems, 2719 East Fifth Street, Van couver, Wash. 99961, (209) 693-9451 Sraokside Srstemation. Inc.. 513 Tyrancna Rd., Lake Mills, Wis. 53551, (414) 649-2941 DSW 333993 25 STLCOPCB4080570 Shell-Aid improves egg shell strength and quality. "Shell-Aid" can help you produce brighter, better looking eggs, or even more important, it can help you reduce undergrades. . . . we've got the facts to prove it. "Shell-Aid" has been field tested by leading egg producers who report up to 3% more eggs gathered from older flocks--which means more marketable eggs for you. One extra egg will pay for a 5-month feeding pro gram. If you are having shell prob lems, "Shell-Aid" can help you. Call or write for more information. a produet of KEY MILLING COMPANY, INC. clay center, kansas 67432 phone (913) 632-2141 For Better Litter and Manure Management Use UTTER-AID -- The New Enzyme Treatment! DUAL BEAK CUTTER Lyon Model TT Debeaker Cuts Both Beaks--with an Inside Slant--in One Operation. Note that bird's head is turned sideways and beaks inserted into holes provided above beak support. Both beaks are cut and cauterized simultaneously. Price: $64.40 de livered in U.S.A. Send for Free Circular on the TT Debeaker. Versatile Model Super Debeaker also available. Price $44.30 Delivered. Write for FREE CATALOG of electric poultry equipment. LYON RURAL ELECTRIC CO. Dept. EM, P. O. Bo* 30 SAN DIEGO. CALIF. 92M2 Protect Egg Quality! STANDARD HUMIDIFIERS Maintain True Egg Weight Keep Yolks Full, Light Automatic 24-Hdut Protection Low Cost, Easy to Install. Write tor Full Details. Stto room size. STANDARD ENGINEERING WORKS . 291 Roosevelt five., Pawtuckel. R. 1. 02860 Hough Meter measures interior egg quality directly and eliminates chart and error. $92.50 Mattox & Moore, Inc. ISOS E. Riverside Drive (ndianapolie, Indiana 4S202 SOLID STATE - ELECTRONIC LIGHT DIMMERS Lower electric bills. Longer bulb life One unit handles an entire house. Send for free literature. LUMITRON, INC. 11830 SPINNING AVE.,INGLEWOOD, <; ; || Poultry Leaders Are DIGEST Readers || <; ! America's most unique poultry magazine does your reading for I; I; you! A few minutes a day with Poultry Digest makes and keeps 11 i; you one of the world's best informed on poultry topics. Sample jj | copy on request. Subscription price, $3 a year in U. S.; other coun- !| 11 tries, $5. ; i: POULTRY DIGEST, Sea Isle City, New Jersey 08243 26 NEWS ANALYSIS Continued Faulkner... After graduation, he began work with a small hatchery, then be came serviceman for a small At lanta feed mill. From heading the research de partment for Pillsbury's Gaines ville, Ga., operation, he took over as egg projects manager for a million - bird contract operation. When Pillsbury decided to get to tally out of egg production during the 1959 price "bust," Faulkner entered the started pullet business. When Georgia producers ap proved a checkoff in a statewide referendum in 1962 he was named executive secretary of the ruling body created, the Georgia Egg Commission. In 1966, he helped organize Na tional Egg Co. in seven Southeast ern states. Aware of SWEP's ac tivities, he felt the pool system would not work. The name was selected because original founders hoped to organize producers na tionwide. NEC grew to represent 14 states and talks with producers in the Northeast led to meetings with SWEP representatives. UEP final ly emerged. Faulkner looks back on the ex tremely demanding aspects of the job that took him away from his family much of the time. Though he had hoped eventually the job pressures would let up some, he finally realized that "I could not go on that way without continuing to make personal sacrifices." He admits that "the fault is probably mine. I was willing to put my job, my prestige and my work ahead of all else. "Suddenly I realized it. I looked at my daughter the other day, who will soon be 13, and I said to-my self, `My god, where have I been while she grew up?' " EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, IT72 DSW 333994 } T STLCOPCB4080571 Here's how to get up to 1000 eggs per cage instead of only 750... ... on the same amount of feed! Yes!---it CAN be done with NEW feed saving Colonial True-Lines "Mini" layers! Four 3 lb. "Mini" layers will fit easily in to a 12 inch cage built for three 4 lb. "nor mal" layers. This totals 12 pounds live weight in each cage--but the "Mini" cage has ONE EXTRA EGG MA CHINE! Result--you can get up to 1,000 eggs per cage with the four Colonial True-Line "Mini" layers com pared to only 750 per cage (250 eggs per hen per year) from the three normal 4 lb. layers, up to 250 MORE EGGS PER CAGE on the same amount of feed with no increase in labor except to gather eggs, no increase in electricity, and no increase in building costs! The Colonial True-Lines "Mini" represents the FIRST major advance in poultry breeding since the advent of the hybrids. Since she is NEW, we realize you may have questions concerning this new bird developed through Coloniaf Research. The following are some of the questions we have had to date--and the answers. If you have other questions, we'll be only too happy to answer. Just write us. Q. Is the Colonial True-Lines "Mini" actually different? If so, what breeding techniques have made her different? A. Yes, Colonial True-Lines "Mini" white egg layer IS new and different. She represents an entirely new concept in layers. She is small--yet not too small for high sustained produc tion and adequate egg size. The Colonial breeding program as directed by geneticist Dr. Fred Shultz, has for many years been aimed at the development of the smallest layer possible consistent with present day market demands and needs. Our breeding program has several unique features not found in other breeding programs. For instance, we weigh all eggs from the trapnested pullets in our several pure lines. This gives us an exact measure of the rate at which egg size increases and the precise time the egg reaches maximum size. Such information is not possible with conventional periodic weighings which most breeders use. Further, we make extra weighings to obtain accurate measures of body weights. These are just two of the key measures designed to produce layers with maximum profit potential. The "Mini" is the result of millions of such measurements by our research staff. Q. Has there been field testing of the "Mini"? What are the results? A. The Colonial True-Lines "Mini" has been tested by a num ber of State Universities. In addition, our own tests and field tests involving several thousand "Mini" layers show TbueIInes Free 'MINI" NEWS & VIEWS showing facts and figures on why it will pay you to have the ALL-NEW Colonial True Lines "Mini" FIRST major poultry breakthrough since the advent of hybrids. MAIL COUPON NOW! some distinct advantages for the "Mini." In one test, com paring the Colonial True-Line "Mini" with small-type and dwarf or midget layers from other breeders gave the fol lowing results in favor of the Colonial "Mini" . . . ... 11% to 56% more eggs per hen housed ... up to 29% less feed . ... 12% to 22% more large and extra targe eggs ; ... 8% better egg quality as judged by Haugh unit scores. Q. What is the market value per pound of laid out Colonial "Mini" fowl? A. The same price per pound as normal size hybrid layers. We have discussed this with some of the nation's largest buyers of fowl and they tell us they will accept the Colonial TrueLines "Mini" fowl at the going pricefor hybrid or Leghorn fowl. Q. Some of the new model dwarf layers being developed are said to be very slow maturing--late in starting to lay. How does the Colonial True-Line "Mini" compare in this trait? A. The Colonial True-Line "Mini" matures extra early. Starts laying up to 30 days earlier than some of the better normal size stocks. Q. Egg size is often a problem in small size layers. What about the egg size of the Colonial True-Lines "Mini"? A. The Colonial "Mini" eggs will average about 70 per cent large and extra large for the full laying year, depending on environment, feeding and other factors. Shell quality is bet ter than average, holding up particularly well in the late months of lay. Q. What about the livability of the Colonial True-Lines "Mini"? A. Even before the development of Marek's vaccine, the Co lonial True-Lines "Mini" was showing much better than average livability in areas of heavy exposure. The Colonial "Mini" is a sturdy, healthy little bird. We feel that she will live as well or better than any commercial layer on the market today. Q. What do you consider to be the "Mini's" most outstanding traits? A. Her smaller body size which permits up to 25% more birds in a housing unit, and her superior feed efficiency with proven savings of up to 29%. Q. Where can I order these new Colonial True-Line "Min!" white egg layers? A. From any one of Colonial's hatcheries and service centers listed in the coupon below or from authorized Colonial True-Lines franchise hatcheries and distributors throughout the U.S. and world-wide. Write for name of authorized franchise distributor nearest you. Modern air line shipping puts us within hours of almost any place on earth! COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS Write Dept. 2112 at nearest address: Pleasant Hill, Missouri Faribault, Minnesota Lexington, Nebraska Effingham, Illinois Please send me "Mini" NEWS & VIEWS t am particularly interested in: Parent stock Ready-to-Lay Pullets Commercial Pullet chicks Name:__________________________________________ ------------------------(ptease print) Address____________________ City: State______________________________________ Zip -i l l l I I l l l l l l l _l ...... 'V' DSW 333995 SSStoSi STLCOPCB4080572 VIEWS OF A DIET-NUTRITION PHYSICIAN Specialist defends eggs, fingers sugar, . carbohydrates in atherosclerosis increase Dr. Robert C. Atkins, New York City, a specialist in diet, nutrition, internal medicine and problems related to heart disease, was the featured speaker at the egg in dustry dinner honoring Phillip Alampi, New Jersey Sec retary of Agriculture. His speech, "Eggs and Cholesterol: Is America Overreacting?" is printed here. Dr. Atkins is the author of numerous magazine articles on the sub ject and a book he wrote on the topic will be circulated soon. SOMEONE ASKED ME before my talk, "What do you think of eggs?" I answered, "What else are you going to eat for breakfast?" This is the way I was brought up. But things have changed a bit. As an example of how they have changed, I was recently going over laboratory reports with a patient. I mentioned that his cholesterol level was a little elevated. 28 DSW 333996 "Does that mean 1 have to stop eating eggs?" he asked. It wouldn't have bothered me much, but it was one of the men right in this room. A member of the egg industry thought that because his choles terol level was high, he should stop eating eggs. If those in the egg industry feel this way, would you expect the lay community to react any different ly? How it all came about I don't know. But I place much of the blame on my friends, my buddies, the doctors, the medical establishment and the American Heart Ass'n. AHA is on record for promoting a diet low in saturated fats, low in cholesterol, low in eggs, and high in anything that is left. Well, some of the things left include sugar and other carbohydrates. They propose a preventative dietary program to prevent heart disease as though they have proved their case and its effectiveness beyond doubt. It has been 60 years since researchers were able to show that there was a relation between the level of cholesterol in the blood and this condition they had just discovered: atherosclerosis. In 60 years since, we have seen no evidence that cholesterol in the blood, that is lowered by diet, in any way modifies or changes the nature of heart dis ease. Yet nearly everyone--including my egg indus try patient--is perfectly willing to accept the recom mendations of the medical profession without ques tion. And the doctors use the same logic we would expect of a lay person. Dr. Yudkin, one of the great nutritionists of the 20th century, describes this as "Reader's Digest logic." It goes like this: There is cholesterol in the aorta and cholesterol in eggs. So, if you eat eggs, it raises your cholesterol level. ' It seems perfectly logical. But much more is known about the metabolism of blood and about cho lesterol than that. ESS INDUSTRY /JANUARY, ITO i STLCOPCB4080573 "We could cut out all cholesterol in our diet and our bodies would begin to manufacture more . . . (with) little change in the cholesterol level in the blood." v First, most cholesterol circulating in the blood is not eaten but is manufactured. About 25% of the cholesterol in our blood comes from our diet and 75% is manufactured. We could cut out all choles terol in our diet and our bodies would begin to man ufacture more. There would be very little change in the cholesterol level in blood. The calculations go something like this. For ev ery 100 milligrams (mgs.) of cholesterol removed from the diet, the cholesterol blood count drops about three points. If your cholesterol level is in the 200 range--considered normal--you could lower it by about three points for every 100 mgs. of cholesterol you remove from your diet. One egg contains about 250 mgs. of cholesterol. Americans average eating about one egg per day, based on figures of total eggs sold, divided by the population. Unfortunately, this consumption level has been falling. So, based on 1965 figures, we got approximately 275 mgs. daily from eggs. Our total cholesterol in take daily was about 520 mgs., slightly more than half accounted for by eggs. If we were to outlaw eating of eggs--wipe them out of our world--our average cholesterol level drop would be about eight points--an insignificant fall of 3 to 4%, not enough to change anything. The mechanism for this is really very simple It is the basic principle of physiology of anything in the body. If we add sugar to the diet, the body manu factures more insulin to lower the sugar level. If we add fat, the body will try to burn up the fat and keep its level constant. So it is with the mechanism for control of cho lesterol. The more cholesterol you eat, the less you manufacture. You cannot raise the cholesterol level by eating cholesterol. Yet, there is no question that something in our diet is contributing to heart disease. It wasn't until 1911 that the first coronary thrombosis was ever described. It has grown, just in the 20th century, to an illness that seems destined to eventually af flict more than half of us. People ask why they weren't diagnosing coro naries before 1911. It wasn't because pathologists in the medical colleges were not good. They were skilled in dissecting the body and finding out just about any thing that was wrong. But these men did not describe coronaries. As common as coronaries are, we are prone to think of them as something we have always had. But they really are a disease of the 20th century. We have always had trouble with animals in heart experiments. We couldn't even get most ani- EGS INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 mals to develop atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. It wasn't until about a month ago that Dr. Wissler showed that the best way to give monkeys atherosclerosis is to feed them exactly what Ameri cans eat. They had previously tried to do this by feeding cholesterol or saturated fat or most everything else. But when they began to feed them the typical Ameri can table diet of pizza, cereal, ice cream and candy, then the monkeys began to develop the same kind of coronary arteries we have. The increase in heart disease is a very real thing. The World Health Organization has kept figures only ON THE COVER this month is a reproduction of the third promotional advertisement for eggs in the series financed by PENB's 30-60 Cholesterol Club. These ads are appearing in medical and nutritional journals. The cover ad, prepared by Buchen Agency, Chicago, was published by Egg Industry so the industry can see one type of promotion that could be seriously undertaken if PENB were properly financed, or if the proposed mandatory egg checkoff becomes law. Other activi ties that might benefit eggs in the marketplace in clude publicizing talks such as was given by Dr. Robert C. Atkins and is reprinted here, and by industry groups that are doing something about cholesterol charges with a campaign to determine the facts and publicize them. See story about such a group on page 50. in recent years. What we don't know is the prevalence of heart disease in the 19th century, but it was truly very low. We have seen it go up by 20% in the last 15 years. In the same period, incidentally, per capi ta consumption of eggs in this country has gone down by 20%. When the World Health Organization studied other countries, they noticed that Japan was fortunate enough to show a 14% decrease in heart attack deaths during the same period. During the same pe riod, not only was their intake of saturated fats and dairy products increased, but their consumption of eggs went up 300%! So there is no correlation in epidemiological studies between intake of eggs and the change in rate of heart disease. Findings are similar in every study done. In Israel, a Dr. Kohn has been interested in the Yemini tribe. He was amazed that these people nev-; er had three things: diabetes, heart disease or trou ble in the aorta--the three things that in our society 29 DSW 333997 STLCOPCB4080574 "The Eskimos never had heart disease when they lived on a pure Eskimo diet, which was nothing but fat." go hand in glove. They usually occur in the same individual. Yet, he found that when the Yeminites moved to the cities after World War II, 20 years later the in cidence of diabetes and heart disease in them was identical to that of the other city dwellers. In a very careful dietary analysis, he found that the intake of fats and eggs and nearly everything was the same for those living in the city, compared to previously. There was only one significant change. Intake of sugar was unheard of in the tribal Yeminites, but those in the city consumed the same high level of sugar as their neighbors. In every study on incidence of heart disease, it has correlated with sugar intake. or a very refined carbohydrate diet, such as flour or polished rice. Although many tribes, such as the Masai and Somburo, have very low cholesterol levels in their blood, they have a diet very high in cholesterol and fat--but eat no sugar. The Eskimos never had heart disease when they lived on a pure Eskimo diet, which was nothing but fat. The most significant evidence was a very com prehensive study of American eating habits of over a hundred years ago. They found out that in 1840, per capita consumption of sugar was about seven pounds per year. By the turn of the century, with advent of mass distribution of soft drinks, it went up to 60 ppunds. By World War II it was 100 pounds and now is up to 120 pounds of sugar per person. If we consider all the simple sugars that occur in syrup, honey, fruits and milk, it's about 170 pounds a year--contrasted to seven pounds 100 years ago. This then, in the eyes of those who have studied the epidemiology of heart disease, is the reason we have so much heart disease in the 20th century. I'll try to explain exactly what the mechanism of heart disease is. Our forebears were carnivorous, or meat eaters--and I'm talking about the human race before we became civilized. We couldn't even grow grain; all we could do is kill animals, or some times rob their eggs. We found a few berries, which were very low' in caloric value anyhow. It is estimated mankind sur vived on a diet that contained 90% fat and protein and no more than 10% carbohydrates. Then came the agricultural revolution and we began to plant crops and grain. This latter period represents perhaps 1% of mankind's existence. Our bodies, then were able to handle the small amount of unrefined carbohydrates as they occur in na ture, mixed with protein and fat. It wasn't until this dramatic change of the last 100 years that the human body could not adapt to 30 an intake of sugar in the magnitude so different from anything that the human body has ever before been asked to handle. Our bodies handle sugar by producing insulin. Our pancreas is capable of handling perhaps 10, 15 or 20 pounds of refined carbohydrates a year. If it is asked to handle 100, 150 or 200 pounds, something has to give. What gives is that the pancreas begins to act hysterically and can't begin to control the in sulin level. It overreacts and produces too much in sulin. So we get a good deal of low blood sugar be cause of high insulin levels. This is when the pan creas loses its ability to keep up and diabetes occurs. There is some link between the high level of insulin our bodies produce and heart disease. This is getting somewhat technical for a nonmedi cal group. But I think we need to know what we are talking about before we say cholesterol correlates with heart disease. We are all interested in knowing whether we can predict who is going to have a heart attack. We take all sorts of blood determinations and try to find out what correlates with what. We have learned that the blood level of choles terol does show some correlation with heart disease. A little later we discovered that another fat seems to show a correlation. It's triglyceride and is being studied more closely. Triglyceride is the fat you store when you're overweight, and is part of the fat cells. Triglycerides seem to have just as much correlation with heart dis ease as cholesterol. Any study that tries to link the cholesterol level with heart disease, without consid ering the triglyceride level, is incomplete. It is possible to raise the cholesterol level and lower triglycerides and be at a standoff, or vice versa. In order to do any good, you have to lower one with out raising the other. Our studies show that the substance in the blood showing the most correlation with heart disease is the insulin level. The sweets that should most be avoided are those that force us to manufacture the most insulin. Most of us know that insulin will be manufactured when we consume sugar. This, then, is the link between increased inci dence of heart disease in the 20th century and our diet. Much evidence proves the role of insulin in heart disease. One pathologist showed that if you add insulin to the serum in rats, you increase the formation of atherosclerosis in arteries. . Recently I visited Dr. John Goodkin in London, probably the greatest name in the field of under standing heart disease. He showed me photographs EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, 1972 DSW 333998 STLCOPCB4080575 J "If a man can't eat eggs, I feel sorry for him. He can't substitute cereals, which is nothing but an empty source of carbohydrates." he had taken of the aorta of laboratory animals he studied. In animals on a high sugar diet, there was fat all through the aorta. In photographs of other animals which ate the same diet, except with no sugar, there was no sign of fat or atherosclerosis in the aorta. Many other technical points show that intake of eggs is not a link in the causation of heart disease. You may be aware that we now type blood fats as type 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. One is a high triglyceride, one a high cholesterol, one a combination, etc. In our studies, 95% of patients were either normal or type 4. Type 4 is the most predominate disturbance of all, having a high triglyceride. This has been proven beyond a shadow of a doubt to be related to sugar and carbohydrate intake, and not related to intake of dietary fat. No more than 5% of our patients show the dis turbance which is said to be aggravated by increasing fat intake. We are very interested in the cholesterol problem and have treated about 8.000 patients. We put them on a very special diet: restricted in carbo hydrates, yet with no restriction on eggs, meat, fat or saturated fat. Yet, in our patients' population, 63% show lower cholesterol levels compared to before they went on the diet. And 11% show a drop in cholesterol level of 100 points or more; not little drops, but fantastic ones. The cholesterol problem in these cases van ishes, although we tell patients to eat all the eggs they want. And 94% show a drop in the triglyceride level. I recently had a patient who was allergic to eggs; she breaks out in a rash when she consumes eggs. I thought to myself, "This poor soul is going to be deprived of about 50% of items I recommend on the diet." I went over this recommended diet--not only for treatment of obesity, which has been my main interest, but for treatment for prevention of heart disease and for correction of low blood sugar, which has gotten to be one of the commonest reasons why anyone walks into a doctor's office today. . This patient not only can't have her bacon and eggs or a Western omelet in the morning, but she can't enjoy our special dessert--diet cheesecake, made with a lot of eggs. She can't have our special dishes made of egg yolk or mergingue made of egg white. She can't use our recipes for breading or for fish and meatballs where eggs help the product from falling apart. We have diet muffins and diet bread, made from eggs. We recommend chicken, tuna and shrimp salad, which uses mayonnaise, so she can't have that. She can't have any of the things that help make our diet palatable. EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, 1972 Our theories about dieting vary greatly from the standard, which says cut your calories and eat less. We have proved that if you cut out carbohy drates, it's not necessary to eat less. We have one patient who is a caterer and all he eats is chicken, corned beef and three eggs for breakfast. Despite eating 5,000 calories daily, he has already dropped 100 pounds by eliminating carbohy drates. His friend, eating the same food, has lost 95 pounds. This is routine. All we have to do is cut carbo hydrates from the diet and we lose weight. This has been proven time and again. Yet the same medical establishment that denies that eggs are perfectly safe and, in fact, lower cholesterol levels, if anything, says such a diet does not work. You may wonder why 1 seem to be alone in the medical profession in making these recommenda tions, with no restrictions whatsoever on egg or fats consumption. I fail to see how the medical profes sion and those advocating eating fewer eggs can fail to know so little about cholesterol metabolism to see that eggs aren't doing anything harmful to the cho lesterol level. They are vaguely aware that something is wrong with the diet because they are aware about the in creased incidence of heart disease, and they feel they must do somthing. Somehow or other, these men have found themselves in positions of authority and they have to speak. They say the only thing they know--which is "Reader's Digest logic"--that if cholesterol is high, it must be the eggs. Many are not aware of the results of our studies and others like ours because, frankly, we have trou ble publicizing our work. There are people like Dr. Frederick Stare at Harvard--who is a paid consultant to the American Cereal Institute--who happen to con trol many nutrition publications. Whenever I write something that disagrees with their views, it is rejected. I have been forced to use lay publications in or der to get my viewpoint across. So I am writing a book and you may see things I believe in magazine articles. I don't know what role the source of revenue of these people--from the cereal and sugar industries --plays, but it strikes me as a possibility. The reason eggs are important in our diet is easy for me to understand because every day I have to tell people what to eat. If a man can't eat eggs, I feel sorry for him. He can't substitute cereal, which is nothing but an empty source of carbohydrates, which is really bad for the conditions I treat. When Continued on page 60 31 DSW 333999 STLCOPCB4080576 sn lpl Jill Wm $ WINTER-POCK FARMS i------------- *\ JL--------------- -- 7 New house: l,---------------------- v 5 rows of 4-tier 51 __ cages, 300' rows . l 45*000 layers 3301 long, 40* wide A fresh look at high density housing Hudgins likes automated egg collection, manure cleanout, traveling feed hoppers Slatted conveyor 1191 between buildings Cooler 30`x20' WINTERPOCK FARMS Powhatan, Virginia Two high density cage layer houses with controlled environment, in-line processing for eggs from 72,000 layers 30`x20' Oi ; *>_Converted house: ._________ 4 rows of 3~tier cages, 300* rows ^ 27000 layers } 3401 long, 30* wide SKETCH of new in-line system for processing eggs from two layer houses. HIGH DENSITY cage laying houses are receiving more atten tion from American poultrymen, especially in crowded Eastern areas. On Winterpock Farms, Powha tan, Va., less than 30 miles from Richmond, a new 45,000-bird, fully automated laying house is nearing completion. While some houses now being built hold up to 60,000 layers, the impressive thing about this galvanized steel structure is its physical size--only 40 feet wide and 330 feet long, including a work area. This is high density. Installed inside are five rows of four-deck cages. The house is equipped with the English-built Salmet Laying Battery Cage 21-day system, fea turing complete automation in cluding feed, water, ventilation, egg collection and manure remov al. The new house was construct ed alongside an older, converted house, 32x330 feet in size, with four rows of three-deck cages, sim ilarly equipped, housing 27,000 birds. The two houses are being connected by a covered conveyor so that eggs from all 72,000 birds will feed in-line to an egg packing room at the end of the older build ing. Ludson Hudgins, general man ager, explains that the older house formerly held 8,500 layers in a double-deck cage system. It was increased last June to its present capacity by adding 100 feet to the length and converting to the Salmet three-tier system. WINTERPOCK'S LUD HUDGINS Hudgins liked what he saw and decided to erect the new, larger house. Engineers from Harrell Bennett Sales, Inc., Nashville, Tenn., Salmet distributor for the Southeast, supervised installation of the equipment but Winterpock's own crews handled all construction. Hudgins has definite ideas about poultry housing design and con struction. He chose Salmet's 21day cleanout system over the same company's deep-pit Europak sys tem because he thinks the pits of fer potential problems in regard to odor and manure disposal. "Whether you let it accumulate five years or do it now, it's got to be done," he said. "You get rats, flies and odors in a deep pit that you don't have in my houses. I've been in some deep pit houses that didn't smell, but I know there are days when they do smell/' At Winterpock, the manure is cleaned out about every two weeks. Manure drops onto an asbestos DSW 334000 STLCOPCB4080577 board supported by the cage be low. Scrapers push the manure to the far end of the building where it drops into a collection bin and is augered to a truck outside. Even in rainy weather, manure dries on the boards enough (50% moisture) so that it is firm, much like soil, when it is scraped into the bins. Hudgins likes this cage system because it is easily adapted to older buildings. "Our cost per bird in the new house, as far as the building goes, is going to beat anything anyone else could come up with. We figured with another company and know our cost is 50% of what theirs would be if we built it to use their equipment." Five birds are put in the 16x17inch cages, figuring out to 54 square inches per bird--`the same as for four birds in a 12xl8-inch cage or five in a 15xl8-inch cage. Cost of the 45,000-bird house, fully equipped including Eggomatic drum-type auto packer, was about $2.60 per bird. Hudgins likes this system, which places the equipment on a con crete foundation. He feels that systems where equipment is hung from the ceiling are less stable. His building has steel braces in the walls for wind resistance. The new building is equipped with one 72-inch fan, powered by a two-horsepower motor; two 48inch fans, and one 30-inch fan in the center of the building on one side and a 42-inch fan on one end. When the outside temperature is around zero, the 30-inch fan will take care of the entire house. Split baffles on the opposite side may be used to direct air up or down or both simultaneously, as desired. Three inches of fiber glass in sulation is used in the ceiling and windowless walls. An additional 22-inch fan in the attic runs dur ing hot weather. Total ventilation from fans is 270,000 cubic feet per minute (c.f.m.), or 6 c.f.m. per bird. In 100-degree weather last sum mer, it was more comfortable in the older, completed house than EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, U72 MANURE IS STORED on boards above cages for up to 21 days. Because ample space provides for good ventilation, manure often dries down to about 50% mois ture. The cable-drawn scraper is beginning to operate, in top photo, at far end of cage row. At bottom the dry condition of the manure is evident as it is pushed into a storage bin. From there it is augered to a truck outside. Manure is re moved about every two weeks in this installation at Winterpock Farms. outside, Hudgins said. Doors, instead of shutters, are used outside the fans. When fans are on, doors blow open. When off, weights pull the doors shut. A Texas engineer, who recently entered poultry designing, handled the ventilation system, from the fan doors to the split baffle sys tem. Hudgins says it is simpler and cheaper to build than the baf fle system used on the converted house. Fans are on the "downwind" side so that strong gusts of wind will not tend to blow the doors shut when fans are operating. The egg collection system has some unique features. Due to a slight slope, eggs laid in each tier of cages roll onto a separate plas tic belt, which conveys them at a maximum speed of three feet per minute to the end of cage row. Here a "soap dish" lifter gently takes two eggs at a time at timed intervals to the bottom. From here .................. '3 STLCOPCB4080578 eggs are transported on an 18-inch wide "round" slatted conveyor. To bring the eggs in at the right level for in-line washing and grad ing, eggs are lifted by plastic-cov ered fingers on an elevator and gently discharged. One advantage of the slatted conveyor over a belt, Hudgins pointed out, is that the conveyor may carry eggs uphill at a slight angle without fear they will role backwards. This is an advantage since the new house is on a lower level 119 feet away and the slatted conveyor will carry eggs up a slight grade toward the egg room in the older house. With belts running at maximum speed, it would take 100 minutes to collect eggs from the 300-foot cage rows, Hudgins says, but the packer could not handle the eggs at that speed. He thinks one per son will be able to pack the 90 cases of eggs daily in about three hours. Sides and doors of the cages are independent parts that slide to gether and can easily be assem bled or taken down. "The finan cial people like this," Hudgins ex plained, "because it's a portable operation. If we had to move a house, or if a producer failed, the cages can be taken apart, put in a hot-dip galvanizer and be like new again. A plastic pipe runs through the cages to bring water. Either nip ples or cups may be installed in each cage. Connections are at 16inch intervals. Below the pipe runs a shallow water trough that catches any spillage or overflow from the system and prevents ex cess water from falling in the ma nure. It's not difficult to observe birds in each cage, Hudgins claims. One can look up through the fourth tier from the bottom to see if there are any sick or dead birds. Distribution of feed is handled by traveling feed hoppers operat ed automatically by a time clock. Hoppers move to the end where an overhead feed system fills each 34 LIFTER SYSTEM at end of cage rows gently lowers eggs to the slatted conveyor system at bottom. Eggs enter the lifters two at a time, each fitting into a separate "soap bowl" cup, controlled by a timing mechanism. hopper with fresh feed. Then all feed hoppers move at the same time, if desired, evenly distribut ing feed along the feed bins. This assures that bins next to each cage receive the same amount of feed. Hoppers can be timed, too, so that all of the old feed is con sumed before fresh feed is dis tributed. "It takes only 17 minutes for the hoppers to travel the 300-foot cage row," Hudgins said, "which is a quick way to feed 45,000 birds." Inside Winterpock's converted SLATTED CONVEYOR transports eggs from cage rows to in-line processing equipment. Round, plastic-coated wire slats make it possible for conveyor to travel up a slight grade without danger of eggs rolling back. UNUSUAL SIGHT in Winterpock Farm's converted house shows brown and white egg layers looking at each other across the aisle. Winterpock supplies a limited brown egg market. These are three-tier cages. STLCOPCB4080579 house is an unusual sight. Brown and white layers stare at each oth er from across one aisle. "We have a limited brown egg market," Hudgins said. "There's no more profit because it costs us more to produce brown eggs. If we get overloaded on them, we lose. We don't feature brown eggs in advertising, except occasionally on Mediums. It is more of an ac commodation. Brown egg layers eat more feed and lay fewer eggs, but they size up and grade out better. We feel we must get two SWINGING DOORS, instead of shut ters, close when ventilating fans are not operating, pulled by a weighted system. When fans operate, air pushes the doors open. cents more per dozen for them to break even." Winterpock Farms is the com mercial egg branch of Clay's Hatchery, a DeKalb franchise at Blackstone, Va. Most eggs are sold in Richmond independent stores, some under private labels and some under the Winterpock label. The market is growing. While 500 cases were being mar keted weekly early last fall, Hudg ins said there is a market for 1, 000 cases that he intends to fill with his new production and out side sources. "We're sitting just about 25 miles from 700,000 people," Hudg ins says. But he recognizes that nearness to market has its disad vantages, also. While manure is now being spread on a 1,000-acre farm, in rainy weather it presents a difficult problem. Because of nearness to residential areas, no more expansion will be undertak en at the present Winterpock Farms location. But Hudgins thinks his automat ed housing system will allow him to operate with minimal concern from odors and flies. The clean out system is especially favored because the space between cages CAGES ARE MADE of component parts that slide together. Consequently, cages can be disassembled, regalvanized and erected at another location, if desired. Harrell Bennett, Salmet distributor, easily lifts the door off a cage. is sufficient to allow for air dry ing of manure before each clean out. The degree of automation will allow one person to take care of the 72,000 layers, with some oc casional help on mechanical prob lems and manure handling. "We've had some problems, just like anyone does with this much new automated equipment," he says. "But we are very pleased and are convinced it was the best way for us to go." Future PCB outbreaks unlikely: Monsanto OUTBREAKS OF PCB's such as ap peared in the North Carolina fish meal incident last summer are ex tremely unlikely to recur in the future, according to the environ mental protection director for the Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo. Monsanto is the only United States manufacturer of PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls). W. A. Papageorge traced the his tory of the use of PCB's, includ ing their recent emergence as a potential polluter of environment and foodstuffs, and told how Mon santo has moved to avert possible future contamination. His talk was heard at the Midwest "Quickie" Seminar of Poultry and Egg Insti- EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, l?72 tute of America at Kansas City in December. Are any new outbreaks of PCB's likely? "Extremely unlikely," Pa pageorge said, "unless some proc ess or application has escaped our attention . . . It's inconceivable, unless someone has stockpiled PCB's and is secretly using them." Monsanto has discontinued sup plying PCB's for most uses, espe cially for any application remotely connected--directly or indirectly --with food or feed for animals. The action was taken due to re cently uncovered data concerning PCB's in the environment. What are PCB's? Papageorge said in high school chemistry we learn that when you put benzene under proper temperature and pressure, you produce some hy drogen and biphenyls (two ben zenes together). If you add chlo rine, it attaches itself randomly to the benzenes. The product "is not a pure chemical, but a god awful mixture, depending on how many chlorines are attached." The resulting PCB's have cer tain valuable properties, however. It is fire resistant, doesn't react with acids or alkalines, and has good insulating properties that last forever. "Notice," Papageorge said, "that Continued on page 39 35 DSW 334003 STLCOPCB4080580 ! 2o^ *e2 3r g*3 p3 sHr rl " -r*< * na; oS^ad-2p- =_,(X?> !- 2"-^a oaa^a--crrjJ=ST 25ft1"<_<10*z7' ,s,s s a s-i l> g Ir! s s. i-a"#" ? [ ` 3 !Z CL> ft _. I(JiO 2- 2 ua 90 sr< *n< aft -So' ^r-s <. iris f* gs ' i griffs* 3n,, oU--?!Sr!*KiS n V> "nno Tu-O o a Q-re r 3 :r=r ilS3&.S. <y6 TrOt-0 5ft"s3- &a sftT TnO 3(L<S< rOa ao OT-* [fgpe; O5a** 2fgt ic&ree.r <<--rJ*"Qft Scry5 rgaSSTMj-o3 * g* S Ts-L -- v< <Xft 0 7T" cs s5T8O O ^: S S. o Ja CEf* l ffa5tt -g^n*-g<j Sr4*** 3 ; *-s-:r"'s -- -> ftot;|= gs' |w_a- i a g 5.3 ^ u,~sp-ft5<.S^T~,oOft2ftL'="5.S-.fta'^-faftt:;l STLCOPCB4080581 December, 1971, Feature Articles How Long May Layers Be Profitable? -- Robert H. Adolph............................ This House Is Light-Tight..................................................................................... Reducing Social Stress in Rearing -- G. R. McDaniel ......... ..................... Winter Ventilation of Curtain Houses ........................................................... Cleaning and Dipping of Hatching Eggs -- W. F. Krueger............................ Broiler Sire Selection -- Wade M. Smith, D.VM............................................. Top Egg Production From Turkeys -- Chester Gibson ....... .......................... Brooder House Heating Systems -- William A. Junnila................................ Dead Bird Disposal -- W. C. Fairbank and E. L. Bramhall........ ................... 577 580 583 584 588 591 595 597 600 Table of Contents of All Articles in This Issue Breeding and Hatching Cleaning and Dipping Hatching Eggs .......... 588 Broiler Sire Selection ...................................... 591 Broilers Winter Ventilation of Curtain Houses ........... 584 Fasting Broilers Saves Feed .......................... 603 How Price Base Could Hurt Broilers.............. 605 Open Housing and Old Litter OK.................. 607 Brooding and Rearing When Pullets Are Underweight .................. 579 Reducing Social Stress in Rearing ,................. 583 Brooder House Heating Systems .................. 597 Ecology and Waste Handling Manure Buildup in Deep Pits ...................... 596 Dead Bird Disposal by Rendering.................. 600 Eggs Effects of "Prudent Diet" .................. ....... 576 How Long May Layers Be Profitable? ........... 577 Booby Traps in Force Molting ...................... 582 Premature Molts in Layers .......................... 582 What Is Good Egg Quality Worth? ............... 590 Poor Debeaking Adds to Feed Cost .............. 603 Egg Producers Need Profit Sharing ............... 605 Peak Lay Not Key to Profitability ................... 605 Protect Egg From Its Detractors .................. 605 Only Two Grams of Saturated Fat.................. 606 Feeds and Feeding Overfeeding Can Be Expensive...................... 594 No Dietary Selenium Residue ...................... 604 Opal Wheat Boosts Feed Efficiency ........... 604 Too High or Too Low Protein Costly ...........604 Housing and Equipment This House Is Light-Tight .............................. 580 Insulation Damage From Pests ...................... 590 Insulated Bins to Protect Feed ...................... 594 Housing Practices in England ...................... 607 Poultry Health Precautions in Using Disinfectants .............. 596 Water Vaccination for Tracheitis .............. 601 Turkey Hens Negative to Mm................. ....... 602 Vaccinate 10% Against Marek's .................. 602 E. Mivati Not Highly Pathogenic .................. 604 Reduced Vaccine Dose Is Effective .............. 604 Coccidiostats for Cage Pullets? .................. 607 Distillers Feeds Prevent Fatty Liver ........... 607 Turkeys Turkey Egg Cleaning Made Easy .................. 587 Top Egg Production From Turkeys .............. 595 Curled Tongue Can Be Hereditary .............. 603 This Table of Contents from one issue indicates why Poultry Digest is the most complete single source of production information on eggs, broilers and turkeys. During 1971, Poultry Digest carried material from 180 sources--magazines, scientific journals, technical reports, conventions, sem inars and others. Keep up to date with the latest profit-making ideas in production. Poultry Digest is $3.00 per year in the United States; $5.00 per year in other coun tries. Indicate your poultry interest (serviceman, sales-serviceman, egg producer, broiler producer, turkey grower or whatever interest you have \ when sending your order to: POULTRY DIGEST, Sea Isle City, N. J. 08243 DSW 334 38 INDUSTRY/JANUARY. 1*72 STLCOPCB4080582 "PCB's have certain valuable properties . . . fire re sistant.. doesn't react with acids or aikalines ... good insulating properties that last forever. Notice that these are the characteristics that plague us today." PCB'S Continued from page 35 these are the characteristics that plague us today." Initially, PCB's were manufac tured, starting in 1929, by a small Alabama company, to supply a nonflammable, nonexplosive fluid for use in electrical transformers. Today, this is the most valuable use of PCB's--because of its abil ity to "resist breakout when the transformer arcs internally" so that "explosive gases are not formed." If a transformer should rup ture, PCB's mean "you don't have the situation of a flammable fluid scattered in all directions." The only substitutes known for PCB's in these electrical applica tions are mineral oil and air, Papa george said, but these require much larger units and are dan gerous and cannot be used unless the transformer is isolated in re mote country--such as is seen in isolated electrical installations sur rounded by high fences to keep people away. In the 1930's, Monsanto acquired the Alabama company and has con. tinued to be the only American PCB maufacturer. It was found that PCB's were valuable in capac itors, which allow transmission of electricity over long distances without loss of power. In this pe riod of power blackouts, this use ESS INDUSTRY / JANUARY, W2 has increased dramatically because of need to transmit power over long distances. Because of PCB's characteristics of resisting breakdown, new uses were found during the mid-1950's, Papageorge continued. PCB's were attractive as ingredients in the fol lowing products: Paints. PCB's help paint with stand corrosive environment. Uses extended to marine paints and paint for factories working with corrosive materials. PCB paint has also been used on concrete sur faces and for traffic lanes. It was not used in normal interior paints, however. Sealants. PCB's were attrac tive to caulking manufacturers be cause it would allow material to stay pliable for years. PCB caulk was used in modern skyscrapers to fix glass panes permanently, the caulking promising to last the life time of the building. Inks. Only in specialty print ing inks were PCB's used. It helped inks withstand ultraviolet lighting deterioration. It wasn't used in common or newspaper inks. Adhesives. Its attractive prop erties were its flowability in appli cation of adhesives. Carbonless copy paper. PCB's made possible use of copy paper without carbons. With extended uses, PCB's, "more and more were starting to get into our environment," Papa george said. "PCB's range from materials that have about the same consistency and clearness of wa ter to solid types that look like wax or resins. PCB's that look like water have little viscosity and have small amounts of chlorine in them. The more chlorine added, the more viscous PCB's become, until they finally become solid." Due to problems in manufac ture, Monsanto was aware quite early that it needed to be careful in application of PCB in the plant and for customers. "We warned customers to ventilate rooms properly, don't get it on your hands, wash hands after han dling it, etc., primarily oriented to industrial hygiene practices known through the years. But at no time were we aware this ma terial could be harming the en vironment." In 1966, when Swedish investi gators identified the unknown ma terial that interfered with insecti cide analysis as being PCB's, "we at Monsanto were frankly sur prised and disbelieving," Papa george said. As reports kept coming in that PCB's were out there in the en vironment, Monsanto in late 1967 decided to "have a look." "We developed our analytical methodology, capable of detecting this material down to parts per billion--a new standard since no attempt had been made to oper ate at such a low concentration be fore. "The analytical methodology is as sophisticated as any that we're aware of in the business. It takes experienced chemists and expen- 39 DSW 334006 STLCOPCB4080583 Sometime in 1968, "we convinced ourselves that, sure enough, this material was out there in the environment. The next question was: what harm does it do? ' sive equipment. Those of you who third generation in terms of litter into the environment, such as have had this work done for you size, mating and survival of pups. paint, adhesives, sealants and ink. by labs are aware it's expensive Nothing in the experiments in The only businesses we would work." dicated that PCB materials were continue to serve were electrical Sometime in 1948, "we con vinced ourselves that, sure enough, this material was out there in the environment. The next question was: what harm does it do? "Throughout 1968 and 1969, we received reports of PCB's being found in some sports fish, fish-eat ing birds and shellfish. The prob lem appeared to be one of possi ble harm to some species of wild life in the environment and it ap highly toxic, Papageorge stated. With the chickens, the lower chlorinated materials did show some effect. The first warning sig nal was lower hatchability of the egg. It was found that at 2 p.p.m. there was no effect, but at 4 p.p.m. some showed up. "This was the first indication we had that the lower chlorinated materials could also be a prob lem." transformers, electrical capacitors and heat transfer systems." Papageorge explained that in commonly used steam heat trans fer systems, water is heated into steam and the steam is transferred to the process for sterilization. It condenses as it cools and is re turned to be recycled. The re cycling is carried on as a closed system, within pipes. The pipes heat and only their exterior sur peared to be the more highly What did Monsanto do? "We saw faces are in contact with the ma chlorinated versions. it as an environmental problem terial to be sterilized. "No one had detected the low PCB's were used for this sys i er chlorinated materials. This led i us to believe, initially, that the tem because they can withstand extremely high temperatures with latter were probably degrading and not really a program." Animal experiments revealed that out being vaporized. "This means when you design the system, you Monsanto began a multi-pointed program: Continue refining analytical capabilities. Begin trying to develop re placement products. Start animal feeding studies. Initiate biodegradation stud ies. Educate customers as to po tential problems. The two-year feeding studies on beagle dogs, white mice and White Leghorn chickens were completed last summer. The higher chlori nated materials were fed at 100 parts per million (p.p.m.). They affected dogs and mice in terms of weight gain and causing enlarged livers. Livers were not damaged but appeared to be growing larger to cope with this, new, strange sub stance. The lower chlorinated ma terials had no effects on mice or dogs. The higher chlorinated materi reproduction capabilities were adversely affected, but nothing indicated that PCB materials were highly toxic. and we had better get out of the business." By late 1969, a plan was formulated to drop all PCB business that could not be con trolled in terms of escape into the environment. It's easy to reach such a decision in the conference room, but diffi cult to implement. "There are thousands of customers involved and many don't appreciate envi ronmental problems. Many busi nesses depend entirely on this one product and they don't have re search departments and resources to find alternative materials. "It was an emotional situation. In some quarters, we were hailed as heroes--usually by the person who hasn't been affected--and in don't need safety valves or the high-pressure design of steam sys tems." These should be closed systems and with proper maintenance can be operated as such. Monsanto fig ured that, with proper care, they could live with such a system. "When the unfortunate North Carolina fish meal contamination broke, we realized we had ne glected one very important consid eration: attitude of the operators, and ability to inspect, repair and maintain the closed system. "Also, in a system like this, the problem must occur before you can locate it." As a result of the fish meal in cident, Monsanto reviewed its pol icy and decided it was too much to expect all heat transfer systems to be entirely leakproof at all times. So it was decided not to service any heat transfer system related--directly or indirectly-- to food or animal feed. als also affected reproduction capa other quarters we were S.O.B.'s. Monsanto went to each such bilities. The second generation "By May, 1970, we dropped all customer, helped them drain and had difficulty in reproducing a businesses where PCB's might leak flush the units, and gave them re- 40 EGS INDUSTRY / JANUARY, im DSW 334007 STLCOPCB4080584 The New Over-Under Principle Packman's MARK-1 Cage Feeder Pockman introduces a new concept in Auto-mated Cage Feeders - - our exclusive OVER-UNDER-chain principle which mixes return-feed with fresh feed for profitable egg production. Feed wastage is controlled by bringing returned feed to top of the feed hopper - - not at the bottom as other cage feeders do. And remember, our exclusive feeder chain is design^ ed to carry the feed - - this helps prevent feed separa tion. . The Mark I Cage Feeder was designed for and is compatible with Pockman Cages. It was never a floor feeder-- raised and then wrapped around cages. Let us quote you on the Mark I Cage Feeder for new or existing cages. Pockman's Complete Poultry House Systems pay their way automatically. POCKMAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY P.0. Box I9D8, Decatur, Ala. 356DI Phone: (205) 353-1521 DSW 334008 KG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 A Chromalloy American Corporation Subsidiary 41 STLCOPCB4080585 j PCB'S Continued jrom page 40 placement fluids. The PCB's were then destroyed by Monsanto. All of this was at no cost to the cus tomer. Unfortunately, no fluid except PCB's is fire resistant. Within a month three units had suffered fires. Many customers had to go back to insurance underwriters and were told they must install additional fire protection systems, sprinklers and fire walls. Monsanto also decided to sell no PCB's for any new heat trans fer systems, regardless of applica tion. And a program was begun to try to convince all remain ing heat transfer applicants to change over to other fluids. "The sources of PCB's that could affect your business are no longer being supplied," Papageorge de clared. Since PCB's do not break down easily, they will continue to con taminate the environment for some time, but not in massive out breaks, he thinks. Source of PCB's in recycled pa per products was the PCB that carbonless copy paper contained, plus some possibly from inks and adhesives used on boxes and con tainers. Some small use of PCB's was made in special paper coat ings. All of these products are re cycled and carry PCB's into the recycled product. "Much PCB contamination being observed to day in cereal and cracker boxes may well be third generation be cause PCB's are so persistent. It will be with us for some time to come." Monsanto took the lead in alert ing foreign manufacturers of PCB dangers. At first they were polite ly ignored, but now these firms are taking similar steps, about a year behind Monsanto. Could PCB's continue to be used 42 in food - related applications by companies that import the sub stance? Unlikely, Papageorge said. The foreign companies say they cannot realistically accept such business because of the conse quences. Monsanto is monitoring imports and has found no evidence of PCB's being sold to domestic companies by foreign firms. There are two PCB producers in Japan, one in England, West Germany, France, Spain and Italy. All are following Monsanto's lead except Italy ("they haven't recog nized that PCB's are a problem") and Spain ("they don't listen"). Monsanto has no way of know- Since PCB's don't break down easily, they will continue to con taminate the environment for some time, but massive out breaks are unlikely. ing steps being taken inside the Iron Curtain where there are pro ducers in East Germany, Russia and Rumania. Japan was slow to recognize the problem but is now moving so fast on regulations and control that they may exceed the concern of the Scandinavian countries, where PCB's are being banned. Are PCB's being used in heat transfer units to process ingredi ents such as fish meal in foreign countries? No, Papageorge said. Steam sterilisation is being used in aU operations outside the U. S. Is there danger that PCB's can escape from old transformers in to the environment when they are being dismantled? Papageorge said all users of such transformers are constantly warned not to dispose of them randomly. They are to be returned to Monsanto for dis posal. Any company found not to be cooperating would not be able to secure equipment containing PCB's in the future. "Anyone causing trouble will be dropped. We can't stand this sit uation any longer," he said. How are PCB's destroyed? Mon santo has a specially built incin erator at St. Louis, believed to be the only one capable of destroy ing PCB's. Heat in the firebox reaches 3,000 degrees F. Near this point, PCB's ignite and "take off with a roar like a jet engine. The flame is incandescent and one can't look at it long with the naked eye." Products of the combustion are water, carbon dioxide and muriatic acid. "We can't dispose of muri atic acid straight up the stack but we scrub it. We end up with a weak acid that is neutralized and treated along with other wastes. Monsanto charges a nominal three cents per pound to dispose of PCB's--which is a break-even cost, Papageorge explained. "We don't intend to make profit from our customers' problems." Better performance found in large units LARGER PRODUCTION units gen erally have better bird perform ance than small units, according to a study made in England by Mrs. Sue Richardson, of Manchester University, as reported in the Au gust, 1971, issue of Poultry In dustry. "Some bigger units surveyed had marginal pluses in lower feed costs, lower labor and a higher margin over costs than the smaller unit,' the article says. "And this survey destroys the hairiest of myths--that the small unit will always outproduce the large unit in terms of egg numbers. The Manchester survey indicates that this is not so. Units with an average number of 6,500 birds produced five eggs per bird less than 30,000-bird units." Mrs. Richardson also found that larger units had a lower flock mor tality than smaller flocks, "con trary to what everyone believes." EGG INDUSTRY /JANUARY, H72 DSW 334009 I A? STLCOPCB4080586 Shell Poultry Spray stops mites,fHes and lice. Shell Poultry Larvicide stops maggots. Put an end to fly and mite problems in poultry operations with the com- "" bination of Shell Poultry Larvicide and Shell Poultry Spray ...and with no harm ful residue to meat or eggs. Shell Poultry Lar vicide provides effective fly maggot control when used in chicken manure pits and under caged layers, Use it for complete lar- viciding or for hot spot control. Stop mites with Shell Poultry Spray...and also control flies and lice.Apply directly to the vent area of the bird.. .ideal for caged layers or pullets. Use it to treat walls, roosts, litter and other areas in the poultry house. It even controls pests that are resistant to older miticides. And its residual effect avoids re-infestation by costly parasites. Shell Poultry Spray, available in liquid concentrate and wettable powder; Shell Poultry Larvicide, avail- health & able in liquid concentrate. \\ Shell Chemical Company, Agricultural Division, San Ramos, California 94583 District offices: 6.901 W. 63rd Street, Overland Park, Kansas 66202 P.O. Box 813, Princeton, N.J. 08540 DSW 334010 STLCOPCB4080587 HOME ECONOMISTS watch Greenbrier chefs prepare tasty delicacies. Surplus? sell more eggs-- promotion people tell how where up to 12,000 children make art works out of egg cartons, cases and shells--including sculptures. COLOR CARTONS--Full-color labels on pulp cartons and pastel colors of pulp cartons help in crease sales. DEVELOP SPACE consciousness for eggs in the dairy case. Most stores underdisplay and under sell and are frequently out of stock. PERSONAL CONTACT --Pack er salesman must convince the store manager of high profitability and turnover of eggs and offer merchandising advice and help. Provide him more than eggs and price. CENTS OFF--When eggs are plentiful, encourage retailer to use "10 cents off" promotion in stead of cutting price. A SIMPLE SOLUTION to the egg industry's surplus problems? Sure. Sell more eggs. Few would argue with that. But how? When overproduction was build ing in mid-1970, Poultry and Egg National Board launched a pro gram to alert supermarket buyers across the country what bargains eggs would be that fall. Surveys indicate this paid off in many areas as eggs were featured in more store promotions than usual and observers believe the volume of egg sales increased. Kraft Foods and PENB, in a post mortem of last April's "Eggs 'n Cheese" promotion, indicate egg sales were up sharply over a year earlier, despite the anti-cholesterol TV attacks that occurred during the final week of the promotion. If eggs were a bargain in 1970, they are now a "super bargain" at 1971's much lower prices. United Egg Producers got into the act with a call for retailers and egg producers to feature eggs dur ing two weeks in mid-October. UEP's effort was designed to move a "small" surplus off the market 44 by increasing sales. It's well docu mented that a small surplus exerts a bearish effect on egg prices far out of proportion. How do you sell more eggs? A panel at the Northeastern Poultry Producers Council's convention ex plored successful methods, after hearing PENB's president, Dr. L. A. Wilhelm, offer 40 ideas of his own. Home economists and state egg promotion specialists, meeting in White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., swapped ideas on how promotions fared in their respective states. A capsule of some of the ideas offered in these various events in clude: LOCAL NEWSPAPER ADS: Missouri's egg promoters also ad vertised in state newspapers which reach 1.5 million families. They placed ads in food sections of Wed nesday and Thursday issues, stress ing the value of eggs, noting that two Large eggs, costing about 10 cents total, constitute a meal for one person. CONTESTS--PENB ties in with the New York Police Athletic League's annual "egg art show" DSW 334011 COOKING OMELETS: Phil Doolin, executive secretary, said Mis souri Egg Merchandising Council cooked about 2,500 omelets in a booth for nine days at the state fair, and handed out 10,000 omelet servings to interested persons. It demonstrated how to make at least 30 different types of ome lets, showed how easy omelets are prepared and promoted the nutri tional aspects. See photo above. TIE-INS -- Work for breakfast displays where eggs are sold side Continued on page 60 EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 STLCOPCB4080588 Up to $432 extra profit per 1000 housed birds Today with the cost-price squeeze it is important to make every bird count for maximum profits. The new Cyanamid Week-AMonth layer program will help. It produced an extra $432 over cost per 1000 birds housed in actual use tests. And it's easy to implement. You simply add 100 grams of AUREOMYCINchlortetracycline per ton of feed for the first week after housing and the first week of every month. Your extra return will soon be realized from increased egg produc tion, improved feed efficiency and greater hatchability. The cost--not more than $46 per 1,000 commercial caged layers in production 12 months or $48 per 1,000 broiler breeders in production nine months. Results will vary...no matter how or where you operate the increased production from the Week-A-Month layer program will pay the cost many times over. Help beat the cost price squeeze by starting on the WeekA-Month layer program. See your Cyanamid representative for the complete trial results and a handy Week-A-Month reminder calendar. Or write American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. EG6 INDUSTRY / JANUART. ITO DSW 334012 45 STLCOPCB4080589 topic of an analysis to be present ed by Milton Chamberlain, presi dent of Seymour Foods, Topeka, Kan. He will give special empha sis to the proposed fowl sell-off plan to adjust egg production, be ginning at 11:30 a.m. After lunch. Dr. Heartsill Wil son, Denver, Colo., will deliver a speech on "The World of the Un common Leader," starting at 2 p.m. Educational programs for the turkey and broiler industries will also take place Tuesday. On Monday, January 24, educa tional activities will be of general interest. On Wednesday, sessions will highlight waste and its usage and producing broilers in cages. Headquarters hotels for the event will be the Marriott Motor Inn and the Sheraton Hotel. i j Court ruling validates cash accounting Checkoff, inspection, fowl sell-off head SEPEA topics EGG CHECKOFF legislation, up coming shell egg inspection and the proposed fowl sell-off bill high light topics on the egg program at the Southeastern "International" Poultry Convention, January 23 26, at Atlanta, Ga. Herman 0. Jones, Herman 0. Enterprises, Jacksonville, Fla., will preside over the egg program which begins at 9:45 a.m. on Tues day, January 25, in the mezzanine of the Civic Center. At 9:45 a.m., Connor Kennett, deputy director of USDA's Poul try Division, C&MS, will bring upto-date information about shell egg inspection that will begin July 1, 1972. Legislative objectives of the mandatory egg checkoff will be discussed by Malcolm Cleland, Roscoe Hill Hatchery, Lincoln, Neb., at 10 a.m. Cleland is chairman of Poultry and Egg National Board. "Putting the `Sell' in Eggs" is the topic of a talk by Harry Trembath, Nulaid Foods, San Leandro, Calif., starting at 10:30 a.m. He will question whether current pric ing methods are suited to the com position of the market. At 11 a.m., J. R. Feldman, J&R Packers, Winnipeg, Canada, will explain Canada's egg program. Feldman has served as egg chair man of the Canadian Poultry and Egg Council and is a recoginzed Canadian egg leader. "The Washington Scene" is the A POULTRYMAN operating un der the cash method of accounting may take as a deductible expense payments made for feed ingredi ents prior to the end of the fiscal year, even though the ingredients are not used until the year fol lowing. Dismissal in November of a countersuit by the U. S. Govern ment against Gaddis Breeder Farms, Inc., Forrest, Miss., con firmed that the practice is con sistent with the cash method of handling receipts and disburse ments. The U. S. District Court, South ern District Miss., Jackson, ruled last June in favor of Gaddis Breed er Farms, Inc., which had sued for recovery of additional income taxes, penalty and interest when the Internal Revenue Service had disallowed certain expense pay ments. These involved (1) pay ments made in the fiscal year end ing April 30, 1967, for corn and soybean oil meal, most of which Continued on page 48 46 EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, H72 DSW 334013 STLCOPCB4080590 Y&U SELL E99S So Hy-Line Layers Produce Valuable Ones at Low Feed Cost. We're kidding. Feed-saving Hy-Line layers won't make your feeding equipment unnecessary. It just won't have to work as hard. You sell eggs. And the less they cost you to pro duce, the more you make selling 'em. So, Geneticist R. D. Buckingham and his fellow Hy-Line scientists breed Hy-Line pullets to cut your costs of production. Since feed is your biggest cost, they cut it_by breeding a small-bodied layer ...a quarter-pound to a half-pound smaller than other brands of layers. ' Every quarter-pound less body weight per bird could save you $1,400 (20 T of feed) for every 10,000 Hy-Line layers over their lifetime. Make that up to $2,450 (35 T) if you recycle your layers and keep them up to 30 months of age. To get the feed saving with Hy-Line layers you don't have to give up a thing ... certainly not egg value. Tough shells, practically spot free interiors, and large egg size could bring you 28c more per bird for the eggs from your Hy-Line layers. Weigh some Hy-Line birds and other brands of the same age or ask your local Hy-Line representative to take a look at feed records of local Hy-Line flocks. You'll see how low feed costs per dozen combined with high livability, high egg production, and ex ceptional egg value make Hy-Line pullets the logi cal choice for your next brood. EGG INDUSTRY/ JANUARY, 1972 CHICKS Des Moines, Iowa 50309 Registered trademark of Pioneer Hi*Bred International, Inc. DSW 334014 47 i \ STLCOPCB4080591 COURT RULING Continued from page 46 was used in the following year, and (2) payments for certain items which IRS considered capital ex penditures. , On October 20,1966, Gaddis had contracted to purchase from Car gill, Inc., 420,000 bushels of corn under a pricing formula confirmed by Cargill on November 1, 1966. About 60,000 bushels were deliv ered by April 30, 1967, and the balance was delivered in May and June. All was paid for before April 30, 1967. Had the contracts not been bind ing, the court pointed out, Gaddis could have saved over $21,000 on 182,000 bushels if the contracts had been canceled and the corn bought locally at the lower prices prevailing in May, 1967. The pay ments made prior to April 30, 1967, therefore, could not be con strued as deposits in any sense. The situation was similar on the purchase of soybean oil meal. On April 24, 1967, Gaddis contracted with Paymaster Oil Co. for 1,000 tons of soybean oil meal at $84.50 per ton to be delivered in May. It was paid for on April 29, and delivery was made in May and June. The court noted that "the total storage capacity of the Gaddis feed mill was 25,000 bushels of corn and less than 100 tons of soy bean oil meal, making it impossi ble for the plaintiff to accept de livery of, and adequately and safe ly store, the full amount of the feed it had contracted to pur chase." Gaddis' claim was granted for refund of taxes paid on the $228, 476.90 expense disallowance for the payment on corn and soybean oil meal during the fiscal year end ing April 30, 1967, together with legal interest. In a second action, Gaddis Breeder Farms, Inc., claimed a re- 48 fund on taxes paid on $14,232.81 for equipment and supplies which IRS had not allowed as deducti ble. The court agreed with IRS that purchases of three incinera tors should be regarded as capital expenditures, but found that the other items, none of which cost more than $8.51 each, constituted expendable supplies. Items which the court said were deductible consisted of water troughs, hang ing feeders, hoses, valves, egg bas kets, piping, nests and accessory packs, each of which had a useful life of no more than 12 months and which were used to keep the buildings and equipment in good repair. Where these items had been placed in new buildings on new farms, the plaintiff had handled them as capital expenditures. ILLINOIS POULTRY SEMINAR panel members discussing the role of inde pendent producers at Bloomington were, from left: Carl Nethers, Ralston Purina Co., Bloomington; Fred Munroe, Munroe-Home Juice Egg Co., Plain field; George Egbert, president of Illi nois Poultry and Hatchery Federation, Monticello, and Henry Marlowe, Mar lowe Feed and Hatchery, Huntley. CME changes futures contract REACTING TO CRITICISM by United Egg Producers, governors of Chicago Mercantile Exchange have voted two significant changes in the fresh, shell egg futures contract favorable to the producer element. Warehouse delivery was elimi nated in favor of delivery from approved plants, recognizing that eggs no longer move into storage. Quality standards were raised to reduce the impact of "junk" eggs on market price. Quality specification was raised to 90% DSW 334015 from 85% on Large, white Grade A eggs. Discounts of a half cent per dozen are placed on lots of 87.5 to 89.9% Grade A and one cent per dozen on eggs grading 85.0 to 87.4%. The trading unit is 750 cases with an average net delivered weight of at least 46 pounds, with none less than 45 pounds. Negotiations end NEGOTIATIONS between Sey mour Foods and Cal-Maine Foods for sale of Seymour's food division have been called off. Seymour, Topeka, Kan.-based manufacturer of special egg processing machin ery and processor of egg products, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Waltham Industries. Birds spread TB TUBERCULOSIS of birds spreads to other animals and humans, ac cording to a Michigan State Uni versity microbiologist, Dr. Walter L. Mallmann. Avian TB causes damage very similar to that caused by human TB, he said. Last year, 129,000 of approxi mately 160 million spent fowl slaughtered were condemned for suspicion of TB infection. "Chickens are not the health hazard they could be if it were not for the practice of cleaning out the laying hens before they be come unproductive," said Dr. Mall mann. Another good reason why the industry should slaughter its old er birds, added to the long list of more vital ones. Montana complex THREE LAYING HOUSES of 40, 000-bird capacity each, a brooder grow house and an egg processing plant comprise the layer project being built at Townsend, Mont., by Woodcrest Egg Ranch, Inc., Riverside, Calif. It is being built to supply eggs to Safeway stores in Montana. Woodcrest has been pro ducing and packing for Safeway. EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, IM2 * i \ STLCOPCB4080592 The TWINVAX cocktail. 2 jiggers of bronchitis, 1 jigger of Newcastle, and just enough of a jolt to stimulate immunity. ASL-NC-3 Any chicken who gets enough of this stuff inside him gets a special kind of protection. Besides being a highly effective Newcastle vaccine, TWINVAX is a polyvalent bronchitis vaccine. Containing both the Conn, and Mass, strains of bronchitis viruses, it stimu lates a multiple response to vacci nation--helping to block infection from a wide variety of field strains. Of course, the B-l Newcastle strain we use is naturally mild. But at least one of the bronchitis viruses isn't. So we've specially attenuated and NEWVAX - -- other top-notch that virus to the point where it gives products to meet your special needs. a nice little jolt instead of a great We make them all with the big kick. same painstaking care, with the same As if that weren't enough, we balance of low reaction and high produce TWINVAX from rigidly-tested immunity, with the same concern for S-6 PPLO-free and Cofal- negative your vaccination program. flocks. And after we make it, we make So when you're looking for sure it's still as free as the flocks it something to serve your feathered came from. friends, remember us. We serve the We make TWINVAX for use as best drinks in town. American ' initial vaccination or revaccination of Scientific Laboratories, Division of broilers, pullets and breeders. We Schering Corporation USA, also make DUBLVAX* BRONVAX* 60 Orange St., Bloomfield, N.J. The most lasting protection that mildness can make. DSW 334016 J STLCOPCB4080593 BLANTON SMITH SEARCH FOR FACTS Commission drafts plan for attack GATHERING THE FACTS and then finding a way to disseminate them to the American public was the objective undertaken last sum mer by the National Commission on Egg Nutrition. "We believe we have the facts now," said Blanton Smith, Nash ville, Tenn., chairman of the fiveman commission originally found ed as the Egg Cholesterol Commis sion as the last official act of Amer ican Poultry and Hatchery Fed eration before its merger with the Institute of American Poultry In dustries. APHF funded $30,000 to be used for two years' work ($15, 50 000 per year). United Egg Pro ducers agreed to match the amount and other trade associations have been asked to help finance the "crusade for facts." Smith, appointed by the UEP, was joined on the commission by four prominent industry leaders: Mai Cleland, Hill Hatchery, Lin coln, Neb., representing Poultry and Egg National Board; Harry Trembath, Pacific Growers, San Leandro, Calif., representing Pa cific Egg and Poultry Ass'n; Ed Murphy, Diamond National Corp., New York, representing North eastern Poultry Producers Coun cil, and Hugh Purnell, Purnell's Pride, Tupelo, Miss., representing Southeastern Poultry and Egg Ass'n. Though the Poultry and Egg In stitute of America, created by the APHF-IAPI merger, is not direct ly represented, Purnell is chair man of the organization. Smith and Trembath are directors and all five are members of PEIA. Smith and his committee un dertook an energetic, thorough search for facts relating to eggs, cholesterol and heart disease. "Without facts, we could do nothing but talk, and there had been too much talk without facts to back it up," Smith said. Their search led them to a meeting with Dr. Campbell Moses, medical di rector of the American Heart Ass'n, and to interviews with not ed heart specialists and research ers all over the country. Smith began to accumulate ad ditional data to a file on the cho lesterol question which he had personally begun to compile many years ago. The commission dispelled many false premises and unsupported contentions. The idea that eggs were indicted in heart disease be cause of fats content was quickly blown apart. In the confrontation with Dr. Moses, Smith drew from him an admission that eggs have never been indicted for their fats content, which Moses admitted "in. significant." AHA had attacked eggs solely for their cholesterol content, he explained. Moses also expressed shock that the egg industry had suffered serious financial losses due to AHA publicity and, especial ly, following the two national tele vision heart disease specials last spring. One of the nation's leading heart researchers told the com mission there are a certain num ber of people--perhaps as high as 10% of the population--who in herit high cholesterol blood levels (300 or more) from both sides of their families and, also, are subject to heart attacks and strokes rather early in life. These persons stand a good chance of being crippled by, or dying from, heart disease or relat ed troubles by the time they are 50. Many are stricken in their 30's and 40's. It is very difficult to lower their blood cholesterol levels. On one of the TV specials, it was stated that men under 45,with a serum cholesterol level of more than 250 are three times more likely to die of a heart attack or stroke than men with normal cho lesterol levels. "This is true," Smith said, "but it is true only because those who have the inherited high cholesterol and the inherited high risk of heart attack load the statistics. The implication is that if the serum cholesterol were lowered in time by diet or drugs, the risk of a heart attack would be less. This, of course, is not true." When AHA's Moses was asked, "On what scientific evidence does AHA base its recommendation to the American public to limit their egg consumption to three eggs per week?" he finally replied: "Clinical opinion." "This verified our feeling that there was no such scientific evi dence," Smith said. "As you know, most of the talk we have heard about this has to do with whether or not eating eggs will raise the cholesterol level in the blood serum of a person. From Continued on page 52 EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, ITO DSW 334017 STLCOPCB4080594 A Dependable, Long-Lasting Solution Processed materiel from Colman Manure Drier. To Your Manure Disposal Problem Seven years ago. That's when the Colman Company began engineering manure driers, (in the. days when most of us asked "What's that?''.) Today, they're still in the business, with more experience than any other manufacturer. And they're still building them to last. Sure, a Colman unit costs a little more than some. And we at Anderson readily admit it. But we're also quite proud of its quality, in low maintenance, in year-after-year service. And workability that helps it pay for itself. . A single, Colman Manure Drier converts waste from as many as 120,000 birds in a 24-hour operational day. Additional units equip you for flocks of any size. For years to come. Direct purchase, or leasing is available to qualified applicants. Make sure your first manure'tirier is by Colman from Anderson. Jt'll bee long time-before you look for a replacement. Progressive Products for Agriculture If you want to know how this unit may pay for itself in less than one year's time, call Norm Clizer at (812) 424-2929. ANDERSON BOX COMPANY. INC. - P. 0. Box 31157 - Indianapolis, Ind. 46231 BBS INDUSTRY / JANUARY, 1372 DSW 334018 STLCOPCB4080595 SEARCH FOR FACTS Continued from page 50 the studies we have seen, in only a very small percentage of the population will the ingestion of eggs increase serum cholesterol levels, and these people have an abnormal condition. "However, we now know that the key information we were looking for is: there is absolutely no scientific evidence that indi cates lowering serum cholesterol through diet or drugs mil reduce the risk of a heart attack." The commission'* research has clearly indicated that most of the anti-egg publicity over the past six years has originated with two men: Dr. Frederick Stare, chair man of Harvard University's nu trition department, and Dr. Jere miah Stamler, formerly with the Chicago public health department and on the medical faculty at Northwestern University. The commission has document ed the fact that Dr. Stare, by his own admission, has been a paid consultant for the cereal industry for 15 to 18 years. He came to the defense of cereal before a Senate consumer subcommittee in mid1970 after Robert B. Choate, Jr., a former Nixon advisor on hun ger, had described cereals as "empty calories" that "fatten but do little to prevent malnutrition." Choata usod charts to expose the nutritional deficiencies of most cereals and illustrated how cereal companies spend many millions of dollars on advertising beamed at young children. The result is that many families substitute sugarcoated nutritional "nothings" at the expense of nutritious foods, such as eggs. Dr. Stare was rushed in to de fend cereals, but the most signifi cant thing he could say in their defense was that, when served with milk (which no one denies has good nutritional qualities), cereal provides a good deal of nu trition. Dr. Stamlor went much further than that when CBS gave him a national television audience on its "60 Minutes" show. In a super market where he attacked the high-protein animal foods such as meat and dairy products, Dr. Stam ler held up a carton of eggs and declared they should be restored only to the function of "making chickens." The commission is carefully doc umenting the statements of these two men, along with their respec tive roles in promoting the anti egg publicity in AHA and many publications. Dr. Stamler's ma jor role in drafting the report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources is well known. This study, financed by the Department of Health, Educa tion and Welfare, was able to cite no new research on the heart ques tion, yet came to conclusions, de spite lack of evidence, that the government should undertake a program of trying to alter Ameri cans' diets by reducing the amount of cholesterol consumed. Armed with facts, the commis sion plans to formulate a program to take this story to the American public. A number of plans have been proposed, but all are still under study. But the gathering of facts will continue, said Smith. "We must know we are on solid ground be fore we proceed on anything," he declared. "Otherwise we can do our cause more harm than good." The day when it may have been advisable to remain silent on the cholesterol question has long passed, Smith believes. "We need to get this question out in the open because we have a real story to tell," he asserted. SALMET SALES OPPORTUNITY Harrell Bennett Sales Inc. Covers the Southeast, Southwest and Midlands Agents Needed Balance of United States Some Sales Territories Open in Harrell Bennett Sales Area Contact: HARRELL BENNETT SALES INC. Box 8716 NASHVILLE, TENN. 37211 Phone:615-832-0753 52 DSW 334019 ms indusisy/januasy. , STLCOPCB4080596 When Lad Hudgins Decided to Automate, Why Did He Choose SALMET? Why did Lud Hudgins, manager of Winterpock Farms, Winterpock, Va., decide to install the Salmet 21-day automated cage system in a converted and enlarged house of 27,000 layers and a new 45,000-layer house? "We found this equipment superior to anything else on the mar ket. Its sound construction looks like it will last. We like the feeding system especially. The traveling hoppers can feed 45,000 birds in 17 minutes. Birds are easily accessible. The three and four-deck cages provide such high density that we have 45,000 birds in a 40x300-foot house. Our cost for the building itself was 50% of that of houses using other companies' equipment. Equip ment is supported on a concrete floor and can be easily installed in older type houses. We think the belt collection system, coupled with a round slat conveyor system to the egg room--allowing eggs to be transported up a slight grade without rolling back-- results in the fewest dirties of any automated system. With the 21-day automatic cleanout system, manure stored between cages air dries down to about 50% before being removed, so we have little odor, few flies and few handling problems. We feel we are being fairly treated by Bennett Sales and Salmet personnel as far as maintenance and service are concerned." Why put up with wet manure? Salmet has a drip trough running under its water pipe and drinkers to catch any spillage. EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, 1972 Harrell Bennett Sales Inc. P.O.BOX 8716 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 37211 Telephone 615-256-4578 Telex 554 496 DSW 334020 53 STLCOPCB4080597 Age of hen affects albumen height Summary: As a hen ages, the eggs laid have a lower albumen height. The same is true as an egg ages. In the latter instance the pH has been found to increase and a close relationship with eggs from a single flock between albu men height and pH can be found. This research emphasizes that as a hen ages the eggs produced have lower pH values rather than high er values as might be suspected from the lower albumen height values. Data are presented on eggs from several sources, verify ing the validity of this observa tion. Comment: This report is further evidence that the egg is a very complex structure about which our knowledge is limited. Effect of age of hoit on albumen height end pH, by S. S. Munro (decreased). Reprints available from Basic Research Station, Hy-Line Poultry Farms, Johnston, la: 50131. Published in Poultry Science 50:1515-1518 (1971). Test tells if eggs are pasteurized Summary: An automated en zyme activity test was devised, measuring the degree of heat treat ment given chicken egg white by the pasteurization process. The test is based on measurement of para-nitrophenol released by the enzymes in egg white from p-nitrophenyl - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide before and after pasteuriza tion. The kinetics and thermtS processing parameters for thermal inactivation of the enzyme activ ity m egg white have been deter mined by use of the Technicon Auto Analyzer (35 egg samples per hour). A 60% inactivation of 54 beta - N-acetylglucosamidase activ ity upon, heating appears to be a suitable indication, that egg white has been held at an adequate timetemperature combination to meet USDA recommendations. Comment: The test should be ' useful to egg product quality con trol laboratories and to USDA in spection personnel to insure that the egg products are being given the heat treatment intended. Automation study of beta-N-acetylglucosamidase activity as an indicator for egg white pasteurisa tion, bv Linn P. Hansen, USDA Western Regional Laboratory, ARS. Albany, Calif. 94710. Published in Journal of Food Science 36:600-603 (1971). Cholesterol studied in commercial eggs Summary: The cholesterol con tent of pooled samples of eggs, 12 or more eggs per sample, was de termined for eggs produced in sev eral geographic locations. Strain and hen's age differences were al so checked. All eggs were market eggs from layers of known ages, breeds, management systems, feed sources and geographic location. The total cholesterol per egg in creased with increasing age of lay ers. This increase was due to in creased egg size as cholesterol con centration in the eggs did not change with age of hens. Eggs from broiler breeds con tained significantly more choles terol and had greater cholesterol concentration than did eggs laid by commercial layer strains. Caged layers tended to produce eggs with lower cholesterol concentrations but differences were not signifi cant at the 5% level. No differ ences were observed among com mercial layer strains or as due to geographic location or feed source. Turkey, duck and quail eggs had higher concentrations of choles terol than did chicken eggs. Comment: From these data, the chance to reduce chicken egg cholesterol significantly through breeding, feeding or management practices appears to be negligible. To market eggs more successfully we will have to shift our emphasis from such negatives as cholesterol to positive considerations of vita min,5>protein and mineral content. Cholesterol content of market eggs, by D. E. Turk and B. D. Barnett, Poultry Science Depart ment, Clemson University, Clemson. S. C. 29631. Published in Poultry Science 50:1303-1306 (1971). New instrument to check albumen Summary: An instrument was developed and is described that speeds up the measurement of egg albumen height and minimizes er rors by using electrical conductiv ity as the point of contact and a digital display made reading eas ier. One problem still not solved is the accumulation of albumen on the movable leg of the micrometer. Measurement speed was approxi mately doubled. In the instru ment described automatic transfer of readings to an automatic data recording device was not included but such an addition could he eas ily made. Comment: Anyone measuring large numbers of eggs for albu men height should investigate this improved instrument. The authors did not recognize- that a microme ter reading directly in Haugh units is on the market. It would be pos sible to get a program for a com puter to convert directly from height and weight information on eggs to Haugh units. A digital egg albumen height measurement gauge, by D. J. Buckley and W. S. Reid, Engineer ing Research Service. Research Branch. Canada Agriculture. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Published in Poultry Science 50:1326-1330 (1971). Method evaluates solids quality Summary: Egg white and whole egg solids were stored at 5, 24 and 43 degrees C. for up to four months. The flavor and aroma changes known to occur in egg Continued on page 60 EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY. 1572 DSW 334021 STLCOPCB4080598 Sustained production of more marketable eggs. Just one reason why more than 1 out of every 5 pullets housed is a ^ .^v. 7-^, v .n; r "The Businessman's Bird" STLCOPCB4080599 :Wi l *i' >- ir'-** .k#v tU-' , t.1 0;* o 1 r* s1 w i m1 "Over the past two years, we have invested in 180,000 Babcock birds. We are more than pleased with their performance. Our records show that our Babcocks not only mature early, but also start early production of large eggs. This, in conjunc tion with their high sustained rate of lay, make Babcock our bird of choice. We feel they are truly "The Businessman's Bird." We fully intend to use more and more Babcocks in our operation in the days ahead." Edward Meaker, General Manager Merchant Farms, Moreno, Calif. "For the past seven years, we have used Bab cocks exclusively in our 50,000 bird operation. j; Our records show 72% of all eggs laid grade Large with shell quality as good or better than any other breed we ever had. Feed conversion is ex cellent ... as low as 3.66 lbs. per dozen for 14 months of lay. These birds peak early and lay well f., for long periods of time. Our Babcocks consist-. ... ently make more money for us than any other bird , ' we have ever used." David S. Cross fjp R. R. 4, LaGrange, Indiana "We maintain 192,000 Babcock layers . . . plus replacements ... on our farms at all times. This - has been our practice for the past five years. Our. records show that our Babcocks have an early peak of 90%, consistent high rates of lay thati grade Large or Extra Large for more than 72% of total production. Shell quality is good and feed conversion figures are low. We just haven't found a better bird than Babcock." Bryant and Henry McRee McRee Feed Mill, Inc., Grenada, Mississippi "We have been a Babcock user for sixteen years and have a total of 32,000 layers. We market all of our eggs and our customers like the quality of our Babcock eggs. We like the extremely high production and low feed conversion we get with our Babcock birds. We believe they produce more Grade A and AA eggs per bird than any other bird we could raise." Earl A. Hudson Manorcrest Farms, Camillus, New York DSW 334023 STLCOPCB4080600 STLCOPCB4080601 '. f - f Talk to a representative from the Babcock franchised hatchery nearest you. Look at the records... and learn how Babcock Breeding can reduce your costs and give you more marketable eggs. A representative from one of our 48 U.S. franchised hatcheries will be glad to visit with you. Let him show you how Babcock gained its world-wide reputation as the breeder of `The Businessman's Bird." Let him give you the facts, show you the re cords, and work with you in developing the most profitable program foryour operation. ARIZONA ARIZONA STATE HATCHERY, INC. Tucson, Ariz. 85700 ARKANSAS BABCOCK SOUTHWEST, INC. P.O. Box 340 Searcy, Ark. 72143 CALIFORNIA INGRAM BROTHERS, INC. P.O. Box 2278 Pomona, Calif. 91766 RAINBOW FARMS 3600 E. Unwood Ave. Turlock, Calif. 95380 COLORADO MEYER BROTHERS HATCHERY 719 7th St., Greeley, Colo. 80631 FLORIDA GULF COAST HATCHERY, INC. Box 361, Quincy, Fla. 32351 HODGES POULTRY FARM. INC. P.O. Box D, Callahan, Fla. 32011 GEORGIA HARROLD'S HATCHERY, INC. Winterville, Ga. 30683 ILLINOIS GREEN HATCHERY, INC. P.O. Box 151, Carlyle, III. 62231 MIOWEST PLTY. ENTER., INC. 1116 Broadway, Box 177 ML Vernon, III. 62664 INDIANA COCHRAN HATCHERY, INC. 507 S. Wayne St., Portland, Ind. 47371 IAMBRIGHT HAT. & PLTY. FARM. INC. RR 04, La Grange, Ind. 46761 IOWA KENT HATCHERY 704 Richmond Ave. Ottumwa, Iowa 52501 NORTH IOWA HATCHERIES, INC. E. Main St., Osage, Iowa 50461 KANSAS CENTRAL KANSAS HATCHERY Box 9, Moundridge, Kan. 67107 NELSON POULTRY FARM, INC. Box 107, Morganvllle, Kan. 67468 MAINE CO-HEN EGG COMPANY Rt. 5, Dayton, Hollis Center, Maine 04042 MICHIGAN CONRAD'S PLTY. FARM & HATCH., INC. 7473 Lapeer, Goodells, Mich. 48027 MINNESOTA ALLSTATE HATCHERY Box 1016, Willmar, Minn. 56201 ANDERSON'S HATCHERY, INC. Mapleton, Minn. 56065 DR. KERR'S HATCHERIES, INC. Minneota, Minn. 56246 MISSISSIPPI BARNETT'S HATCHERY & PLTY. FARM RD 02, Box 33, Winona, Miss. 38967 MISSISSIPPI FEDERATED COOP. (AAL) 414 North St., Jackson, Miss. 39205 MISSOURI ALLEN'S HATCHERY, INC. P.O. Box 310, Windsor, Mo. 65360 KEN BALLEW HATCHERY, INC. Mansfield, Mo. 65704 * BUTLER COUNTY HATCHERY 420 Maple, Poplar Bluff, Mo. 63901 KEN-ROY HATCHERY Berger, Mo. 63014 WULFF'S HATCHERY P.O. Box 325, Jackson, Mo. 63775 NEBRASKA CLYDES HATCHERY P.D. Box 14, Adams, Neb. 66301 NEW YORK BABCOCK POULTRY FARM, INC. P.O. Box 280 Ithaca, N.Y. 14850 BATINKOFF HATCHERY Femdale, N.Y. 12734 NORTH CAROLINA BEAMSDALE FARM RD 02, Lawndale, N.C. 26090 HARROLD'S OF NORTH CAROLINA 607 S. Claiborne St. Goldsboro, N.C. 27530 OHIO THE EAGLE NEST HATCHERY CO. 119 South St. Upper Sandusky, Ohio 43351 OREGON SKYLANE HATCHERY P.O. Box 805, Mulino, Oregon 97042 WILSON'S HATCHERY RR 01, Lyons, Oregon 97358 PENNSYLVANIA BABCOCK FARMS, INC. Box 285, Lititz, Pa. 17543 THOMAS MACK & SONS West Sunbury, Pa. 16061 SOUTH CAROLINA COLUMBIA F.CX HATCHERY 1215 Wayne St., Columbia, S.C. 29201 SOUTH DAKOTA SIMPSON HATCHERY 723 N. Rowley, Mitchell, S.D. 57301 TENNESSEE PINCKARD FARM & HATCHERY Route 01, Cleveland, Tenn. 37311 RIVERSIDE HATCHERY P.O. Box 1391, Knoxville, Tenn. 37900 TEXAS ALBERS HATCHERY & FEED, INC. 509 E. Travis la Grange, Texas 78945 UTAH RIGTRUP HATCHERY Rt. 02, Spanish Fork, Utah 64660 VIRGINIA GRASSY KNOLL HATCHERY, INC. P.O. Box 1414 Charlottesville, Va. 22901 WASHINGTON BRIDGMAN'S HATCHERY Box 367, Sunnyside, Wash. 98944 WEST VIRGINIA RHODES-RIPLEY HATCHERY Ripley, W.Va. 25271 WISCONSIN PECK'S HATCHERY & PLTY. FARM RR 04. Baraboo, Wise. 53913 * DSW 334025 'Mams STLCOPCB4080602 TINY'S CORNER By DR. L. A. WILHELM, President Poultry and Egg National Board Ignorance is a dangerous thing EVERY EGGMAN, as well as ev eryone else associated with the egg business, knows exactly why egg consumption has declined since 1950, been reasonably steady since 1960, and is "about the same as" the prewar 1930's. Of course, we eat up the eggs produced! That's not what breaks egg producers. It's the price they receive for the eggs the consum ers eat! How about the homemaker's use of., and opinions about, eggs? Too much of the meager knowl edge available is based on the sam ple of one ... (my wife, my neigh bor, I know a guy who says . . .) or on research data at least 10 years old! Several private consumer studies have been made. These to our knowledge include: (1) accepta bility of carton designs and colors; (2) acceptability of some syn thetic or altered egg products; (3) acceptability of shell-less hardcooked eggs; (4) acceptability of a trademarked egg selling at a higher price and promoted. But none of these extended and updated the information brought out in the 1959 study, first pub lished in July, 1960, by the Mar ket Development Branch, Agricul tural Marketing Service, USDA. This study noted: Although eggs are used main ly as a breakfast food, 40% of in dividuals do not eat them regular ly. Most of those who do not eat eggs regularly simply don't like eggs, so when taste factors do op erate, they are negative. Homemakers view eggs pri marily as related to health, the iee INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1972 most healthful of common break fast foods. The level of energy required for activity generally governs the estimate of the size of breakfast required. A large breakfast included two eggs; a medium breakfast, one egg. If people could be convinced that they need a "good breakfast," eggs would almost automatically be included. The "morning rush" was the most important reason given for not having breakfast eggs. Most homemakers thought that "eggs are no trouble to fix --at any meal." For a small group, mostly older men and women, health fac tors operate against the use of eggs. Most who "had heard any thing lately about eggs and health" were aware of favorable informa tion. Homemakers did not report a change in the total number of eggs used per week "as compared to the past two or three years." Price was not a limiting fac tor in egg consumption. Families in the higher socio economic-educational levels were more prone toward the "small" breakfast--and fewer eggs. Remember that was 12 years ago! There are more "older men and women" now. Both the income and educational levels are higher in 1971. The "morning rush" is prob ably more intense in 1971. There are more "working mothers" em ployed outside the home. It would be doubtful if there is any homemaker today who has not heard the cholesterol story and that "eggs are bad for you." The egg industry needs to have the USDA study updated. The egg industry needs to know the opin ions of the homemakers in the 1970's. This knowledge is necessary if a turnaround in egg acceptability is to be achieved. COMING EVENTS January 12: Pennsylvania Poultry Fed eration banquet, Harrisburg, Pa. January 13-14: Western "Quickie" Sem inar, PEIA Production Division, The Admiralty, Port Ludlow, Wash. January 19: Missouri Egg Pay, Mis souri Egg Industries Ass'n, Ramada Inn, Columbia, Mo. January 23-26: Southeastern Poultry & Egg Ass'n convention and exhibition, Civic Center, Atlanta, Ga. January 26: Poultry Day, New Jersey Farmers Week (January 22-29), Nas sau Inn, Princeton, N. J. January 31-February 2: Cornell Agri cultural Waste Management Confer ence, Hotel Syracuse, Syracuse, N. Y. February 4-5: Midwestern Poultry Fed eration convention, Leamington Ho tel, Minneapolis, Minn. February 7-11: First New Zealand-held Australasian Poultry Science Con vention, Hotel Inter - Continental, Auckland, N. Z. February 8: South Dakota Poultry Ass'n, Holiday Inn, Mitchell, S. D. February 9-11: Georgia Nutrition Con ference, Marriott Motor Hotel, Atlan ta, Ga. February 21-23: Egg Grading School, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. February 29-March 1: PEIA Started Pullet Seminar, Hilton Inn, Airport, St. Louis, Mo. March 23-25: PEPA/Western Poultry Congress "Supershow '72," Town & Country Hotel, San Diego, Calif. March 29-30: Colorado Poultry Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Col lins, Colo. April 11-12: Western Poultry Disease Conference, University of California, Davis. April 12-14: PEIA Fact Finding Con ference, New Orleans, La. April 13: Sixth California Poultry Health Symposium, University of Cal ifornia, Davis. April 14-16: Georgia Poultry Federa tion spring meeting. Holiday Inn, Callaway Gardens, Ga. April 22-23: Florida Poultry Days, Flori da Poultry Federation, Disney World, Orlando, Fla. April 25-27: Poultry and Egg National Board annual meeting. Regency Hyatt House, Chicago, 111. April 26: Georgia Commercial Egg Sem inar, Gainesville, Ga. April 27: Georgia Commercial Egg Sem inar, Douglas, Ga. 59 DSW 334026 STLCOPCB4080603 DR. ATKINS ON DIET Continued from page 31 you add milk that's more carbohydrate, and when you add sugar you've really added something. If you don't have eggs, maybe you will eat Dan ish pastry or a doughnut. That, self-evidently, is much worse from any standpoint of health you could men tion. What you're really saying, if you tell people not to eat so many eggs, is to eat more carbohydrates. When you tell a person to eat more carbohydrates, you're telling his body to produce more insulin. When you have his body doing this, you're going to pro duce more heart disease than less. I propose, therefore, that America needs a new, completely revolutionary diet. We should go back to the diet of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries before we had heart disease. It's a diet very, very low in re fined carbohydrates, and which contains eggs, meat and other protein. I think the egg and poultry industry should take a much more active role, rather than accept the fact that eggs have become the community whipping boy and scapegoat. I think you should fight back. If the egg industry will sponsor some research, I can almost guarantee it will be very pleased with the results. It would find that studies will strong ly support the view that high egg consumption is, basically, an improvement over the diet we eat today. Just see what other industries are doing. The sugar industry has no difficulty in promoting its prod ucts and it has a product that, I think, is in the same position the tobacco industry was in 20 years ago: knowing they have a killer substance and trying to cover it up. They have done an effective job. Yet, the egg industry, with a very beneficial, nutritious substance--a wonderful product--is taking a beating because it is not fighting back. SELL MORE EGGS Continued from page 44 by side with bacon or ham. Pro mote them together, such as "Ba con and eggs for six--only $1.25." END DISCOUNTING --Rather than reduce price, egg suppliers should offer "advertising incen tives" to retailers to advertise eggs in their food page ads. Discount ing frequently is passed on to con sumers in lower prices, yet does not increase number of eggs sold or gross profits. It costs egg sup plier money without moving prod uct. OKLAHOMA Egg Council partici pated in a booth at the Oklahoma Food and Fiber Show at the Tulsa State Fair. In a drawing, Mrs. Jean Stem, of Tulsa, was the winner of one dozen eggs per week, present ed by the egg council. OEC also participated in egg promotions with booths at the Oklahoma Res taurant Ass'n convention, Retail Grocers convention and the state school lunch convention. TAPE RECORDING of cackling hen, played back at egg display, 60 attracts attention and increases volume of sales and profits. VARIED PACKS--Offer the con sumer half-dozen sizes, plus two and three-dozen packs. This could be tied in with mass displays of loose eggs in "pick your own" manner. RESEARCH DIGEST Continued from page 54 solids during storage could be followed by using the gas-liquid chromatogram. Changes in car bonyl and free fatty acids were related to loss in functional and flavor attributes of the egg prod ucts. As the carbonyl content of the products increased, cake vol ume decreased. The carbonyl con tent maximum limit on egg white solids was 100 p.p.m. and on whole egg solids was 1,200 p.p.m. Comment: In those laboratories equipped with gas-liquid chroma tography, the equipment can be utilized to give objective methods for egg solids quality evaluation. Uit ef gat-liquid chromatography for quality valuation of dry agg products, by K. Lorenz and J. Maqa, Department of Food Science and Nutri tion, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. 80521. Published in Journal of Food Science 36: 936-739 (1971). DSW 334027 Exhibit seminar A SEMINAR for poultry industry exhibitors will be held March 1 at Statler Hilton Hotel, 401 Seventh Ave., New York City, from 1 to 6 p.m. Sponsored by Northeastern Poultry Producers Council, it was postponed from November 30. Robert Letwin will conduct the seminar on subjects such as estab- lishing exhibit objectives and eval uating results, designing exhibits and training personnel to achieve objectives, and pre-show attend ance promotions. To enroll, contact NEPPCO, 322 Oxford Valley Rd., Fairless Hills, Pa. 19030. Some taxes due "OFF THE FARM" hatcheries must pay federal unemployment tax, effective January 1, 1972, ac- cording to the Internal Revenue Service. Such hatcheries are inter preted to be those that do not fall under the "agricultural labor" exemption as outlined in Section 3306 of the Employment Amend ments of 1970. Affected hatcheries must pay the tax on the first $4,200 earned by each employee in 1972 and subse quent years. EGG INDUSTRY/JANUARY, 1172 ' " . STLCOPCB4080604 We believe DEKALB birds will lay 15% more eggs for you in tneir last three months. And more marketable eggs over all. That's because our birds are bred for high, sustained lay. Records from 191 DeKalb flocks across the country show an average of 271 eggs laid per hen.* This average is achieved, not by an early peak followed by a sharp drop, but by maintaining high pro duction over the entire length of lay. In the 13th month of production (72 weeks of age), DeKalb birds are bred to lay at 60% and to continue a high rate of lay to the end of the cycle. The result: 15% more eggs in the last 3 months. Ask for the facts about DeKalb layers, bred to convert feed efficiently into highly marketable eggs -- and more of them. Seeing is believing. *Hen-day basis DEKALB BREEDS SUCCESS 66 INDUSTRY /JANUARY, 1972 osVJ 334028 vi STLCOPCB4080605 ol high production. Neo*Terramycln also . works in the ration as an effective disease control and preventative against EQUIPMENT/SERVICES UNVEILING of the Inline Conditioning Tower, man ufactured by FMC Corp., will take place at the Jan- ~ uary Southeastern Convention, Atlanta, Ga. Live *** action equipment and action-filled audio visual " presentation of the FMC 463 will attract visitors to witness a blanket of eggs rising above the booth toward the ceiling. The 800-square-foot display has twin towers, 18 feet high, demonstrating continuous flow egg cooling and albumin clearing. A&P COOP CO. has announced a new poultry coop that combines advantages of seasoned hardwood and a super tough plastic. Named the Gray Eagle for the color of its two exterior coat ings of gray plastic, it is constructed of seasoned oak. It does not absorb moisture and may be cleaned with steam or high - pressure water. Write the company at 103 Gee St., Jonesboro, Ark. 72401. GALLIMYCIN Feed Grade products on a 20-gm. continuous level for layers have received federal approval, accord ing to the Agricultural and Veterinary Products Division of Abbott Labora tories, Abbott Park, North Chicago, 111. 60064. The clearance allows Gallimycin, an antibiotic feed additive, to be used continuously, rather than intermittent ly, as aid to increasing egg production and feed efficiency. COMPACT AUTOMATIC blood detector, shown above, and a plastic flats washer are two new products that will high light the Diamond Systems display at the SEPEA exhibit in Atlanta, January 23-26. The blood detector can be added to an existing line without disturbing the setup. It accepts eggs on a 12 or 6 wide basis and detection is achieved through use of one simple set of printed circuit electronics. The washer with self-contained hot water heating system can be installed as part of the VariSpread loader operation or operated in dependently out of line. 64 AUTOMATIC, directional radiant heat ers have been introduced by Kalglo Electronics Co., 901 Tilghman St., Al lentown, Pa. 18102. Capable of han dling up to 32 KW of heating, the spe cially designed heaters can be cleaned with a hose. The company says the heating system is applicable for chick brooding, in cages or on the floor. Solidstate circuitry in the controllers are said to result in power savings up to 45%. ANTIBIOTIC to prevent and treat a broad spectrum of poultry diseases is available for use in feed mix from Vineland Laboratories, 2285 E. Landis Ave., Vineland, N. J. 08360. Called Vi-Mycin Feed Premix-50, the formula tion helps control chronic respiratory disease complex, blue comb and syno vitis in chickens. It is also available in powder form for use in drinking water. METHOGEN, an effective treatment to overcome noxious odors and ammonia resulting from poultry breeding and growing, is available from Vineland Laboratories, 2265 E. Landis Ave., Vine land, N. J. 08360. Vineland also has a product called Sani-Squad, a powder dis infectant which is said to destroy dis ease organisms such as Marek's, Gumboro, fowl pox, laryngotracheitis, New castle and bronchitis. HI-BRON BLEN vaccine, an effective aid in control of bronchitis and New castle disease, has been announced by the Agricultural and Veterinary Prod ucts Division of Abbott Laboratories. Intended for vaccination of broilers and replacement pullets already possessing a high parental immunity, Hi - Bron works to insure positive immunity by overriding parental immunity. EMERGENCY POWER STATION is a module unit in a prefabricated build ing completely assembled at Winpower Mfg. Co., Newton, la. 50208. No local technicians are needed to assemble and wire up components. The company claims more precision, lower total cost, better efficiency and longer life. California hit by `hot' strain THE FEAR that the dreaded, "hot strain" Asiatic Newcastle disease might spread to commercial poul try flocks became a reality in Cali fornia in mid-December. Previous ly, the highly viscerotropic, velogenic disease had been confined to commercial flocks in the western Texas-New Mexico area and to a few imported pet birds. A 33-square-mile area near Fon tana, Calif., containing up to two million birds, was quarantined after an outbreak on a pullet farm. After 8,000 of 22,000 pullets died by 10 weeks of age, state and fed eral agencies ordered the remain ing birds destroyed and buried on the premises. The birds had been vaccinated for Newcastle at four weeks. This outbreak followed the wip ing out of a hobbyist flock nearby where only three of 100 birds sur vived. In the desert area around Lancaster in Los Angeles County, 4,000of 12,000 fryer chickens died by eight weeks and the remainder were also destroyed and buried. Flockowrters were partially ir demnified for losses by state a\.i federal funds. These ranches were ordered cleaned and disinfected and no poultry will be allowed on them for 30 days. Feed mills, not wanting to be implicated in spread of the highly contagious disease, were washing and disinfecting trucks. When this issue went to press, more serious outbreaks were feared. A flock was reported to be affected halfway between the de stroyed pullet flock and an Olson Farms' operation, one and a half miles away, which contains 280,000 layers. Poultrymen in the area were urged to revaccinate all birds with the Bj Newcastle strain. Re strictions were being drafted in Washington to prohibit importa tion of exotic birds. USDA had already withdrawn import permits for chickens, turkeys, pigeons, etc., from 22 countries. EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, 1972 DSW 334030 I I STLCOPCB4080607 ON THE MOVE Parrett Gerig OLIN K. PARRETT appointed sales representative for Vineland Laborato ries, Vineland, N. J. He was formerly Midwest and Southeast manager for Dawe's Labs. PHILIP GERIG named administrative assistant for Poultry Division, DeKalb AgResearch, DeKalb, 111. JOHN BERGDOLL named vice-presi dent of sales, Colonial Metals, Inc., In dianapolis, Ind. He was formerly in sales with Anderson Box Co. DR. GARY WALTERS promoted to newly created position of poultry sales and service manager for Hy-Line Poul try Farms, Des Moines, la. He was formerly Hy-Line customer service man ager. CAROLYN GODMAN named consultant in nutrition and economics for Purnell's Pride, Tupelo, Miss., integrated produc tion - processing - distribution firm for chicken and eggs. WENDELL LANGFORD promoted from production manager to vice-president and general manager of Babcock South west, Searcy, Ark., a subsidiary of Bab cock Industries, Ithaca, N. Y. WALLACE M. LEROY joined sales staff of Molded Products Division, Pack aging Corp. of America, 1603 Orrington Ave., Evanston, III. 60204. He will represent the company in New England and the eastern two-thirds of New York. GILBERT B. ECKHOFF joined Henningsen Foods, White Plains, N. Y., as director of purchasing. He will be headquartered at the firm's Oma ha, Neb., office. DWAIN ANDERECK promoted to dis trict sales manager, South Central states, for Molded Products Division, Packaging Corp. of America. GARY BOWEN named general manager of Southwestern Egg Producers, River side, Calif. EGG INDUSTRY/ JANUARY, 1972 3MARKET PLACE Undlsplayed classified, 25c per word ner month. Minimum charge $3.75 Business Opportunities Haynes Van Leer ROBERT L. HAYNES named poultryman with Cooperative Extension Ser vice, Mississippi State University. He received his Ph.D. at MSU in animal physiology, and was manager ot hatch ery and breeder program for MFC Ser vices, Jackson, Miss. HANS VAN LEER named production farms manager at Babcock Poultry Farm, Ithaca, N. Y. Most recently he was general manager of Arbor Acres Farm, Williamstown, Mass. . $650 DAILY INCOME from egg factory with 45,000-hen capacity and estab lished egg routes. Business can be pur chased with or without additional hous ing space for 15,000 hens, 50 acres of land, full set of farm buildings, includ ing frame home and two mobile homes. Owner is retiring. For additional in formation, call or write: Fred A. Rich ards, of "Red" Howell Assoc., Inc., 3227 S. Calhoun, Fort Wayne, Ind. 46807. Telephone 219-744-1165. For Sole EGG CARTONS from Agway. Your egg quality deserves cartons that sell. Agway has a broad selection of pack age style, tailored and personalized to meet your market demands. Sturdy de sign minimizes breakage. When you think egg cartons, think Agway. Call your nearest Agway store or write Ag way Inc., Box 1333, Syracuse, N. Y. 13201, attention: B. R. Thompson. ONE 60-case-per-hour fully automatic FMC egg grader. We have outgrown this unit and have bought new larger machines. Available after January 15, 1972. Sunnylea Foods Ltd., Box 38, Grimsby, Ont., Canada. 416-945-5625. BRIEFLY... ELECTED: Lionel Grise as president of Northeast Egg Marketing Ass'n. Oth er officers are: Maurice Stein, first vice-president; Donald Horn, second vice-president; Mike Hirth, treasurer, and Frank Reed, secretary. Ray Delano, manager, said NEEMA now represents 15 million layers in the Northeast and sent $121,000 as its share of support to United Egg Producers in the past year. ELECTED: Jim Hanna, Alexandria, as president of Poultry Industries of Louisiana. Albin Johnson, Alexandria, is vice-president and Dr. Harry Hatha way, Baton Rouge, secretary-treasurer. Neil Hungerford, Lake Charles, was named to the Louisiana Egg Council. ELECTED: Elroy Koester, Stover, as president of Missouri Poultry Improve ment Ass'n. Herbert Steinbrueck, Troy, is vice-president; Harriet Rimmer, sec retary-treasurer, and Ken Ballew, offi cial state agency chairman. ELECTED: Allen Ashcraft, FCX Egg Service, Charlotte, as president of the North Carolina Egg Marketing Ass'n. Other officers are Bob Domick, Sunnyside Eggs, Greenville, vice-president, and Joe Davis, Davis Hatchery, Earl, secretary-treasurer. Help Wanted EGG PROCESSING plant manager for new, completely in-line plant han dling 8,000 cases shell eggs per week. Must be experienced in managing peo ple and handling volume product. Mid west location offering growth oppor tunity. Send resume and expected salary in first letter. Box 15, Egg In dustry, Sea Isle City, N. J. 08243. POSITION AVAILABLE--Manager for plant processing 5,000 to 6,000 cases cartoned eggs weekly; also small mech anized liquid egg department. Must be experienced in the use of mechanized grading equipment, sales and handling people. Location Northeast. Send re sume and salary expected first letter, Box 6, Egg Industry, Sea Isle City, N. J. 08243. Lease--Sell--Merge---Trade GRAVITY FLOW bulk feed plant/150ton daily capacity. Built 1963. 50 x 200 Butler Gold building dock high. 300-ton overhead storage 18 bins square comer draw. 20,000-bushel grain stor age 5-bin. Two 3,000-bushel-per-hour elevators. Two vertical 2-ton mixers. One horizontal 3-ton mixer. Two J. B. Sedberry hammermills. One 10x36 Ross roller mill. 50-ton truck scale. Fork lift and pallets. 14% acres on U. S. 71 Highway and Missouri-Pacific R. R. Will finance. $250,000. Phone 417-358 2205. Ardell Moore, P. O. Box 526, Carthage, Mo. 64836. MUeellaaeou ORGANIC DIGESTERS -- Ded-Brd for sanitary disposal of dead, diseased poultry. HPD litter treatment elimi nates ammonia, controls odor, dries litter. Write for literature. Ryter Or ganics Madelia, Minn. 56062. 65 DSW 334031 STLCOPCB4080608 EDITORIAL COMMENT PENB sinking--we need it more than ever Most of us in the egg industry and allied fields would be shocked if we woke up some morning to learn that there was no more Poultry and Egg National Board. This is nearer to reality than all but a few realize. In December, PENB was within a few weeks of not being able to meet its small payroll. It is ironic that, at a time when the industry seems to be waking up to the vital need of promotion, its only promotional arm should be the victim of such blatant neglect. The position of PENB, never blessed with more than a token budget and charged with the task of competing with other food products and commodities with hundreds of times as much money to spend, has worsened over the past two years. There are several reasons. One, promotional money has been channeled into groups outside PENB. These organizations (such as the National Commission on Egg Nutrition, see story on page 50) are undoubtedly performing im portant services for the industry. But there is no question that money contributed to them means that some funds are siphoned off that would have gone to PENB. Two, many organizations which formerly checked off funds to PENB discontinued doing so when they joined United Egg Producers because they were assured UEP would contribute enough to PENB to make up the difference. Unfortunately, it hasn't worked that way. Even before UEP spent itself broke with diversions and in futures trading this fall, its payments to PENB were usually well behind schedule. It is difficult to plan any meaningful programs if income is sporadic, at best. UEP agreed to contribute 10% of its income to PENB, which constitutes about nearly a third of what PENB receives. UEP's losses in September left it unable to help PENB much in its present plight. It did manage to send a $5,000 check in December to help PENB meet current expenses of payroll and rent. At an executive committee meeting of both organizations, UEP agreed to send more money in January. But it will still be well behind the agreed payment schedule and in its present condition may not be able to catch up. Organizations in UEP which thought a portion 66 of its checkoff to the regional co-op was being tun neled direct to PENB are understandably concerned. This is no time, in our opinion, to point fingers of blame at one group or another. PENB's talented staff and contacts in the communications field are much too valuable to be lost to the industry. Some thing must be done immediately to see that this does not happen. We suggest that the solution may lie in combin ing all the independent efforts at promotion and research under a reorganized and expanded PENB. This might mean hiring of a financially oriented general manager who would coordinate all fund raising programs, manage the business end of PENB and leave its present staff free to pursue its promo tional projects with no worry about finances. Dr. L. A. Wilhelm, an accomplished public speaker and a walking library of industry knowledge, could devote his full energies toward promotional activities. Howard Helmer, PENB's widely respected Eastern representative whose contacts with magazine and TV editors in New York are invaluable, and Pat Myles, recognized for building the image of eggs be fore home economists and the public, must not be lost to the industry. Such an organizational setup would also leave Charles Mealor free to work on get ting the EGGSERT (carton insert) program in opera tion. It has the potential of providing much needed income for PENB. This enlarged organization should, presumably, be able to carry out the activities now under way by the nutrition commission and by the allied industry group which is preparing radio and TV promotionals. They could continue with the same members and objectives. These two groups are performing vital, much-needed functions that no one else was doing. But if they came under the umbrella of a single or ganization, there should be better coordination of efforts with no overlapping. Regardless of whether such a proposal is feasible or whether another one would be better, something should be done soon. If PENB closed up shop, it would leave a tragic void. It might indicate that the egg industry, itself, has decided to give up and ac cept a dwindling share of the market as inevitable. ...................................... EGG INDUSTRY / JANUARY, 1972 DSW 334032 STLCOPCB4080609 1 AUTOMATIC "^J[gSSSS&Tl denesters GRADING CONVEYOR CANDLING booth JWIN d*YEr S ,J CASE HANDLING CONVEYORS c^ ^\C 1 selective ^OR1 0,LER Piece them together to get the quality system The FMC 463 System provides all of the above units in a single integrated system. Fully automatic -- no hand packing. Save yourself the job of selecting and piecing together these components. Call Dave Copple, Product Manager, for a quick check on the FMC 463 Egg Handling Sys tem. Telephone (714) 684-3400. -the FMC 463! PuWng Weas to Work [ft T EGG HANDLING \4mn\ SYSTEMS \llllb | FMC CORPORATION /RIVERSIDE DIVISION 3075 Fourteenth Street; Riverside, California 92502 SEE US "WHERE THE ACTION IS" SOUTHEASTERN CONVENTION, ATLANTA D S\N 334033 STLCOPCB4080610 Pilot Oyster Shell increases hens'calcium level by 13.5% r i i i i L. Before you decide on your hens' laying rations, look into what Pilot Oyster Shell can offer. For one thing, tests show that the average daily serum calcium level for hens receiving calcium from limestone only is 27.6 mg. percent. But hens receiving oyster shell reach an average of 31.2 mg. percent--an increase of 13.5%. What's more, we can show you how to improve shell thickness, breaking strength, shell weight, percent shell and egg size; feed efficiency; hen mortality rates; water content of droppings. We'll send you our brochure, if you'll just fill in the coupon. There's no obligation, except to make an informed decision. And that, you'll find, includes Pilot Oyster Shell. Breaks going against you? Send for The Stopper. Gentlemen: Please send me your brochure. Name_______________ ,____________________ Title, Company. Address_______ City___________ -State. -Zip- Average number of layers . Oyster Shell Products Company P O. Bo* 122S, Mobile. Alabama 36601 Shipping point* Baltimore. Mobile. Houston. DIVISION OF SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES CORPORATION <> DSW 1 I I I I STLCOPCB4080611