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FILE NAME: Exxon (EXX) DATE: 1962 May DOC#: EXX059 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Editorial, Robert E. Eckhardt Cancer Research Volume 22 CANCER RESEARCH MAY 1962 N umber 4 Environmental Carcinogenesis: Guest Editorial Robert E. Eckardt (60 Bell Drive, Westfield, New Jersey) theTmheorset cparnesbsiengnoprdoebnleyminsgotfhtehefaccatntcheartinovneestoif offer the hope for a solution to the problem of cancer, whether they be related to the control of gaantdoritiss trheelaptrioonbslehmipotfoexepnevriirmonenmtaenl ctaalrccinanocgeernsesiins pinrfoebclteiomu.sOdnieseoafsethoerfitrhset thsoinlugtsiowneohfavaenyleaortnheedr tlihtetleheufmfoarnt .haOsvbeerenthdeevpoatsetd dtoectahdee setnutdiyreolyf tthoios about the control of infectious diseases is that it is not necessary to live in a germ-free world. In fact, vHiutaelpqerue(s4t)iohna. sItpirsepnaortesdurfoprristihnigs, stohceireetfyorae,mthoastt tnhoet oovnelrywishetlhmisinngowt peirgahcttiocfale,vbiduetnictemsuagygnesottsetvheant jinectet.reIsftiintgs paunrdpopsreovwoacsattiovestiamrtuiclaleteoanndtheisxpsaunbd gbeerdme-sfirreaebelen.vAirnoinmmaelnstw, ahlitchhouhgahvelabregeenr arneadrleodnginera- ritesiesarucnhfoirntutnhaetefietlhdaot,f icnartchiinsorgeeandicerm's eocphiannioisnm, sit, laitvmedostphhaenret,hoasree rheiagrheldy insutshceepntiobrlme atlogoerrmga-nlaisdmens ffieclliesnocyfalriesshionrtitosfliatcskoobfjecclteiavre.oIbtjsecptrivinecsipfaolr dree thaTthoethperowssiisbeiltihtyeyolefartnhetoelxivisetewnicteh. of biologic Isetairscvhitoarl athcatitonantyoongeuiwdehothuendcaerntcaekreisnrveessetaigrcahtoirn. acadracpintaotgieonns thoasnabteuernalalyckoncocwurlerdinggeden(v4i)r,obnumteinttaisl ecnarvcirinoongmenenictaml eccahnacnerissmins tahnedhtuhmeiranrerleactoiognnsihzeipthtoe mindaiunsttariinalederathhatavteheallcabreceinnoginetnrsodoufcethdedmuroidnegrna csiommpplelexenitoieusghantdo epxiptfoaslelsanoifmathlsisbysuobnjeecrt.ouItet oirs pfreormiodthoef atrfuetwh.deBceandzeps.yrNeontehianngdcoouthlderbepofulyrathreor another to various chemicals and then sit back and await the development of tumors. If tumors mgraotuipc hoyfdreoncvairrboonnmse, nptoaslsicbalryctinhoegmenoss,t hsaigvneifibceaennt dsteuvdeylopisipnrtohcelaseimaendimaalcsa,rtchinenogtehne, cahnedmtihcaelwuonrdledr, fwiriet,h amnadnpsoisnsciebltyheevfeirnstbceafovreemthanatli(t1a, 3p)r.imCihtirvoe amnadtteinr opfawrtiisceulparrecianudtuiostnryto, iesxcaldumdeoansisfhaerdas"apsosa mtuariteess. aDnydesothhaervembeeteanlsuhsaevdesibneceenbuesfeodrefothrecerne sLibiklee"bethinigs ochppemosiecdaltforosimn,tiht eiseanvvierroynsmimenptleomf matatenr. vcoergdeetadbhleistoorriygionf, mwaerne. Mchaenmyicoaflltyhessiem, ialaltrhotougshynof ctoinboegeonpspoinsedthteo etnhveirinocnlmuseinont ooff umnanne.ceTsshaerrye caarre tehlaesttiocmdeyress.hPalvaestibceseannfdouotnhderinnaatrucrhaelolyloogciccaulrrdinisg fneowunpceeopolpeewnlhyotwhaotultdhehyavaerethien tfeamvoerritoyf teoitphreor. scuobvestraiensceosf saimnciliaenrttociavmiliiznaottiroinaszo(l6e,).wThhicyhroctaruospeidc rYeefetrwenhceen, iotnies bneogtinsos teoaseyxatomianrerivoenea'st cteornmcespotsf tlyhe icnranrbuetarrbyagfuarsorannodt soothloenrg apglaon, tosc.cuErvneanturtahle thaWt aerecaangraeelld atogrbeey ethveartyoitnei.s appropriate and plehsostom-roegachtaiovne purnoddouucbtsteodflyprbeeseennti-ndatyheLoesnvAirnogne timely to turn to any scientific principles which ment since before recorded history (3). It is im 395 396 Cancer Research Vol. 22, May 1962 pacocrotamnptlitsoherdembeymobuerrmthodaetrmn uincdhuostfrwiahl aetraishabseirneg msueltnetdoffrwomaysa asntdudmyeoafnsnoaftudroeinagndrapthidelydeavnedloopn amignruatnedscsaclael.e what nature does slowly and on a Like the definition of sin, the definition of a cmaerncitnaol gceanncwehr icphrohbalesmsigisnnifoictaannceetaosythoenee.nIvtirhonas btiesesnuesparorepossueidtabblye usnodmeer atlhl actirctuhme stsaunbcceustafonreothues steidsetirntghiosfprcoaprcoisnitoigoenniensitsh. eIltigihstnoefceevsisdaernycetowhcoicnh swahyesnthinajtecctoedbaslut,bscuugtaanr,eocuhsollyesoterrionlt,raamnduspclualsatriclys,, cbauutsaelssoaracnomesasse.nCtioabl aelltemisennto,tboeninlyg aa ccaorncsitnitougeennt, pofrotdhuecevditafmroimn Bth12e msuobleccuutlaen.eSoaurscoimmpalsanwthaitciohnaoref plastics do not appear if the size of the plastic is bpeulnocwheadcriniticita,l voraluife,tihfethpelapsltaicstiicsshinetertohdauscehdoleins pthoewdsuerrefadcefoorfmt,hbeuptlamstaicy iisncfriresatseroiunghneudmubperbiyf smaantdeirniga.ls Careertacianrlcyi,noogneens,cainnntohte dsetrniyct tdheaftinistuiocnh osifgnthifeictaenrcme, dboutththeeseimopboserrtavnattioqnusesthiaovneist,owhenat ovfirteonnmleefnt twalithcatnhceerrseaidnermtahna.t tThheeseimmaptleicraiatilosn"aiss a matter of wise precaution (be excluded) as far as possible from the environment of man." Does this mean that cobalt should be excluded from the diet sohfomuladnn, ootrboenilnyjetchteadt smubetcaultliacnepoouwsldyeriendtocmobaanl?t Dwroaepsptihnigs mmeaatnertihaal tfpolrasftoicosd,shooruldonnloyt btheautsetdheays sshuobuculdtanneootubseorimopthlaenrtemdesaesntesorliicdtisshsueeetss oifnmtahne sweiqtuheonuctesc?arTefhuel qcuoensstiidoenr,atthioenreofofrteh,eispnoosstiwblheecthoenr tuhseedsufobrctuetsatninegoucsartcisinsuoegsensehsoisu,ldbuotrrashthoeurldhonwotwbilel tthhee irnetseurlptsreotfatsiuocnhotfetshtiensgigbneifiicnatenrcperoeftesdu?bcIuttaisnien toauls ctaenstcienrgs tion tmhaenwthhoalet pthroebmlemeatoyf eannvdirdoinffmiceunlt pbryobsilmempslyliaev.oTidhinesgeapdroisbcluesmsisoncaonfntohtembe. avoided Later, Hueper (4) briefly touches upon another d"itshteresaspinpgarvenotidininaboiluitry konfowalecdhgeemwichael ngihveensabyys mdooeusthntoot prjuodstuicfye cathnecercsoinnceluxspieornimtehnatatl asnuicmhalas tchhuems iicsanl odtoeas dnioettaerxyerctasruccinhoagnene.f"feTcthien rmeaadnearnids hleifmt wonitlhy aton cuonnifnutseiropnr.eAterde swtae,teimn eonrdtewr htoichbelesaudres aanble"etpoidaemn icin-ldikisecroicmcuinrarteencdeeocfisicoanncmerasdaettr1i0b-u3t0 yZeianrjasnatghor"opwuisll n(5o)t omcacnu?r, tCoerretatuinrlny,tohtihseewnvaiyrsonof amnednpt rcoobnatbaliyneledsslceassrcicnaorgceinnosgtehnasn tahnaynsuocucreeodwinng, sgeernieoruastliyonbeloifevemathn.at Ucnivdioliuzabttieodnly,shofeuwld preetouprlne ptoratchtiicsalearrulileers sotantew. hIifchnowt,ethaerne wtohagtuiadree othuer cmiveinlitz?aPtieornhcaopnscwerenicnagncaatrtceimnopgtentos ienstoaubrlieshnvairfoenw pgrroauctnicdalr.ules which will be applicable, as well as carFciirnsotg,enwiec mneecehdanviassmtlsy. Wexepnaeneddedto rceosmeapracrhe,oinn statistically significant numbers of animals, the re stiuelstsoofbtcaairnceidnobgyenasdmbyinidstifefreirnegntdirffoeurteenst--qouraanlltyi, sbulabdcduetarnimeopulsalny,tatbioyn, sokrionthperairnotuintegs,. Tinhheaelxaptieorni, mspeencitessn, ewedithtocboemcpoonudnudcsteidnownhaicvhartiheteysotfatainstimicaall eapniddeamcioleloagri-ccudtantaegsahtoivwe bcootrhrealactlieoanr-wcuitthpocasintciveer npereoddsucattiolneasint tomaeqn.uaTl htheaetfnfoorwt bineinthgisdedviorteecdtiotno cancer chemotherapy screening. It is probable ftihrastt saigtnliefaicsatn1t0obyesearrvsawtiiolnl sbewirlelqauriirseedoubtefoofrethtehsee expSeerciomnedn,tsw. e need a vastly expanded program of bepeidceomnidoulocgteicdalinstuinddieusstirny,mwanh.erTehetshee ceoxupldosubreesst fcoorutldhebceommpealestuiornedofwliotnhga-tcecrumrapcryosapnedctsiovme setuhdoipees yexeaisrtss--. Tpehrehsaepsstu2d0ieosr wmiollrel--ikeawnidsewrilelqrueirqeuirmeainny vestigators cognizant of the statistical-epidemio lcoogmicplaeptipornoaocfh,thbeuirt pstautdieinest ebneofourgeh dtroawawinagitctohne ctoluessiotanbs.lisIhf caodndciltuiosnioanlss, ttuhdeny tohresteimmeuisst nbeecuenssdaerry ttahkeefnacqtsu,iertalythearndthwanithretmheonisntrteantitngofwdiethvelionpdiunsg tfraicatls.mUanntaigl etmheendtastaoraprehycsliecaira-ncsutfoarndwiathshooluldtiinong has been found--i.e., either control of the ma ptearpiaerl so, rcoitnsgreelismsiionnaatliocno--mmpuitbteliecsi,tyorthotrhoeurgthypneeswosf unsoenfsuclieonbtjieficctivree.leNaseews cleaandshodpeevetloopaecdcoinmtphliisshwanyo gshraomulsdoubtelininedcoirnpothraetefidrstinotbojectthieve.research pro I Eckardt--Guest Editorial 397 Third, until such time as our knowledge in this field has been vastly increased by the above sptruadciteicsa, l,onuorteafsfofartr asshpoouslsdibblee, etxopolismuriet,toascafracrinaos gens by routes in man which the available experi mental evidence in animals by comparable routes saugmgaestetsrimaligthhtaptrepsreondtuacheaszamrdaltigonmananci.eNs aatutrasiltleys, dbeisetavnatlufarotemd tdhieffesriteenotlfyafnroamdmmiantiestreiarelsdwdhoiscehmpurost dtiuocne. mInalaigdndainticoines, omnaltyeraitaltshtehsaitteporfodaudcmeinaisptrrao faucseitoynlaomf itnuomflourosreinnea, vmaurisettybeoefvsapleucaietes,dsduicfhferaesn2t- layl tfurommormiantoerniealosrwthwiochsppercoidesu.cIenoontlhyearnwoocrcdass,itohne taotetdalinavtearilmabsloefasnigimniafilcdaantcae minuclsut dbiencgatreecfhunlloyloevgaiclual contribution, and not simply listed or enumerated. If such interim decisions are reached in good faith, with neither hysterical over-concern or complacent under-concern, there is little likelihood that an epidemic-like occurrence of cancers will result in 10-30 years. A reasonable position in this situation has been wmealnl dexapcreerstsiefdiedbvyerDduicbtoosf (s2a)f,etwyhboefsoaryesac"cTeoptidneg asunlteiwn pteacrhanlyosliosgoicfatlheinencoovnaotmioinc awnodultdecchlneoalrolygicrael progress," and "A society that does not continue ctohagnrcoews tishrnooutglhikaedlyvetnotsuurrevaivnedlwonilgliningnthesesmtoodtaekrne fwieolrdlsd,.soWciietthy mreugsatrbde twoillhinegalttohtaakse ttohe aeldlucoathteedr acinvdilizcaatlicounl.atTeoddaryis,kass iinnhtehreenptasitn, wteilclhinngonleosgsictaol take risks is a condition of biological success." REFERENCES 1. Blumer, M. Benzpyrenes in Soil. Science, 134:474-75 2. D19u6b1o. s, R. Man vs. Environment. Ind. Med. & Surg., 30: 3. 3G6e9r-a73r,d1e9, 6H1.. W., and Gerarde, D. F. The Ubiquitous Hy drocarbons. Assoc. Food & Drug Officials U.S., Quart. Bull, 4. H(inueppreesrs,).W. C. Environmental Carcinogenesis and Can 5. Lceeras.kCeya,ncLe.r Research, 21:842-57, 1961. S. B. Exploring 1,750,000 Years into Man's Past. National Geographic, 120:564-89, 1961. 6. LHiutntlt einhathleesD, eBe.pInPtaost.thNeatWioenlal loGf eSoagcrraifpihceic., I1I2. 0T:5r5ea0s-u6r1e, 1961.