Document 1gyvxj9RQKgLZM2dj7VnxZ56o

HBBBUP LIA15997 ,E , "r t I i -it mp.; t r fCR RELEASE ROT EARLXEI TBAI 4 P.H. Ihureday, April 89,196? XUK RESEARCH FCRMPIA FOR BQXBISX R0GRES8 bj -. ^ - .,^~v - . 8chx*de r. ftedthe. Director >n--....... .. nfURSAIXOBAX, liAD ZHC RESEARCH CFOAEUATICH 292 Marti,o b Avenue , Rev Tor* 17, R. X. A. 9 ability to plan ahead is perhaps the most fcqnrtant executive function la directing an industry or a corporation and contributes aoet to ultimate success. Unfortunately, it is also the greatest intangible vben blueprinting an Industry progrsn. But In today's burgeoning technology, adequate planning la the oatalyrt for progress or even survival. It bas lost Its vlsloaery connotation} Instead It Is a necessary Ingredient la day-to-day annagwasnt. Industry planning requires a careful, painstaking atudy of many factors and critical self-evaluation. Ore planner Bust take Into account tha present and future state of the industry based on its strengths and veakaesees. these Involve the technical capabilities of the product, potential nev developments, aarkatlag programs, even tha aental attitude of personnel. Ibis same evaluation nuet ba applied to the eccqjetitloc to chart probable loxg range ecooonlc poaltlona and threata. It la here that the true ability to plan ahead can be introduced to Improve the industry for the future. It la sot aluays --gh that the financial position of the industry progresses. With effective plaanlig this Injuniimt Bust be related to changes In both tha econcny and the competition. It aunt also contain a large alanent of technical advancement for protection against the future. (Presented at the 47th Annual Meetly of the American line Institute, Xnc. Chicago, Illinois, April 69, 196?) mrntm LIA15998 aajor contribution vlll be In alloy developments. Better alloys provide iaproved eeatabillty, physical properties, and snootbar surfaces for subsequent finishing and plating operation*, taaak 7 1* considered by many to b* a valuable alloy with improved eastablllty and finish; charactarlstles which yield eooumlaa through higher production rates and reduced finishing costs. Tor oertala appli cations, particularly In those subject to elevated tsnperstures, sine euffeia fraa deforaatlon under load. A portion of our research progf Is devoted to developing die casting alloys with Iaproved creep resistance. Crlglnally developed as a trojd alloy, the zinc-copper-tltanlus alloy, with oertala nodl- floatloca, is shewing Iaproved perfcmance In this vital area. Bsrmias cf sine's overall excellent eastablllty, plus this iaprovanent la creep, we believe thet a portion of the nerket we here lost In oertala areas can be repined. A critical portion of the die cestlag operation lesthe design of resting dies. Xn e Joint prograa with the Anerleen Toundryaen's Society feaialag and search Institute end the Die Casting Research foundation of tbs Jteerloan Us Castle Institute, ea excellent study has been conducted to evaluete nets! floe characteristics In die casting dies sod the proper design of gates. This study, which has resulted In en excellent notion picture fila will, we believe, be a significant contribution to the file dealgner. It should serve as a practical guide fer better die design with subsequent lnnnovsnte in physical propertlaa and surface finishes of die cast ccnyonanta. Tinted water was Introduced into transparent plastic dies sad photogrsphad by high speed canrims to trace flow patterns et hl velocities. Such pareaetere as fluid flew la the pats and die oevity end the influence of coring, vesting and gating ware studied. Wa have learned e greet deal fren this progian oo Improved design of oastlj^ die ccsponents to reduce turbulence and gas pockets to produce sound castings with better properties and finishes. Tig J, far exesple, shows one *wy*i laental errenc^ert for eveluatiag the effect of gibe design on fluid flow. * WP" y i Mpjiu _~~ii -- aaii t t r Cot factor not Investigated la tbe XUStO progrsa, but which rtxwld bs considered, Is tbs street of vecum on tbs die ee*tu operation. Many so-oallart vacua die casting lyiti do not provide an edegtmt* vacuus and bsaea tbs full potential bansflts ars aot real! tad. Another Important point la tbs Mgh oost of aainufecturlng dis --<"g dlas. Ibis Initial tooling outlay sots a lawr Halt on production runs which arc scoocaloal, Zf slaetrofomsd disc ana bs proved satisfactory fra a standpoint, they will certainly contribute iu* to tbs overall soonoay of tbs dla easting operation. Because of tbs bsnsfldal t characteristics Inherent la tbe process, surface finish and turfaea duality should bs eatanoed. Ihrougb s cooperative pregraa, production runa will ba conducted i with tbs dies to show their overall perfocuance and their application to tbe l r casting of ratals. : `-1 \ S Preparation for Platime - The latest threat on tbs horizon for plated sine r 1 dla castings Is platad plastics, lbs plastic industry elslas that It can pro duce parts at a such lower coat than plated zinc die castings. However, they i are *w.| certain aasuoptlons concerned with this second cost center. Prepara tion for pialshiig (Flg.t). Bay clala that their ccnponsnts, In eoetrest with > sine die castings, do not have to be buffed prior to plating. It Is ulte likely that tbe buffing operation can be si lalneted on Mali plastic parts, however. It Is eztraely debatable that this advantage extends to large plastic sections. Shrinkage and other tbexael effects can ceuee surface deforaetlan wbleb aay require adjustments. ' On tbe other hand, there Is every 11 Vailhood that ws can further narrow aay S. sa m w w 1i gap by greatly reducing nonal costs encountered In plating preparation and. In other eases, entirely elialnete thau It is ksoMsthst with proper ears of dla easting dies, and laprovanent la oastlng operations, by tbs use of carefully 1 alntalnsd dies, buffing can, In aany lnstanoes, bs silalneted. Psrbeps slectro- i foroed dies can also oootrlbuts significantly to eurfaoe Uoroveosnt and thereby J ... in u 1  Iiii I mua liiaHailJiStii Mina iii LIA16000 elialnate preparation for plating. Bwtrtr, there are other aethoda idileh certainly could greatly reduce the cost sf preparation far p Include aechanleel prepermtlon*, such as tnfrO Ing vlth abrasives, buffing technique* end the splpyaent of pore*filllag end leveling pieting bathe. Bright acid copper bee been fond ertreaely effective for leveling off Irregularities ehleh Increase finishing cost* and cause prmature eorroeloa. Much of our research effort daring the coning year will certainly be focueed ea theee areas because of the potential ooet and quality benefits. Oonoarnlng plating (Fig. 5), the participation of XZZRO, the plating eiqpply homes, as well as the automotive Industry, In vhat has beccae a very veil kaoen cooperative effort, has greatly contributed to the outstanding performance cf plated mine die rmmtli^m to aeet today4m eevexe eervice conditioas. de great advancaa have been duplex nickel, crack-free dgariui, and alcrocracked chrcnlinu dess eaployed individually, or as pert of e total eyetas, can provide outstanding perforaance with greatly extended service life. Xn outdoor exposure testing program et static sites, on Ugbcsts (Fig. 6) and autaaotailea, alcrocracked chrczclua, vlth a eootiouous network, of cracks, proved to be the aoet effective syetaa. Only about ten per oeat of several alcrocracked chranltai over bright nickel plating eystens, applied 19 to five years ego on autaaobiles, shoved excessive corrosion. Many reflnmeats have been Introduced, such as applying s cathodic dichraaete treetaent after plating. Sill technique further Isqoroves corroeloo resistance by depositing a protective wide coating over chranlm plate, de teat panel, ahovn at the left In Fig. 7, exhibits excellent resistance to a chloride ataoepbere after this treetaent. Bovever, these lugirmrmsnts have been gained at a aodarate increase in the cost of plating. Actually, this cost Increase Is aarglntl then oespered vlth the significant iaprovanents which have been asde. Bovever, e portion of or oontlnulrg work In the plating area Is to eelrteln the seat level of perforaance, but et the seas tine significantly reduce ooeta. X would Ilka to repeat agile -5IJ!SUP -L11 BP mm mmrnmmm --IHninidii mum a a rw liih ie.-m LI A16001 Mi that these laprovanezrta la platl art not due solely to our on research efforts, Out to the amjcr contribution* of the plating supply bouses, tbs auto* notlve and appliance msuufseturers, plus UZRO reaearch. She annual plating sealnart vdtleh ve have held recognise the outstanding cooperation of these potpa. Oertalnly progreee would not hare been res11 ted If we bed not had the coopera tion of all of these grotge. A consisted automotive or appliance part represents an entire 1*t*, comprising the aetal, casting operation, the preparation far plating, and plating, fech of these factors, as we here previously discussed, ere critical sagarnts of the total component aystsm. All are lapartaot since they determine final part cost and the coapetitlve position of sine In the die costing nsrteet. flerailng the die castle prograa In toto. It Is obvious that ve have gone back over each of the etepa to contribute coat end perfornanee advantages for the systaa. Ve wust nest the challenge of the prlne competitive materials -- plasties end -- prcuptly and forcibly. Every possible approach to better our position must be considered since this market is vital to the scoradc health of ow entire Industry. Ve believe that this eystass approach will yield success for wo lnaalstalnlng this aarkst. However, there are other laproveaests that can bs aads though slternste finishes for sine die costings. They nay offer basic decorative appeal or contribute to laproved performance of die eastings subjected to severe enrlroomental corrosirs conditions. In ths past, vs have discussed at length developsests Is anodizing. last year at this tins, we announced that three new finishes bad been Introduced as part of the family of anodised coatings. Ibss* offer a higher order of corrosion end abrasion resistance than the original APC? coating, plus additional oolors. Flg.8 Illustrates ths results of exposure far fra* 50 to 442 hours In 5Jl salt spray for parts as out, with a chroMte conversion coating and anodised by the AFC? prooees. -6- V* bop# In tb not too distant future to the stud of an axdusive Uotut to an important ecamrclal organisation vhich will merest and service this process domestically aa vail as internationally. Maid evaluation of tba anodised coating* ebew definitely wparlor performance where abrasion raalstanea or eorroalon resistance 1* required. jyplcal anndlsad parts ara abovn In rig. 9. Parts idilch have baan anodised, and In sens eases fiald tested, Includet washing machine ptsp caslrge and levellers, autcaotlv* window crank assemblies, door latch housings, autaaoiblla generator pulleys, bolts for pipe Unas, gears and a host of ethers. There are also painted finishes, organic in nature, Which provide aa alternative to plated die eastings vhere cost and color are deciding factors. Significant improvements have been made In finishes caepstlble with else; how* ever, additional work retains to develop a totally satisfactory dear finishing systen. Plpsented polymer coating* show excellent conroalon resistance as wall as decorative appeal for sine die castings. And, finally progress lias baan wade In providing adherent paint systems for plated sine die castii^s to round out their total styling appsal. Xn planning ahead for sine's continued position In the die casting Industry, ve fed vs have left none of the Important steps untouched In our seal to produaa a superior product vhich offers hlg> performance through the bay attributes of quality plus econcny. Ve certainly have reached major milestones In aadi cf the areas mentioned above. If the same degree of success continues In our total program, ve sincerely 1 tlleve that sine will rosin the quality competitive material In the die casting lndustZ7 Odvanlted Steel A' lhere is probably no costly for sted which prorlde* such mealiest pro. taction at such a relatively lew cost as does sine. Despite Its excellent performance, the stasl Industry and others ara loobirg at a variety of systems -T- .....` ....................................... - ..........-- -k LI A16003 to protect eteel which do not Include sine. Organic ooetlnge, alualnlied tool, electrophoretic coating aystone, oad alloyed steels oro oil being promoted ae providing corrosion protection suitable for a old# imago of onrtrnnoontal oorrlce condltlone. Bat aoao of tbooo arm galvanized stools. With this wide and growing sorlss of altoraato coatlaga for stool, wo must continue our research activities on our own, as well as In cooperation with the stool Industry, to Improve quality, performance, decorative appeal, and widen appliestlo ps for ooatad fexTOus products. In rerleving the galvanizing process, one technique vhlch we have investigated has proved ooontmloalljr sound and has resulted in a unique product, Ibis Is our process for clertdlrg stool with partleulato time, either In Rime Western grades or In a range of alloys which could not be applied to stool except through the perticulate metallurgy process. Bae advantages Include a wide range of alloy eyetme with varying corrosion per> farmsnoe, on*-lde clad gslvanlzod steel, end thicker costly with longer life end l^roved ductility. Several organisations have checked out the prellmlaBxy work we bare conducted and agree with our findings. Ws believe ttaet ultlmetely this will find Important caoserclal application because of Its unique capabilities. In the field of alloys far galvanizing, our rastorch In conduction with the Canadian lead and Zinc Besearch Omlttee at tbs Mines Branch In Canada has led to new alloys for hot dip galvanizing. Stese new alloy sjstims have reduced the sensitivity of the high strength low alloy steels to sine attack, with tha farnatloc of heavy, rough coatltge significantly reduced. Burfbee finish Is Improved through the suppression of Iron-zinc alloy outbursts, lbsea new hot dip galvanizing alloys should provide e universal galvanizing bath which will permit e uniform zinc coating to be achieved, not only on the high strength, low alloy steels but also on easochliee of mixed eteela. Advantages will includet better appearance, improved performance end eloeer control of coating thlckneea. If the pilot trials prove to be ea successful as the laboratory teste, this I1 should be one of the moat significant contributions which has been mads to hot SKSWW? t |V'.y :r ;; -?f'; agggsx - -...._.... -._ '' wffi1W^lTr^*`aiiiaea?:^^ ___ " LIA1600A aau,~.-- ..^ ...." r r r i i i -) ...... . A^ . , . .,. .,^..,i. ^ . , ^ dip galvanising. I* the field of applications, our progras ce resistance welding of galvanised sheet for autaaertlve end appllanoe Manufacturing has prorod significant. Beseerch results art contributing to lagroved welding practices for weny of the automotive Banufocturera aad vlll serve sa * standard referanoe for tbs galvanising Industry sal users of galvanised products. Several defini tive papers bsve been prepared and widely circulated to provide technical assistance to fhbeioatore employing our Materials. Zb addition, a eaglet* raslstanoa welding Manual vlll soon be ecaplsted for eae aa a golds by tbs deeelegMBt associations. Another Manual Is being prepared by XXZRO on tbs Joining of galvanised products by other welding techniques such as gas, are, coostaable and nonoonauoabla welding techniques. However, further data are needed, end we hope to have additional research Initiated la tbe not too distant future. Bile nev anphaala will be oe tbe welding of heevy structurals and plate coated by bet dip galvanlal^, organic and 1 norgsnlc sine rich paints and by Metallising, this nev research la essential to enhance the eeonnlc aad technical aarlt of Joining galvanised products. last year an Important progras oa tha ^**"1 of heavy galvanised structurals was Initiated to provide structural eraser* with design criteria to enable than to fully utilise galvanised ec^onents vbleh will pro vide long service life with little or no Maintenance. lbs rapidly Increasing cost of Maintenance had bean an lapartant lneeotive for specifying galvanised structures which are essentially salntenaace-fraa. However, In eerteln Instances, a lack of adsquata design criteria for bolted structures has prevented engineers fraa using sine coatsd ambers. Definitive rvsults frea this laveetlgstlon, should open up aa Important nev aarhrt for the Industry. One of our older progress which is now yielding vital data la our investiga tion of the use of plvanlssd relnfarcaaaat for concrete. Ibis includes prostressed structures ss well as structures subject to highly corrosive ataospherea, eucb aa on bridge decks, aarlna piers, aarlns structures, abbutaenta, aad other I'*"*# mmmm -9- r&JZZZ* Li M6005 -^mTMTBfilHIITf 111- structures sublet to narlM csvlroossots, or attack by chlorides is the building scad or rend salts. Maintenance of reinforced concrete structures Is estreeely ooetly and difficult to accg^llah. Fig. 10 illustrates crackles of concrete yQ-- under sir-- s which will Isad to aggravated corrosion at the reisforceneni rods. A relatively slight lnvestasnt In ^lvanised relnfmrenant Is man than 3 Justified la vis* of too long Ilfs which oan b# roallsod through ths uss at these Materials. 2b other types of structures prims art of concrete footings, * foundations, porches, ledges, and the like, where galvanised elsnanto are * -3 labedded la concrete there has, for nany years, been reelstanoe to a fully ^Ivan&aad eonpooect. The nanber labedded In ths ooacrete has usuelly been asked durli the galvanising operation. Increasing the cost of the galvanised cosgonsnt and at the eeae tine producing a weak Interface subject to gulte serious cancslcs. Our research hen shown that the hood strength between concrete and galvanised relnforcosent or galvanised structural nsnhers. Is at laaat equivalent to or better then that of bare steel. This will certainly Ingrown the econmlcs as veil as extend the potential use of ^Ivanlsed gsard rails, towers, and ths libs. fhs prograa Is recelvli wide response In the tfclted States and Zurope. Bulletins are beli translated and reproduced In nany languages. At the preesnt tine, full-scale field progress are being planned in conjunction with state and federal agencies. All of this work will call attention to tbo efficacy of galvanised reinforcanent to provide long life at low oost. Bond tests, smarlsed In Fig. 11, show tbo amount of slip bstwssn blank Iron and galvanised reinforcing bars and the concrete at different levels of bond stress. In the first group, it can be seen that at stress levels 19 to failure, the galvanised bar performance is stperlcr to the black bar, as the anount of slip at a glvsn bond stress lsvsl Is less for a galvanised bar tin for a black bar. All three speelaens with the black bars failed before the -10- mmiw PRR !vJJl,iJUlWIJSpi "wmmQij b wmmp  BHHKOHBHOB raSOfi LIA16006 s:.- ^ - `r' TOSwaifl bead rtrsss ai 500 pal uu reached. Cr-Ay css of the three specimens eith gel* var'isd hue failed before this stress level vas rested. 5* cversge slip is the other two specimens, as eboan.-ln.tfes elide, ere sees sot to he arosesire, these conditions vere siailar for the second gro*.^. Zb the third gravQ, performance for both here Is slxller. Is group XV, ^lnudsed is superior. Octreeloo teete have also baas conducted. Under elslier aagoaura to oorroelra conditions, concrete teat prims cracked earlier, sore rapidly, end acre extensively with Week steal as cccpared with ^lveaised steel relnforoeaest. r- r The mpbasls os decorative finishes, plus the desire to significantly increase service llfn through the application of paint fllae, has lad to a demand for painting systeae compatible vith ^lvmnlsed steal. The inherent advantage of these cootInert protective syeteaa is that total syetea life reflects a far greater increase then vould be realised by adding the individual protective life span of each coating. Certainly there are proW--a in achieving adequate edheraaoe to galvanised - --m eurfaoes. Because of these prOblaoa, and our desire to the ability to apply these deccretive finishes, ve are lnltlatliu; a two-phase program. One part of the program consists of a ftodanestal investigation of the surface of 4 galvanised coatings plus an analysis of service conditions where paint adberaaoe has been poor. Shis will help to identify the unique conditions under vhlch such failure occurs. Bie second phase is an applied progrea evaluating commercial neterials, end paints which are reported to be uniquely adapted to galvanised 5 coatings. Shis will develop date on system which are actually ecsqatibia. <Xar research to date has shown that aasy of tbs conventional materials suffer frea e lack of uni focalty end that aa^r paint systems are inadequate. We believe that this effort will be of value to the galvanlsere in developing surface treatment which will be acre favorable to the application of paint as well as to the manufacturer of paint systems to develop coatings which will meet performance requires*nta. Ms feel this is on* of our moat Important program , JIM-,1.9 SB?UV !W iWL.w-jiPiii!! -U- rnMjm n j \ \_IA16007 *' namamm ajaasawff^f'^LifS'iij 1'. j 1 is galvanising, and Its importance to galvanising parallels the Importance ef , tbs plating rmarai prugnoi to the die Casting wrist. Ome srss where significant progress hss been mods Is tbs past year Is la porcelain snuisii for galvanised stssl. Seturally, tbs enamels art compatible only with gslvanasalsd type systems where tbs costing bee bssn entirely ocm- Ysrtsd to tbs Intemetalllc compound. Oils results Is lowsr sapor pressure of else with resulting ability to apply low smiting enamels. Portunstely, for our prograa, tbs porcelain enamels aoot suitable to gslvassealad steel are lead- based eanels, sad ve are indeed fortunate to find a system which makes effective use of the two metals to their mutual enhancement. These coatlags bsm reasonably vide reage of colors, good adherence, and should proride deeoretlea appeal sad long life. 2a tbs ereat at damage to the outer porcelala layer, extensive corrosion products vill not derelop due to eetbodie protection by the sloe. This prerente the continuing and catastrophic failure to the enameled coating Which vould occur with uacaeted iron. Again, ve bellere that this will have significant premise 'far enlarging the markets for galvanised products la tbs tutor*. # Wrought Zinc k It has loi^s bees our belief that the market for vrougbt sine products will ultimately grow to a level approaching that for die easting and galvanised steel. However, such remains to be done not only la Improvement of properties, but also la Improved fabricating techniques for wrought sine. Wrought sine offer* ea^elllng advantages: excellent ductility, oerroelon resistance, platablllty, palntablllty, solderablUty, and weldability. Caeblned vlth relative low eoct, this material becoaes a vital adjunct to sine die castings so that wrought slae sheet end extrusions, together with die castings, can provide cccpatabillty not only fra the standpoint of oerrosloa, but uniform color match and flexibility for the designer. MT ir -12- wm j.1, ii ym i. jipMiin sssssss afrfe*wsasia&^*ra L IA 16008 Curing the peat JTMr we bar* node lgnlflcant progres with the"12% : alvmlmm alloy ldileh was originally developed a* a Ala casting alloy. It baa alao shewn premise a* a wrougit aaterlsl. Ibis alloy, aa extruded or aa a rolled notarial, has rary good uschinsblHty not only In oocventlonal aeehlalag operations, but alao In autaaatle screw aechlaes. lor oparatlona conducted on automatic s acre* aaehlnaa such aa faming, box tool turning, drilling, thread rolling, Ale threading, cutoff, knurling and fining, lyplcal acrev nechlna parta and rolled bar atock are tfiovn In fig. 12. Operation Include drilling, tuning, and threading. In addition, the 12% alrmlma alloy baa excellent ability to . < r be extruded and propertlea of the notarial, shewn la fig. 13, are excellent. [ Beoauae at the economic* of a mine acrev nothin* product, plua lta good -->*i^^ and physieel cbaracterlatlca, ve believe a substantial aarket can be developed. The 12% aluni ran alloy alao above retention of properties despite the cooling rates which nay be encountered. Cils suggested Its potential not only aa a die casting alloy but for permanent acid and aand casting. 9>e sand eeatlag alloy baa evidenced very good properties as shows In fig. It. The arterial has good stability, can be plated readily, and has very good corrosion resistance. However, purity of tbe alloy aust be aalstained et a high level and lead auat be excluded as a traop eleaezrt during tbe caetlng operations If oorroeion resist ance la to be aalntalned. This means, of course, that tbe basis nets! for the casting aust be special high grade sine. Ve believe that there are aany Mall production runs of components, which cannot be die east Wit which bay be chat t- In sine crlln other aetale for prototypes and for Halted production runs. Ibis alloy ahraild prove excellent for these applications, Tbe automobile rear window frame (fig. I5), for example, was cast In plaster Molds for nock-tq> trials. Following casting, tha aaterlal was buffed and plated with excellent results, the alloy will bo useful for such trials and for Halted production runs where 4 tha total quantity required Is insufficient to Justify the expense cf die a castlrg dies. At tbe Inception of our XIZRO research pragma, It was proposed that wrought -13- -m ah ' 11 ibnjupu 11.. I A '\S. ; aniidB ./* ' ^V'T;". mm . l i a i 6o o 9 Bine product* could be produced from particulate materials. Fig. l depict* tb* productloo operktlon vllcb was contesq&ated. It consist* of the production of p*rtlcul*t* (loc, tfa* direct rolling of these particles into sheet, sad such subsequent flnlshlrg operations ss are required to produce material In tbs necessary gages. During the past year and a half, supporting members of nzao have produced particulate cine. Their results confirmed our estint* of tbs low cost of production as well as the ease of production and tb* Sblllt? to produce a range of alloy c<aq>osltlons. these nsterlals have been subsequently readily compacted to produce wrought products. Our res^sreb program at tbs j Unirersity of British Columbia has shown that a new rang* of alloy systm^ offeriic hi*' improved physical properties and creep resistance could hs pro duced na the particulate metallurgy process. With each of the step* of tbs process carried out, the future of this technique far sine should be assured. It Is soet gratifying to note the nusber of our caspanies who are participating in these serious steps and have confirmed our original contention that this technique holds promise for the industry. Vi here long felt that this process would make available wrought sine materials with the lowest possible capital investment In a range of allqye which could not he produced by any other technique and at low production cost. It also ha* the significant advantage that scrap is readily utilised and converted again into saleable products. V* believe that this process will contribute s great d',nl to the future success of wrought sine products. ^Zloc crgancpetalllc research has aada significant strides during the past year. A vide range of new compound* with stshla sine carbon bonds have been produced which should provide a new series of rewound* for industrial application. A review of Harvey Brown1 "Zinc (held* Rediscovered" will unveil the wide utility of sine oxide and related ca^ounds as funglstats. alldestate, photosensitive materials, eeml-conductors, plus * host o" other applications. The exciting possibility at tine orgsnametalllc compounds, sebsos*d h> the chm&istry of the sine atom itsslf, combined with the saplifying mm -1b- m a *l pmy mipiiw ii i M M wqdW W ^fWiuip wqsim iii ! ^ ^ ,w S^BF?FSII5FSSflP!?! ^ ' : . -Tr'. " Vv -; WPiiWfjWpiW?-;'*!. U ii-w sm - Xau '...twtV-l-- LIA 16010 characteristic* at the organic part of the aoleeule, should cpsn nev anas and applications for these oaterlals. Vith the rapid progress being aide, vs believe that, late this pear or early next year, ve can Initiate a pilot progtas for tbs production of staple saterlals to be distributed to a variety of industries for evaluation as agricultural chsctloala, textile trsataasnta, and paint coagonenta. Despite tbs earnings that the high eleotrcposltivlty of sins would preclude the possibility of producing stable ccajiounds, it has been possible to synthesise such c.nsiyounds vhich ve bellave sen have lapcrtaat eoNsereial application. Such arc the fruits of research and tbs aatiefiMtioa that cones vith doing the near l^oesibla. Sfals progrsn la itself certainly prove* that research don* by competent, leagl native end creative Individuals in suitably equipped facilities can produce outstanding technical and poten tially fruitful ccoocnlc success. With the critical self-appraisal vhich tbs industry, its consuaers and associates have aade, it has been possible to plan a lcog range progren not only to support nev ventures, but to b^rove existing products. Wills vs casasi guarantee that every phase cf the yiej.{u. viU achieve success, nevertheless, ve believe that through this cooperative effort, ee :J have truly planned eheed for the futuie eoODCaie veil being of ir industry. ' H* believe the course ve have charted will run true end that exciting and eocjessful future acMerassirt* 11a ahead arising free our research effort. W^aiinypyi -15-