Document 1gxv87B3xkq0606JKjoMnK8b5

CT) cr Q.-- --- \-- r- r 50 .s:r: or. OSHA PROGRAM DIRECTIVE f20C-;5 TO- THRU: REGIONAL ADMIN I STRATORS/CSHA r -n / / -/r^/ v7 DONALD E. MACKENZIE Field Coordinator 1 ^ ^' SUBJECT 29 CFR 1910.1CC1(j)(2) or (3) or (A), Minimum Airborne Fiber Concentration for Initiating and Continuing Rsoestcs Medical Examinations uroose The purpose of and compliance rent in or (A). this direcoil procedures for : s to crevice unicorn inspection tne medical examination require- 29 CFR 1910.1 CO1(j)(2), or (3) Documentation . This directive sucolerects arc provides reference for the QSHA Industrial Hygiene Fielc Ooerat:cr.s Manual (IHFOM) and tne CSKA Field Operations Manual I?5M). Backcround In 29 CFR 1910.1001(j){21, or (3) or (A), Medical examinations, -u= J-ea,r-m--, " ... exposed tc airborne concentrations or asoestos fibers...." has been tne subject of considerable discussion and debate as to the interpretation or airoorne concentrations.'1 Icticn LLA 000096 of air, as determined by th sa-pi'n: retrod O'*. in section 4.c. of rthn-isi; H ' - = C- ve _ me p.nrase "fibers longer than 5 micrometers per cubic o an tirr,c tar snail hereafter be abbreviated as " fibers/cc." Scope and applicability. Medical examinations as per 29 CFR 1910.1001(j)(2), or (3) or (4) will be required for any 7- to 3-hour timeweighted average concentration of 0.1 fibers/cc, or for a greater concentration. Sampling information. (1) Sampling procedures will follow Shatter X of one IHFOM., with the adciticnai guidance o* a.c.(2) and (3) of this directive. Expo c 1 i o to asbests s dust with 1 cw levs 1 S 07 cont ami n.ation (e.g. , mixed wit:1 ot her mi nerals). (a) For exposures to dust the't is mo s 11 y asoestos and is expecte d to b be'mOW t he permissible exp osure limit , the same til t er should be use d for the e ntire shift , bu t no 1 oncer than 6 h ours. (b) For exposures exoected to be at or above the permissidle ex:?csure limi t, sleve-a'i sameles may be reouired curina the sh i ft to avoid overleai c i n c "tbs f'ilters. (3) Exposures to asbestos dust with high levels of contamination. (a) Several samples may be recuired during the Pm 7 u C (b) ters snculc be chanced only a~ter a mrm.-.ium 1 nou- of samoiinc time for exocsuras exoec. . - i. n ^evr: ne LLA 000097 lY IX d . w X iiTI p i z S j i .y p 5 S 0 * VC iiwlCuS . (1) Vi he re an employer dees not provide the required medical examinations, and an employee is exocse to 0.1 cr tore fibers/cc, it would be consice-e a "serious" violation of 25 OFT 1910.1001 (j)U- or (3) or (4). (2) For definitions and guidance on "repeated," "wi 11 "ul , or a "failure to correct" violation, see the FQM, Chapter VIII. Effective Date This directive is effective irrsc:sce: ' an d will retain in 5ruce Hillenbrand Acting Director, Federal Coto'nance and State ?ro On sen outt on: A-1 3-2 C-l D-i&5 E-l HEW-1 NIOSnRegiona NACGSH-1 Training Institute-- (Criginatcr: OCCH) ors-1 LLA 000098 ^ a.n- occtationaa s.u i\ze o i r s less the :o - (ii) ; o illustrate 1 he formula ores c r 1 b c subdivision (;) of ..uS 5m *- r * * sider the follow-. zg exposures-. ^ Haasrsl --Acstone (Tiile Z-l) 2-3nti.PC.ne (Tibi* Z-l) TAyt-te ,Tib!e Z-2) .% --concaomuon of 3-hour txpe^urs S-bow ti-nt iveri^exposure v--u 500 p-o-n. is p.p.n. 50 p.p.G. 1,000 p.a.a. 200 ?.?.=. 200 p.a.=L Substituting ir. : he formula, we r. 2 v ^ * 300 iS 40 1,200 ;:0 200 -- - ~ 0.502 -- 22125 -- 02120 (r) To achieve comcliar.ce :r. paraqrapn(a) :nrci:-n ,d) of this secv.op., administrative or engineering ccr.trois nus2 it rs t be cetem:nec. and implemented w-ner.ever feasible. U hen such controls are not feasible to achieve ;u:l com oiiance. protective equipment or any other protective measures shaii oe used to keep the expose! re of employ ees to air contami nants within the limits prescribed ;r. tn:s sec tion. Any equipment and/or tecr.r.ictl measures used for this purpose must oe approved for each particular use by a compe tent industrial hygienist or other tec.rnicaliy qualified person. Vfhen.ever respirators are used, their use snail comply wren j '.?lG.lc-l. 1910.1001 Tv (g) De finmcrs. Tor t.ne purpose of this section. (A, "Asbestos" includes chrysotile, ar-.osite, cr o-t idol its. tre.m.oiite. anthoahyiii te. and A aatmoiite. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos f.bers longer tr.an 5 micrcmeters. (b ) rem: 15; aie erg-csum *g gr-mome ::r:e"muioru cr asbestos :;on. '-c - 2 ;*3 3" - T-, . 2 V "= o 3 -C ? (21 Sfcrccrd ehcertve .Aiy i, 1976. * P.e 6-hour time-weighted averts? airborne concentra tion s of asbestos fibers to which ar.y employee may be exposec shall not exceec two f.bers. longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined oy the method prescrioed ir. paragraph ie) o; this section. (2) Ceiiirc csncer.ircricr.. ho employee snail c-e exposed at any time to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic cer ' -- a * 3 -- m ` - -- - q - ,3 r 3 -- --> > -- 3 -- -- / * j-- a 3 " ~ m Z z re*cr :pc t ^ 2. n ' e; c'.".is s sci i c ". * 1 Vi 3.1 >1 e% ex 5L e '.0 LLA 000099 LIN00100 t N OCCV?a ANT) AT cc > !2c'.:cr., s : i a i l a e (j 5 ^ ^ exposure limits prescribed (b)of this section. (l i} Lc< ci t x r. s - 2 ? ven'ilofion. (a) Loci! exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems shall be designee, constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-19T1, which is incorporated by reference herein. Cb) See 5 1910.5 concerning the availabil ity of ANSI Z9.2-19T1. and the mainte nance of 2 historic file :o~ r.ect.cn t.nere w'th the address of the American National Standards institute s g-.ver. in. 1910.100. (iti) rrcuj'cr i o-oIs. All n.ana oceratea and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess :: the exposure limits prescribed in ca-ug-ach ib) of this sect,on, suer. as. cut net 1 .mitea to, saws, scorers, abrasive wh.eeis. ana driils, shall be provided with local ex.rcast ventilation systems m accordance w,tn subdivision (ii) of this su oparagra or.. (b) Wort pretties! (!) W.-i nsinsdi. Insoi ar as crest;cabie. isoestos shall be bandied, mixed, aanuec. removed, cut, scored, or otherw ise worhed in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribe-: .n carsgrap.n (a) c! t.nis section, un.ess tr.e use fulness of the product would be c.m.r.- STANTaJITs a NT ::-X7TTr7-.T;::T tior.; or IT. 5 es. ?jv\ TVhere both resairzters it.z csrscr.re. rota nor. are 2.ic " -Q o _> s -- --. >. i.. a or (hi) of this subparagraph. ar.c betr. 2r2 ~rscr.C2.ble. o e r s o c. it 2 i r c 12. c *.or. s r. 2-. ~ ^ -- -- 3*o ---- ft w 2. r*. h '_i 2 2 d -a - -1 -> " [ ; - O 5 J O ^ 2 f L f 7~. 1 l \ . t * - - O \` ~ ` r. p'rsi ' 7 ^ J 2 S 3 Cl u... 2 L "* -- u. ' ~ : xcess cf the : i ~ : s ^ (b) o: :r.;s secticr.. LLA 000100 i?:a:co[(dx2>:i) a >Oaa2S v.n~ :.n'7T7J>?j:t.-.t:cns 5 3 ; r 3 * 0 " racC''-rC ; " * - 3C."'"5'0r'. ill; 0 7 (iii; of this subpa.-agrapn. ihai! Oe used -o reduce `.he ccrcer `.rations of amborne asbestos fibers :r. the rest;:.-ator be:ow the exposure limits prescribed in paragrapr. (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the S-hour ti n e-we: gh tec average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasor.abiy exaected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. (ii) ?swr;d zir purifying rtipirclon. A ftlll facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the cancer, tra::ons of airborne asbestos fibers in the r 2 5 TI 77.' 0 " 'hr eXCOSUre limits 3***- scribed in paragrap.n ;b) oi this section, when the ceiling or the S-hour tine- weigated average concentrations of as'oestas fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but no: 100 times, those iirnits. (in) 7vp+ "C" s `w pr iirt'-o : r C3 ~ r rcji r.cw wprsuui'e--.3 *c - - c; c51. CVC5 "L C C T. - tinuous flow or press^re-ds^arc. suaoiied-air respirator shall be used to ecui - . O--ra-) tions o: air aabesrcs fibers m the resairatcr oeicw tae sxoosurs I; m.; z s zresctobeg tn 32.r2?r2cn (b) of this section. when the csv.tr.? tr the S-hour ti m e-weirh tec 2vera?e ivrcrr.e c 3 r c e r : r 2:: 0 n 5 of asbestos fibers are re a s 0 r. ably expected to exceec ICO t: mes those iimits. (i'r) "src'sii'uh.renr r? a -rvsiratar arxr^rr,. (a) The emp:: yer sh21\ estab*;sh 2 respirator program ir. 2ccorc2r.ce t h e r e c u i r e rr. e r.: 3 of the A m ~ r.: 2 r. a N" iC; .-0 er : cyee sr.2:; oe cssirrec :c 125x3 :e:u::.:.e t.ne use o', re 3 tv ret ors ;f. 02sec uron h:s most refer: examina- mines that the employee ~'v`. oe unable to fu n c : i 0 n normally wearing- a respirator, or that the safety or health c * the o -**_. * q r 0 * r. e " ^ r i 0 j s w 1 i 1 be impaired by his use of 2 respirator. Such emc10vee shall be rotates to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position, whose duties he is able to perform with, the same employer, in the same geographi cal area and with the same seniority, status, and rate of pay he hac just prior to such transfer, if such, ad:fferer.t posi tion is avoiiable. (3) h 0 e ^ 1 a'. c; o t n. r. m l. r e e *-- p, c* v e r 3 n 21 vice, and recu.re the use of. ittec:ai clot suer, as coveralls or similar whale clothing, head coverings, gic-es. ar.c loot coverings for any employee exposes to air borne concen trstio ns o: asoestos libers, which exceed the ceiling .eve: ciescntec in. paragraph (bi of this section. A) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed place of employment exaosed to airborne concentrations c: asoestos f.bers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraor. ,b) of this section, ir.e employer shell pro vide cnar.ge rooms tor employees working reg ularly at the place. (11 j Clothes lockerst The employer shall orcv'.ce two separate '.oexe 0 7 Ct earners for each employee. 30 St or isolated as to prevent cent2: of the en:by?e's street c.ctnes vork clothes. `S' .soestes : iers n excess c National Stan cards l r. i . t ' 2 : n * (j Q n y employer : : 2 m: n 2: e d cloth;- LIN00101 LLA 000101 occ_j?at!cs-o iArrrr a.vd kz.m" son tor . a u n c e r: n g s .n a, i . n.: o r m seen c-srscn of the recuiremenc :n (a) of this sube:vision to effective:';', prev-n.t the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess cf the exposure limits presortoed in paragraph (b) of thus section. (c) Contaminated clothing' shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable con tainers, and labeled in-accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All determinations of airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers snail be made by the membrane filter method at 40C--;50 x (mag nification! (4 millimeter objective) w.t.n a p * p - w n o s 8 exposure : o 15 c 8 s;: s : 2 V "8 ? ? -; ~ ^ se: (3) Et 1 rs r. rr, e n 4 -1 ncn'tjnnq. mo.es sr.al. 38 couectec :rcm a reas o: a work environment wnic.r are -- a --_ reser. ' 3.ie of the airborne cancer cions cf asbestos fibers whirr, may m the b:earning' zone of employees. Sarr. shall be collected or. a membrane f of 0.S crcneter porosity mean:ea open-tface filter holder. Samples aha! taxer* r the determination of the b-r time--weighted average airoorr.e con `.rations and of one ceiling concentre: cf asc-sstos fibers. (f) Monitrrinc. (1) i nival defe rr". nclicrn. A t C.r. 5 ... C T. t r. S Cl the pcblitr.tor. of this section, every 5:7.c! cver shill Cc- SS ev0rv o 12 c s ci 8moiovment where asbestos fibers are releasee tc be r.orAcred m such a way as :c a e: e r m: r e w ne th e r everv e rr. 310 vee 's exposure 10 asbestos fibers is belc - the limits prescribed :h:s section, i *' me 11 mica the e m. p i o y e r s n a `take a c c m a a a n c e pro e `with aarapraon 1le) of tr.ts section. / 3} "non 1 rort rr;, CO Samples shall be collected from. -.v.chin the breathing cone of the employees, on membrane filters of 0.3 micrometer poros ity mounted in an. open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determina tion cf the 3-hour time-weicthted averatre airborne concentrations and cftrteceilinr concentrations of asbestos fibers. ' S;r-;.ir; ` -re Jt-icvc^: ee ' r -- i i7 t~? fit) Sc rr. e ' i n c : -r-e uenr* :nc t ? ? n j. Alter t n 8 initial a e t e r m i r. a 11 o n s r e c u i r e c b v sueparagraph 1) of this ? a r 2 r r a ? n. sam;:f snail be of such frequency one patter" as to reoresent wntr reasonable accuracy the levels of exocsure cf the en cl meet. In no case snail sampling be a; interna.s -neater than 5 months for e n o ! c > e e s whose exposures to asbestos may reason ably be foreseen to exceed t.ne excosure hm;ts prescribed m paragraph fa) r' this section. i'<il 5 -- Qiovocyr<cM:''. of nonirarr.z. .-\liect emcioye-- _ their representatives, sh be given - . e3 s 0 r. a b 1 e 0 p p 0 ru r.:y observe any mor.icorir.g recuirec cy :: paragraph, and shall have access :c : reccrcs chereot. (g; Ccurion sicr.s oris lasels. rerhuirrs c: excess of the : 0 case s r. a : i one s a m : / cO LLA 000102 SlO.lOOHfXIMi) 3 3STA.VOaJ'.OS A.VD .vrrp.P'ZTAT'OV: at a!! approaches to areas c o n t ?-: n i n g excess'.'.'? con cent notions of airborne asbestos fibers. c-cc*j?at::vao 3 a: _ . A VO 1"0^ (n ) 5c n \ a e c i ? i cz ? i an s. i h- `J*- 2 r T. 1 7. ? S ) "! S required oy subdivision [;) c:` :his subparagraph shall conform to the require ments of '20' x 1-1" vertical format signs specified in $ ISiO.l-lStdIU). and to this subdivision. The signs shall cisplay the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility 2t least equal to that specified in this sub division.' A_lb*3*-3J :a Avoid Ere:i::iy Dot! .. ________ Aisijrec c-:p- 1 Do So: = ia Are& Urdsi* Your **orx ?.c^u:r?s lu 3*1:1:::; Asbesioj Du:: .Vzy H; Hiu-irdcuj To Yaur Eta!ub. Votsiiffn 1" Sa.-.s SerU. Gotiic cr Blc-ir. Sa.*jv Scr: f. Go: r ic or 3!rc<. 'L<tm Cou-.ic. U' Cc.ilz. 1 -i oo: r.: C c: i: 2. Spacing between lines shall be at ieas: equal to the heigh: of the upp-er of any two lines. (2) Csution lcc-;ls. (i) L= belina. Caution labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products contain ing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, bir.cer, or oar.sr matenai so that curing or.y reasonably foresee able use. h2r.dli.ng. s to - a 05. J :spc sal, ; irocessing, or trans ncrt aticn. a 1 r b 0 r 1 e ter entratior. s 0: a s a e s t e x c e s s iftheexoosurenm.ts c -zzrzz: :3( A , i. -5 A sb*"loo ?' ben sic C.-tJUr,* Dum Brtf.,1 re D'lr; May C^ur. ::w Bouily H*rm (h) Housekeeping. (1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of emoioyment shall be maintained free of accumulations of asbestos fibers if. with their dispersion. there would be an excessive concentration. (2; W = !ie c:i=o5 = [. Asbestos waste, scran, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and asbe stcs-c c n t am.: r. a ted clothing. consigned for disposal, wrier, may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, stor age. processing, disposal, or transportation airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess 0: the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be col lected and cisoosed of in sealed imoermeaoje nags, or ctn.er ;sed. im.oermeable ccr.tamers. (i) Recordkeeping. (1) Hi so jure rccjrii. Even' emolo'-'er sh aii maintain records of any oersor.a; or en.x-ronmer.tal mor.itor.ng requires by this section. Records shall be maintained for a penoc of at least 20 years and shall be made available upon request to the .Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Cccucatior.ol Safety and Health, and to autnorced reorssen.tar.ves of either. u: v.;--.- is. ists.; Hmaloy-e at:;-.-.. Z v e my entity? and fornsr e rr. r! c v * * 3 h 2.! 1 h 2 v s rsasor.a Yt ,,3e s5 10 ar.y r e c c r 2 reu u.r5c z 3 be rr. 2.: r - ZTZzr., -.vn:cr. ;r.cica:es zr.e err.; ,, 4 C- i . S U ff C ' I 3 1 CL 1 00 I M X C 3 Pi Z r 3 i 1 Ci 3 O nr n ', u> -. a o -- j 3 t i " 3, 3 3 -- v 3 ' ". 8 * 3 :er zraz: rrs cr'ssseszcs fibers 3; 3 - o ;; rr.; z 3 z r e s 3 r1 3 e c - *- * -- f> - -- "06 \jj\ 000103 :nai A.VO this section shall be notified '.he exposure as soon as prcctica later than 5 days of the fin employee snail aiso be timely no corrective ac::cr. oemg taker.. (jj iV<edic = l excnincfiorrs. (1) G-ff'-r-al. The employer shall provide cr make avall?.die sthiscosa. mec:ca! exam.:ra tion 5 relative to exposure to asbestos required by this paragraph. (~2) Prs3loeem*nt. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his emoioyees, within 30 calendar days following his hirst employment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, which shai! include, as a minimum, a ones: roent genogram (posterior-anterior IT x IT inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory d.sease. ar.c pulmonary func tion tests to include forces a.' caoacity (r VC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FZVi.d). (3) A.-nvc! icmincricnj. On or oeiore - an uary 31, 19T3, and at ieast annual:;.- tnereafter. every emoioy er shall pro vie e. cr m a.- a ava li able, comorsher.sive medical exam irv.icrs to each of his employees engaeeo m occupa tions exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination snail include, a-s a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior anterior 14 x I , inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced ".to: caoacity (FVC) and forced exoiracory voiume at 1 sec ond (FSV-.j). (A) Te-m.incfion at empieyrne-nt. .0.2 shah provide, cr make svaiiac e. ' V-'' 5TA.OA.ilOS AV3 1 >1TP?.7?~ AT;T \ 5 calendar daysvefore cr alter the ter-.ra tion of e m p 1 o y m er.t of a r. v e m o 1: ; e e engages m an occupation exposed to a.rbcrne concentrations of asoestcs f.bers. a comorenen.s:'- e medical examination '- n.cn shall include, as a minimum. = ones: rom:geno-gra.m. (pos te no r-ar. te r:o r '.4 x IT inches), a history to elicit synctcm. atoicgy of respirator--disease, and pulmonary :ur.o: non tests to include forced vital casacity !.-VC) ar.c forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (fZViji. (5) 5ent exominationj. No medical examina tion is required of any employee, if coeo u 3te records show that the employee has oeer. examined in accordance with this oaragraph within the past i-year period. A) (!) V.=! n t rr.- nce. a. rr. p 1 o y e ts of e m o 1 o y e e s examined ou r s u a n t to this pararracn 5 T. 2. i 1 C 2 5 6 1D b 8 FT. 2.1 7^ - 21P. 5 C C 2 !T. 2: r 15 IT. C accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be retained by e.moloyers for a: leas: 20 vears. ft!) The contents of the records of the medical examinations recuirec by this paragraph shall be mace avaiiaoie. for lnsoettion and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, the Director or NIQSH. to authorised physicians ar.c medical consultants of eitr.er o; tier, anc. uocn the request of an emoioyee or tormer employee, to ms pr.ysician. .physician who conducts a medical exa nation reouired by this pararraon s: furnish to the employer of the exam employee all the information, soeomc required by this paragraph, and any c: medical information reiatec to ocr. tion.ai exposure to asbestos fleers. i 91 0.1 002--COAL TAR FiTCK VOLATILES) INTERFRETAO OF TERM $3 7w7 LLA 000104 1910.IOOO<dH2)fi) ST.A-NDAPX'S A.Nit I.NTZ?IfSETATtON'S 'U occ"?at:onai. s.vrrrr Ato /1/ The value of (1). shall not exceed unity Since E. is less than unity -he expo- ure corabir.at.on is within acceptao.e limits. (ii) To illustrate the formula prescribed in subdivision (;) of this subparagraph, con sider the following exposures-. Material Acetone (Table Z-\i 2-Sutanone (Table 2-1# Toluene (Table Z-O Actual concentrjuSn of 8-hour exposure i-tiour time weighted average expoaure hmit 500 p.p.m. 45 p.o.ra. 10 p p.m. 1,003 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m. 2CO p.p.m. Substituting in th e formula, we nave: 500 -45 40 m - 1.000 200 200 E. = 0.500 - 0.225 - 0.200 E- = 0.925 (a) To achieve compliance with paragraph ta) through id) of this section, administrative or engineenngcontroi; must first oe uetermmeu and implemented wr.er.ever feasible. A hen such controls are not feasible to achieve :uii compliance, protective eauipne.n: or any otner protective measures snail oe used to keep the exposure of employees to air con tarn l- nants within the limits prescribed in this sec tion. Any equipment a m. o r tecnmc.il measures used for this purpose must be approved for eaco oarticular use by a comoetent industrial h-.g-enist or otner tecnnicaily qualified nersor. '.'."-enever respirator? are used, their use -r.a,, com pi v with t 191'.*. <.w*. 1910.1001--ASB25TC5 (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this section. (1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotiie. amosite, crocidolite, tremoiite. anthophyllite, and actinolite. (2) Standard effective July I, 1976. The S-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of as bes t' ''hers to which an y employee may be . . sed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined oy the method prescribed in paragraph .e) of this section. (7) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concen trations of csbesros fibers. (1) Standard elective july 7, 1977 i re P-nour time-weighted a? erage airoorne con ce'-trat i o n s of asbestos line's to w n : o n try employee may oe exuosed shall "ot c-ceed five fibers, longer tnan 5 m.tromsters. ter cubic centimeter a." as tetermi-e-t - . whs rr. s t r. 'z z crsicncs'' : r. this section. (3) Cailing concentration. No employee shall oe exposed at any tin1? to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fitters : n excess of W-erber.-c longer than 5 micrometers, oer cuoic cen timeter of air. as determined ay: ne met nod prescribed m paragrapr. ;ei of this section. !e) Vtethods of comaiicrce. (11 :rgmnng me'hods V; :rcmr-g commit n ' C" " e-r" n g " " 1910.1001(cH lui! 7C2 LLA 000105 rr occupational SArrrr and health matwi -i . stand A-tos and :nth?j>?lttat:: n s collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragrapn (b) of this section. (it) local exhaust ventilation. (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems snail be designed, constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing' the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1971, which is incorporated by reference herein. (b) See 19 10.6 concerning the availabil ity of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the mainte nance of a historic file n connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is giver, in 1910.100. (iii) Particular tools. All hand-ocerated and power-operated tools which may oroauee or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in raragrac-h (b) of this section, such as. mu: not .imiten Co, saws, scorers, abrasi'. e wr.eels. ana drills, shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation systems ir. aocoriunce w.tr. subdivision (,iij of this subparagraon. (iii) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged in tr.e spray.rg of asbestos, the removal, or demolition o: pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, ana ;r. tr.e removal or demolition of asbestos insula tion or coverings shall be provided witn respiratory equipment in accordance with paragraph id'-dli:::; of this section and with special clothing m accordance with paragraph (d)(3) of this section. (d) Personal protective equiomenf. (1) Compliance with the exposure limits pre scribed by paragraph i b) of this sect .o n may not be achieved by the use of resc-matur.-s or shift rotation of employees, except. (i) During the time period necessarv to install the engineering controls a.nu to institute the work practices recu.ren py paragraph (c) of this section; (ii) In work situations in which, the methods prescribed in paragrapn . c o: this section are either technical.;.' net feasible or feasible to an extent ir.su:ficient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers beiow tr.e limits, prescribed by paragraph (b) of tr.is sec tion; or (2) Work practices. (iii) In emergencies. (i) Wet methods. Insofar as oractic able, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed,cut. scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers m excess of the exposure limits prescribed in tiaragraph (b) of this section, unless the use fulness of the product wou.a be cuminished thereby. (ii) Particular products and operations. N asbestos cement, mortar. c:a:.~g. g-:ut. plaster, or similar mater.a. c.: -.mg asbestos shall be removed from -g-. tar tans. or other containers trev are shipped, witnout bemg e'fer v.^y?t or enclosed, or ventilated :: - ----. ent effectively the release or a rr -- e -- cos l". oers : n exces s : f tn.e .. m t; n -- > - - - - ; in paragrapn . o: o; this sect m (iv) Where both respirators ar.d personnel rotation are allowed by subdivisions >.. . (ii). or (iii) of this subparagraph, and both are practicable, personnel rotation snai; be preferred and used. (2) Where a respirator is permittee oy suc- paragrapn (I) of this paragrapn. it sr.a.. ;e selected from among those aoprovec oy e Bureau of Mines. Department o: tr.e Interior, or the National Institute ter national Safetv ar.d r.eaitr. Denart~ert :: Health, r.Uucation, cr.c A e:: a r e. ." tv " provis'O-s e: 3<) CF?- Part 11 " P- h d -- Mar. 25, 13 72), ar.d shall r.e -set c c o r d 2 p. c - ' z r. s u a - i '* '< 31 o r 3 ar.d '.'vi cf :r.;s subpara^rapn. (i) Air oup'vmg rfiOi'S^n A "J : a ~ sir.g-ie a:r 3l:r::y:r.% resp.ra:ar . r . 703 LLA 000106 1910.100l(dx::(i) 3TA_VDA_RD3 AND :N7Z?.??TAT:0N3 CCCV? A NO respirator described m subdivision ,id; or (iii) of this suoparagraph, snail be used to reduce the concentrations of airoorne asbestos fibers in the resoirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragrapn (b) of this section, when the ceding or the 3-hour time-weighted average airoorr.e concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. - (ii) Pow*r*d air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator descrioea in subdivision (ml of this suboaragrapn. shall be used to reduce cne concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below- -.he exposure .imits r.rescnbed in paragrap.o ib) of this section, when the ceiling or the 3-hour timeweighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, out not luO times, those limits. (iii) Typ* "C" supplied-oir respirators, connruous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "if C 0 n. t i n u o u s flow or pressure-aernanu. supplied-air respirator snaii be use-i to reduce the concentrations o: airoorne asbestos fibers in the respirator oeiow tn.e exposure limits prescribed in oaragraon (b) of this section, wr.en the ceding or the 8-hour time-weighted av-erage airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (iv) Establishment of a respirator program (a) The employer shall establ.tr a respirator program ir. accordance with the requirements of the American National Standard Practices for Res piratory Protection. ANSI 233 d-l.-fA which is incorporatec t>y reierence herein.i i b) See 19 i v conce-ning tn.e avp. at ity of ANSI 253 2-19^9 ant tn.e m.a -t nance or ar therewith, f National Si in 5 1910.10 (c) No employee shall be assigned to CasKS requ.rmg the use of respirators based upon ms most recent examina tion. an examining pnysician deter mines chat tn.e employee wii! be u.naole to function normally we a ri n g a respirator, or that the safety or r.eaith of the employee or other em aioyees wi,i be impaired by his use of a respirator. Such employee shai! be rotated to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position wnose duties he :s aoie to perform wicr. tn.e same employer, in the same geograpnical area arp with the same seniority, status, and rate of nay re nad just or-.or to such transfer. suer, a different pos:- tion is availaole. (3| Special e. jtr.ru The employer snal: oroviae. anj requ.re the use of. saecia; clotmr.g. such as coveralls or similar wnole ooav ciotning. Read coverings, gloves, arc foot coverings for any employee exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fioers. which exceed the ceiling level ptescribed m paragraph Ibl of this section. I*) Change rounu. (i) At any fixed piace of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asoestos fibers in excess of tn.e exposure limits prescribed in oaragraon lb) of this section, the employer shall provide onange rooms for employees working reg ularly at the place. (ii) Clothes lockers- The emoioyer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street c.otr.es from, ms work clothes. (iii) Laundering: i ii) L. cl Li r. i r r. et o' a - ~ r? ^ r o 5 to prever.: :r.*e ' *' a:rr tos !: ri ; r r \ J .*.t; 0 ' t r. r r \ ~ 0j r presc--.be : .r. oaru.crc.pp. tj 0:' t: ' . j n. D Any r-:: v - e- ..r lS'.S.lWHd'M'iLLMb 704 LLA 000107 OCCUPATIONAL SAPUTr AND 1310.100!''i - r- :,-) 5tantapjs a_nu ;N"?=jr:A?::>i son for laundering shall inform suer, person of Che requirement .r. .21 0; mis subdivision co effectively prevent me release of airborne asoestos noers m excess of the exposure limits prescrioed in paragraph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable con tainers, and labeled uvaccoraance witn paragraph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. Ail determinations of airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers snail be mace by the membrane filter method at -iuO--150 .< imagnification) (4 millimeter oo.iectivej with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring. (1) Initial determinations Wit.nm n m.or.tns of the publication of this section, every employer shall cause ever; place of employ ment where asbestos fibers are releasee to be monitored in such a way as :o determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is belowthe limits orescrioed in paragraph (b) of this section, ii the limits are exceeded, the emoioyer snail immediately undertake a compliance pro gram in accordance with paragraph ;c) of this section. (2) Personal monitoring. (i) Samples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on membrane filters of 0.3 micrometer poros ity mounted in an open-face filter holder Samples shall be taker, for the determ mo tion of the 3-hour time-weigr.tec avei-age airborne concentrations ar.d of tr.e ceding concentrations of asbestos f.oers (ii) Sampling frequency and oornni. .-.Iter t r.e initial determinations ret . ren tv surparagraph 111 of this paragratm, mm.t.s; shai! be of such free :er:v ant c-.if.r-- as to represent wutr. re as0 - a : e a:: _ - t --. the levels :f ex00sure a: rr.:t --- lx no case shai: the s a m. z.. n g t; : ; intervals greater then 3 m. 0 n t In s employees whose exposure to asacstts may reasonably be foreseen to e-.ceeu me limits prescribed by paragrapn .0; :: t.n.s section. (3) Environmental monitoring. (i) Samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment wnich are rep resentative of the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers whicn may reach the breathing zone of employees. 6am cits shall be collected on a membrane ".iter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted m an open-face filter holder. Samples sr.ail oe taken for the determination of: re ?-hour time-weighted average airoorne czntertrattons and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and pattern?. A11- t r.e initial determinations required oy -uzparagraph (L) of this paragraph, samzies shall be of such frequency and pat: :n as to represent wich reasonaole accuracy the leveis of exposure of the employees, in no casj snail sampling be at mt-^-va.s greater than 0 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reason ably be foreseen to exceed the exoosure limits prescribed in paragraph lb) of tn:s section. (4) Employee observation of monitoring. Atfected employees, or their representatives, shad, be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. {1) Caution signs. . Posting. Caution signs snail he orovideu .'.nr. disoiaved .it each location '.vr. ere .1 oorne concentrations of usne-:o> aiav he :n excess of the excor-i ..".escribe1'. : n p.u agrnn;:: " of I - ~ ' Signs sha:: be posted at -.uch a st.u.tr f: am suer, a location <0 that an -~*p -- 705 1910-100! 1.-. LLA 000108 1910.1001(1X1.1 o STANTIAiUDS A.VD INTERPRETATION'S >:cv?at:3na: at a!! approaches to area; containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. v ^; b. ^ am 0 ^ * 0; . state- C a l r: 0 s r e .one; 5 n 3.:; (ii) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by subdivision i;i o: this subparagraph shall conform to the require ments of JO" x 14" vertical format signs specified m 4 1910. L 45(d)( 4!. and to this subdivision. The signs shall display the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this sub division. Ligend .Votation Aabejtoj ______ ________________________ 1" Sans Serif, Gothic or 3ijck. Dost Hiiard_______ _________________ A" Sans Ser: Gothic or Block Avoid Breathing Dust ._ ......................... '-4 " Gothic. Wear Assigned Protective Equip- '4' Gothic, menc. Do Not Remain [n Area Unless -4" Gothic. Your Work Requires It Breathing Asoestos Dus: May 3e '1 oom: Hazardous To Your Heaiid. Goi-.ic Contains AaOe'CoH F-s-r:^ Avoid Creating Du.-*: 3reathin? isOc'^O' Du-a Mo.* Luj->e Sf-'oua 3<xi.ly HarT (h) Housekeeping. (I) Cleaning. All external surlaces in an;, place of e m 0:0 y ni e r. c nhuii oe maintained free of accumulations ot asoestos liuers >:. with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2} Waite disposal. Asoescox waste, scrap, debris, nags, containers, equipment, an.a asbestos-contammateij clothing, consignee for disposal, wh:ch may proauce in any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, stor age, processing, disposal, or transportation airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits presenoed in paragraph (b) of this section shaii be col lected and disposed of in sealed imperme able bags, or otr.er closed, impermeaole con tainers. Spacing between lines shall be a: least equal to the height of the usner of any two lines. (2) Caution labels. (i) labeling. Caution labels snail be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scraD, waste, debris, and other protracts contain ing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required wn.ere asbestos fibers nave been modifiea by a bonding agent, coating, burner. or otr.er material so tnat during an;, reasonat-iv foreseeable use. handling, storage, dis posal, processing, or trt n -r-' rtat n. r.o airborne concentrations u^ e s: i s ! i be r 3 : r. excess or z .a e e \ rr*<; 3 _ r ~ .. rr i;:-'.'scr.be a :r doracrapr. rv ` r s will be re :e a^ea. (i) Recordkeeping. (1) Exposure records. Every emoiover shad maintain records of any personal or environ mental monitoring required by tms section. Records shall be maintained for a period of a: least 20 years and snail be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occuoatior.al Safety and Health, and to au thorized representatives of either. -U F.R. 11504. March 19. 1375.; (2) Employee access. Lvery employee r. 2 former e rr. 0 [ q 3 e e snail have r e a 5 0 n a c 1 e access 10 ar.y recora requires to re rr.a.rta;ner bv s .imaraj-acr : 0: this para graph. wh.ch -hbicates the erro.oyee's or. exposure to o.-oe-tos fibers. ini Lq o a. i ^ p : 1' 1 c * a n s . e . ^ 1 * .'2) Employee norFccfton A 7 v -ir.p.oyer 11'-" : jr.cer trat: r- fastest:^ `-Dei'S . e'-uer** ji the an ts rrescr.ma \r. Daracraar t91Q.lOOMM> 706 LLA 000109 OCCUPATIONAL SAiTTY ANTI HEALTH 1910.1 1. i - ' S7ANTA2D5 ANT !'.'TE?.??_ET 17 i; s i this section shall be notified in writing of the exposure as soon as practicable but no: later than 5 days of the imam?. The employee shall also be timely notified of tr.e corrective action being taken. ([) Medical examinations. (1) General. The employer snail provide or make available at nis cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure co asoestos required by this paragraph. (2) Ppeploetmenf. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his emoioyees. within 30 calendar days following his first employment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asoestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, wmch shall include, as a minimum, a c.nest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 1 4 x IT inches), a history to eiicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pu.monary func tion tests to include forced vitai capacity (FVC) and forced expiracony voiume at l sec ond (FEVi.o). v3) Annual Biamioalions. On or Oe: j re .1 an uar 31, 1973, and at least annually t.ne-eafter. every employer snail provide, or ma.^e avail able, comprehensive medica: examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupa tions exposed to airoome concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x IT inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at L sec ond (FEVi.o). (4) Tetminotion of employment, ii'.e employer shall provide, or make avauatie. wntnin A calendar days before cr alter the termina tion of employment of an y e m p . o y e e engaged ,.n an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asoestos i.oers. u comprener.sive medical examination whicr. 3hall include, as a minimum, a c.nest roent genogram (posterior-anterior c4 x i inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, ana pulmonary :u.ac tion tests to include forced vitai capacitv ( FVC) ar.o forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o). (5) Recent ejaminorionj. N'o medical examina tion is required of any employee, it acea u ate records show that the employee nus seen, examined m accordance with t.nss para graph within the past 1-year period. 16) Medical recordt. (i) Maintenance. Employers of empiovees examined pursuant to this oaragraon shall cause to be maintained complete ana accurate records of ail suen medica; examinations. Records snail be retained by employers for at least 30 years. (ii) Access. The contents of the records .v the medical examinations required :y this paragraph shall be mace avai.ao.e, for inspection and copying, to : r. e Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, the Director o: NIOSH. to authorized physicians am: medical consultants of either of tnem, and. upon the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. Any physician who conducts a medical exami nation required by this paragrapn sn.au furnish to the employer of the examinee employee all the information soeciticatiy required by this paragraph, and any otner medical information related to occupa tional exposure to asbestos fibers 1910.1002--COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES; INTERPRETATION OF TERM Aa used ;n S 1910 1002 iTab.e Z--:n LT.C.JCe ra3c*C 1 ' ? r". '* which volatile rrorr. . r. res: :f.:oab oetrVeurr. ir 707 lla OOOilO